gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electro–Chemo–Mechanical Issues at the Interfaces in Solid‐State Lithium Metal Batteries (2019)

Abstract Effective solid‐state interfacial contact of both the cathode and lithium metal anode with the solid electrolyte (SE) are required to improve the performance of solid‐state lithium metal batteries (SSBs). Electro–chemo–mechanical coupling (ECMC) strongly affects the interfacial stability of SSBs. On one hand, mechanical stress strongly influences interfacial contact and causes side reactions. On the other hand, electrochemical reactions such as lithium deposition cause mechanical deformation and stress at electrode/SE interfaces. To solve the degradation/failure problems of interfaces and provide guidelines to construct high‐performance SSBs, the ECMC at electrode/SE interfaces should be comprehensively investigated. In this review, the problems associated with ECMC at electrode/SE interfaces are summarized. The interfacial degradation/failure mechanisms, including the contact and electrochemical stability of interfaces, are introduced. Mechanical factors affecting interfacial contact and lithium deposition are highlighted. Experimental observation and computational analysis methods for electrode/SE interfaces are then summarized. Strategies to construct stable electrode/SE interfaces, such as assembling stress and wetting layers to improve interfacial contact, 3D SE structure, and plating stress relief to suppress lithium dendrite formation, are reviewed. The remaining challenges to better understanding ECMC and related solutions to aid SSB development are discussed.
Robust image superresolution method to handle localized motion outliers (2009)

Superresolution reconstruction produces a high-resolution image from a set of low-resolution images. Accurate subpixel image registration is critical in image superresolution reconstruction. The existence of outliers, which are defined as data points with different distributional characteristics from the assumed model, will produce erroneous image registration estimates that lead to undesirable results. Several solutions have been proposed to handle registration errors as a part of the regularized solution in the reconstruction step; however, they are invalid for videos that contain localized outliers, such as moving objects in the frames. We present a new robust image superresolution method to handle the localized motion outliers. We first separate the low-resolution image into several layers. After identifying the motion models of the layers, we calculate these separately. Then, we can obtain an accurate subpixel image registration of the background that contains important information. Finally, we fuse them into a high-resolution image. The effectiveness of our model is demonstrated with results from superresolution experiments with both synthetic and real sequences in the presence of localized motion outliers.
Speaker verification method for operation system of consumer electronic devices (2015)

A system is proposed that can remotely operate consumer electronic devices by voice. It uses the mobile phone as a controller. And it uses the CELP(code excited linear prediction) parameters that are used for speech coding in mobile phones. A speaker verification function protects private information and separates the user's voice from that of people nearby who are also speaking. A CELP-based speaker verification method is used to match the audio stream by comparing the trajectories of continuous phonemes. Experimental evaluation of the speaker verification method demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed verification method.
Neuroarthropathy: An Overuse Injury of the Shoulder in Quadriplegia (1996)

The shoulder joint of the spinal cord injured patient is the primary joint used for transfer and wheelchair propulsion. In addition to ordinary use, the shoulder is subject to overuse injury with resultant functional impairment. Frequent overuse injuries of the shoulder include subdeltoid bursitis, bicipital tendonitis, rotator cuff tear and secondary degenerative arthritis. Neuroarthropathy of the shoulder, an overuse injury of an insensate shoulder girdle, has been rarely described in the literature. The case presented is that of an active 47 year old, right hand dominant, C7 complete quadriplegic male with a one week history of painless right shoulder girdle swelling. Radiologic evaluation documented right proximal humerus destruction. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) confirmed syringomyelia. The pathophysiology of neuroarthropathy is presented here and limited treatment options are discussed.
Evaluation of black tea gel and its protection potential against UV (2007)

In this study, aqueous and alcoholic extracts of black tea were obtained. The black tea extracts were tested in vitro for their ultraviolet (UV) absorption profile. It was found that both extracts showed UV absorption and followed the same path based on the wavelength. Aqueous extract showed a stronger absorptivity per weight basis than the alcoholic extract of black tea. A peak was obtained between 250 and 300 nm. After 300 nm, UV absorption decreased fast towards 400 nm with a low absorptivity. The black tea aqueous extract was formulated as a gel with the help of a carbomer resin and tested in vivo in six subjects for evaluating its protection potential against the UV (200-400 nm) using an artificial UV source consisting of a high pressure metal halide discharge lamp. Based on erythema evaluation, it was found that erythema appeared after 4 h and reached a peak at 24 h on control site. On the contrary, no erythema was observed in any of the six subjects on black tea gel applied sites. Therefore, it was concluded that black tea gel protected the skin from a broad range UV (200-400 nm) radiation. The black tea gel can be safely applied in large amounts on large skin surfaces without any toxicological concerns.
A Real-time Data Model Based on Temporal Data (2006)

实时数据库系统包含预定限制，而且数据预定限制的不仅办理。这篇论文讨论数据 inreal 时间数据库的时间的特征并且提供绝对、相对的时间的一致性的一个定义。Inreal 时间数据库系统，办理时间表的政策仅仅考虑即时交易的截止时间，这经常是盒子，使保证交易的时间的正确性不够。一条政策被认为交易的截止时间和“数据截止时间”安排即时交易给。关系代数学也基于时间的数据的特征是的一个即时关系数据模特儿和 areal 时间求婚了。Inthis 模型，时间的数据有不仅相应价值，而且相应于数据价值的有效性间隔。同时，这个模型能使数据值历史。一种关系的有效性间隔是什么时候[现在，现在] ，即时关系代数学将转变到传统的关系代数学。
Development and Validation of Deep Learning–based Automatic Detection Algorithm for Malignant Pulmonary Nodules on Chest Radiographs (2018)

Purpose To develop and validate a deep learning-based automatic detection algorithm (DLAD) for malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs and to compare its performance with physicians including thoracic radiologists. Materials and Methods For this retrospective study, DLAD was developed by using 43 292 chest radiographs (normal radiograph-to-nodule radiograph ratio, 34 067:9225) in 34 676 patients (healthy-to-nodule ratio, 30 784:3892; 19 230 men [mean age, 52.8 years; age range, 18-99 years]; 15 446 women [mean age, 52.3 years; age range, 18-98 years]) obtained between 2010 and 2015, which were labeled and partially annotated by 13 board-certified radiologists, in a convolutional neural network. Radiograph classification and nodule detection performances of DLAD were validated by using one internal and four external data sets from three South Korean hospitals and one U.S. hospital. For internal and external validation, radiograph classification and nodule detection performances of DLAD were evaluated by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and jackknife alternative free-response receiver-operating characteristic (JAFROC) figure of merit (FOM), respectively. An observer performance test involving 18 physicians, including nine board-certified radiologists, was conducted by using one of the four external validation data sets. Performances of DLAD, physicians, and physicians assisted with DLAD were evaluated and compared. Results According to one internal and four external validation data sets, radiograph classification and nodule detection performances of DLAD were a range of 0.92-0.99 (AUROC) and 0.831-0.924 (JAFROC FOM), respectively. DLAD showed a higher AUROC and JAFROC FOM at the observer performance test than 17 of 18 and 15 of 18 physicians, respectively (P < .05), and all physicians showed improved nodule detection performances with DLAD (mean JAFROC FOM improvement, 0.043; range, 0.006-0.190; P < .05). Conclusion This deep learning-based automatic detection algorithm outperformed physicians in radiograph classification and nodule detection performance for malignant pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs, and it enhanced physicians' performances when used as a second reader. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Molecular Cloning and Functional Expression of the K-Cl Cotransporter from Rabbit, Rat, and Human (1996)

We report the cloning, sequence analysis, tissue distribution, and functional expression of the K-Cl cotransport protein, KCC1. KCC1 was identified by searching the human expressed sequence tag data base, based on the expectation that it would be distantly related to the Na-K-Cl cotransporter. Rabbit KCC1 (rbKCC1) and rat KCC1 (rtKCC1) were cloned by screening rabbit kidney and rat brain cDNA libraries using homologous cDNA probes. Human KCC1 (hKCC1) was obtained from I.M.A.G.E. clones and in part by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction; it exhibits 97% identity with rbKCC1. KCC1 encodes a 1085-residue polypeptide with substantial sequence homology (24-25% identity) to the bumetanide-sensitive Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC or BSC) and the thiazide-sensitive Na-Cl cotransporter (NCC or TSC). Hydropathy analysis of KCC1 indicates structural homology to NKCC, including 12 transmembrane domains, a large extracellular loop with potential N-linked glycosylation sites, and cytoplasmic N- and C-terminal regions. Northern blot analysis revealed a ubiquitously expressed 3. 8-kilobase transcript. Much of the genomic sequence of hKCC1 is in the data base, and the gene has been previously localized to 16q22.1 (Larsen, F., Solhein, J., Kristensen, T., Kolsto, A. B., and Prydz, H.(1993) Hum. Mol. Genet. 2, 1589-1595). Epitope-tagged rbKCC1 was stably expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells, resulting in production of a approximately150-kDa glycoprotein. The initial rate of 86Rb efflux from cells expressing rbKCC1 was more than 7 times greater than efflux from control cells and was inhibited by 2 mM furosemide; 86Rb efflux was stimulated by cell swelling. Uptake of 86Rb into rbKCC1 cells after a 15-min pretreatment with 1 mM N-ethylmaleimide was dependent on external chloride but not on external sodium, and was inhibited by furosemide with a Ki of approximately 40 microM and by bumetanide with a Ki of approximately 60 microM. These data demonstrate that the KCC1 cDNAs encode a widely expressed K-Cl cotransporter with the characteristics of the K-Cl transporter that has been characterized in red cells.
Trajectory-Following and Off-Tracking Minimization of Long Combination Vehicles: A Comparison Between Nonlinear and Linear Model Predictive Control (2023)

In this paper, we compared the linear and nonlinear motion prediction models of a long combination vehicle (LCV). We designed a nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC) for trajectory-following and off-tracking minimisation of the LCV. The used prediction model allowed coupled longitudinal and lateral dynamics together with the possibility of a combined steering, propulsion and braking control of those vehicles in long prediction horizons and in all ranges of forward velocity. For LCVs where the vehicle model is highly nonlinear, we showed that the control actions calculated by a linear time-varying model predictive control (LTV-MPC) are relatively close to those obtained by the NMPC if the guess linearisation trajectory is sufficiently close to the nonlinear solution, in contrast to linearising for specific operating conditions that limit the generality of the designed function. We discussed how those guess trajectories can be obtained allowing off-line fixed time-varying model linearisation that is beneficial for real-time implementation of MPC in LCVs with long prediction horizons. The long prediction horizons are necessary for motion planning and trajectory-following of LCVs to maintain stability and tracking quality, e.g. by optimally reducing the speed prior to reaching a curve, and by generating control actions within the actuators limits.
New Hydrophobic IOL Materials and Understanding the Science of Glistenings (2015)

An introduction to the history of intraocular lenses (IOLs) is given, leading up to modern hydrophobic examples. The roles of hydrophobicity, hygroscopy, materials chemistry, and edge design are discussed in the context of IOLs. The four major types of IOL materials are compared in terms of their chemistry and biocompatibility. An example of a modern "hydrophobic" acrylic polymer with higher water content is discussed in detail.
Double well field effect diode: Lateral SCR-like device for ESD protection of I/Os in deep sub micron SOI (2007)

The double well field effect diode (DWFED), an SOI SCR-like device for ESD protection of I/O circuits, is presented. The effect of device and process parameters on the diode on-voltage is examined, and the TLP and VFTLP characteristics of the DWFED are compared with those of the SOI lateral diode. It is shown how to use the DWFED for local clamping ESD protection, with a diode-like It2 level.
Brief Images: Massive pericardial effusion. (2015)

Significant pericardial effusions are an uncommon but very important disorder in childhood. In our patient, cross-sectional imaging demonstrated a massive pericardial effusion. The underlying etiology here was connective tissue disease causing recurrent pericardial effusion. An associated left-sided pleural effusion was noted. Clinicians must be aware of this disorder in the pediatric age group, performing a thorough evaluation in all children with large pericardial effusions, and managing appropriately.
Adding polymorphic tuples and lists to the syntax of Java (2004)

Java does not provide built-in methods for constructing and accessing tuples and lists. In other programming languages, especially functional languages, these data structures are an integral part of the language. In fact, programming without tuples and lists is inconceivable in these languages.This paper will discuss a method for adding these capabilities to Java. We propose a syntax for tuples and lists that fits in with the existing Java syntax. We define a semantics for the new constructs based on simple Java 1.4 and 1.5 classes. We describe our implementation of a source level translation for the extended language to Java.
Simultaneous acoustic channel measurement via maximal-length-related sequences (2005)

A wide variety of acoustic systems has multiple sources and receivers. This paper proposes a technique for making acoustic measurements simultaneously for multiple sources. The proposed technique features a collection of excitation signals of the maximum-length sequence (MLS) and MLS-related classes. Each signal in the set has a pulse-like autocorrelation function, and the cross-correlation functions between arbitrary pairs of signals drawn from the set have peak values that are significantly lower than the peak magnitude of the autocorrelation functions. The proposed method is particularly valuable when characterization of multisource, multireceiver system must be accomplished in a limited time period. Both simulation and experimental results are presented that demonstrate the feasibility and fidelity of the proposed techniques in characterizing acoustic systems.
An Electronically Tunable Biomimetic Antenna Array (2018)

A two-element tunable biomimetic antenna array (BMAA) that uses a single varactor to achieve tunability over a relatively wideband is presented. The proposed device consists of two closely spaced quarter-wavelength monopole antennas operating at 600 MHz. The antennas are spaced at a distance of 2.5 cm and are coupled together using a tunable external coupling network (ECN). The ECN is designed to allow for tuning the response of the BMAA over the frequency range of 580-700 MHz. Over this frequency range, the proposed BMAA can enhance the phase difference between the output signals compared with a conventional array while extracting the maximum available power from the incoming wave. A prototype of the proposed tunable BMAA is designed, fabricated, and experimentally characterized. Measurement results are shown to be in good agreement with the theoretical analysis. The proposed tunable BMAA can be used to alleviate the bandwidth limitations of the previously reported two-element BMAAs.
Mixture of hyaluronic acid and phospholipid prevents adhesion formation on the injured flexor tendon in rabbits (2000)

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine, a highly surface-active polar lipid, has been implicated as a potential boundary lubricant for synovial joints. We examined the effects of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine on the flexor tendon and its protective effect against postoperative adhesion in two experimental steps. First, the flexor digitorum fibularis and the distal pulley of rabbits were set for a friction test. The test was performed with saline solution, sodium hyaluronate, or a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium hyaluronate as the lubricant. The friction coefficient was significantly lower with the mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium hyaluronate than with saline solution or sodium hyaluronate. We concluded that the decreased friction coefficient indicates that dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine could complement the boundary-lubricating ability of the tendon. In the second experiment, we used an experimental adhesion model of the flexor digitorum fibularis in the rabbit. During the operation, either saline solution, sodium hyaluronate, or a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium hyaluronate was injected into the tendon sheath. The specimen was sent to another tester, and the work required to tear off the adhesion was measured. The work required was significantly greater for the tendons that had been injected with saline solution than for those given injections of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium hyaluronate. Our findings suggest that dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine plays an important role in the boundary lubrication of the tendon and that after tendon injury, the administration of a mixture of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and sodium hyaluronate may improve tendon lubrication and prevent adhesion formation.
Phantom and in-vivo measurements of hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation using PCT-S small animal scanner (2007)

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to calibrate the PCT small animal scanner system with a blood phantom and to measure the blood hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation level in mouse tail vein and tumors. 

Methods and Materials: A blood phantom with variable blood flow and oxygen content was integrated into the PCT scanner with a circulation system. The circulation system consisted of a pump, an oxygen electrode detector and a tonometer. The SaO2 values were determined based on a linear combination model of oxy-hemoglobin and deoxy-hemoglobin absorption spectrum curves. Hemoglobin concentration (CHb) was determined by measuring the linear relationship for different blood dilutions. SaO2 and CHb as measured in vivo for the artery and vein in a mouse tail were also measured. 

Results: The PCT spectra of blood phantom samples were measured and compared with hemoglobin optical absorption spectra. The linear relationship between hemoglobin concentration and PCT intensities were observed by phantom study. The hemoglobin concentration of mouse is ~9.7g/dL. The saturation difference between arteries and veins in mouse tail is also measured by PCT scan.

Conclusions: Both the phantom and living mouse tail vessel scans have shown that NIR PCT-spectroscopy can be used to measure the hemoglobin saturation level and hemoglobin concentration in small animal for future tumor hypoxia study.
Type I interferons produced by dendritic cells promote their phenotypic and functional activation (2002)

Resting dendritic cells (DCs) are resident in most tissues and can be activated by environmental stimuli to mature into potent antigen-presenting cells. One important stimulus for DC activation is infection; DCs can be triggered through receptors that recognize microbial components directly or by contact with infection-induced cytokines. We show here that murine DCs undergo phenotypic maturation upon exposure to type I interferons (type I IFNs) in vivo or in vitro. Moreover, DCs either derived from bone marrow cells in vitro or isolated from the spleens of normal animals express IFN-alpha and IFN-beta, suggesting that type I IFNs can act in an autocrine manner to activate DCs. Consistent with this idea, the ability to respond to type I IFN was required for the generation of fully activated DCs from bone marrow precursors, as DCs derived from the bone marrow of mice lacking a functional receptor for type I IFN had reduced expression of costimulatory and adhesion molecules and a diminished ability to stimulate naive T-cell proliferation compared with DCs derived from control bone marrow. Furthermore, the addition of neutralizing anti-IFN-alpha/beta antibody to purified splenic DCs in vitro partially blocked the "spontaneous" activation of these cells, inhibiting the up-regulation of costimulatory molecules, secretion of IFN-gamma, and T-cell stimulatory activity. These results show that DCs both secrete and respond to type I IFN, identifying type I interferons as autocrine DC activators.
The relevance of salt bridges for the stability of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (2007)

Hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus undergoes an irreversible conformational change at acidic pH, mediating viral fusion with the host endosomal membrane. To unravel the molecular basis of the pH-dependent stability of HA, we demonstrate by mutagenesis of the prototype HA of virus strain X31 (H3 subtype) that salt bridges, especially a tetrad salt bridge within the monomers, are crucial for folding and stability of the trimeric ectodomain. This complex (tetrad) salt bridge is highly conserved among influenza virus subtypes. Introducing additional sites of electrostatic attraction between monomers in the distal region enhanced the stability of ectodomain at low pH mimicking the natural variant H2 subtype. We propose that distinct salt bridges in the distal domain may contribute to the enhanced stability of HA of natural virus variants. This hypothesis may provide clues to understanding adaptations of virus strains (for example, avian influenza viruses) in order to preserve stability of the protein in the host-specific environment.
A simple and convenient method for the preparation of antioxidant peptides from walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates (2016)

The method combines the advantages of generality, rapidity, simplicity, and is useful for the mass production of walnut peptides.Graphical AbstractPreparation of antioxidant peptides from walnut (Juglans regia L.) protein hydrolysates.
Nova in the Small Magellanic Cloud 2001 (2001)

G. L. Bosch, R. H. Barba, and N. I. Morrell, Observatorio Astronomico, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, report that echelle spectroscopy (range 460-780 nm, resolution 0.04 nm) obtained of the nova at CASLEO Observatory on Oct. 26.149 UT shows strong, low-excitation emission lines of H, Fe II, [O I], O I, Na I, and possibly [Ni I] with broad P-Cyg profiles. Terminal wind velocities measured from the absorption-profile edge in H-beta indicates expansion of up to 1800 km/s, while Fe II and Na I lines show a slower expansion velocity of 950 km/s. The FWHM of the H-alpha emission was about 1400 km/s.