gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hierarchical Hole-Filling(HHF): Depth image based rendering without depth map filtering for 3D-TV (2010)

In this paper we propose a new approach for disocclusion removal in depth image-based rendering (DIBR) for 3D-TV. The new approach, Hierarchical Hole-Filling (HHF), eliminates the need for any preprocessing of the depth map. HHF uses a pyramid like approach to estimate the hole pixels from lower resolution estimates of the 3D wrapped image. The lower resolution estimates involves a pseudo zero canceling plus Gaussian filtering of the wrapped image. Then starting backwards from the lowest resolution hole-free estimate in the pyramid, we interpolate and use the pixel values to fill in the hole in the higher up resolution image. The procedure is repeated until the estimated image is hole-free. Experimental results show that HHF yields virtual images that are free of any geometric distortions, which is not the case in other algorithms that preprocess the depth map. Experiments has also shown that unlike previous DIBR techniques, HHF is not sensitive to depth maps with high percentage of bad matching pixels.
CO chain-reaction chemical laser research. Final report (1976)

Only in the very broadest and most abstract sense do these three volumes reflect on similar issues in aging in social policy - that is, the changing context of the responsibilities of the family and state toward the aged. Within two of these books the prevailing wisdom is that the state in most cases will be taking on fewer responsibilities with families assuming more. In certain societies and cultures, little in the way of a role has been associated with the state historically. Care for the elderly has been the responsibility of the family and/or community, and despite changes in the economy and society, human exchanges have remained unaltered. In other societies, change has been more rapid, leaving elders without adequate support or nurturance. And, in largely industrial and Western societies, the state may be relinquishing its roles, leaving families stretching to cover the gaps. Only Schulz, Borowski, and Crown provide carefully reasoned economic arguments regarding the capacity of the state to provide continued financial security to the aged in the future. But future economic security for the elderly does not respond to the broader issues of the responsibility for caring and social support that the other authors have alluded may be eroding from those states that currently provide such services. Admittedly, the direction in all the nations discussed and in each of the volumes is to a smaller role for government and an increased role for families.Each of the three books reviewed is truly international in authorship and perspective. Sensitive to the concern that Bleddyn Davies from the University of Kent at Canterbury articulates as the dominance of an American perspective in aging and social policy (1989), the authors and editors have been global and multinational in their work. In particular,An Aging World has attracted authors from nations throughout the world with few using examples or comparisons to the United States.It has been difficult to review three works that are so different and span so much content. The depth of material, the detail, and the many issues raised inAn Aging World in itself are difficult to summarize. Nevertheless, it is the specifics and the details that make these works so interesting to read.
A new three-dimensional aerofoil diffuser for centrifugal compressors (2008)

Aerofoil diffusers have been extensively used in industrial centrifugal compressors. However, these diffusers are two-dimensional and have fixed solidity in the spanwise direction. Two types of two-dimensional aerofoil diffusers exist: the first characterized by a solidity value less than 1 (low solidity diffuser) and the second characterized by a solidity value greater than 1 (high solidity diffusers). In this article a new three-dimensional aerofoil diffuser is introduced. This diffuser has a varying solidity and stagger angle in the spanwise direction as well as a varying lean angle along the streamwise direction. The use of these three-dimensional configurations leads to the development of an aerofoil diffuser that combines the wide operating range characteristic of the low solidity diffusers with the high performance that is characteristic of the high solidity diffusers. Experimental and numerical analyses of several impeller—diffuser configurations are presented. The analyses are performed between the newly introduced three-dimensional aerofoil diffuser and the conventional diffusers with high and low solidities. The results of the analyses are presented in terms of the aerodynamic performance of both the diffusers and the overall stage performance. The analyses performed indeed indicate the superiority of the proposed new diffuser geometry over the analysed conventional aerofoil diffusers in terms of extending the operating range of the compressor stage as well as improving its efficiency.
Hexavalent Chromium Solubility and Reduction in Alkaline Soils Enriched with Chromite Ore Processing Residue (1994)

Abstract Health‐based regulatory limits and remediation strategies for chromate [Cr(VI)] in alkaline soils enriched with chromite ore processing residue (COPR) should be based on oxidation‐reduction and solubility interactions of Cr. A laboratory study characterized the solubility of Cr(VI) by sequential batch equilibrations and teachings from two COPR‐enriched soils using dilute salt and acid solutions. Batch equilibrations quantified reduction of soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) in the whole soils and extracted solutions. The soils, termed Low Hex and High Hex , contained 105 and 460 mg Cr(VI) kg −1 , 1.8 and 10.4 g total Cr kg −1 , and had pH values of 8.5 and 10.4, respectively. Total cumulative Cr(VI) removed by the extractions was 49 and 386 mg kg −1 by both the batch equilibrations and leaching methods in the Low and High Hex soils, respectively, and no differences were found among the extractants. Addition of Mn 2+ resulted in 50 to 100% reduction of soluble Cr(VI) in both soils without pH adjustment, a new finding that is thermodynamically predictable at pH > 7.2, and it is in sharp contrast to the ability of Mn(III,IV) oxides to oxidize Cr(III) to Cr(VI) in more acidic soils and Mn oxide suspensions. Additions of Fe 2+ , steel wool (Fe), leaf litter, and lactic acid (a component of human sweat) also reduced various quantities of soluble and insoluble Cr(VI) in the soils, depending on pH, reducing agent, and soil. Soluble Cr(VI) in these COPR‐enriched soils appeared to be controlled by dissolution of a moderately soluble chromate salt, such as CaCrO 4 , and not by sorption or oxidation‐reduction equilibria.
Mapping, modeling, and visual exploration of structure-function relationships in the heart (2001)

It is becoming clear that the emergent, integrative behaviors of biological systems result from complex interactions between all system components, and that knowledge of each component is not sufficient to understand such behaviors. In this paper, we describe our approach to the integrative modeling of cardiac function. This approach spans multiple levels of biological analysis, ranging from subcellular to tissue. We have applied diverse analytical methods, including imaging techniques for measurement of anatomic structure and biophysical and biochemical responses of cells and tissue, parallel computing techniques for the numerical solution of large systems of model equations, and interactive visual exploration of model dynamic behavior.
Low−field magnetic properties of ferromagnetic amorphous alloys (1975)

The low−field magnetic properties of some amorphous magnetic alloy ribbons have been measured. The as−prepared specimens have low coercive field but rather low remanence. The application of elastic stress greatly increases the remanence, and can also decrease the coercive field. Some of the improvement due to stress can be made permanent by annealing under stress. These alloys should be useful in various magnetic devices.
Lignin Depolymerization into Aromatic Monomers over Solid Acid Catalysts (2014)

It is imperative to develop an efficient and environmentally benign pathway to valorize profusely available lignin, a component of nonedible lignocellulosic materials, into value-added aromatic monomers, which can be used as fuel additives and platform chemicals. To convert lignin, earlier studies used mineral bases (NaOH, CsOH) or supported metal catalysts (Pt, Ru, Pd, Ni on C, SiO2, Al2O3, etc.) under a hydrogen atmosphere, but these methods face several drawbacks such as corrosion, difficulty in catalyst recovery, sintering of metals, loss of activity, etc. Here we show that under an inert atmosphere various solid acid catalysts can efficiently convert six different types of lignins into value-added aromatic monomers. In particular, the SiO2–Al2O3 catalyst gave exceptionally high yields of ca. 60% for organic solvent soluble extracted products with 95 ± 10% mass balance in the depolymerization of dealkaline lignin, bagasse lignin, and ORG and EORG lignins at 250 °C within 30 min. GC, GC-MS, HPLC, LC-MS, and GPC analysis of organic solvent soluble extracted products confirmed the formation of aromatic monomers with ca. 90% selectivity. In the products, confirmation of retention of aromatic nature as present in lignin and the appearance of several functional groups has been carried out by FT-IR and 1H and 13C NMR studies. Further, isolation of major products by column chromatography was carried out to obtain aromatic monomers in pure form and their characterization by NMR is presented. A detailed characterization of six different types of lignins obtained from various sources helped in substantiating the catalytic results obtained in these reactions. A meticulous study on fresh and spent catalysts revealed that the amorphous catalysts are preferred to obtain reproducible catalytic results.
Improved vertical-scanning interferometry (2000)

We describe a method that combines phase-shifting and coherence-peak-sensing techniques to permit measurements with the height resolution of phase-shifting interferometry without the interval-slope limitation of lambda/4 per data sample of phase-shifting interferometry. A five-frame algorithm is used to determine both the best-focus frame position and the fractional phase from the best-focus frame of the correlogram acquired through vertical scanning. The two surface profiles retrieved from the phase and the modulation contrast of the correlograms are compared in the phase-unwrapping process to remove fringe-order ambiguity.
Human tissue kallikrein gene family: a rich source of novel disease biomarkers (2001)

The organization of the human tissue kallikrein gene family has now been fully elucidated. This family contains 15 genes encoding secreted serine proteases, which share significant homologies at both the DNA and amino acid level. Two members of the human kallikrein gene family, prostate-specific antigen and human kallikrein 2, have already found important clinical application as prostate cancer biomarkers. In this review, we examine the diagnostic and prognostic value of the 15 human kallikrein genes and proteins. It is clear that at least a few members show promise of becoming novel cancer and other disease biomarkers.
A Multilevel Multiscale Finite Volume Method (2012)

The Multiscale Finite Volume (MsFV) method has been developed to efficiently solve reservoir-scale problems while conserving fine-scale details. The method employs two grid levels: a fine grid and a coarse grid. The latter is used to calculate a coarse solution to the original problem, which is interpolated to the fine mesh. The coarse system is constructed from the fine-scale problem using restriction and prolongation operators that are obtained by introducing appropriate localization assumptions. Through a successive reconstruction step, the MsFV method is able to provide an approximate, but fully conservative fine-scale velocity field. For very large problems (e.g. one billion cell model), a two-level algorithm can remain computational expensive. Depending on the upscaling factor, the computational expense comes either from the costs associated with the solution of the coarse problem or from the construction of the local interpolators (basis functions). To ensure numerical efficiency in the former case, the MsFV concept can be reapplied to the coarse problem, leading to a new, coarser level of discretization. One challenge in the use of a multilevel MsFV technique is to find an efficient reconstruction step to obtain a conservative fine-scale velocity field. In this work, we introduce a three-level Multiscale Finite Volume method (MlMsFV) and give a detailed description of the reconstruction step. Complexity analyses of the original MsFV method and the new MlMsFV method are discussed, and their performances in terms of accuracy and efficiency are compared.
Contact‐free physiological monitoring using a markerless optical system (2015)

Contact-free monitoring of human subjects to obtain cardiac and respiratory information is feasible using a small camera and light emitting diode mounted on the head coil of an MRI scanner.
Mobile Accelerator Neutron Radiography System (1984)

Abstract : The use of neutron radiography for the inspection and maintenance of large structures such as aircraft has been delayed by the absence of a mobile system particularly suited to the requirements of field use. This report describes the production, extensive field testing, evaluation and disposition of the first mobile neutron radiography system to satisfy the majority of requirements for field use. The system is based upon the concept of a mobile on- off neutron radiography system based on a sealed-tube ion accelerator as neutron source demonstrated earlier by the Vought Corporation. Primary features of the system are its self-propelled mobility, versatile positioning capability scaled to Army helicopter dimensions, an on-off beam capability, exposure capability measured in minutes, and suitability for AMMRC laboratory and field use. Included in the report are a description of all components of the system, an evaluation of the operation of the system, an evaluation of its radiographic capabilities, a description of installation elements for the AMMRC site, and recommendations for next-generation systems.
Proposal for an Intelligent Lighting System, and Verification of Control Method Effectiveness (2004)

In recent years, various types of equipment have become more intelligent. In this research, we propose an intelligent lighting system for providing the necessary illuminance to a desired location; actually construct a fundamental experiment system based on that concept; and verify the effectiveness of the newly developed control method. Verification tests were conducted using an optimization algorithm specialized for lighting control. and the results showed that the various illuminance sensors converged to the preset target illuminance. We also confirmed that the system can respond adaptively to the movement of illuminance sensors and contingencies like lighting malfunctions.
Prefix- and interval-partitioned router-tables (2005)

Two schemes - prefix partition and interval partition - are proposed to improve the performance of router-table design. Significant reduction in the time to find the longest matching-prefix, insert a prefix, and delete a prefix is achieved.
WiWho: wifi-based person identification in smart spaces (2016)

There has been a growing interest in equipping the objects and environment surrounding users with sensing capabilities. Smart indoor spaces such as smart homes and offices can implement the sensing and processing functionality, relieving users from the need of wearing/carrying smart devices. Enabling such smart spaces requires device-free, effortless sensing of user's identity and activities. Device-free sensing using WiFi has shown great potential in such scenarios, however, a fundamental question of person identification has remained unsolved. In this paper, we present WiWho, a framework that can identify a person from a small group of people in a device-free manner using WiFi. We show that Channel State Information (CSI) used in recent WiFi can identify a person's steps and walking gait. The walking gait being distinguishing characteristics for different people, WiWho uses CSI-based gait for person identification. We demonstrate how step and walk analysis can be used to identify a person's walking gait from CSI, and how this information can be used to identify a person. WiWho does not require a person to carry any device and is effortless since it only requires the person to walk for a few steps (e.g. entering a home or an office). We evaluate WiWho using experiments at multiple locations with a total of 20 volunteers, and show that it can identify a person with average accuracy of 92% to 80% from a group of 2 to 6 people respectively. We also show that in most cases walking as few as 2-3 meters is sufficient to recognize a person's gait and identify the person. We discuss the potential and challenges of WiFi-based person identification with respect to smart space applications.
Evanescent-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy: a new platform for thin-film chemical sensors (1999)

A new optical technique is described that permits extension of cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) to surfaces, films, and liquids. As in conventional CRDS, the photon intensity decay time in a low loss optical cavity is utilized to probe optical absorption. Extension to condensed matter is achieved by employing intra-cavity total internal reflection (TIR) to generate an evanescent wave that is especially well suited for thin film chemical sensing. Tow general monolithic cavity designs are discussed: (1) a broadband, TIR-ring cavity that employs photon tunneling to excite and monitor cavity modes, and (2) a narrow bandwidth cavity that utilizes a combination of TIR and highly reflective coatings. Following a qualitative description of design features, a beam transfer matrix analysis is given which yields stability criteria and mode properties as a function of cavity length and mirror radius of curvature. A signal- to-noise ratio calculation is given to demonstrate the evaluation of sensitivity.
Contention-Based Access for Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Uplink Transmissions (2017)

We consider a sporadic ultra-reliable and low latency communications in the uplink 5G cellular systems. Reliable low latency access for randomly emerging packet transmission cannot be guaranteed in current wireless systems. To achieve the goal of low latency and high reliability simultaneously, we propose a contention-based transmission scheme aimed at users with small payloads. We seek to reduce collision probability by considering multiple transmissions for the same packet for reliable reception. We find the optimal number of consecutive multiple transmissions that reduces collisions and achieves target reliability within the latency window. Performance is analyzed with a frame structure planned for 5G cellular systems. Results are compared with default multi-channel slotted ALOHA access scheme.
Investigation of shape, position, and permeability of shielding material in quadruple butterfly coil for focused transcranial magnetic stimulation (2017)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation has been gaining popularity in the therapy for several neurological disorders. A time-varying magnetic field is used to generate electric field in the brain. As the development of TMS methods takes place, emphasis on the coil design increases in order to improve focal stimulation. Ideally reduction of stimulation of neighboring regions of the target area is desired. This study, focused on the improvement of the focality of the Quadruple Butterfly Coil (QBC) with supplemental use of different passive shields. Parameters such as shape, position and permeability of the shields have been explored to improve the focus of stimulation. Results have been obtained with the help of computer modelling of a MRI derived heterogeneous head model over the vertex position and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex position using a finite element tool. Variables such as maximum electric field induced on the grey matter and scalp, volume and area of stimulation above half of the maximum value of electric field on the grey matter, and ratio of the maximum electric field in the brain versus the scalp have been investigated.
Design, fabrication and testing of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MEMS parallel kinematics<i>XY</i>stage (2007)

This paper presents the design, kinematics, fabrication and characterization of a monolithic micro positioning two degree-of-freedom translational (XY) stage. The design of the proposed MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system) stage is based on a parallel kinematics mechanism (PKM). The stage is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate. The PKM design decouples the motion in the XY directions. The design restricts rotations in the XY plane while allowing for an increased motion range and produces linear kinematics in the operating region (or workspace) of the stage. The truss-like structure of the PKM also results in increased stiffness by reducing the mass of the stage. The stage is fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer using surface micromachining and a deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) process. Two sets of electrostatic linear comb drives are used to actuate the stage mechanism in the X and Y directions. The fabricated stage provides a motion range of more than 15 µm in each direction at a driving voltage of 45 V. The resonant frequency of the stage under ambient conditions is 960 Hz. A high Q factor (∼100) is achieved from this parallel kinematics mechanism design.
Leveraging nMOS Negative Differential Resistance for Low Power, High Reliability Magnetic Memory (2017)

We propose, demonstrate, and assess a nontunneling-based nMOS voltage-controlled negative differential resistance (V-NDR) concept for overcoming the intrinsic efficiency and reliability shortcomings of magnetic random access memory memories (MRAM). Using nMOS V-NDR circuits in series with MRAM tunnel junctions, we experimentally observe 40 times reduction in current during switching, enabling write termination and read margin amplification. Large scale Monte Carlo simulations also show 5X improvement in write energy savings and demonstrate the robustness of the scheme against device variability.
High efficiency laser amplifier. [Patent application] (1977)

Osteoporosis is a metabolic bone disease that is characterized by low bone mass and micro-architectural deterioration of bones. The mechanism underlying this disease implicates an imbalance between bone resorption and bone remodeling. In 2002, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved Teriparatide for the treatment of osteoporosis, and so far, this compound is the only permitted osteoanabolic. However, as a structurally flexible linear peptide, this drug may be further optimized. In this study, we develop a series of novel <i>N</i>-acetyl glucosamine glycosylation derivatives of Teriparatide and examine their characteristics. Of the analyzed compounds, PTHG-9 exhibits enhanced helicity, greater protease stability, and increased osteoblast differentiation promoting ability compared with the original Teriparatide. Accordingly, PTHG-9 is suggested as a therapeutic candidate for postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) and other related diseases. The successful development of an enhanced osteoporosis drug proves that the method proposed herein can be used to effectively enhance the chemical and biological properties of linear peptides with various biological functions.