gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Joint Channel Assignment and Routing for Throughput Optimization in Multiradio Wireless Mesh Networks (2006)

Multihop infrastructure wireless mesh networks offer increased reliability, coverage, and reduced equipment costs over their single-hop counterpart, wireless local area networks. Equipping wireless routers with multiple radios further improves the capacity by transmitting over multiple radios simultaneously using orthogonal channels. Efficient channel assignment and routing is essential for throughput optimization of mesh clients. Efficient channel assignment schemes can greatly relieve the interference effect of close-by transmissions; effective routing schemes can alleviate potential congestion on any gateways to the Internet, thereby improving per-client throughput. Unlike previous heuristic approaches, we mathematically formulate the joint channel assignment and routing problem, taking into account the interference constraints, the number of channels in the network, and the number of radios available at each mesh router. We then use this formulation to develop a solution for our problem that optimizes the overall network throughput subject to fairness constraints on allocation of scarce wireless capacity among mobile clients. We show that the performance of our algorithms is within a constant factor of that of any optimal algorithm for the joint channel assignment and routing problem. Our evaluation demonstrates that our algorithm can effectively exploit the increased number of channels and radios, and it performs much better than the theoretical worst case bounds
The Natural Language Decathlon: Multitask Learning as Question Answering (2018)

Deep learning has improved performance on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks individually. However, general NLP models cannot emerge within a paradigm that focuses on the particularities of a single metric, dataset, and task. We introduce the Natural Language Decathlon (decaNLP), a challenge that spans ten tasks: question answering, machine translation, summarization, natural language inference, sentiment analysis, semantic role labeling, zero-shot relation extraction, goal-oriented dialogue, semantic parsing, and commonsense pronoun resolution. We cast all tasks as question answering over a context. Furthermore, we present a new Multitask Question Answering Network (MQAN) jointly learns all tasks in decaNLP without any task-specific modules or parameters in the multitask setting. MQAN shows improvements in transfer learning for machine translation and named entity recognition, domain adaptation for sentiment analysis and natural language inference, and zero-shot capabilities for text classification. We demonstrate that the MQAN's multi-pointer-generator decoder is key to this success and performance further improves with an anti-curriculum training strategy. Though designed for decaNLP, MQAN also achieves state of the art results on the WikiSQL semantic parsing task in the single-task setting. We also release code for procuring and processing data, training and evaluating models, and reproducing all experiments for decaNLP.
Nonlinear Power Flow Control Design for Networked AC/ DC Based Microgrid Systems (2018)

This paper presents a control design methodology that addresses high penetration of variable generation or renewable energy sources and loads for networked AC /DC microgrid systems as an islanded subsystem or as part of larger electric power grid systems. High performance microgrid systems that contain large amounts of stochastic sources and loads is a major goal for the future of electric power systems. Alternatively, methods for controlling and analyzing AC/ DC microgrid systems will provide an understanding into the tradeoffs that can be made during the design phase. This method develops both a control design methodology and realizable hierarchical controllers that are based on the Hamiltonian Surface Shaping and Power Flow Control (HSSPFC) methodology that regulates renewable energy sources, varying loads and identifies energy storage requirements for a networked AC/DC microgrid system. Both static and dynamic stability conditions are derived. A renewable energy scenario is considered for a networked three DC microgrids tied into an AC ringbus configuration. Numerical simulation results are presented.
Endothelial cells promote endogenous thymic regeneration via BMP4 signaling and activation of Foxn1 (HEM7P.224) (2015)

Abstract Although the thymus has a remarkable capacity for repair following damage, the mechanisms underlying this endogenous regeneration remain poorly understood. Here we reveal a critical role for endothelial cells (ECs) in aiding thymic recovery following acute injury. We found that ECs represent a highly damage-resistant niche in the thymus and, moreover, rather than just being passive conduits that deliver oxygen and nutrients, ECs are active participants in organ function producing distinct paracrine factors that orchestrate tissue repair. In particular, we demonstrated that after damage ECs induce upregulation by cortical thymic epithelial cells (TECs) of Foxn1, a key transcription factor implicated in TEC development and thymic regeneration. Further investigation revealed that the mechanism by which ECs induced upregulation of Foxn1 was via a soluble factor that could be inhibited by Noggin, strongly suggesting the involvement of BMP signaling. Consistent with this, ECs were found to be potent producers of BMP4 after thymic damage and inhibition of BMP4 signals by ECs, achieved either pharmacologically or genetically, led to significantly worse thymic recovery after acute injury caused by TBI. These findings not only provide the first evidence of the role of ECs in endogenous thymic regeneration but, given the significant clinical need for strategies to promote immunity, also offer an innovative therapy to boost thymic function.
The sliding-frequency guiding filter: an improved form of soliton jitter control (1992)

We describe a simple, strictly passive technique, fully compatible with extensive WDM, that allows for a very large increase in bit-rate per channel in trans-oceanic soliton transmission.
Efficient and stable solution-processed planar perovskite solar cells via contact passivation (2017)

Planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) made entirely via solution processing at low temperatures (<150°C) offer promise for simple manufacturing, compatibility with flexible substrates, and perovskite-based tandem devices. However, these PSCs require an electron-selective layer that performs well with similar processing. We report a contact-passivation strategy using chlorine-capped TiO<sub>2</sub> colloidal nanocrystal film that mitigates interfacial recombination and improves interface binding in low-temperature planar solar cells. We fabricated solar cells with certified efficiencies of 20.1 and 19.5% for active areas of 0.049 and 1.1 square centimeters, respectively, achieved via low-temperature solution processing. Solar cells with efficiency greater than 20% retained 90% (97% after dark recovery) of their initial performance after 500 hours of continuous room-temperature operation at their maximum power point under 1-sun illumination (where 1 sun is defined as the standard illumination at AM1.5, or 1 kilowatt/square meter).
Prophylactic Efficacy of TcVac2 against Trypanosoma cruzi in Mice (2010)

TcVac2-induced activation of type 1 antibody and lymphocyte responses provided resistance to acute T. cruzi infection, and consequently, prevented the evolution of chronic immunopathology associated with parasite persistence in chagasic hearts.
Token-level interpolation for class-based language models (2015)

We describe a method for interpolation of class-based n-gram language models. Our algorithm is an extension of the traditional EM-based approach that optimizes perplexity of the training set with respect to a collection of n-gram language models linearly combined in the probability space. However, unlike prior work, it naturally supports context-dependent interpolation for class-based LMs. In addition, the method works naturally with the recently introduced wordphrase- entity (WPE) language models that unify words, phrases and entities into a single statistical framework. Applied to the Calendar scenario of the Personal Assistant domain, our method achieved significant perplexity reduction and improved word error rates.
ChemInform Abstract: PRODRUGS OF 9‐(β‐D‐ARABINOFURANOSYL)ADENINE. 2. SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATION N OF A NUMBER OF 2′,3′‐ AND 3′,5′‐DI‐O‐ACYL DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Aus dem Arabinofuranosyladenin (I) erhält man den Silylether (III), der zu den Verbindungen (IV) acyliert wird.
A spreadsheet-based fuzzy retrieval system (1998)

Under the downsizing boom and cost decrease in computer-related industries, both business and individual computer users have been greatly influenced. For instance, the users will come up against the chance to handle imprecise data in real life with their computers more than ever. Therefore, solutions for easily developing fuzzy systems are strongly needed. In response to this need, many studies have been done in the fuzzy database area because fuzzy retrieval is one of the suitable ways to deal with those kind of data. In this article, the development of a fuzzy retrieval system which can be used on a personal computer is described, especially from an industrial point of view. Additionally, the effects of fuzzy retrieval are proposed and its thinkable applications are introduced. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Mutations of the Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor That Cause a Loss of Ligand-Induced Conformational Change, Subtle Changes in Kinase Activity, and Impaired Ability To Stimulate DNA Synthesis (1989)

The wild-type and two mitogenic-defective mutants of the type beta receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells. In the first mutant, delta Ki, 82 of 104 amino acids in the kinase insert region were deleted. This mutant was recently reported to be defective in mediating DNA synthesis. In the second mutant, Y825F, tyrosine 825 was converted to phenylalanine by a point mutation. We report here that this mutant is also defective in mediating PDGF-stimulated DNA synthesis. Both mutants were capable of eliciting many of the early responses to PDGF, including receptor autophosphorylation. However, neither mutant was capable of undergoing PDGF-stimulated change in receptor conformation or of phosphorylating exogenous substrate in an in vitro assay. These data suggest that changes in receptor conformation and efficient utilization of specific tyrosine kinase substrates are important for the stimulation of cell proliferation of PDGF and that phosphorylation of tyrosine 825 may be involved in signal transduction.
A Binary Classification Framework for Two-Stage Multiple Kernel Learning (2012)

With the advent of kernel methods, automating the task of specifying a suitable kernel has become increasingly important. In this context, the Multiple Kernel Learning (MKL) problem of finding a combination of pre-specified base kernels that is suitable for the task at hand has received significant attention from researchers. In this paper we show that Multiple Kernel Learning can be framed as a standard binary classification problem with additional constraints that ensure the positive definiteness of the learned kernel. Framing MKL in this way has the distinct advantage that it makes it easy to leverage the extensive research in binary classification to develop better performing and more scalable MKL algorithms that are conceptually simpler, and, arguably, more accessible to practitioners. Experiments on nine data sets from different domains show that, despite its simplicity, the proposed technique compares favorably with current leading MKL approaches.
Structure-Property Behavior of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials Based on Sol Gel Chemistry, (1996)

Abstract : This work was directed at the synthesis and structure-property behavior of hybrid organic-inorganic network materials prepared by a sol gel reaction. Specific focus concerned the development of optically abrasion resistant coatings that could be utilized for both polymeric and metallic substrates. In the case of the latter, the purpose of the coating was to not only to supply abrasion resistance but, if possible, provide corrosion resistance as well. Considerable success was achieved in that several hybrid coatings were synthesized by reacting one or more metal alkoxides with functionalized organic moieties such as triethoxysilanated diethylene triamine (DETA) and related diamines or di or triol species. These functionalized organics, in conjunction with the alkoxide, were spin or dip coated on appropriate substrates and thermally cured. In some cases a primer molecule was also utilized to promote higher adhesion with the substrate the principal example being amino propyltrimethoxysilane. It has been demonstrated that the coatings display very good abrasion resistance for polymeric substrates, aluminum and copper but do not perform as well on steel or a phosphate coated steel. The final portion of the work concerned the development of porous inorganics made by the calcination of hybrid organic-inorganic network materials but where these networks were prepared by the use of functionalized polytetramethylene oxide oligomers of varied molecular weight that had been reacted with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS). It was demonstrated that calcination of these materials could lead to porous silicate powders possessing a specific surfaces near 1000 meters2/gram. Furthermore, pore size characteristics of these powders were analyzed. It was concluded that such hybrid materials could serve as the base for developing highly porous powder materials for chromatography, catalyst
Spectrally Matched Quantum Dot Photoluminescence in GaAs-Si Tandem Luminescent Solar Concentrators (2019)

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) can capture both direct and diffuse irradiance via isotropic absorption of waveguide-embedded luminophores. Additionally, LSCs have the potential to reduce the overall cost of a photovoltaic (PV) module by concentrating incident irradiance onto an array of smaller cells. Historically, LSC efficiencies have suffered in part from incomplete light absorption and non-unity quantum yield (QY) of the luminophores. Inorganic quantum dot (QD) luminophores allow the spectral tuning of the absorption and photoluminescence bands, and have near-unity QYs. In a four-terminal tandem LSC module scheme, visible light is trapped within the LSC waveguide and is converted by GaAs cells, and near infrared light is optically coupled to a Si subcell. Here, we investigate the efficiency of a GaAs/Si tandem LSC as a function of luminophore absorption edge and emission wavelength for QD luminophores dispersed in an LSC waveguide with embedded, coplanar GaAs cells. We find that positioning the luminophore absorption edge at 660 nm yields a maximum module power efficiency of approximately 26%, compared with 21% for the non-optimized luminophore and 19% for the bare Si cases.
Human B1 Cell Frequency: Isolation and Analysis of Human B1 Cells (2012)

Controversy over the frequency of human B1 cells in normal individuals has arisen as different labs have begun to employ non-uniform techniques to study this population. The phenotypic profile and relative paucity of circulating human B1 cells place constraints on methodology to identify and isolate this population. Multiple steps must be optimized to insure accurate enumeration and optimal purification. In the course of working with human B1 cells we have developed a successful strategy that provides consistent analysis of B1 cells for frequency determination and efficient isolation of B1 cells for functional studies. Here we discuss issues attendant to identifying human B1 cells and outline a carefully optimized approach that leads to uniform and reproducible data.
A Fast Parallel Imaging Rotary Phased Array Head Coil with Improved Sensitivity Profile Deep in the Center of the Brain (2007)

A new class of a receive-only 2T 4-element rotary phased array head coil has been proposed for MRI brain imaging applications. Coil elements of the rotary phased array head coil have "paddle-like" structures consisting of a pair of main conductors located on opposite sides, inserted equi-angularly around and over the head. Using such a unique design, the proposed rotary head coil can improve the sensitivity deep at the centre of the brain and produces highly homogeneous brain images. The rotary phased array head coil is numerically modeled using a hybrid MoM/FEM method and a prototype was constructed accordingly. In vivo MR brain imaging using the prototype rotary phased array head coil has been undertaken and the acquired brain images show high homogeneity as anticipated. In addition, parallel imaging, VD-GRAPPA, is used in conjunction with the rotary phased array head coil to enable rapid imaging.
Inhibition of In Vitro Splicing of a Group I Intron of <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> (1994)

Unlike its mammalian hosts, the opportunistic fungal pathogen Pneumocystis carinii harbors group I self-splicing introns in its chromosomal genes encoding rRNA. This difference between pathogen and host suggests that intron splicing is a promising target for chemotherapy. We have found that intron splicing in vitro is inhibited by the anti-Pneumocystis agent pentamidine and by a series of pentamidine analogues, as well as by some aminoglycosides, tetracycline, L-arginine and ethidium bromide. Further studies will be needed to determine if this is the mechanism of action of pentamidine against P. carinii.
A robotic device for minimally invasive breast interventions with real-time MRI guidance (2003)

We have developed a device to perform minimally invasive interventions in the breast with realtime MRI guidance for the early detection and treatment of breast cancer. The device uses five computer-controlled degrees of freedom to perform minimally invasive interventions inside a closed MRI scanner. Typically the intervention would consist of a biopsy of the suspicious lesion for diagnosis, but may involve therapies to destroy or remove malignant tissue in the breast. The procedure proceeds with: (a) conditioning of the breast along a prescribed orientation, (b) definition of an insertion vector by its height and pitch angle, and (c) insertion into the breast. The entire device is made of materials compatible with MRI, avoiding artifacts and distortion of the local magnetic field. The device is remotely controlled via a graphical user interface. This is the first surgical robotic device to perform real-time MRI-guided breast interventions in the United States.
An error control code scheme for multilevel Flash memories (2002)

Presents a new scheme for error control coding in multilevel Flash memories. The n bits stored in a single memory cell are organized in different "bit-layers", which are independent from one another. Error correction is carried out separately for each bit-layer. The correction of any failure in a single memory cell is therefore achieved by using a simple error control code (ECC) providing single-bit correction, regardless of the number of bits stored in a single cell. This greatly simplifies the encoding and decoding circuits and minimizes the impact of ECC time overhead on memory access time. Moreover the same encoding/decoding circuit and check cells are used with multilevel memories working at a variable number of bits per cell.
Development of miles-in-trail passback restrictions for air traffic management (2014)

This paper presents modeling of miles-in-trail passback restrictions for use in air traffic management. Generally, FAA managers employ miles-in-trail as a traffic management initiative when downstream traffic congestion at airports or in sectors is anticipated. In order to successfully implement the miles-in-trail at airspace fixes or navigational aids, it is desired that restriction values be computed for passing back to upstream facilities at specific boundaries. This paper presents a model which can be used for that purpose. This model improves on a previous version using traffic manager feedback resulting in significant improvement in guidance. The modeling approach is described along with lessons learned and improvements made during model development. Results for two sample traffic and one real traffic scenarios are presented. Additional operational considerations required by the traffic managers to implement the passback restrictions, namely maximum ground delay and absorbable airborne delay are incorporated in the model. A main result of this research is that absorbing small amount of ground and airborne delays are sufficient to handle the imposed constraint. Another finding is that implementing the passback restrictions provides the traffic managers ways to alleviate traffic constraints to help reduce excessive airborne delay for current traffic conditions.
A Gyroscopic Damper System - Damping with New Characteristics (2014)

Die Energie von Aufbauschwingungen in Strasenfahrzeugen wird heute in erster Linie von linearen Schwingungsdampfern dissipiert. Bei einem neuartigen Ansatz wird der Dampfer durch einen Schwungmassenspeicher ersetzt. Durch die konstruktive Ausgestaltung entsteht ein Rotationsdampfer, bei dem die vertikale Radbewegung in eine Verdrehung die Drehachse des Schwungmassenspeichers umgesetzt wird. Dabei entstehen Prazessionsmomente, die zur Regelung der Dampfermomente und zur Speicherung von Schwingungsenergie genutzt werden.

Ein Kreiselelement wird hierzu von einem hochdrehenden Motor angetrieben und derart in einer kardanischen Aufhangung gelagert, dass der ausere Ring durch die vertikale Radtragerbewegung verdreht wird. Ein innerer Ring lagert das Kreiselelement und ermoglicht eine um 90° gedrehte Auslenkung zum auseren Ring. Die Bewegung des inneren Ringes wird durch einen weiteren Motor beeinflusst. Um unerwunschte Einflusse zu umgehen, ist der Richtungsvektor der Winkelgeschwindigkeit des Kreiselelementes parallel zur Fahrzeughochachse orientiert. Das Zusammenspiel der Prazessionsmomente mit der vertikalen Bewegung des Radtragers wird durch die beiden Elektromotoren geregelt. . Je nach Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des inneren Ringes besteht die Moglichkeit verschiedene Dampferkennlinien darzustellen. Bei Stillstand des inneren Ringes arbeitet der Dampfer nahezu kraftfrei, was eine Komforterhohung des Fahrverhaltens mit sich bringt.
Polymer pendant crown thioethers for removal of mercury from acidic wastes: synthesis, characterization and application (2000)

Removal of mercury ions from industrial waste streams is a difficult and expensive problem requiring an efficient and selective extractant that is resistant to corrosive conditions. We have now developed an acid-resistant thiacrown polymer that has potential utility as a selective and cost-effective Hg{sup 2+} extractant. Copolymerization of a novel C-substituted thiacrown, N,N-(4-vinylbenzylmethyl)-2-aminomethyl-1,4,8,11,14-pentathiacycloheptadecane, with DVB (80% divinylbenzene) using a radical initiator generated a highly cross-linked polymer containing pendant thiacrowns. Mercury extraction capabilities of the polymer were tested in acidic media (pH range: 1.5 to 6.2) and the extraction of Hg{sup 2+} was determined to be 95% at a mixing time of 30 minutes. The thiacrown polymer was also determined to be selective for Hg{sup 2+}, even in the presence of high concentrations of competing ions such as Pb{sup 2+}, Cd{sup 2+}, Al{sup 3}, and Fe{sup 3+}. The bound Hg{sup 2+} ions can then be stripped from the polymer, allowing the polymer to be reused without significant loss of loading capacity. The binding of Hg{sup 2+} to the polymer has been examined by X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. The thiacrown appears unaffected by incorporation into the polymer and the Hg{sup 2+} appears to be bound to the polymer complex in a similar manner as Hg{sup 2+} is bound in monomeric thiacrowns containing five sulfur atoms.