gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation, as an alternative to antibiotics, on growth performance, intestinal immunity, and epithelial barrier integrity in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria maxima (2019)

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary Bacillus subtilis supplementation on growth performance, jejunal lesion scores, oocyst shedding, and cytokine and tight junction protein expression in broiler chickens infected with Eimeria maxima. A total of 196 male day-old Ross 708 broilers were given a nonexperimental diet until 14 D of age. Then, all chickens were randomly assigned to one of seven dietary treatments: 2 basal diets (CON and NC); CON + virginiamycin (AB1); CON + bacitracin methylene disalicylate (BMD; AB2); CON + B. subtilis 1781 (PB1); CON + B. subtilis 747 (PB2); or CON + B. subtilis 1781 + 747 (PB3). At day 21, all chickens except those in the CON group were orally inoculated with E. maxima oocysts. At 7 D after E. maxima infection, the body weight gains of chickens fed PB2 and PB3 increased (P = 0.032) as much as those in chickens fed AB2. The body weight gain and feed efficiency of chickens fed PB2 were significantly increased (P < 0.001), and PB2 chickens showed (P = 0.005) the lowest lesion scores after E. maxima infection. Chickens fed PB2 showed (P < 0.05) lower mRNA expression of IL-1β in infected chicken groups. Chickens in the AB1, AB2, PB1, PB2, and PB3 groups showed (P < 0.05) greater mRNA expression of junctional adhesion molecule 2 in jejunal tissue, whereas occludin expression increased (P < 0.05) in the jejunal tissue of chickens fed AB2 or PB2. Dietary B. subtilis supplementation significantly improved the growth performance of young chickens to a level comparable with that induced by virginiamycin or BMD without E. maxima infection. After infection with E. maxima, dietary virginiamycin and BMD significantly enhanced the epithelial barrier integrity, and the dietary B. subtilis 747 showed significantly enhanced growth performance, intestinal immunity, and epithelial barrier integrity. Together our results indicated that certain strains of B. subtilis provide beneficial effects on the growth of young broiler chickens and have the potential to replace antibiotic growth promoters.
Distributed channel management in uncoordinated wireless environments (2006)

Wireless 802.11 hotspots have grown in an uncoordinated fashion with highly variable deployment densities. Such uncoordinated deployments, coupled with the difficulty of implementing coordination protocols, has often led to conflicting configurations (e.g., in choice of transmission power and channel of operation) among the corresponding Access Points (APs). Overall, such conflicts cause both unpredictable network performance and unfairness among clients of neighboring hotspots. In this paper, we focus on the fairness problem for uncoordinated deployments. We study this problem from the channel assignment perspective. Our solution is based on the notion of channel-hopping, and meets all the important design considerations for control methods in uncoordinated deployments - distributed in nature, minimal to zero coordination among APs belonging to different hotspots, simple to implement, and interoperable with existing standards. In particular, we propose a specific algorithm called MAXchop, which works efficiently when using only non-overlapping wireless channels, but is particularly effective in exploiting partially-overlapped channels that have been proposed in recent literature. We also evaluate how our channel assignment approach complements previously proposed carrier sensing techniques in providing further performance improvements. Through extensive simulations on real hotspot topologies and evaluation of a full implementation of this technique, we demonstrate the efficacy of these techniques for not only fairness, but also the aggregate throughput, metrics.We believe that this is the first work that brings into focus the fairness properties of channel hopping techniques and we hope that the insights from this research will be applied to other domains where a fair division of a system's resources is an important consideration.
High Power and High Resolution Near-Infrared Light Source for Optical Coherence Tomography Using Glass Phosphor and Light Emitting Diode (2009)

We have fabricated a novel near-infrared light source for optical coherence tomography (OCT) using a glass phosphor and a light emitting diode (LED) as the excitation source. We used 1.0Yb2O3–4.0Nd2O3–47.0Bi2O3–47.0B2O3–1.0Sb2O3 glass as the phosphor to obtain wideband light emission around 1000 nm. We observed a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) as wide as 98 nm with an output power as high as 1 mW. The interference signal showed a coherence length of 4.6 µm. This value indicates that the depth resolution of the OCT is twice as high as that of conventional LEDs and super luminescent diodes (SLDs).
Metal resist for extreme ultraviolet lithography characterized by scanning transmission electron microscopy (2016)

Abstract We characterized the structures of metal resists used in EUV lithography by low-voltage aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). This study presents the first atomic-level observation of resist components in resist film. The structures of metal (zirconium or titanium) oxide cores are unambiguously identified, and the local elemental distribution in the resist film is obtained. The initial size of zirconium oxide cores is well maintained in the resist film. However, titanium oxide cores tend to aggregate to form an indefinite structure. The spatial distribution of metal cores may influence lithographic characteristics.
The Growth and Form of Bacterial Colonies (1979)

A simple method is described for measuring the profile of bacterial colonies. Profiles were determined for colonies of Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus of different ages. In spite of differences in cell morphology, the colony profiles had a common basic structure consisting of steeply rising leading edge connected by a ridge to an interior region where height also rose, though less steeply, to a flat or domed centre. The colony mass increased exponentially through part of the growth phase. It is suggested that net colony growth consists of a combination of leading edge growth, which is unrestricted and approaches the maximum specific growth rate of the organism, and diffusion-limited growth in the colony interior. Common elements of profiles from each species may be a consequence of such differences in growth rate.
Assembly of the Ebola Virus Nucleoprotein from a Chaperoned VP35 Complex (2015)

Ebolavirus NP oligomerizes into helical filaments found at the core of the virion, encapsidates the viral RNA genome, and serves as a scaffold for additional viral proteins within the viral nucleocapsid. We identified a portion of the phosphoprotein homolog VP35 that binds with high affinity to nascent NP and regulates NP assembly and viral genome binding. Removal of the VP35 peptide leads to NP self-assembly via its N-terminal oligomerization arm. NP oligomerization likely causes a conformational change between the NP N- and C-terminal domains, facilitating RNA binding. These functional data are complemented by crystal structures of the NP°-VP35 complex at 2.4 Å resolution. The interactions between NP and VP35 illuminated by these structures are conserved among filoviruses and provide key targets for therapeutic intervention.
Montanide&lt;sup&gt;TM&lt;/sup&gt; Gel01 ST Adjuvant Enhances PRRS Modified Live Vaccine Efficacy by Regulating Porcine Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses (2013)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a devastating disease caused by the PRRS virus. The MontanideTM class of flexible polymeric adjuvants has recently been shown to enhance protective immunity against PRRSV infection in piglets when used in combination with PRRS modified live vaccines (MLV). In this study, we explored the efficacy and immunological mechanisms of protection of MontanideTM Gel01 ST (Gel01) adjuvanted modified live PRRSV vaccine in pigs challenged with two genetically distinct strains of PRRSV. Gel01-MLV reduced lymph node pathology scores in pigs challenged with VR-2332 (parental strain of MLV vaccine) but not that in pigs challenged with MN184A (heterologous strain), when compared to that in pigs vaccinated with un-adjuvanted MLV. Pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had higher levels of PRRS-specific antibodies, as measured by IDEXX ELISA and virus neutralizing antibodies, after vaccination and VR-2332 challenge. In addition, pigs vaccinated with Gel01-MLV had decreased levels of IFN-γ, IL-10, and T-regulatory lymphocytes in the blood as compared to that in pigs vaccinated with MLV alone. Interestingly, we found that addition of Gel01 did not change the profile of other T lymphocyte populations after PRRSV challenge. These results demonstrate that the MLV adjuvanted with Gel01 provides enhanced protection against homologous PRRSV infection, possibly by regulating the production of PRRSV-specific antibodies and cytokines involved in the development of T-regulatory cells. Thus, Gel01 ST is a promising adjuvant that can be formulated with PRRSV MLV vaccines to reduce disease severity and tissue damage caused by PRRSV infection in pigs.
Amplification of SPPS150 and <i>Salmonella typhi</i> DNA with a high throughput oscillating flow polymerase chain reaction device (2010)

In this paper, a novel oscillating flow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) device was designed and fabricated to amplify SPPS150 and salmonella typhi. In this new design, the samples are shuttled (oscillating flow) inside a microfluidic chip to three different temperature zones required for DNA amplification. The amplification cycle time has markedly been reduced as the reagent volume used was only about 25% of that used in conventional PCRs. Bubble formation and adsorption issues commonly associated to chip based PCR were also eliminated. Based on the performance evaluated, it is demonstrated that this oscillating flow PCR has the advantages of both the stationary chamber and continuous flow PCR devices.
Communication in iWarp systems (1989)

The iWarp processor is a building block for parallel systems and is developed in a joint project by Carnegie Mellon University and Intel Corporation. The iWarp processor integrates computation and communication: the iWarp component architecture consists of a computation agent, capable of delivering 20 MFLOPS and 20 MIPS, and a communication agent that provides a bandwidth of 320 MBytes/sec. We expect the first iWarp-based system to be available early 1990, organized as a 8X8 two-dimensional torus.
Mechanical Strain Regulates Endothelial Cell Patterning <i>In Vitro</i> (2007)

Blood vessels of the vertebrate circulatory system typically exhibit tissue-specific patterning. However, the cues that guide the development of these patterns remain unclear. We investigated the effect of cyclic uniaxial strain on vascular endothelial cell dynamics and sprout formation in vitro in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems under the influence of growth factors. Cells preferentially aligned and moved in the direction perpendicular to the major strain axis in monolayer culture, and mechanical strain also regulated the spatial location of cell proliferation in 2D cell culture. Cells in 3D cell culture could be induced to form sprouts by exposure to appropriate growth factor combinations (vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor), and the strain direction regulated the directionality of this process. Moreover, cyclic uniaxial strain inhibited branching of the structures formed by endothelial cells and increased their thickness. Taken together, these data support the importance of external mechanical stimulation in the regulation of endothelial cell migration, proliferation, and differentiation into primitive vessels.
Image-based Screening Identifies Novel Roles for IκB Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 in Axonal Degeneration (2011)

Axon degeneration is an active, evolutionarily conserved self-destruction program by which compromised axons fragment in response to varied insults. Unlike programmed cell death, axon degeneration is poorly understood. We have combined robotic liquid handling with automated microscopy and image analysis to create a robust screening platform to measure axon degeneration in mammalian primary neuronal cultures. Using this assay, we performed an unbiased screen of 480 bioactive compounds, identifying 11 that reproducibly delay fragmentation of severed axons in vitro, including two inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3 and two inhibitors of IκB kinase. Knockdown of each of these targets by shRNA lentivirus also delays axon degeneration in vitro, further supporting their role in the axon degeneration program.
Experimenting with the Gaze of a Conversational Agent (2002)

We have carried out a pilot experiment to investigate the effects of different eye gaze behaviors of a cartoon-like talking face on the quality of human-agent dialogues. We compared a version of the talking face that roughly implements some patterns of humanlike behavior with two other versions. We called this the optimal version. In one of the other versions the shifts in gaze were kept minimal and in the other version the shifts would occur randomly. The talking face has a number of restrictions. There is no speech recognition, so questions and replies have to be typed in by the users of the systems. Despite this restriction we found that participants that conversed with the optimal agent appreciated the agent more than participants that conversed with the other agents. Conversations with the optimal version proceeded more efficiently. Participants needed less time to complete their task.
Advances in Topological Vulnerability Analysis (2009)

Currently, network administrators must rely on labor-intensive processes for tracking network configurations and vulnerabilities, which requires a great deal of expertise and is error prone. The organization of networks and the inter dependencies of vulnerabilities are so complex as to make traditional vulnerability analysis inadequate. We describe a Topological Vulnerability Analysis (TVA) approach that analyzes vulnerability dependencies and shows all possible attack paths into a network. From models of the network vulnerabilities and potential attacker exploits, we discover attack paths (organized as graphs) that convey the impact of individual and combined vulnerabilities on overall security. We provide sophisticated attack graph visualizations, with high-level overviews and detail drill down. Decision support capabilities let analysts make optimal tradeoffs between safety and availability, and show how to best apply limited security resources. We employ efficient algorithms that scale well to larger networks.
Managing the Iatrogenic Risks of Risk Management (1998)

Analogizing to concerns that led the practice of medicine to shift from a specialist to a team-based approach, Dr. Wiener suggests that public and environmental health objectives would be better served if, e.g., regulatory jurisdiction were less atomized.
Headache and sleep disorders (2014)

Headache and sleep problems are both some of the most commonly reported symptoms in clinical practice. There is a clear association between chronic headache and sleep disorders, especially headaches occurring during the night or early morning. Identification of sleep problems in chronic headache patients is worthwhile because treatment of sleep disorders among chronic headache patients may be followed by improve of the headache. Morning headache has been recognised as an obstructive sleep apnoea related symptom. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure usually reduced headache, however, we often encounter obstructive sleep apnoea patients who present various characteristics of morning headache that often do not fulfil the criteria for "sleep apnoea headache" according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition (ICHD-2) criteria. The pathophysiologic background for a relation between obstructive sleep apnoea and morning headache is multifactorial. We should also be noted that tension-type headache and migraine might be coexisted in obstructive sleep apnoea patients. In addition, we review the relationship between migraine and sleep disorders such as restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy and parasomnia (dream enacting behaviour) including our studies.
Comparison of Spike Detectors based on Simultaneous Intracellular and Extracellular Recordings (2007)

The ability to accurately detect action potentials in cortical in vivo recordings is a necessary first step in any multichannel wireless brain-machine interface (BMI) data acquisition system. This work presents a comparison of simple spike detection algorithms appropriate for implementation in an autonomous low power wireless BMI chip. The detectors were applied to pre-recorded cortical extracellular potentials. A simultaneously recorded intracellular transmembrane voltage gave the precise spike times of a local neuron; these times were then used as the "gold standard" against which to compare the output of the spike detectors under test. In contrast to earlier work on simulated data that showed the superiority of a simple absolute value-based spike detector, this work demonstrated that the non-linear energy operator provides an effective balance between correct detections and false alarms, and that the relative difference between detection algorithms diminishes as SNR increases
Secure Firmware Update over the Air using TrustZone (2019)

In this paper, we propose to use Secure Firmware Update over the air of embedded devices, which use TrustZone technology to securely update new firmware. TrustZone will provide authenticity and security of the firmware to be updated in the device. By using trusted application along with host application, it checks integrity, authenticity and security of firmware. We use a digital signature algorithm to verify the authenticity of the firmware with signature verification, which will be carried out securely in TrustZone environment.
Exploiting the CRISPR/Cas9 System for Targeted Genome Mutagenesis in Petunia (2016)

Recently, CRISPR/Cas9 technology has emerged as a powerful approach for targeted genome modification in eukaryotic organisms from yeast to human cell lines. Its successful application in several plant species promises enormous potential for basic and applied plant research. However, extensive studies are still needed to assess this system in other important plant species, to broaden its fields of application and to improve methods. Here we showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is efficient in petunia (Petunia hybrid), an important ornamental plant and a model for comparative research. When PDS was used as target gene, transgenic shoot lines with albino phenotype accounted for 55.6%-87.5% of the total regenerated T0 Basta-resistant lines. A homozygous deletion close to 1 kb in length can be readily generated and identified in the first generation. A sequential transformation strategy--introducing Cas9 and sgRNA expression cassettes sequentially into petunia--can be used to make targeted mutations with short indels or chromosomal fragment deletions. Our results present a new plant species amenable to CRIPR/Cas9 technology and provide an alternative procedure for its exploitation.
Coupling Reaction of Living Polyisobutylene Using Bis(diphenylethenyl) Compounds as Coupling Agents (1997)

In-situ coupling reaction of living polyisobutylene (PIB), prepared by the 2,4,4-trimethyl-2-chloropentane/TiCl4/hexane:methyl chloride (6:4, v:v)/-80 °C system, has been studied using 1,3-bis(1-phenylethenyl)benzene (MDDPE), 2,2-bis[4-(1-phenylethenyl)phenyl]propane (BDPEP), and 2,2-bis[4-(1-tolylethenyl)phenyl]propane (BDTEP) as coupling agents. The reaction of living PIB with MDDPE yielded the monoadduct, possibly due to delocalization of positive charge over the meta-substituted benzene ring upon monoaddition and thereby decreased reactivity of the second double bond. Using BDPEP and BDTEP, rapid and quantitative coupling was achieved and the coupled product exhibited doubled molecular weight and narrowed molecular weight distribution. Direct evidence of the quantitative coupling reaction was also obtained by comparison of the 1H NMR spectra of the samples before and after the coupling reaction. Kinetic studies by 1H NMR spectroscopy indicated the coupling reaction of living PIB by BDPEP and BDTEP is a consecutive reaction where the second addition is faster than the first one. As a result, high coupling efficiency was also observed when excess BDPEP was used.
Video Error Concealment Using Deep Neural Networks (2018)

This paper presents an adaptable decoder-like model for video error concealment through optical flow prediction using deep neural networks. The horizontal and vertical motion fields from previous optical flows are separated and passed through two parallel pipelines with convolutional and long short-term memory layers. The combined output from these two networks, the predicted flow, is then used to reconstruct the degraded portion of the future video frame. Unlike current methods that use pixel or voxel information, we propose an architecture that uses three previous optical flows obtained through a flow generation step. The generator portion of the network can be easily interchanged with other methods, increasing the adaptability of the model. The network is trained in supervised mode and the performance is evaluated using standard video quality metrics by comparing the reconstructed frames from our prediction and the generated ground truth.
ChemInform Abstract: PHEROMONE SYNTHESIS. 3. A SYNTHESIS OF (E)‐4,6‐DIMETHYL‐4‐OCTEN‐3‐ONE (MANICONE) (1977)

Abstract Aus den Chlorpyrazolin‐5‐onen (I) entstehen die Dehydrochlorierungsprodukte (II), die mit Alkali zu den Methacrylsäuren (III) bzw. (IV) führen.
<title>Compatible 3-D Television: The State Of The Art</title> (1983)

A brief review over the past and present work on stereoscopic and volumetric TV employing the conventional 2-D TV equipments and standards has been made. The earlier 3-D viewing systems such as direct-eye-contact types, color filter based techniques and polarization based systems are critically examined for a successful 3-D TV. A bicircular polarization technique using electrooptic material in the picture tube screen is proposed for a 3-D color TV. Also, a technique involving region-wise periodic illumination of the object for registering blur-free sectional images of the object needed for a volumetric 3-D TV is Proposed.