gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Eco-Friendly Photovoltaics Based on Stabilized AgBiS<sub>2</sub> Nanocrystal Inks (2020)

AgBiS2 nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as attractive absorbers in eco-friendly photovoltaics because of their nontoxic components and high absorption coefficient. Native long-chain ligands of AgBiS2 NCs should be replaced with short-chain ligands for their photovoltaics; however, conventional approaches have been performed using solid-state ligand exchange (SSLE), resulting in inhomogeneous NC aggregation, broad bandtail, large trap density, and resultantly low open-circuit voltage (VOC) in devices. Herein, we first report that long-chain ligands of AgBiS2 NCs are replaced with halometallate-based short ligands via solution-phase ligand exchange (SPLE). AgI and BiI3 are used as halometallate sources, and we find that colloidally stable, highly concentrated AgBiS2 NC inks in polar solvents are prepared via SPLE using AgI-based halometallates, enabling one-step-deposition suitable for roll-to-roll process. This leads to higher degree of ligand exchange, sharper bandtail, lower trap density, and resultantly higher VOC in devices compared to conventional SSLE. We also first demonstrate that the photovoltaic performance can be improved by introducing ethanedithiol-exchanged AgBiS2 NCs on SPLE-prepared AgBiS2 NC solids because of favorable band alignment and extended depletion width. Thus, this enables improving device performance up to a power conversion efficiency of 4.08% with the highest VOC of 0.55 V among the AgBiS2 NC photovoltaics reported so far.
Cytosolic delivery of siRNA by ultra-high affinity dsRNA binding proteins (2017)

Protein-based methods of siRNA delivery are capable of uniquely specific targeting, but are limited by technical challenges such as low potency or poor biophysical properties. Here, we engineered a series of ultra-high affinity siRNA binders based on the viral protein p19 and developed them into siRNA carriers targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Combined in trans with a previously described endosome-disrupting agent composed of the pore-forming protein Perfringolysin O (PFO), potent silencing was achieved in vitro with no detectable cytotoxicity. Despite concerns that excessively strong siRNA binding could prevent the discharge of siRNA from its carrier, higher affinity continually led to stronger silencing. We found that this improvement was due to both increased uptake of siRNA into the cell and improved pharmacodynamics inside the cell. Mathematical modeling predicted the existence of an affinity optimum that maximizes silencing, after which siRNA sequestration decreases potency. Our study characterizing the affinity dependence of silencing suggests that siRNA-carrier affinity can significantly affect the intracellular fate of siRNA and may serve as a handle for improving the efficiency of delivery. The two-agent delivery system presented here possesses notable biophysical properties and potency, and provide a platform for the cytosolic delivery of nucleic acids.
Nature of DNA polymorphism in the direct repeat cluster of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>; application for strain differentiation by a novel typing method (1993)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains contain a unique chromosomal region, which consists of multiple 36bp direct repeats (DRs), which are interspersed by unique spacers 35 to 41 bp in length. In this study we investigated the nature of the DNA polymorphism of this DR cluster by sequencing part of this region in a large number of M. tuberculosis complex strains. Two types of genetic rearrangements were observed. One type consists of the variation in one or a few discrete, contiguous DRs plus spacer sequences. This variation is probably driven by homologous recombination between adjacent or distant DRs. The other type of polymorphism is probably driven by transpositional events of the insertion sequence, IS6110, which is almost invariably present in the DR cluster of M. tuberculosis complex strains. Based on the nature of the DNA polymorphism in the DR cluster, we developed a novel method of strain differentiation, direct variable repeat polymer chain reaction (DVR-PCR), which enables typing of individual M. tuberculosis strains in a single PCR. The method allows an excellent differentiation of epidemiologically unrelated isolates and, in principle, the DVR-PCR allows the detection of M. tuberculosis and strain differentiation at the same time.
Subordination principles for the multi-dimensional space-time-fractional diffusion-wave equation (2019)

This paper is devoted to an in-depth investigation of the first fundamental solution to the linear multi-dimensional space-time-fractional diffusion-wave equation. This equation is obtained from the diffusion equation by replacing the first order time-derivative by the Caputo fractional derivative of order $\beta$, $0 <\beta \leq 2$, and the Laplace operator by the fractional Laplacian $(-\Delta )^{\alpha /2}$ with $0<\alpha \leq 2$. First, a representation of the fundamental solution in form of a MellinâBarnes integral is deduced by employing the technique of the Mellin integral transform. This representation is then used for establishing several subordination formulas that connect the fundamental solutions for different values of the fractional derivatives $\alpha$ and $\beta$. We also discuss some new cases of completely monotone functions and probability density functions that are expressed in terms of the Mittag-Leffler function, the Wright function, and the generalized Wright function.
Processing of Three‐Dimensional Laser Sintered Polyetheretherketone Composites and Testing of Osteoblast Proliferation in vitro (2007)

Abstract Summary: The following investigation focuses on polyetheretherketone (PEEK) for bone substitutes intended for maxillofacial surgery. Different three‐dimensional discs with a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 3 mm were laser sintered. As filler materials nano‐sized carbon black and β ‐tricalciumphosphate powder with an average grain size of 35 µm were used. Human osteoblasts were cultivated on the discs and examined with scanning electron microscopy. Cell vitality and cell growth was investigated. The data shows that PEEK surfaces does not suppress osteoblast proliferation.
A homeotropic main-chain tolane-type liquid crystal elastomer film exhibiting high anisotropic thermal conductivity (2017)

The development of pure polymeric films with anisotropic thermal conductivities for electronic device packaging applications has attracted intense scientific attention. In order to enhance the polymeric film's normal-direction thermal conductivity, homeotropic alignment of macromolecular chains is the primary concern. One of the promising preparation strategies is to perform in situ photopolymerization of homeotropic-oriented liquid crystal monomers. In this work, we design and synthesize a novel tolane-core thiol-ene-tailed liquid crystal monomer. Benefitting from the conjugated and extended tolane π-system of the mesogenic core and length extension of the terminal aliphatic tails, the normal-to-plane thermal conductivity value and the thermal conductivity anisotropy value of the corresponding cross-linked main-chain end-on liquid crystal polymer (xMELCP) film reach 3.56 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> and 15.0, respectively. Compared with the data of a previously reported ester-type thiol-ene xMELCP film, the two primary values of this novel tolane-type thiol-ene xMELCP material are increased dramatically by 46% and 29%, respectively.
Yes-Associated Protein (YAP) Promotes the Nuclear Import of p73 (2011)

p73 has been identified as a structural and functional homolog of the tumor suppressor p53. However, mechanisms that regulate the localization of p73 have not been fully clarified. The Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a transcriptional coactivator. As a transcriptional coactivator, YAP needs to bind transcription factors to stimulate gene expression. p73 is a reported YAP target transcription factors and YAP has been shown to positively regulate p73 in promoting apoptosis. Previous studies show that p73 interacts with YAP through its PPPY motif, and increases p73 transactivation of apoptotic genes. In this study, we focused on YAP's regulation of the localization of p73. After transient transfection into Rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells and Human embryonic kidney 293T cells with GFP-YAP and/or YFP-p73, and incubated for 24 hours expression. p73 was fused to YFP to allow the examination of its subcellular localization. When expressed alone, YFP-p73 was distributed throughout the cell. When coexpressed with YAP, nuclear accumulation of YFP-p73 became evident. We quantitated the effect of YAP on the redistribution of YFP-p73 by counting cells with nuclear-only YFP signal. We found that YAP can influence the subcellular distribution of p73. Altogether, coexpression with YAP affected the subcellular distribution of the p73 protein. Our studies attribute a central role to YAP in regulating p73 accumulation and YAP, at least in part, might promote the nuclear import of p73.
Effect of Proline, Betaine and Some Other Solutes on the Heat Stability of Mitochondrial Enzymes (1982)

When isolated plant mitochondria are heated, isocitrate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase and fumarase lose activity at different rates. The rate of loss of activity of each enzyme is reduced if the mitochondria are heated in the presence of proline, betaine or some other solutes; protection by proline or betaine against heat inactivation is also evident with these enzymes when they are solubilized. NAD-isocitrate dehydrogenase in pea mitochondria and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase of pea chloroplasts are also protected by proline and betaine against inactivation when the isolated organelles are heated.
Secure data structures based on multi-party computation (2011)

This work considers data structures based on multi-party computation (MPC) primitives: structuring secret (e.g. secret shared and potentially unknown) data such that it can both be queried and updated efficiently. Implementing an oblivious RAM (ORAM) using MPC allows any existing data structure to be realized using MPC primitives, however, by focusing on a specific example -- a priority queue -- it is shown that it is possible to achieve much better results than the generic solutions can provide. Moreover, the techniques differ significantly from existing ORAM constructions. Indeed it has recently been shown that any information theoretically secure ORAM with n memory locations requires at least log n random bits per read/write to hide the access pattern. In contrast, the present construction achieves security with a completely deterministic access pattern.
A Microcomputer-Based Control And Simulation Of An Advanced Ipm Synchronous Machine Drive System For Electric Vehicle Propulsion (1987)

Advanced digital control and computer-aided control system design techniques are playing key roles in the complex drive system design and control implementation. The paper describes a high performance microcomputer-based control and digital simulation of an inverter-fed interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous machine which uses Neodymium-Iron-Boron magnet. The fully operational four-quadrant drive system includes constant-torque region with zero speed operation and high speed field-weakening constant-power region. The control uses vector or field-oriented technique in constant-torque region with the direct axis aligned to the stator flux, whereas the constant-power region control is based on torque angle orientation of the impressed square-wave voltage. All the key feedback signals for the control are estimated with precision. The drive system is basically designed with an outer torque control loop for electric vehicle application, but speed and position control loops can be added for other industrial applications. The distributed microcomputer-based control system is based on Intel-8096 microcontroller and Texas Instruments TMS32010 type digital signal processor. The complete drive system has been simulated using the VAX-based simulation language SIMNON* to verify the feasibility of the control laws and to study the performances of the drive system. The simulation results are found to have excellent correlation with the laboratory breadboard tests.
An interpretable planning bot for pancreas stereotactic body radiation therapy (2020)

Pancreas stereotactic body radiotherapy treatment planning requires planners to make sequential, time consuming interactions with the treatment planning system (TPS) to reach the optimal dose distribution. We seek to develop a reinforcement learning (RL)-based planning bot to systematically address complex tradeoffs and achieve high plan quality consistently and efficiently. The focus of pancreas SBRT planning is finding a balance between organs-at-risk sparing and planning target volume (PTV) coverage. Planners evaluate dose distributions and make planning adjustments to optimize PTV coverage while adhering to OAR dose constraints. We have formulated such interactions between the planner and the TPS into a finite-horizon RL model. First, planning status features are evaluated based on human planner experience and defined as planning states. Second, planning actions are defined to represent steps that planners would commonly implement to address different planning needs. Finally, we have derived a reward system based on an objective function guided by physician-assigned constraints. The planning bot trained itself with 48 plans augmented from 16 previously treated patients and generated plans for 24 cases in a separate validation set. All 24 bot-generated plans achieve similar PTV coverages compared to clinical plans while satisfying all clinical planning constraints. Moreover, the knowledge learned by the bot can be visualized and interpreted as consistent with human planning knowledge, and the knowledge maps learned in separate training sessions are consistent, indicating reproducibility of the learning process.
<i>Mo<sup>2</sup>Cap<sup>2</sup> </i>: Real-time Mobile 3D <i>Mo</i>tion <i>Capture</i> with a <i>Cap</i>-mounted Fisheye Camera (2019)

We propose the first real-time system for the egocentric estimation of 3D human body pose in a wide range of unconstrained everyday activities. This setting has a unique set of challenges, such as mobility of the hardware setup, and robustness to long capture sessions with fast recovery from tracking failures. We tackle these challenges based on a novel lightweight setup that converts a standard baseball cap to a device for high-quality pose estimation based on a single cap-mounted fisheye camera. From the captured egocentric live stream, our CNN based 3D pose estimation approach runs at 60 Hz on a consumer-level GPU. In addition to the lightweight hardware setup, our other main contributions are: 1) a large ground truth training corpus of top-down fisheye images and 2) a disentangled 3D pose estimation approach that takes the unique properties of the egocentric viewpoint into account. As shown by our evaluation, we achieve lower 3D joint error as well as better 2D overlay than the existing baselines.
Clickable fluorophores for biological labeling—with or without copper (2009)

The synthesis of a set of new clickable fluorophores that virtually cover the whole visible spectrum reaching the near infra-red regime is presented herein. Besides dyes that are capable of participating in classical copper catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions with the counterparting function we have also prepared dyes containing a cyclooctyne moiety, an alkyne derivative that enables copper free clicking to azides. The suitability of these dyes for fluorescent labeling of biomolecules is presented by examples on model frameworks representing major biopolymer building blocks. The versatility of these dyes is presented in cell labeling experiments as well as by labeling the azide modified surface glycans of CHO-cells either by copper catalyzed or copper-free click reaction. These dyes are expected to have a large variety of applications in (bio)orthogonal labeling schemes both in vivo and in vitro.
Necklace-like Hollow Carbon Nanospheres from the Pentagon-Including Reactants:  Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties (2006)

Necklace-like hollow carbon nanospheres (CNSs) have been successfully synthesized from the pentagon-including reactants, which provide an auxiliary example for the theoretical prediction that necklace-like hollow CNSs are assumed to be composed of the regular occurrence of nonhexagonal rings at the atomic level. Benefits of the as-obtained hollow CNSs also arise from the high Brunauer-Emmett-Teller value of 594.32 m(2)/g and a narrow pore distribution at 5 nm. The electrochemical hydrogen storage experiments for the as-obtained necklace-like hollow CNSs exhibit a capacity of 242 mAh/g at the current density of 200 mA/g, corresponding to a hydrogen storage of 0.89 wt %, which is higher than the previously reported electrochemical capacities for the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Furthermore, the as-obtained necklace-like hollow CNSs show a lithium capacity advantage compared with the carbon solid particles for application in lithium batteries. These results indicate that the necklace-like hollow CNSs provide a new candidate for the application in hydrogen storage and lithium batteries.
Hormonal Responses to Cholinergic Input Are Different in Humans with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2016)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01434901.
Comparative study on antioxidative activity of yellow stripe trevally protein hydrolysate produced from Alcalase and Flavourzyme (2008)

Summary Antioxidative activities of protein hydrolysates from yellow stripe trevally ( Selaroides leptolepis ) prepared using Alcalase 2.4 L (HA) and Flavourzyme 500 L (HF) with the degree of hydrolysis of 15% by pH‐stat method were determined. Both protein hydrolysates exhibited the antioxidative activity in a concentration dependent manner. HF generally showed the greater antioxidative activity than HA ( P < 0.05) as indicated by the higher 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and metal chelating activity. Antioxidative activity of both hydrolysates was stable when heated at 90 °C for 10 and 30 min and subjected to a wide pH range (2–12). Nevertheless, metal chelating activity decreased in very alkaline and acidic pH ranges. HA and HF at 200 ppm retarded the formation of conjugated diene and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in lecithin liposome system. HF possessed the stronger antioxidative activity than HA ( P < 0.05). However, α‐tocopherol at 200 ppm showed the higher antioxidative activity in the system.
Dynamic positioning sensing system for estimating size and depth of embedded object (2015)

In this study, we developed a dynamic positioning sensing (DPS) system for estimating size and depth of embedded objects. The DPS System is comprised of a tactile imaging sensor (TIS), a near infrared diffuse optical imaging (DOI) unit. The TIS have a flexible and transparent sensing probe, a LED (light emitting diode) module, and a CCD camera with lens. The light from the LED-illuminated probe is scattered when a force is applied to the probe, and captured by the camera as a tactile image. TIS determined the tumor size by correlating applied force, depth and number of pixel in tactile image. On the other hand, using a near infrared laser as source and the CCD camera as detector, we obtained the diffuse optical images. From these images, we computed the absorption coefficient of the embedded tumor phantom. We maneuvered the source-detector simultaneously for collecting diffuse optics information. We termed this maneuver as dynamic positioning. The TIS provided a priori location information. The combination of the absorption coefficient, tactile data, and dynamic positioning method improved the size and depth estimation. The experimental results showed that the TIS estimated the tumor phantom size with 7.23% error, while the DPS System measured the size with 0.8% error. The TIS depth estimation error was 41.83%, and the DPS System reduced depth measurement error to 20.67%.
Direct torque controlling technique with synchronous optimized pulse pattern (2002)

The steady and dynamic features of high performance induction motor drive systems fed by voltage inverters with a switching frequency of 200-400 Hz are determined by structures used for controller and modulation. Optimized pulse patterns are applied from the medium frequency range synchronizing pulse and fundamental frequency. This work presents a direct torque-controlling technique for controlling a high performance induction motor drive system. This technique combines the demand for high dynamic torque control with the advantages of using optimized synchronous pulse patterns in steady state. >
Counter-measures to photo attacks in face recognition: A public database and a baseline (2011)

A common technique to by-pass 2-D face recognition systems is to use photographs of spoofed identities. Unfortunately, research in counter-measures to this type of attack have not kept-up even if such threats have been known for nearly a decade, there seems to exist no consensus on best practices, techniques or protocols for developing and testing spoofing-detectors for face recognition. We attribute the reason for this delay, partly, to the unavailability of public databases and protocols to study solutions and compare results. To this purpose we introduce the publicly available PRINT-ATTACK database and exemplify how to use its companion protocol with a motion-based algorithm that detects correlations between the person's head movements and the scene context. The results are to be used as basis for comparison to other counter-measure techniques. The PRINT-ATTACK database contains 200 videos of real- accesses and 200 videos of spoof attempts using printed photographs of 50 different identities.
Optimization of acoustically-driven ferromagnetic resonance devices (2019)

Acoustically-driven ferromagnetic resonance (ADFMR) has recently emerged as a powerful scientific test-bed toward understanding complex interactions between phonons and magnons. In this technique, a traditional surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay-line filter interfaces with a ferromagnetic thin-film which can be driven into precession at the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) frequency by the SAWs. SAW filters are used extensively in industry, but in the context of ADFMR, their design considerations are largely absent from the literature. We produced a variety of ADFMR devices by systematically changing parameters including the material and the number of pairs of interdigital transducers, the ferromagnetic thin-film growth technique, and the presence or the absence of a capping layer on the ferromagnetic thin-film. We quantitatively compare results by adapting traditional ferromagnetic resonance techniques. This work describes the parameters relevant to the development and optimization of SAW-driven FMR.
Routing with a scanning window-8Ma unified approach (1987)

A general approach to routing by a scanning window is presented, and an experimental switch-box router based on this approach is described. This router first grades conductor segments that are candidates to enter the window according to their estimated contributions to routing success, and then uses a quasi-maximal set of segments. A grade function that imitates human intuition is also described.