gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Dynamic Optically Reconfigurable Gate Array (2005)

To date, we have proposed dynamic optically reconfigurable gate arrays (DORGAs), the implemented photodiodes of which serve not only as receivers but also as memory. DORGA offers the merit of easily providing a high gate count optically reconfigurable gate array (ORGA) because each reconfiguration circuit consists of only a photodiode and a refresh transistor. However, even though the fast reconfiguration capability has been confirmed as less than 6 ns, such systems have a demerit: their gate arrays can not function during reconfiguration. Consequently, reconfiguration and operation of the implemented circuit on a gate array can not be executed in parallel. Because of that fact, the dynamical reconfiguration frequency of DORGA is slow compared to those of ORGAs with latches, flip-flops, or memory. For that reason, this paper proposes a new optical reconfiguration architecture. Using it, the reconfiguration and implemented circuit operation on a gate array are executable in parallel merely by adding a pass transistor. The new design of a 476-gate-count improved DORGA using a standard 0.35 /spl mu/m three-metal CMOS process technology is also shown.
Comparison of Radar Chirp Echo Separation Algorithms in Fractional Fourier Transform Domains (2019)

The Fractional Fourier Transform (FrFT) is a powerful tool that utilizes the entire time-frequency plane (known as the Wigner Distribution) to separate signals-of-interest (SOIs) from interference, clutter, and noise in non-stationary environments. This two-dimensional space provides many more degrees of freedom than operating in the single dimensions of time or frequency alone. Usage requires estimation of the rotational parameter `a', which is typically chosen to optimize some performance criteria, such as minimizing the mean-square error between a desired SOI and its estimate. One application of great interest is in separating multiple moving radar target echoes in a cluttered and noisy environment. The FrFT is highly suited for this problem because echoes from moving targets are chirps, so at some value of `a' the chirps become tones. Over the years, many algorithms have been developed to compute `a' and then separate the target echoes. In this paper, we compare three previously proposed algorithms ([1] and [2], [16], and [15]). We show that the performance of the algorithm in [15] can more accurately compute `a' and is the simplest and most robust algorithm; the resultant root mean-square error (RMSE) between the true and estimated target echo is at least one order of magnitude better. We demonstrate this using up to three simultaneous moving targets in clutter for signal-to-clutter ratios (SCRs) from 0 to 10 dB when the weakest target is 0.25 to 10 dB below the strongest, assumed without loss of generality to be the SOI.
Fully-Reconfigurable Non-Reciprocal Bandpass Filters (2020)

This paper reports on the RF design of quasi-elliptic non-reciprocal bandpass filters (BPFs) with fully-reconfigurable transfer function. It is demonstrated that by modulating the resonant frequency of its constituent resonators, the RF signal propagation is only enabled in one direction-e.g., from port 1-to-2-whereas it is sufficiently suppressed in the reverse one. Furthermore, by varying the resonant frequency of the BPF's resonators, the transfer function in the forward direction can be tuned in terms of frequency and bandwidth (BW) and can be intrinsically switched-off. For practical demonstration purposes, a lumped-element prototype centered at 300 MHz was designed manufactured and measured. It demonstrated a 1.15:1 center frequency tuning and a 2.77:1 BW tuning range while maintaining a non-reciprocal behavior. For all tuning states, the minimum inband insertion loss in the forward direction was measured between 1.7 and 4.3 dB, whereas the isolation in the reverse direction was measured up to 30.9 dB.
A New Methodology for On Line Oil Dilution Measurement (2005)

On-line measurement of oil dilution is of particular interest in light of new environmental regulations imposed on today's high-performance engines. In particular, after-treatment devices such as diesel particle filters (DPF) need to be periodically re-generated in order to eliminate their soot content. Such re-generation process is usually performed by using post-injection cycles that can induce a transfer of fuel to the lubricant, resulting in oil dilution. Anew method was recently developed by DSi sprl and Total France for monitoring oil dilution on running engines. It is based on lubricant labelling using a new radiotracer compound, which is stable and representative of the oil distillation interval. Measurements are performed by circulating the engine oil to a measuring chamber where dilution is monitored. The method was recently applied to gasoline and diesel engines where dilution results have proven to be accurate and repeatable. These results are compared to those obtained using a conventional method: gas chromatography (GC).
Solar light active CuO/TiO<inf>2</inf> nanobelt photocatalyst for enhanced H<inf>2</inf> production (2013)

The best strategy for clean H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> production is development of efficient photocatalyst systems for water splitting into H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> and O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gases. Copper oxide deposited on 1-D TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> nanobelts (TB) tested for photocatalytic water splitting in the presence of glycerol as scavenger under natural solar light irradiation. The influence of amount of Cu-loading and effect of calcination temperature on rate of H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> production is revealed. The preliminary results evidenced that enhanced photocatalytic activity of CuO/TB (CTB) and showed 5 folds higher amount of H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> production than TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> nanoparticles. This high activity is attributed to synergic function of TiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> nanobelts and CuO as well.
Acidic liquid-swollen polymer membranes exhibiting anhydrous proton conductivity higher than 100 mS cm<sup>−1</sup> at around 100 °C (2019)

Anhydrous proton-conductive membranes are prepared by swelling cross-linked flexible basic polymers with a large amount of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub><italic>via</italic> ionic interaction.
Direction-change features of imaginary strokes for on-line handwriting character recognition (2002)

We found suitable direction-change features of the imaginary strokes in the pen-up state for online handwritten cursive character recognition. Our method simultaneously uses both directional features, otherwise known as off-line features, and direction-change features, which we designed as on-line features. Direction-change features express both written strokes in the pen-down state and unwritten imaginary strokes in the pen-up state. It is important to get suitable direction-change features when using this method. We tried to examine the influence on character recognition rates when changing the functions used to get each direction-change feature based on the imaginary stroke lengths. Then, we found that the best function is the function which puts no weight on the imaginary stroke lengths. The recognition rate for freely-written Japanese characters was improved from 82.37% to 86.32% by our new method using the best function as opposed to our old method using a function which gets each direction change feature in inverse proportion to the imaginary stroke lengths.
Beryllium-Copper and Other Beryllium-Containing Alloys (1990)

Abstract Addition of beryllium, up to about 2 wt″, produces dramatic effects in copper, nickel, aluminum, magnesium, gold, zinc, and other base metal alloys. This article provides information on the chemical composition, microstructure, heat treatment, fabrication characteristics, production steps and physical metallurgy of beryllium-copper, beryllium-nickel, and beryllium-aluminum alloy, and tabulates their mechanical, electrical and physical properties, and temper designations. It describes the important features of this alloy group, including information on safe handling. Additionally, the article presents examples of the beneficial properties of beryllium-copper alloys and quantifies some of the major reasons for their selection for particular applications.
A frequency selective atom interferometer magnetometer (2014)

In this article, we discuss the magnetic-field frequency selectivity of a time-domain interferometer based on the number and timing of intermediate pulses. We theoretically show that by adjusting the number of pulses and the -pulse timing, we can control the frequency selectivity of the interferometer to time varying and DC magnetic fields. We present experimental data demonstrating increased coherence time due to bandwidth filtering with the inclusion of a pulse between the initial and final pulses, which mitigates sensitivity to low frequency magnetic fields.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 <i>rev</i> Protein as a Negative <i>Trans</i> -Regulator (1989)

Even though the rev gene of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is essential for viral replication, high levels of rev also downregulate viral gene expression. As the degree of rev protein expression exceeds expression of wild-type virus, a gradient of decreasing viral mRNA synthesis becomes evident. The target sequence for this downregulation resides outside of trans-activating region (TAR) and upstream from the enhancer sequences in the long terminal repeat (LTR), suggesting that regulation is at a transcriptional level.
Robust Reconstruction of Building Models from Three-Dimensional Line Segments (2003)

tor has to estimate the location of hidden corners from the conThis paper presents a novel method for semi-automatically jugate images. This procedure is tedious and inefficient and constructing building models from photogrammetric 3D line has a limited accuracy, especially for connected buildings in segments of buildings, i.e., their roof edges. The method, which densely built-up areas. we call “Split-Merge-Shape” (SMS), can treat both complete Weidner (1997), Haala and Brenner (1998), and Brenner line segments as well as incomplete line segments due to image (2000) proposed the use of digital surface models (DSMS )t o reocclusions. The proposed method is comprised of five major construct 3D building models. The DSM data can be generated parts: (1) the creation of the Region of Interest (ROI) and pre- automatically using stereo-pairs, or can be obtained from airprocessing, (2) splitting the model by using the 3D line seg- borne laser scanning (Lohr, 1996). The problem is that precise ments to construct a combination of roof primitives, (3) merging buildingboundaries cannotbewell defineddue tothesegmenconnected roof primitives to complete the boundary of each tation of DSMS. Therefore, other complementary data, such as building, (4) shaping each building rooftop by connected ground plans of the building outlines, are necessary to assure coplanar analysis and coplanar fitting, and (5) quality assur- the reconstruction. This limits the practicability of the ance. The experimental results indicate that the proposed approach. method can soundly rebuild the topology from the 3D line In order to increase efficiency, Fischer et al. (1998) and segments and reconstruct building models with up to a 98
Targeted Lung Delivery of Nasally Administered Aerosols (2014)

Using the nasal route to deliver pharmaceutical aerosols to the lungs has a number of advantages including co-administration during non-invasive ventilation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and deposition characteristics of nasally administered aerosol throughout the conducting airways based on delivery with streamlined interfaces implementing two forms of controlled condensational growth technology. Characteristic conducting airways were considered including a nose-mouth-throat (NMT) geometry, complete upper tracheobronchial (TB) model through the third bifurcation (B3), and stochastic individual path (SIP) model to the terminal bronchioles (B15). Previously developed streamlined nasal cannula interfaces were used for the delivery of submicrometer particles using either enhanced condensational growth (ECG) or excipient enhanced growth (EEG) techniques. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations predicted aerosol transport, growth and deposition for a control (4.7 μm) and three submicrometer condensational aerosols with budesonide as a model insoluble drug. Depositional losses with condensational aerosols in the cannula and NMT were less than 5% of the initial dose, which represents an order-of-magnitude reduction compared to the control. The condensational growth techniques increased the TB dose by a factor of 1.1-2.6x, delivered at least 70% of the dose to the alveolar region, and produced final aerosol sizes ≥2.5 μm. Compared to multiple commercial orally inhaled products, the nose-to-lung delivery approach increased dose to the biologically important lower TB region by factors as large as 35x. In conclusion, nose-to-lung delivery with streamlined nasal cannulas and condensational aerosols was highly efficient and targeted deposition to the lower TB and alveolar regions.
A real-time volume rendering architecture using an adaptive resampling scheme for parallel and perspective projections (1998)

Article Free Access Share on A real-time volume rendering architecture using an adaptive resampling scheme for parallel and perspective projections Authors: Masato Ogata Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 BRoadway, Cambridge, MA Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 BRoadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , TakaHide Ohkami Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MA Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 Broadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Hugh C. Lauer Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 BRoadway, Cambridge, MA Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 BRoadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile , Hanspeter Pfister Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 BRoadway, Cambridge, MA Mitsubishi Electric Information Technology Center America, 201 BRoadway, Cambridge, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims VVS '98: Proceedings of the 1998 IEEE symposium on Volume visualizationOctober 1998 Pages 31–38https://doi.org/10.1145/288126.288146Online:01 October 1998Publication History 2citation335DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations2Total Downloads335Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Low complexity System-on-Chip architectures of Parallel-Residue-Compensation in CDMA systems (2004)

In this paper, we propose a novel multi-stage Parallel-Residue-Compensation (PRC) receiver architecture for enhanced suppression of the MAI in CDMA systems. We extract the commonality to avoid direct Interference Cancellation and reduce the algorithm complexity from O(K/sup 2/N) to O(KN). In the second part, scalable VLSI architectures are implemented in an FPGA prototyping system with an efficient Precision-C based System-on-Chip (SOC) design methodology. The design of Sum-Sub-MUX Unit (SMU) combinational logic avoids the usage of dedicated multipliers with at least 10 X saving in hardware resources. The most area/timing efficient design only uses areas similar to the most area-constrained architecture but gives at least 4 X speedup over a conventional design.
Temperature compensated miniature all-glass fibre optic pressure sensor (2011)

In this paper the low pressure response and resolution of a temperature compensated miniature all-glass Fibre Optic Pressure Sensor (FOPS) is evaluated. The active temperature compensation of a diaphragm based all-silica Extrinsic Fabry Perot Interferometric (EFPI) FOPS is established by encapsulating a Fibre Bragg Grating (FBG) within the EFPI cavity. The evaluation is performed by using an extended White Light Interrogation (WLI) system. Due to its several advantages the reported FOPS has already been successfully applied in measuring pressure in an exhaust system of a vehicle as well as in a simulated geothermal well.
Production of Inductively-Coupled Large-Diameter Plasmas with Internal Antenna (1999)

Large-diameter RF plasmas at 13.56 MHz have been produced by inductive coupling of an internal-type antenna in a discharge chamber of 400 mm diameter and 200 mm height. For minimization of the electrostatic coupling, (i) a double half-loop antenna of 360 mm diameter was employed for the reduction of antenna inductance and (ii) the antenna conductor was terminated by the insertion of a blocking capacitor to satisfy the impedance balance condition where the RF-voltage amplitude could be minimized to 1/2 the terminal voltage. The plasma source could be operated stably at RF input powers of up to 3 kW to attain plasma densities as high as 10 12 cm -3 at Ar pressures around 1 Pa. Furthermore, (iii) full covering of the antenna conductor with an insulator tubing exhibited a significant effect on the suppression of the electrostatic coupling with simultaneous achievement of plasma densities as high as 5×10 11 cm -3 .
Splitter Imperfections in Annular Split-Flow Thin Separation Channels:  Experimental Study of Nonspecific Crossover (2003)

The separation performance of a split-flow thin (SPLITT) separation device depends on uniformity of channel thickness and the precise placement of the flow splitters at fixed distances between the channel walls. The observation of nonspecific crossover, that is, the transport of sample materials across the channel thickness without the influence of an applied field, has routinely been taken to indicate the presence of irregularities in splitter shape or placement. Computational fluid dynamics software may be used to predict the influence of splitter imperfections on nonspecific crossover, where it is assumed that sample transport is by convection alone. A previous study has shown how small inlet splitter imperfections can account for the relatively low levels of nonspecific crossover observed with typical annular SPLITT devices. This study, however, could not distinguish between the possible sources of nonspecific crossover; hydrodynamic lift or shear-induced diffusion could have contributed. To confirm the validity of the computational approach, a series of experiments has been carried out on a channel having a deliberately and severely bent splitter. Nonspecific crossover was measured for a range of inlet and outlet flow rate ratios, with the bent splitter placed at both the channel inlet and outlet. The severity of the splitter distortion was sufficient to produce significant nonspecific crossover over a wide range of flow conditions. Good agreement was found between experiment and prediction based on computational fluid dynamics, with experiment generally showing only slightly higher crossover than prediction. The quantitative agreement for this extreme case suggests that the contribution to nonspecific crossover due to geometrical imperfections can be well described using computational fluid dynamics.
Thermoelectric Materials: Carbon‐Nanotube‐Based Thermoelectric Materials and Devices (Adv. Mater. 11/2018) (2018)

Carbon-based thermoelectric materials are attractive due to their use of nontoxic materials, their solution-based processing, and their high specific energy (i.e., W g−1). In article number 1704386, Jeffrey L. Blackburn, Andrew J. Ferguson, Chungyeon Cho, and Jaime C. Grunlan review these organic thermoelectric materials, which offer the opportunity to produce wearable devices that can recycle body heat. The image, created by photographer Igor Kraguljac, shows a real nanotube-based thermoelectric device using body heat as the source to generate the voltage needed to power a lightbulb. Although this is a real working device, the image shown is a dramatization.
Uncovered Background Prediction in Interframe Coding (1985)

Various interframe coding methods have been devised to reduce the cost of television signal transmission. Some degradation still remains, however, because prediction efficiency is lowered in uncovered background areas which appear behind moving objects. This paper proposes an uncovered background predictive coding algorithm, which increases prediction efficiency. Prediction efficiency is evaluated by using a simple signal model and real television signals. Experimental results show that the information generation rate is reduced to 78 percent as compared to that of previous frame predictive coding when the displacement is 10 pels/frame.
Tissue engineering of functional heart valves : a strain-based approach (2004)

Materials and methods Stented heart valve scaffolds were prepared from a nonwoven PGA mesh, coated with P4HB [Fig. 1]. Human saphenous vein cells were seeded onto the scaffolds using fibrin as a cell carrier [3]. During tissue culturing, static strains are induced due to tissue contraction constrained by the stent. Additional strains are induced by applying a dynamic pressure difference over the valve in custom-built bioreactor systems [Fig. 2].
Photoluminescent Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Fingerprint Detection (2000)

Abstract The concept of utilizing photoluminescent semiconductor nanocrystals for latent fingerprint detection, especially in concert with phase-resolved imaging for background fluorescence suppression, is reduced to practice with CdS nanocrystals that are capped with dioctyl sulfosuccinate. The nanocrystals are dissolved in heptane or hexane and are applied in much the same way as staining with fluorescent dye, on articles that have been pre-fumed with cyanoacrylate ester and also on the sticky side of electrical tape without pre-fuming. Since CdS can form a photoluminescent nanocomposite with dendrimers, a feasibility examination of dendrimer tagging of fingerprints has also been conducted.
Ultrasensitive Plasmonic Detection of Molecules with Graphene (2016)

Graphene plasmons can couple with vibrations in both extended and local systems, for example, phonons in polar crystals and molecular vibrations in polymers. These interactions are characterized by plasmon-induced transparency features within the plasmon infrared absorption profile. Detection enhancement made possible by graphene-based plasmon-induced transparency has been demonstrated in both polymer and protein films and has shown to offer superior detection capabilities compared to conventional metal dipole plasmonic sensors. Here, we demonstrate the detection of molecular vibrations in minute, residual molecular quantities of solid- and gas-phase molecules down to 50 zeptomol/μm2 using graphene plasmonic sensing platforms. Plasmon-induced transparency enhancement is shown to be sensitive to both the specific molecular coordination of the measured vibrations and to the distribution of modes within the measured vibrational bands. This work could lead to the development of functionalization-free, chemical-specific, large-area, signal-enhancement platforms for infrared spectroscopy.