gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Protein kinase C epsilon mediates up-regulation of N-type calcium channels by ethanol. (2000)

Brief exposure to ethanol inhibits L-type and N-type voltage-gated calcium channels in neural cells. Although chronic ethanol exposure up-regulates the density and function of L-type channels via a protein kinase C (PKC) delta-dependent mechanism, the effect of prolonged ethanol exposure on N-type channels is not known. Using PC12 cells, we found that exposure to 25 to 150 mM ethanol for 0 to 8 days produced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the density of binding sites for the N-type channel antagonist (125)I-omega-conotoxin GVIA. This was associated with an increase in omega-conotoxin GVIA-sensitive, depolarization-evoked rises in [Ca(2+)](i). Increases in (125)I-omega-conotoxin GVIA binding also were observed in the frontal cortex and the hippocampus, but not in the thalamus of mice exposed to ethanol vapor for 3 days. In PC12 cells, increases in (125)I-omega-conotoxin GVIA binding were blocked by the PKC inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide I and by expression of a selective peptide inhibitor of PKCepsilon. Expression of a selective inhibitor of PKCdelta did not alter ethanol-induced increases in (125)I-omega-conotoxin GVIA binding. These findings indicate that PKCepsilon mediates up-regulation of N-type channels by ethanol. Because N-type channels modulate calcium-dependent neurotransmitter release, these findings suggest a mechanism that may contribute to neuronal hyperexcitability observed during alcohol withdrawal.
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM PRODUCES MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES AFTER LASER TREATMENT (2007)

PRP disturbs MMP/TIMP balance, inhibiting the initiation and maintenance required for active neovascularization. The efficacy of PRP may be due to changes in the expression pattern of metalloproteinases and inhibitors. This model elucidates the possible contribution of PRP to neovascularization regression by demonstrating the effect of laser on TIMP/MMP balance. The effects of PRP may be much more complex than currently understood and most likely involve more than vascular endothelial growth factor and other ischemia-related factors.
Increasing Lubricity of Downhole Fluids for Coiled Tubing Operations (2014)

Abstract The requirement for intervention operations in long lateral-reach wells continues to grow. In US, it is not uncommon to be asked to run coiled tubing (CT) in 10,000-ft laterals. In general terms, a 2-in CT typically has enough weight reserves to perform work to about half such a lateral. While increasing the CT diameter remains a theoretical option to improve reach, practically, it creates logistical challenges with both road transport and offshore crane lifting/deck loading limitations. Although fluid hammer tools and downhole tractors have extended CTs reasonable operational range significantly, they also increase circulating pressures and operational complexity. To reach a 10,000-ft lateral, the use of metal-on-metal lubricants will be required to work in conjunction with the other systems. Obviously, the use of lubricants is not new. Typical real life results of current systems are about a 15-20% reduction in the coefficient of friction (CoF) from a generic 0.24 to 0.19. Occasionally, smaller CoF values could be obtained in the field. However, these actual results compare poorly to laboratory testing with a high pressure rotational friction test. An extensive set of laboratory measurements was carried out using a linear friction measuring device to understand and quantify the mechanical, chemical, and thermal metal-on-metal wet frictional effects. Particular attention was paid to the synergy between lubricants and the other commonly circulated brines and fluid friction reducers. Other tests, such as regain permeability and aging tests have also been performed. Arising from the trials is a new lubricant that reduced the linear CoF by approximately 40-60% (0.10 to 0.14) under downhole conditions. Friction reduction of this magnitude is expected to make it feasible to run CT in 10,000-ft laterals without the use of fluid hammer tools or tractors. The paper details the new testing method, technical background of frictional drag, existing lubricant case histories, the new laboratory data, details of compatibility tests, and two new lubricant case histories.
The epidermal growth factor receptor mediates allergic airway remodelling in the rat (2008)

The chronicity of bronchial asthma is attributed to persistent airway inflammation and to a variety of structural changes, or remodelling, that includes smooth muscle and goblet cell hyperplasia. To investigate the mechanisms of airway remodelling, the current authors used an established allergen (ovalbumin; OVA)-driven rodent model (the Brown Norway rat). Brown Norway rats were sensitised to OVA and challenged three times at 5-day intervals to evoke airway remodelling. The effects of an epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor inhibitor, AG1478, and a cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor antagonist, montelukast, on epithelial and airway smooth muscle (ASM) cell proliferation in vivo in response to repeated OVA challenge were tested. Three challenges with leukotriene (LT)D(4) were given, to examine their effects on remodelling with and without AG1478 pretreatment. OVA challenges caused ASM hyperplasia, with an increase in mass, epithelial cell proliferation and goblet cell proliferation. AG1478 prevented the changes, as did montelukast. Multiple OVA challenges increased heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor but not EGF expression by airway epithelium. LTD(4) reproduced the changes in remodelling induced by OVA and this was blocked by AG1478. Allergen-induced airway epithelial and airway smooth muscle remodelling is mediated by cysteinyl leukotrienes via the cysteinyl leukotriene-1 receptor with downstream effects on the epidermal growth factor receptor axis.
Superproduction and rapid purification of Escherichia coli aspartate transcarbamylase and its catalytic subunit under extreme derepression of the pyrimidine pathway. (1985)

A strain of Escherichia coli has been constructed which greatly overproduces the enzyme aspartate transcarbamylase. This strain has a deletion in the pyrB region of the chromosome and also carries a leaky mutation in pyrF. Although this strain is a pyrimidine auxotroph, it will grow very slowly without pyrimidines if a plasmid containing the pyrB gene is introduced into it. Derepression occurs when this strain exhausts its uracil supply during exponential growth. Under extreme derepression, aspartate transcarbamylase can account for as much as 60% of the total cellular protein. This host strain/plasmid system can be utilized for the rapid purification of wild-type aspartate transcarbamylase or plasmid-born mutant versions of the enzyme. This system is particularly well-suited for analysis of the latter since the control of overproduction resides exclusively on the bacterial chromosome. Therefore, any plasmid bearing the pyrBI operon can be made to overproduce aspartate transcarbamylase in this host strain. Based on this system, a rapid purification procedure has been developed for E. coli aspartate transcarbamylase. The purification scheme involves an ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by a single precipitation of the enzyme at its isoelectric point. In a similar fashion, this strain can also be employed to produce exclusively the catalytic subunit of the enzyme if the plasmid only carries the pyrB gene. This system may be adapted to overproduce other proteins as well by using this host strain and the strong pyrB promoter linked to another gene.
Grating-assisted phase-matched second-harmonic generation from a polymer waveguide (1995)

Diffraction gratings can be used to achieve phase matching between the fundamental modes of a slab or confined waveguide. Compared with the usual techniques such as quasi-, Cerenkov, and intermodal phase matching, the matching method used here involves spatial harmonics of the guided electromagnetic field that are generated by the corrugated grating. This grating acts simultaneously as a linear waveguide coupler at both the pump and harmonic frequencies. Using the third spatial harmonic, we report what we believe to be the first observation of grating-assisted phase-matched second-harmonic generation between counterpropagating TM(0) modes of an organic waveguide.
Application of AFLP markers to genome mapping in poultry (1999)

The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique has been used to enhance marker density in the East Lansing reference chicken genome map, using a backcross family derived from a Red Jungle Fowl by White Leghorn mating with White Leghorn as the recurrent parent. To date, 204 AFLP markers have been added, expanding overall map coverage by about 25%. To the limits of our resolution, AFLP markers are distributed relatively evenly across the EL reference map. AFLP are about 60% as frequent in a cross within White Leghorns (line 7(2) x 6(3)) in comparison to the more divergent reference map population. Based on apparent identity of size, about 40% of the 7(2) x 6(3) cross AFLP fragments were also polymorphic in the reference map cross. Primer pairs in which one primer contains 3' extensions of three selective nucleotides and the other has two selective nucleotides successfully generated AFLP from chicken DNA, but such pairs appeared to amplify only a subset of those fragments to which they have an exact sequence match. Three different restriction enzymes with 4 bp recognition sites (TaqI, HinP1I and MspI) were found to work well with EcoRI as the rarer of the two AFLP restriction enzymes used, with HinP1I being the most effective of the three. AFLP markers are likely to provide an economical method with which to enhance framework linkage maps of chicken and probably other avian genomes.
Selective Up-Regulation of Phosphatidylinositol 3′-Kinase Activity in Th2 Cells Inhibits Caspase-8 Cleavage at the Death-Inducing Complex: A Mechanism for Th2 Resistance from Fas-Mediated Apoptosis (1999)

In this study the mechanism of differential sensitivity of CD3-activated Th1- and Th2-type cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis was explored. We show that the Fas-associated death domain protein (FADD)/caspase-8 pathway is differentially regulated by CD3 activation in the two subsets. The apoptosis resistance of activated Th2-type cells is due to an incomplete processing of caspase-8 at the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) whereas recruitment of caspase-8 to the DISC of Th1- and Th2-like cells is comparable. Activation of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase upon ligation of CD3 in Th2-type cells blocked caspase-8 cleavage to its active fragments at the DISC, thereby preventing induction of apoptosis. This study offers a new pathway for phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase in mediating protection from Fas-induced apoptosis.
Amplification of whistler waves propagating through inhomogeneous, anisotropic, mirror-confined hot-electron plasmas (1988)

A fully relativistic local dispersion relation for whistler waves has been solved at closely spaced points along the magnetic field lines of a 2:1 magnetic mirror in which a highly anisotropic, spatially inhomogeneous, hot-electron plasma is confined. The limiting plasma parameters for convective (spatial) growth have been determined numerically and used to identify plasma conditions leading to maximum amplification of input microwave signals introduced in the form of whistler waves. The maximum gain has been evaluated numerically for a range of values of the hot-electron plasma within which all major stability criteria are satisfied. Very high gains (∼40 dB) are indicated over the entire range of beta investigated.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhizobium sp. Strain PDO1-076, a Bacterium Isolated from Populus deltoides (2012)

Rhizobium sp. strain PDO1-076 is a plant-associated bacterium isolated from Populus deltoides, and its draft genome sequence is reported.
Association of Genetic Liability to Psychotic Experiences With Neuropsychotic Disorders and Traits (2019)

A large genetic association study of psychotic experiences from the population-based UK Biobank sample found support for a shared genetic liability between psychotic experiences and schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and neurodevelopmental disorders.
Characterization of Biofilm Formation by <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> In Vitro (2002)

Xylella fastidiosa colonizes the xylem of various host plants, causing economically important diseases such as Pierce's disease in grapevine and citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC) in sweet oranges. The aggregative nature of this bacterium has been extensively documented in the plant xylem and the insect's foregut. Structured communities of microbial aggregates enclosed in a self-produced polymeric matrix and attached to a surface are defined as biofilms. In this study, we characterized biofilm formation by X. fastidiosa through the use of a novel in vitro assay for studying biofilm growth in a potential mimic system of what might occur in planta. We used wood, a xylem rich material, as a surface for bacterial attachment and biofilm formation, under shear force. We demonstrated that X. fastidiosa strains isolated from various hosts formed biofilm on wood in this in vitro assay. Different biofilm morphology was detected, which seems to vary according to the strain tested and microenvironmental conditions analyzed. We observed that strains from different hosts could be grouped according to three parameters: biofilm morphology, the ability to form clumps in liquid culture, and the ability to attach to glass surfaces. We hypothesize that biofilm formation is likely a major virulence factor in diseases related to X. fastidiosa, bringing a new perspective for disease treatment.
Work Experience Reuse in Pattern Based Task Management (2009)

Abstract: Pattern based task management has been proposed as a promising approach to work experience reuse in knowledge intensive work environments. While initial work has focused on the conceptualization and development of a generic framework, the process and user interaction of the task pattern lifecycle has not been addressed. In this paper, we introduce task copy augmented by Abstraction Services as a novel approach to facilitate task pattern creation and maintenance in a semi-automatic fashion. Also, we develop the architecture to demonstrate the underlying ideas by leveraging the advantage of semantic technologies.
A Numerical Taxonomic Study of Some Pseudomonas-like Marine Bacteria (1977)

Summary: The abilities of 26 marine and 12 other Pseudomonas-like strains of bacteria to grow on single carbon sources, their antibiotic sensitivities and complement of some enzymes of intermediary metabolism were numerically analysed and gave five phenons. Two phenons contained strains with more than 55 mol % GC and were regarded as Pseudomonas spp., two were similar to the genus Alteromonas, and one was an intermediate phenon. Tests for identifying such organisms are proposed. Pseudomonas putrefaciens Derby & Hammer 1931 and P. rubescens Pivnick 1955 should be considered synonyms of Alteromonas putrefaciens Derby & Hammer comb. nov.
Determinantal Point Processes for Mini-Batch Diversification (2017)

We study a mini-batch diversification scheme for stochastic gradient descent (SGD). While classical SGD relies on uniformly sampling data points to form a mini-batch, we propose a non-uniform sampling scheme based on the Determinantal Point Process (DPP). The DPP relies on a similarity measure between data points and gives low probabilities to mini-batches which contain redundant data, and higher probabilities to mini-batches with more diverse data. This simultaneously balances the data and leads to stochastic gradients with lower variance. We term this approach Diversified Mini-Batch SGD (DM-SGD). We show that regular SGD and a biased version of stratified sampling emerge as special cases. Furthermore, DM-SGD generalizes stratified sampling to cases where no discrete features exist to bin the data into groups. We show experimentally that our method results more interpretable and diverse features in unsupervised setups, and in better classification accuracies in supervised setups.
Optimum coupling and multimode excitation of traveling‐waves in a whole‐body 9.4T scanner (2012)

Given the absence of a body coil, the radio frequency screen of a whole-body 9.4T magnetic resonance imaging scanner can be used as a circular waveguide. In the unloaded case, the screen allows propagation of the dominant TE11- as well as the TM01-mode. In the first part of this study, the optimum coupling of a circular polarized TE11-mode was determined empirically for excitation and reception with a rectangular patch antenna. Employing full-wave simulations, two simulation models and two phantoms, different patch positions were tested to find the optimum position with respect to coupled power and homogenous excitation field. The best simulation results were validated with measurements. The second part of this study describes the design and measurements of a multimode excitation device. Using the parallel transmit system of the MR scanner, all propagable traveling wave modes could be excited and detected independently. The performance of the multimode device related to field of view, B1+-efficiency and radio frequency shimming was assessed by phantom measurements. Initial results show that three modes are sufficient to homogeneously excite regions of interest at 9.4 T.
Messages with implicit destinations as mobile agents (2012)

Applications running over decentralized systems, distribute their computation on nodes/agents, which exchange data and services through messages. In many cases, the provenance of the data or service is not relevant, and applications can be optimized by choosing the most efficient solution to obtain them. We introduce a framework which allows messages with intensional destination, which can be seen as restricted mobile agents, specifying the desired service but not the exact node that carries it, leaving to the system the task of evaluating the extensional destination, that is an explicit address for that service. The intensional destinations are defined using queries that are evaluated by other agents while routing. We introduce the Questlog language, which allows to reformulate queries, and express complex strategies to pull distributed data. In addition, intensional addresses offer persistency to dynamic systems with nodes/agents leaving the system. We demonstrate the approach with examples taken from sensor networks, and show some experimental results on the QuestMonitor platform.
Form processing based on background region analysis (2002)

We present a novel approach for processing form documents based on background region analysis. Our goal is to achieve line-property-free form processing. Background regions can be extracted independently of line width or length, and multi-layer analysis employing a series of coarse-to-fine background images makes it possible to extract background regions regardless of small line-breaks. We propose two multi-layer analysis algorithms for different situations. One is applied in a registration process of a form model. It reliably extracts box regions from un-filled forms without using any model. The other is applied in a character extraction process. By using a spatial model of a form, it reliably extracts background regions, and re-integrates these regions if they are divided by characters written in the boxes. From these re-integrated regions, the exact locations of the character boxes are determined on the input image. Besides these algorithms, we present a form identification method that uses coarse background images. We implemented the algorithms into a prototype system that processes pre-printed forms. 50 types of existing forms were tested without any customization. Model registration, character extraction, and form identification were reliably carried out.
도시가계의 소득계층별 소비지출구조 분석 - IMF 이전과 이후 비교분석 - (2000)

The purpose of this study is to identify the change according to income bracket and the trade-off between expenditure items by analyzing expenditure pattems of the urban households as a result of the IMF. The results of this study are as follows; The comp
Technology of an Emotional Engine Sound Designing for Active Sound Control Using Order Balance and Musical Instrument Sound (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper discusses approaches to emotionally improve the driving sound based on Active Sound Design (ASD). In the first step, target sound design methods are suggested in order to represent the vehicle’s concept and brand image via a driving sound. In this method, formant filter and musical chords are applied to the target sound synthesis. In the second step, a technique to make a target sound realistic in ASD system is discussed, which enables to stimulate the customers' emotion. In this technique, the process to simulate a musical instrument sound for a vivid driving sound and synthesize the sound with FIR filter is studied. Finally, the improved driving sound is demonstrated in ASD system.</div></div>
Wideband digital correction of I and Q mismatch in quadrature radio receivers (2002)

I/Q mismatches are common in radio receivers, which apply quadrature demodulation schemes. Numerous methods have been developed to estimate and correct these errors for narrow-band signals. In this paper a wideband correction method is introduced. First the frequency-dependent I/Q mismatches are estimated by local test signal injection. Then a digital filter is constructed to correct them. With this method, a significant amount of image rejection over a broad bandwidth can be achieved as demonstrated by high-level simulations.
Automatic question generation for vocabulary assessment (2005)

In the REAP system, users are automatically provided with texts to read targeted to their individual reading levels. To find appropriate texts, the user's vocabulary knowledge must be assessed. We describe an approach to automatically generating questions for vocabulary assessment. Traditionally, these assessments have been hand-written. Using data from WordNet, we generate 6 types of vocabulary questions. They can have several forms, including wordbank and multiple-choice. We present experimental results that suggest that these automatically-generated questions give a measure of vocabulary skill that correlates well with subject performance on independently developed humanwritten questions. In addition, strong correlations with standardized vocabulary tests point to the validity of our approach to automatic assessment of word knowledge.