gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Construction of 2.45GHz Microwave Plasma Source at Atmospheric Pressure (2011)

In this paper, we have designed and constructed the simple microwave plasma source (MPS) at atmospheric pressure in laboratory scale. A 2.45 GHz magnetron tube from a commercial microwave oven was utilized as the microwave source. Two types of MPS system were presented. MPS type I consists of magnetron tube connected to waveguide, a 3-stub tuner, a simple plasma torch region and a shot plunger. The MPS type II consists of magnetron tube and a tapered waveguide. The magnetron power supply for these systems was constructed. The measurement of the microwave power output was obtained by using calorimetric method. We can easily generate plasma at atmospheric pressure with argon as a plasma gas by using an auxiliary igniter. The plasma system is simple, compact and economical.
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3-IIIc mediates colorectal cancer growth and migration (2010)

Our data show that FGFR3-IIIc exerts oncogenic functions by mediating FGF18 effects in colorectal cancer and may constitute a promising new target for therapeutic interventions.
Production Techniques for 3D Printed Inflatable Elastomer Structures: Part I—Fabricating Air-Permeable Forms and Coating with Inflatable Silicone Membranes via Spray Deposition (2018)

This article is the first in a two-part series describing a process for conformal three-dimensional (3D) printing on to inflatable substrates. Details for fabricating seamless, tubular elastomeric membranes by spray deposition on a double-curved air-permeable mandrel are presented in Part I. The mandrels are created by casting gypsum into a desired form, and they are made permeable by applying pressurized air to the central core of the gypsum body during its crystallization phase. The membranes—in this case made from silicone—are created by spray deposition onto the mandrel by using a constant surface angular velocity approach. These membranes are inflated so as to impart mechanical pre-strain in the rubber by stretching. The techniques described are particularly suited to the fabrication of 3D printed pneumatic artificial muscles and dielectric elastomer actuators. They can also be used to create removable substrates on which a 3D print can be extruded, or alternatively integrated into a four-dimensional print where varying levels of mechanical strain can be distributed through the various printed layers. Uses for the techniques described include soft robotics, stretchable electronics, biomechanical implants, and custom bioreactors, particularly when combined with direct ink writing techniques.
C–C and C–X coupling reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles using copper catalysis (2020)

Transition metal-catalysed cross-coupling reactions are widely used for construction of carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. However, compared to aryl or alkenyl electrophiles, the cross-coupling of unactivated alkyl electrophiles containing β hydrogens remains a challenge. Over the past few years, the use of suitable ligands such as bulky phosphines or N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) has enabled reactions of unactivated alkyl electrophiles not only limited to the traditional cross-coupling with Grignard reagents, but also including a diverse range of organic transformations via either S<sub>N</sub>2 or radical pathways. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent development in copper-catalysed C-C, C-N, C-B, C-Si and C-F bond-forming reactions using unactivated alkyl electrophiles.
The History of Information Retrieval Research (2012)

This paper describes a brief history of the research and development of information retrieval systems starting with the creation of electromechanical searching devices, through to the early adoption of computers to search for items that are relevant to a user's query. The advances achieved by information retrieval researchers from the 1950s through to the present day are detailed next, focusing on the process of locating relevant information. The paper closes with speculation on where the future of information retrieval lies.
Compression of medical images using MRP with bi-directional prediction and histogram packing (2016)

Medical imaging technology has become essential for the improvement of medical practice. This led to advances in the technology, namely in image sampling resolutions, pixel bit-depth and inter slice resolution. Additionally, common use of medical images, the life expectancy of patients and legal restrictions led to increasing storage costs. Therefore, efficient compression of medical image data is in high demand, for archiving and transmission. In this work we propose to improve the compression efficiency of the Minimum Rate Predictors lossless encoder, by adding bi-directional prediction support and a histogram packing technique. The results show that the proposed method presents a higher compression efficiency than state-of-the-art HEVC encoder. The compression efficiency is improved by 20%, on average, when compared to HEVC and by 46.1% when compared with the original MRP algorithm.
Consciousness in human and robot minds. (2009)

The best reason for believing that robots might some day become conscious is that we human beings are conscious, and we are a sort of robot ourselves. That is, we are extraordinarily complex self-controlling, self-sustaining physical mechanisms, designed over the eons by natural selection, and operating according to the same well-understood principles that govern all the other physical processes in living things: digestive and metabolic processes, self-repair and reproductive processes, for instance. It may be wildly over-ambitious to suppose that human artificers can repeat Nature's triumph, with variations in material, form, and design process, but this is not a deep objection. It is not as if a conscious machine contradicted any fundamental laws of nature, the way a perpetual motion machine does. Still, many skeptics believe--or in any event want to believe--that it will never be done. I wouldn't wager against them, but my reasons for skepticism are mundane, economic reasons, not theoretical reasons.
Metal-NHC complexes: a survey of anti-cancer properties (2009)

New weapons to fight cancer are constantly needed. Among chemotherapeutics, anti-cancer metal-drugs have enjoyed a long and successful history since the discovery of the benchmark cisplatin. Advances in metal-drug discovery have motivated chemists to build plethora of complex structures. Among them, a novel area is emerging. This article presents a survey of the metal-N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (Ag(I), Au(I), Pd(II) and Cu(I)-NHCs) as potential anti-cancer agents. Most of the metal-NHCs considered display higher cytotoxicities than the reference metallo-drug cisplatin. Some of them are even selective for particular cell lines. Their mechanisms of action at the cellular level are further discussed, showing that the nature of the metal is of great importance. All these promising results demonstrate that this approach deserves more attention and work.
Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard: Visual QuickStart Guide (2009)

The latest update of this best-selling Visual QuickStart Guide will have you up and running in no time with Snow Leopard, the fastest and most reliable version of the Mac OS X ever. Respected, best-selling author Maria Langer will take you through all of Mac OS X's groundbreaking capabilities and new features. With plenty of screenshots to clearly illustrate techniques, this reasonably priced guide is a great reference to the essentials of Mac OS X 10.6 Snow Leopard.Get up and running in no time with the best-selling Visual QuickStart guides. The key to their worldwide popularity: concise, step-by-step explanations of core tools and techniques in a task-based reference format, with plenty of screenshots to keep you on track as you work.
Cortical Brain Stimulation: A Potential Therapeutic Agent for Upper Limb Motor Recovery Following Stroke (2007)

There is emerging interest in the use of cortical electrical stimulation as a novel physical agent for the treatment of upper limb motor impairment after stroke. Evidence from animal models suggests that both motor learning and cortical stimulation alter intracortical inhibitory circuits and can facilitate long-term potentiation and cortical remodeling. This article reviews current research on the physiology and use of cortical stimulation animal models and in humans with stroke related hemiplegia. Both transcranial cortical stimulation techniques and targeted epidural cortical stimulation are discussed in detail.
Humidity switching properties of sensors based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/polyvinyl alcohol composite films (2013)

ABSTRACT Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were used as the conductive filler of composites for switching type humidity sensor. The CNTs were oxidized by mixed acids (H 2 SO 4 : HNO 3 ) at a mild temperature to modify carboxylic acid (COOH) groups on the surface of the nanotubes. The dispersibility of acid treated CNTs (CNTs‐COOH) in water is much improved, which is beneficial for dispersing CNTs in the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix without external additives. The obtained CNTs‐COOH/PVA sensors show nonlinear response to relative humidity (RH), that is, switching properties. The resistances of the sensors remain constant before 80% relative humidity (RH) and then increase sharply with RH, indicating excellent switching characteristic of the sensors. The 10 wt % CNTs‐COOH/PVA sensor shows a sensitivity (ΔR/Ro) of 32.3 at 100% RH. The humidity switching properties of CNTs‐COOH/PVA are much better than that of pristine CNTs/PVA. The improvements are attributed to the improved balance between the dispersibility of CNTs‐COOH and electrical conductivity of the composite films. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39726.
Telemedicine and Teledermatology (I): Concepts and Applications (2008)

Telemedicine refers to the use of telecommunications technology to provide health care and medical information. The practice of medicine--and dermatology in particular--is undergoing a great upheaval due to advances in information technology. This article briefly reviews the origin, development, applications, benefits, methodology, and components of telemedicine. Specifically, we will analyze the types and applications of teledermatology, paying particular attention to technical, organizational, and legal aspects.
Long-range restriction map of the terminal part of the short arm of the human X chromosome. (1990)

The terminal part of the short arm of the human X chromosome has been mapped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The map, representing the distal two-thirds of Xp22.3 spans a total of 10,000 kilobases (kb) from Xpter to the DXS143 locus. A comparison with linkage data indicates that 1 centimorgan (cM) in this region corresponds to about 600 kb. CpG islands were essentially concentrated in the 1500 kb immediately proximal to the pseudoautosomal boundary. Several loci, including the gene encoding steroid sulfatase (STS) and the loci for the X-linked recessive form of chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX) and for Kallmann syndrome (KAL) have been placed relative to the Xp telomere. CDPX is located between 2650 and 5550 kb from Xpter, and STS is located between 7250 and 7830 kb from Xpter. KAL maps to an interval of 350 kb between 8600 and 8950 kb from the telomere. The X-chromosomal breakpoints of a high proportion of XX males resulting from X-Y interchange cluster to a 920-kb region proximal and close to the pseudoautosomal boundary.
Guidelines for Ultrasonic Cement-Sheath Evaluation (1992)

Summary The primary objective of cement-sheath evaluation devices is to define the presence of set cement in the annulus, regardless of its density, compressive strength, or quality. Accepting the premise that any set cement in the annulus with a compressive strength greater than 0 psi cannot be replaced by squeeze cementing emphasizes the necessity of recognizing ultralow-compressive-strength cement (&lt; 100 psi) from cement-sheath evaluation devices. Typically, most bond logging instruments cannot define satisfactorily the presence of these generally low-density, low-compressive-strength cements (such as foamed cement, cements filled with sponge-like microspheres, cements containing hydrogen for control of annular influx, or any cement contaminated with gas percolation). The ultrasonic cement evaluation instruments can define these gas contaminated, unset, or low-quality cements, provided the computing parameters are set and the tools calibrated correctly. This paper provides the mechanisms and data required to calibrate the ultrasonic cement evaluation devices correctly and the correct computing parameters for cement-sheath evaluation. Correct interpretation of the cement quality and quantity in the annulus permits the formulation of intelligent annular squeeze decisions.
Investigation of high-k/metal gate MOS capacitors annealed by microwave annealing as a post-metal annealing process (2016)

MOSFETs with high-k and metal gate materials have been adopted nowadays. However, using traditional rapid thermal annealing as the annealing process after metal deposition causes thick SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> inter-layers and large flat-band shift. For future processes, an alternative post-metal annealing method has to be found. This study investigated electrical characteristics and physical properties of TiN/Al/TiN/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si MOS capacitors annealed with a microwave annealing technique. The results show that samples annealed by microwave annealing at 2700W demonstrate low equivalent oxide thickness, low interface states density and low oxide trapped charge density. Besides, the diffusion of Al into oxides films is also suppressed. As a result, for high-k/metal gate MOS capacitors, high oxide capacitance, high breakdown voltage and low leakage current can be obtained using microwave annealing.
Enantioselective Reduction of the Sulfoxide to Sulfide in Methyl Phenyl Sulfoxide by Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase from<i>Rhodobacter sphaeroides</i>f. s. denitrificans (1994)

Journal Article Enantioselective Reduction of the Sulfoxide to Sulfide in Methyl Phenyl Sulfoxide by Dimethyl Sulfoxide Reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. s. denitrificans Get access Mitsuru Abo, Mitsuru Abo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Makoto Tachibana, Makoto Tachibana Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Akira Okubo, Akira Okubo Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sunao Yamazaki Sunao Yamazaki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, Volume 58, Issue 3, 1 January 1994, Pages 596–597, https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.58.596 Published: 01 January 1994 Article history Received: 15 October 1993 Published: 01 January 1994
QuickSelect: history-based selection expansion (2009)

When editing a graphical document, it is common to apply a change to multiple items at once, and a variety of tools exist for selecting sets of items. However, directly selecting large sets can sometimes be cumbersome and repetitive. We propose a method for helping users reuse complex selections by expanding the set of currently selected items. We analyze a document's operation history to determine which items have been frequently edited together. When the user requests it, items that have been previously edited with the current selection can be added to it. The new selection can then be manipulated like any other selection. This approach does not require a semantic model of the document or relations between items. Rather, each expansion is based on what the user has done so far to create the document. We demonstrate this approach in the context of vector graphics editing. Results from a pilot study were encouraging. Reusing selections with pre-existing histories, users were more efficient at editing tasks with our QuickSelect tool. Subjective preferences from a usability study in a free drawing context indicate that selection expansion is easy for users to learn and to apply.
Monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension correlates with upregulation of connective tissue growth factor expression in the lung (2005)

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by structural and functional changes in the lung including proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and excessive collagen synthesis. Although connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is known to promote cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, and extracellular matrix production in various tissues, studies on the role of CTGF in pulmonary hypertension have been limited. Here, we examined CTGF expression in the lung tissues of male Sprague Dawley rats treated with monocrotaline (MCT, 60 microg/kg), a pneumotoxic agent known to induce PH in animals. Establishment of PH was verified by the significantly increased right ventricular systolic pressure and right ventricle/left ventricle weight ratio in the MCT-treated rats. Histological examination of the lung revealed profound muscular hypertrophy in the media of pulmonary artery and arterioles in MCT-treated group. Lung parenchyma, vein, and bronchiole did not appear to be affected. RT-PCR analysis of the lung tissue at 5 weeks indicated significantly increased expression of CTGF in the MCT-treated group. In situ hybridization studies also confirmed abundant CTGF mRNA expression in VSMCs of the arteries and arterioles, clustered pneumocytes, and infiltrated macrophages. Interestingly, CTGF mRNA was not detected in VSMCs of vein or bronchiole. In saline-injected control, basal expression of CTGF was seen in bronchial epithelial cells, alveolar lining cells, and endothelial cells. Taken together, our results suggest that CTGF upregulation in arterial VSMC of the lung might be important in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension. Antagonizing the role of CTGF could thus be one of the potential approaches for the treatment of PH.
Designs for optical cloaking with high-order transformations (2008)

Recent advances in metamaterial research have provided us a blueprint for realistic cloaking capabilities, and it is crucial to develop practical designs to convert concepts into real-life devices. We present two structures for optical cloaking based on high-order transformations for TM and TE polarizations respectively. These designs are possible for visible and infrared wavelengths. This critical development builds upon our previous work on nonmagnetic cloak designs and high-order transformations.
Silicon interference filters and Bragg reflectors for active and passive integrated optoelectronic components (1999)

Porous silicon (PSi) multilayer structures are used in Si- based optoelectronic devices which exhibit interesting optical and electrical properties. Integration of these structure can be achieved either passively or actively. Passive elements include high reflectivity mirrors and optical filters with a maximum reflectivity peak approximately 100%. The benefit of adding a multilayer mirror below a luminescent PSi film is to reduce the amount of light absorbed by the silicon substrate and increase the light output. Placing two multilayer mirrors in between a highly luminescent PSi film creates an active microcavity resonator structure in which a significant photoluminescence and electroluminescence line narrowing (FWHM less than or equal to 20 nm) is observed. A detailed study on the passive and active roles of PSi multilayer structures is presented in a device configuration.
Deletion of GPI7, a Yeast Gene Required for Addition of a Side Chain to the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Core Structure, Affects GPI Protein Transport, Remodeling, and Cell Wall Integrity (1999)

Gpi7 was isolated by screening for mutants defective in the surface expression of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) proteins. Gpi7 mutants are deficient in YJL062w, herein named GPI7. GPI7 is not essential, but its deletion renders cells hypersensitive to Calcofluor White, indicating cell wall fragility. Several aspects of GPI biosynthesis are disturbed in Deltagpi7. The extent of anchor remodeling, i.e. replacement of the primary lipid moiety of GPI anchors by ceramide, is significantly reduced, and the transport of GPI proteins to the Golgi is delayed. Gpi7p is a highly glycosylated integral membrane protein with 9-11 predicted transmembrane domains in the C-terminal part and a large, hydrophilic N-terminal ectodomain. The bulk of Gpi7p is located at the plasma membrane, but a small amount is found in the endoplasmic reticulum. GPI7 has homologues in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans, and man, but the precise biochemical function of this protein family is unknown. Based on the analysis of M4, an abnormal GPI lipid accumulating in gpi7, we propose that Gpi7p adds a side chain onto the GPI core structure. Indeed, when compared with complete GPI lipids, M4 lacks a previously unrecognized phosphodiester-linked side chain, possibly an ethanolamine phosphate. Gpi7p contains significant homology with phosphodiesterases suggesting that Gpi7p itself is the transferase adding a side chain to the alpha1,6-linked mannose of the GPI core structure.
An Iterative Closest Points Algorithm for Registration of 3D Laser Scanner Point Clouds with Geometric Features (2017)

The Iterative Closest Points (ICP) algorithm is the mainstream algorithm used in the process of accurate registration of 3D point cloud data. The algorithm requires a proper initial value and the approximate registration of two point clouds to prevent the algorithm from falling into local extremes, but in the actual point cloud matching process, it is difficult to ensure compliance with this requirement. In this paper, we proposed the ICP algorithm based on point cloud features (GF-ICP). This method uses the geometrical features of the point cloud to be registered, such as curvature, surface normal and point cloud density, to search for the correspondence relationships between two point clouds and introduces the geometric features into the error function to realize the accurate registration of two point clouds. The experimental results showed that the algorithm can improve the convergence speed and the interval of convergence without setting a proper initial value.