gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Restoring Low Sidelobe Antenna Patterns with Failed Elements in a Phased Array Antenna (2016)

Abstract : Maintaining low spatial sidelobes, despite the failureof individual antenna elements, is important for many radar andcommunication systems utilizing phased arrays. Techniques inthe literature require accurate antenna element pattern data. Inthis paper we present a new algorithm for computing lowsidelobebeamforming which only requires the originalbeamforming weights which produce low sidelobes when allelements are functioning normally. The algorithm does notrequire accurate knowledge of the antenna element patterns, andpermits user adjustment of the trade-off between sidelobe level,taper loss, and mainbeam width. Near optimum low sidelobes aredemonstrated in several examples.
Experimental investigation of demineralization and remineralization of human teeth using infrared photothermal radiometry and modulated luminescence (2008)

Photothermal radiometry (PTR) and modulated luminescence (LUM) were applied to detect and monitor the demineralization of root and enamel surfaces of human teeth to produce caries lesions and the subsequent remineralization of the produced lesions. The experimental set-up consisted of a semiconductor laser (659 nm, 120 mW), a mercury-cadmium-telluride IR detector for PTR, a photodiode for LUM, and two lock-in amplifiers. A lesion was created on a 1-mm × 4-mm rectangular window, spanning root to enamel surface, using an artificial caries lesion gel to demineralize the tooth surface and create small carious lesions. The samples were subsequently immersed in a remineralization solution. Each sample was examined with PTR/LUM on root and enamel before and after treatment at times from 1 to 10 days of demineralization and 2 to 10 days of remineralization. PTR/LUM signals showed gradual and consistent changes with treatment time. At the completion of the experiments, transverse micro-radiography (TMR) analysis was performed to correlate the PTR/LUM signals to depth of the carious lesions and mineral losses. In this study, TMR showed good correlation with PTR/LUM. It was also found that treatment duration did not correlate well to any technique, PTR/LUM, or TMR, which is indicative of significant variations in demineralization - remineralization rates among different teeth.
Radiomic Deformation and Textural Heterogeneity (R-DepTH) Descriptor to Characterize Tumor Field Effect: Application to Survival Prediction in Glioblastoma (2022)

The concept of tumor field effect implies that cancer is a systemic disease with its impact way beyond the visible tumor confines. For instance, in Glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor, the increase in intracranial pressure due to tumor burden often leads to brain herniation and poor outcomes. Our work is based on the rationale that highly aggressive tumors tend to grow uncontrollably, leading to pronounced biomechanical tissue deformations in the normal parenchyma, which when combined with local morphological differences in the tumor confines on MRI scans, will comprehensively capture tumor field effect. Specifically, we present an integrated MRI-based descriptor, radiomic-Deformation and Textural Heterogeneity (r-DepTH). This descriptor comprises measurements of the subtle perturbations in tissue deformations throughout the surrounding normal parenchyma due to mass effect. This involves non-rigidly aligning the patients' MRI scans to a healthy atlas via diffeomorphic registration. The resulting inverse mapping is used to obtain the deformation field magnitudes in the normal parenchyma. These measurements are then combined with a 3D texture descriptor, Co-occurrence of Local Anisotropic Gradient Orientations (COLLAGE), which captures the morphological heterogeneity and infiltration within the tumor confines, on MRI scans. In this work, we extensively evaluated r-DepTH for survival risk-stratification on a total of 207 GBM cases from 3 different cohorts (Cohort 1 ( n1 = 53 ), Cohort 2 ( n2 = 75 ), and Cohort 3 ( n3 = 79 )), where each of these three cohorts was used as a training set for our model separately, and the other two cohorts were used for testing, independently, for each training experiment. When employing Cohort 1 for training, r-DepTH yielded Concordance indices (C-indices) of 0.7 and 0.65, hazard ratios (HR) and Confidence Intervals (CI) of 10 (6 - 19) and 5 (3 - 8) on Cohorts 2 and 3, respectively. Similarly, training on Cohort 2 yielded C-indices of 0.6 and 0.7, HR and CI of 1 (0.7 - 2) and 3 (2 - 5) on Cohorts 1 and 3, respectively. Finally, training on Cohort 3 yielded C-indices of 0.75 and 0.63, HR and CI of 24 (10 - 57) and 12 (6 - 21) on Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. Our results show that r-DepTH descriptor may serve as a comprehensive and a robust MRI-based prognostic marker of disease aggressiveness and survival in solid tumors.
Discovery of Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Human Reticulocyte 15-Lipoxygenase-1 (2010)

There are a variety of lipoxygenases in the human body (hLO), each having a distinct role in cellular biology. Human reticulocyte 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-hLO-1), which catalyzes the dioxygenation of 1,4-cis,cis-pentadiene-containing polyunsaturated fatty acids, is implicated in a number of diseases including cancer, atherosclerosis, and neurodegenerative conditions. Despite the potential therapeutic relevance of this target, few inhibitors have been reported that are both potent and selective. To this end, we have employed a quantitative high-throughput (qHTS) screen against ∼74000 small molecules in search of reticulocyte 15-hLO-1 selective inhibitors. This screen led to the discovery of a novel chemotype for 15-hLO-1 inhibition, which displays nM potency and is >7500-fold selective against the related isozymes, 5-hLO, platelet 12-hLO, epithelial 15-hLO-2, ovine cyclooxygenase-1, and human cyclooxygenase-2. In addition, kinetic experiments were performed which indicate that this class of inhibitor is tight binding, reversible, and appears not to reduce the active-site ferric ion.
Heterogeneous photonic integration for microwave systems applications (2011)

As the component count rises in photonic systems, photonic integration becomes increasingly attractive from a cost, power consumption, and footprint perspective due to the ability to reduce the on-chip to off-chip interfaces and simplify packaging. Although photonic integration has been investigated in many forms over the last decade, the incompatibility of passive and active devices in standard integration platforms has limited their use in both military and commercial systems. In this talk, we review a heterogeneous silicon integration platform that provides state of the art active and passive devices integrated on silicon substrates for microwave systems-on-chip.
Structure determination of the HgcAB complex using metagenome sequence data: insights into microbial mercury methylation (2020)

Bacteria and archaea possessing the hgcAB gene pair methylate inorganic mercury (Hg) to form highly toxic methylmercury. HgcA consists of a corrinoid binding domain and a transmembrane domain, and HgcB is a dicluster ferredoxin. However, their detailed structure and function have not been thoroughly characterized. We modeled the HgcAB complex by combining metagenome sequence data mining, coevolution analysis, and Rosetta structure calculations. In addition, we overexpressed HgcA and HgcB in Escherichia coli, confirmed spectroscopically that they bind cobalamin and [4Fe-4S] clusters, respectively, and incorporated these cofactors into the structural model. Surprisingly, the two domains of HgcA do not interact with each other, but HgcB forms extensive contacts with both domains. The model suggests that conserved cysteines in HgcB are involved in shuttling Hg<sup>II</sup>, methylmercury, or both. These findings refine our understanding of the mechanism of Hg methylation and expand the known repertoire of corrinoid methyltransferases in nature.
Fingerprint matching using transformation parameter clustering (1997)

Fingerprint matching is used in many noncriminal identification applications. Flash, a similarity-searching algorithm akin to geometric hashing, proves suitable for one-to-many matching of fingerprints on large-scale databases.
Modularity vs. reusability (2008)

We present several methods to generate modular code from synchronous hierarchical block diagrams. Modularity means code is generated for a given macro (i.e., composite) block independently from context, that is, without knowing where this block is to be used, and also with minimal knowledge about its sub-blocks. We achieve this by generating a set of interface functions for each block and a set of dependencies between these functions that is exported along with the interface. The main trade-off is the degree of modularity (number of interface functions) vs. reusability (the set of diagrams that the block can be used in without creating dependency cycles).
A Predictable Robust Fully Programmable Analog Gaussian Noise Source for Mixed-Signal/Digital ATE (2006)

A robust programmable analog Gaussian noise generator suitable for mixed-signal/digital ATEs is presented. Unlike conventional methods (LFSR based noise generators or resistor thermal noise amplification techniques), the user has full control of the characteristics of the Gaussian signal. Indeed, the frequency band, the mean, and variance of the distribution are fully programmable over the voltage range within the supply rails. The method consists of digitally encoding the specified Gaussian signal in a RAM, using pulse-density modulation, followed by filtering the bit stream using an analog low-pass filter. It is demonstrated that the quality of the generated noise signal is independent of the quality of the filter used; hence, making the noise source highly robust. The output of the noise generator accurately models a real Gaussian signal, even at high sigma values; thus, making it a very effective and predictable dithering signal. Two applications of the proposed Gaussian noise source are demonstrated: ADC histogram testing and high-resolution digitization
Phase I Clinical and Pharmacologic Trial of Intravenous Estramustine Phosphate (2002)

PURPOSE: To determine the dose-limiting toxicities, maximum-tolerated dose, and pharmacokinetics of intravenous estramustine phosphate (IV EMP). PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 31 patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer received IV EMP as a 30- to 90-minute infusion weekly (n = 28) or for 3 consecutive days followed by a single weekly dose (n = 3). IV EMP dose was escalated from 500 to 3,000 mg/m 2 . Pharmacokinetics of EMP and the metabolites estramustine (EaM), estromustine (EoM), estradiol, and estrone were assessed after weeks 1 and 4 of treatment. RESULTS: The initial IV EMP infusion caused perineal discomfort that was ameliorated by lengthening the infusion time. Other common toxicities were grade 1 to 2 hepatotoxicity, nausea or vomiting, and fatigue or malaise. Lower-extremity thrombosis occurred in one patient, and two others developed upper-extremity thrombosis associated with venous infusion catheters. Dose-limiting fatigue and hypotension occurred at 3,000 mg/m 2 , and cumulative fatigue developed after multiple cycles at 2,500 mg/m 2 . Mean EMP clearance, estimated steady-state volume of distribution, and elimination half-life were 3.7 L/h, 10.6 L, and 3.7 hours, respectively. Variability of EMP clearance was 21%, and variation in area under the curve per dose for the metabolites was 28% to 36%. Elimination half-lives of EoM and EaM were 110 hours and 64 hours, and peak plasma concentrations of these active metabolites exceeded 10 μmol/L after IV EMP doses ≥ 2,000 mg/m 2 . CONCLUSION: High-dose IV EMP can be administered safely as a weekly short infusion to patients with HRPC. High peak concentrations of active metabolites after IV EMP may provide an advantage over oral EMP in antimicrotubule drug combinations.
Ultra-fine Equiaxed Grain Refinement and Improvement of Mechanical Properties of &alpha;+&beta; Type Titanium Alloys by Hydrogenation, Hot Working, Heat Treatment and Dehydrogenation (1994)

Titanium alloys absorb large amounts of hydrogen and it is desorbed in vacuum at elevated temperatures. This paper describes equiaxed grain refinement and the improvement of mechanical properties of titanium alloys utilizing this phenomenon. Particular attention has been paid to the control of three different types of dislocation structures introduced by the following treatments.(1) Precipitation of hydrides: As hydrogenated titanium alloys undergo aging, high-density dislocations are introduced in the interior of hydrides as well as in the surrounding region.(2) Formation of cell walls by hot working: The β transus temperature is lowered by hydrogenation so that the hot working temperature can be lowered enough to retain the dislocation cell structure formed during the deformation.(3) Martensitic transformation: On cooling from the β-phase region of hydrogenated titanium alloys, uniformly distributed high-density dislocations are introduced in acicular martensites.A combination of these factors such as (3)+(1) or (3)+(2)+(1) results in the grain refinement of α+β type titanium alloys containing 0.2∼1.0 mass% hydrogen. In a Ti–6Al–4V alloy with 0.2 mass% hydrogen, ultra-fine grain sizes of 1 μm or less, have been obtained. It presents a high tensile strength, a high fatigue strength, and an excellent superplastic formability.
Robust Capon Beamforming (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Problem Formulation Standard Capon Beamforming Robust Capon Beamforming with Single Constraint Capon Beamforming with Norm Constraint Robust Capon Beamforming with Double Constraints Robust Capon Beamforming with Constant Beamwidth and Constant Powerwidth Rank-Deficient Robust Capon Filter-Bank Spectral Estimator Adaptive Imaging for Forward-Looking Ground Penetrating Radar Summary Acknowledgments Appendix 3.A: Relationship between RCB and the Approach in [14] Appendix 3.B: Calculating the Steering Vector Appendix 3.C: Relationship between RCB and the Approach in [15] Appendix 3.D: Analysis of Equation (3.72) Appendix 3.E: Rank-Deficient Capon Beamformer Appendix 3.F: Conjugate Symmetry of the Forward-Backward FIR Appendix 3.G: Formulations of NCCF and HDI Appendix 3.H: Notations and Abbreviations References
Hierarchical Self‐Assembly of Peptide‐Coated Carbon Nanotubes (2004)

Abstract Numerous applications, from molecular electronics to super‐strong composites, have been suggested for carbon nanotubes. Despite this promise, difficulty in assembling raw carbon nanotubes into functional structures is a deterrent for applications. In contrast, biological materials have evolved to self‐assemble, and the lessons of their self‐assembly can be applied to synthetic materials such as carbon nanotubes. Here we show that single‐walled carbon nanotubes, coated with a designed amphiphilic peptide, can be assembled into ordered hierarchical structures. This novel methodology offers a new route for controlling the physical properties of nanotube systems at all length scales from the nano‐ to the macroscale. Moreover, this technique is not limited to assembling carbon nanotubes, and could be modified to serve as a general procedure for controllably assembling other nanostructures into functional materials.
Identification of TOMM34, which shows elevated expression in the majority of human colon cancers, as a novel drug target (2006)

In an attempt to isolate potential molecular targets for diagnosis, treatment and/or prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), we have been analyzing expression profiles of clinical samples from CRC patients using genome-wide cDNA microarray. Among the genes up-regulated frequently in colorectal tumors, we here focused on TOMM34 (34 kDa-translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane). Immunohistochemical staining revealed significant accumulation of TOMM34 protein in CRC tissues compared with their corresponding non-cancerous mucosae. Transfection of colon cancer HCT116 cells with short-interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to TOMM34 effectively suppressed its expression and drastically inhibited cell growth. These findings suggest that TOMM34 is involved in the growth of cancer cells, and may contribute to the development of novel anticancer drugs and/or diagnosis for CRC.
High-Energy, Few-Cycle Pulses by Chirped-Pulse Cascaded Quadratic Compression (2005)

A new type of soliton-effect compression is proposed and demonstrated. Requiring only a quadratic crystal and high-energy 100-fs source, near-single-cycle durations are predicted, despite significant group-velocity-mismatch. Initial experiments generate 4.5-cycle pulses and bandwidths >500 nm.
Enforcing isolation and ordering in STM (2007)

Transactional memory provides a new concurrency control mechanism that avoids many of the pitfalls of lock-based synchronization. High-performance software transactional memory (STM) implementations thus far provide weak atomicity: Accessing shared data both inside and outside a transaction can result in unexpected, implementation-dependent behavior. To guarantee isolation and consistent ordering in such a system, programmers are expected to enclose all shared-memory accesses inside transactions.
Multigrid phase unwrapping for interferometric SAR (2002)

Presents a new method for weighted least-squares phase unwrapping. The method is a full multigrid (FMG) technique that applies Gauss-Seidel relaxation schemes to the partial derivatives of the given phase data on smaller, coarser grids and transfers the results to the finer grids. The key idea of the author's multigrid approach is to maintain the partial derivatives of the phase data in separate arrays and to correct these derivatives at the boundaries of the coarser grids. The resulting multigrid algorithm is up to ten times faster than existing algorithms for weighted least-squares phase unwrapping.
Field-operable microconnections using automatically-triggered localized solder-bonding (2003)

This paper presents an approach to realizing high-density electrical and mechanical connections to delicate microstructures in the field. "Smart" pads automatically detect proper contact alignment and activate a local heating element to create solder bonds between the pads and the pre-soldered lead tabs of a miniature flexible cable. The bonds occur in 350 ms and result in less than 10 /spl Omega/ of series resistance between the cable and the pad. Connections have been demonstrated with lead-pitches as small as 100 /spl mu/m and connection areas of less than 0.375 mm/sup 2/ per pad. The pad areas are fabricated with a five-mask circuit-compatible process. The flexible ribbon cables are made of polyimide with copper conductors. This work represents the first use of localized solder-bonding for making connections between microstructures and silicon substrates.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anisomelic acid-like Compounds for the Treatment of HPV-Mediated Carcinomas (2019)

The vast majority of cervical and 75% of oropharyngeal carcinomas are triggered by infection with a type of high-risk oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV). It is well-known that E6 and E7 oncoproteins are critical for viral-induced cancer, and hence, they represent valuable targets for therapeutic intervention in HPV-mediated cancers. Our earlier research on the cembranoid, anisomelic acid (AA) showed that, AA has the potential to induce apoptosis in HPV cells by the depletion of E6 and E7 oncoproteins. The present study describes the structure-activity relationship and the evaluation of synthetic AA like compounds, i.e simplified cembranoid-like structures, as HPV inhibitors against some papilloma cell lines. Both from experimental and computational results, we observed that these compounds induced apoptosis by the same E6/E7-based mechanism as AA, but at earlier time points, thus being far more effective than AA. Further, the data indicated that only part of the structure of AA is required for the molecular action. Based on these results, we identified some novel and potential compounds for specific treatment of HPV-associated carcinomas.
Dielectric Behavior and Second Phases in X7R‐Formulated BaTiO <sub>3</sub> Sintered in Low‐Oxygen Partial Pressures (2007)

Multi‐layer ceramic capacitor chips prepared from an X7R‐formulated BaTiO 3 powder and nickel base‐metal electrodes were sintered at 1200°C and re‐oxidized at 1000°C in low‐oxygen partial pressures ( p O 2 ). While chips A and B, sintered in p O 2 ≈10 −9 and 10 −11 atm, respectively, exhibited a typical temperature coefficient of capacitance resembling the X7R characteristics, normal dielectric behavior was retained in chip C sintered at the lowest p O 2 of ∼10 −13 atm with the Curie point resurged at ∼120°C. The chips were analyzed using X‐ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The dielectric layer contains a siliceous residual glassy second phase in grain boundaries, triple‐grain junctions, and quadruple‐grain corners and crystalline second phases in locations scattered inhomogeneously. A crystalline second phase, common to all chips, was determined to hexagonal silicate oxyapatite Ca 2 Y 8 Si 6 O 26 . Tetragonal Ba 2 TiSi 2 O 8 was another crystalline second phase specific to chip C. Eutectic liquids have also formed principally among BaO, SiO 2 , and solid‐state additives of CaO and Y 2 O 3 below or at 1200°C to aid the densification of BaTiO 3 dielectrics. They were solidified upon cooling to a residual glassy second phase in the ceramics. Sintered BaTiO 3 grains of 250–400 nm in both chips A and B contained the characteristic X7R core–shell structure. Those in chip C have grew significantly to 5–8 μm but lost the core–shell completely. With almost all additives in chip C reacting to form second phases, the microstructure is represented by the {111} single and double twins resembling that of undoped BaTiO 3 ceramics sintered at low temperatures.
Precise Sizing of Micro-bubbles using Interferometric Imaging Technique (2004)

The paper describes the development of planer sizing technique for micro-bubbles based on the interferometric laser imaging for droplet sizing method and the improvement for the smaller bubble sizing beyond the conventional 45degree observation techniques. The novel measurement scheme of smaller bubbles whose diameter is less than 10fim was investigated by Lorenz-Mie scattering analysis and the technique was applied to the measurement of micro-bubbles obtained by electrolyzation and microbubble pump.