gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoplethysmography for blood volumes and oxygenation changes during intermittent vascular occlusions (2017)

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is an optical technique that measures blood volume variations. The main application of dual-wavelength PPG is pulse oximetry, in which the arterial oxygen saturation (SpO[Formula: see text]) is calculated noninvasively. However, the PPG waveform contains other significant physiological information that can be used in conjunction to SpO[Formula: see text] for the assessment of oxygenation and blood volumes changes. This paper investigates the use of near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) processing techniques for extracting relative concentration changes of oxygenated ([Formula: see text]HbO[Formula: see text]), reduced ([Formula: see text]HHb) and total haemoglobin ([Formula: see text]tHb) from dual-wavelength PPG signals during intermittent pressure-increasing vascular occlusions. A reflectance PPG sensor was attached on the left forearm of nineteen (n = 19) volunteers, along with a reference NIRS sensor positioned on the same forearm, above the left brachioradialis. The investigation protocol consisted of seven intermittent and pressure-increasing vascular occlusions. Relative changes in haemoglobin concentrations were obtained by applying the modified Beer-Lambert law to PPG signals, while oxygenation changes were estimated by the difference between red and infrared attenuations of DC PPGs (A[Formula: see text] = [Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text] - [Formula: see text]A[Formula: see text]) and by the conventional SpO[Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text]HbO[Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]HHb, [Formula: see text]tHb from the PPG signals indicated significant changes in perfusion induced by either partial and complete occlusions (p < 0.05). The trends in the variables extracted from PPG showed good correlation with the same parameters measured by the reference NIRS monitor. Bland and Altman analysis of agreement between PPG and NIRS showed underestimation of the magnitude of changes by the PPG. A[Formula: see text] indicated significant changes for occlusion pressures exceeding 20 mmHg (p < 0.05) and correlation with tissue oxygenation changes measured by NIRS, while SpO[Formula: see text] had significant changes after 40 mmHg (p < 0.05). Relative changes in haemoglobin concentrations can be estimated from PPG signals and they showed a good level of accuracy in the detection of perfusion and oxygenation changes induced by different degrees of intermittent vascular occlusions. These results can open up to new applications of the PPG waveform in the detection of blood volumes and oxygenation changes.
Secure and authentic communication on existing in-vehicle networks (2009)

Because of the increasing number of electronic components, the automotive manufacturers introduced data bus systems to decrease the number of discrete lines. Inside modern vehicles there are several bus systems that are used for communication to provide many safety-relevant functions with direct impact to the vehicle's behaviour. Due to missing security services, these in-car networks are unprotected against malicious attacks. Exemplarily focussing CAN, this article explains that the missing of authenticity and confidentiality are the most important issues concerning security risks for in-car communication. A flexible and adaptive solution using trusted communication groups is presented that enables confidential communication between components of a vehicle and guarantees that only authentic controllers - holding a certificate signed by the manufacturer - are able to be part of these closed communication groups.
Therapy: State-of-the-art assessment of quality. The national cancer institute perspective (1989)

The National Cancer Institute (NCI) has a broad spectrum of responsibilities that range from support of basic laboratory research to the clinical testing of new therapeutics and, finally, the dissemination of results of this research to the practicing physician and the public. The reduction of cancer mortality is largely dependent on the responsibility for widespread application of state-of-the-art cancer treatments. A major cancer control focus of the NCI over the last decade has been the development and implementation of programs designed to improve awareness, access and application of state-of-the-art cancer treatment. In addition to the computerized Physician Data Query system, three targeted programs, the Cooperative Group Outreach Program (CGOP), the Community Hospital Oncology Program (CHOP), and the Community Clinical Oncology Program (CCOP) have all been aimed at establishing mechanisms to facilitate the transfer of new patient care technology; and, thereby, provide the highest quality cancer treatment in the community setting. An evaluation was conducted to determine if patterns and outcomes of cancer care management changed over time, and whether this could be related to the presence of CGOP, CHOP, and CCOP. Measurement of required program implementation was relatively straightforward. However, measurement of resultant changes in "quality of care" and the factors that influence physician performance are complex and controversial. Critical elements in the treatment of breast, colon, rectum, and small cell lung cancer were used as tracers to measure changes in the patterns of care in communities where programs were implemented. Results from this study highlight issues in state-of-the-art assessment of quality, such as the difficulty in defining quality cancer care, relationships between process and outcome indicators, and the problems of documentation and missing data. Assurance of quality cancer care requires the interaction of health care professionals with knowledge of the most up-to-date cancer research results working in a health care delivery system that encourages and rewards application of these results.
Estimation of thickness, complex bulk permittivity and surface conductivity using interdigital dielectrometry (1989)

Experiments that are based on theoretical techniques for deducing continuum parameters from the gain-phase response of interdigital electrodes are described. They demonstrate the use of 50- mu m- or 1-mm-wavelength interdigitated electrodes for the absolute measurement of (1) the thickness and voidage of a layer formed by the sedimentation of 41- mu m particles in transformer oil; (2) the thickness and high-frequency bulk permittivity of plasma-deposited bromobenzene and vacuum-deposited parylene, the former in-situ; (3) the complex permittivity of transformer oil without and with a parylene passivation layer to prevent the adsorption of water; (4) the dispersion of oil-impregnated paper having a finite thickness; and (5) the surface conductivity due to adsorption of water on a silicon dioxide substrate. The frequency range for (3)-(5) is 0.005 Hz to 10 kHz. Difficulties that are apparently due to charging effects on the integrated circuitry are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Proton‐Ionizable crown compounds. <b>8</b>. Synthesis and structural studies of macrocyclic polyether ligands containing a 4‐thiopyridone subcyclic unit (1986)

Abstract Three new proton‐ionizable macrocyclic polyether ligands containing the 4‐pyridone subcyclic group have been prepared. Two of these ligands contain lipophilic n ‐octyl substituents, the other ligand contains a phenyl substituent. The 15‐crown‐5 ligand containing both a 4‐pyridone subcyclic unit and an n ‐octyl substituent selectively transported lithium cations in a water‐methylene chloride‐water bulk liquid membrane system. Five crown compounds containing the 4‐pyridone subcyclic unit were converted to the 4‐thiopyridono‐crown compounds when treated with Lawesson's Reagent. The crystal structure of 4‐thiopyridono‐18‐crown‐6 shows a carbon‐sulfur double bond and a molecule of water hydrogen bonded inside the macrocycle cavity.
Considerations for Development of Surrogate Endpoints for Antifracture Efficacy of New Treatments in Osteoporosis: A Perspective (2008)

Because of the broad availability of efficacious osteoporosis therapies, conduct of placebo-controlled trials in subjects at high risk for fracture is becoming increasing difficult. Alternative trial designs include placebo-controlled trials in patients at low risk for fracture or active comparator studies, both of which would require enormous sample sizes and associated financial resources. Another more attractive alternative is to develop and validate surrogate endpoints for fracture. In this perspective, we review the concept of surrogate endpoints as it has been developed in other fields of medicine and discuss how it could be applied in clinical trials of osteoporosis. We outline a stepwise approach and possible study designs to qualify a biomarker as a surrogate endpoint in osteoporosis and review the existing data for several potential surrogate endpoints to assess their success in meeting the proposed criteria. Finally, we suggest a research agenda needed to advance the development of biomarkers as surrogate endpoints for fracture in osteoporosis trials. To ensure optimal development and best use of biomarkers to accelerate drug development, continuous dialog among the health professionals, industry, and regulators is of paramount importance.
Use of Transdermal Nicotine in a State-Level Prescription Plan for the Elderly (1994)

This survey offers an important first look at problems and prospects for nicotine patch therapy in older adults, with implications for other groups as well. Prospective studies are needed to clarify optimal treatment regimens and adjuncts.
Development of a chipless RFID temperature sensor using cascaded spiral resonators (2011)

In this paper a fully printable low cost chipless RFID temperature sensor is presented. The chipless RFID comprises of multiresonator spirals coupled with a microstrip line. Each spiral represents a single data bit and the number of cascaded spirals corresponds to the number of bits it can store. The integration of temperature sensing is performed by utilizing the resonant frequency of a specific spiral of the tag. Unlike earlier reported works on chipless RFID temperature sensor our proposed sensor does not require any external circuitry or semiconductor chip for sensing environment temperature. Rather, it performs real time temperature sensing using the dielectric property of temperature dependent high K polyamides. Introducing high K dielectric material changes the equivalent capacitance of the LC resonator which varies with environment temperature. Results verify that a dedicated resonator can perform the sensing whereas the other cascaded resonators resemble the ID of the tag.
Intralesional Verapamil Injection for the Treatment of Peyronie’s Disease (1994)

Peyronie's disease remains a therapeutic dilemma for the practicing urologist. Multiple nonoperative therapies have been offered with variable suboptimal response rates. Calcium channel blockers have been shown to alter the metabolism of fibroblasts, resulting in decreased extracellular matrix secretion of collagen as well as increased collagenase activity. In this nonrandomized dose-escalating format study 14 men received biweekly injections of verapamil into the Peyronie's plaques for 6 months. Subjectively, there was significant improvement in plaque-associated penile narrowing (100%) and curvature (42%). Objectively, a decreased plaque volume of greater than 50% was noted in 30% of the subjects. Plaque softening was noted in all patients, while 83% noticed that plaque-related changes in erectile function had arrested or improved. There was no toxicity nor did symptoms recur when improvement was noted. This preliminary study suggests that intralesional calcium antagonist (verapamil) therapy offers an economical and sensible nonoperative approach to the treatment of Peyronie's disease.
Design of Smart Home Management System Based on GSM and Zigbee (2013)

The design is mainly achieved the network that based on the new short-distance wireless instead of the traditional wired as a family of internal data and control network, and built smart home managementsystem based on embedded GSM technology . The design of smart home managementsystem consists of five parts: ARM controller platform, mobile phones, GSM wireless communication module, Zigbee Coordinator nodes, Zigbee Terminal nodes and sensor parts.
Oxidative and Reductive Pathways in Iron-Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid–Activated Persulfate Systems (2011)

The iron (II)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and iron (III)-EDTA activation of persulfate was compared using reactant-specific probe compounds: the combined sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical probe anisole, the hydroxyl radical probe nitrobenzene, and the reductant/nucleophile probe hexachloroethane. Iron (II)-EDTA and iron (III)-EDTA were equally effective for activating persulfate decomposition and for generating reductants/nucleophiles at pH 5, while iron (III)-EDTA was a more effective activator than iron (II)-EDTA for generating oxidants. Use of the combined sulfate radical and hydroxyl radical scavenger isopropanol and the hydroxyl radical scavenger tert-butanol demonstrated that approximately 86 and 73% of the oxidation activity in iron (II)-EDTA and iron (III)-EDTA-activated persulfate systems, respectively, was attributable to hydroxyl radical activity. The generation of hydroxyl radical in iron-EDTA-activated persulfate systems at pH 5 was confirmed using electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The results of these pathway analyses, in conjunction with confirmation of the results using the common groundwater contaminant trichloroethylene (TCE), show that iron (II)-EDTA and iron (III)-EDTA-activated persulfate may be an effective system for the in situ remediation of contaminated groundwater.
SiO2@Fe2O3 core–shell nanoparticles for covalent immobilization and release of sparfloxacin drug (2011)

Silica-coated Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles were synthesized as carriers for the covalent immobilization and release of antimicrobial drug sparfloxacin (SPFX). SPFX-loaded nanoparticles exhibited time-dependent drug release, with no measurable in vitro cytotoxicity, making the drug@nanoparticle conjugates potentially relevant for nanomedicine applications.
Is Massive MIMO Energy Efficient? (2015)

Massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) can support high spectral efficiency (SE) with simple linear transceivers, and is expected to provide high energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we analyze the EE of downlink multi-cell massive MIMO systems under spatially correlated channel model, where both transmit and circuit power consumptions, training overhead, channel estimation and pilot contamination (PC) are taken into account. We obtain the maximal EE for the systems with maximum-ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing beamforming (ZFBF) for given number of antennas and users by optimizing the transmit power. The closed-form expressions of approximated optimal transmit power and maximal EE, and their scaling laws with the number of antennas M are derived for the systems with MRT and ZFBF. Our analysis shows that the maximal EE decreases with M for both systems with and without PC, but with different descending speeds. For the system without PC, the optimal transmit power should be configured to increases with M, while for the system with PC, the optimal transmit power should be configured as a constant independent from M. The analytical results are validated by simulations under a more realistic three-dimensional channel model.
Deep Cross-modality Adaptation via Semantics Preserving Adversarial Learning for Sketch-based 3D Shape Retrieval (2018)

Due to the large cross-modality discrepancy between 2D sketches and 3D shapes, retrieving 3D shapes by sketches is a significantly challenging task. To address this problem, we propose a novel framework to learn a discriminative deep cross-modality adaptation model in this paper. Specifically, we first separately adopt two metric networks, following two deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs), to learn modality-specific discriminative features based on an importance-aware metric learning method. Subsequently, we explicitly introduce a cross-modality transformation network to compensate for the divergence between two modalities, which can transfer features of 2D sketches to the feature space of 3D shapes. We develop an adversarial learning based method to train the transformation model, by simultaneously enhancing the holistic correlations between data distributions of two modalities, and mitigating the local semantic divergences through minimizing a cross-modality mean discrepancy term. Experimental results on the SHREC 2013 and SHREC 2014 datasets clearly show the superior retrieval performance of our proposed model, compared to the state-of-the-art approaches.
Phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes with high efficiency and brightness (2023)

An organic light emitting device including a) an anode; b) a cathode; and c) an emissive layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, the emissive layer comprising an organic host compound and a phosphorescent compound exhibiting a Stokes Shift overlap greater than 0.3 eV. The organic light emitting device may further include a hole transport layer disposed between the emissive layer and the anode; and an electron transport layer disposed between the emissive layer and the cathode. In some embodiments, the phosphorescent compound exhibits a phosphorescent lifetime of less than 10 .mu.s. In some embodiments, the concentration of the phosphorescent compound ranges from 0.5 wt. % to 10 wt. %.
Low-rate quantization of spectral information in a 4 kb/s pitch-synchronous CELP coder (2002)

A new efficient algorithm for quantizing the spectral information for a pitch-synchronous CELP (PSCELP) speech coder is proposed. LPC analysis in the PSCELP is carried out once per pitch period. Direct quantization of the pitch synchronous LSF vectors would lead to a variable-rate codec, which is inconsistent with the objective of achieving a fixed-rate speech coder operating at 4 kb/s. Hence, a linear trajectory of LSF vectors is selected which can be encoded by one LSF vector each 20 ms. This conversion exploits the high correlation between successive pitch periods of the LSF parameters to achieve joint quantization. A coding rate of 1.2 kb/s is achieved for the LSF information with no noticeable degradation. The proposed algorithm employs linear interpolation at the decoder to recover the spectral parameters for the individual pitch periods used in the pitch-synchronous reconstruction of the speech signal. The comparison simulation results show that this algorithm produces comparable performance to that of LSF's linear interpolation quantization in a time-synchronous CELP coder.
A.R. Davis memorial lecture, 2018: On the creative aesthetics of nobel laureate Gao Xingjian (2018)

Professor Davis (1924-1983) was that eccentric Englishman who was my mentor in Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney for many years. I graduated with a BA (Hons I) degree in 1962 and then a PhD in 1966 for research in the field of Late Imperial and Early Republican Chinese intellectual history, with a focus on economic thought. Born in Warialda in northern New South Wales, Christmas Eve 1939, I can lay claim to having been the first Chinese Studies PhD graduate who had undertaken undergraduate studies entirely in Australia. I was appointed lecturer at the University of Sydney on 31 January 1966 with a brief to develop courses for the teaching of modern Chinese language, literature and history and, after a thirty-four year career, I terminated my contract on 31 January 2000. At present I hold concurrent appointments as adjunct professor at the University of Sydney, and distinguished professor at the Open University of Hong Kong. I am an honorary fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities.
A Task-Centric Memory Model for Scalable Accelerator Architectures (2009)

This paper presents a task-centric memory model for 1000-core compute accelerators. Visual computing applications are emerging as an important class of workloads that can exploit 1000-core processors. In these workloads, we observe data sharing and communication patterns that can be leveraged in the design of memory systems for future 1000-core processors. Based on these insights, we propose a memory model that uses a software protocol, working in collaboration with hardware caches, to maintain a coherent, single-address space view of memory without the need for hardware coherence support. We evaluate the task-centric memory model in simulation on a 1024-core MIMD accelerator we are developing that, with the help of a runtime system, implements the proposed memory model. We evaluate coherence management policies related to the task-centric memory model and show that the overhead of maintaining a coherent view of memory in software can be minimal. We further show that, while software management may constrain speculative hardware prefetching into local caches, a common optimization, it does not constrain the more relevant use case of off-chip prefetching from DRAM into shared caches.
Hydrochloride fasudil attenuates brain injury in ICH rats (2020)

HF exerts neuroprotective effects in ICH rats by inhibiting the expression of ROCK2, reducing neutrophil infiltration and production of inflammatory cytokines, decreasing brain edema, and attenuating loss of neurons.
Internalization and Homologous Desensitization of the GLP-1 Receptor Depend on Phosphorylation of the Receptor Carboxyl Tail at the Same Three Sites (1997)

Homologous desensitization and internalization of the GLP-1 receptor correlate with phosphorylation of the receptor in a 33-amino acid segment of the cytoplasmic tail.Here, we identify the sites of phosphorylation as being three serine doublets located at positions 441/442, 444/445, and 451/452.The role of phosphorylation on homologous desensitization was assessed after stable expression in fibroblasts of the wild type or of mutant receptors in which phosphorylation sites were changed in various combinations to alanines.We showed that desensitization, as measured by a decrease in the maximal production of cAMP after a first exposure of the cells to GLP-1, was strictly dependent on phosphorylation.Furthermore, the number of phosphorylation sites correlated with the extent of desensitization with no, intermediate, or maximal desensitization observed in the presence of one, two, or three phosphorylation sites, respectively.Internalization of the receptor-ligand complex was assessed by measuring the rate of internalization of bound [ 125 I]GLP-1 or the redistribution of the receptor to an endosomal compartment after agonist binding.Our data demonstrate that internalization was prevented in the absence of receptor phosphorylation and that intermediate rates of endocytosis were obtained with receptors containing one or two phosphorylation sites.Thus, homologous desensitization and internalization require phosphorylation of the receptor at the same three sites.However, the differential quantitative impairment of these two processes in the single and double mutants suggests different molecular mechanisms controlling desensitization and internalization.