gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Back Cover: pH‐Cleavable Nucleoside Lipids: A New Paradigm for Controlling the Stability of Lipid‐Based Delivery Systems (ChemMedChem 11/2015) (2015)

The back cover picture shows Orthoester Nucleoside Lipids (ONLs) allowing the formation of pH-cleavable liposomes. These hybrid nucleolipids can be hydrolyzed at a biologically relevant pH to provide nontoxic nucleoside derivatives and hexadecanol. When ONLs are mixed with natural phosphocholine lipids, the liposomes evolve towards the formation of lamellar systems. Stable Nucleic Acid Lipid Particles (SNALPs) formulated with siRNAs and ONLs were able to release their nucleic acid payload in response to an intracellular acidic environment. More details can be found in the Communication by Philippe Barthélémy et al. on page 1797 in Issue 11, 2015 (DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201500381).
Large-Scale Optical Neural-Network Accelerators based on Coherent Detection (2019)

We present a coherent optical neural-network accelerator based on homodyne detection that is scalable to large $(N > 1000)$ networks, and analyze the fundamental quantum limits to its energy efficiency. © 2019 The Author(s)
Composite structures for the enhancement of nonlinear optical materials (1988)

Calculations of the nonlinear optical behavior are developed for model composites consisting of nanospheres with a metallic core and a nonlinear shell suspended in a nonlinear medium. The concept for the enhancement of optical phase conjugation from all these nonlinear regions is that the optical field can be concentrated both inside and in the neighborhood of the metallic core, aided by surface-mediated plasmon resonance. Calculations for gold cores and aluminum cores indicate that phase-conjugate reflectivity enhancements of 10(8) may be possible.
Targeting the DNA Repair Endonuclease ERCC1-XPF with Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-3-Gallate (EGCG) and Its Prodrug to Enhance Cisplatin Efficacy in Human Cancer Cells (2018)

The 5'-3' structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1/XPF (Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 1/Xeroderma Pigmentosum group F) plays critical roles in the repair of cisplatin-induced DNA damage. As such, it has been identified as a potential pharmacological target for enhancing clinical response to platinum-based chemotherapy. The goal of this study was to follow up on our previous identification of the compound NSC143099 as a potent inhibitor of ERCC1/XPF activity by performing an in silico screen to identify structural analogues that could inhibit ERCC1/XPF activity in vitro and in vivo. Using a fluorescence-based DNA-endonuclease incision assay, we identified the green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a potent inhibitor of ERCC1/XPF activity with an IC<sub>50</sub> (half maximal inhibitory concentration) in the nanomolar range in biochemical assays. Using DNA repair assays and clonogenic survival assays, we show that EGCG can inhibit DNA repair and enhance cisplatin sensitivity in human cancer cells. Finally, we show that a prodrug of EGCG, Pro-EGCG (EGCG octaacetate), can enhance response to platinum-based chemotherapy in vivo. Together these data support a novel target of EGCG in cancer cells, namely ERCC1/XPF. Our studies also corroborate previous observations that EGCG enhances sensitivity to cisplatin in multiple cancer types. Thus, EGCG or its prodrug makes an ideal candidate for further pharmacological development with the goal of enhancing cisplatin response in human tumors.
Improved Modulation Scheme for Loss Balancing of Three-Level Active NPC Converters (2016)

The three-level neutral point-clamped (NPC) converter has attracted much attention in high-power medium-voltage applications, but it is well-known that the NPC topology suffers from unequal power loss distribution among its semiconductor devices. The power loss unbalance problem becomes especially severe when the converter is operating at low fundamental frequencies. To overcome the loss unbalance problem of the NPC converter, the active NPC (ANPC) technique was introduced. However, it is demonstrated in this paper that in many cases, the conventional modulation method for the ANPC converter only marginally relieves the loss unbalance problem. This paper proposes a new modulation scheme (named the adaptive doubled frequency modulation) for the three-level ANPC converter, which significantly improves the power loss and thermal sharing among the semiconductor devices. The basic idea of the proposed scheme is adaptively adjusting the duty cycles of the switching states for every switching cycle, so as to optimize the power loss distribution. Simulation and experimental results verify this new method.
A new design of zirconia induction furnace for production of high-strength fiber (1986)

A newly designed zirconia induction furnace consisting of two different zirconia tubes, of which the inner one is partially coated with thin silica film, was evaluated in terms of the strength of drawn fibers. The results of 47-km length of the prooftested fibers demonstrated superb performance, producing a high-strength fiber. The average survival length that passed the prooftest level at 200 kpsi is ∼ 8 km. According to scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, there is no indication of zirconia particles deposited on the fiber surface, which is commonly observed in the fibers drawn with the existing single-tube zirconia furnace. In this case, most of the breaks are due to a bubble in the coating.
Effective Collection of Ultrafine Particles with Soft X-Ray Irradiation Under Applied Electric Field and/or Corona Discharge (2003)

Conventional electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) used for exhaust gas treatment equipment and air cleaners have generally been said to have a penetration window in a submicrometer particle size range. Further, recent works have shown that the collection efficiency of particles with a diameter less than about 50 nm decreases due to poor charging by the corona. In this paper, we describe an attempt to use in situ soft X-ray irradiation to enhance the ultrafine particles in the ESP. A laboratory-scale ESP was configured to irradiate particles with soft X-rays. The collection efficiency of the particles was then measured with and without irradiation to examine the enhancement. The results showed a noticeable improvement in the efficiency of ultrafine particles (d p <60 nm) with irradiation. In particular, X-ray irradiation combined with corona discharge was much more effective than irradiation without it. Further, a higher efficiency was obtained with a positive corona than with a negative one.
Toward building green computing environment for reservoir simulation (2013)

In this paper, we analyze the level of power consumption for running large scale hydrocarbonreservoir simulation on high performance clusters (HPC), which may impact the data center design and the overall environment for running massive simulation models. We derive energy consumption from simulation run time and the power needed to keep associated processors running. We then propose a metric that ties reservoir simulation to Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) factor based on energy consumption per-node. This factor works as the efficiency target that can be adjusted to balance execution time and power consumption.
Down-sampling in DCT domain using linear transform with double-sided multiplication for image/video transcoding (2008)

This paper proposes a designing framework for downsampling compressed images/video frames with arbitrary ratio in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. We first derive a set of DCT-domain down-sampling methods which can be represented by a linear transform with double-sided matrix multiplication (LTDS) in the DCT domain, and show that the set contains a wide range of methods with various complexity and visual quality. Then, based on a pre-selected spatial- domain method, we formulate an optimization problem for finding an LTDS to approximate the given spatial domain method for achieving the best trade-off between the visual quality and the complexity. By selecting a spatial-domain reference method with the popular Butterworth lowpass filtering and bicubic interpolation, the proposed framework discovers LTDSs with better visual quality and lower computational complexity as saving 20%~70% execution time when compared with state-of-the-art methods in the literature.
Application dependency discovery using matrix factorization (2012)

Driven by the large-scale growth of applications deployment in data centers and complicated interactions between service components, automated application dependency discovery becomes essential to daily system management and operation. In this paper, we present ADD, which extracts dependency paths for each application by decomposing the application-layer connectivity graph inferred from passive network monitoring data. ADD utilizes a series of statistical techniques and is based on the combination of global observation of application traffic matrix in the data center and local observation of traffic volumes at small time scales on each server. Compared to existing approaches, ADD is especially effective in the presence of overlapping and multi-hop applications and resilient to data loss and estimation errors.
Adversarial Bootstrapping for Dialogue Model Training (2019)

Open domain neural dialogue models, despite their successes, are known to produce responses that lack relevance, diversity, and in many cases coherence. These shortcomings stem from the limited ability of common training objectives to directly express these properties as well as their interplay with training datasets and model architectures. Toward addressing these problems, this paper proposes bootstrapping a dialogue response generator with an adversarially trained discriminator. The method involves training a neural generator in both autoregressive and traditional teacher-forcing modes, with the maximum likelihood loss of the auto-regressive outputs weighted by the score from a metric-based discriminator model. The discriminator input is a mixture of ground truth labels, the teacher-forcing outputs of the generator, and distractors sampled from the dataset, thereby allowing for richer feedback on the autoregressive outputs of the generator. To improve the calibration of the discriminator output, we also bootstrap the discriminator with the matching of the intermediate features of the ground truth and the generator's autoregressive output. We explore different sampling and adversarial policy optimization strategies during training in order to understand how to encourage response diversity without sacrificing relevance. Our experiments shows that adversarial bootstrapping is effective at addressing exposure bias, leading to improvement in response relevance and coherence. The improvement is demonstrated with the state-of-the-art results on the Movie and Ubuntu dialogue datasets with respect to human evaluations and BLUE, ROGUE, and distinct n-gram scores.
Rotary High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle Engine (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper we discuss a rotary implementation of the High Efficiency Hybrid Cycle (HEHC) engine. HEHC is a thermodynamic cycle which borrows elements of Diesel, Otto and Atkinson cycles, characterized by 1) compression of air only (e.g. Diesel), 2) constant volume heat addition (e.g. Otto), and 3) expansion to atmospheric pressure (e.g. Atkinson). The engine consists of a compressor, an isolated combustion chamber, and an expander. Both compressor and expander consist of a simple design with two main parts: a rotor and an oscillating rocker. Compared to conventional internal combustion engines, in which all processes happen within the same space but at different times, in this engine, all processes are occurring simultaneously but in different chambers, allowing for independent optimization of each process. The result is an engine which may offer up to 57% peak efficiency, and above 50% sustained efficiency across typical driving loads.</div>
Daclizumab HYP Versus Interferon Beta-1a in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Primary Results of the DECIDE Study (S4.003) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of daclizumab high-yield process (DAC HYP) versus interferon beta-1a (IFNβ-1a) in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). BACKGROUND: Daclizumab HYP is a humanized monoclonal antibody against CD25 that results in a reversible modulation of interleukin-2 signaling. DESIGN/METHODS: DECIDE was a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study comparing subcutaneous DAC HYP 150mg once every 4 weeks with intramuscular IFNβ-1a 30mcg once weekly for 96 to 144 weeks. The primary endpoint was the annualized relapse rate (ARR). RESULTS: At baseline, patients (N=1841; DAC HYP, n=919; IFNβ-1a, n=922) had a mean (SD) age of 36.3 (9.3), EDSS score of 2.5 (1.2), 21[percnt] had highly active MS, and 41[percnt] had previously used disease-modifying therapy. Treatment with DAC HYP versus IFNβ-1a resulted in a 45[percnt] reduction in the ARR (P<0.0001) and a 41[percnt] reduction in the proportion of patients who relapsed (nominal P<0.0001). For DAC HYP versus IFNβ-1a, there was a 54[percnt] reduction in the number of new/enlarging T2 hyperintense lesions at week 96 (P<0.0001). For DAC HYP versus IFNβ-1a, the risk of 3-month confirmed disability progression was reduced by 16[percnt] (P=0.158). The risk of clinically meaningful worsening in the physical impact of MS (蠅7.5-point worsening on the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale-29 physical subscale) was reduced by 24[percnt] in DAC HYP-treated patients compared with IFNβ-1a-treated patients (nominal P=0.0176). Infections, cutaneous events, and hepatic events were more common in the DAC HYP group than in the IFNβ-1a group. CONCLUSIONS: DAC HYP demonstrated superior efficacy compared with IFNβ-1a across key clinical, radiographic, and patient-reported MS outcome measures in relapsing MS patients. Risks were manageable with appropriate monitoring. Study Supported by: Biogen Idec and AbbVie Biotherapeutics.
Protection against Infection with Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Immunization with Outer Membrane Protein Complex and Purified Pili (1977)

Some of the antigens that are capable of producing strain-related immunity to gonococcal infection in the guinea pig are located on the outer membrane of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. This finding has been demonstrated by immunization of guinea pigs with isolated outer membranes from two different strains of N. gonorrhoeae prior to challenged. Isolated principal outer membrane protein complex proved a better protective immunogen than purified pili from the same strain of N. gonorrhoeae. Principal outer membrane protein appears to react in antibody-complement-mediated killing of gonococci, whereas antibodies to pili are only weakly bactericidal. Pili-mediated attachment of N. gonorrhoeae to human cells is inhibited by antibodies to pili, and maximal inhibition occurs when antibodies are directed at pili antigenically identical to the pili mediating the attachment.
Component of splicing factor SF3b plays a key role in translational control of polyribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum (2019)

One of the morphological hallmarks of terminally differentiated secretory cells is highly proliferated membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but the molecular basis for the high rate of protein biosynthesis in these cells remains poorly documented. An important aspect of ER translational control is the molecular mechanism that supports efficient use of targeted mRNAs in polyribosomes. Here, we identify an enhancement system for ER translation promoted by p180, an integral ER membrane protein we previously reported as an essential factor for the assembly of ER polyribosomes. We provide evidence that association of target mRNAs with p180 is critical for efficient translation, and that SF3b4, an RNA-binding protein in the splicing factor SF3b, functions as a cofactor for p180 at the ER and plays a key role in enhanced translation of secretory proteins. A <i>cis</i>-element in the 5' untranslated region of collagen and fibronectin genes is important to increase translational efficiency in the presence of p180 and SF3b4. These data demonstrate that a unique system comprising a p180-SF3b4-mRNA complex facilitates the selective assembly of polyribosomes on the ER.
Dynamic adaptation in an image transcoding proxy for mobile Web browsing (1998)

Transcoding proxies are used as intermediaries between generic World Wide Web servers and a variety of client devices in order to adapt to the greatly varying bandwidths of different client communication links and to handle the heterogeneity of possibly small-screened client devices. Such transcoding proxies can adaptively adjust the amount by which a data stream is reduced, using an aggressive lossy compression method (e.g., an image becomes less clear, text is summarized). We present an analytical framework for determining whether to transcode and how much to transcode an image for the two cases of store-and-forward transcoding as well as streamed transcoding. These methods require prediction of transcoding delay, prediction of transcoded image size (in bytes), and estimation of network bandwidth. We discuss methods of adaptation based on fixed quality as well as fixed delay (automated/dynamic transcoding). We conclude with a description of the practical adaptation policies that have been implemented in our adaptive image transcoding proxy.
ChemInform Abstract: Combined Tachykinin Receptor Antagonist: Synthesis and Stereochemical Structure—Activity Relationships of Novel Morpholine Analogues. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A high‐resolution add‐on in‐lens attachment for scanning electron microscopes (2001)

A compact add-on objective lens for the scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been designed and tested. The lens is < 35 mm high and can be fitted on to the specimen stage as an easy-to-use attachment. Initial results show that it typically improves the spatial resolution of the SEM by a factor of three. The add-on unit is based upon a permanent magnet immersion lens design. Apart from the extra attachment to the specimen stage, the SEM with the add-on lens functions in the normal way. The in-lens unit can comfortably accommodate specimen heights up to 10 mm. The new add-on lens unit opens up the possibility of operating existing SEMs in the high-resolution in-lens mode. By using a deflector at the top of the add-on lens unit, it can also operate as a quantitative multichannel voltage contrast spectrometer, capable of recording the energy spectrum of the emitted secondary electrons. Initial experiments confirm that a significant amount of voltage contrast can be obtained.
An efficient chemical method for removing N-terminal extra methionine from recombinant methionylated human growth hormone (1998)

Conversion of recombinant methionylated human growth hormone (Met-hGH) into its non-methionylated form (hGH) has been successfully achieved by a chemical process, which consists of a transamination reaction and phenylene-1,2-diamine treatment.
Pattern Discovery and Anomaly Detection via Knowledge Graph (2018)

In this paper, we developed a pattern discovery and anomaly detection system using a knowledge graph constructed by integrating data from heterogeneous sources. Specifically, the knowledge graph is constructed based on data extracted from structured and unstructured sources. Besides the extracted entities and relations, the knowledge graph finds hidden relations via link prediction algorithms. Based on the constructed knowledge graph, the normalcy model for entity, action, and triplets are established. The information of the incoming streaming data is extracted and compared to the normalcy model in order to detect abnormal behaviors. In addition, we apply the lambda framework to enable a computationally scalable algorithm for pattern discovery and anomaly detection in a big data environment. Real time tweets data are used for evaluation and preliminary results show promising performance in detecting abnormal pattern and activities.
Cascaded displays (2014)

We demonstrate that layered spatial light modulators (SLMs), subject to fixed lateral displacements and refreshed at staggered intervals, can synthesize images with greater spatiotemporal resolution than that afforded by any single SLM used in their construction. Dubbed cascaded displays , such architectures enable superresolution flat panel displays (e.g., using thin stacks of liquid crystal displays (LCDs)) and digital projectors (e.g., relaying the image of one SLM onto another). We introduce a comprehensive optimization framework, leveraging non-negative matrix and tensor factorization, that decomposes target images and videos into multi-layered, time-multiplexed attenuation patterns---offering a flexible trade-off between apparent image brightness, spatial resolution, and refresh rate. Through this analysis, we develop a real-time dual-layer factorization method that quadruples spatial resolution and doubles refresh rate. Compared to prior superresolution displays, cascaded displays place fewer restrictions on the hardware, offering thin designs without moving parts or the necessity of temporal multiplexing. Furthermore, cascaded displays are the first use of multi-layer displays to increase apparent temporal resolution. We validate these concepts using two custom-built prototypes: a dual-layer LCD and a dual-modulation liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS) projector, with the former emphasizing head-mounted display (HMD) applications.
The katE gene, which encodes the catalase HPII of <i>Mycobacterium avium</i> (1996)

Disseminated Mycobacterium avium-Mycobacterium intracellulare disease is a prevalent opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). These pathogens are generally resistant to isoniazid (INH), a powerful antituberculosis drug. It is now generally accepted that the INH susceptibility of Mycobacterium tuberculosis results from the transformation of the drug into a toxic derivative, as a result of the action of the enzyme catalase-peroxidase (HPI), encoded by the katG gene. It has been speculated that the presence of a second catalase (HPII) in some mycobacterial species, but lacking in M. tuberculosis, may impair the action of INH. In this report, the nucleotide sequence of the M. avium katE gene, encoding catalase HPII, is described. This enzyme shows strong similarity to Escherichia coli catalase HPII and eukaryotic catalases. All amino acids previously postulated as participating directly in catalysis by liver catalase and most of the amino acids binding the prosthetic group are conserved in M. avium catalase HPII. The enzyme is expressed in E. coli and is inhibited by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (AT). Furthermore, Southern blot hybridizations and polymerase chain reaction experiments demonstrate the distribution of katE gene in several mycobacterial species. To evaluate the potentially antagonistic effect of HPII catalase on INH susceptibility, the katE gene was transformed into M. tuberculosis H37Rv and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for INH was determined. Despite strong expression of the katE gene, no change in MIC was observed, thus ruling out a possible contribution of this enzyme to the natural resistance of M. avium to the drug. The availability of the gene probe, encoding the second mycobacterial catalase HPII, should open the way for the development of new drugs and diagnostic tests to combat drug-resistant pathogen strains.