gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superplasticity of .DELTA.-ferrite/austenite duplex stainless steels. (1985)

Superplastic behavior of δ-ferrite/austenite duplex stainless steels has been studied by means of isothermal hot tensile test at temperatures (T)from 700 to 1100°C at initial strain rates (ε) from 10-4 to 10-1 s-1 in relation to microstructural aspects prior to and during deformation. Superpiastic elongations were observed in wide ranges of T and ε. The maximum elongation greater than 2500% was obtained under the condition where c phase precipitation occurred during deformation. The elongation depended on the precipitation rate of c phase especially in the lower temperature deformation as well as on the prior microstructure. The most suitable microstructure obtained for superplasticity was fine grained δ-ferrite matrix with fine dispersion of γ particles. In the deformation of the specimens with such optimun microstructure, elongations greater than 200% were obtained at T≅1000°C even at ε_??_10-1s-1. During superplastic flow, the large microstructural changes were observed. At above 1000°C γ phase was separated and was refined into spherical particles within the δ-ferrite matrix and at temperature below 1000°C, a γ/σ mixed structure was formed by the eutectoid decomposition of δ-ferrite, resulting finally in the stable equiaxed micro-duplex structures with δ/γ and γ/σ, respectively. Such microstructural changes can play an important role for the superplastic behavior in addition to the effect of m-value.
Ion Implantation Modifies the Surface of GDCs: An Experimental Study in Swine Aneurysms (1997)

Ion implantation and protein-coatings were utilized to alter the surface properties (endothelial cellular adhesion) and enhance the thrombogenicity of Guglielmi detachable coils (GDCs) for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. These modified GDCs were compared with standard GDCs in the treatment of experimental swine aneurysms. Standard GDCs and ion-implanted protein coated GDCs were used to treat 32 aneurysms in 16 swine. GDCs were coated with either proteins, collagen (n=5), vitronectin (n=4), fibrinogen (Fn=3), laminin (n=2), or fibronectin (n=2) and underwent Ne(+) or He(+) implantation with a fluence of 1 x 10(14--) 10(15) ions/cm(2) at an energy of 150 keV. Bilateral experimental swine aneurysms were embolized with standard GDCs (n=16) on one side and with ion-implanted proteincoated GDCs (n=16; total) on the other side. The necks of aneurysms were evaluated macroscopically and histopathologically at autopsy using day 14 posttreatment specimens. Greater fibrous coverage of the necks of aneurysms were observed in the ion-implanted coil group. The results of this experimental study indicate that Ion implantation combined with protein coating of GDCs improved cellular adhesion and proliferation. Future application of this technology may provide early wound healing at the necks of embolized widenecked cerebral aneurysms.
Influence of Temperature and Pressure on Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis Catalyzed by Bimetallic Aluminum Complexes and Application to Overall <i>syn</i>-Bis-hydroxylation of Alkenes (2012)

The effect of moderate temperatures (22-100 °C) and pressures (1-10 bar) on the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide catalyzed by a combination of bimetallic aluminum complexes and tetrabutylammonium bromide is investigated. The combined bimetallic complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide catalyst system is shown to be an order of magnitude more active than the use of tetrabutylammonium bromide alone at all temperatures and pressures studied. At the higher temperatures and pressures used, disubstituted epoxides become substrates for the reaction and it is shown that reactions proceed with retention of the epoxide stereochemistry. This allowed a route for the overall syn-bis-hydroxylation of alkenes to be developed without the use of hazardous metal based reagents. At higher pressures it is also possible to use compressed air as the carbon dioxide source.
Action Segmentation With Joint Self-Supervised Temporal Domain Adaptation (2020)

Despite the recent progress of fully-supervised action segmentation techniques, the performance is still not fully satisfactory. One main challenge is the problem of spatiotemporal variations (e.g. different people may perform the same activity in various ways). Therefore, we exploit unlabeled videos to address this problem by reformulating the action segmentation task as a cross-domain problem with domain discrepancy caused by spatio-temporal variations. To reduce the discrepancy, we propose SelfSupervised Temporal Domain Adaptation (SSTDA), which contains two self-supervised auxiliary tasks (binary and sequential domain prediction) to jointly align cross-domain feature spaces embedded with local and global temporal dynamics, achieving better performance than other Domain Adaptation (DA) approaches. On three challenging benchmark datasets (GTEA, 50Salads, and Breakfast), SSTDA outperforms the current state-of-the-art method by large margins (e.g. for the F1@25 score, from 59.6% to 69.1% on Breakfast, from 73.4% to 81.5% on 50Salads, and from 83.6% to 89.1% on GTEA), and requires only 65% of the labeled training data for comparable performance, demonstrating the usefulness of adapting to unlabeled target videos across variations. The source code is available at https://github.com/cmhungsteve/SSTDA.
A Fast Algorithm for Euler's Elastica Model Using Augmented Lagrangian Method (2011)

Minimization of functionals related to Euler's elastica energy has a wide range of applications in computer vision and image processing. A high order nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) needs to be solved, and the gradient descent method usually takes high computational cost. In this paper, we propose a fast and efficient numerical algorithm to solve minimization problems related to Euler's elastica energy and show applications to variational image denoising, image inpainting, and image zooming. We reformulate the minimization problem as a constrained minimization problem, followed by an operator splitting method and relaxation. The proposed constrained minimization problem is solved by using an augmented Lagrangian approach. Numerical tests on real and synthetic cases are supplied to demonstrate the efficiency of our method.
ELECTROSTATIC MICROVALVES FOR INTEGRATED MICROCHEMICAL SYSTEMS (2011)

We report the design, fabrication, and testing of an electrostatic microvalve for portable integrated microfluidic devices. The valve operates with electrical potentials under 300 V and accommodates pressures as high as 10 kPa. The valves are utilized to direct pressure to pneumatic microvalves, which significantly reduces the ancillaries typically needed to operate the pneumatic actuators.
A video transmission system based on human visual model (2005)

This paper presents a joint source-channel coding scheme of digital video broadcasting over a satellite channel. The video compression is based on the human visual model. The perceptual distortion model, the just-noticeable-distortion (JND), is applied to improve the subjective quality of compressed videos. The 3-D wavelet decomposition can remove spatial and temporal redundancy and provide scalability of the video quality. In order to conceal the errors which occurred under bad channel conditions, a novel slicing method and a joint source channel coding scenario that combines rate compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes with cyclic redundancy check (CRC) and utilizes the distortion information to allocate convolutional coding rates are presented. A new performance index based on the JND is proposed and used to evaluate the overall performance at different signal-to-noise ratios (SNR). Our system uses the OQPSK modulation scheme.
Imaging of photogenerated acid in a chemically amplified photoresist (1998)

Chemically amplified photoresists are widely used throughout the semiconductor industry due to the need for high throughput in the lithography process. Knowledge of the location of acid molecules in chemically amplified resists is of paramount importance for the process control of the image formation of almost all the lithographic techniques used in the semiconductor industry today. We have demonstrated a technique based on pH-dependent fluorescence which can measure directly the spatial distribution of the photoacid in photoresist films without the need of any other subsequent process after exposure. By adding a small amount of fluorescent material to the resist, a latent image can be formed when photogenerated acid molecules quench the fluorescence in exposed areas. We demonstrate images formed after exposure of SAL605 resist films to x-ray radiation, with no post-exposure bake, and show that the optical contrast is a function of dose. We also show that the same technique can be utilized for rapid evaluation of photoacid generator efficiency.
<title>Variable time delay for RF/microwave signal processing</title> (1991)

This paper addresses the problem of dynamic optical processing for the control of phased array antennas. The significant result presented is the demonstration of a continuously variable photonic RF/microwave delay line. It is shown that by applying spatial frequency dependent optical phase compensation in an optical heterodyne process, variable RF delay can be achieved over a prescribed frequency band. Experimental results which demonstrate the performance of the delay line with regard to both maximum delay and resolution over a broad bandwidth are presented. Additionally, a spatially integrated optical system is proposed for control of phased array antennas. This approach uses a class of spatial light modulator known as a deformable mirror device and leads to a steerable arbitrary antenna radiation pattern of the true time delay type. Also considered is the ability to utilize the delay line as a general photonic signal processing element in an adaptive (reconfigurable) transversal frequency filter configuration.
Materials Science Cements Containing Syringic Acid Esters- o-Ethoxybenzoic Acid and Zinc Oxide (1984)

Fissure caries is reduced when syringic acid is incorporated into a cariogenic diet of rats. It was therefore of interest to synthesize n-hexyl and 2-ethylhexyl syringate and to evaluate the properties of cements with these compounds as ingredients. Liquids containing the esters dissolved in o-ethoxybenzoic acid (EBA) - when mixed with powders made up from zinc oxide, aluminum oxide, and hydrogenated rosin - hardened in from four to nine min. Properties of the cements were determined, when possible, according to ANSI/ADA specification tests. Depending on the powder-liquid ratio employed, we obtained compositions with varying physical properties desirable for different dental applications. The syringate cements, compared with the commonly used ZOE materials, have improved compressive and tensile strength, lower water solubility, do not inhibit polymerization, and are compatible with acrylic monomers. These cements pass, and mostly greatly exceed, the requirements for ZOE-type restorative materials. They also bond significantly to resins, composites, and non-precious metals. The bond strength is somewhat less than that of n-hexyl vanillate-EBA cement, but greatly exceeds the adhesion to various substrates of ZOE luting agents. Cements containing n-hexyl syringate were somewhat brittle. Best results were obtained with liquid compositions containing 5% 2-ethylhexyl syringate, 7% n-hexyl vanillate, and 88% EBA, which yielded non-brittle materials. These cements, because of the syringate ingredient, may possess caries-reducing properties. Thus, perhaps in conjunction with fluoride additives, they would be useful as insulating bases, pulp capping agents, root canal sealers, soft tissue packs, or intermediate restoratives.
MgO seed layers for CoCrPt/Cr longitudinal magnetic recording media (1995)

Sputter deposited MgO thin films with the B1 crystal structure and (002) film texture are used as seed layers to improve the texture and magnetic properties of the CoCrPt/Cr magnetic thin films on glass substrates for longitudinal recording. The desired (002) textured Cr underlayers are usually obtained by sputtering Cr onto heated substrates. However, it is found that the MgO seed layers can induce the (002) film texture in the Cr underlayers without using a heated substrate and hence, the overlying CoCrPt films are formed with the (112̄0) texture. Vibrating-sample magnetometry measurements show greatly improved in-plane coercivities that are suitable for future high density recording media can be easily obtained.
Intestinal microbiome analyses identify melanoma patients at risk for checkpoint-blockade-induced colitis (2016)

The composition of the intestinal microbiota influences the development of inflammatory disorders. However, associating inflammatory diseases with specific microbial members of the microbiota is challenging, because clinically detectable inflammation and its treatment can alter the microbiota's composition. Immunologic checkpoint blockade with ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) signalling, is associated with new-onset, immune-mediated colitis. Here we conduct a prospective study of patients with metastatic melanoma undergoing ipilimumab treatment and correlate the pre-inflammation faecal microbiota and microbiome composition with subsequent colitis development. We demonstrate that increased representation of bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes phylum is correlated with resistance to the development of checkpoint-blockade-induced colitis. Furthermore, a paucity of genetic pathways involved in polyamine transport and B vitamin biosynthesis is associated with an increased risk of colitis. Identification of these biomarkers may enable interventions to reduce the risk of inflammatory complications following cancer immunotherapy.
Optimistic parallelism benefits from data partitioning (2008)

Recent studies of irregular applications such as finite-element mesh generators and data-clustering codes have shown that these applications have a generalized data parallelism arising from the use of iterative algorithms that perform computations on elements of worklists. In some irregular applications, the computations on different elements are independent. In other applications, there may be complex patterns of dependences between these computations. The Galois system was designed to exploit this kind of irregular data parallelism on multicore processors. Its main features are (i) two kinds of set iterators for expressing worklist-based data parallelism, and (ii) a runtime system that performs optimistic parallelization of these iterators, detecting conflicts and rolling back computations as needed. Detection of conflicts and rolling back iterations requires information from class implementors. In this paper, we introduce mechanisms to improve the execution efficiency of Galois programs: data partitioning, data-centric work assignment, lock coarsening, and over-decomposition. These mechanisms can be used to exploit locality of reference, reduce mis-speculation, and lower synchronization overhead. We also argue that the design of the Galois system permits these mechanisms to be used with relatively little modification to the user code. Finally, we present experimental results that demonstrate the utility of these mechanisms.
Improved Error Diffusion Modified with AM/FM Periodic Noise (1999)

Error diffusion (ED) method is a major stream in digital halftoning, but the unpleasant wormy patterns have been disagreeable to the people who are familiar with halftone screen in the conventional printing. The major drawbacks of ED method lie in (1) wormy patterns (2) vertical textures (3) dots' delay. This paper proposes a simple and easy way to reduce these unpleasant artifacts. The wormy patterns are more noticeable in the highlight and shadow areas. The proposed modified ED algorithm employs a periodic noise whose amplitude is controlled to be higher in the highlight and shadow, while lower in the midtone areas. We named this noise the AM/ FM periodic noise. And we tried to extend this modified ED to the color. In this paper, the experimental results are reported using inkjet printer and the performance is discussed as compared with conventional ED.
Experimental Investigation on RF Characteristics of Cryogenically-Cooled 3W-Class Receiver Amplifier Employing GaN HEMT with Blue Light LED for Mobile Base Stations (2014)

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the RF characteristics of a 3W-class cryogenically-cooled receiver amplifier employing a gallium-nitride high electron mobility transistor (GaN HEMT) with a blue light for mobile base stations. In general, a cryogenically-cooled receiver amplifier using a GaN HEMT exhibits unstable DC characteristics similar to those found in the current collapse phenomenon because the GaN HEMT loses thermal energy at cryogenic temperatures. The fabricated cryogenically-cooled receiver amplifier achieves stable DC characteristics by injecting blue light into the GaN HEMT instead of thermal energy. Experimental results show that the amplifier achieves fine stable DC characteristics for deviation in the drain-source current from 42% to 5% and RF characteristics for a maximum power added efficiency from 58% to 68% without and with the blue light at 60 K. The fabricated amplifier is effective in reducing the power consumption at cryogenic temperatures. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first report regarding RF characteristics of a cryogenically-cooled receiver amplifier using a blue light for mobile base stations.
The Effects of Electric Field Dynamics on the Quality of Large-Area Nanofibrous Layers (2021)

This paper presents technological modifications of an electrostatic spinning device, which significantly increase the thickness homogeneity (i.e., quality) of produced layers by creating auxiliary dynamic electric fields in the vicinity of the spinning and collector electrodes. A moving body was installed above the needleless spinning electrode, which destabilized the standing wave occurring on the free surface of the spinning solution. Furthermore, an endless belt design was used for the collector electrode instead of a roll-to-roll design, which made it possible to substantially increase the surface speed of the substrate and, therefore, the dynamics of the electric field at the place of collection of the fibers being spun. As a result, the coefficient of variation of the area weight of 912 samples cut out from the deposited nanofibrous layer, which was (1000 × 500) mm<sup>2</sup> in size and had an average area weight of (17.2 ± 0.8) g/m<sup>2</sup>, was less than 4.5%. These results were obtained only when the dynamics of both the spinning and collector electrodes were increased at the same time. These modifications resulted in a significant increase in the quality of deposited nanofibrous layers up to the standard required for their use in pharmaceutical applications.
Rippled-beam free-electron laser (1997)

The authors describe a new microwave generation mechanism involving a scalloping annular electron beam. The beam interacts with the axial electric field of a TM{sub 0n} mode in a smooth circular waveguide through the axial free-electron laser interaction, in which the beam ripple period is synchronous with the phase slippage of the rf mode relative to the electron beam. Due to nonlinearities in the orbit equation, the interaction can be made autoresonant, where the phase and amplitude of the gain is independent of the beam energy.
pH- and Concentration-Programmable Electrodialytic Buffer Generator (2011)

We have presented in a companion paper a suppressor-based electrodialytic buffer generator (EBG) that can produce programmable pH gradients. Here we demonstrate a three-electrode EBG. In this three-compartment flow-through device, the central compartment is separated from the outer compartments with a cation-exchange membrane (CEM) and an anion-exchange membrane (AEM), respectively. One platinum electrode is disposed in each compartment. The flows through each compartment are independent. With appropriate solutions in each compartment, independent potentials are applied to the CEM and AEM electrodes with respect to the grounded central electrode. The CEM current and the AEM current can be independently manipulated to generate buffers with variable concentration and pH in the central compartment. Both the CEM and AEM currents can be positive or negative. For the CEM, a positive current (i(cat)(in)) indicates that cations are coming in from the CEM channel to the center. A negative current (i(cat)(out)) takes cations out of the center to the CEM channel. Similarly for the AEM, currents governing anion transport into the center channel from the AEM channel (AEM electrode negative) or the reverse (AEM electrode positive) are respectively denoted by i(an)(in) or i(an)(out). Most examples herein involve inward ion transport, referred to as the additive mode. Depending on whether i(cat)(in) <i(an)(in) or i(cat)(in) > i(an)(in), H(+)/O(2) and OH(-)/H(2) are respectively produced at the central electrode to maintain electroneutrality. Any gas formed is subsequently removed by a gas removal device. The pH of the central channel effluent is related to the ratio of the currents through the two membranes, while the generated concentration is controlled by the absolute value of the currents. The buffer concentration and pH can be varied in a controlled predictable manner. A pH span of 3-12 was attained and a phosphate buffer concentration up to 140 mM was generated. We demonstrate a variety of combined pH/concentration gradients from a mixture of ethylenediamine, citrate, and phosphate by manipulating i(cat)(in), which controls introduction of the ethylenediammonium ion, and i(an)(in), which controls the introduction of citrate and phosphate ions. We also demonstrate an additive-subtractive mode of operation where both inward and outward currents are used to add one type of ion while removing another type of ion to reproducibly generate pH/concentration gradients.
Construction of Replication‐Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors (2002)

Advances in identification and characterization of gene products responsible for specific diseases of the nervous system have opened opportunities for novel therapies using gene transfer vectors for gene replacement. Herpes simplex virus (HSV)-based vectors are particularly well suited for gene delivery to neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. The authors have developed methods to delete HSV-1 IE gene functions and to subsequently introduce foreign genes into the HSV-1 genome using homologous recombination. This unit describes methods for generating cell lines that complement multiple essential gene deletion mutants as well for generating such replication-defective virus recombinants and inserting foreign DNA sequences into replication-defective viral genomes, the last step in preparing a vector. Three support protocols describe methods for preparing virus stocks, titering virus, and preparing viral DNA.
Grain Boundary Geometry of Superplastic Silicon Carbide Ceramic (1999)

Two kinds of silicon carbide ceramics were fabricated with Al 2 O 3 -Y 2 O 3 -CaO additives by hot-pressing using different SiC powders. The small pieces of these SiC were deformed by compression at 1650°C and 1700°C under constant cross-head speed, respectively. The specimen which was sintered with very fine powder (90nm) at 1750°C showed superplasticity, but the specimen sintered with less fine powder (280nm) at 1900°C did not. The microstructure of both the superplastic and the non-superplastic SiC ceramics was observed by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. After the deformation at 1650°C, liquid phase in the superplastic specimen redistributed and made large pockets. The orientation relation between adjacent two grains was observed by means of a microdiffraction techniquc. There was no significant difference in percentage of both coincidence site lattice boundary and low angle boundary between superplastic SiC and non-superplastic SiC.