gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building terpene production platforms in yeast (2015)

Plants and microbes commonly make terpenes and terpenoids in small amounts and as complex mixtures, and their chemical synthesis is often costly and inefficient. Hence, there are many efforts to create robust and efficient biological production platforms for this interesting class of molecules. In this study, our effort was directed towards building a yeast production platform using an unbiased genetic selection approach. Yeast strain BY4741 was subjected to EMS mutagenesis, followed by selection for growth in the presence of nystatin, squalestatin, and exogenous cholesterol. This unbiased screen selected for mutant yeast lines having a dispensable mevalonate pathway and containing uncharacterized SUE (sterol uptake enhancement) mutations supporting aerobic uptake of exogenous sterol. These mutants were next screened for high level accumulation of farnesol (FOH), an indicator for high level accumulation of the key intermediate FPP, farnesyl diphosphate. To further improve the FPP pool in these mutants, insertional mutations into the ERG9 gene (coding for squalene synthase) were introduced into those lines capable of accumulating ≥50 mg farnesol/L. This generated another series of lines that accumulated farnesol levels over 70 mg/L in small-scale shake cultures. To evaluate the utility of these lines as a general production platform for specific terpenes, select SUE/erg9 lines were transformed with a vector harboring the Hyoscyamus muticus premnaspirodiene synthase (HPS) gene encoding for a sesquiterpene synthase. The new yeast line ZX178-08 accumulated the highest level of premnaspirodiene, up to 116 mg/L, with FOH levels of 23.6 mg/L. In comparison, the parental line BY4741 accumulated 10 times less premnaspirodiene, 10.94 mg/L, with no farnesol detectable. Co-expression of the HPS gene with an amino-terminal truncated, catalytic form of the hamster HMGR gene, tHMGR, increased premnaspirodiene accumulation to 170.23 ± 30.44 mg/L, almost a 50% increase. Further utility of this yeast line was demonstrated for triterpene production. When engineered for the production of a non-native triterpene, Zx178-08 accumulated upwards of 60 mg/L of botryococcene. To engineer more native triterpene accumulation, additional insertion mutants into the ERG1 gene (coding for squalene epoxidase) were evaluated. Insertion of a simple selection marker followed by over-expression of a heterologous squalene synthase gene resulted in greater than 85 mg/L of squalene. However, when the ERG1 insertional mutant included chromosomal insertion of a truncated, heterologous HMGR gene, squalene production was more than tripled to 270 mg/L. These results are discussed in comparison to other recently developed terpene production platforms.
Layered Double Hydroxides‐Supported Diisopropylamide: Synthesis, Characterization and Application in Organic Reactions (2006)

Abstract The layered double hydroxides‐supported diisopropylamide (LDH‐DA) catalyst is found to be an efficient and selective solid base for aldol, Knoevenagel, Henry, Michael, transesterification and epoxidation reactions under liquid phase conditions. LDH‐DA is synthesized by the interaction of lithium diisopropylamide with LDH‐NO 3 (as‐synthesized) and calcined LDH‐NO 3 . The LDH‐DA (Mg/Al, 3/1) and their precursors are well characterized by using various instrumental techniques such as FT‐IR, TGA and DTA, powder XRD, solid state 27 Al MAS NMR spectroscopy, SEM and XPS (ESCA).
Process for the conversion of carbonaceous materials. [29 claims] (1976)

A process is provided for the conversion (including upgrading of solid carbonaceous materials, and in particular for the hydrogenation of coal slurries. The process comprises passing a slurry composed of solid carbonaceous material and solvent, together with hydrogen through a reaction vessel that contains a plurality of reaction zones separated by porous partitions. A portion of said zones is adapted to contain a solid particulate hydrogenation catalyst which will not pass through said porous partitions. The remainder of said zones forms substantially unobstructed passageways through said reaction vessel. The volumetric proportion of substantially unobstructed passageways to catalyst zones is preferably from about 20:1 to about 1:10.
Complementary-LVTSCR ESD protection circuit for submicron CMOS VLSI/ULSI (1996)

There is one LVTSCR device merged with short-channel NMOS and another LVTSCR device merged with short-channel PMOS in a complementary style to offer effective and direct ESD discharging paths from the input or output pads to VSS and VDD power lines. The trigger voltages of LVTSCR devices are lowered to the snapback-breakdown voltages of short-channel NMOS and PMOS devices. This complementary-LVTSCR ESD protection circuit offers four different discharging paths to one-by-one bypass the four modes of ESD stresses at the pad, so it can effectively avoid unexpected ESD damage on internal circuits. Experimental results show that it provides excellent ESD protection capability in a smaller layout area as compared to the conventional CMOS ESD protection circuit. The device characteristics under a high-temperature environment of up to 150/spl deg/C are also experimentally investigated to guarantee the safety of this proposed ESD protection circuit.
Context Model Based SOA Policy Framework (2010)

With the popularity of SOA, SOA policy becomes one of the core technical enablers for SOA governance and management. Different in several aspects from traditional policy for distributed system management, policy applied in SOA solutions needs to take into account various policy types and enforcement points in different layers of SOA solution stack and different phases of SOA lifecycle. As well, it has the unique requirements on compliance to match existing SOA technologies and characteristics, as simplicity, standardization, high performance, etc. In this paper, a novel context model based SOA policy management framework by innovatively extending W3C Service Modeling Language (SML) and ISO Schematron is introduced. Firstly, a common context model distilled from SOA policy types typically including service policy, service governance policy, application policy and business policy, is presented. Then, the core components - context model based policy engine and definition tool are described. Finally, it is illustrated how the unified definition tools and policy engine are manipulated within the context model based SOA policy framework to manage and enforce policies in typical scenarios as service meta-data management, service match making and business process management. Based on the project, we participated in the works for defining W3C SML V1.1 working draft and proposed the works introduced in this paper to W3C SML Working Group. This paper demonstrates how these technologies and architectures significantly enhance the capability of SOA governance and management throughout whole SOA lifecycle and spanning the layers of SOA solution stack.
Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene and Diesel Oils by a Newly Isolated <i>Gordona</i> Strain, CYKS1 (1998)

A dibenzothiophene (DBT)-desulfurizing bacterial strain was isolated and identified as Gordona strain CYKS1. Strain CYKS1 was found to transform DBT to 2-hydroxybiphenyl via the 4S pathway and to be able to also use organic sulfur compounds other than DBT as a sole sulfur source. Its desulfurization activity was susceptible to sulfate repression. Active resting cells for desulfurization could be prepared only in the early growth phase. When two types of diesel oils, middle distillate unit feed (MDUF) and light gas oil (LGO) containing various organic sulfur compounds including DBT, were treated with resting cells of strain CYKS1 for 12 h, the total sulfur content significantly decreased, from 0.15% (wt/wt) to 0.06% (wt/wt) for MDUF and from 0.3% (wt/wt) to 0.25% (wt/wt) for LGO. The newly isolated strain CYKS1 is considered to have good potential for application in the biodesulfurization of fossil fuels.
Four-Cores FBG Probe Based on Capillary Self-Assembly Fabrication Technique for 3D Measurement (2016)

A three-dimensional (3D) four-cores fiber Bragg grating (FBG) probe is developed by doubling the twin FBG structure to extend the 2D radial tactile capacity of an FBG probe. The measuring principle of the four-cores FBG is thoroughly investigated and the four-cores structure is also found to have a benefit of orthogonal radial decoupling capacity. To avoid the inscription of four-cores FBG and usage of fan-out device, and make the four-cores fiber customizable, a new approach, capillary self-assembly technique of optical fibers, is researched and an external constraint is introduced into a self-assembly system to fabricate square four-cores FBG using four single-core FBGs. The spectrum characteristic and performance of the four-cores FBG probe are thus much improved. Advantages of the probe and fabrication technique are low cost, customizable design, high precision, and high aspect ratio.
Multi-Scale Enveloping Spectrogram for Bearing Defect Detection (2005)

This paper presents a new signal processing technique for bearing defect detection, called Multi-Scale Enveloping Spectrogram (MUSENS). The technique decomposes vibration signals measured on rolling bearings into different scales by means of a continuous wavelet transform (CWT). The envelope signal in each scale is then calculated from the modulus of the wavelet coefficients. Subsequently, Fourier transform is performed repetitively on the envelope of the signal at each scale, resulting in an “envelop spectrum” of the original signal at the various scales. The final output is a three-dimensional scale-frequency map that indicates the intensity and location of the defect-related frequency lines.
The structural immunology of antibody protection against West Nile virus (2008)

Recent investigations of the interaction between the West Nile virus (WNV) envelope protein (E) and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have elucidated fundamental insights into the molecular mechanisms of neutralization. Structural studies have defined an epitope on the lateral ridge of domain III (DIII-lr) of the WNV E protein that is recognized by antibodies with the strongest neutralizing activity in vitro and in vivo. Antibodies that bind this epitope are highly potent because they efficiently block at a post-entry step of viral infection with relatively low virion occupancy requirements. In this review, we discuss the structural, molecular, and immunologic basis for antibody-mediated protection against WNV, and its implications for novel therapeutic or vaccine strategies.
A floating-gate memory cell for continuous-time programming (2012)

As an apt choice for long-term analog memory in standard CMOS processes, floating-gate transistors are key enablers for large-scale programmable analog systems. Such systems are often designed for battery-powered-and generally resource-constrained-applications, which require the memory cells to program quickly with low infrastructural overhead. In order to meet these needs, we present a new analog floating-gate memory cell. Our four-transistor memory cell offers both voltage and current outputs and has linear injection and tunneling characteristics. Furthermore, we present a simple programming circuit that forces the memory cell to converge to voltage targets within 100ms and with 8-bit accuracy.
Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Opioid Receptor Affinity of 9,10-Diazatricyclo[4.2.1.1<sup>2,5</sup>]decanes and 2,7-Diazatricyclo[4.4.0.0<sup>3,8</sup>]decanes Structurally Related to 3,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes (2000)

Various lines of evidence, including molecular modeling studies, imply that the endoethylenic bridge of 3,8-diazabicyclo[3.2. 1]octanes (DBO, 1) plays an essential role in modulating affinity toward mu opioid receptors. This hypothesis, together with the remarkable analgesic properties observed for N(3) propionyl, N(8) arylpropenyl derivatives (2) and of the reverted isomers (3), has prompted us to insert an additional endoethylenic bridge on the piperazine moiety in order to identify derivatives with increased potency toward this receptor class. In the present report, we describe the synthesis of the novel compounds 9,10-diazatricyclo[4.2. 1.1(2,5)]decane (4) and 2,7-diazatricyclo[4.4.0.0(3,8)]decane (5), as well as the representative derivatives functionalized at the two nitrogen atoms by propionyl and arylpropenyl groups (6a-e, 7a-d). Opioid receptor binding assays revealed that, among the compounds tested, the N-propionyl-N-cinnamyl derivatives 6a and 7a exhibited the highest mu-receptor affinity, and remarkably, compound 7a displayed in vivo (mice) an analgesic potency 6-fold that of morphine.
A piezoelectric beam actuator with a pure twisting response (2017)

We present for the first time ever, a piezoelectric beam actuator that can be directly driven in pure torsion. The beam actuator is designed with interdigitated electrodes (IDEs), on both its top and bottom surfaces. The IDEs are used for both poling and driving. When the IDEs are driven by a voltage with the same polarity as used for poling, they induce a combination of shear and expansion strains, close to the top and bottom surfaces. The expansion strains at the top and bottom surfaces are similar, and hence they produce no net bending. However, the shear strains at the top and bottom surfaces are in opposite directions, and they produce a pure twist. If the IDEs on the top and bottom surfaces are driven by the same voltage but in opposite polarity, then a pure bending response is produced. We experimentally demonstrate that the actuator can be driven in either pure torsion or in pure bending, with negligible cross-coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTICAL ABSORPTION OF SILVER IN PHOTOCHROMIC GLASSES: OPTICALLY INDUCED DICHROISM (1980)

Abstract Das Absorptionsspektrum von UV‐geschwärzten photochromen Gläsern auf Aghalogenid‐Basis ändert sich mit der Glaszusammensetzung und der photochromen Wärmebehandlung.
Fair access of multi-priority traffic to distributed-queue dual-bus networks (1991)

Bandwidth balancing is a procedure that gradually achieves a fair allocation of bandwidth among simultaneous file transfers on a distributed-queue dual-bus (DQDB) network. Bandwidth balancing was originally designed for traffic of a single priority level. Three ways are demonstrated to extend this procedure to multi-priority traffic.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Efficient guaranteed search for gray-level patterns (2002)

We address the problem of locating a gray-level pattern in a gray-level image. The pattern can have been transformed by an affine transformation, and may have undergone some additional changes. We define a difference function based on comparing each pixel of the pattern with a window in the image, and search efficiently for transformations that minimize the difference function. The search is guaranteed: it will always find the transformation minimising the difference function, and not get fooled by a local minimum; it is also efficient, in that it does not need to examine every transformation in order to achieve this guarantee. This technique can be applied to object location, motion tracking, optical flow, or block-based motion compensation in video image sequence compression (e.g., MPEG).
Preparation of Magnesium-Rare Earth Master Alloy Using Electrowinning Method with Subsidence Cathode (2005)

A new series of magnesium-rare earth master alloys have been developed by the electrowinning method with subsidence cathode in the KCl•NaCl-RECl3 system. The electrolysis conditions were studied. Experimental results showed that the optimum for electrolyte at 850oC and 10~20wt% RECl3 content in the molten salt system. The current efficiency of electrolyte increased with increasing the rare earth content and reach the maximum at the content of 20% RECl3. The current efficiency gradually decreased with increasing cathode current density. The component of master-alloys was analyzed using ICP-MS and chemical method. A series of magnesium-rare earth master-alloy, Mg-Y, Mg-Nd, Mg-Ce, Mg-La, Mg-Nd-rich and Mg-LPC were successfully prepared and the content of rare earth is adjustable between 5 – 20%.
Parallel quadratic programming for image processing (2011)

Many image processing and computer vision problems can be solved as quadratic programs in the nonnegative cone. This paper develops a provably convergent multiplicative update that has a simple form and is amenable to fine-grained data parallelism. Classic algorithms for deblurring, matrix factorization, and tomography are recovered as special cases. This paper also demonstrates applications to super-resolution, labeling and segmentation.
Micro-fluidic Flow Switching by Using an Optical Beam (2011)

We report on the application of an optical beam to redirect sheathed micro-fluidic flow without direct interaction with the sample. The hydrodynamic properties of the sheath are locally modified resulting in a sample location shift.
6-Hydroxydiscodermindole, A New Discodermindole from the Marine Sponge<i>Discodermia polydiscus</i> (2004)

6-Hydroxydiscodermindole (2), a new discodermindole analogue, has been isolated from the deep-water marine sponge Discodermia polydiscus. It showed marginal in vitro cytotoxicity against cultured murine P388 leukemia cells. The isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity of 6-hydroxydiscodermindole (2) is described.
IgG4‐mediated autoimmune diseases: a niche of antibody‐mediated disorders (2018)

Immunoglobulin 4 (IgG4) is one of four human IgG subclasses and has several unique functional characteristics. It exhibits low affinity for complement and for most Fc receptors. It furthermore has generally high affinity for its antigen, with binding occurring in a monovalent fashion, as IgG4 can exchange Fab-arms with other IgG4 molecules. Because of these characteristics, IgG4 is believed to block its targets and prevent inflammation, which, depending on the setting, can have a protective or pathogenic effect. One example of IgG4 pathogenicity is muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) myasthenia gravis (MG), in which patients develop IgG4 MuSK autoantibodies, resulting in muscle weakness. As a consequence of the distinct IgG4 characteristics, the pathomechanism of MuSK MG is very different from IgG1-and IgG3-mediated autoimmune diseases, such as acetylcholine receptor MG. In recent years, new autoantibodies in a spectrum of autoimmune diseases have been discovered. Interestingly, some were found to be predominantly IgG4. These IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases share many pathomechanistic aspects with MuSK MG, suggesting that IgG4-mediated autoimmunity forms a separate niche among the antibody-mediated disorders. In this review, we summarize the group of IgG4-mediated autoimmune diseases, discuss the role of IgG4 in MuSK MG, and highlight interesting future research questions for IgG4-mediated autoimmunity.
3-Substituted thieno[2,3-b][1,4]thiazine-6-sulfonamides. A novel class of topically active carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (1994)

3-Aminoalkyl derivatives of thieno[2,3-b][1,4]thiazine-6-sulfonamide were prepared for evaluation as topically active ocular hypotensive agents. The compounds described were found to be excellent in vitro inhibitors of carbonic anhydrase II and in vivo to lower intraocular pressure in three rabbit models of ocular hypertension. Compounds 20A, 20B, and 20C met the requirement of formulation as a 1% solution at pH 5.2, but none of the compounds described exhibited greater activity in the normotensive albino rabbit, the alpha-chymotrypsin-treated albino rabbit, or the normotensive pigmented rabbit than MK-927 or MK-507, the present clinical candidates.
A differential detection scheme for transmit diversity (2000)

We present a transmission scheme for exploiting diversity given by two transmit antennas when neither the transmitter nor the receiver has access to channel state information. The new detection scheme can use equal energy constellations and encoding is simple. At the receiver, decoding is achieved with low decoding complexity. The transmission provides full spatial diversity and requires no channel state side information at the receiver. The scheme can be considered as the extension of differential detection schemes to two transmit antennas.
Design for low test pattern counts (2015)

This paper presents a new method to design digital circuits for low pattern counts, one of the key factors shaping cost-effective VLSI test schemes. The method identifies the largest conflicts between internal signals that prevent efficient test compaction in ATPG. These locations are modified by inserting conflict-reducing test points (CRTP) to significantly reduce the ATPG-produced pattern counts. Experimental results obtained for large industrial designs with on-chip test compression demonstrate, on average, 3x -- 4x reduction in stuck-at and transition patterns and 3x shorter ATPG times.
Antitumor Imidazotetrazines. 35. New Synthetic Routes to the Antitumor Drug Temozolomide (1997)

Three new pathways to the antitumor drug temozolomide (4) have been explored via intermediates 3, 6, and 7. The key intermediate 5-amino-1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (6) has been successfully converted to 4 in 45% yield by employing sodium nitrite in aqueous tartaric acid at 0-5 degrees C. Compound 6 is prepared from nitrophenyl carbamate 14a and methylamine or directly from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide (13) and either methyl isocyanate or N-methylcarbamoyl chloride. Temozolomide (4) is also prepared from 8-cyano-3-methylimidazo[5,1-d]-1,2,3,5-tetrazin-4(3H)-one (7) by hydrolysis to the hydrochloride salt of 4 in 10 M hydrochloric acid. Compound 7is prepared from either 5-diazoimidazole-4-carbonitrile (28) and methyl isocyanate or by diazotization of 5-amino-1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)imidazole-4-carbonitrile (25). Attempts to cyclize 5-(3-methyltriazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (3) with phosgene or phosgene equivalents were unsuccessful: only 2-azahypoxanthine (11) was isolated.
Purification of Hepatitis B Antigen Associated Particles: Use of a Reorienting Gradient Rotor (1973)

The SZ-14 reorienting density gradient rotor (Ivan Sorvall, Inc., Newton, CT) having a sample capacity of approximately 50 ml may be used for the purification of viruses under appropriate conditions which are described. The procedure has been successfully applied to the purification of the diverse particle types associated with hepatitis B antigen under conditions minimizing the danger of laboratory contamination during centrifugation.