gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Concentrations of EGFR, LRG1, ITIH4, and F5 in Serum Correlate with the Number of Colonic Adenomas in <i>ApcPirc</i> /+ Rats (2014)

The development of noninvasive methods for early detection of colon cancer is critical for the successful management of this disease. Using a targeted quantitative proteomics technique, we assessed the ability of 12 serum proteins to detect the presence of colonic polyps in the Apc(Pirc) (/+) rat model of familial colon cancer. Serum protein candidates were selected from gene transcripts upregulated in colonic tumors of Apc(Pirc) (/+) rats and from a prior study of serum proteins differentially expressed in mice carrying intestinal adenomas. Proteins were quantified at early stages of polyp formation in a rat cohort monitored longitudinally by colonoscopy over a period of 75 days. Of the 12 proteins monitored at three distinct time points, seven showed differential expression in at least one time point in the serum from Apc(Pirc) (/+) rats compared with wild-type rats. Tumor multiplicity correlated with protein expression changes, and most tumors grew during the study. EGFR, LRG1, ITIH4, and F5 displayed the most robust tumor-associated protein expression changes over time. Receiver operator characteristic analysis using these four proteins resulted in a sensitivity of 100%, a specificity of 80%, and an area under the curve of 0.93 at 135 days of age, when the Pirc rats bore an average of 19 tumors in the colon and seven in the small intestine. The results of this study demonstrate that the quantitative analysis of a panel of serum proteins can detect the presence of early intestinal tumors in a rat model, and provides support for future measurements in humans.
Emerging Histomorphologic Phenotypes of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in American Athletes (2011)

The emerging histomorphologic features of our CTE cohort may specify histologic criteria for CTE diagnosis, may identify emerging histologic variants of CTE and may facilitate more objective surveillance and accurate identification of sentinel CTE cases.
Peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates specifically degraded by matrix metalloproteinases expressed from tumor (2006)

Abstract Specific peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates were developed for targeting matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expressed from tumors. The peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates were designed to be cleaved by MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in order that doxorubicin or the active form that acts as an anticancer agent was released free from the peptide fragment at the tumor site. Three types of peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates were synthesized using the peptides: GPLG (Gly‐Pro‐Leu‐Gly), GPLGV (Gly‐Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐Val), and GPLGPAG (Gly‐Pro‐Leu‐Gly‐Pro‐Ala‐Gly). The synthesized peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates were characterized for their degradation behavior and bioactivity in vitro, and their antitumoral activity was assessed using the Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) model, which expresses MMP‐2 and MMP‐9. After incubation with active MMP‐2 for 24 h, GPLG‐doxorubicin was barely degraded, whereas GPLGV‐doxorubicin and GPLGPAG‐doxorubicin were considerably degraded by active MMP‐2. Consequently, all peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates had significantly low cytotoxicity compared to doxorubicin, but tumor growth suppression was exhibited only by GPLGV‐doxorubicin and GPLGPAG‐doxorubicin. The tumor growth suppression by the two conjugates was higher compared to control, although it did not exceed the suppression level shown by doxorubicin. The low toxicity exhibited by peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates resulted in only slight body weight loss in mice, whereas doxorubicin greatly reduced body weight and induced severe side effects. Therefore, we propose MMPs‐specific peptide‐doxorubicin conjugates in targeting anti‐cancer drug delivery that could reduce systemic toxicities. Drug Dev. Res. 67:438–447, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling Head and Hand Orientation during Motion using Quaternions (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Some body parts, such as the head and the hand, change their orientation during motion. Orientation can be conveniently and elegantly represented using quaternions. The method has several advantages over Euler angles in that the problem of gimbal lock is avoided and that the orientation is represented by a single mathematical object rather than a collection of angles that can be redefined in various arbitrary ways. The use of quaternions has been popular in animation applications for some time, especially for interpolating motions. We will introduce some new applications involving statistical methods for quaternions that will allow us to present meaningful averages of repeated motions involving orientations and make regression predictions of orientation. For example, we can model how the glancing behavior of the head changes according to the target of the reach and other factors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">We will give a brief introduction to the mathematics of quaternions and how they can be used to represent orientations. We will compare it to other methods of representation. Due to the quite different mathematics involved, existing statistical methods cannot be directly applied and even simple concepts such as the average, need to be defined. We will introduce a method to analyze orientation over time via functional regression analysis with the help of quaternion splines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">We will demonstrate the utility of these methods for analyzing orientation data. We will show an application to the prediction of head and hand orientation during motion.</div>
High spectral resolution reflectance spectroscopy of minerals (1990)

The reflectance spectra of minerals are studied as a function of spectral resolution in the range from 0.2 to 3.0 μm. Selected absorption bands were studied at resolving powers (λ/Δλ) as high as 2240. At resolving powers of approximately 1000, many OH‐bearing minerals show diagnostic sharp absorptions at the resolution limit. At low resolution, some minerals may not be distinguishable, but as the resolution is increased, most can be easily identified. As the resolution is increased, many minerals show fine structure, particularly in the OH‐stretching overtone region near 1.4 μm. The fine structure can enhance the ability to discriminate between minerals, and in some cases the fine structure can be used to determine elemental composition. For example, in amphiboles and talcs, four absorption bands are observed in the samples analyzed in this study that are due to hydroxyl linked to Mg 3 , Mg 2 Fe, MgFe 2 , and Fe 3 sites. The band intensities have been shown by other investigators to give the Fe:Fe+Mg ratio from transmission spectra. This study shows that the same equations can be used to obtain the ratio from reflectance spectra of unprepared samples. High‐resolution reflectance Spectroscopy of minerals may prove to be a very important tool in the laboratory, in the field using field‐portable spectrometers, from aircraft, and from satellites looking at Earth or other planetary surfaces.
Fangchinoline Induced G1/S Arrest by Modulating Expression of p27, PCNA, and Cyclin D in Human Prostate Carcinoma Cancer PC3 Cells and Tumor Xenograft (2010)

Prostate cancer (PCA) is the most common invasive malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in males. The present study investigated the effects of fangchinoline (Fan), an important compound in Stephania Tetradra S. Moore (Fenfangji) with pain-relieving, blood pressure-depressing, and antibiotic activities, on human PCA. It was found that Fan inhibited human prostate cancer cell lines (PC3) cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Studies of cell-cycle progression showed that the anti-proliferative effect of Fan was associated with an increase in the G1/S phase of PC3 cells. Western blot results indicated that Fan-induced G1/S phase arrest was mediated through inhibition of cyclin-regulated signaling pathways. Fan induced p27 expression and inhibited cyclin D and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression in PC3 cells. Increased exposure time to Fan caused apoptosis of PC3 cells, which was associated with up-regulation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and caspase 3, and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Furthermore, Fan had anti-tumorigenic activity in vivo, including reduction of tumor volume and pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects in a PC3 nude mouse xenograft. Taking all this together, it can be concluded that Fan is an effective anti-proliferative agent that modulates cell growth regulators in prostate cancer cells.
『베니스에서의 죽음』 연구(1) -매체 특성에 따른 소설과 영화의 서사구조- (2007)

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Erzahlstrukturen der Novelle Tod in Venedig Thomas Manns(1912) und des Films Morte a Venezia Luchino Viscontis.(1971) Als der Film Viscontis uraufgefuhrt wurde, wurde er, nicht ohne negative Einwande, von vielen Filmkritikern als eine gutgelungene Literaturverfilmung gepriesen und das gilt heute noch. Der Inhalt des Films ist nicht identisch mit dem der Novelle. Der Film beginnt mit dem 3. Kapitel der Erzahlung unter Verzicht auf das 1. und 2. Kapitel und verwandelt die Hauptfigur Aschenbach vom Schriftsteller der Novelle zu einem verlorenen Komponisten. Der Regisseur schiebt noch 7 Ruckblenden in die filmische Handlung ein, die hauptsachlich dem spaten Roman Manns Doktor Faustus(1947) entliehen sind. Auber diesen Veranderungen folgt der Film sehr genau der Novelle. Ich habe gezeigt, wie pedantisch der Regisseur die Schilderungen von Charakteren, Gesten, Dingen und Umwelt in der Novelle nachgebildet hat. Der Regisseur Visconti hat diese Schilderungen in die Atmosphare von Lido und Hotel optisch und visuell imponierend eingefuhrt. Durch die Umwandlung der Hauptfigur tritt an die Stelle des Wortes in der Novelle die Musik im Film. Dadurch wird im Film die Musik sehr wichtig. Ich habe versucht, den Grund zu recherchieren, warum Visconti den Musiker statt des Dichters und die Musilk statt des Wortes so stark bevorzug hat. Ich habe erklart, dass dies durch die medienspezifischen Merkmale des Films geschehen ist, in dem alles optisch ausgedruckt werden muss. Aber die Haupttugend des Films liegt in seiner Erzahlstruktur. Im Falle der Novelle liegt die Erzahlstruktur in der Verbindung oder dem Austausch von der auktorialen und personalen Erzahlperspektive. Visconti hat diese Erzahlstruktur Manns sehr gut verstanden und versucht, sie in seinem Film durch die Kamerafuhrung zu verwirklichen. Er hat seine Absicht so ausgezeichnet medienspezifisch realisiert. Ich habe in ein paar Szenen nachzuweisen versucht, wie der Regisseur im Film von diesem Erzahlverfahren Gebrauch gemacht hat. Vor allem durch diese gleiche Erzahlstruktur mit der Novelle gilt der Film heute noch als ein musterhaftes Beispiel der Literaturverfilmung. Der Erzahlstruktur von Film und Novelle bin ich deshalb nachgegangen, weil man sich bei den intermedialen Untersuchungen ofters ohne objektive Kriterien verhalt. Ich hoffe, durch die Analyse der Erzahlstrukturen beider Medien ein wissenschaftlich objektives Kriterium aufstellen zu konnen.
Thin Layer Sonoelectrochemistry (2014)

Ultrasound irradiation of electrodes in a thin electrolyte layer improves heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics. 1,2 A bulk fluid irradiated with ultrasonic energy of sufficient intensity generates bubbles by compression and rarefaction. On bubble collapse, extremes of temperature (T ≳ 5000 K) and pressure (P ≳ 10³ atm) are generated at the narrow interface between the fluid and bubble void 3 . In bulk fluids, ultrasound enhances transport and impacts homogeneous reactions, but the energy attenuates. In prior sonoelectrochemical studies (first by Coury), bulk electrolyte was irradiated with sufficient ultrasonic intensity to generate cavitation. Cavitation increased homogeneous reaction rates, transport, and turbulence. No effects on heterogeneous electron transfer were found. In a thin layer sonoelectrochemical system (Figure 1), heterogeneous electron transfer rates increase. Thin layers have two advantages for harvesting sound energy 2 . Sound waves reflect back into the thin layer | air interface to retain energy. Losses from attenuation are less within thin layers. No frank cavitation is observed in thin layers. Electrolyte fills the well to form a meniscus. Cyclic voltammograms are recorded for each Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and Fe 3+ with and without sonication (Figure 2). Sonication intensity can be varied. Sonication has no impact on the voltammetry for Ru(bpy) 3 2+ for which electron transfer rates are rapid compared to the scan rate. Sonication does not impact transport. Rates of Fe 3+ reduction increases with sonication intensity, as shown by the more rapid rise in current on sonication. Peak potentials shift because the reference is shifting. Where rates are slow, sonication increases heterogeneous electron transfer rates without significantly impact on diffusional transport 1 . References and Acknowledgments : Support of the National Science Foundation and the University of Iowa is gratefully acknowledged. With thanks to Andrej Wieckowski for his explorations and contributions to understanding electrocatalysis. [1] Chester G. Duda, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Iowa, 2012. [2] J. Leddy, C.G. Duda, and W.J. Leddy III, Provisional U.S. Patent application, 2013 . [3] K.S. Suslick, Y. Didenko, M.M. Fang, T. Hyeon, K.J. Kolbeck, M.M. Mdleleni, and M. Wong, Acoustic Cavitation , Phil. Trans. Royal Soc. A 1999.
Flibe-Tritium Research for Fission or Fusion Reactors at Kyushu University (2013)

There is increasing interest in using ionic molten-salt Flibe not only as self-cooled tritium(T)-breeding material in a fusion reactor blanket but also as fuel solvent of molten-salt fission reactors. Application of Flibe to T-breeding fluid for a stellarator-type fusion reactor operated at a high magnetic field brings large simplification of its blanket structure, allowing continuous operation under high-beta plasma conditions. Using mixed Flibe-ThF4+UF4 fuel in molten salt fission reactors permits stable long-term operation without fuel exchange. When Flibe or Flinak is irradiated by neutrons, however, acid and corrosive TF is generated, and some T permeates through structural walls. In order to solve these problems, chemical conditions of Flibe are changed using the redox-control reaction, Be+2TF=BeF2+T2. In addition, permeation of hydrogen isotopes is lowered by enhancing T recovery rates. Part of Flibe-tritium researches are performed at Idaho National Laboratory (INL) under the Japan-US collaboration work of JUPITER-II. Our own contributions to the topics are shortly introduced in this paper.
Design of fluorescently tagged poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for human brain endothelial cell imaging (2010)

Rhodamine B-tagged poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) amphiphilic copolymers have been synthesised, characterised and successfully used to prepare fluorescent nanoparticles for human brain endothelial cell imaging, allowing their uptake and intracellular trafficking to be finely observed.
High Performance, Low Energy Ion Source (1978)

An ion accelerator system using one or two fine mesh tungsten grids has been used in a magnetic multipole containment ion source to produce a continuous positive ion beam variable over a wide range of beam currents and accelerator voltages. The ion source plasma is low noise and uniform to ± 1% density variation over 9 cm diameter. Beams up to 4 cm × 4 cm have been extracted which have low divergence (±1%), uniform current density (±2%), small ion energy speed, beam ion energy variable from 200V to several thousand volts, and current densities variable from μA per cm2 to tens of milliamperes per cm2, limited only by acceleration grid power loading or sputtering.
Falls in the elderly. (2000)

Falls are the leading cause of injury-related visits to emergency departments in the United States and the primary etiology of accidental deaths in persons over the age of 65 years. The mortality rate for falls increases dramatically with age in both sexes and in all racial and ethnic groups, with falls accounting for 70 percent of accidental deaths in persons 75 years of age and older. Falls can be markers of poor health and declining function, and they are often associated with significant morbidity. More than 90 percent of hip fractures occur as a result of falls, with most of these fractures occurring in persons over 70 years of age. One third of community-dwelling elderly persons and 60 percent of nursing home residents fall each year. Risk factors for falls in the elderly include increasing age, medication use, cognitive impairment and sensory deficits. Outpatient evaluation of a patient who has fallen includes a focused history with an emphasis on medications, a directed physical examination and simple tests of postural control and overall physical function. Treatment is directed at the underlying cause of the fall and can return the patient to baseline function.
Potentially Allergenic Airborne Particles in the Vicinity of a Yeast and Penicillin Production Plant (1989)

Potential health risks of exposure to emissions of a yeast and penicillin production plant were investigated by measuring viable particles and protein contents of particles in ambient air. The results showed a clear decrease of the downwind number of yeast colony-forming units with increasing distance from the source. Upwind the number of yeast colony-forming units was zero. Identification showed that nearly all yeast were of the species Saccharomices cerevisiae. Such a trend could not be found for the total number of colony-forming units (yeasts, molds, and bacteria) although the upwind concentration was slightly lower than the downwind concentration. The downwind protein concentration was significantly elevated compared to the upwind concentration.
Evaluation of antinutritional factors of selected varieties ofPhaseolus vulgaris (1999)

The antinutrient composition of 19 varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (L) grown in different localities of Spain was determined. Moreover, eight of the 19 varieties were grown in two different environmental areas with the aim of studying the influence of variety and environment on antinutrients and the existence of relationships between some antinutritional factors. The content of sucrose and raffinose oligosaccharides was determined by HPLC. Stachyose was the predominant α-galactoside in all the samples. Raffinose and verbascose were also present in significant quantities. Capillary-gas chromatography of the bean samples revealed only one peak corresponding to soyasapogenol B, which is common to both saponins I and V. The content of lectins (PHA) determined by ELISA methodology showed a high variation. Statistical analyses of data established that the compounds analysed were influenced by both variety and environment. The possibility of selecting some varieties to be used for large-scale cultivation in Spain is discussed. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry
Circadian and Noncircadian Modulation of Autophagy in Photoreceptors and Retinal Pigment Epithelium (2014)

Activation of autophagy in the outer retina exhibits a bimodal pattern that correlates with shifts in transduction proteins within the photoreceptor and by circadian ingestion of outer segments in the RPE. These dynamic shifts suggest a critical role for this pathway in maintaining homeostasis, with further study needed to define the mechanisms underlying the regulation of this phenomenon.
Western Blotting: Immunoblotting (2009)

Abstract Western blotting is a method by which proteins that have been physically separated and subsequently immobilized on the surface of a membrane are probed for reactivity with different types of affinity reagents, such as antibodies, receptors, are tested for the presence of interacting proteins in pure preparations or complex mixtures. Immunoblotting and the major steps of the procedure are described. It concerns the most commonly applied separation technique: sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDSPAGE); the major transfer techniques: semidry or tank blotting; the many protein stains where the choice is depending on the sensitivity wanted and selection of the right blocking procedure. Visualization of bound probes represents a major issue as the variations are legio, but where the use of enzyme conjugated antibodies for colorimetric, chemo‐ and bioluminiscence is the most applied ones. The limits for quantitative use of the technique, the specificity problem crucial for a proper interpretation and various application, are described. Key concepts The nomenclature including geographical terms. Overview of the many variants of the steps of the immunoblotting procedure. Knowledge of the commonly appearing pitfalls of the technical process. The limits for using immunoblotting for quantification purpose. Understanding the importance of antibody specificity and use of controls for correct interpretation of the patterns.
Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed Enantioselective γ-Lactams Formation by Intramolecular C–H Amidation of 1,4,2-Dioxazol-5-ones (2019)

We report the Ru-catalyzed enantioselective annulation of 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones to furnish γ-lactams in up to 97% yield and 98% ee via intramolecular carbonylnitrene C—H insertion. By employing chiral diphenylethylene diamine (dpen) as ligands bearing electron-withdrawing arylsulfonyl substituents, the reactions occur with remarkable chemo- and enantioselectivities; the competing Curtius-type rearrangement was largely suppressed. Enantioselective nitrene insertion to allylic/propargylic C—H bonds was also achieved with remarkable tolerance to the C═C and C≡C bonds.
Development and testing of underbalanced drilling products (1995)

The first objective of this project is to develop a user-friendly, PC, foam drilling computer model, FOAM, which will accurately predict frictional pressure drops, cuttings lifting velocity, foam quality, and other drilling variables. The model will allow operating and service companies to accurately predict pressures and flow rates required at the surface and downhole to efficiently drill oil and gas wells with foam systems. The second objective of this project is to develop a lightweight drilling fluid that utilizes hollow glass spheres to reduce the density of the fluid and allow drilling underbalanced in low-pressure reservoirs. Since the resulting fluid will be incompressible, hydraulics calculations are greatly simplified, and expensive air compressors and booster pumps are eliminated. This lightweight fluid will also eliminate corrosion and downhole fire problems encountered with aerated fluids. Many tight-gas reservoirs in the US are attractive targets for underbalanced drilling because they are located in hard-rock country where tight, low-permeability formations compound the effect of formation damage encountered with conventional drilling fluids.
Varenicline, an α4β2 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Partial Agonist, vs Sustained-Release Bupropion and Placebo for Smoking Cessation<SUBTITLE>A Randomized Controlled Trial</SUBTITLE> (2006)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00141206.