gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast algorithm for reconstruction‐based superresolution and evaluation of its accuracy (2007)

Abstract A superresolution process produces a high‐resolution image from a set of low‐resolution images. Reconstruction‐based algorithms to produce the high‐resolution image which minimizes the difference between observed images and images estimated from the high‐resolution image with a camera model have been developed. The reconstruction‐based algorithm requires iterative calculation and has a large calculation cost because reconstruction‐based superresolution is a large‐scale problem. In this paper, a fast algorithm for reconstruction‐based superresolution is proposed. The proposed algorithm reduces the number of observed pixel value estimations from the high‐resolution image, using an average of pixel values in a divided region. The effect of our proposed algorithm is demonstrated with synthetic images and real images. The results show that the proposed algorithm is about 1.4 to 8.5 times faster than conventional algorithms. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 38(7): 44–52, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20662
EUV line-space pattern defect mitigation simulation using Coventor SEMulator3D to enable exposure dose reduction (2019)

Despite the innumerable advances in EUV lithography for materials, optics, and process in recent years, the N7 and N5 targets for resolution, line roughness, and sensitivity (RLS, collectively) have not simultaneously been achieved from both a yield and cost perspective due to their interdependent nature. For example, reducing dose to an economically practical level results in resolution and roughness levels that generate unacceptable yield and performance. These limitations have traditionally been viewed in a light where only conventional post-lithographic processing by etch is used for the subsequent pattern transfer. Recent post-lithography defect mitigation techniques, however, combine the use of high etch selectivity underlayers, atomic layer etch (ALE) descum, and fast-switching deposition and etch resist linespace pattern repair have overcome the limitations of the RLS interdependency by correcting for resolution and stochastics related defects and improving LER associated with lower exposure dose [1]. Here, an aspect ratio dependent deposition can be used to protect the resist lines from further notching and damage while allowing for residual scum between the lines to be etched [2]. A lithography, etch, and metrology feedback loop can be envisioned in which a minimum dose requirement is found where both the LER and lithography related defects are still correctable using post-exposure processing; however, due to the extremely long metrology times for e-beam inspection combined with the large quantity of adjustable parameters, traditional experimental DOEs quickly become unmanageable. The intractability of this situation necessitates a simulation-based parameter space optimization to reduce the required number of feedback cycles. In this study, Coventor SEMulator3D® is used to find optimized solutions for minimizing resist line bridges and breaks as well as line smoothing. Here, distributions of line roughness and resist divot and scum dimensions can be subjected to simulated process recipes with tunable parameters like etch selectivities, aspect ratio dependence of deposition and etch, deposition and etch rates, number of ALE cycles, etc. that one would typically explore in this defect mitigation strategy. The resulting defects can then be analyzed to determine how each defect in the distribution reacts to a given treatment. Additionally, further insight can be gleaned regarding the types and dimensions of defects that can be corrected and that would otherwise not be measurable using any physical metrology. For example, at low dose, a portion of the defect size distribution is comparable to the drawn features and can no longer be corrected by the post-exposure treatment. Due to the randomness of the defects and small size, three-dimensional characterization is difficult, but using simulation, it is possible to show at what dimension the defect mitigation strategy begins to fail.
A Novel Scheduling Strategy for MMT-Based Multipath Video Streaming (2018)

Bandwidth constraints and high end-to-end delays are real challenges for achieving and sustaining high quality mobile video streaming services. Diverse multipath transmission techniques are being investigated as possible solutions, since recent developments have enabled mobile devices users to receive video data simultaneously over multiple interfaces (e.g., LTE and WiFi). While some multipath protocols have been recently standardized for this purpose (e.g., MPTCP), being network layer protocols they cannot properly handle challenging transmission scenarios subject to packet losses and congestion, such as lossy wireless channels. In this work, we adopt the MPEG Media Transport (MMT) protocol to propose an improvement for mobile multipath video streaming solutions. MMT is an application layer protocol with inherent hybrid media delivery properties. We propose a novel path-and-content-aware scheduling strategy for MMT by means of full cooperation between network metrics and video content features. Our strategy provides better models to adaptively cope with unstable communication channel conditions and to improve the final user quality of experience (QoE). For the experimental evaluation, we used NS3-DCE to simulate a realistic multipath network scenario which includes channel error models and background traffic. Results for two video sequences are presented in terms of PSNR, SSIM, goodput, delay and packet loss rates. When compared with a simple scheduling strategy for the traditional multipath MMT, our approach yields significant packet loss rate reductions (~90%) and video quality improvements of around 12 dB for PSNR and 0.15 for SSIM.
Noise robust speech parameterization using multiresolution feature extraction (2001)

In this paper, we present a multiresolution-based feature extraction technique for speech recognition in adverse conditions. The proposed front-end algorithm uses mel cepstrum-based feature computation of subbands in order not to spread noise distortions over the entire feature space. Conventional full-band features are also augmented to the final feature vector which is fed to the recognition unit. Other novel features of the proposed front-end algorithm include emphasis of long-term spectral information combined with cepstral domain feature vector normalization and the use of the PCA transform, instead of DCT, to provide the final cepstral parameters. The proposed algorithm was experimentally evaluated in a connected digit recognition task under various noise conditions. The results obtained show that the new feature extraction algorithm improves word recognition accuracy by 41 % when compared to the performance of mel cepstrum front-end. A substantial increase in recognition accuracy was observed in all tested noise environments at all different SNRs. The good performance of the multiresolution front-end is not only due to the higher feature vector dimension, but the proposed algorithm clearly outperformed the mel cepstral front-end when the same number of HMM parameters were used in both systems. We also propose methods to reduce the computational complexity of the multiresolution front-end-based speech recognition system. Experimental results indicate the viability of the proposed techniques.
Characterization of Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide Pituitary Membrane Receptors in Turkey Hens during Different Stages of Reproduction1 (1993)

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a prolactin-releasing factor in turkey hens. Membranes from anterior pituitaries of turkey hens were used to characterize VIP receptors. Using HPLC-purified monoiodinated VIP, we found specific VIP receptors in the anterior pituitary glands. Binding was saturable and was time- and temperature-dependent. Scatchard analysis of competitive binding studies indicated two binding sites, a high-affinity binding site (Kd1) of 6.6 +/- 1.8 pM and maximum binding (Bmax1) of 1.52 +/- 0.2 pM, and a low-affinity binding site (Kd2) of 542 +/- 200 pM and Bmax2 of 15.8 +/- 8.0 pM. Binding of VIp to pituitary membranes was specific, as compared to other peptides of the glucagon family. The rank order of potency of the peptides tested was chicken VIP > porcine VIP > peptide histidine isoleucine > secretin > glucagon > growth hormone-releasing factor. Two binding sites were found in all the examined reproductive stages. The lowest binding site levels were found in nonphotostimulated and photorefractory birds, followed by photostimulated birds and layers; highest levels were found in incubating birds. Nest deprivation significantly reduced Bmax1 levels without changing hypothalamic VIP content. These results suggest the involvement of the anterior pituitary VIP receptors in the regulation of prolactin secretion from the pituitary gland.
Total Synthesis of Diverse Carbogenic Complexity within the Resveratrol Class from a Common Building Block (2009)

Although biomimetic approaches have proven capable of converting resveratrol (1) concurrently into many of the more complex oligomers produced by plants throughout the world (such as 2-10), methods to access single members of the family have proven far more difficult to identify. Herein is described a strategy-level solution based on the use of a common building block, one distinct from Nature's starting material, that can participate in a variety of highly selective, reagent-controlled reaction cascades. These endeavors have led to the controlled synthesis of 25 natural products and analogues, molecules whose architectures encompass nearly all the carbogenic diversity of the resveratrol family.
Molecular stratification of early breast cancer identifies drug targets to drive stratified medicine (2017)

Many women with hormone receptor-positive early breast cancer can be managed effectively with endocrine therapies alone. However, additional systemic chemotherapy treatment is necessary for others. The clinical challenges in managing high-risk women are to identify existing and novel druggable targets, and to identify those who would benefit from these therapies. Therefore, we performed mRNA abundance analysis using the Tamoxifen and Exemestane Adjuvant Multinational (TEAM) trial pathology cohort to identify a signature of residual risk following endocrine therapy and pathways that are potentially druggable. A panel of genes compiled from academic and commercial multiparametric tests as well as genes of importance to breast cancer pathogenesis was used to profile 3825 patients. A signature of 95 genes, including nodal status, was validated to stratify endocrine-treated patients into high-risk and low-risk groups based on distant relapse-free survival (DRFS; Hazard Ratio = 5.05, 95% CI 3.53-7.22, <i>p</i> = 7.51 × 10<sup>-19</sup>). This risk signature was also found to perform better than current multiparametric tests. When the 95-gene prognostic signature was applied to all patients in the validation cohort, including patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy, the signature remained prognostic (HR = 4.76, 95% CI 3.61-6.28, <i>p</i> = 2.53× 10<sup>-28</sup>). Functional gene interaction analyses identified six significant modules representing pathways involved in cell cycle control, mitosis and receptor tyrosine signaling; containing a number of genes with existing targeted therapies for use in breast or other malignancies. Thus the identification of high-risk patients using this prognostic signature has the potential to also prioritize patients for treatment with these targeted therapies.
Towards low-cost high-efficiency GaAs photovoltaics and photoelectrodes grown via vapor transport from a solid source (2013)

GaAs is an attractive material for thin-film photovoltaic applications, but is not widely used for terrestrial power generation due to the high cost of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) techniques typically used for growth. Close space vapor transport is an alternative that allows for rapid growth rates of III-V materials, and does not rely on the toxic and pyrophoric precursors used in MOCVD. We characterize CSVT films of GaAs using photoelectrochemical current-voltage and quantum efficiency measurements. Hole diffusion lengths which exceed 1.5 μm are extracted from internal quantum efficiency measurements using the Gärtner model. Device physics simulations suggest that solar cells based on these films could reach efficiencies exceeding 24%. To reach this goal, a more complete understanding of the electrical properties and characterization of defects will be necessary, including measurements on complete solid-state devices. Doping of films is achieved by using source material containing the desired impurity (e.g., Te or Zn). We discuss strategies for growing III-V materials on inexpensive substrates that are not lattice-matched to GaAs.
Preparation of Poly(dicarbon monofluoride) from Petroleum Coke (1982)

Abstract Graphite fluoride containing more than 60% poly(dicarbon monofluoride) (C2F)n was prepared from petroleum coke heat-treated at 2700 °C at a temperature between 337 and 460 °C. The interlayer spacings and F/C ratios of these graphite fluorides were in the ranges of 0.8–0.74 nm and 0.58–0.68, respectively. The (C2F)n content in graphite fluoride also increased with increasing fluorine pressure.
Noninvasive optoacoustic platform for multiparameter patient monitoring. (2011)

Our objective is to improve patient care by developing a noninvasive, optoacoustic diagnostic platform for accurate and continuous monitoring of important physiological parameters including total hemoglobin concentration, venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (both cerebral and mixed), cardiac output, circulating blood volume, cardiac index, systemic oxygen delivery, and hepatic function. Currently, invasive measurements of these parameters are routinely used in the care of large populations of patients. We built optoacoustic systems for monitoring of these parameters and tested them in animal and clinical studies. The systems include portable, light-weight, inexpensive, pulsed laser diodes, or tunable OPOs operating in the near infrared spectral range. We developed patient interfaces with highly sensitive, wide-band optoacoustic probes designed and built in our laboratory for these diagnostic applications. In some studies, ultrasound imaging systems were used for accurate optoacoustic probing of specific blood vessels. A software package was developed for automatic, real-time, continuous monitoring using measurements at different wavelengths. We will report results of the animal and clinical tests performed by our group to study the capabilities of the optoacoustic platform for noninvasive monitoring of these physiological parameters. [Dr. Esenaliev and Dr. Prough are co-owners of Noninvasix, Inc., a UTMB-based startup that has licensed the rights to optoacoustic monitoring technology.]
Belling the CAD: Toward Security-Centric Electronic System Design (2015)

In order to keep pace with the growing complexity of integrated circuits (ICs), IC and system designers are increasingly using electronic system level (ESL) design tools. ESL tool sales were around $460 million in 2011. The value of the ICs designed using these tools is at least an order of magnitude more. Concurrently, advanced IC reverse engineering techniques are being developed and used by attackers. In response, several anti-reverse engineering techniques have been proposed for integration into the IC design flow. An important class of defenses hardens the controllers that orchestrate the functionality of designs generated by ESL tools. We demonstrate an attack to recover the controller in any ESL-generated design even if the controller has been hardened using state-of-the-art controller hardening techniques. The attack analyzes the unhardened parts of the controller (i.e., the controller output logic and datapath) and reconciles this information with the architectural, controller, and timing constraints implicit in and underlying all ESL design methodologies. We then propose a countermeasure that inserts decoy connections into an ESL tool-generated design to thwart reverse engineering. We introduce a security metric to quantify the effectiveness of the developed attacks and defenses. We demonstrate the attack and defenses on designs generated by state-of-the-art ESL tools.
DUANG: Fast and lightweight page migration in asymmetric memory systems (2016)

Main memory systems have gone through dramatic increases in bandwidth and capacity. At the same time, their random access latency has remained relatively constant. For given memory technology, optimizing the latency typically requires sacrificing the density (i.e., cost per bit), which is one of the most critical concerns for memory industry. Recent studies have proposed memory architectures comprised of asymmetric (fast/low-density and slow/high-density) regions to optimize between overall latency and negative impact on density. Such memory architectures attempt to cost-effectively offer both high capacity and high performance. Yet they present a unique challenge, requiring direct placements of hot memory pages <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> in the fast region and/or expensive runtime page migrations. In this paper, we propose a novel resistive memory architecture sharing a set of row buffers between a pair of neighboring banks. It enables two attractive techniques: (1) migrating memory pages between slow and fast banks with little performance overhead and (2) adaptively allocating more row buffers to busier banks based on memory access patterns. For an asymmetric memory architecture with both slow/high-density and fast/low-density banks, our shared row-buffer architecture can capture 87-93% of the performance of a memory architecture with only fast banks.
Synthesis of novel trithiocarbonate and allyl sulfide containing monomers (2013)

A novel, mild, and high yielding synthesis is developed for trithiocarbonate and allyl sulphide-containing AFT (addition–fragmentation termination) monomers. The image illustrates the novel core, linker, and end groups of the monomer array crosslinked by PETMP, through which polymer films of low stress and capable of photoplasticity may be formed.
On Parameter Optimization and Reach Enhancement for the Improved Soft-Aided Staircase Decoder (2021)

The so-called improved soft-aided bit-marking algorithm was recently proposed for staircase codes (SCCs) in the context of fiber optical communications. This algorithm is known as iSABM-SCC. With the help of channel soft information, the iSABM-SCC decoder marks bits via thresholds to deal with both miscorrections and failures of hard-decision (HD) decoding. In this paper, we study iSABM-SCC focusing on the parameter optimization of the algorithm and its performance analysis, in terms of the gap to the achievable information rates (AIRs) of HD codes and the fiber reach enhancement. We show in this paper that the marking thresholds and the number of modified component decodings heavily affect the performance of iSABM-SCC, and thus, they need to be carefully optimized. By replacing standard decoding with the optimized iSABM-SCC decoding, the gap to the AIRs of HD codes can be reduced to 0.26–1.02 dB for code rates of 0.74–0.87 in the additive white Gaussian noise channel with 8-ary pulse amplitude modulation. The obtained reach increase is up to 22% for data rates between 401 Gbps and 468 Gbps in an optical fiber channel.
Video Compressive Sensing for Spatial Multiplexing Cameras using\n Motion-Flow Models (2015)

Spatial multiplexing cameras (SMCs) acquire a (typically static) scene\nthrough a series of coded projections using a spatial light modulator (e.g., a\ndigital micro-mirror device) and a few optical sensors. This approach finds use\nin imaging applications where full-frame sensors are either too expensive\n(e.g., for short-wave infrared wavelengths) or unavailable. Existing SMC\nsystems reconstruct static scenes using techniques from compressive sensing\n(CS). For videos, however, existing acquisition and recovery methods deliver\npoor quality. In this paper, we propose the CS multi-scale video (CS-MUVI)\nsensing and recovery framework for high-quality video acquisition and recovery\nusing SMCs. Our framework features novel sensing matrices that enable the\nefficient computation of a low-resolution video preview, while enabling\nhigh-resolution video recovery using convex optimization. To further improve\nthe quality of the reconstructed videos, we extract optical-flow estimates from\nthe low-resolution previews and impose them as constraints in the recovery\nprocedure. We demonstrate the efficacy of our CS-MUVI framework for a host of\nsynthetic and real measured SMC video data, and we show that high-quality\nvideos can be recovered at roughly $60\\times$ compression.\n
Development of soybean oil‐based composites by solid freeform fabrication method: Epoxidized soybean oil with bis or polyalkyleneamine curing agents system (2002)

Abstract Soybean oil‐based composites are prepared by the solid freeforming fabrication (SFF) method. Epoxidized soybean oil is solidified with a gelling agent, and composites are formed by fiber reinforcement. Glass, carbon, and mineral fibers are used in the formulations. The type of fiber and degree of fiber alignments affect the properties of the composites. In addition, the effects of curing agents, curing temperature, fiber combination, and fiber loading on mechanical properties of composites and dynamic analysis are studied and reported. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 2100–2107, 2002
Long-Distance and High-Power Capacitive Power Transfer based on the Double-Sided LC Compensation: Analysis and Design (2019)

This paper proposes to use the double-sided LC compensation circuit to realize the long-distance and high-power capacitive power transfer. The targeted transfer distance is 150mm for the vehicle charging application, resulting in a loosely-coupled system. The circuit working principle and the transfer efficiency are provided, which indicates the duality with the conventional series-series compensated inductive power transfer system. Using the same capacitive coupler, two load conditions (the constant resistive load and the constant voltage load)are analyzed for the practical applications. The analysis of the CPT system provides the guideline to design and optimize the LC-compensated system. The experimental results show that kW level power transfer can be achieved through 150mm distance with dc-dc efficiency from the dc source to the dc load to be around 88%.