gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Critical Analysis of Flow-Compensated Hydrostatic Single Rod Actuators: Simulation Study (2020)

It is well established that the differential cylinder area in pump-controlled single-rod actuators creates the need of correctly switching the connections between the main circuit lines and a charge circuit, in order to provide means for equalising the flows into and out of the pump and the actuator. Many attempts to automatically switch the charge circuit connections to either cap- and rod-sides of the hydraulic cylinder have been made through the years. However, in many of these attempts, strong oscillations in the cylinder motion were observed when operational quadrants were changed under some particular velocity and force conditions. In this paper, we perform a thorough numerical analysis for some representative pump-controlled single-rod actuators. The goal is to understand the causes of undesirable behaviour of several circuits under certain operating situations. We show through comprehensive simulations that all but one circuit design produces undesirable oscillatory results under these circumstances. This paper is built upon and complements a previously published paper by the same authors on this important subject.
A Component-Based Approach to Hand Verification (2007)

This paper describes a novel hand-based verification system based on palm-finger segmentation and fusion. The proposed system operates on 2D hand images acquired by placing the hand on a planar lighting table without any guidance pegs. The segmentation of the palm and the fingers is performed without requiring the extraction of any landmark points on the hand. First, the hand is segmented from the forearm using a robust, iterative methodology based on morphological operators. Then, the hand is segmented into six regions corresponding to the palm and the fingers using morphological operators again. The geometry of each component of the hand is represented using high order Zernike moments which are computed using an efficient methodology. Finally, verification is performed by fusing information from different parts of the hand. The proposed system has been evaluated on a database of 101 subjects illustrating high accuracy and robustness. Comparisons with competitive approaches that use the whole hand illustrate the superiority of the proposed, component-based, approach both in terms of accuracy and robustness. Qualitative comparisons with state of the art systems illustrate that the proposed system has comparable or better performance.
Ethanol production from cellulosic materials using cellulase‐expressing yeast (2010)

We demonstrate direct ethanol fermentation from amorphous cellulose using cellulase-co-expressing yeast. Endoglucanases (EG) and cellobiohydrolases (CBH) from Trichoderma reesei, and beta-glucosidases (BGL) from Aspergillus aculeatus were integrated into genomes of the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT8-1. BGL was displayed on the yeast cell surface and both EG and CBH were secreted or displayed on the cell surface. All enzymes were successfully expressed on the cell surface or in culture supernatants in their active forms, and cellulose degradation was increased 3- to 5-fold by co-expressing EG and CBH. Direct ethanol fermentation from 10 g/L phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) was also carried out using EG-, CBH-, and BGL-co-expressing yeast. The ethanol yield was 2.1 g/L for EG-, CBH-, and BGL-displaying yeast, which was higher than that of EG- and CBH-secreting yeast (1.6 g/L ethanol). Our results show that cell surface display is more suitable for direct ethanol fermentation from cellulose.
Impact of hepatic and renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics and tolerability of eliglustat therapy for Gaucher disease type 1 (2019)

Eliglustat is a first-line oral therapy for adults with Gaucher disease type 1 (GD1) who have extensive (EM), intermediate (IM), or poor (PM) CYP2D6 metabolizer phenotypes. It was initially not recommended in GD1 patients with hepatic or renal impairment due to insufficient data. Two Phase 1 studies (NCT02536937/NCT02536911) evaluated the effects of hepatic and renal impairment on pharmacokinetics and tolerability following a single 84-mg dose of eliglustat. Compared to matched healthy EM subjects (n = 7 for both studies), geometric means for eliglustat maximum concentration (C<sub>max</sub>) and area under the plasma concentration versus time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUC) were not substantially different in EMs with mild hepatic impairment (n = 6), higher in EMs with moderate hepatic impairment (n = 7), and similar in EMs with severe renal impairment (n = 7). Higher exposures of eliglustat at steady-state were predicted using a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model in EMs with mild or moderate hepatic impairment compared with normal hepatic function after repeated 84-mg eliglustat doses. Higher exposures of eliglustat were also predicted in EMs with mild hepatic impairment after coadministration with a CYP2D6 or CYP3A inhibitor with repeated doses. Based on these results, the eliglustat drug label was revised for patients with hepatic or renal impairment.
Think Globally, Act Locally: A Deep Neural Network Approach to\n High-Dimensional Time Series Forecasting (2019)

Forecasting high-dimensional time series plays a crucial role in many\napplications such as demand forecasting and financial predictions. Modern\ndatasets can have millions of correlated time-series that evolve together, i.e\nthey are extremely high dimensional (one dimension for each individual\ntime-series). There is a need for exploiting global patterns and coupling them\nwith local calibration for better prediction. However, most recent deep\nlearning approaches in the literature are one-dimensional, i.e, even though\nthey are trained on the whole dataset, during prediction, the future forecast\nfor a single dimension mainly depends on past values from the same dimension.\nIn this paper, we seek to correct this deficiency and propose DeepGLO, a deep\nforecasting model which thinks globally and acts locally. In particular,\nDeepGLO is a hybrid model that combines a global matrix factorization model\nregularized by a temporal convolution network, along with another temporal\nnetwork that can capture local properties of each time-series and associated\ncovariates. Our model can be trained effectively on high-dimensional but\ndiverse time series, where different time series can have vastly different\nscales, without a priori normalization or rescaling. Empirical results\ndemonstrate that DeepGLO can outperform state-of-the-art approaches; for\nexample, we see more than 25% improvement in WAPE over other methods on a\npublic dataset that contains more than 100K-dimensional time series.\n
Production and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Ha- <i>ras</i> and N- <i>ras</i> p21 (1991)

The mammalian ras family consists of the Ha, Ki and N-ras genes that encode a series of 21,000 dalton proteins (p21). The three ras proteins participate in normal cell physiology and have been implicated in cellular transformation by either overexpression of the normal p21 or by mutation at positions 12, 13, or 61. To help understand the biological roles of the different ras proteins, we have generated monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) to the Ha-ras and N-ras p21. Mab Ha-770, raised to a Ha-specific synthetic peptide, reacts with Ha-ras recombinant p21 (r-p21) as well as cellular Ha-ras p21 by immunoprecipitation. Western blot and sandwich ELISA assays. Mab N-838, raised to an N-ras specific synthetic peptide, reacts with the N-ras recombinant p21 by immunoprecipitation, Western blot and sandwich ELISA assays. Mabs to the Ha-ras and N-ras p21 should be valuable reagents in assessing the individual roles of ras proteins in normal and neoplastic cells.
The immune marker soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is associated with new‐onset diabetes in non‐smoking women and men (2011)

In these explorative analyses, the soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor associated independently with incident diabetes in non-smokers, supporting an immune origin of Type 2 diabetes. Competing disease risk may explain lack of association among smokers.
Dynamic MLC tracking of moving targets with a single kV imager for 3D conformal and IMRT treatments (2010)

Single kV imager DMLC tracking, which is fully compatible with IMRT, was demonstrated for static fields. The mean tracking error was sub-2 mm for most tumor trajectories with respiratory motions and sub-1 mm for most prostate trajectories.
Multi-Scale Coarse-to-Fine Segmentation for Screening Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2018)

We propose an intuitive approach of detecting pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common type of pancreatic cancer, by checking abdominal CT scans. Our idea is named multi-scale segmentation-for-classification, which classifies volumes by checking if at least a sufficient number of voxels is segmented as tumors, by which we can provide radiologists with tumor locations. In order to deal with tumors with different scales, we train and test our volumetric segmentation networks with multi-scale inputs in a coarse-to-fine flowchart. A post-processing module is used to filter out outliers and reduce false alarms. We collect a new dataset containing 439 CT scans, in which 136 cases were diagnosed with PDAC and 303 cases are normal, which is the largest set for PDAC tumors to the best of our knowledge. To offer the best trade-off between sensitivity and specificity, our proposed framework reports a sensitivity of 94.1% at a specificity of 98.5%, which demonstrates the potential to make a clinical impact.
Development of a new model based air-fuel ratio control system (2009)

The second-generation air-fuel ratio control method has been developed to reduce exhaust gas emissions in accordance with the improvements in catalysts. The control system consists of a feedforward control using a fuel behavior model, a feedback control using an universal exhaust gas oxygen (UEGO) sensor and a feedback control utilizing the heated exhaust gas oxygen (HEGO) sensor. Experimental results on actual vehicles show the effectiveness of presented method.
Diagnostics of human gas cavities with diode laser absorption spectroscopy (2010)

Noninvasive sensing of gas in human cavities with diode laser absorption spectroscopy is possible although the light is heavily absorbed and scattered by the tissue. We present data from the human paranasal sinuses and mastoid bone as well as monitoring of gas in lung tissue.
Development and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies to Subgroup J Avian Leukosis Virus (2001)

In an attempt to develop a specific diagnostic test for avian leukosis virus (ALV) subgroup J (ALV-J) strain Hc1, four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), JE9, G2, 145, and J47, were generated that are specific for ALV-J envelope glycoprotein, gp85. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify genomic pro-viral DNA of Avian Disease and Oncology Laboratory (ADOL)-Hc1 and ADOL-4817 envelope genes. Both open reading frames encoding glycoproteins gp85 and gp37 were cloned into baculoviruses. Abundant expression of gp85 and gp37 was detected in the recombinant viruses with specific antibody to Hc1 strain of the ALV-J. The expressed proteins were used for immunization of mice to produce hybridoma cell lines secreting MAbs specific to ALV-J envelope protein. A panel of MAbs was generated by fusing NS1 myeloma cells and spleen cells from mice immunized with the recombinant baculoviruses. With the use of an immunofluorescence assay, three MAbs (JE9, G2, 145) reacted with ALV-J but not with subgroups A, B, C, D, or E of ALV. MAb J47 reacted with all exogenous subgroups of ALV including A, B, C, D, and J but not with endogenous subgroup E viruses. Western blot analysis was performed with all four MAbs against recombinant baculovirus and Hc1-infected chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) lysates. A major band with a molecular weight about 90 kD corresponding to the size of ALV-J envelope was consistently obtained. With these MAbs, we detected the Hc1 antigen in CEFs infected with several ALV-J viruses isolated in the United States and also in tissue sections from chickens infected with Hc1 strain of ALV-J. These MAbs will be useful reagents for the diagnosis of ALV-J infection because they recognize a common antigenic epitope in six isolates tested thus far.
A Solid Sulfur Cathode for Aqueous Batteries (1993)

Because of its high resistivity and subsequent low electroactivity, sulfur is not normally considered a room-temperature battery cathode. An elemental sulfur cathode has been made with a measured capacity of over 900 ampere.hours per kilogram, more than 90 percent of the theoretical storage capacity of solid sulfur at room temperature, accessed by means of a lightweight, highly conductive, aqueous polysulfide interface through the electrocatalyzed reaction S + H(2)O + 2e(-) --> HS(-) + OH(-). This solid sulfur cathode was first used in a battery with an aluminum anode for an overall discharge reaction 2Al + 3S + 3OH(-) + 3H(2)O --> 2Al(OH)(3) + 3HS(-), giving a cell potential of 1.3 volts. The theoretical specific energy of the aluminum-sulfur battery (based on potassium salts) is 910 watt.hours per kilogram with an experimental specific energy of up to 220 watt.hours per kilogram.
Switch-free read operation design and measurement of magnetic tunnel junction magnetic random access memory arrays (2001)

A switch-free read operation design and cell measurement method for magnetic tunnel junction magnetic random access memory arrays with a peripheral circuitry is presented. The design effectively reduces the shunting effect and maintains the signal at the original level even for the cases when the lead resistance cannot be neglected. It also allowed us to measure the magnetoresistance curve of each cell independently without the need of a transistor or a diode. Both simulation and experiments showed that this method is useful in the readout operation of the tunnel junction magnetic random access memory as well as in the characterization of its individual cells.
Self-Interference Aided Channel Estimation in Two-Way Relaying Systems (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel channel estimation scheme for the broadcast phase of the newly invented two- way relaying technique. Instead of using pilot sequences, we exploit the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">self-interference</i> , which contains the data known at the receivers, to get a first estimate of the channel. Then a decision- directed iterative estimation process is started to improve the accuracy of the channel estimates. We consider a block fading channel model. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme has similar performance as pilot-aided channel estimation schemes in our simulation environment. Since pilot sequences are no longer needed in our proposed scheme, higher spectrum efficiency is achieved without performance loss.
Novel Inhibitors for a Novel Binding Site in Respiratory Complex III (2016)

A new binding site and potential novel inhibitors of the respiratory complex III are described. The site is located at the opposite side of the enzyme with respect to ubiquinol binding site (Qo site), and distinctly different from both Qo and Qi sites (hence designated as Non-Q binding site, NQ). NQ site binding pocket extends up close to Phe90 residue, an internal switch (LH switch) that regulates electron transfer between heme bL and heme bH of the low potential redox chain. Docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations of different molecules to the NQ site revealed potential ligands which exhibit a novel inhibitory effect for bc1 complex by switching the LH switch to "off" conformation, thereby shutting down electron transfer in the low potential redox chain. Moreover, the novel inhibitors have lower binding affinity for both Qo and Qi sites, and hence do not interfere with binding of the natural ligands to those sites. The inhibitory activity of those novel ligands in bc1 complex is suggested to promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at the Qo site. Hence those ligands are potential candidates for designing new "mitocan" drugs.
Scanning Mode Shock Position Sensor Invented and Demonstrated (1999)

A flow-visualizing system with a scanning optical beam offers greater advantages than the conventional approaches. In addition to a higher signal-to-noise ratio and lower source power, the scanning permits visualization of weak phenomena such as the scattering and diffraction of light on shocks. Scanning beam flow-visualization techniques were evaluated at the NASA Lewis Research Center for shock position sensing. In an effort to eliminate moving parts, a spectral scanning technique was invented and demonstrated.
Improved solar heating systems (1980)

An improved solar heating system is described in which the incident radiation of the sun is absorbed on collector panels, transferred to a storage unit and then distributed as heat for a building and the like. The improvement is obtained by utilizing a storage unit comprising separate compartments containing an array of materials having different melting points ranging from 75 to 180/sup 0/F. The materials in the storage system are melted in accordance with the amount of heat absorbed from the sun and then transferred to the storage system. An efficient low volume storage system is provided by utilizing the latent heat of fusion of the materials as they change states in storing ad releasing heat for distribution.
Methodology and Model to Determine Key Process Parameters for Tailor Welded Blank Forming (2003)

Tailor Welded Blanks (TWBs) offer several notable benefits compared to traditional sheet metal parts including decreased part weight, reduced manufacturing costs, increased environmental friendliness, and improved dimensional consistency. In order to take advantage of these benefits, however, designers must overcome formability concerns related to stamping TWBs and be able to accurately predict unique characteristics related to the forming of this blank type. In this research, an analytical model using a 2D cross-sectional approach was devised and implemented to predict the weld line movement and forming height for a uniform binder force TWB application. The inputs into the analytical model are the desired strain at the weld line location, the geometry of the 2D cross-section, material properties, and the frictional condition. From this information, the model predicts the stress and strain at several key locations on the 2D cross-section as well as the movement of the material in the binder area and in the formed walls.
Ductile Binder Phase For Use With Almgb14 And Other Hard Ceramic Materials (2005)

This invention relates to a ductile binder phase for use with AlMgB14 and other hard materials. The ductile binder phase, a cobalt-manganese alloy, is used in appropriate quantities to tailor good hardness and reasonable fracture toughness for hard materials so they can be used suitably in industrial machining and grinding applications.
High-resolution X-ray phase-contrast imaging with a grating interferometer (2017)

High-resolution X-ray imaging is a promising technique for studies of biological structures on a micron-scale. Conventional X-ray imaging is limited by its poor soft tissue contrast. X-ray phasecontrast imaging has the potential to significantly improve the biological contrast in terms of the refractive index variation. In this paper, we analyze an X-ray grating interferometer we set up with a micro-focus X-ray source and a flat panel detector. The system utilizes the geometric magnification for high-resolution imaging. After our initial calibration, the visibility function reaches about 10%. The experiments demonstrate that the spatial resolution of the system is about 10 μm, which helps reveal features invisible with X-ray attenuation-based imaging.
Advanced deep reactive‐ion etching technology for hollow microneedles for transdermal blood sampling and drug delivery (2013)

Using an SPTS Technologies Ltd. Pegasus deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) system, an advanced two-step etching process has been developed for hollow microneedles in applications of transdermal blood sampling and drug delivery. Because of the different etching requirements of both narrow deep hollow and large open cavity, hollow etch and cavity etch steps have been achieved separately. This novel two-step etching process is assisted with a bi-layer etching mask. Results show that the etch rate of silicon during this hollow etch step was about 7.5 microm/min and the etch rate of silicon during this cavity etch step was about 8-10 microm/min, using the coil plasma etching power between 2.0 and 2.8 kW. Especially for the microneedle bores etch, the deeper it etched, the slower the etch rate was. The microneedle bores have successfully been obtained 75-150 microm in inner diametre and 700-1000 microm long with high aspect ratio DRIE, meanwhile, the vertical sidewall structures have been achieved with the high etch load exposed area over 70% for the cavity etch step.
The <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> Siderophore Biosynthetic Gene <i>sidA</i> , Encoding <scp>l</scp> -Ornithine <i>N</i> <sup>5</sup> -Oxygenase, Is Required for Virulence (2005)

Aspergillus fumigatus is the leading cause of invasive mold infection and is a serious problem in immunocompromised populations worldwide. We have previously shown that survival of A. fumigatus in serum may be related to secretion of siderophores. In this study, we identified and characterized the sidA gene of A. fumigatus, which encodes l-ornithine N(5)-oxygenase, the first committed step in hydroxamate siderophore biosynthesis. A. fumigatus sidA codes for a protein of 501 amino acids with significant homology to other fungal l-ornithine N(5)-oxygenases. A stable DeltasidA strain was created by deletion of A. fumigatus sidA. This strain was unable to synthesize the siderophores N',N",N'''-triacetylfusarinine C (TAF) and ferricrocin. Growth of the DeltasidA strain was the same as that of the wild type in rich media; however, the DeltasidA strain was unable to grow in low-iron defined media or media containing 10% human serum unless supplemented with TAF or ferricrocin. No significant differences in ferric reduction activities were observed between the parental strain and the DeltasidA strain, indicating that blocking siderophore secretion did not result in upregulation of this pathway. Unlike the parental strain, the DeltasidA strain was unable to remove iron from human transferrin. A rescued strain (DeltasidA + sidA) was constructed; it produced siderophores and had the same growth as the wild type on iron-limited media. Unlike the wild-type and rescued strains, the DeltasidA strain was avirulent in a mouse model of invasive aspergillosis, indicating that sidA is necessary for A. fumigatus virulence.