gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resistance to docetaxel in prostate cancer is associated with androgen receptor activation and loss of KDM5D expression (2016)

The androgen receptor (AR) plays an essential role in prostate cancer, and suppression of its signaling with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the mainstay of treatment for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer for more than 70 y. Chemotherapy has been reserved for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-led trial E3805: ChemoHormonal Therapy Versus Androgen Ablation Randomized Trial for Extensive Disease in Prostate Cancer (CHAARTED) showed that the addition of docetaxel to ADT prolonged overall survival compared with ADT alone in patients with metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. This finding suggests that there is an interaction between AR signaling activity and docetaxel sensitivity. Here we demonstrate that the prostate cancer cell lines LNCaP and LAPC4 display markedly different sensitivity to docetaxel with AR activation, and RNA-seq analysis of these cell lines identified KDM5D (lysine-specific demethylase 5D) encoded on the Y chromosome as a potential mediator of this sensitivity. Knocking down KDM5D expression in LNCaP leads to docetaxel resistance in the presence of dihydrotestosterone. KDM5D physically interacts with AR in the nucleus, and regulates its transcriptional activity by demethylating H3K4me3 active transcriptional marks. Attenuating KDM5D expression dysregulates AR signaling, resulting in docetaxel insensitivity. KDM5D deletion was also observed in the LNCaP-derived CRPC cell line 104R2, which displayed docetaxel insensitivity with AR activation, unlike parental LNCaP. Dataset analysis from the Oncomine database revealed significantly decreased KDM5D expression in CRPC and poorer prognosis with low KDM5D expression. Taking these data together, this work indicates that KDM5D modulates the AR axis and that this is associated with altered docetaxel sensitivity.
Method for detecting target RNA utilizing the nicking/extension chain reaction system-based isothermal nucleic acid amplification (NESBA) (2019)

The present invention relates to a detection method for detecting a target RNA contained in a sample with high sensitivity by using nicking/extension chain reaction system-based isothermal nucleic acid amplification (NESBA) that uses activity of a cleavage enzyme and a DNA polymerase. The NESBA of the present invention is a new concept isothermal target RNA detection method that realizes higher amplification efficiency than the existing NASBA technology and is deemed to be utilizable as a new concept diagnosis technology that can replace conventional target RNA detection technologies.
Antibodies to the Novel Human Pegivirus 2 Are Associated with Active and Resolved Infections (2016)

A novel blood-borne human pegivirus (HPgV), HPgV-2, was recently identified in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected individuals and individuals who had received multiple transfusions. Robust serological assays capable of detecting antibodies in HPgV-2-infected individuals are needed to establish global seroprevalence rates and potential disease associations. The two objectives of this study were to determine the utility of mammalian cell-expressed HPgV-2 E2 glycoprotein or bacterium-expressed nonstructural protein 4AB (NS4AB) in detecting past or present infections and to compare the total prevalence (antibody and RNA positive) of HPgV-2 with that of the other human pegivirus, HPgV-1 (GB virus C [GBV-C]). HPgV-2 E2 antibodies were detected in 13 (92.86%) of 14 HPgV-2-viremic cases, and NS4AB antibodies were detected in 8 (57.14%) of 14 cases. The HPgV-2 seroprevalence was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) among HCV-infected individuals (3.31% [24 of 726 samples]) than among non-HCV-infected individuals (0.30% [4 of 1,348 samples]). Of 31 anti-E2-positive samples, 22 had supplemental supporting data; 12 samples were HPgV-2 RNA positive and 10 nonviremic samples were antibody positive for peptides or NS4AB. The total prevalence of HPgV-1 (35.00%) was significantly higher than that of HPgV-2 (1.33%) in all populations tested (P < 0.0001). For HPgV-1, codetection of antibodies to E2 and RNA was infrequent (5.88%). In contrast, antibodies to E2 were detected in most HPgV-2-viremic individuals (92.86%), as is observed among individuals chronically infected with HCV, most of whom are antibody positive for HCV E2. Our studies indicate that HPgV-2 circulates with HCV and displays a profile similar to the serological profile of HCV-infected persons, although the pathogenicity of this virus has yet to be established.
Rapid VLSI design of biorthogonal wavelet transform cores (2003)

A rapid design methodology for biorthogonal wavelet transform cores has been developed. This methodology is based on a generic, scaleable architecture for the wavelet filters. The architecture offers efficient hardware utilization by combining the linear phase property of biorthogonal filters with decimation in a MAC based implementation. The design has been captured in VHDL and parameterised in terms of wavelet type, data word length and coefficient word length. The control circuit is embedded within the cores and allows them to be cascaded without any interface glue logic for any desired level of decomposition. The design time to produce silicon layout of a biorthogonal wavelet based system is typically less than a day. The resulting silicon cores produced are comparable in area and performance to hand-crafted designs. The designs are portable across a range of foundries and are also applicable to FPGA and PLD implementations.
Broadband directional ultrasound propagation using sonic crystal and nonlinear medium (2013)

The development of a passive, sonic crystal-based device with unusual properties will be reported. This device combines a 1D sonic crystal, a nonlinear medium, and an acoustic low pass filter to allow broadband ultrasound propagation as a collimated beam for specialized underwater communication. The signal to be transmitted is first amplitude modulated with a high-frequency ultrasonic carrier wave and applied to one side of the device. The device then demodulates this signal and the original low frequency signal appears as a collimated beam on the other side. The sonic crystal provides a band pass acoustic filter through which the high-frequency ultrasonic signal can pass through and the nonlinear medium then demodulates the signal and also generates the low frequency sound beam through the parametric array concept. The low pass filter removes any remaining high frequency components. The device also functions in a unidirectional manner. Design details of the device and experimental data will be presented.
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A manifestation of the metabolic syndrome (2008)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common form of liver disease, affecting 20% to 30% of the US population. Its clinical manifestations are usually absent or subtle, and it usually comes to medical attention incidentally when aminotransferase levels are found to be elevated or a radiographic study reveals that the liver is fatty. Primary NAFLD is now considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. The pathogenesis is thought to be a multiple-hit process involving insulin resistance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and adipokines. In general, the prognosis for simple steatosis is very good; however, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) can progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in 10% to 15% of patients. There is no established treatment for NAFLD except for weight loss and treating each component of the metabolic syndrome.
High-resolution, tunneling-stabilized magnetic imaging and recording (1990)

We have used a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) to record and image magnetic regions on the surface of a hard disk. The usual rigid STM tip was replaced by a compliant magnetized Fe film tip. As a result, tunneling images were combinations of the surface topography and variations in the magnetic force between the Fe film tip and the disk surface. We believe that the recording process relied on maintaining the proximity of the magnetized Fe film tip near the disk surface. Apparently, the magnetic field was focused near the Fe film tip with sufficient intensity to change the surface magnetization of the disk. We have recorded spots on the disk within a 500 nm×500 nm area. These spots were subsequently imaged with the same STM tip. Our best magnetic image resolution was 20 nm. The compliance of the Fe film tips was such that image contrast due to variation of the magnetic force on the tip corresponded to z motions of the piezoelectric translator as large as 50 nm.
Learning to Group Text Lines and Regions in Freeform Handwritten Notes (2007)

This paper proposes a machine learning approach to grouping problems in ink parsing. Starting from an initial segmentation, hypotheses are generated by perturbing local configurations and processed in a high-confidence-first fashion, where the confidence of each hypothesis is produced by a data-driven AdaBoost decision-tree classifier with a set of intuitive features. This framework has successfully applied to grouping text lines and regions in complex freeform digital ink notes from real TabletPC users. It holds great potential in solving many other grouping problems in the ink parsing and document image analysis domains.
Nonintrusive speech quality estimation using Gaussian mixture models (2006)

An algorithm for nonintrusive speech quality estimation based on Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) is presented. GMMs are used to form an artificial reference model of the behavior of features of undegraded speech. Consistency measures between the degraded speech signal and the reference model serve as indicators of speech quality. Consistency values are mapped to an objective speech quality score using a multivariate adaptive regression splines function. When tested on unseen data, the proposed algorithm generally outperforms ITU-T standard P.563, which is the current "state-of-the-art" algorithm. The algorithm computes objective quality scores roughly twice as fast as P.563.
High-light-output scintillator for photodiode readout: LuI3:Ce3+ (2006)

In this paper, we investigated the scintillation properties of LuI3:Ce3+. Radioluminescence, light output, energy resolution, and γ-scintillation decay are reported. We find an extremely high light output of 98000±10000photons∕MeV. LuI3:Ce3+ also gives a very high electron-hole (e-h) pair response when it is coupled with an avalanche photodiode (APD) (92000±9000e-hpairs∕MeV). With an APD, a best energy resolution (full width at half maximum over the peak position) of 3.3%±0.3% for 662keV γ quanta is observed. A combination of an extremely high light output and a good energy resolution makes LuI3:Ce3+ an ideal scintillator for radiation sensor applications. Some drawbacks due to the hygroscopicity and the difficult growth of LuI3:Ce3+ crystals are also discussed.
Insight based dynamic QoE management in LTE (2015)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) subscribers expect seamless Quality of Experience (QoE) during their ubiquitous Internet access. Due to the high degree of application and content diversity, the amount of system resources that enable good QoE is application session specific and varies on a wide scale. Accordingly, good QoE requires dynamic and adaptive application session level resource management. The standard LTE Quality of Service (QoS) architecture was designed to provide bearer level differentiation thus it has neither the insight to the application sessions nor the granularity to provide proper QoE for each application session. Existing proprietary enhancements operating via context agnostic and static rule based bearer prioritization or intra-bearer scheduling are not able to allocate resources according to the actual QoE requirements of the application sessions. This paper describes a solution that maximizes the level of QoE and uses the system resources efficiently by dynamically adapting the QoS configuration to the estimated demand of individual application sessions. Simulations show that the solution is superior to the existing static methods that fail to provide proper QoE.
Singlet Fission: Current Challenges and Spectroscopy (2019)

Singlet fission, an exciton multiplication process, can augment existing solar cell technologies. We explore the current challenges facing the research field and how optical and magnetic resonance spectroscopies can help identify promising materials.
Creating Space for Large Acceptors: Rational Biocatalyst Design for Resveratrol Glycosylation in an Aqueous System (2015)

Abstract Polyphenols display a number of interesting properties but their low solubility limits practical applications. In that respect, glycosylation offers a solution for which sucrose phosphorylase has been proposed as a cost‐effective biocatalyst. However, its activity on alternative acceptor substrates is too low for synthetic purposes and typically requires the addition of organic (co‐)solvents. Here, we describe the engineering of the enzyme from Thermoanaerobacterium thermosaccharolyticum to enable glycosylation of resveratrol as test case. Based on docking and modeling studies, an active‐site loop was predicted to hinder binding. Indeed, the unbolted loop variant R134A showed useful affinity for resveratrol ( K m =185 m M ) and could be used for the quantitative production of resveratrol 3‐α‐glucoside in an aqueous system. Improved activity was also shown for other acceptors, introducing variant R134A as promising new biocatalyst for glycosylation reactions on bulky phenolic acceptors.
Ceramic fibers from Si-B-C polymer precursors (1993)

Non-oxide ceramics such as silicon carbide (SiC), silicon nitride (Si3N4), and silicon borides (SiB4, SiB6) have thermal stability, oxidation resistance, hardness, and varied electrical properties. All these materials can be prepared in a fiber form from a suitable polymer precursor. The above mentioned fibers, when tested over a temperature range from 25 to 1400 C, experience degradation at elevated temperatures. Past work in ceramic materials has shown that the strength of ceramics containing both carbides and borides is sustained at elevated temperatures, with minimum oxidation. The work presented here describes the formation of ceramic fibers containing both elements, boron and silicon, prepared via the polymer precursor route previously reported by the authors, and discusses the fiber mechanical properties that are retained over the temperature range studied.
Two-dimensional coupled photonic crystal resonator arrays (2004)

We present photonic crystal structures exhibiting flat electromagnetic bands (i.e., reduced the group velocity of light) in all crystal directions. Possible applications include miniaturized tunable optical delay components, high power low-threshold lasers, and nonlinear optics.
Novel Green Light-Emitting Carbazole Derivatives: Potential Electroluminescent Materials (2000)

Green light-emitting 3,6-bis(diarylamino)carbazoles (see Figure; R=H, Me, OMe) have been synthesized by palladium-catalyzed amination of 3,6-dibromocarbazole, it is reported. The performance of electroluminescent devices with these compounds as the hole-transport/emitting layer is shown to rival that of standard organic light-emitting devices.
Mixtures of Complete and<i>pif1</i>- and<i>pif2</i>-Deficient Genotypes Are Required for Increased Potency of an Insect Nucleopolyhedrovirus (2009)

The insecticidal potency of a nucleopolyhedrovirus population (SfNIC) that infects Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera) is greater than the potency of any of the component genotypes alone. Occlusion bodies (OBs) produced in mixed infections comprising the complete genotype and a deletion genotype are as pathogenic as the natural population of genotypes from the field. To test whether this increased potency was due to the deletion or to some other characteristic of the deletion variant genome, we used the SfNIC-B genome to construct a recombinant virus (SfNIC-B Delta 16K) with the same 16.4-kb deletion as that observed in SfNIC-C and another recombinant (SfNIC-B Delta pifs) with a deletion encompassing two adjacent genes (pif1 and pif2) that are essential for transmission per os. Mixtures comprising SfNIC-B and SfNIC-B Delta 16K in OB ratios that varied between 10:90 and 90:10 were injected into insects, and the progeny OBs were fed to larvae in an insecticidal potency assay. A densitometric analysis of PCR products indicated that SfNIC-B was generally more abundant than expected in mixtures based on the proportions of OBs used to produce the inocula. Mixtures derived from OB ratios of 10, 25, or 50% of SfNIC-B Delta 16K and the corresponding SfNIC-B proportions showed a significant increase in potency compared to SfNIC-B alone. The results of potency assays with mixtures comprising various proportions of SfNIC-B plus SfNIC-B Delta pifs were almost identical to the results observed with SfNIC-B Delta 16K, indicating that deletion of the pif gene region was responsible for the increased potency observed in mixtures of SfNIC-B and each deletion recombinant virus. Subsequently, mixtures produced from OB ratios involving 10 or 90% of SfNIC-B Delta 16K with the corresponding proportions of SfNIC-B were subjected to four rounds of per os transmission in larvae. The composition of each experimental mixture rapidly converged to a common equilibrium with a genotypic composition of approximately 85% SfNIC-B plus approximately 15% SfNIC-B Delta 16K. Nearly identical results were observed in peroral-passage experiments involving mixtures of SfNIC-B plus SfNIC-B Delta pifs. We conclude that (i) the deletion of the pif1 and pif2 region is necessary and sufficient to explain the increased potency observed in mixtures of complete and deletion genotypes and (ii) viral populations with decreased ratios of pif1- and pif2-deficient genotypes in the virus population increase the potency of genotypic mixtures and are likely to positively influence the transmission of this pathogen.
Collision Imminent Steering Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control (2018)

Collision imminent steering is an automotive active safety feature designed to swerve and avoid an obstacle on the road if the vehicle detects a forward collision cannot be avoided by braking alone. A collision imminent steering system is formulated in this paper to generate an optimal control sequence that performs an aggressive lane change maneuver in the shortest distance possible in a highway driving environment. The algorithm uses nonlinear model predictive control that pushes the vehicle to its dynamic handling limits, which are established through limits on the tire slip angle. Additionally, the algorithm is developed to leverage active four wheel steering to improve the performance over traditional front only steering. Numerical results show a window exists for which the vehicle can change lanes safely, even at highway speed. A Pareto front is generated to quantify the trade-off between maximum allowable tire slip and safe steering distance.
Chemiluminescent derivatization of adenyl compounds with glyoxal derivatives in the presence of heteropoly acids and its application to the simple and sensitive determination of DNA (1998)

A chemiluminescence (CL) determination of adenyl compounds is described. CL derivatization of adenyl compounds with methylglyoxal dimethyl acetal was performed in the presence of tungstosilicic acid and propan-2-ol. CL from adenyl compounds was produced by hydrogen peroxide and L-cysteine ethyl ester in DMF and water. The proposed method is highly sensitive and specific to compounds containing adenine. Adenine was determined in the range 1.0 x 10(-3)-5.0 x 10(-8) M with the detection limit of 3.0 x 10(-8) M (150 fmol per assay). The method was applied to the determination of DNA and detection limits of a few nanograms of DNA achieved.
Dynamics of phragmoplastin in living cells during cell plate formation and uncoupling of cell elongation from the plane of cell division. (1997)

The cell plate is formed by the fusion of Golgi apparatus-derived vesicles in the center of the phragmoplast during cytokinesis in plant cells. A dynamin-like protein, phragmoplastin, has been isolated and shown to be associated with cell plate formation in soybean by using immunocytochemistry. In this article, we demonstrate that similar to dynamin, phragmoplastin polymerizes to form oligomers. We fused soybean phragmoplastin with the green fluorescence protein (GFP) and introduced it into tobacco BY-2 cells to monitor the dynamics of early events in cell plate formation. We demonstrate that the chimeric protein is functional and targeted to the cell plate during cytokinesis in transgenic cells. GFP-phragmoplastin was found to appear first in the center of the forming cell plate, and as the cell plate grew outward, it redistributed to the growing margins of the cell plate. The redistribution of phragmoplastin may require microtubule reorganization because the microtubule-stabilizing drug taxol inhibited phragmoplastin redistribution. Our data show that throughout the entire process of cytokinesis, phragmoplastin is concentrated in the area in which membrane fusion is active, suggesting that phragmoplastin participates in an early membrane fusion event during cell plate formation. Based on the dynamics of GFP-phragmoplastin, it appears that the process of cell plate formation is completed in two phases. The first phase is confined to the cylinder of the phragmoplast proper and is followed by a second phase that deposits phragmoplast vesicles in a concentric fashion, resulting in a ring of fluorescence, with the concentration of vesicles being higher at the periphery. In addition, overexpression of GFP-phragmoplastin appears to act as a dominant negative, slowing down the completion of cell plate formation, and often results in an oblique cell plate. The latter appears to uncouple cell elongation from the plane of cell division, forming twisted and elongated cells with longitudinal cell divisions.
State-of-the-art high-speed switched reluctance machines (2015)

High speed machines are being used in an increasing number of applications. Low cost and fault tolerance enables the vision of switched reluctance machines providing greater value to a variety of industries in the future. This paper presents the state of the art of high speed switched reluctance machines. Machines which operate above 20,000RPM have been classified as high speed for this work. The research work presented investigates machines and their drives ranging from 100W to 300kW.
Improved delivery through biological membranes. 11. A redox chemical drug-delivery system and its use for brain-specific delivery of phenylethylamine (1983)

A dihydropyridine in equilibrium pyridinium salt type redox system is described as a general and flexible method for site-specific and sustained delivery of drugs to the brain. According to this, a biologically active compound linked to a lipoidal dihydropyridine carrier easily penetrates the blood-brain barrier. Oxidation of the carrier part in vivo to the ionic pyridinium salt prevents its elimination from the brain, while elimination from the general circulation is accelerated. Subsequent cleavage of the quaternary carrier-drug species results in sustained delivery of the drug in the brain and facile elimination of the carrier part. The concept is illustrated with phenethylamine as the drug and trigonelline as the quaternary carrier. One injection to rats of 1-methyl-3-(N-phenethylcarbamoyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine resulted in continuous build up in the brain of the corresponding 1-methyl-3-(N-phenethylcarbamoyl)pyridinium salt, reaching a maximum at about 80 min. At this time, the general circulation was practically void of either compound, while the accumulated carrier-drug species provided a source for sustained drug delivery only in the brain.