gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Noncatalytic Interactions between Glutathione <i>S</i>-Transferases and Nitroalkene Fatty Acids Modulate Nitroalkene-Mediated Activation of Peroxisomal Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ (2009)

The naturally occurring nitroalkenes, nitrolinoleic (NO(2)-LA) and nitrooleic (NO(2)-OA) acids, are among the most potent endogenous ligand activators of PPARgamma-dependent transcription. In order to understand mechanisms that regulate cellular response to these nitroalkenes, we previously demonstrated that glutathione conjugation of NO(2)-LA and MRP1-mediated efflux of the conjugates were associated with significant attenuation of PPARgamma activation by this nitroalkene [(2006) Biochemistry 45, 7889-7896]. Here we show that NO(2)-OA activation of PPARgamma is similarly affected by nonenzymatic conjugation and MRP1-mediated efflux. Moreover, the roles of glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) in the glutathione conjugation and bioactivities of NO(2)-LA and NO(2)-OA were investigated. While none of the GST isozymes tested (GSTA1-1, A4-4, M1a-1a, and P1a-1a) enhanced the rate of glutathione conjugation, expression of GSTA1-1, M1a-1a, or P1a-1a in MCF7 cells significantly reduced the magnitude of PPARgamma-dependent reporter gene transcription in response to NO(2)-LA and NO(2)-OA treatment, with GSTP1a-1a expression mediating the most potent inhibition of PPARgamma. Although these GSTs failed to catalyze nitroalkene conjugation with glutathione, the nitroalkenes were found to associate avidly with all four GST isozymes as indicated by their ability to inhibit GST activity with K(i)'s in the nanomolar range. Treatment of purified GSTP1a-1a with excess NO(2)-LA and NO(2)-OA resulted in the formation of covalent adducts between GSTP1a monomers and nitroalkenes, although separate experiments indicated that such covalent bond formation was not necessary for avid GST-nitroalkene interactions. These results suggest that GSTs can inhibit the activation of transcription by nitroalkenes via noncatalytic sequestration of these ligands, and their glutathione conjugates, away from their nuclear target, PPARgamma.
Inhibition of IL-8-induced W3/25+ (CD4+) T lymphocyte recruitment into subcutaneous tissues of rats by selective depletion of in vivo neutrophils with a monoclonal antibody (1991)

IL-8 recruits both neutrophils and lymphocytes in vitro and in vivo. To elucidate the mechanisms of lymphocyte recruitment in vivo by IL-8, we examined the role of neutrophil infiltration through selective depletion of circulating neutrophils using a mAb, RP-3. Selective depletion of neutrophils inhibited the IL-8 induced in vivo migration of the W3/25+ (CD4+) T cell subset but did not inhibit that of the MRC-OX8+ (CD8+) subset. These results suggest that CD4+ T cell migration into IL-8-injected s.c. tissues depends on the prior infiltration of neutrophils chemoattracted directly by IL-8.
New scientific opportunities and old obstacles in vaccine development. (1986)

The present status of and priorities for vaccine development are described, and the historical conditions under which vaccines have been developed are contrasted with newer technologies for such development. Current programs, the opportunities they present, and the obstacles to their implementation are summarized.
Initial Results From the Super‐Parameterized E3SM (2020)

Abstract Results from the new Department of Energy super‐parameterized (SP) Energy Exascale Earth System Model (SP‐E3SM) are analyzed and compared to the traditionally parameterized E3SMv1 and previous studies using SP models. SP‐E3SM is unique in that it utilizes Graphics Processing Unit hardware acceleration, cloud resolving model mean‐state acceleration, and reduced radiation to dramatically increase the model throughput and allow decadal experiments at 100‐km external resolution. It also differs from other SP models by using a spectral element dynamical core on a cubed‐sphere grid and a finer vertical grid with a higher model top. Despite these differences, SP‐E3SM generally reproduces the behavior of other SP models. Tropical wave variability is improved relative to E3SM, including the emergence of a Madden‐Julian Oscillation and a realistic slowdown of Moist Kelvin Waves. However, the distribution of precipitation exhibits indicates an overly frequent occurrence of rain rates less than 1 mm day , and while the timing of diurnal rainfall shows modest improvements the signal is not as coherent as observations. A notable grid imprinting bias is identified in the precipitation field and attributed to a unique feedback associated with the interactions between the explicit cloud resolving model convection and the spectral element grid structure. Spurious zonal mean column water tendencies due to grid imprinting are quantified—while negligible for the conventionally parameterized E3SM, they become large with super‐parameterization, approaching 10% of the physical tendencies. The implication is that finding a remedy to grid imprinting will become especially important as spectral element dynamical cores begin to be combined with explicitly resolved convection.
Nigeria - Commercial Agriculture Development Project : Resettlement policy framework (2007)

The objective of the Commercial Agriculture Development Project (CADP) is to contribute to the government's strategy for poverty reduction by improving the welfare and living conditions of many poor and vulnerable communities in the participating states of Lagos, Kano, Kaduna, Enugu and Cross River. Resettlement Policy Framework (RPF) for the CADP in Nigeria is prepared by the borrower. The project activities that require land acquisition are not identified at the project preparation stage. Negative social impacts include denial, restriction or loss of access to the economic resources or sources of livelihood. The objectives of this Resettlement Policy Framework are: to minimize and mitigate impacts of involuntary resettlement resulting from all components of subprojects under CADP; to assist adversely affected persons in dealing with the psychological, cultural, social and other stresses caused by project impacts; and to make all affected persons aware of processes available for the redress of grievances that are easily accessible and immediately responsive. Measures to mitigate the impact of resettlement on any host communities, include: (a) consultations with host communities and local governments, (b) arrangements for prompt tendering of any payment due the hosts for land or other assets provided to resettlers, and (c) arrangements for addressing and conflict that may arise between resettlers and host communities.
A single-chip frequency-shift keyed modem implemented using digital signal processing (1984)

A single-chip modem that uses digital signal processing (DSP) to perform the modem functions is described. The DSP modem is a complete single-chip modem which handles all of the popular international standards for frequency-shift keyed modems. These specifications include the Bell 103 and 202 specifications for North America, and the CCITT V.21 and V.23 specifications in Europe. The authors describe modem system aspects, the architecture and philosophy underlying the design of this modem, and some of the special features that are incorporated into the modem through the use of digital signal processing.
Analysis and design of a third order phase-lock loop (2003)

The author examines the analysis and design of a third-order phase-lock loop (PLL). Although it offers superior noise rejection and lower steady-state error than a second-order PLL, its stability is difficult to analyze in the region of nonlinear operation. The author treats the third-order PLL as a nonlinear control system, first examining the small-signal (linear) operation and then extending the analysis to the nonlinear region. The second method of Lyapunov and LaSalle's theorem are used to derive stability conditions for the nonlinear model. It is concluded that Lyapunov stability techniques are adequate, thus removing the chief disadvantage of designing third-order PLLs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immune Responses of Elk to Initial and Booster Vaccinations with<i>Brucella abortus</i>Strain RB51 or 19 (2006)

Previous studies have suggested that currently available brucellosis vaccines induce poor or no protection in elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni). In this study, we characterized the immunologic responses of elk after initial or booster vaccination with Brucella abortus strains RB51 (SRB51) and 19 (S19). Elk were vaccinated with saline or 10(10) CFU of SRB51 or S19 (n=seven animals/treatment) and booster vaccinated with a similar dosage of the autologous vaccine at 65 weeks. Compared to nonvaccinates, elk vaccinated with SRB51 or S19 had greater (P<0.05) antibody responses to SRB51 or S19 after initial vaccination and after booster vaccination. Compared to nonvaccinated elk, greater (P<0.05) proliferative responses to autologous antigen after initial vaccination occurred at only a few sample times in SRB51 (6, 14, and 22 weeks) and S19 (22 weeks) treatment groups. In general, proliferative responses of vaccinates to nonautologous antigens did not differ (P>0.05) from the responses of nonvaccinated elk. Gamma interferon production in response to autologous or nonautologous Brucella antigens did not differ (P>0.05) between controls and vaccinates after booster vaccination. Flow cytometric techniques suggested that proliferation occurred more frequently in immunoglobulin M-positive cells, with differences between vaccination and control treatments in CD4+ and CD8+ subset proliferation detected only at 22 weeks after initial vaccination. After booster vaccination, one technique ([3H]thymidine incorporation) suggested that proliferative responses to SRB51 antigen, but not S19 antigen, were greater (P<0.05) in vaccinates compared to the responses of nonvaccinates. However, in general, flow cytometric and other techniques failed to detect significant anamnestic responses to autologous or nonautologous Brucella antigens in S19 or SRB51 vaccinates after booster vaccination. Although some cellular immune responses were detected after initial or booster vaccination of elk with SRB51 or S19, our data suggest that responses tend to be transient and much less robust than previously reported in SRB51-vaccinated cattle (Bos taurus) or bison (Bison bison). These data may explain why the vaccination of elk with S19 and SRB51 induces poor protection against brucellosis.
Fabrication of nanomagnet arrays by shadow deposition on self-organized semiconductor substrates (1999)

It is demonstrated how large-scale arrays of nanomagnets can be efficiently fabricated by shadow deposition onto faceted surfaces of self-organized Si1−xGex films. By pulsed laser deposition of Co in a grazing incidence geometry, we succeeded to cover just one selected type of facets resulting in isolated Co patches with an areal density of about 0.25×1012/in.2. These uniformly oriented nanomagnets have a parallelogram-shaped base with about 25 nm×35 nm edge lengths. Magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements reveal a clear in-plane anisotropy of the nanomagnets.
Affinity-Aware Dynamic Pinning Scheduling for Virtual Machines (2010)

Virtualization provides an effective management in server consolidation. The transparence enables different kinds of servers running in the same platform, making full use of hardware resource. However, virtualization introduces two-level schedulers: one from Guest OS, where the tasks are scheduled to virtual CPUs (VCPUs), the other from the virtual machine monitor (VMM), where VCPUs are scheduled to CPUs. As a result, the lower level scheduler is ignorant of the task information so that it cannot allocate appropriate proportion of CPU resource for every Guest OS in some cases. This paper presents an affinity-aware Dynamic Pinning Scheduling scheduler (DP-Scheduling). We aim at two objects: Bridging the semantic gap between Guest OS and VMM, introducing an affinity-aware method and providing the tasks information about CPU affinity to VMM, Bringing up a novel scheduling, DP-Scheduling, so that VCPU can be pinned or unpinned on one CPU's running queue dynamically. For this purpose, we first get the Machine Address (MA) of process descriptor from the angle of VMM. The affinity information is also acquired before the task is enabled to run. To acknowledge the affinity information, DP-Scheduling calls an API provided by us. Depending on the affinity information, we put forward a series of measures to implement pinning dynamically as well as to keep workload balance. All implementation is confined to Xen VMM and Credit scheduler. Our experiments demonstrate that DP-Scheduling outperforms Credit scheduling by testing various indicators for CPU-bound tasks, without interfering the load balance.
A personal computer prototype to support ISDN service negotiations (2003)

Experience with a prototype service negotiation system for the integrated services digital network (ISDN) is presented. A commercially available database management system and high-level application language (dBASE III PLUS Version 1.1) were used as the platform on which to build the system. The user-system dialogue chosen for the prototype is a combination of menus and fill-in forms. The prototype was installed at Illinois Bell Telephone Company's Oak Brook facility and was used during negotiations for that company's ISDN trial. Additional prototyping efforts that built on these experiences are also reported. The prototyping activities demonstrate the feasibility of using PC-based prototypes, developed quickly using high-level languages with commercial tools, to identify issues specific to operations systems support for ISDN negotiations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lightweight Modeling of Java Virtual Machine Security Constraints using Alloy (2008)

Abstract. The Java programming language has been widely described as secure by design. Nevertheless, a number of serious security vulnerabilities have been discovered in Java, particularly in the component known as the Bytecode Verifier. This paper describes a method for representing Java security constraints using the Alloy modeling language. It further describes a system for performing a security analysis on any block of Java bytecodes by converting the bytes into relation initializers in Alloy. Any counterexamples found by the Alloy analyzer correspond directly to insecure code. Analysis of a real-world malicious applet is given to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach. Introduction. This paper will describe an analysis tool for verifying security constraints within Java bytecodes. This investigation was motivated by the continued appearance of malicious Java code that violates the security constraints imposed by the Java compiler, the Java Bytecode Verifier and the Java runtime. The analysis approach is based on the lightweight modeling language Alloy [AL, DJ]. This paper
Phosphoric Acid-Doped Biphenyl-Backbone Ion-Pair Coordinated Pems with Broad Relative Humidity Tolerance (2020)

Fuel cell has been recognized as a promising electrochemical device attributed to its high energy efficiency and zero CO 2 emission. As an essential component of fuel cell, currently the most widely used proton exchange membrane (PEM), Nafion ® , operates only at low temperature (<100 ˚C) and high relative humidity (>80% RH). Although phosphoric acid (PA)-doped polybenzimidazole membranes have been reported to offer good proton conductivity at temperatures 140–180 ˚C, they suffer from severe performance degradation due to acid leaching when moisture is present. For wider adoption of PEM fuel cell technology, the development of PEM that is capable of working over a broad operating condition window is highly desirable. In this presentation, three PA-doped biphenyl-backbone ion-pair coordinated PEMs with different quaternary ammonium structures (alkyltrimethylammonium, piperidinium, and 1,2-dimethylimidazolium) were reported. The resulting PA-doped PEMs were comprehensively characterized in terms of PA doping level, proton conductivity, RH tolerance, thermal stability, and mechanical properties. Acid titration result indicates the PA doping levels of three membrane samples were between six and eight, and the size and structure of cation groups of the ion-pair polymers were found to affect their PA doping levels. Proton conductivity was studied as a function of RH over a wide range of 5% to 95% RH. Stable conductivity was observed up to 70% RH at 80 ˚C for 10 h. A combination of high proton conductivity at low RH conditions and good humidity tolerance makes this new class of PEMs great potential candidates for use in electrochemical devices such as PEM fuel cell and electrochemical hydrogen compressor.
NFTCert: NFT-Based Certificates With Online Payment Gateway (2021)

Nowadays, academic certificates are still widely issued in paper format. Traditional certificate verification is a lengthy, manually intensive, and sometimes expensive process. In this paper, we propose a novel NFT-based certificate framework called NFTCert, which enables the establishment of links between a legitimate certificate and its owner through a Blockchain. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the NFTCert framework, including schema definition, minting, verification, and revocation of NFT-based certificates. We also introduce a payment gateway into the minting process, which enables NFTCert to be used by a wider audience. Therefore, participants of NFTCerts do not need to rely on cryptocurrency for transactions. All in all, the proposed framework is designed to achieve usability, authenticity, confidentiality, transparency, and availability properties when it is compared to existing Blockchain-based systems.
Vasodilation of rat retinal microvessels induced by monobutyrin. Dysregulation in diabetes. (1993)

1-Butyryl-glycerol (monobutyrin) is a simple lipid product of adipocytes with angiogenic activity. Recent studies have shown that the biosynthesis of this compound is tightly linked to lipolysis, a process associated with changes in blood flow. We now present data indicating that monobutyrin is an effective vasodilator of rodent blood vessels using a fluorescent retinal angiogram assay. The vasodilatory activity of monobutyrin is potent (ED50 = 3.3 x 10(-7) M), dose dependent, and stereospecific. Because diabetes represents a catabolic, lipolytic state with numerous vascular complications, we examined the action and regulation of monobutyrin in insulin-deficient diabetic rats. Serum levels of monobutyrin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were greatly elevated compared to normal animals. At the same time, the retinal vessels of the diabetic animals develop a resistance to the vasodilatory activity of monobutyrin. These results demonstrate a role for monobutyrin in the control of vascular tone and suggest a possible involvement in the pathology of diabetes.
Natural Walking in Virtual Reality (2018)

Recent technological developments have finally brought virtual reality (VR) out of the laboratory and into the hands of developers and consumers. However, a number of challenges remain. Virtual travel is one of the most common and universal tasks performed inside virtual environments, yet enabling users to navigate virtual environments is not a trivial challenge—especially if the user is walking. In this article, we initially provide an overview of the numerous virtual travel techniques that have been proposed prior to the commercialization of VR. Then we turn to the mode of travel that is the most difficult to facilitate, that is, walking. The challenge of providing users with natural walking experiences in VR can be divided into two separate, albeit related, challenges: (1) enabling unconstrained walking in virtual worlds that are larger than the tracked physical space and (2) providing users with appropriate multisensory stimuli in response to their interaction with the virtual environment. In regard to the first challenge, we present walking techniques falling into three general categories: repositioning systems, locomotion based on proxy gestures, and redirected walking. With respect to multimodal stimuli, we focus on how to provide three types of information: external sensory information (visual, auditory, and cutaneous), internal sensory information (vestibular and kinesthetic/proprioceptive), and efferent information. Finally, we discuss how the different categories of walking techniques compare and discuss the challenges still facing the research community.
Digital stereoscopic cinema: the 21st century (2008)

Over 1000 theaters in more than a dozen countries have been outfitted with digital projectors using the Texas Instruments DLP engine equipped to show field-sequential 3-D movies using the polarized method of image selection. Shuttering eyewear and advanced anaglyph products are also being deployed for image selection. Many studios are in production with stereoscopic films, and some have committed to producing their entire output of animated features in 3-D. This is a time of technology change for the motion picture industry.
Demonstration of reaginic antibodies on human basophils by immune adherence to allergen‐coated Sepharose beads (1976)

Human basophils purified by gradient density centrifugation and differential glass bead adherence were interacted with grass pollen allergen in particulate form prepared by covalent coupling of Dactylis glomerata protein concentrate to Sepharose beads. Basophils from allergic subjects were found to interact specifically with the allergen-coated bead surface in a manner so highly characteristic that false negatives with basophils from non-allergic subjects or subjects with unrelated allergies were not encountered. Microscopic examination indicated that the specifically stained malleable basophils had adapted in a multi-point attachment to the rigid bead surface by becoming one-sidedly flattened against it. When using basophils from highly pollen sensitive subjects all the beads carried basophils and sometimes as many as thirty per bead. The percentage of beads with basophils and the number of basophils per bead roughly correlated with clinical history and skin tests. Immunocytoadherence of the basophils to the allergen-coated beads was specifically inhibited by anti-IgE and anti-allergen antibodies, including reagins.
Environmental Sound Classification using Hybrid SVM/KNN Classifier and MPEG-7 Audio Low-Level Descriptor (2006)

In this paper, we present a new environmental sound classification architecture. The proposed sound classifier is performed in frame level and fuses the support vector machine (SVM) and the k nearest neighbor rule (KNN). In feature selection, three MPEG-7 audio low-level descriptors, spectrum centroid, spectrum spread, and spectrum flatness are used as the sound features to exploit their ability in sound classification. Experiments carried out on 12-class sound database can achieve an 85.1% accuracy rate. The The The performance comparison between the HMM sound classifier using audio spectrum projection features demonstrates the superiority of the proposed scheme.