gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic Clustering for Self-Organizing Grids (2006)

Computational grids have not scaled effectively due to administrative hurdles to resource and user participation. Most production grids are essentially multi-site supercomputer centers, rather than truly open and heterogeneous sets of resources that can join and leave dynamically, and that can provide support for an equally dynamic set of users. Large-scale grids containing individual resources with more autonomy about when and how they join and leave will require self-organizing grid middleware services that do not require centralized administrative control. This paper considers one such service, namely the dynamic discovery of high-performance variable-size clusters of grid nodes. A brute force approach to the problem of identifying these "ad-hoc clusters" would require excessive overhead in terms of both message exchange and computation. Therefore, we propose a scalable solution that uses a delay-based overlay structure to organize nodes based on their proximity to one another, using a small number of delay experiments. This overlay can then be used to provide a variable-size set of promising candidate nodes than can then be used as a cluster, or tested further to improve the selection. Simulation results show that this approach results in effective clustering with acceptable overhead
Broad resistance to plant viruses in transgenic plants conferred by antisense inhibition of a host gene essential in S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation reactions. (1995)

S-Adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) is a key enzyme in transmethylation reactions that use S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Because of the importance of SAHH in a number of S-adenosylmethionine-dependent transmethylation reactions, particularly the 5' capping of mRNA during viral replication, SAHH has been considered as a target of potential antiviral agents against animal viruses. To test the possibility of engineering a broad type of resistance to plant viruses, we expressed the antisense RNA for tobacco SAHH in transgenic tobacco plants. As expected, transgenic plants constitutively expressing an anti-sense SAHH gene showed resistance to infection by various plant viruses. Among those plants, about half exhibited some level of morphological change (typically stunting). Analysis of the physiological change in those plants showed that they contained excess levels of cytokinin. Because cytokinin has been found to induce acquired resistance, there is also a strong possibility that the observed resistance was induced by cytokinin.
<title>Spectral transillumination of human breast tissue</title> (1995)

By transilluminating human tissue in vivo in the visible and near-IR regions, specific information can be obtained in utilizing both the scattering and the absorbing properties of light. Different compositions of fatty, fibrous, glandular, and muscular tissues are associated with different optical parameters (reduced scattering and absorption coefficients). To characterize human breast tissue in vivo, measurements were carried out in a clinical environment. Thus the tissues, which showed a variety of pathalogical alteration, where measured in patients with different age, different breast size, in varying locations in the breast. The results indicate that other characteristics beyond the pure detection of the amount of blood in the neovascular network, in particular the volume concentrations of water and fat, seem to be important for the discrimination. In order to quantify this observation, an analytical model was developed that takes the volume percentages of fat and water, the concentration and oxygenation of hemoglobin, and the relevant optical coefficients into account. The in vivo spectra could be fitted in all cases. Typical results will be discussed and preliminary statistical correlations presented.
Robust geometrically invariant features for two-dimensional shape matching and three-dimensional face recognition (2006)

Invariant features play a key role in object and pattern recognition studies. Features that are invariant to geometrical transformations offer succinct representations of underlying objects so that they can be reliably identified. 
In this dissertation, we introduce a family of novel invariant features based on Cartan's theory of moving frames. We call these new features summation invariants. Compared to existing invariant features, summation invariants are inherently numerically stable, and do not require computationally complex numerical integrations or analytical representations of underlying data. We develop robust methods for extracting summation invariants from sampled 2D contours and 3D surfaces. We further apply these new invariant features to 2D and 3D object recognition problems. 
In an application to a 2D shape recognition problem, we compare the performance of the proposed 2D contour summation invariant features with that of integral invariant features as well as wavelet invariant features. We observe marked performance enhancement achieved by the new summation invariant features. 
The summation invariant features are also successfully applied to 3D face recognition applications. We propose robust methods to extract summation invariant features based on 2D contours and 3D shapes of given facial range images. We further work out an optimal feature selection and decision fusion method to select the most discriminating invariant features. The same method also facilitates the development of a multi-region face recognition method that achieves higher performance than using a monolithic facial image. To validate the proposed novel 3D face recognition algorithms, we test them on the Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC) version 2 dataset with a data corpus of more than 50,000 facial images. The multi-region summation-invariant algorithm outperforms the best results in the recent FRGC report. 
To conclude, we introduce a systematic approach for constructing robust geometrically invariant features. The proposed features provide improved accuracy and are applicable to a wide range of pattern recognition applications. These are versatile features that can be adapted to an engineer's choice of transformation group, such as rigid, affine, or similarity transformation group, to mention a few.
A Content-Based Music Similarity Function (2001)

We present a method to compare songs based solely on their audio content. Our technique forms a signature for each song based on K-means clustering of spectral features. The signatures can then be compared using the Earth Mover&apos;s Distance [14] which allows comparison of histograms with disparate bins. Preliminary objective and subjective results on a database of over 8000 songs are encouraging. For 20 songs judged by two users, on average 2.5 out of the top 5 songs returned were judged similar. We also found that our measure is robust to simple corruption of the audio signal and that meaningful visualizations of the data are possible using this similarity measure.
Image Processing Algorithm for Apple Defect Detection (1989)

ABSTRACT AN algorithm for processing grey level images from a line scan camera of near-infrared reflectance from an apple surface for bruised tissue detection is presented. The image data is filtered to remove interference due to pixel-to-pixel variations in the camera and background noise and is thresholded to separate possible bruise tissue from the rest of the apple tissue in the image. Clusters of black pixels (grey level = 0) in the resulting binary image that are representative of potential bruises are analyzed to determine their size and shape. If the shape of the cluster is nearly circular, it is determined to be a bruise. From this information, the amount of bruise area on the fuit may be determined, and the fruit graded. Grey level images of other defects including scab, bird pecks, russeting, hail damage and cuts were examined. Scab, bird pecks and hail damage could be discriminated in the line scan image by the lower grey level of these areas in the unprocessed image..
Lactobacillus apinorum sp. nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. nov., isolated from the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera (2014)

We previously discovered a symbiotic lactic acid bacterial (LAB) microbiota in the honey stomach of the honeybee Apis mellifera. The microbiota was composed of several phylotypes of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses and phenotypic and genetic characteristics revealed that the phylotypes isolated represent seven novel species. One grouped with Lactobacillus kunkeei and the others belong to the Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subgroups of Lactobacillus. We propose the names Lactobacillus apinorum sp. nov., Lactobacillus mellifer sp. nov., Lactobacillus mellis sp. nov., Lactobacillus melliventris sp. nov., Lactobacillus kimbladii sp. nov., Lactobacillus helsingborgensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus kullabergensis sp. nov. for these novel species, with the respective type strains being Fhon13N(T) ( = DSM 26257(T) = CCUG 63287(T)), Bin4N(T) ( = DSM 26254(T) = CCUG 63291(T)), Hon2N(T) ( = DSM 26255(T) = CCUG 63289(T)), Hma8N(T) ( = DSM 26256(T) = CCUG 63629(T)), Hma2N(T) ( = DSM 26263(T) = CCUG 63633(T)), Bma5N(T) ( = DSM 26265(T) = CCUG 63301(T)) and Biut2N(T) ( = DSM 26262(T) = CCUG 63631(T)).
Mesostructured zeolite Y—high hydrothermal stability and superior FCC catalytic performance (2012)

Controlled mesoporosity is successfully introduced into zeolite Y crystals through a surfactant templating approach. The mesoporous zeolite shows superb hydrothermal stability in the resulting mesostructure, while retaining strong acidity. Fluid catalytic cracking catalysts made from the mesostructured Y zeolites demonstrate significant improvement in product selectivity as a result of reduced limitation in reactant and product diffusion.
Electromagnetic and Mechanical Analysis of an Origami Helical Antenna Encapsulated by Fabric (2019)

Abstract In this work an origami based helical antenna is electromagnetically and mechanically analyzed and tested. The Kresling pattern is used to accommodate the helical nature of the antenna design. First, a mechanical analysis is performed showing that by increasing the number of the sides, the structure becomes more stable and it is easier to fold. An 8-sided design is chosen based on our results. The electromagnetic analysis of the antenna shows that it achieves a realized gain of 8.1 dB and that is circularly polarized. The antenna is fabricated and tested. Our results exhibit very good agreement between simulations and measurements.
Occluder Simplification Using Planar Sections (2013)

Abstract We present a method for extreme occluder simplification. We take a triangle soup as input, and produce a small set of polygons with closely matching occlusion properties. In contrast to methods that optimize the original geometry, our algorithm has very few requirements for the input— specifically, the input does not need to be a watertight, two‐manifold mesh. This robustness is achieved by working on a well‐behaved, discretized representation of the input instead of the original, potentially badly structured geometry. We first formulate the algorithm for individual occluders, and further introduce a hierarchy for handling large, complex scenes.
Dragon: Scalable, Flexible, and Efficient Traffic Engineering in Software Defined ISP Networks (2018)

To optimize network cost, performance, and reliability, SDN advocates for centralized traffic engineering (TE) that enables more efficient path and egress point selection as well as bandwidth allocation. In this paper, we argue SDN-based TE for ISP networks can be very challenging. First, ISP networks often are very large in size, imposing significant scalability challenges to the centralized TE. Second, ISP networks usually have diverse types of links, switches, and cost models, leading to a complex combination of optimizations. Third, ISP networks not only have many choices of internal paths but also include rich selections of egress points and interdomain routes, unlike cloud/enterprise networks. To overcome these challenges, we present a novel TE application framework, called Dragon, for existing SDN control planes. To address the scalability challenge, Dragon consists of hierarchical and recursive TE algorithms and mechanisms that divide flow optimization problems into subtasks and execute them in parallel. Further, Dragon allows ISPs to express diverse objectives for different parts of their network. Finally, we extend Dragon to jointly optimize the selection of intradomain and interdomain paths. Using extensive evaluation on real topologies and prototyping with SDN controller and switches, we demonstrate that Dragon outperforms existing TE methods both in speed and optimality.
Software system performance debugging with kernel events feature guidance (2014)

To diagnose performance problems in production systems, many OS kernel-level monitoring and analysis tools have been proposed. Using low level kernel events provides benefits in efficiency and transparency to monitor application software. On the other hand, such approaches miss application-specific semantic information which can be effective to differentiate the trace patterns from distinct application logic. This paper introduces new trace analysis techniques based on event features to improve kernel event based performance diagnosis tools. Our prototype, AppDiff, is based on two analysis features: system resource features convert kernel events to resource usage metrics, thereby enabling the detection of various performance anomalies in a unified way; program behavior features infer the application logic behind the low level events. By using these features and conditional probability, AppDiff can detect outliers and improve the diagnosis of application performance.
Nonaqueous slip casting of high temperature ceramic superconductors using an investment casting technique (1993)

A process for slip casting ceramic articles that does not employ parting agents and affords the casting of complete, detailed, precision articles that do not possess parting lines is presented. This process is especially useful for high temperature superconductors and water-sensitive ceramics. A wax pattern for a shell mold is provided, and an aqueous mixture of a calcium sulfate-bonded investment material is applied as a coating to the wax pattern. The coated wax pattern is then dried, followed by curing to vaporize the wax pattern and leave a shell mold of the calcium sulfate-bonded investment material. The shell mold is cooled to room temperature, and a ceramic slip, created by dispersing a ceramic powder in an organic liquid, is poured therein. After a ceramic shell of desired thickness or a solid article has set up in the shell mold, excess ceramic slip is poured out. The shell mold is misted with water and peeled away from the ceramic article, after which the ceramic is fired to provide a complete, detailed, precision, high temperature superconductive ceramic article without parting lines. The casting technique may take place in the presence of a magnetic field to orient the ceramic powders during the casting process.
Synchronized gesture and speech production for humanoid robots (2010)

We present a model that is capable of synchronizing expressive gestures with speech. The model, implemented on a Honda humanoid robot, can generate a full range of gesture types, such as emblems, iconic and metaphoric gestures, deictic pointing and beat gestures. Arbitrary input text is analyzed with a part-of-speech tagger and a text-to-speech engine for timing information of spoken words. In addition, style tags can be optionally added to specify the level of excitement or topic changes. The text, combined with any tags, is then processed by several grammars, one for each gesture type to produce several candidate gestures for each word of the text. The model then selects probabilistically amongst the gesture types based on the desired degree of expressivity. Once a gesture type is selected, it coincides with a particular gesture template, consisting of trajectory curves that define the gesture. Speech timing patterns and style parameters are used to modulate the shape of the curve before it sent to the whole body control system on the robot. Evaluation of the model's parameters were performed, demonstrating the ability of observers to differentiate varying levels of expressiveness, excitement and speech synchronization. Modification of gesture speed for trajectory tracking found that positive associations like happiness and excitement accompanied faster speeds, with negative associations like sadness or tiredness occurred at slower speeds.
Thromboembolic stroke promotes the formation of the inflammasome complex (B70) (2007)

Abstract Inflammatory responses contribute to the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia and stroke. Activated caspase-1 cleaves the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, initiating a cascade of detrimental inflammatory events. Cell culture studies of macrophages have reported that activation of caspase-1 involves the formation of a macromolecular complex termed the inflammasome. Whether this complex is present after cerebral ischemia is unknown. Here, we utilized a clinically relevant model of thromboembolic stroke in mice to investigate the formation of the inflammasome and subsequent activation of inflammatory responses. Our results demonstrate for the first time that cerebral ischemia triggered the formation of a high molecular weight complex comprised of caspase-1, caspase-11, the adaptor protein ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein with CARD) and NALP1 (NACHT/LRR/pyrin domain-containing protein 1) in the cerebral cortex, 24 hr after ischemia. Formation of the inflammasome complex resulted in activation of caspase-1 and cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of inflammasome proteins in cortical neurons and inflammatory cells. Finally, the therapeutic potential of targeting the inflammasome after ischemia was demonstrated by reduced cytokine activation in mice treated with a neutralizing antibody against NALP1.
Large-Scale Multilingual Speech Recognition with a Streaming End-to-End Model (2019)

Multilingual end-to-end (E2E) models have shown great promise in expansion of automatic speech recognition (ASR) coverage of the world's languages. They have shown improvement over monolingual systems, and have simplified training and serving by eliminating language-specific acoustic, pronunciation, and language models. This work presents an E2E multilingual system which is equipped to operate in low-latency interactive applications, as well as handle a key challenge of real world data: the imbalance in training data across languages. Using nine Indic languages, we compare a variety of techniques, and find that a combination of conditioning on a language vector and training language-specific adapter layers produces the best model. The resulting E2E multilingual model achieves a lower word error rate (WER) than both monolingual E2E models (eight of nine languages) and monolingual conventional systems (all nine languages).
Higher-energy Collision-activated Dissociation Without a Dedicated Collision Cell (2011)

Beam-type collisional activation dissociation (HCD) offers many advantages over resonant excitation collision-activated dissociation, including improved identification of phosphorylated peptides and compatibility with isobaric tag-based quantitation (e.g. tandem mass tag (TMT) and iTRAQ). However, HCD typically requires specially designed and dedicated collision cells. Here we demonstrate that HCD can be performed in the ion injection pathway of a mass spectrometer with a standard atmospheric inlet (iHCD). Testing this method on complex peptide mixtures revealed similar identification rates to collision-activated dissociation (2883 versus 2730 IDs for iHCD/CAD, respectively) and precursor-product-conversion efficiency comparable to that achieved within a dedicated collision cell. Compared with pulsed-q dissociation, a quadrupole ion trap-based method that retains low-mass isobaric tag reporter ions, iHCD yielded isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification reporter ions 10-fold more intense. This method involves no additional hardware and can theoretically be implemented on any mass spectrometer with an atmospheric inlet.
Vaccination of calves with leukotoxic culture supernatant from Pasteurella haemolytica. (1988)

In three experiments subcutaneous vaccination of calves with adjuvanted bacteria-free leukotoxic culture supernatant from log phase cultures of Pasteurella haemolytica A1 (toxin 1) was shown to induce some protection against intrabronchial challenge with live P. haemolytica A1. This toxin 1 vaccine was as effective as a whole cell bacterin in stimulating agglutinating antibody to P. haemolytica. Induction of leukotoxin neutralizing activity was variable; in some cases vaccination only primed the animal to produce an anamnestic response after challenge, whereas in other instances antitoxic activity increased in response to immunization. Two doses of vaccine were shown to be more effective than a single immunization. Vaccination with leukotoxic culture supernatant from the nonpathogenic P. haemolytica serotype 11 was as effective as vaccination with toxin 1 in stimulating antitoxic activity but was not protective. This implies that both serospecific agglutinating activity and an antitoxic response are needed for immunity.
<title>Fluorescent immunosensors using planar waveguides</title> (1993)

The goal of our research program is to develop competitive and sandwich fluoroimmunoassays with high sensitivity and fast response time, that do not require external reagents. Our approach to this problem is to employ an optical immunoassay based on total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF). Specifically, monoclonal antibodies are immobilized on a planar waveguide. Total internal reflection of light in the planar waveguide sets up an evanescent field which extends about 2000 angstroms from the interface. In the competitive immunoassay, a fluorescent label is coupled to a small synthetic antigen which is packaged with the antibody. In the absence of analyte, the fluorescently labeled antigen binds to the antibody and is excited by the evanescent field. Upon the addition of analyte, the fluorescently labeled antigen molecules are displaced by unlabeled antigen molecules and diffuse out of the evanescent field. In the sandwich assay, a primary or `capture' antibody is immobilized on the planar waveguide, and a secondary or `tracer' antibody (which is labeled with a fluorescent dye) is added to the bulk solution. In the absence of analyte, the tracer antibody remains in solution and very little fluorescence is observed. However, upon addition of analyte, a `molecular sandwich' is formed on the waveguide, composed of: (1) the capture antibody; (2) the analyte; and (3) the tracer antibody. Once this sandwich forms, the tracer antibody is within the evanescent field and fluoresces. Fluorescence emission is detected by a charged- coupled device (CCD). Using this approach, we have developed a prototype immunosensor for the detection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). This device meets our design goals and exhibits a sensitivity of 0.1 - 1 pmolar.