gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly of micro/nanomaterials into complex, three-dimensional architectures by compressive buckling (2015)

Complex three-dimensional (3D) structures in biology (e.g., cytoskeletal webs, neural circuits, and vasculature networks) form naturally to provide essential functions in even the most basic forms of life. Compelling opportunities exist for analogous 3D architectures in human-made devices, but design options are constrained by existing capabilities in materials growth and assembly. We report routes to previously inaccessible classes of 3D constructs in advanced materials, including device-grade silicon. The schemes involve geometric transformation of 2D micro/nanostructures into extended 3D layouts by compressive buckling. Demonstrations include experimental and theoretical studies of more than 40 representative geometries, from single and multiple helices, toroids, and conical spirals to structures that resemble spherical baskets, cuboid cages, starbursts, flowers, scaffolds, fences, and frameworks, each with single- and/or multiple-level configurations.
STING-Activating Adjuvants Elicit a Th17 Immune Response and Protect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection (2018)

There are a limited number of adjuvants that elicit effective cell-based immunity required for protection against intracellular bacterial pathogens. Here, we report that STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) formulated in a protein subunit vaccine elicit long-lasting protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the mouse model. Subcutaneous administration of this vaccine provides equivalent protection to that of the live attenuated vaccine strain Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG). Protection is STING dependent but type I IFN independent and correlates with an increased frequency of a recently described subset of CXCR3-expressing T cells that localize to the lung parenchyma. Intranasal delivery results in superior protection compared with BCG, significantly boosts BCG-based immunity, and elicits both Th1 and Th17 immune responses, the latter of which correlates with enhanced protection. Thus, a CDN-adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine has the capability of eliciting a multi-faceted immune response that results in protection from infection by an intracellular pathogen.
Generation and profiling of fully human therapeutic antibodies against CD38 for the treatment of multiple myeloma (2005)

6590 CD38 appears on lineage-committed progenitors of lymphoid, erythroid and myeloid cells, while the most primitive pluripotent stem cells of the hematopoietic system are CD38-negative. CD38-expression is also found on plasma cells and activated B- and T-cells. CD38-upregulation was detected on various cell-lines derived from B, T, and myeloid/monocytic tumors. Especially for the indication of multiple myeloma (MM), which remains an incurable malignancy with a median survival of 3–4 years, a strong expression has been reported in the majority of patient samples. Hence, over-expressed CD38 on malignant cells may provide an attractive therapeutic target for immunotherapy. CD38-specific human antibodies were selected from MorphoSys” proprietary HuCAL GOLD phage display library by cell panning strategies. Three antibodies recognizing different epitopes on CD38 were characterized in vitro in detail as follows: All affinities for CD38 were in the low nanomolar range with dissociation constants between 0.5 and 6.3 nM for bivalent IgG1 and between 2.4 and 56.0 nM for monovalent Fab fragments. IHC profiles with healthy and malignant tissue from MM-patients show that the antibodies were highly specific for human CD38 and correlated well with the tumor infiltration rates. Additionally, one candidate cross-reacted with non-human primate’s CD38. The human IgGs were able to kill efficiently CD38-expressing cell-lines and primary MM cells from patients by ADCC and CDC in a concentration dependent manner. EC50-values of the different antibodies in ADCC and CDC range from 40 pM to 280 pM and from 410 pM to 13.6 nM, respectively, demonstrating a similar or superior activity over the reference antibody OKT10, which is currently in phase I as immunotoxin-conjugate. Most importantly, early progenitor cells were not affected in ADCC as demonstrated by a clonogenic assay. Finally, one candidate was selected for in vivo efficacy profiling using the MM cell-line RPMI8226 in a SCID-mouse xenograft model. After the tumor became visible, the human IgG1 antibodies were given every other day over a period of 32 days at two different concentrations resulting in a significantly reduced tumor growth at 1 mg/kg and an even stronger effect at 5 mg/kg. In conclusion, CD38 appears to be a bona-fide target for immunotherapy of multiple myeloma with HuCAL anti-CD38 antibodies. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Near Real Time Confocal Microscopy of Cultured Amelanotic Cells: Sources of Signal, Contrast Agents and Limits of Contrast (1998)

The use of high resolution, in vivo confocal imaging for noninvasive assessment of tissue pathology may offer a clinically important adjunct to standard histopathological techniques. To augment the present understanding of both the capabilities and limitations of in vivo confocal imaging, we investigated cellular sources of image contrast in amelanotic tissues, how contrast can be enhanced with external agents and how contrast is degraded by the scattering of overlying cells. A high-resolution reflected light confocal microscope was constructed and used to obtain images of various types of unstained amelanotic cells in suspension in real time before and after the addition of contrast agents. Reflectance images were compared to phase contrast images and electron micrographs to identify morphology visible with real time reflected light confocal microscopy. Mechanisms which decrease image contrast, including interference effects and scattering in overlying layers of cells, were considered. In amelanotic epithelial cells, fluctuations in the nuclear index of refraction provide signal which can be imaged even under several overlying cell layers. Acetic acid is an external contrast agent which can enhance this nuclear backscattering. Image contrast is degraded by the presence of multiple scattering in overlying cell layers. The degradation of image contrast by cell scattering depends on the scattering phase function; in vitro models which use polystyrene microspheres to approximate tissue underestimate the actual degradation caused by cell scattering. The loss in contrast can be explained using a finite difference time domain model of cellular scattering. We conclude that near real time reflected light confocal microscopy can be used to study cell morphology in vivo. Contrast degradation due to overlying tissue is a concern and cannot adequately be modeled using conventional tissue phantoms; however, acetic acid may be used to substantially increase intrinsic contrast, allowing imaging at significant depths despite distortion from overlying layers. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Quantitative passive soil vapor sampling for VOCs- part 3: field experiments (2014)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are commonly associated with contaminated land and may pose a risk to human health via subsurface vapor intrusion to indoor air. Soil vapor sampling is commonly used to assess the nature and extent of VOC contamination, but can be complicated because of the wide range of geologic material permeability and moisture content conditions that might be encountered, the wide variety of available sampling and analysis methods, and several potential causes of bias and variability, including leaks of atmospheric air, adsorption-desorption interactions, inconsistent sampling protocols and varying levels of experience among sampling personnel. Passive sampling onto adsorbent materials has been available as an alternative to conventional whole-gas sample collection for decades, but relationships between the mass sorbed with time and the soil vapor concentration have not been quantitatively established and the relative merits of various commercially available passive samplers for soil vapor concentration measurement is unknown. This paper presents the results of field experiments using several different passive samplers under a wide range of conditions. The results show that properly designed and deployed quantitative passive soil vapor samplers can be used to measure soil vapor concentrations with accuracy and precision comparable to conventional active soil vapor sampling (relative concentrations within a factor of 2 and RSD comparable to active sampling) where the uptake rate is low enough to minimize starvation and the exposure duration is not excessive for weakly retained compounds.
Determination of zeta potential and <i>p</i>H of zero charge of oxides at high temperatures (1993)

High-temperature zeta potentials of oxides are important in understanding and preventing the deposition of corrosion products, particularly in nuclear power plants. They are also important in separation of minerals from coal/mineral aggregates and sol-gel processing of high-density advanced ceramics at supercritical temperatures. In this paper, a computer-interfaced experimental arrangement for the determination of high-temperature zeta potential via streaming potential measurements is described. Zeta potentials of oxides were calculated from the slopes of streaming potential versus differential pressure plots, avoiding any errors associated with the asymmetry of electrodes. The same measurement technique can be modified to determine the zeta potentials of solid conducting surfaces and coating materials. The oxides show the ability to retain a higher surface charge at high temperatures, presumably due to stronger acid/base dissociation of the surface hydroxyl groups. Consequently, the pH of zero charge of the oxides are shifted to lower values at higher temperatures as reported in the literature, indicating the importance of making these measurements at the desired temperature.
Brief Report: Anti–Carbamylated Protein Antibodies Are Present in Arthralgia Patients and Predict the Development of Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Anti-CarP antibodies are present in patients with arthralgia, and their presence predicts the development of RA independent of anti-CCP-2 antibodies.
The use of low-dose intranasal midazolam to treat panic disorder: a pilot study. (1992)

Intermittent intranasal midazolam shows promise as a novel alternative treatment for panic, but a controlled study of its efficacy and safety (including abuse potential) must be conducted.
Ontogeny of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart (1987)

To elucidate the developmental changes of atrial natriuretic polypeptide in the human heart, we studied alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP)-like immunoreactivity (alpha-hANP-LI) in the extracts from the hearts of three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation, a 1-day-old premature infant of 33 weeks' gestation, and two adults, alpha-hANP-LI levels in the atria of the three foetuses of 10, 14 and 22 weeks' gestation and the premature infant (31.4, 12.2, 9.25 and 15.3 nmol/g, respectively) were comparable to those in two adult atria (16.9 and 13.6 nmol/g). The ventricles also contained alpha-hANP-LI (0.763----0.0818 nmol/g with descending values with increasing gestational age) in the three foetuses and the premature infant although it was undetectable (less than 0.0162 nmol/g) in two adult ventricles. The highest alpha-hANP-LI concentration was observed in the auricles in all the hearts except in the premature infant. The concentration in the right auricle was higher than in the left during foetal life, whereas that in the left was the higher one after birth. High performance gel permeation chromatography coupled with radioimmunoassay revealed that alpha-hANP-LI in the atria and apexes of the foetuses and the premature infant consisted of gamma-hANP, beta-hANP and alpha-hANP, with gamma-hANP being the predominant form. Essentially similar gel filtration patterns were observed in the two adult atria. These results indicate that: ANP appears in human heart tissue early in foetal life; cardiac ventricles also contain ANP in the foetus, and there is probably no difference in posttranslational processing of the precursor molecule in foetal and adult hearts.
A Massive Suspension Culture System With Metabolic Purification for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes (2014)

Cardiac regenerative therapy with human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), such as human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, has been hampered by the lack of efficient strategies for expanding functional cardiomyocytes (CMs) to clinically relevant numbers. The development of the massive suspension culture system (MSCS) has shed light on this critical issue, although it remains unclear how hPSCs could differentiate into functional CMs using a MSCS. The proliferative rate of differentiating hPSCs in the MSCS was equivalent to that in suspension cultures using nonadherent culture dishes, although the MSCS provided more homogeneous embryoid bodies (EBs), eventually reducing apoptosis. However, pluripotent markers such as Oct3/4 and Tra-1-60 were still expressed in EBs 2 weeks after differentiation, even in the MSCS. The remaining undifferentiated stem cells in such cultures could retain a strong potential for teratoma formation, which is the worst scenario for clinical applications of hPSC-derived CMs. The metabolic purification of CMs in glucose-depleted and lactate-enriched medium successfully eliminated the residual undifferentiated stem cells, resulting in a refined hPSC-derived CM population. In colony formation assays, no Tra-1-60-positive colonies appeared after purification. The nonpurified CMs in the MSCS produced teratomas at a rate of 60%. However, purified CMs never induced teratomas, and enriched CMs showed proper electrophysiological properties and calcium transients. Overall, the combination of a MSCS and metabolic selection is a highly effective and practical approach to purify and enrich massive numbers of functional CMs and provides an essential technique for cardiac regenerative therapy with hPSC-derived CMs.
Classification of prostate tissue using neural networks (2003)

This paper presents the development of a method for distinguishing between cancerous and non-cancerous tissue of the prostate based on spectrum analysis of ultrasound radio-frequency echo-signals. The classification of prostate tissue is performed using the neural network technology. At this stage, the image segmentation and feature extraction processes are well established. Hence, we focus here on the method of selection, training and evaluation of a neural network classifier. Results from well-known statistical methods are provided for comparison. Our results demonstrate the viability both of our approach and of this technology when operating on real-world data.
Combining multiple altimeter missions (1997)

Viewing altimeter data only at the points where separate altimeter missions' ground tracks cross provides a method to observe long time period sea surface height (SSH) variations and avoids many of the problems inherent in combining separate altimeter data sets through an independently determined geoid. TOPEX/POSEIDON (T/P) data over the time period from January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1995, form a mean SSH that is used as a reference by other altimeter data sets. A least squares analysis of the mean T/P SSH determines the portion of the Geographically Correlated Orbit Error (GCOE) that may be observed through crossover differences and removes this portion of the GCOE. The analysis removes errors of 0.86 cm RMS at 1 cycle per orbit revolution (cpr) and indicates negligible errors at higher frequencies. After the GCOE removal, the accuracy of the T/P reference mean is better than 1 cm RMS as measured by crossover differences. The GCOE contained in the Geosat‐Exact Repeat Mission (ERM) and ERS 1 data with orbit solutions using the Joint Gravity Model (JGM) 3 is evaluated through an adjustment to the T/P reference mean surface. The Geosat‐ERM data indicate a bias of about 28 cm averaged over the globe, and the ERS 1 bias is 44 cm. The T/P data used here is not corrected for the oscillator drift correction error so that the actual bias is less by about 13 cm. Both the Geosat‐ERM and ERS 1 GCOE are mainly 1 cpr. GCOE estimates at frequencies above 1 cpr indicate little actual orbit error but are more correlated to instrument correction errors (particularly water vapor). Simultaneous T/P and ERS 1 SSH anomalies to the T/P mean indicate good correlation.
Catalysts for hydrogen production by steam reforming of dimethyl ether (DME) (2010)

Dimethyl ether (DME) is expected as one of clean fuels. We have been studying on DME steam reforming for hydrogen production. Copper alumina catalysts prepared by a sol-gel method produced large quantities of H2 with DME steam reforming. The reason was investigated by EDS. Copper and alumina are co-existing on the surface of the catalysts, and DME hydrolysis and methanol steam reforming occur sequentially and efficiently, and so a quick hydrogen production rate is obtained. The catalysts have been developed for practical use. The catalysts have good stability. It found that the Cu-Zn/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by the sol-gel method has the catalyst surface structure that is appropriate for the steam reforming of DME consisting of DME hydrolysis and methanol steam reforming. The further development is still need, but the catalyst has enough capability for practical use.
<i>In vivo</i> Effects of the Human Type I Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor Antibody A12 on Androgen-Dependent and Androgen-Independent Xenograft Human Prostate Tumors (2005)

Our findings suggest that A12 is a therapeutic candidate for both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer. Our findings also suggest an IGF-IR-dependent activity of the androgen receptor in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells.
Genetic Mapping of a Highly Variable Norovirus GII.4 Blockade Epitope: Potential Role in Escape from Human Herd Immunity (2011)

Noroviruses account for 96% of viral gastroenteritis cases worldwide, with GII.4 strains responsible >80% of norovirus outbreaks. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are norovirus binding ligands, and antigenic and preferential HBGA binding profiles vary over time as new GII.4 strains emerge. The capsid P2 subdomain facilitates HBGA binding, contains neutralizing antibody epitopes, and likely evolves in response to herd immunity. To identify amino acids regulating HBGA binding and antigenic differences over time, we created chimeric virus-like particles (VLPs) between the GII.4-1987 and GII.4-2006 strains by exchanging amino acids in putative epitopes and characterized their antigenic and HBGA binding profiles using anti-GII.4-1987 and -2006 mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) and polyclonal sera, 1988 outbreak human sera, and synthetic HBGAs. The exchange of amino acids 393 to 395 between GII.4-1987 and GII.4-2006 resulted in altered synthetic HBGA binding compared to parental strains. Introduction of GII.4-1987 residues 294, 297 to 298, 368, and 372 (epitope A) into GII.4-2006 resulted in reactivity with three anti-GII.4-1987 MAbs and reduced reactivity with four anti-GII.4-2006 MAbs. The three anti-GII.4-1987 MAbs also blocked chimeric VLP-HBGA interaction, while an anti-GII.4-2006 blocking antibody did not, indicating that epitope A amino acids comprise a potential neutralizing epitope for GII.4-1987 and GII.4-2006. We also tested GII.4-1987-immunized mouse polyclonal sera and 1988 outbreak human sera for the ability to block chimeric VLP-HBGA interaction and found that epitope A amino acids contribute significantly to the GII.4-1987 blockade response. Our data provide insights that help explain the emergence of new GII.4 epidemic strains over time, may aid development of norovirus therapeutics, and may help predict the emergence of future epidemic strains.
dc SQUID as a tuned radiofrequency amplifier (1985)

The design criteria for a tuned radiofrequency amplifier based on a dc SQUID are briefly discussed. A practical amplifier involving a planar dc SQUID with a 4-1/4-turn spiral input coil and operated at 4.2K had a gain of 18.6 ± 0.5 dB and a noise temperature of 1.7± 0.5K at 93 MHz. These results are in satisfactory agreement with predicted values.
Water-soluble Porphyrin Easily Derived from Tetraphenylporphyrin: Alkyloxo(methoxo)porphyrinatoantimony Bromides (2008)

Abstract In order to develop water-soluble porphyrins, alkyloxo(methoxo)porphyrinatoantimony bromides (alkyl = decyl, dodecyl, and octadecyl) were prepared. These complexes have more than 200 mg/100 g of solubility in aqueous solution. From the analysis of absorption spectra and surface tension, it was elucidated that the porphyrin complexes are present as aggregates in aqueous solution.
DNA binding of supramolecular mixed-metal complexes (2001)

The high binding affinity of cisplatin toward DNA has led to its popularity as an anticancer agent. Due to cumulative drug resistance and toxic side effects, researchers are exploring related metallodrugs. Our approach involves the use of supramolecular complexes. These mixed-metal complexes incorporate a reactive platinum moiety bridged by a polyazine ligand to a light absorbing metal-based chromophore. The presence of the light absorber allows excitation of these systems, opening up the possibility of photoactivation. The use of a supramolecular design allows components of the assembly to be varied to enhance device function and light absorbing properties. Aspects of our molecular design process and results on the DNA binding properties for a number of these mixed-metal complexes will be discussed.
Non-invasive Predictors of Human Cortical Bone Mechanical Properties: T2-Discriminated 1H NMR Compared with High Resolution X-ray (2011)

Recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have enabled clinical imaging of human cortical bone, providing a potentially powerful new means for assessing bone health with molecular-scale sensitivities unavailable to conventional X-ray-based diagnostics. To this end, (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and high-resolution X-ray signals from human cortical bone samples were correlated with mechanical properties of bone. Results showed that (1)H NMR signals were better predictors of yield stress, peak stress, and pre-yield toughness than were the X-ray derived signals. These (1)H NMR signals can, in principle, be extracted from clinical MRI, thus offering the potential for improved clinical assessment of fracture risk.