gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promoting endothelial cell affinity and antithrombogenicity of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) by mussel-inspired modification and RGD/heparin grafting (2018)

When used as small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs), synthetic biomedical materials like polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) may induce thrombosis and intimal hyperplasia due to the lack of an endothelial cell layer. Modification of the PTFE in an aqueous solution is difficult because of its hydrophobicity. Herein, aiming to simultaneously promote endothelial cell affinity and antithrombogenicity, a mussel-inspired modification approach was employed to enable the grafting of various bioactive molecules like RGD and heparin. This approach involves a series of pragmatic steps including oxygen plasma treatment, dopamine (DA) coating, polyethylenimine (PEI) grafting, and RGD or RGD/heparin immobilization. Successful modification in each step was verified via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Plasma treatment increased the hydrophilicity of PTFE, thereby allowing it to be efficiently coated with dopamine. Grafting of dopamine, RGD, and heparin led to an increase in surface roughness and a decrease in water contact angle due to increased surface energy. Platelet adhesion increased after dopamine and RGD modification, but it dramatically decreased when heparin was introduced. All of these modifications, especially the incorporation of RGD, showed favorable effects on endothelial cell attachment, viability, and proliferation. Due to strong cell-substrate interactions between endothelial cells and RGD, the RGD/heparin-grafted PTFE demonstrated high endothelial cell affinity. This facile modification method is highly suitable for all hydrophobic surfaces and provides a promising technique for SDVG modification to stimulate fast endothelialization and effective antithrombosis.
Bidirectional Wavelength-Division- Self-Healing Passive Optical Network (2005)

We demonstrate a bidirectional wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) self-healing passive optical network (PON), which can provide 1+1 protection capability. In this network, self-healing can be achieved within 8 ms against any fiber cut of the feeder fiber and the distribution fiber.
Genetic reconstruction of the aerobic central metabolism in <i>Escherichia coli</i> for the absolute aerobic production of succinate (2004)

Most reported efforts to enhance production of the industrially valuable specialty chemical succinate have been done under anaerobic conditions, where E. coli undergoes mixed-acid fermentation. These efforts have often been hampered by the limitations of NADH availability, poor cell growth, and slow production. An aerobic succinate production system was strategically designed that allows E. coli to produce and accumulate succinate efficiently and substantially as a product under absolute aerobic conditions. Mutations in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (sdhAB, icd, iclR) and acetate pathways (poxB, ackA-pta) of E. coli were created to construct the glyoxylate cycle for aerobic succinate production. Experiments in flask studies showed that 14.28 mM of succinate could be produced aerobically with a yield of 0.344 mole/mole using 55 mM glucose. In aerobic batch reactor studies, succinate production rate was faster, reaching 0.5 mole/mole in 24 h with a concentration of 22.12 mM; further cultivation showed that succinate production reached 43 mM with a yield of 0.7. There was also substantial pyruvate and TCA cycle C(6) intermediate accumulation in the mutant. The results suggest that more metabolic engineering improvements can be made to this system to make aerobic succinate production more efficient. Nevertheless, this aerobic succinate production system provides the first platform for enhancing succinate production aerobically in E. coli based on the creation of a new aerobic central metabolic network.
Impact of solubility on laser tissue‐welding with albumin solid solders (2001)

Background and Objective The correlation between the solubility of solid albumin solders and their laser weld strength was investigated. Study Design/Materials and Methods Sections of dog intestine were laser welded with soluble or insoluble solid strips of solder. Two different treatments were followed for tissue soldering: “wet weld” and “dry weld.” These treatments were chosen to assess the impact of solubility on the repair strength. The laser power and radiation dose were 0.14 W and 14 J/mg, respectively. Calorimetric measures of solders were also performed. Results The moisture on the tissue partially dissolved the soluble strips at the tissue interface. Hence, the repair strength of the soluble solder was significantly stronger than the repair strength of the insoluble solder (0.22 N and 0.06 N, P < 0.0001). Temperature (∼70°C) and enthalpy variation (∼1.4 J/g) for denaturing the soluble and insoluble solders were not significantly different (P > 0.05). Conclusion The soluble solid solder behaved like dense liquid solder at the tissue interface. Hence, the interface strength of these two forms of solder should be similar. This correlation made it possible to identify an intrinsic limit for the weld strength of albumin solders. Lasers Surg. Med. 28:44–49, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Characterizing intrusion tolerant systems using a state transition model (2002)

Intrusion detection and response research has so far mostly concentrated on known and well-defined attacks. We believe that this narrow focus of attacks accounts for both the successes and limitation of commercial intrusion detection systems (IDS). Intrusion tolerance, on the other hand, is inherently tied to functions and services that require protection. This paper presents a state transition model to describe the dynamic behavior of intrusion-tolerant systems. This model provides a framework from which we can define the vulnerability and the threat set to be addressed. We also show how this model helps us to describe both known and unknown security exploits by focusing on impacts rather than specific attack procedures. By going through the exercise of mapping known vulnerabilities to this transition model, we identify a reasonably complete fault space that should be considered in a general intrusion-tolerant system.
Chronic Non-A, Non-B Hepatitis Carrier State (1980)

NON-A, non-B hepatitis is a major health problem, present in up to 89 per cent of patients with post-transfusion hepatitis1 and 25 per cent of hospitalized patients with sporadic hepatitis.2 Experimental transmission to chimpanzees of human non-A, non-B hepatitis3 4 5 6 7 and passage of an agent of non-A, non-B hepatitis to additional chimpanzees8 have demonstrated the cause to be a transmissible agent or agents and provided an animal model for further study of the disease. These studies and others have led to the development of experimental assays designed to detect antigen–antibody systems present in serum9 , 10 and liver11 associated with non-A, non-B hepatitis. . . .
Hierarchical region-of-interest detection (2006)

The objective of region-of-interest (ROI) detection is to identify portions of an image that contain targets. It is an important procedure for reducing data volume without losing important target information. The proposed algorithm aims at generating accurate representations of the ROIs such that each ROI covers one complete target. In addition, computation of the proposed algorithm is reduced by making use of information such as image resolution and approximate size of the targets. For this purpose, a multiscale, hierarchical architecture is developed. Results of the ROI detection in low-quality aerial imagery are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Temperature Measurements in a Gas-Turbine-Combustor Sector Rig Using Swept-Wavelength Absorption Spectroscopy (2009)

Gas-temperature measurements in the combustion zone of a high-pressure gas-turbine-combustor sector rig were made with a Fourier-domain mode-locked laser using wavelength-agile absorption-spectroscopy techniques. These measurements are among the first employing broadband high-resolution absorption spectroscopy in gas-turbine-engine environments. Compared with previous measurements in reciprocating engines and shock tubes, signal contamination from thermal emission was stronger in this combustor rig; methods for managing emission during experimental planning and postprocessing are discussed. H 2 O spectra spanning 1330―1380 nm (which includes the ν 1 + ν 3 and 2ν 1 overtone bands) are presented along with a method for calculating gas temperatures from the spectra. The resulting temperatures are reported for a variety of combustor conditions. These tests show promise for simple gas-turbine sensors and potential for more detailed experiments involving tomographic reconstruction or multispecies concentration measurements.
A micromachined impact microactuator driven by electrostatic force (2003)

This paper presents a novel micromachined actuator which is developed to produce precise and unlimited displacement. The actuator is driven by impact force between a silicon micro-mass and a stopper. The suspended silicon micro-mass is encapsulated between two glass plates and driven by electrostatic force. When the mass hits the stopper which is fixed on glass plates, impact force is generated to drive the whole actuator in a nano size step (∼10 nm). The overall dimension of the device is 3 mm ×3 mm. The driving voltage is 100 V and average speed is 2.7 μm/s. The total thickness is 600 μm.
Developing a Risk-scoring Model for Ankylosing Spondylitis Based on a Combination of HLA-B27, Single-nucleotide Polymorphism, and Copy Number Variant Markers (2016)

Our AS-GRS could be used to identify individuals at high risk for AS before major symptoms appear, which may improve the prognosis for them through early treatment.
Phase-resolved heterodyne shearographic vibrometer for simultaneous observations of out of plane velocity and displacement gradients (2017)

A phase-resolved heterodyne shearographic vibrometer is under development for observations of transient surface motion. The sensor utilizes frequency and polarization multiplexing with two temporal carrier frequencies to separate each segment of a shearing Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
A nonlinear theory of energy and current modulation in relativistic klystron amplifiers (1992)

A self-consistent nonlinear theory of the energy and current modulation in a relativistic electron beam propagating through a klystron amplifier is developed. A closed integro-differential equation for the beam current is obtained, assuming that the beam current is a function of time t and propagation distance z. Properties of the current and energy modulation are investigated from this integro-differential equation for a broad range of system parameters. Magnitudes of the energy and current modulation are determined in terms of the gap voltage, the cavity frequency, geometric configuration, the beam intensity and initial kinetic energy of the beam. The modulation amplitude increases, reaches peak and decreases slowly, as the beam propagates through the amplifier.
Masking curves of tinnitus (1981)

Tones were used to determine masking curves of tinnitus in 32 subjects, These masking curves were classified into four types on the basis of their relation to the subjects audiogram. Also similar audiograms were examined to determine whether they had similar masking curves. Some similarities were noted but in many cases there was no correlation between the audiogram and the masking curves, that is subjects with similar audiograms, and tinnitus sensations, might have quite different masking curves. The findings also supported previous studies where tinnitus masking curves were found to differ significantly from conventional tone-on-tone masking curves. It was also found that in some cases tinnitus sensations could not be masked with tones or noise bands.
Construction of Capsid-Modified Recombinant Bovine Adenovirus Type 3 (2007)

Adenoviruses have become a popular vehicle for gene transfer into animal and human cells. However, wide prevalence of preexisting immunity to human adenovirus (HAdV) and the promiscuous nature of the virus have made the use of nonhuman adenoviruses an attractive alternative. Moreover, readministration of viral vectors is often required to maintain therapeutic levels of transgene expression, resulting in vector-specific immune responses. Although a number of features of bovine adenovirus (BAdV)-3 make it attractive for use as a vector in human vaccination, BAdV-3 transduces nonbovine cells, including human cells, poorly. However, genetic modification of capsid proteins (e.g., fiber, pIX) has helped in increasing the utility of BAdV-3 as a vector for transducing nonbovine cells. Here, we will describe the methods used to construct recombinant BAdV-3 expressing chimeric fiber or chimeric pIX proteins.
Diagnosing peri-implant disease using the tongue as a 24/7 detector (2017)

Our ability of screening broad communities for clinically asymptomatic diseases critically drives population health. Sensory chewing gums are presented targeting the tongue as 24/7 detector allowing diagnosis by "anyone, anywhere, anytime". The chewing gum contains peptide sensors consisting of a protease cleavable linker in between a bitter substance and a microparticle. Matrix metalloproteinases in the oral cavity, as upregulated in peri-implant disease, specifically target the protease cleavable linker while chewing the gum, thereby generating bitterness for detection by the tongue. The peptide sensors prove significant success in discriminating saliva collected from patients with peri-implant disease versus clinically asymptomatic volunteers. Superior outcome is demonstrated over commercially available protease-based tests in saliva. "Anyone, anywhere, anytime" diagnostics are within reach for oral inflammation. Expanding this platform technology to other diseases in the future features this diagnostic as a massive screening tool potentially maximizing impact on population health.Early detection of gum inflammation caused by dental implants helps prevent tissue damage. Here, the authors present a peptide sensor that generates a bitter taste when cleaved by proteases present in peri-implant disease, embed it in a chewing gum, and compare the probe to existing sensors using patient saliva.
Delta (2012)

Tutorials and sample workflows for complicated, feature-rich software packages are widely available online. As a result users must differentiate between workflows to choose the most suitable one for their task. We present Delta, an interactive workflow visualization and comparison tool that helps users identify the tradeoffs between workflows. We conducted an initial study to identify the set of attributes users attend to when comparing workflows, finding that they consider result quality, their knowledge of commands, and the efficiency of the workflow. We then designed Delta to surface these attributes at three granularities: a high-level, clustered view; an intermediate-level list view that contains workflow summaries; and a low-level detail view that allows users to compare two individual workflows. Finally, we conducted an evaluation of Delta on a small corpus of 30 workflows and found that the intermediate list view provided the best information density. We conclude with thoughts on how such a workflow comparison system could be scaled up to larger corpora in the future.
Sensitive Instrument for the Study of Circular Polarization of Luminescence (1972)

A sensitive instrument is described for the measurement of the extent of circular polarization of light emitted by chiral molecules. In this instrument the intensity of the circularly polarized component of the luminescence light is selectively modulated by an electro-optic or photoelastic light modulator, while the unpolarized component of the luminescence is unaffected. The modulated light beam is detected by a photomultiplier and the ac component of the electric signal produced is amplified by a phase-sensitive amplifier tuned to the modulation frequency. The light used for the excitation of the sample and the luminescence light are monochromated. An accessory is described which produces controlled mixtures of unpolarized and circularly polarized light and thus permits calibration of the output of the instrument in terms of the degree of circular polarization of the light under examination. Signal to noise ratios of 20 have been readily obtained with luminescence which is circularly polarized to an extent of 10−3 to 10−4.
Optimizing Quantum Circuits for Arithmetic (2018)

Many quantum algorithms make use of oracles which evaluate classical functions on a superposition of inputs. In order to facilitate implementation, testing, and resource estimation of such algorithms, we present quantum circuits for evaluating functions that are often encountered in the quantum algorithm literature. This includes Gaussians, hyperbolic tangent, sine/cosine, inverse square root, arcsine, and exponentials. We use insights from classical high-performance computing in order to optimize our circuits and implement a quantum software stack module which allows to automatically generate circuits for evaluating piecewise smooth functions in the computational basis. Our circuits enable more detailed cost analyses of various quantum algorithms, allowing to identify concrete applications of future quantum computing devices. Furthermore, our resource estimates may guide future research aiming to reduce the costs or even the need for arithmetic in the computational basis altogether.
Simultaneous dual-gas QEPAS detection based on a fundamental and overtone combined vibration of quartz tuning fork (2017)

A dual-gas quartz-enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) sensor system based on a frequency division multiplexing technique of a quartz tuning fork (QTF) was developed and experimentally demonstrated. Two beams from two independently modulated lasers are focused at two different positions between the QTF prongs to excite both the QTF fundamental and 1st overtone flexural modes simultaneously. The 2f-wavelength modulation technique is employed by applying two sinusoidal dithers, whose frequencies are equal to a half of the QTF fundamental and 1st overtone frequencies, respectively, to the currents of two excitation lasers. The resonance frequency difference between two flexural modes ensures that the correlated photoacoustic signals generated by different target gases do not interfere with each other. The proposed QEPAS methodology realizes a continuous real-time dual-gas monitoring with a simple setup and small sensor size compared with previous multi-gas QEPAS sensors.
Non-invasive enhanced mid-IR imaging for real-time surgical guidance (2021)

We are developing a new IR imaging technique, enhanced thermal imaging, that can delineate blood vessels embedded in water-rich tissue in real time. The technique is a combination of thermal IR imaging (8-10 μm) and selective heating of blood (∼0.5°C) relative to surrounding water-rich tissue using LED sources (530 nm) at low powers (irradiance <500 mW/cm<sup>2</sup> ). Blood absorbs light strongly at these wavelengths, while absorption by soft tissues is lower. Illumination of tissue containing vessels with the LED heats the blood compared to surrounding tissue so that the vessels look brighter in the thermal image. In previous work, we successfully highlighted vessels embedded in porcine heart tissue and the blood-rich vascular region that is routinely targeted for surgical excision around mammary tumor masses in a murine model. However, in this earlier work the IR images were recorded, and post-acquisition processing was necessary to highlight the presence of the vascular structures. In this work, we describe recent progress in making enhanced thermal imaging a real-time technique. A porcine tissue model with simulated blood vessels and the wrist/forearms of two human subjects were imaged with a FLIR thermal camera. The frame-to-frame temporal and spatial derivatives were calculated in real-time and then used to identify regions exhibiting rapid changes in temperature, thus highlighting the structure of blood-rich regions.
A new in-situ method for measuring simultaneously coal seam gas content and permeability (2013)

This paper will describe a new method for measuring simultaneously coal seam gas content and permeability that can be performed on existing coal quality holes. The goal of the work was to provide an operational expedient and cost effective method for achieving these simultaneous measurements reliably and accurately. This reported method involves combining an established gas testing technique, based on downhole Raman spectroscopy, with an established permeability testing technique, based on open hole inflate straddle packer technology. This paper describes these two key enabling technology platforms and the means developed to facilitate simultaneous operations of both. A standard test program is also described, encompassing a review of test planning, test methods, and operational considerations required to successfully combine these measurement methods. In addition, the steps required to validate data integrity and ensure accuracy while optimising operational efficiencies are discussed. The conclusions of the work indicated that proper selection of equipment options and careful coordination of the test plans typically used for the two methods results in successful integration of the testing methods and simultaneous measurement of gas content and permeability in coal seams.
Three-dimensional fiber probe based on micro focal-length collimation and a fiber Bragg grating for the measurement of micro parts (2015)

A three-dimensional (3D) fiber probe is proposed for the measurement of micro parts. The probe is made of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) that acts as a micro focal-length cylindrical lens (MFLC-lens) of two mutually orthogonal micro focal-length collimation (MFL-collimation) optical paths. The radial displacement of the probe tip is transformed into the shift of the fringe image collimated by the MFL-collimation optical path; the axial displacement of the probe tip is transformed into the power ratio variation caused by the Bragg wavelength shift. Advantages of the probe are high precision, low cost, high measurable aspect ratio, and capability of decoupling the 3D tactility.
Epigenome-Wide Association Study Identifies Cardiac Gene Patterning and a Novel Class of Biomarkers for Heart Failure (2017)

The present study provides to our knowledge the first epigenome-wide association study in living patients with heart failure using a multi-omics approach.
Processing of aromatic thermosetting copolyesters into foams and bulk parts: characterization and mechanical properties (2016)

Fully dense sheets of aromatic thermosetting copolyester (ATSP) have been produced by blending ATSP oligomers, curing the blend to produce foam, grinding the cured material to a powder, followed by sintering of the cured powers via hot press. The resulting product possesses an excellent combination of mechanical strength and high-temperature performance to help improve part functionality, gain long-term reliability, and cost savings. Dynamic mechanical analysis of this system featured a glass transition higher than most available performance thermosets and thermoplastic polymers or reversible bonding polymer system described in literature. Compression and tensile properties of the foam and fully dense ATSP structures exceed those of most engineering polymers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.