gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electric field sensitive optical fibre using piezoelectric polymer coating (1982)

Optical fibres coated with piezoelectric polymers are shown to be sensitive conductorless detectors of electric fields. The phase shift of a fibre coated with a polymer containing PVF2 was found to be 2.3 × 10−5 radians per V/m of electric field per metre of fibre.
A Dual-based Combinatorial Algorithm for Solving Cyclic Optimization Problems (2012)

This paper describes Patent Number U.S. 8,046,316 B2, titled “Cyclic Combinatorial Method and System”, issued by the US Patents and Trademarks Office on October 25, 2011. The patent is based on a combinatorial algorithm to solve cyclic optimization problems. First, the algorithm identifies cyclically distinct solutions of such problems by enumerating cyclically distinct combinations of the basic dual variables. In combinatorial terminology, this stage of the algorithm addresses the following question: given n cyclic objects, how many cyclically distinct combinations of m (m ≤ n) objects can be selected? Integrating the operations of partition and cyclic permutation, a procedure is developed for generating cyclically distinct selections (dual solutions). Subsequently, rules are described for recognizing the set of dominant solutions. Finally, primal-dual complementary slackness relationships are used to find the primal optimum solution. This patent has many potential applications in optimization problems with cyclic 0-1 matrices, such as network problems and cyclic workforce scheduling. The patent’s applicability has been illustrated by efficiently solving several cyclic labor scheduling problems. Keywords: Binary matrices, combinatorial algorithms, cyclic selection, cyclic scheduling, integer programming, optimization, BINARY OPTIMIZATION, CYCLIC OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHM, cyclic selection procedure, Cyclic Combinatorial Method
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of Thiol-Activated Sources of Sulfur Dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) as Antimycobacterial Agents (2011)

Here, 2,4-dinitrophenylsulfonamides with tunable cysteine-activated SO(2) release profiles with half-lives of SO(2) release varying from 2 to 63 min are reported. N-Benzyl-2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (6), which is prepared in one step from commercial sources, had a potency (MIC = 0.15 μM) of inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) higher than the clinical agent isoniazid (MIC = 0.37 μM).
A Series of 2‐((1‐Phenyl‐1H‐imidazol‐5‐yl)methyl)‐1H‐indoles as Indoleamine 2,3‐Dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) Inhibitors (2021)

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is a promising therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy and neurological disease. Thus, searching for highly active inhibitors for use in human cancers is now a focus of widespread research and development efforts. In this study, we report the structure-based design of 2-(5-imidazolyl)indole derivatives, a series of novel IDO1 inhibitors which have been designed and synthesized based on our previous study using N1-substituted 5-indoleimidazoles. Among these, we have identified one with a strong IDO1 inhibitory activity (IC<sub>50</sub> =0.16 μM, EC<sub>50</sub> =0.3 μM). Structural-activity relationship (SAR) and computational docking simulations suggest that a hydroxyl group favorably interacts with a proximal Ser167 residue in Pocket A, improving IDO1 inhibitory potency. The brain penetrance of potent compounds was estimated by calculation of the Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) Score and Brain Exposure Efficiency (BEE) Score. Many compounds had favorable scores and the two most promising compounds were advanced to a pharmacokinetic study which demonstrated that both compounds were brain penetrant. We have thus discovered a flexible scaffold for brain penetrant IDO1 inhibitors, exemplified by several potent, brain penetrant, agents. With this promising scaffold, we provide herein a basis for further development of brain penetrant IDO1 inhibitors.
High power pulsed magnetron sputtering: A method to increase deposition rate (2015)

High power pulsed magnetron sputtering (HPPMS) is a state-of-the-art physical vapor deposition technique with several industrial applications. One of the main disadvantages of this process is its low deposition rate. In this work, the authors report a new magnetic field configuration, which produces deposition rates twice that of conventional magnetron's dipole magnetic field configuration. Three different magnet pack configurations are discussed in this paper, and an optimized magnet pack configuration for HPPMS that leads to a higher deposition rate and nearly full-face target erosion is presented. The discussed magnetic field produced by a specially designed magnet assembly is of the same size as the conventional magnet assembly and requires no external fields. Comparison of deposition rates with different power supplies and the electron trapping efficiency in complex magnetic field arrangements are discussed.
A High-Speed 128-kb MRAM Core for Future Universal Memory Applications (2004)

A 128-kb magnetic random access memory (MRAM) test chip has been fabricated utilizing, for the first time, a 0.18-/spl mu/m V/sub DD/=1.8 V logic process technology with Cu metallization. The presented design uses a 1.4-/spl mu/m/sup 2/ one-transistor/one-magnetic tunnel junction (1T1MTJ) cell and features a symmetrical high-speed sensing architecture using complementary reference cells and configurable load devices. Extrapolations from test chip measurements and circuit assessments predict a 5-ns random array read access time and random write operations with <5-ns write pulse width.
Stabilization of hazardous ash waste with newberyite-rich chemically bonded magnesium phosphate ceramic (1995)

A novel newberyite-rich magnesium-phosphate ceramic, intended for the stabilization of the US Department of Energy`s low-level mixed-waste streams, has been developed by an acid-base reaction between magnesium oxide and a phosphoric acid solution. The reaction slurry, formed at room temperature, sets rapidly and forms a lightweight hard ceramic with low open porosity and a high compression strength of {approx} 6,200 psi. It is a composite of stable mineral phases of newberyite, luenebergite, and residual Mg oxide. Using this matrix, the authors developed superior waste forms for a surrogate ash waste stream. The final waste form is a low-permeability structural-quality ceramic, in which hazardous contaminants are chemically fixed and physically encapsulated. The compression strength of the waste form is an order of magnitude higher than the land disposal requirement, even at high waste loading. The high compression strength is attributed to stronger bonds in the waste form that result from participation of ash waste in the setting reactions. Long-term leaching studies show that the waste form is stable in an aqueous environment. The chemically bonded phosphate ceramic approach in this study may be a simple, inexpensive, and efficient method for fabricating high-performance waste forms either for stabilizing waste streams or for developing value-added construction materials from high-volume benign waste streams.
A novel hardware duo of beam modulation and shielding to reduce scatter acquisition and dose in cone‐beam breast CT (2021)

The disclosed implementation of FM-SS, within a cone-beam breast CT system, results in reduction of scatter-components in acquired projections, reduction of dose deposit to the breast, and relaxation of requirements for the detector's dynamic range. Controlling or correcting for patient motion occurring during image acquisition remains an open problem to be solved prior to practical clinical usage of FM-SS cone-beam breast CT.
Elevated Level of Wnt5a Protein in Localized Prostate Cancer Tissue Is Associated with Better Outcome (2011)

We demonstrate that preserved overexpression of Wnt5a protein in patients with localized prostate cancer predicts a favorable outcome after surgery. This finding together with our in vitro data demonstrating the ability of Wnt5a to impair the invasive properties of prostate cancer cells, suggests a tumor suppressing effect of Wnt5a in localized prostate cancer. These results indicate that Wnt5a can be used as a predictive marker and that it also is a plausible therapeutic target for treatment of localized prostate cancer.
Engineering Brain Parasites for Intracellular Delivery of Therapeutic Proteins (2018)

Protein therapy has the potential to alleviate many neurological diseases; however, delivery mechanisms for the central nervous system (CNS) are limited, and intracellular delivery poses additional hurdles. To address these challenges, we harnessed the protist parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which can migrate into the CNS and secrete proteins into cells. Using a fusion protein approach, we engineered T. gondii to secrete therapeutic proteins for human neurological disorders. We tested two secretion systems, generated fusion proteins that localized to the secretory organelles of T. gondii and assessed their intracellular targeting in various mammalian cells including neurons. We show that T. gondii expressing GRA16 fused to the Rett syndrome protein MeCP2 deliver a fusion protein that mimics the endogenous MeCP2, binding heterochromatic DNA in neurons. This demonstrates the potential of T. gondii as a therapeutic protein vector, which could provide either transient or chronic, in situ synthesis and delivery of intracellular proteins to the CNS.
Molecular characterization of 16p deletions associated with inversion 16 defines the critical fusion for leukemogenesis (1995)

The inversion of chromosome 16 [inv(16)] in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with a p-arm deletion in a subset of patients. The inversion results in two fusion genes: 5'-CBFB/MYH11-3' on 16p and 5'-MYH11/CBFB-3' on 16q. We have studied cells from 42 patients with inv(16) (38 patients) or t(16;16) (four patients) to define the frequency and characteristics of the deletion further. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with probes from cosmids, cosmid contigs, and yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs), we found that six patients with inv(16) had a deletion of between 150 and 350 kb centromeric to the p-arm inversion breakpoint cluster region (p-ibc). This region was shown to contain the 5' portion of the myosin heavy chain (MYH11) gene. YACs containing the p-ibc, which had been useful as FISH probes in the diagnosis of inv(16), detected the inversion in deletion as well as nondeletion patient cells. Thus, the deleted region identified in patients is entirely contained within the human genomic content of the YACs. Southern blot experiments using probes flanking the p-ibc indicated that the deletion removes segments within 10 kb centromeric of the p-ibc. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) using primers from the 5' region of CBFB and the 3' region of MYH11 (distal to the p-ibc) produced the 5'-CBFB/MYH11-3' chimeric transcript in inv(16)/del patients. These data confirm that the 5'-CBFB/MYH11-3' chimeric transcript, rather than the reciprocal 5'-MYH11/CBFB-3', is the critical product for chromosome 16-related leukemogenesis.
RF photonic receiver front-end based on crystalline whispering gallery mode resonators (2009)

We develop a theoretical model for a direct and a coherent RF photonic receiver front-ends based on optical whispering gallery mode resonators. We show that the coherent receiver has much higher sensitivity and wider dynamic range compared with the direct one. We argue, that the coherent photonic receiver is able to have a spurious free dynamic range in excess of 55 dB and sensitivity in excess of -100 dBm in a 5 MHz reception band. We also discuss recent advances in the practical implementation of the receivers by OEwaves Inc. and compare the experimental results with the theoretical predictions.
Evaluation of a modified-live virus vaccine administered in ovo to protect chickens against Newcastle disease (1992)

The B1 strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV-B1), which is nonpathogenic for newly hatched chickens, killed embryos when it was used to inoculate chicken eggs at embryonation day 18. Treatment of NDV-B1 with an alkylating agent, ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) markedly reduced the pathogenicity of the virus for 18-day-old chicken embryos. Eggs inoculated with the modified virus (NDV-B1-EMS) hatched, and the virus was isolated from lungs and spleen of 1-day-old chickens. The hatched chickens developed antibody to NDV and were protected against challenge exposure (at 4 weeks of age) with a highly virulent GB-Texas strain of NDV. Presence of maternal antibody to NDV in embryonating eggs did not influence the protective ability of NDV-B1-EMS, which also induced protective immunity when administered to 4-week-old chickens. The 50% protective dose of NDV-B1-EMS in maternal antibody-negative and -positive embryos was calculated to be 10.77 and 17.70 embryo 50% lethal doses, respectively. Results of the study indicated that NDV-B1-EMS may be used as an embryo vaccine to protect chickens against Newcastle disease.
Dynamic coupling between heart rate and ventricular repolarisation (2007)

A novel model for the coupling between ventricular repolarisation and heart rate (QT/RR) is presented. It is based upon a transfer function (TRF) formalism that describes the static and dynamic properties of this coupling, i.e., the behaviour after a sudden change in heart rate. Different TRF models were analysed by comparing their capability to describe experimental data collected from 19 healthy volunteers using several RR stimulation protocols: (i) rest with deep breathing at 0.1 Hz; (ii) tilt with controlled breathing at 0.1 and 0.33 Hz; and (iii) cycling. A search for the best TRF led to unambiguous identification of a three-parameter model as the most suitable descriptor of QT/RR coupling. Compared with established static models (linear or power-law), our model predictions are substantially closer to the experimental results, with errors approximately 50% smaller. The shape of the frequency and step responses of the TRF presented is essentially the same for all subjects and protocols. Moreover, each TRF may be uniquely identified by three parameters obtained from the step response, which are believed to be of physiological relevance: (i) gain for slow RR variability; (ii) gain for fast RR variability; and (iii) time during which QT attains 90% of its steady-state value. The TRF successfully describes the behaviour of the RR control following an abrupt change in RR interval, and its parameters may offer a tool for detecting pharmacologically induced changes, particularly those leading to increased arrhythmogenic risk.
The Search for New Antitumor Drugs from Blue-Green Algae (1996)

Abstract: Six to ten percent of the extracts of laboratory-cultured blue-green algae are significantly cytotoxic against human tumor cell lines. Structurally-unique cytotoxins have been isolated from most of the active extracts. Of the extracts of >2000 cyanophytes examined to date, approximately 0.8% showed solid tumor selective cytotoxicity in the Corbett assay. The lipophilic extract of Nostoc sp. GSV 224 was by far the most cytotoxic and one of the few extracts that were both solid tumor and tumor selective. Cyclic depsipeptides called cryptophycins were found to be the solid tumor and tumor selective agents. In vivo studies on naturally-occurring cryptophycin-1 and semi-synthetic cryptophycin-8 indicate that these compounds are very active against a broad spectrrum of tumors implanted in mice, including multidrug-resistant tumors, and that a cryptophycin analog may eventually be evaluated in the clinic. Several cytotoxins from terrestrial cyanophytes have•structures that resemble those of some antineoplastic agents from marine invertebrates, suggesting that a more extensive cultivation and screening effort on marine cyanophytes could lead to more discoveries of new antitumor drugs.
Enabling Aloha-NOMA for Massive M2M Communication in IoT Networks (2018)

The Internet of things (IoT), which is the network of physical devices embedded with sensors, actuators, and connec- tivity, is being accelerated into the mainstream by the emergence of 5G wireless networking. This paper presents an uncoordinated non-orthogonal random access protocol, an enhancement to the recently introduced Aloha-NOMA protocol, which provides high throughput, while being matched to the low complexity requirements and the sporadic traffic pattern of IoT devices. Under ideal conditions it has been shown that Aloha-NOMA, using power-domain orthogonality, can significantly increase the throughput using SIC (Successive Interference Cancellation) to enable correct reception of multiple simultaneous transmitted signals. For this ideal performance, the enhanced Aloha-NOMA receiver adaptively learns the number of active devices (which is not known a priori) using a form of multi-hypothesis testing. For small numbers of simultaneous transmissions, it is shown that there can be substantial throughput gain of 6.9 dB relative to pure Aloha for 0.25 probability of transmission and up to 3 active transmitters.
In-Situ Regrowth and Purification by Zone Melting of Organic Single-Crystal Thin Films Yielding Significantly Enhanced Optoelectronic Properties (2000)

Amorphous or polycrystalline films of three organic materials (solvent blue 35 and two porphyrins) have been recrystallized into single-crystal thin films (of micrometer thickness) by a zone-melting technique, in which an electrically heated wire generated a narrow molten zone (0.5−2 mm wide) on the organic layer sandwiched between two pieces of glass or indium−tin oxide-coated glass. When the molten zone was moved slowly (3−120 μm/min) across the layer from one end of the cell to the other, a single-crystal film was produced after a single pass. After this treatment, the steady-state short-circuit photocurrent was improved by several orders of magnitude.
A MAGNETIC-BEAD-BASED IMMUNOASSAY FOR RAPID PURIFICA- TION AND DETECTION OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES UTILIZING SUCTION- TYPE MICROFLUIDIC SYSTEMS (2010)

The study presents a magnetic-bead-based, suction-type microfluidic system for rapid purification and detection of influenza viral particles from clinical serum samples. Target influenza viral particles in the clinical sample can be first captured by the antibody-conjugated magnetic beads, followed by isolating the viral particles from the bio-samples with the incorporation of a permanent magnet and a suction-type microfluidic control module. Then, another specific secondary developing antibodies labeled with fluorescent dyes were employed to recognize the surface antigen of the virusbound magnetic complexes. Finally, the fluorescent-labeled magnetic complexes can be then detected and analyzed by utilizing an optical detection module. The entire process can be performed automatically within in 30 minutes. The development of the integrated microfluidic chip may provide a promising platform for fast diagnosis of influenza infection.
Fabrication of MMMs with improved gas separation properties using externally-functionalized MOF particles (2015)

MOF particles are surface-functionalized to achieve an improved polymer–particle interaction in mixed matrix membranes. Compared to the neat polymer, the membranes have 3 times higher CO<sub>2</sub> permeability with ~25% improvement in CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivity.
8-Azatetracyclines: Synthesis and Evaluation of a Novel Class of Tetracycline Antibacterial Agents (2011)

A novel series of fully synthetic 8-azatetracyclines was prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity. Compounds were identified that overcome both efflux (tet(K)) and ribosomal protection (tet(M)) tetracycline resistance mechanisms and are active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Two compounds were identified that exhibit comparable efficacy to marketed tetracyclines in in vivo models of bacterial infection.
caPeptides: Selectively targeting caPCNA and sensitizing gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer cells (2010)

Abstract caPeptides that block the functions of caPCNA, cancer associated proliferating cell nuclear antigen in malignant cells has been developed by our laboratory and showed promising anti-cancer therapeutic activities. Previously, we have identified caPCNA, an acidic isoform of PCNA that presents in various cancer cells and appears to be associated, at least in part, with malignant transformation of cells. Since PCNA is involved in DNA replication and repair in prokaryote and eukaryote cells, we hypothesize that caPCNA is likely to perform similar functions specifically in cancer cells. Antibodies developed against caPCNA showed the inhibition of DNA replication in cancer cells. The investigation of the interaction of caPCNA with its binding partners including flap structure-specific endonuclease 1(Fen-1) and xeroderma pimentosum complementation group G (XPG) has led us to identify an amino acid domain sequence that confers the cancer cell specificity of caPCNA. We synthesized caPeptides, small caPCNA related peptides derived from this sequence to promote cancer cell cytotoxicity. caPeptides have the potential ability to compete with several cellular proteins that participate in DNA replication, repair, cell cycle control, transcription, and chromosomal recombination for their naturally occurring binding site on caPCNA and block binding of full length caPCNA to these proteins. The disruption of the interaction between caPCNA and its binding proteins prevents cancer cellular functions (vital cellular machinery) that recruit caPCNA and therefore may lead caPeptides to be cytotoxic by themselves or in combination with cancer chemotherapeutic drugs. Our results demonstrated that these peptides were cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells and more significantly they rendered resistant pancreatic cells to be 10-fold more sensitive to gemcitabine, a standard clinical chemotherapeutic agent for treating pancreatic cancer patients. Considering that pancreatic cancer is well known for its high mortality rate due to its chemotherapy ineffectiveness and resistances to gemcitabine our studies render further investigations on the anti-neoplastic action and mechanisms of the peptides in pancreatic cancer.
Centimeter-scale gas-sieving nanoporous single-layer graphene membrane (2020)

High-permeance, molecular-sieving, nanoporous single-layer graphene (NSLG) membranes are highly promising for gas separation. However, the formation of cracks during the transfer of NSLG to a low-cost porous support is difficult to avoid. These cracks are detrimental to gas selectivity, and therefore, make the scale-up of the gas-sieving NSLG membranes challenging. To mitigate the crack formation on low-cost macroporous supports, herein, we demonstrate mechanical reinforcement of the graphene film with a two-layer composite carbon film. The bottom layer of the composite film is a 100-nm-thick block-copolymer film derived nanoporous carbon (NPC) film with a pore size of 20–30 nm. This layer makes an intimate contact with NSLG and prevents generation of crack. However, the NPC film by itself is not robust enough to cover the rough surface of low-cost macroporous supports and tends to generate occasional cracks. This is prevented by spin-coating a 500-nm-thick multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) film, hosting pore size of 200–300 nm, on top of the NPC film. This imparts enough mechanical strength to NSLG/NPC film to be successfully suspended on a low-cost, macroporous, nonwoven metal wire mesh on a centimeter-scale while completely avoiding cracks. As a result, H2/CH4 and H2/CO2 selectivities of 11–23 and 5–8, respectively, higher than the corresponding Knudsen selectivities of 2.8 and 4.7, respectively, are obtained from the centimeter-scale NSLG membranes. The reinforced membranes are mechanically robust and can successfully withstand transmembrane pressure difference of 4 bar. When the MWNT film is directly coated on NSLG without using the intermediate NPC layer, the gas sieving behavior is not observed, likely due to the development of nanoscale cracks. This underlines the crucial role of the hierarchical pore structure in the composite carbon film in realizing the gas-sieving graphene membranes.