gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault-Tolerant Control for 4WID/4WIS Electric Vehicle Based on EKF and SMC (2015)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper presents a fault-tolerant control (FTC) algorithm for four-wheel independently driven and steered (4WID/4WIS) electric vehicle. The Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) algorithm is utilized in the fault detection (FD) module so as to estimate the in-wheel motor parameters, which could detect parameter variations caused by in-wheel motor fault. A motion controller based on sliding mode control (SMC) is able to compute the generalized forces/moments to follow the desired vehicle motion. By considering the tire adhesive limits, a reconfigurable control allocator optimally distributes the generalized forces/moments among healthy actuators so as to minimize the tire workloads once the actuator fault is detected. An actuator controller calculates the driving torques of the in-wheel motors and steering angles of the wheels in order to finally achieve the distributed tire forces. If one or more in-wheel motors lose efficacy, the FD module diagnoses the actuator failures first. Then the reconfigurable control allocator accommodates faulty in-wheel motors and reconfigures the control allocation law of the healthy motors to achieve the desired vehicle motion to the greatest extent. Experimental verification is made to show that the proposed FTC algorithm is able to improve the vehicle's stability and handling performance in various driving scenarios.</div></div>
Effect of air damping on the dynamics of nonuniform deformations of microstructures (2002)

In this paper, we present a methodology for extracting macromodel parameters of compressible isothermal squeezed-film damping (CISQFD) for flexible structures of MEMS under small amplitude oscillation. The theoretical derivation, which is based on structural modal analysis and CISQFD numerical simulation, is presented. The spring and damping components of CISQFD of any oscillation mode can be extracted by this methodology, and thus the generic parameters of CISQFD can be obtained for any flexible structure with given oscillation modes. We successfully formulated an accurate and concise second order dynamics equation for a flexible MEMS devices by using the CISQFD parameters and the modal spring constant and mass. Simulation results of resonance shift and quality factor are consistent with experimental results.
A rivastigmine patch for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease dementia (2007)

Rivastigmine patch is the first transdermal treatment to be approved for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease dementia in the USA and for AD in Europe. It provides smooth, continuous drug delivery, and has the potential to maintain rivastigmine concentrations within an optimal therapeutic window while avoiding the peaks and troughs associated with oral drug delivery. The target dose, rivastigmine 9.5 mg/24 h patch (a 10 cm(2) patch), is given once daily and requires a simple one-step dose titration to the therapeutic dose. In a 24-week study in 1195 AD patients, the rivastigmine 9.5 mg/24 h patch provided similar efficacy to the highest dose range of capsules, with approximately three-times fewer reports of nausea and vomiting. Patients in the 9.5 mg/24 h patch and 12 mg/day capsule groups evidenced significant improvements versus placebo on both primary outcome measures: the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale; and Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Clinical Global Impression of Change; in addition to the following secondary outcome measures: Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living scale; Mini-Mental State Examination; and Trail Making Test Part A for assessment of attention, visual tracking and motor processing speed. Treatment differences on the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and Ten Point Clock-drawing Test did not reach statistical significance in this study. The patch may be the optimal way to treat dementia patients with rivastigmine.
Quantitative relationships for specific growth rates and macromolecular compositions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) and Escherichia coli B/r: an integrative theoretical approach (2004)

Further understanding of the physiological states of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacteria was sought through comparisons with the genomic properties and macromolecular compositions of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2), grown at 30 degrees C, and Escherichia coli B/r, grown at 37 degrees C. A frame of reference was established based on quantitative relationships observed between specific growth rates ( micro ) of cells and their macromolecular compositions. The concept of a schematic cell based on transcription/translation coupling, average genes and average proteins was developed to provide an instantaneous view of macromolecular synthesis carried out by cells growing at their maximum rate. It was inferred that the ultra-fast growth of E. coli results from its ability to increase the average number of rRNA (rrn) operons per cell through polyploidy, thereby increasing its capacity for ribosome synthesis. The maximum growth rate of E. coli was deduced to be limited by the rate of uptake and consumption of nutrients providing energy. Three characteristic properties of S. coelicolor A3(2) growing optimally ( micro =0.30 h(-1)) were identified. First, the rate of DNA replication was found to approach the rate reported for E. coli ( micro =1.73 h(-1)); secondly, all rrn operons were calculated to be fully engaged in precursor-rRNA synthesis; thirdly, compared with E. coli, protein synthesis was found to depend on higher concentrations of ribosomes and lower concentrations of aminoacyl-tRNA and EF-Tu. An equation was derived for E. coli B/r relating micro to the number of rrn operons per genome. Values of micro =0.69 h(-1) and micro =1.00 h(-1) were obtained respectively for cells with one or two rrn operons per genome. Using the author's equation relating the number of rrn operons per genome to maximum growth rate, it is expected that M. tuberculosis with one rrn operon should be capable of growing much faster than it actually does. Therefore, it is suggested that the high number of insertion sequences in this species attenuates growth rate to still lower values.
Radiation effects in a CMOS active pixel sensor (2000)

A CMOS active pixel sensor has been evaluated with Co60, 10 MeV proton and heavy-ion irradiation. Permanent displacement damage effects were seen but total ionizing dose-induced dark current and increase in power supply current annealed at 100/spl deg/C. Large changes in responsivity were seen after proton irradiation, which subsequently annealed. Mechanisms for these responsivity changes are discussed, but a definitive cause has not yet been established.
An Inotropic Action Caused by Muscarinic Receptor Subtype 3 in Canine Cardiac Purkinje Fibers (2013)

Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the inotropic mechanisms and the related muscarinic receptor subtype of acetylcholine (ACh) in canine cardiac Purkinje fibers. Materials and Methods. Isolated Purkinje fiber bundles were used for the measurement of contraction. The receptor subtype was determined using PCR and real-time PCR methods. Results. ACh evoked a biphasic response with a transient negative inotropic effect followed by a positive inotropic effect in a concentration-dependent manner. The biphasic inotropic actions of ACh were inhibited by the pretreatment with atropine. Caffeine inhibited the positive inotropic effect of ACh. ACh increased inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate content in the Purkinje fibers, which was abolished by atropine. Muscarinic subtypes 2 (M2) and 3 (M3) mRNAs were detected in the canine Purkinje fibers albeit the amount of M3 mRNA was smaller than M2 mRNA. M1 mRNA was not detected. Conclusion. These results suggest that the positive inotropic action of ACh may be mediated by the activation of IP3 receptors through the stimulation of M3 receptors in the canine cardiac Purkinje fibers.
Toward Flexible Polymer and Paper‐Based Energy Storage Devices (2011)

All-polymer and paper-based energy storage devices have significant inherent advantages in comparison with many currently employed batteries and supercapacitors regarding environmental friendliness, flexibility, cost and versatility. The research within this field is currently undergoing an exciting development as new polymers, composites and paper-based devices are being developed. In this report, we review recent progress concerning the development of flexible energy storage devices based on electronically conducting polymers and cellulose containing composites with particular emphasis on paper-based batteries and supercapacitors. We discuss recent progress in the development of the most commonly used electronically conducting polymers used in flexible device prototypes, the advantages and disadvantages of this type of energy storage devices, as well as the two main approaches used in the manufacturing of paper-based charge storage devices.
A Cache Enhanced Endorser Design for Mitigating Performance Degradation in Hyperledger Fabric (2018)

As a key technology that realises decentralised and highly trusted database management, Blockchain has recently attracted extensive attention. However, the high latency and low throughput in highly concurrent environments is the main performance bottleneck of Blockchain technology, and thus delays its deployment. Although multiple studies have been dedicated to solving the problem of low throughput in Blockchain, they only paid attention to the scenarios with large transactions volume while neglecting the issue of conflicting transactions. In this paper, we demonstrate that the conflict transactions will not only decrease the computing efficiency of Endorser but also slow down the performance of Hyperledger Fabric. Besides, we propose a Cache enhanced Endorser solution to tackle conflict transactions in Hyperledger Fabric vl.0. The experimental results show that our approach can reduce the workload of a node by up to 80%, shorten the turnaround time of transactions by 55%, and improve the computational performance of Endorser up to 1.9 times.
Aqueous sodium hypochlorite mediated chemoselective oxidation of chalcogenides to monoxides and dioxides by microwave exposure (2010)

A solvent-free, rapid, and highly selective oxidation of sulfides, selenides, and tellurides (chalcogenides) to the corresponding monoxides (sulfoxides, selenoxides, and telluroxides) or the corresponding dioxides (sulfones, selenones, and tellurones) has been developed using aqueous sodium hypochlorite on solid supports by exposure to microwave. Chemoselectivity and quantitative yields have been attained in most cases.
Image processing techniques for wafer defect cluster identification (2002)

Electrical testing determines whether each die on a wafer functions as originally designed. But these tests don't detect all the defective dies in clustered defects on the wafer, such as scratches, stains, or localized failed patterns. Although manual checking prevents many defective dies from continuing on to assembly, it does not detect localized failure patterns-caused by the fabrication process-because they are invisible to the naked eye. To solve these problems, we propose an automatic, wafer-scale, defect cluster identifier. This software tool uses a median filter and a clustering approach to detect the defect clusters and to mark all defective dies. Our experimental results verify that the proposed algorithm effectively detects defect clusters, although it introduces an additional 1% yield loss of electrically good dies. More importantly, it makes automated wafer testing feasible for application in the wafer-probing stage.
Agitation-aeration studies on coenzyme Q10 production using Rhodopseudomonas spheroides (1992)

Agitation-aeration conditions for coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) production using Rhodopseudomonas spheroides KY8598 were investigated. CoQ10 production occurred under a limited oxygen supply. The relationship between specific respiratory rate Qo2 and the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) showed the existence of optimal oxygen supply conditions for cell growth and CoQ10 production. However, the behavior of the maximum specific respiration rate (Qo2)max on the production scale differed from that on the pilot scale. The relationship of Qo2/(Qo2)max and ORP could describe the whole scale-up procedure of CoQ10 fermentation. The optimal ORPs were -150 mV for cell growth and -200 mV for intracellular CoQ10 production. Using these parameters, successful CoQ10 fermentation has been accomplished on the industrial scale.
Measurement of Accelerated Steel Corrosion in Concrete Using Ground-Penetrating Radar and a Modified Half-Cell Potential Method (2012)

A new approach is presented to evaluate corrosion of steel bars in concrete by 1.5- and 2.6-GHz ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and a modified half-cell potential method. Changes in time-lapsed travel times, amplitudes, and peak frequencies that are associated with short-time Fourier transform spectrograms of the bar reflections were continuously measured. The year-long corrosion process of the reinforcement bar rapidly accelerated within a few days by impressing direct current across a pair of embedded reinforcement bars, which served as the anode and cathode. When corrosion started, the travel times, amplitudes, and frequency spectra of the bar reflection changed. The results were analyzed by dividing the material’s response into three phases (NaCl contamination, depassivation, and corrosion). The writers attribute the phenomena of the first two phases to the ionic conduction and interfacial polarization effect, described in the low-frequency regime of complex dielectric permittivity outlined in the Maxwell-Wagner effect. The remaining phase corresponds with the appearance of large and multiple interfaces among steel, concrete, corrosion product, and cracks, in addition to the upward movement of the corrosion product to the concrete surface that intercepts wider radar footprints. The findings, based on time lapse measurements, provide a basis to further apply the GPR technique to spatial measurements in laboratory and field studies.
Quadratic video interpolation (2019)

Video interpolation is an important problem in computer vision, which helps overcome the temporal limitation of camera sensors. Existing video interpolation methods usually assume uniform motion between consecutive frames and use linear models for interpolation, which cannot well approximate the complex motion in the real world. To address these issues, we propose a quadratic video interpolation method which exploits the acceleration information in videos. This method allows prediction with curvilinear trajectory and variable velocity, and generates more accurate interpolation results. For high-quality frame synthesis, we develop a flow reversal layer to estimate flow fields starting from the unknown target frame to the source frame. In addition, we present techniques for flow refinement. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our approach performs favorably against the existing linear models on a wide variety of video datasets.
Technical Advances in Current PET and Hybrid Imaging Systems (2010)

The continuing efforts of investigators to achieve the best physical and clinical performances from PET (positron emission tomography) and related hybrid cameras (PET/CT and PET/MRI) have led to remarkable technical advances in hardware and software. Time of flight (TOF) information measurement, which has been enabled thanks to the invention of fast, heavy crystals and advances in fast light detection sensors and readout electronics, is used to obtain the PET images of better quality and lesion-detection performance. Statistical reconstruction with resolution recovery and measurements of depth of interaction (DOI) are the useful software-and hardware-wise approaches for enhancing the spatial resolution of reconstructed PET images. These technical advances along with an expansive increase in the number of PET and PET/CT examinations performed are facilitating the widespread use of PET scanners with specific detector structures and arrangements for particular applications or organs. Combined multimodal imaging systems are also in the development mainstream of these PET systems.
Towards Linked Data Fact Validation through Measuring Consensus. (2015)

Abstract. In the context of linked open data, different datasets can be interlinked together, thereby providing rich background knowledge for a dataset under examination. We believe that knowledge from interlinked datasets can be used to validate the accuracy of a linked data fact. In this paper, we present a novel approach for linked data fact validation using linked open data published on the web. This approach utilises owl:sameAs links for retrieving evidence triples, and a novel predicate similarity matching method. It computes the confidence score of an in-put fact based on weighted average of similarity of the evidence triples retrieved. We also demonstrate the feasibility of our approach using a sample of facts extracted from DBpedia.
Amyloid toxicity in Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

A major feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is the plaque composed of aggregated amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide. Although these plaques may have harmful properties, there is much evidence to implicate soluble oligomeric Aβ as the primary noxious form. Aβ oligomers can be generated both extracellularly and intracellularly. Aβ is toxic to neurons in a myriad of ways. It can cause pore formation resulting in the leakage of ions, disruption of cellular calcium balance, and loss of membrane potential. It can promote apoptosis, cause synaptic loss, and disrupt the cytoskeleton. Current treatments for AD are limited and palliative. Much research and effort is being devoted to reducing Aβ production as an approach to slowing or preventing the development of AD. Aβ formation results from the amyloidogenic cleavage of human amyloid precursor protein (APP). Reconfiguring this process to disfavor amyloid generation might be possible through the reduction of APP or inhibition of enzymes that convert the precursor protein to amyloid.
Programmable surface deformation: thickness-mode electroactive polymer actuators and their applications (2005)

Many different actuator configurations based on SRI International’s dielectric elastomer (DE) type of electroactive polymer (EAP) have been developed for a variety of applications. These actuators have shown excellent actuation properties including maximum actuation strains of up to 380% and energy densities of up to 3.4 J/g, using the planar mode of actuation. Recently, SRI has investigated different configurations of DE actuators that allow complex changes in surface shape and thus the creation of active surface texture. In this configuration, the “active” polymer film is bonded or coated with a thicker passive layer, such that changes in the polymer thickness during actuation of the DE device are at least partially transferred to (and often amplified by) the passive layer. Although the device gives out-of-plane motion, it can nonetheless be fabricated using two-dimensional patterning. The result is a rugged, flexible, and conformal skin that can be spatially actuated by subjecting patterned electrodes on a polymer substrate to an electric field. Using thickness-mode DE, we have demonstrated thickness changes of the order of 0.5 - 2 mm by laminating a passive elastomeric layer to a DE polymer that is only 60 μm in thickness. Such thickness changes would otherwise require a very large number of stacked layers of the DE film to produce comparable surface deformations. Preliminary pressures of 4.2 kPa (0.6 psi) in a direction normal to the plane of the DE film have been measured. However, theoretical calculations indicate that pressures of the order of 100 kPa are feasible using a single layer of DE film. Stacking multiple layers of DE film can lead to a further increase in achievable actuation pressures. Even with current levels of thickness change and actuation pressures, potential applications of such surface texture change are numerous. A thin, compliant pad made from these actuators can have a massaging or sensory augmentation function, and can be incorporated into garments if desired. The bumps and troughs could act as valves or pumping elements in a fluidic or microfluidic system. Such a device could also be the basis of a smart skin that controls boundary-layer flow properties in a boat or airplane so as to reduce overall drag. The DE elements of the pad can also be used as sensors to make a touch-sensitive skin for recording human interaction with the environment. By driving a thin, compliant vibrating layer at resonant frequencies, one can also configure these devices as solid or fluidic conveyors that transport material on a macroscopic or microscopic scale.
Inhibition of growth of a prolactin and growth hormone-secreting pituitary tumor in rats by D-tryptophan-6 analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. (1985)

The effect of long-term administration of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH) and somatostatin on the growth of the growth hormone (GH)- and prolactin (PRL)-secreting rat pituitary GH3 tumor was investigated. Daily administration of [D-Trp6]LH-RH (50 micrograms/day), early after inoculation of the GH3 tumor, inhibited tumor growth by more than 90% as compared to controls. Similarly, in two experiments, a single once-a-month injection of long-acting [D-Trp6]LH-RH microcapsules (in a dose calculated to release about 25 micrograms/day for 30 days) inhibited the growth of GH3 pituitary tumor by more than 50% 6 or 13 wk after transplantation, when the tumors were fully developed. Serum GH and PRL levels also were reduced markedly by treatment with [D-Trp6]LH-RH. On the other hand, the administration of an antagonistic analog of LH-RH, N-Ac-[D-Phe(4Cl)1,2, D-Trp3, D-Arg6, D-Ala10]LH-RH, did not significantly reduce the growth of this tumor, and the treatment with two different analogs of somatostatin, cyclo(Pro-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe) and D-Phe-Cys-Phe-D-Trp-Lys-Thr-Cys-Thr NH2, appeared to enhance it. These results are in agreement with previous findings of growth inhibition of 7315a pituitary tumors with different hormone-secreting characteristics by agonistic analogs of LH-RH. The collective data from experimental work with rat pituitary tumor models support the contention that the use of [D-Trp6]LH-RH might be considered for the treatment of some patients with pituitary tumors who failed to respond to conventional therapy.
Native code execution control for attack mitigation on android (2013)

Sophisticated malware targeting the Android mobile operating system increasingly utilizes local root exploits. These allow for the escalation of privileges and subsequent automatic, unnoticed, and permanent infection of a target device. Poor vendor patch policy leaves customer devices vulnerable for many months. All current local root exploits are exclusively implemented as native code and can be dynamically downloaded and run by any app. Hence, the lack of control mechanisms for the execution of native code poses a major threat to the security of Android devices. In this paper, we present different approaches to prevent local root exploits by means of gradually controlling native code execution. The proposed alterations to the Android operating system protect against all current local root exploits, while limiting the user experience as little as possible. Thus, the approaches we present help to avert automatic privilege escalation and to reduce exploitability and malware infection of Android devices.