gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time optical fiber sensors based on light diffusing microlens arrays (2019)

The applications of optical fibers are impeded in implantable medical diagnostics due to incompatibility with biological tissues, and immune reaction in vivo. The utilization of biocompatible materials to construct a photonic sensing platform can reduce the immune response in in vivo medical diagnostics. Here, we developed real-time optical fiber sensors to determine the volumetric modulation of stimuli-responsive polymers. Asymmetric microlens structures were replicated on stimuli-sensitive hydrogels as stand-alone sensors and were chemically attached to the tips of silica and biocompatible optical fibers. Quantitative measurements were carried out using a smartphone to demonstrate the ease, simplicity, and practicality of the readout methodology. To demonstrate the utility in real-time sensing, the fiber probe was investigated in various concentrations of ethanol, propan-2-ol, and dimethyl sulfoxide. Also, the fiber probe showed a rapid response to pH in the acidic region with a sensitivity of 40 nW pH-1. To develop biocompatible probes for physiological applications, a microlens array-imprinted polymer was attached to the tip of a hydrogel optical fiber. The optical fiber probe in the refection configuration showed a sensitivity of 7 nW pH-1. The developed hydrogel fiber probes may have application in point-of-care diagnostics, continuous biomarker monitoring, and critical care sensing devices.
Sodium sulphur cells. [current collector design] (1977)

In a sodium--sulfur cell, the cathode current collector in the sulfur/polysulfide cathodic reactant comprises a carbon or graphite tube containing a solid metal, e.g., aluminum, core and a deformable electronic conductor, e.g., graphite felt, as a conducting interface between the carbon or graphite tube and the core. In a preferred construction, the current collector is axially located within a cylindrical electrolyte tube, the space between the electrolyte tube and graphite tube containing the sulfur/polysulfides and a graphite felt. The outer surface of the graphite tube in this case may have grooves or recesses to form a sulfur reservoir. 1 figure.
Increased frequency of vβ17‐positive t cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (1994)

The selective increase of V beta 17-positive T cells suggests a role for those T cells in the pathogenesis of RA.
Super-resolution imaging using the spatial-frequency filtered intensity fluctuation correlation (2016)

We report an experimental demonstration of a nonclassical imaging mechanism with super-resolving power beyond the Rayleigh limit. When the classical image is completely blurred out due to the use of a small imaging lens, by taking advantage of the intensity fluctuation correlation of thermal light, the demonstrated camera recovered the image of the resolution testing gauge. This method could be adapted to long distance imaging, such as satellite imaging, which requires large diameter camera lenses to achieve high image resolution.
Electromagnetic acoustic transducer with its air gap established at assembly by counteracting springs (1980)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Irvin B. Rea, Juhan Telmet; Electromagnetic acoustic transducer with its air gap established at assembly by counteracting springs. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 March 1980; 67 (3): 1097. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.383986 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
The Role of Long Non-coding RNAs in B-acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2015)

Non-coding RNAs play pivotal roles in a wide variety of molecular processes. The functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in particular, have deep implications for both development and oncogenesis. Dysregulated expression of lncRNAs has been found in various cancers, but had not been comprehensively described in B lymphoblastic leukemia (B acute lymphoblastic leukemia; B-ALL). We completed a gene expression profiling study in human B-ALL samples and found differential lncRNA expression in samples with particular cytogenetic abnormalities. We determined that lncRNA expression could discriminate between B-ALL with specific karyotype abnormalities as well as, predict patient survival. Two promising lncRNAs from our study, designated B-ALL associated long RNAs (BALRs), have the highest expression in B-ALL samples carrying the MLL rearrangement when compared non-MLL rearranged and normal CD19+ cells. MLL rearranged B-ALL cases have a very poor prognosis and occur frequently in infants, making them particularly difficult to treat. This thesis investigates the role of lncRNAs BALR-2 and BALR-6 in MLL translocated B-ALL. In the first part of this thesis work, we found that high expression of BALR-2 was correlated with diminished response to prednisone treatment. Knockdown led to a reduction in proliferation, increased apoptosis, and increased sensitivity to prednisolone treatment. Conversely, overexpression of the lncRNA caused increased cell growth and resistance to prednisone treatment. Remarkably, BALR-2 expression was repressed by prednisolone treatment and its dysregulation led to changes in the glucocorticoid response pathway in human and mouse B-cells. These findings indicate an important role for BALR-2 in the pathogenesis of B-ALL.Much like BALR-2, siRNA mediated knockdown of BALR-6 in human B-ALL cell lines caused decreased proliferation and increased apoptosis. Additionally, overexpression of BALR-6 isoforms caused a significant increase in progenitor populations in mice and increased proliferation in mammalian cell lines. To understand the functional role of BALR-6, differential expression analysis from cell lines with knockdown was carried out. The analysis indicated an enrichment of genes involved in leukemia. Among these genes were SP1 and its known target genes. Luciferase reporter assays uncovered a positive regulatory role for BALR-6 in SP1 mediated transcription. Together, these data elucidate a role for BALR-6 in transcriptional regulation.Thus, this thesis identifies novel non-coding RNA transcripts that regulate gene expression, and thereby pathogenesis in B-ALL with MLL rearrangement. This work suggests novel diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic utility for lncRNAs in B-ALL.
Influence of starch granule swelling on graft copolymer composition. A comparison of monomers (1971)

Abstract Seven monomers, which varied widely in water solubility and ionic charge, were graft polymerized onto both unswollen starch and starch that had been swollen by heating in water to 60°C. Polymerizations were initiated with ferrous ammonium sulfate hexahydrate–hydrogen peroxide and, where applicable, with ceric ammonium nitrate. Graft copolymers were freed of ungrafted homopolymer by solvent extraction and were characterized by weight percentage of synthetic polymer incorporated in the graft copolymer, molecular weight of grafted branches, and grafting frequency. The influence of starch granule swelling on graft copolymer structure varied with the monomer used and could not be predicted on the basis of water solubility of monomer or its resulting polymer. With acrylonitrile and acrylamide, swollen starch gave higher molecular weight and less frequent grafts than unswollen starch. However, methyl methacrylate, N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate · HNO 3 , N‐ t ‐butylaminoethyl methacrylate. HNO 3 , and 2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride produced less frequent graft of higher molecular weight when starch was unswollen. With acrylic acid, graft molecular weight was independent of starch granule swelling, although grafting was less frequent when swollen starch was used.
Recent Advancements in Fuzzy C-means Based Techniques for Brain MRI Segmentation (2021)

In this paper, we critically review and summarize FCM based techniques for brain MRI segmentation.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Biradicals (2004)

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments in rotating solids have been performed for the first time using biradicals rather than monomeric paramagnetic centers as polarizing agents. Specifically, two TEMPO radicals were tethered with a poly(ethylene glycol) chain of variable length where the number of glycol units was 2, 3, or 4. NMR experiments show that the signal observed in DNP experiments is approximately inversely proportional to the length of the chain. Thus, the shorter chain with larger electron dipolar couplings yields larger enhancements. The size of the enhancement is a factor of 4 larger than obtained with the identical concentration of monomeric nitroxide radicals achieving a value of approximately 175 for the n = 2 chain.
Liquid Sampling-Atmospheric Pressure Glow Discharge Ionization Source for Elemental Mass Spectrometry (2011)

A new, low power ionization source for elemental MS analysis of aqueous solutions is described. The liquid sampling-atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD) operates by a process wherein the surface of the liquid emanating from a 75 μm i.d. glass capillary acts as the cathode of the direct current glow discharge. Analyte-containing solutions at a flow rate of 100 μL min(-1) are vaporized by the passage of current, yielding gas phase solutes that are subsequently ionized in the <5 W (maximum of 60 mA and 500 V), ~1 mm(3) volume, plasma. The LS-APGD is mounted in place of the normal electrospray ionization source of a Thermo Scientific Exactive Orbitrap mass spectrometer system without any other modifications. Basic operating characteristics are described, including the role of discharge power on mass spectral composition, the ability to obtain ultrahigh resolution elemental isotopic patterns, and demonstration of potential limits of detection based on the injection of aliquots of multielement standards (S/N > 1000 for 5 ng mL(-1) Cs). While much optimization remains, it is believed that the LS-APGD ion source may present a practical alternative to high-powered (>1 kW) plasma sources typically employed in elemental mass spectrometry, particularly for those cases where costs, operational overhead, simplicity, or integrated elemental/molecular analysis considerations are important.
A Cytolethal Distending Toxin Gene-Based Multiplex PCR Assay for Detection of <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. in Stool Specimens and Comparison with Culture Method (2012)

In this study, we evaluated the applicability of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based species-specific multiplex PCR for the direct detection and identification of Campylobacter jejuni, C. coli and C. fetus from stool specimens of patients with gastroenteritis in comparison to culture methods. A total of 711 stool specimens were examined for the isolation or detection of campylobacters by using Skirrow's selective agar culture plates, a filtration method and the multiplex PCR assay. Forty-one and 36 C. jejuni strains were isolated by culture and filtration methods, respectively. In addition, 2 and 3 C. coli strains were isolated by Skirrow and the filtration methods, respectively. However, when the multiplex PCR was employed, the cdtB genes of C. jejuni and C. coli were detected in 45 and 4 stool samples, respectively, and 9 C. jejuni PCR-positive samples by multiplex PCR were negative by culture method. Sequence analysis of the PCR products obtained from 8 stool specimens from which campylobacters were not isolated by culture method but the sequences exactly matched with that of the cdtB gene of C. jejuni strain 81-176. None of the remaining stool samples which were culture negative for campylobacters produced any amplicon. Stool samples were defined as Campylobacter-positive if detected by any method. The sensitivity of the multiplex PCR was 83%, which was higher than Skirrow (74%) and filtration method (66%). These data indicate that cdtB gene-based multiplex PCR is a rapid and more sensitive method to identify the most important species of Campylobacter for human diseases. (248).
Multivariate statistical analysis‐based power‐grid‐partitioning method (2016)

A multivariate statistical analysis (MSA)‐based power‐grid‐partitioning method is proposed. Considering the effectiveness of automatic voltage regulation of generators, network modelling is based on the quasi‐steady‐state sensitivity of voltage with respect to reactive power. The MSA‐based power‐grid‐partitioning method contains two stages: a quantitative method for determining the appropriate number of zones and allocation of nodes into a number of zones. The proposed method is applied to an automatic voltage control system and an N − 1 robust pilot node selection method is presented. Simulation studies on IEEE 14‐bus, 39‐bus systems and a real provincial power system in China are described to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
An AlGaN Core–Shell Tunnel Junction Nanowire Light-Emitting Diode Operating in the Ultraviolet-C Band (2017)

To date, semiconductor light emitting diodes (LEDs) operating in the deep ultraviolet (UV) spectral range exhibit very low efficiency due to the presence of large densities of defects and extremely inefficient p-type conduction of conventional AlGaN quantum well heterostructures. We have demonstrated that such critical issues can be potentially addressed by using nearly defect-free AlGaN tunnel junction core-shell nanowire heterostructures. The core-shell nanowire arrays exhibit high photoluminescence efficiency (∼80%) in the UV-C band at room temperature. With the incorporation of an epitaxial Al tunnel junction, the p-(Al)GaN contact-free nanowire deep UV LEDs showed nearly one order of magnitude reduction in the device resistance, compared to the conventional nanowire p-i-n device. The unpackaged Al tunnel junction deep UV LEDs exhibit an output power >8 mW and a peak external quantum efficiency ∼0.4%, which are nearly one to two orders of magnitude higher than previously reported AlGaN nanowire devices. Detailed studies further suggest that the maximum achievable efficiency is limited by electron overflow and poor light extraction efficiency due to the TM polarized emission.
The fabrication and electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotube nanoelectrode arrays (2004)

We report a novel approach for the fabrication of nanoelectrode arrays using vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) embedded within a SiO2 matrix. Cyclic voltammetry and pulse voltammetry are employed to characterize the electrochemical properties of the MWCNT array. The unique graphitic structure of the novel MWCNT nanoelectrodes is compared with model systems such as highly oriented pyrolytic graphite and glassy carbon electrodes. Low-density MWCNT nanoelectrode arrays display independent nanoelectrode behavior showing diffusion-limited steady-state currents in cyclic voltammetry over a wide range of scan rates. Electroactive species can be detected at concentrations as low as a few nM. In addition, ultrasensitive DNA/RNA sensors are demonstrated using the low-density MWCNT arrays with selectively functionalized oligonucleotide probes. This platform can be widely used in analytical applications as well as fundamental electrochemical studies.
A stiction model for a head-disk interface of a rigid disk drive (1995)

A theoretical stiction model for a head–disk interface has been developed that takes into account local redistribution of lubricant due to the competition between the capillary pressure inside a meniscus and the disjoining pressure outside the meniscus. Equations for calculating meniscus force and resulting stiction have been obtained for various contacting geometries and lubrication states. The model has been applied to study the effects of disk variables on stiction. Two categories of texture are considered: One has a uniform asperity height (the regular texture) and the other has a Gaussian asperity height distribution (the random texture). The relationship between stiction and the real area of contact is found to be nonmonotonic. The minimum stiction is predicted to occur at intermediate values of the real area of contact. The model also predicts a complicated interdependence between roughness parameters and their role on stiction. The role of lubricant and overcoat on stiction is also considered. Not only the lubricant film thickness, but also the physical and chemical properties of both lubricant and overcoat, as well as the interactions between them, are found to be crucial in determining stiction.
Phase-encoding input images for optical pattern recognition (1994)

The images introduced to an optical pattern recognition system are normally an amplitude representation of the original intensity images. We define a method of encoding intensity images as phase-only images, and we demonstrate that the performance of the correlation is generally substantially better than that of the correlation performed with amplitude inputs. Energy in the correlation peak is about a factor of 20 greater for the phase-encoded input image method. These performance and energy advantages are particularly useful when designing filters that incorporate various degrees and types of invariance. We give examples and numerical results for the correlation process with ternary and 15-phase-state plus zero-amplitude filters with varying spans of invariance. We suggest practical implementations for this technique.
SIC static induction transistors (1995)

Abstract : SiC recessed gate static induction transistors (SITs) have been demonstrated for the first time. These early devices exhibit three times the power density of comparable silicon bipolar microwave devices at frequencies up to 500 MHz and exhibit efficient operation and high breakdown voltages. Key device fabrication processes developed in this program including reactive ion etching, Schottky gate metallizations, gate-source insulators and sharp epitaxial layer profiles.
Correction for terrain azimuthal slope effects in polarimetric SAR images (2002)

The existence of terrain slopes reduces the accuracy of algorithms intended to extract geophysical parameters from polarimetric SAR image data. Corrections have been made in the past for the effects of range-direction slopes using a co-registered digital elevation model (DEM). A technique has recently been developed to accurately measure slope-induced changes in polarimetric orientation from terrain backscatter. This measurement capability opens up the possibility of compensating for scattering changes caused by polarimetric effects in the azimuthal direction.
Architectures for unified field inversion with applications in elliptic curve cryptography (2003)

We present two new inversion algorithms for binary extension and prime fields, which are slightly modified versions of the Montgomery inverse algorithm. A hardware architecture implementing these algorithms is also introduced. In our proposed architecture, the field elements are represented using a multi-word format which allows a scalable and unified architecture to operate in a broad range of precision. This hardware architecture can be used to obtain efficient implementations of elliptic curve cryptography primitives.
Physical and technological challenges towards silicon-based quantum computing (2021)

Semiconductor-based architectures where quantum information is encoded in the spin degrees of freedom of electrons or holes form an appealing platform for quantum computing. Here we present the current state-of-the-art and discuss prospects and challenges at scientific and technological level.
Highly β‐Selective Epoxidation of Δ <sup>5</sup> ‐Unsaturated Steroids Catalyzed by Ketones (2000)

A general catalytic and environmentally friendly method for beta-epoxidation of delta5-unsaturated steroids has been developed, which uses ketones as the catalysts and Oxone as the terminal oxidant. A whole range of delta5-unsaturated steroids, which bear different functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, acetyl, or ketal, as well as different side chains, were conveniently converted to the corresponding synthetically and biologically interesting 5beta,5beta-epoxides with excellent beta-selectivities and high yields.
High-efficiency magnetic particle focusing using dielectrophoresis and magnetophoresis in a microfluidic device (2010)

We describe a novel technique that utilizes simultaneous implementation of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and magnetophoresis (MAP) to focus magnetic particles into streams for optical analysis of biological samples. This technique does not require sheath flow and utilizes a novel interdigitated electrode array chip that yields multiple streams of flowing magnetic particles in single-file columns. The MAP force placed particles in close proximity to the microelectrodes where they were subjected to a strong DEP force that generated the particle focusing effect. Particle focusing efficiency was improved using this combination DEP–MAP technique compared to DEP alone: particle stream widths were reduced ∼47% and stream width variability was reduced 80% for focused streams of 8.5 µm diameter magnetic particles. 3 µm diameter magnetic particles were strongly focused with DEP–MAP (∼4 µm wide streams with sub-µm variability in stream width) while DEP alone provided minimal focusing. Additional components of a prototype detection system were also demonstrated including an integrated magnetic pelleting component, a hand-held MHz frequency signal generator and a bench-top near-confocal microscope for optical analysis of flowing particles. Preliminary testing of a sandwich assay performed on the surface of magnetic particles showed 50 ppb detection levels of a surrogate biotoxin (ovalbumin) in a raw milk sample.
Broadband Imaging and Wireless Communication with an Optical Phased Array (2018)

An optical phased array designed for broadband applications has been demonstrated. Using this architecture, imaging under natural light conditions and free space optical communications at a data rate of 10 Gbps have been achieved.
The physics of digital breast tomosynthesis (2012)

The main reason for the diagnostic impairment of conventional mammography is the fact that the 3D anatomical information is projected into a 2D image plane. Therefore, anatomical structures that overlap the tumors limit the radiologist’s ability to detect certain cancers. Digital tomosynthesis for mammography has shown promise to overcome this limitation by acquiring several views of the breast from different angles and reconstructing the image into a 3D volume set.
Aerodynamic Particle Sizing versus Light Scattering Intensity Measurement as Methods for Real-Time Particle Sizing Coupled with Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (1996)

Measurement of scattered light intensity and aerodynamic particle sizing are two methods that have recently been coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry for real-time determination of aerosol particle size and composition. An aerosol analysis technique recently developed in our laboratory, aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry, offers a unique experimental platform to evaluate both of these sizing techniques. This paper presents a comparison of results obtained with these two methods.