gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multifuel Evaluation of Rich/Quench/Lean Combustor (1983)

The work described in this paper is a part of the DOE/LeRC “Advanced Conversion Technology Project” (ACT). The program is a multiple contract effort with funding provided by the Department of Energy and Technical Program Management provided by NASA LeRC. The emphasis in this paper is the fuel flexible combustor technology developed under the “Low NOx Heavy Fuel Combustor Concept Program” for application to the Detroit Diesel Allison (DDA) Model 570-K industrial gas turbine engine. The technology, to achieve emission goals, emphasizes dry fuel-bound nitrogen (FBN), control of NOx can be effected through a stated combustor with a rich initial combustion zone. A rich/quench/lean (RQL) variable geometry combustor utilizes the technology that will be presented to achieve low NOx from alternate fuels containing FBN. The results will focus on emissions and durability for multifuel operation.
Impact of Recent Advances in Information Technology on Collection Development (1997)

The impact of CD-ROM databases, internet and digital libraries on collection development is quite significant. Challenges in this regard are discussed in this paper and argued that it is necessary to conduct a survey of available sources on various networks. Effective techniques are required to search and store the downloaded data. The policy for collection development should take care of recent advances in information technology and its impact. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dbit.17.1.3296
The Public Schools Have a "Special Need" for Their Students' Urine (2002)

Prior to my teaching career, I
Solution to the problem of the poor cyclic fatigue resistance of bulk metallic glasses (2009)

The recent development of metallic glass-matrix composites represents a particular milestone in engineering materials for structural applications owing to their remarkable combination of strength and toughness. However, metallic glasses are highly susceptible to cyclic fatigue damage, and previous attempts to solve this problem have been largely disappointing. Here, we propose and demonstrate a microstructural design strategy to overcome this limitation by matching the microstructural length scales (of the second phase) to mechanical crack-length scales. Specifically, semisolid processing is used to optimize the volume fraction, morphology, and size of second-phase dendrites to confine any initial deformation (shear banding) to the glassy regions separating dendrite arms having length scales of approximately 2 mum, i.e., to less than the critical crack size for failure. Confinement of the damage to such interdendritic regions results in enhancement of fatigue lifetimes and increases the fatigue limit by an order of magnitude, making these "designed" composites as resistant to fatigue damage as high-strength steels and aluminum alloys. These design strategies can be universally applied to any other metallic glass systems.
<i>In vitro</i> inhibition of intestinal motility by phenylethanolaminotetralines: evidence of atypical β‐adrenoceptors in rat colon (1990)

1. The new compounds phenylethanolaminotetralines (PEAT), unlike the reference beta-adrenoceptor agonists isoprenaline (Iso), ritodrine (Ri) and salbutamol (Sal), produced half-maximal inhibition of spontaneous motility of rat isolated proximal colon at substantially lower concentrations (EC50 2.7-30 nM) than those inducing beta 2-adrenoceptor-mediated responses (relaxation of guinea-pig isolated trachea and rat uterus) and had virtually no chronotropic action (EC50 greater than 3 x 10(5) M) on the guinea-pig isolated atrium (a beta 1-adrenoceptor-mediated response). 2. The nonselective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists alprenolol and propranolol prevented the inhibition of rat colon motility by the PEAT with low and different potencies (pA2 values around 7.5 and 6.5 respectively). Conversely alprenolol and propranolol had a higher and similar potency (pA2 values around 9.0) in preventing typical beta 1 or beta 2-responses (increase in atrial frequency by Iso or tracheal relaxation by Ri or Sal). 3. The selective beta-adrenoceptor antagonists CGP 20712A (beta 1) and ICI 118,551 (beta 2) either alone or in combination, did not prevent rat colon motility inhibition by the representative PEAT SR 58611A, which was also fully resistant to alpha-adrenoceptor, acetylcholine, dopamine, histamine, opioid and 5-hydroxytryptamine antagonists. 4. These results indicate that the PEAT are a new class of beta-adrenoceptor agonists and suggest that their preferential intestinal action may be accounted for by selectivity for atypical beta-adrenoceptors, abundant in the rat colon and distinct from the currently recognized beta 1 and beta 2 subtypes.
Diffusion kurtosis imaging allows the early detection and longitudinal follow-up of amyloid-β-induced pathology (2018)

Our results indicate that DKI metrics hold tremendous potential for the early detection and longitudinal follow-up of Aβ-induced pathology.
Effect of first‐trimester nuchal translucency on second‐trimester maternal serum biochemical screening for Down's syndrome (1997)

We evaluated the effectiveness of 10-14 week nuchal translucency measurement in routine ultrasound screening for Down's syndrome, and its effect on the sensitivity of subsequent maternal serum biochemistry. This was an observational study, in which all women attending for antenatal care at a district general hospital were routinely offered a first-trimester nuchal translucency scan and second-trimester quadruple maternal serum biochemistry as screening tests for Down's syndrome. The main outcome measures were abnormal fetal karyotype and the performance of screening tests. A total of 3604 women were scanned in the first trimester of pregnancy. Excluding the cases that did not fit the entry criteria (n = 344, 9.6%) and in which nuchal translucency measurements were not possible (n = 340, 9.4%), a total of 2920 women were screened. A nuchal translucency-derived risk of 1:200 for an aneuploid pregnancy resulted in a 5% (n = 147) screen-positive rate. Screening using this risk enabled the first-trimester detection of five of seven (71%) fetuses with trisomy 21 and 14 of 18 (78%) aneuploid fetuses. Second-trimester maternal serum biochemistry testing was performed in 1904 of the women who had nuchal translucency screening, with a screen-positive rate of 7.5% (n = 143). Only one extra case of Down's syndrome would have been detected by maternal serum biochemistry testing if nuchal translucency screening had been implemented at a risk level of 1:300. This study demonstrates that first-trimester nuchal translucency measurement is effective in routine screening for fetal chromosomal abnormality. Furthermore, the implementation of a nuchal translucency screening program will significantly reduce the positive predictive value of second-trimester maternal serum biochemistry testing.
Genetic Conversion of a Fungal Plant Pathogen to a Nonpathogenic, Endophytic Mutualist (1993)

The filamentous fungal ascomycete Colletotrichum magna causes anthracnose in cucurbit plants. Isolation of a nonpathogenic mutant of this species (path-1) resulted in maintained wild-type levels of in vitro sporulation, spore adhesion, appressorial formation, and infection. Path-1 grew throughout host tissues as an endophyte and retained the wild-type host range, which indicates that the genetics involved in pathogenicity and host specificity are distinct. Prior infection with path-1 protected plants from disease caused by Colletotrichum and Fusarium.Genetic analysis of a cross between path-1 and wild-type strains indicated mutation of a single locus.
Automatic Facial Expression Recognition Using Facial Animation Parameters and Multistream HMMs (2006)

The performance of an automatic facial expression recognition system can be significantly improved by modeling the reliability of different streams of facial expression information utilizing multistream hidden Markov models (HMMs). In this paper, we present an automatic multistream HMM facial expression recognition system and analyze its performance. The proposed system utilizes facial animation parameters (FAPs), supported by the MPEG-4 standard, as features for facial expression classification. Specifically, the FAPs describing the movement of the outer-lip contours and eyebrows are used as observations. Experiments are first performed employing single-stream HMMs under several different scenarios, utilizing outer-lip and eyebrow FAPs individually and jointly. A multistream HMM approach is proposed for introducing facial expression and FAP group dependent stream reliability weights. The stream weights are determined based on the facial expression recognition results obtained when FAP streams are utilized individually. The proposed multistream HMM facial expression system, which utilizes stream reliability weights, achieves relative reduction of the facial expression recognition error of 44% compared to the single-stream HMM system.
Guaranteeing global synchronization in networks with stochastic interactions (2012)

We design the interactions between oscillators communicating via variably delayed pulse coupling to guarantee their synchronization on arbitrary network topologies. We identify a class of response functions and prove convergence to network-wide synchrony from arbitrary initial conditions. Synchrony is achieved if the pulse emission is unreliable or intentionally probabilistic. These results support the design of scalable, reliable and energy-efficient communication protocols for fully distributed synchronization as needed, e.g., in mobile phone networks, embedded systems, sensor networks and autonomously interacting swarm robots.
Kinetic Studies and Product Characterization during the Basic Hydrolysis of Glyceryl Nitrate Esters (1979)

Abstract : Kinetics of the basic hydrolysis of glyceryl trinitrate (TNG), 1,2- glyceryl dinitrate (1,2-DNG), 1,3-glyceryl dinitrate (1,3-DNG), 1-glyceryl mononitrate (1-MNG) and 2-glyceryl mononitrate (2-MNG) were investigated in CO2- free aqueous calcium hydroxide solutions. The hydrolysis reactions were carried out in a temperature controlled reactor vessel with provision for continuous N2 sparging of the reaction mixture. All glyceryl nitrate esters hydrolysed via second order reaction at 25 C. The activation energy of the TNG hydrolysis reaction was calculated from kinetic data at 10 C, 18 C, and 25 C. The 2-MNG and 1,2-DNG in basic solutions isomerized to 1-MNG and 1,3-DNG, respectively, which subsequently hydrolysed to yield products. The main hydrolysis product in the case of 1,3-DNG was identified as glycidyl nitrate.
Assessing fluid responsiveness by stroke volume variation in mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis (2004)

Background and objective: Our hypothesis was that stroke volume variation during mechanical ventilation of the lungs would allow accurate prediction and monitoring of changes in cardiac index in response to fluid loading in patients with severe sepsis. Methods: This was a prospective clinical study in a university hospital. Ten mechanically ventilated patients with severe sepsis or septic shock were given fluid loading with 500 mL 10% hydroxyethylstarch 200/0.5 over 30 min. Before and after fluid loading pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure and central venous pressure were measured. Intrathoracic blood volume index, stroke volume variation and cardiac index were measured by the transpulmonary thermodilution technique. After verifying normal distribution of the data (skewness <1.0) the paired t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: After fluid loading stroke volume variation decreased significantly, whereas central venous pressure, pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure, intrathoracic blood volume index and cardiac index increased significantly. Changes of cardiac index in response to fluid loading were correlated to baseline values of stroke volume variation (r = 0.64, P = 0.02) and intrathoracic blood volume index (r = −0.73, P = 0.009). Changes in cardiac index were significantly correlated to percentage changes in stroke volume variation (r = −0.65, P < 0.001) and changes in intrathoracic blood volume index (r = 0.52, P = 0.002), whereas changes in cardiac index revealed no significant correlation to changes in central venous pressure (r = 0.28, P = 0.07) and changes in pulmonary arterial occlusion pressure (r = 0.29, P = 0.06). Conclusions: Measuring stroke volume variation may be a useful way of guiding fluid therapy in ventilated patients with severe sepsis because it allows estimation of preload and prediction of cardiac index changes in response to fluid loading.
EFFECT OF BONE POROSITY ON THE MECHANICAL INTEGRITY OF THE BONE-CEMENT INTERFACE (2003)

The fracture resistance of the bone-cement interface is greatly improved when the ability of the cement to flow into the intertrabecular spaces is enhanced.
Identification of a novel cellulose‐binding domain the multidomain 120 kDa xylanase XynA of the hyperthermophilic bacterium <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> (1995)

A segment of Thermotoga maritima strain MSB8 chromosomal DNA was isolated which encodes an endo-1,4-beta-D-xylanase, and the nucleotide sequence of the xylanase gene, designated xynA, was determined. With a half-life of about 40 min at 90 degrees C at the optimal pH of 6.2, purified recombinant XynA is one of the most thermostable xylanases known. XynA is a 1059-amino-acid (approximately 120 kDa) modular enzyme composed of an N-terminal signal peptide and five domains, in the order A1-A2-B-C1-C2. By comparison with other xylanases of family 10 of glycosyl hydrolases, the central approximately 340-amino-acid part (domain B) of XynA represents the catalytic domain. The N-terminal approximately 150-amino-acid repeated domains (A1-A2) have no significant similarity to the C-terminal approximately 170-amino-acid repeated domains (C1-C2). Cellulose-binding studies with truncated XynA derivatives and hybrid proteins indicated that the C-terminal repeated domains mediate the binding of XynA to microcrystalline cellulose and that C2 alone can also promote cellulose binding. C1 and C2 did not share amino acid sequence similarity with any other known cellulose-binding domain (CBD) and thus are CBDs of a novel type. Structurally related protein segments which are probably also CBDs were found in other multidomain xylanolytic enzymes. Deletion of the N-terminal repeated domains or of all the non-catalytic domains resulted in substantially reduced thermostability while a truncated xylanase derivative lacking the C-terminal tandem repeat was as thermostable as the full-length enzyme.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
In Situ Fourier Transform Infrared‐Diffuse Reflection Spectroscopy of Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Anodes and Cathodes (1996)

In situ Fourier transform infrared‐diffuse reflection spectroscopy (FTIR‐DRS) was used to study both the adsorbed and desorbed species produced on high surface area anodes and cathodes of direct methanol/oxygen fuel cells. We investigated platinum‐ruthenium and platinum black as anodes. The cathodes studied were platinum black. The primary product detected on both Pt‐black and Pt‐Ru anodes at low methanol/water vapor ratios (Pmethanol: 15.2 kPa) was . Consistent with previous work, CO adsorption is more prevalent on Pt‐black than on Pt‐Ru. In addition to CO and , vibrational modes due to formic acid, methylformate, and formaldehyde are detected by FTIR‐DRS under potentiostatic control. At higher methanol/water vapor ratios (Pmethanol: 38.0 kPa) and low potentials (0.10 to 0.50 V), formaldehyde is the only product at the Pt‐Ru anode. Methylformate and formic acid vibrational modes appear at potentials from 0.60 to 0.80 V. and methanol are observed at open circuit on the cathode side as a result of methanol permeation from the anode to the cathode region. increases in the cathode region with increasing anode potential.
Corrosion and Chemical Agent Destruction (1995)

Supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) is a developing technology for the destruction of hazardous and nonhazardous wastes. General Atomics and its subcontractors are currently conducting two comprehensive research and demonstration programs geared toward the destruction of Department of Defense (DoD) wastes utilizing SCWO technology. Wastes of primary interest include chemical agents and solid propellants. Corrosion testing performed in support of these programs identified platinum and titanium as candidate reactor construction materials. Kinetics testing emphasized chemical agent destruction. Kinetics results for chemical agents show destruction and removal efficiencies for GB, VX, and mustard agents to be in excess of 99.9999%, limited only by detection capability.
Molecular, clinical, and pathologic comparison of two distinct strains of Haemobartonella felis in domestic cats (1998)

PCR is a critical diagnostic aid to detect occult Haemobartonella spp infection, as well as response to treatment and clearance of the organism.
CIMDIFF: advanced difference tracking tool for CIM compliant devices (2009)

Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) for any enterprise scale data center is significantly dependent upon the effectiveness of the system management solutions and procedures deployed. Complexity of managing a data center increases as various enterprise applications demand diverse sets of requirements, leading to a very heterogeneous environment often fueled by diverse emerging technologies. Emergence of the industry standard Common Information Model (CIM) has introduced uniformity and interoperability into this complex managed environment. In this paper, we describe a tool CIMDIFF that provides syntactic and semantic difference tracking for CIM compliant devices in both spatial and temporal flavors. Since this problem is NP-hard, in this paper we present an efficient technique that combines domain specific object oriented knowledge with hierarchical structure of CIM-XML to derive meaningful differences. We demonstrate the value of this tool for a) tracking difference in device characteristics b) verification of proper operation as well as automated validation of management software given the limited resources of testing infrastructure. An experimental evaluation of this tool in a complex data center is provided. 1
Pros & Cons of Using Hot-Wall Condensers in Household Refrigerators (2018)

This work focuses on the pros and cons of using hot-wall condensers in household refrigerators, based on both numerical and experimental approaches. To this end, seven refrigerators were manufactured with distinct designs of hot-wall condensers. The design parameters were the following: (i) adhesive tape (aluminum or polyethylene), (ii) tube outer diameter (4 or 4.76 m), (iii) total length (10 or 11.5 m) and (iv) lay-out. An in-house mathematical model for hot-wall condensers was added to an in-house system simulation tool to predict the refrigerators performance. Experiments were conducted in a climate-controlled test chamber. It was found that the model predictions are close to the energy consumption measurements with deviations of the order of ±10%. It has also been found that the heat load is increased by 7.7% when a hot-wall condenser is added to the system. An extensive sensitivity analysis was also carried out, showing that the hot-wall condenser and thus the refrigerator performance is very much affected by the outer sheet thermal conductivity and thickness, but mainly by the tape thermal conductivity. The contact area between tape and outer sheet also plays a significant role in the heat transfer, meaning that a cheaper polymeric tape might be used if enough contact area is provided. Additionally, it has been found that there is a tube pitch which minimizes the energy consumption in despite of the condenser geometry.
Solar photovoltaic charging of lithium-ion batteries (2009)

Solar PV battery charging was tested by using crystalline and amorphous silicon PV modules to recharge lithium-ion battery strings. The iron phosphate type batteries were charged to their maximum capacity with optimum efficiency while avoiding thermal hazards associated with overcharging due to the self-regulating design of the solar charging system.
Synchronization Strings: Codes for Insertions and Deletions Approaching the Singleton Bound (2021)

We introduce synchronization strings , which provide a novel way to efficiently deal with synchronization errors , i.e., insertions and deletions. Synchronization errors are strictly more general and much harder to cope with than more commonly considered Hamming-type errors , i.e., symbol substitutions and erasures. For every ε > 0, synchronization strings allow us to index a sequence with an ε -O(1) -size alphabet, such that one can efficiently transform k synchronization errors into (1 + ε)k Hamming-type errors . This powerful new technique has many applications. In this article, we focus on designing insdel codes , i.e., error correcting block codes (ECCs) for insertion-deletion channels. While ECCs for both Hamming-type errors and synchronization errors have been intensely studied, the latter has largely resisted progress. As Mitzenmacher puts it in his 2009 survey [30]: “ Channels with synchronization errors...are simply not adequately understood by current theory. Given the near-complete knowledge, we have for channels with erasures and errors...our lack of understanding about channels with synchronization errors is truly remarkable. ” Indeed, it took until 1999 for the first insdel codes with constant rate, constant distance, and constant alphabet size to be constructed and only since 2016 are there constructions of constant rate insdel codes for asymptotically large noise rates. Even in the asymptotically large or small noise regimes, these codes are polynomially far from the optimal rate-distance tradeoff. This makes the understanding of insdel codes up to this work equivalent to what was known for regular ECCs after Forney introduced concatenated codes in his doctoral thesis 50 years ago. A straightforward application of our synchronization strings-based indexing method gives a simple black-box construction that transforms any ECC into an equally efficient insdel code with only a small increase in the alphabet size. This instantly transfers much of the highly developed understanding for regular ECCs into the realm of insdel codes. Most notably, for the complete noise spectrum, we obtain efficient “near-MDS” insdel codes, which get arbitrarily close to the optimal rate-distance tradeoff given by the Singleton bound. In particular, for any δ ∈ (0,1) and ε > 0, we give a family of insdel codes achieving a rate of 1 - δ - ε over a constant-size alphabet that efficiently corrects a δ fraction of insertions or deletions.
Using Room Temperature Current Noise To Characterize Single Molecular Spectra (2014)

We propose a way to use room temperature random telegraph noise to characterize single molecules adsorbed on a backgated silicon field-effect transistor. The overlap of molecule and silicon electronic wave functions generates a set of trap levels that impose their unique scattering signatures on the voltage-dependent current noise spectrum. Our results are based on numerical modeling of the current noise, obtained by coupling a density functional treatment of the trap placement within the silicon band gap, a quantum kinetic treatment of the output current, and a Monte Carlo evaluation of the trap occupancy under resonance. As an illustrative example, we show how we can extract molecule-specific "fingerprints" of four benzene-based molecules directly from a frequency-voltage colormap of the noise statistics. We argue that such a colormap carries detailed information about the trap dynamics at the Fermi energy, including the presence of correlated interactions, observed experimentally in backgated carbon nanotubes.