gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Frequency Operation of HID Lamps Beyond 100kHz (1986)

The ballasts for discharge lamp are desirable to be small size, light weight and energy saving type for general illumination. In addition, the continuous dimming also will meet a demand of suitable illumination. For the purpose, the ballasts of high frequency operation and also the dimming control of fluorescent lamps have been already developed and been practically used. But the practical high frequency operation of HID lamps for general use has not been virtually realized mainly due to the unstable operation of acoustic resonance phenomenon and the difficulty of noise suppression although HID lamps have been used for many field in favor of high efficacy.The authors have resolved the former problem selecting an operating frequency beyond 100 kHz and then experimentally examined the high frequency operation and its dimming control of HID lamps, for the latter problem presupposing that the conductive glass or plastics, for example, might be adapted for the shield of electromagnetic waves in the future.This paper describes the circuit configuration consisted of HID lamps, here mainly high pressure sodium lamp and MOS-FET push-pull inverter, and experimental results on high frequency operation from 100 kHz to about 400 kHz and its continuos dimming control over the range from 100 percent to about a few percent.
Effect of antidepressant drugs on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity and glucocorticoid receptor function. (2003)

Hyperactivity of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is the main biochemical change, besides disturbed monoaminergic neurotransmission, observed in the patients suffering from a major depression. High incidence of depression in Cushing's syndrome as well as antidepressant effects of adrenocortical enzyme inhibitors in major depression support hypothesis that hyperactivity of HPA axis may be involved in pathogenesis of depression.
Mass spectrometry of proteins and peptides : methods and protocols (2009)

When the last edition of this book was published in 2000, the field of proteomics was in its infancy. Now in its adolescence, proteomics is fundamentally transforming biological and medical research. Much of this transformation can be attributed to technological advancements, particularly in mass spectrometry. As a result of these rapid developments that have led to expanded areas of research and innovative applications, an update to Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides is not only worthwhile, but arguably mandatory. Spanning fields from microbial forensics and clinical applications to protein structure, dynamics and function, the following chapters written by leading experts serve as a forum for presenting some of the latest revolutionizing methods for mass spectrometry-based characterization of proteins and peptides. Staying faithful to the spirit of the Methods in Molecular Biology™ series, all chapters are written in the same format, whereby each chapter opens with a basic description of the method, followed by a description of the protocol and then practical step-by-step instructions to ensure experimental success. Mass Spectrometry of Proteins and Peptides: Methods and Protocols, Second Edition is a valuable resource for novice and seasoned practitioners in the fields of biochemistry, molecular biology, clinical chemistry, immunology, genetic, microbiology and toxicology
Image preprocessing and feature extraction (2012)

This modern treatment of computer vision focuses on learning and inference in probabilistic models as a unifying theme. It shows how to use training data to learn the relationships between the observed image data and the aspects of the world that we wish to estimate, such as the 3D structure or the object class, and how to exploit these relationships to make new inferences about the world from new image data. With minimal prerequisites, the book starts from the basics of probability and model fitting and works up to real examples that the reader can implement and modify to build useful vision systems. Primarily meant for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the detailed methodological presentation will also be useful for practitioners of computer vision.Covers cutting-edge techniques, including graph cuts, machine learning and multiple view geometryA unified approach shows the common basis for solutions of important computer vision problems, such as camera calibration, face recognition and object trackingMore than 70 algorithms are described in sufficient detail to implementMore than 350 full-color illustrations amplify the textThe treatment is self-contained, including all of the background mathematicsAdditional resources at www.computervisionmodels.com
Epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in papillary thyroid carcinoma (2008)

Recent studies have indicated that somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene have been identified in a subset of patients with nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and are associated with sensitivity to the EGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. These mutations have been reported to be almost exclusively found in a pulmonary adenocarcinoma subgroup of NSCLC, with a low frequency in other solid tumors. We describe a patient with advanced-stage papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) whose disease had been diagnosed as pulmonary adenocarcinoma at first, and who had a marked response to the EGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitor, gefitinib. An in-frame deletion in exon 19 that eliminated 4 amino acids at positions 746 through 750, which is one of the common drug-sensitive mutations in pulmonary adenocarcinoma, and a serine-to-proline substitution at codon 752, were found in a tumor specimen of the patient. We subsequently searched for mutations in the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain in primary tumors from 23 patients with PTC, and drug-sensitive mutations commonly observed in pulmonary adenocarcinoma were found in 7 of these patients. Our observation of a high frequency of the EGFR-activating mutations in PTC suggests that the EGFR mutation may be an important event in the development of PTC. EGFR gene amplification, also considered to be a predictor of response to EGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, was evaluated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH); however, only 1 FISH-positive tumor was detected. Our data suggest that EGFR-tyrosine-kinase inhibitors may deserve consideration in the treatment of a subset of patients with PTC, just as with pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Optical coherence elastography – OCT at work in tissue biomechanics [Invited] (2017)

Optical coherence elastography (OCE), as the use of OCT to perform elastography has come to be known, began in 1998, around ten years after the rest of the field of elastography - the use of imaging to deduce mechanical properties of tissues. After a slow start, the maturation of OCT technology in the early to mid 2000s has underpinned a recent acceleration in the field. With more than 20 papers published in 2015, and more than 25 in 2016, OCE is growing fast, but still small compared to the companion fields of cell mechanics research methods, and medical elastography. In this review, we describe the early developments in OCE, and the factors that led to the current acceleration. Much of our attention is on the key recent advances, with a strong emphasis on future prospects, which are exceptionally bright.
Effect of width on the stress-induced bending of micromachined bilayer cantilevers (2002)

In this paper, the effect of cantilever width is demonstrated on the stress-induced bending of micromachined bilayer cantilevers. In previous literature, the bilayer cantilever has been modeled as a two-dimensional structure; consequently, the stress-induced bending of micromachined bilayer cantilever was considered to be independent upon the width. In this study, the fabrication and characterization of various widths of micromachined bilayer cantilever have been performed to observe the out-of-plane deformation caused by residual stresses. A finite element model has been established to analyze such a deformation. With the support of experimental and numerical results, width dependence in the stress-induced bending of micromachined bilayer cantilever has been discussed. As a result, the tip deflection of the bilayer cantilever gradually increases as the width increases until the width-to-length ratio reaches a critical value, in which the micromachined bilayer cantilever can be regarded as an infinitely wide cantilever, and any cross section along the length is in plane strain state. Furthermore, width-independent design, which exists among very wide cantilevers with various widths, has also been reported. Thus a more reliable design can be achieved.
APLIQUES DE ASA DE SITULAE CON DECORACIÓN ANTROPOMORFA PROCEDENTES DE LA VILLA ROMANA DE EL SAUCED0 (TALAVERA LA NUEVA, TOLEDO) (1995)

Revista especializada en la publicación de trabajos originales de investigación en Prehistoria y Arqueología. Es la publicación periódica más antigua de la UAM. Su enfoque abierto a cualquier temática y época pasada, hasta la más cercana, que sea objeto de la Ciencia arqueológica se abre a una decidida proyección internacional en la que quiere basar su futuro inmediato.
Transvenous Cryoablation of the Bundle of His (1991)

Cardiac dysrhythmias are a prominent cause of morbidity and mortality. Pharmacological treatment is ineffective in a large number of patients and is associated with many serious side effects. Thus, direct treatment of cardiac arrhythmias has been used with increasing frequency. Each form of direct treatment, such as surgical ablation, DC catheter ablation, radiofrequency catheter ablation, laser catheter ablation suffer serious drawbacks. Thus, we investigated the utility of transvenous catheter cryoablation of the bundle of His in five miniature swine, 40-60 lbs. in weight. Complete atrioventricular block was produced in each animal during cryothermia and persisted for 1 hour of observation in four out of five swine. In the fifth animal, 2:1 atrioventricular block within the atrioventricular node persisted for 1 hour of observation. Morphological and histologic examination revealed no dysfunction of capillaries and myofibriles in the atrioventricular node and proximal bundle of His. This potential mode of transcatheter therapy deserves further investigation.
Measurement of the flow properties of coals for in-situ gasification. Final report, December 1977--November 1978. [With dependence on degree of water saturation] (1979)

The effective and relative permeabilities of six coals, comprising thirty-five samples, to nitrogen and carbon dioxide were measured as functions of water saturation and overburden pressure. The coals consist of bituminous, sub-bituminous and lignite types. Simulated overburden pressures ranged from 200 psig to 550 psig. All tests were performed over a decreasing water saturation cycle. Values of porosity, absolute permeability, shrinkage and critical gas saturation were measured on numerous samples. Average values are correlated as to coal type and structural orientation whenever the latter was discernible. The results indicate that CO/sub 2/ reduces the effective permeabilities by a moderate amount vis-a-vis nitrogen. The effect of overburden pressure was to drastically reduce the effective permeabilities. The relative permeability curves were significantly distinct as regards coal type and generalized (averaged) results are presented for universal employment. The characteristic shape of the relative permeability curves remain approximately independent of the magnitude of the stress field. In all, sixty-seven cores were tested over the two year period of both contracts, yielding seventy-six effective permeability curves. Thirty-five samples were tested during the current contract period, yielding forty-four effective permeability curves. Numerous other samples were tested for various point values, such as porosity and absolute permeability.
Rapid loss of factor XII and XI activity in ellagic acid-activated normal plasma: role of plasma inhibitors and implications for automated activated partial thromboplastin time recording. (1977)

Rapid prolongation of the aPTT of normal plasma upon incubation with ellagic acid containing aPTT reagents was observed. The aPTT prolongation was not due to time-dependent changes in pH in the incubation mixture or loss of activity of the labile coagulation factors VIII and V but occurred as a result of rapid progressive inactivation of ellagic acid-activated factors XII and XI. Prolongation of the aPTT and loss of contact factor activities was not observed in plasma incubated with particulate activator reagents. This finding seemed to indicate that adsorption of factors XII and XI to larger particles during the activation process might protect these factors from inactivation by naturally occurring plasma inhibitors. Evidence is presented which supports previous findings that C1-INH, alpha1-AT, and antithrombin (in the presence of heparin) contribute to factor XIIa and XI a inactivation in ellagic acid-activated plasma and that plasma albumin may compete with factor XII for ellagic acid binding. The data indicate that ellagic acid-containing aPTT reagents have unfavorable properties which seriously limit their usefulness in the clinical laboratory, particularly in respect to recording of the aPTT with certain fully automated clot timers.
Graphene: packing and dependency-aware scheduling for data-parallel clusters (2016)

We present a newcluster scheduler, GRAPHENE, aimed at jobs that have a complex dependency structure and heterogeneous resource demands. Relaxing either of these challenges, i.e., scheduling a DAG of homogeneous tasks or an independent set of heterogeneous tasks, leads to NP-hard problems. Reasonable heuristics exist for these simpler problems, but they perform poorly when scheduling heterogeneous DAGs. Our key insights are: (1) focus on the long-running tasks and those with tough-to-pack resource demands, (2) compute a DAG schedule, offline, by first scheduling such troublesome tasks and then scheduling the remaining tasks without violating dependencies. These offline schedules are distilled to a simple precedence order and are enforced by an online component that scales to many jobs. The online component also uses heuristics to compactly pack tasks and to trade-off fairness for faster job completion. Evaluation on a 200-server cluster and using traces of production DAGs at Microsoft, shows that GRAPHENE improves median job completion time by 25% and cluster throughput by 30%.
Amino acid–dependent stability of the acyl linkage in aminoacyl-tRNA (2014)

Aminoacyl-tRNAs are the biologically active substrates for peptide bond formation in protein synthesis. The stability of the acyl linkage in each aminoacyl-tRNA, formed through an ester bond that connects the amino acid carboxyl group with the tRNA terminal 3'-OH group, is thus important. While the ester linkage is the same for all aminoacyl-tRNAs, the stability of each is not well characterized, thus limiting insight into the fundamental process of peptide bond formation. Here, we show, by analysis of the half-lives of 12 of the 22 natural aminoacyl-tRNAs used in peptide bond formation, that the stability of the acyl linkage is effectively determined only by the chemical nature of the amino acid side chain. Even the chirality of the side chain exhibits little influence. Proline confers the lowest stability to the linkage, while isoleucine and valine confer the highest, whereas the nucleotide sequence in the tRNA provides negligible contribution to the stability. We find that, among the variables tested, the protein translation factor EF-Tu is the only one that can protect a weak acyl linkage from hydrolysis. These results suggest that each amino acid plays an active role in determining its own stability in the acyl linkage to tRNA, but that EF-Tu overrides this individuality and protects the acyl linkage stability for protein synthesis on the ribosome.
Analysis on the Current Situation of the Self-Innovation of China’s Manufacturing Industry Based on Structural Equation (2013)

Manufacturing industry is the material foundation of national economy, the foundation of social progress and arich country. It plays decisive role especially for China, which is a large manufacturing power. Self-innovation isone of the strategies of sustainable development of Chinese economy; it is also the correct channel to improvethe competitiveness. Therefore, the self-innovation of manufacturing industry directly affects thecompetitiveness of our country. This article utilizes the basic principle of structural equation to establish the pathdiagram of influencing factor of self-innovation of manufacturing industry. Through path analysis, the authorcalculated the path coefficient of self-innovation of manufacturing industry, measured the situation ofself-innovation of manufacturing industry in the current stage, and made effective analysis on it, providedsolution and suggestion for the development of China’s manufacturing industry.
BERT for Question Generation (2019)

In this study, we investigate the employment of the pre-trained BERT language model to tackle question generation tasks. We introduce two neural architectures built on top of BERT for question generation tasks. The first one is a straightforward BERT employment, which reveals the defects of directly using BERT for text generation. And, the second one remedies the first one by restructuring the BERT employment into a sequential manner for taking information from previous decoded results. Our models are trained and evaluated on the question-answering dataset SQuAD. Experiment results show that our best model yields state-of-the-art performance which advances the BLEU 4 score of existing best models from 16.85 to 21.04.
Toll-like receptor activation by helminths or helminth products to alleviate inflammatory bowel disease (2011)

Helminth infection may modulate the expression of Toll like receptors (TLR) in dendritic cells (DCs) and modify the responsiveness of DCs to TLR ligands. This may regulate aberrant intestinal inflammation in humans with helminthes and may thus help alleviate inflammation associated with human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Epidemiological and experimental data provide further evidence that reducing helminth infections increases the incidence rate of such autoimmune diseases. Fine control of inflammation in the TLR pathway is highly desirable for effective host defense. Thus, the use of antagonists of TLR-signaling and agonists of their negative regulators from helminths or helminth products should be considered for the treatment of IBD.
Delay of Onset of Oviposition in Pullets Promoted by 6-Methoxybenzoxazolinone (1985)

Single Comb White Leghorn pullets were used to determine the effects of 6-methoxy-2-benzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) and photoperiod on sexual maturity and egg production. Pullets were maintained on a constant 11L:13D photoperiod until 18 weeks of age and then were divided into two light-controlled chambers. Half the pullets in each chamber received a standard layer mash and the other half received the same diet supplemented with 6-MBOA (MB). Over the ensuing 21 days, the photoperiods were increased to 15L:9D in one chamber and 12L:12D in the other. Consumption of MB resulted in delayed sexual maturity and lower average egg production of those pullets when compared with pullets in the 15L:9D chamber. No significant difference between MB and C pullets was noted in the 12L:12D chamber. These results are similar to those obtained with pinealectomized quail and chickens.
Role of Active Site Binding Interactions in 4-Chlorobenzoyl-Coenzyme A Dehalogenase Catalysis (2001)

4-Chlorobenzoyl-coenzyme A (4-CBA-CoA) dehalogenase catalyzes the hydrolytic dehalogenation of 4-CBA-CoA to 4-hydroxybenzoyl-CoA (4-HBA-CoA) via a multistep mechanism involving initial attack of Asp145 on C(4) of the substrate benzoyl ring to form a Meisenheimer intermediate (EMc), followed by expulsion of the chloride ion to form an arylated enzyme intermediate (EAr) and then ester hydrolysis in the EAr to form product. This study examines the role of binding interactions in dehalogenase catalysis. The enzyme and substrate groups positioned for favorable binding interaction were identified from the X-ray crystal structure of the enzyme−4-HBA-3‘-dephospho-CoA complex. These groups were individually modified (via site-directed mutagenesis or chemical synthesis) for the purpose of disrupting the binding interaction. The changes in the Gibbs free energy of the enzyme−substrate complex (ΔΔGES) and enzyme−transition state complex (ΔΔG⧧) brought about by the modification were measured. Cases where ΔΔG⧧ exceeds ΔΔGES are indicative of binding interactions used for catalysis. On the basis of this analysis, we show that the H-bond interactions between the Gly114 and Phe64 backbone amide NHs and the substrate benzoyl CO group contribute an additional 3.1 kcal/mol of stabilization at the rate-limiting transition state. The binding interactions between the enzyme and the substrate CoA nucleotide moiety also intensify in the rate-limiting transition state, reducing the energy barrier to catalysis by an additional 3.3 kcal/mol. Together, these binding interactions contribute ∼106 to the kcat/Km.
Real-time two-dimensional beam steering with gate-tunable materials: a theoretical investigation (2016)

A leaky-wave antenna is proposed that furnishes two-dimensional (2-D) beam scanning in both elevation and azimuth planes via electrical control in real time, and at a single frequency. The structure consists of a graphene sheet on a metal-backed substrate. The 2-D beam-scanning performance is achieved through the proper biasing configuration of graphene. Traditional pixel-by-pixel electrical control makes the biasing network a huge challenge for chip-scale designs in the terahertz regime and beyond. The method presented here enables dynamic control by applying two groups of one-dimensional biasing on the sides of the sheet. They are orthogonal and decoupled, with one group offering monotonic impedance variation along one direction, and the other sinusoidal impedance modulation along the other direction. The conductivity profile of the graphene sheet for a certain radiation angle, realized by applying proper voltage to each pad underneath the sheet, is determined by a holographic technique and can be reconfigured electronically and desirably. Such innovative biasing design makes real-time control of the beam direction and beamwidth simple and highly integrated. The concept is not limited to graphene-based structures, and can be generalized to any available gate-tunable material system.
Gamma-ray imaging using a CdZnTe pixel array and a high-resolution, parallel-hole collimator (2000)

The poor performance of current parallel-hole collimators is an impediment to planar high-resolution gamma-ray imaging, even when high-resolution semiconductor detector arrays are available. High-resolution parallel-hole collimators are possible but have not been fabricated because conventional collimator construction techniques severely limit achievable bore size and septal thickness. We describe development and testing of a high-resolution collimator with 4096 260-/spl mu/m square bores and 380 /spl mu/-m pitch, matched to our existing 2.5 cm/spl times/2.5 cm hybrid 64/spl times/64 CdZnTe arrays with multiplexer readout. The collimator is a laminar composite of about 100 layers of W sheets produced by photolithography and has an efficiency of 5/spl times/10/sup -5/. We have demonstrated sub-millimeter spatial resolution at 140 keV in both phantom and animal imaging using this system. We present images of resolved individual vertebrae in the spine of a mouse and lymphatic channels and nodes in a rat. The collimator and semiconductor array could form a compact module for use in a wide variety of gamma-ray imaging systems.