gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesoporous Li<sub><i>x</i></sub>Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Thin Film Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Pseudocapacitors (2016)

Charge storage devices with high energy density and enhanced rate capabilities are highly sought after in today's mobile world. Although several high-rate pseudocapacitive anode materials have been reported, cathode materials operating in a high potential range versus lithium metal are much less common. Here, we present a nanostructured version of the well-known cathode material, LiMn2O4. The reduction in lithium-ion diffusion lengths and improvement in rate capabilities is realized through a combination of nanocrystallinity and the formation of a 3-D porous framework. Materials were fabricated from nanoporous Mn3O4 films made by block copolymer templating of preformed nanocrystals. The nanoporous Mn3O4 was then converted via solid-state reaction with LiOH to nanoporous LixMn2O4 (1 < x < 2). The resulting films had a wall thickness of ∼15 nm, which is small enough to be impacted by inactive surface sites. As a consequence, capacity was reduced by about half compared to bulk LiMn2O4, but both charge and discharge kinetics as well as cycling stability were improved significantly. Kinetic analysis of the redox reactions was used to verify the pseudocapacitive mechanisms of charge storage and establish the feasibility of using nanoporous LixMn2O4 as a cathode in lithium-ion devices based on pseudocapacitive charge storage.
A model for evaluation and selection of suppliers in global textile and apparel supply chains (2005)

Purpose The issue affecting US textile/apparel companies in global business competition is to find suitable suppliers for their operations. The selection and evaluation of their global suppliers to meet the goal of having effective and efficient supply chain operations and strengthening their position in the market become critical for US textile/apparel manufacturers to maintain their competitiveness in today's market. Aims to develop an evaluation model. Design/methodology/approach The development of a simple, flexible, and easy to use evaluation model that includes the consideration of five main clusters to reflect the performance of a global supplier in a textile/apparel supply chain. Findings A case presented in this paper shows that the model provides textile/apparel companies with an easy way to evaluate their suppliers and make their selection of suppliers more efficient and effective. Most textile/apparel companies using this model can help them establish strategic alliance with global suppliers to reduce costs and increase competitiveness in the market. Practical implications Textile/apparel companies can use this model to find capable suppliers as their partners in the supply chain. With minor modifications, this model also can help companies in most industries for enhancing their supply chain operations with capable suppliers. Originality/value Provides a simple model that can help companies in many industries enhance their supply chain operations.
Partition and Water/Oil Adsorption of Some Surfactants (2008)

Adsorption isotherms have been determined at the water/oil interface for five biphasic systems involving surfactants (non-ionic and ionic) present in both phases at partition equilibrium. The systems studied were polyoxyethylene(23)lauryl ether (Brij35) in water/hexane and four ionic surfactants, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and a series of three tetraalkylammonium dodecylsulfate (TEADS, TPADS, and TBADS) in water/CH 2Cl 2. Interfacial tension measurements performed at the water/air and water/oil interfaces provided all the necessary information for the determination of the adsorption parameters by taking partition into account. These measurements also allowed the comparison of the adsorption properties at both interfaces which showed an increase of the adsorption equilibrium constant and a decrease of the maximum surface concentration at the water/oil interface compared to water/air. The values of the critical aggregation concentration showed, in all cases, that only the surfactant dissolved in the aqueous phase contribute to the decrease of the water/oil interfacial tension. In the case of the four ionic surfactants, the critical aggregation concentration obtained in biphasic conditions were lowered because of the formation of mixed surfactant-CH 2Cl 2 aggregates.
<title>Synthesis and properties of diacetylenic liquid-crystalline monomers and polymers</title> (1992)

Diacetylenic monomers have been synthesized in order to obtain long conjugation to provide high nonlinear optical response. We report the preparation of nonadeca-10:12-diynoic acid and used as precursor for the following compounds: (1) 4-cyanobiphenyl-4'-(nonadeca-10:12- diynoate), and (2) 2,3,6,7,10,11-triphenylene-hexa(nonadeca-10:12-diynoate). The polymerizations of these monomers were carried out by UV-irradiation of the monomers in bulk and in 25 (mu) thickness of quartz cells. The cyanobiphenyl-containing diacetylenic monomer exhibits monotropic nematic phase and the polymer displays enantiotropic nematic phase. The diacetylenic discotic monomer is not polymerizable and exhibit no mesophase. The nonlinear absorption properties of the diacetylenic discotic monomer was studied by using 532 nm frequency-doubling output from a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with a pulse width of 7 ns.
Design and characterization of breath analysis system for BAC prediction (2015)

A breath analysis system was created using two sensors. The first was an alcohol gas sensor (Hanwei MQ-3) which provides an analog resistive output based on the ethanol concentration in an air sample. The second was a humidity sensor (Honeywell HIH-4030), to help verify that a proper breath sample was received. The sensors were integrated with an Atmega 328p based microcontroller on an Arduino Nano development board. The Arduino communicated with an Android application through a Bluetooth transceiver, allowing a user to measure his or her Blood Alcohol Content (BAC). The device was calibrated and evaluated using three commercial offthe-shelf breathalyzers.
Thermal Expansion of Borosilicate Glass, Zerodur, Zerodur M, and Uncer amized Zerodur at Low Temperatures (1999)

Current plans for space exploration are calling for more information about materials—at ever lower temperatures. The University of Arizona is making a 2-m prototype mirror for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) to operate at 35 K.1 Previous low temperature measurements of thermal expansion have been limited to temperatures down to 77 K, except for the very low temperature studies of White et al.2,3,4
Process and device considerations for micron and submicron CMOS technology (1985)

CMOS has emerged as the most important technology for VLSI, and soon VLSI, circuits. This paper will address some of the major technical issues and approaches used in designing state-of-the-art CMOS devices. These topics include the formation of the body for each type of device, the electrical isolation between the two types of devices, the active-device design, and latchup prevention techniques.
Cell‐derived microparticles: a new challenge in neuroscience (2009)

Microparticles (MPs) are membrane fragments shed by cells activated by a variety of stimuli including serine proteases, inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and stress inducers. MPs originating from platelets, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and erythrocytes are found in circulating blood at relative concentrations determined by the pathophysiological context. The procoagulant activity of MPs is their most characterized property as a determinant of thrombosis in various vascular and systemic diseases including myocardial infarction and diabetes. An increase in circulating MPs has also been associated with ischemic cerebrovascular accidents, transient ischemic attacks, multiple sclerosis, and cerebral malaria. Recent data indicate that besides their procoagulant components and identity antigens, MPs bear a number of bioactive effectors that can be disseminated, exchanged, and transferred via MPs cell interactions. Furthermore, as activated parenchymal cells may also shed MPs carrying identity antigens and biomolecules, MPs are now emerging as new messengers/biomarkers from a specific tissue undergoing activation or damage. Thus, detection of MPs of neurovascular origin in biological fluids such as CSF or tears, and even in circulating blood in case of blood-brain barrier leakage, would not only improve our comprehension of neurovascular pathophysiology, but may also constitute a powerful tool as a biomarker in disease prediction, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up.
Initiation Factor 2B Activity Is Regulated by Protein Phosphatase 1, Which Is Activated by the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-dependent Pathway in Insulin-like Growth Factor 1-stimulated Neuronal Cells (2003)

We have previously demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) induces eukaryotic initiation factor 2B (eIF2B) activation in neuronal cells through the phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/glycogen synthase kinase 3 pathway as well as by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-activating kinase (MEK)/MAPK signaling pathway (Quevedo, C., Alcázar, A., and Salinas, M. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 19192-19197). This paper addresses the mechanism involved in IGF1-induced eIF2B activation via the MEK/MAPK cascade in cultured neurons treated with IGF1 and demonstrates that extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1 and -2) immunoprecipitates of IGF1-treated neuronal cells promote this activation. This effect did not directly result from eIF2B phosphorylation by ERK immunoprecipitates. In addition, recombinant ERK1 and -2 neither activate eIF2B nor phosphorylate it. Endogenous protein phosphatase 1 and 2A catalytic subunits (PP1C and PP2AC, respectively) were co-immunoprecipitated with ERK1 and -2, and the association of ERK with PP1C was stimulated by IGF1 treatment, resulting in increased PP1 activity. ERK immunoprecipitates incubated with PP1 inhibitors did not activate eIF2B, indicating that PP1C activates eIF2B. In vitro experiments with phosphorylated eIF2B showed that recombinant PP1C (alpha isoform) dephosphorylates and activates eIF2B. Paralleling eIF2B activation, IGF1 treatment induced PP1 activation in a MEK/MAPK-dependent fashion. Moreover, the treatment of neurons with the PP1 inhibitor tautomycin inhibited PP1 activation and prevented IGF1-induced eIF2B activation. These findings strongly suggest that IGF1-induced eIF2B activation in neurons is effected by PP1, the activation of which is mediated by the MEK/MAPK signaling pathway.
Interdiffusion in Si/Ge amorphous multilayer films (1985)

Multilayered or compositionally modulated amorphous Si/amorphous Ge films with a repeat length of 5.83 nm have been fabricated using ion beam sputtering. The interdiffusion coefficient Dλ was determined by measuring the intensity of the x-ray satellite arising from the modulation as a function of annealing time. The interdiffusion was found to be relatively rapid, in that it could be measured easily without crystallization occurring. The temperature dependence in the range 550–630 K is described by Dλ=1.07 × 10−10 exp (−1.6 eV/kT) m2s−1.
Morphologic alterations of the subchondral bone in advanced degenerative arthritis. (1983)

A series of 535 femoral heads surgically excised at the time of total hip arthroplasty for degenerative arthritis were analyzed by gross photography, specimen roentgenograms, and whole-mount histologic sections. Limited regenerative capacity was apparent in the chondrous tufts in the exposed bone of the osteoarthritic joint surface. The mechanism for the formation of subchondral cysts was interpreted to be the proliferation of viable myxomatous cells within the bone marrow. Osseous remodeling adjacent to the cysts was secondary to expansion of the soft tissue contents of the early cysts and later vascularization with fibrosis in the older cysts. Stress fracturing was a focal feature secondary to the remodeling of live bone. Advanced degenerative arthritis demonstrated focal osteocytic necrosis in the exposed osseous surface. Bone necrosis was also observed when small segments of the surface were undermined by cysts. Finally, bone necrosis was occasionally observed as focal infarcts of the joint surface (2-6 mm). In all three instances, bone necrosis in degenerative arthritis appeared to be a secondary reaction, presumably related to local disruption of blood supply.
Design and fabrication of nanowire electrodes on a flexible substrate for detection of myocardial ischemia (2009)

According to a report by the American Heart Association, there are approximately 3-4 million Americans that may experience silent Myocardial Ischemia (MI). Silent MI is a serious heart condition that can progress to a severe heart attack without any warning and the consequences of such an event can turn fatal quickly. Therefore, there is a strong need for a sensor that can continuously monitor the onset of the condition to prevent high risk individuals from deadly heart attacks. An increase in extracellular potassium levels is the first sign of MI and timely sensing with an implantable potassium sensing biosensor could play a critical role in detecting and expediting care. There are challenges in the development of an implantable potassium sensing electrode one of which includes signal drift. The incorporation of novel nanostructures and smarter materials hold the potential to combat these problems. This paper presents a unique design for an all-solid-state potassium sensing device which offers miniaturization along with enhanced signal transduction. These characteristics are important when it comes to implantable devices and signal drift. Sensor design details along with fabrication processes and sensing results are discussed.
A framework of telecommunication subsystem for urban traffic flow guidance systems (UTFGS) (2003)

UTFGS is the first Advanced Traveler Information Systems (ATIS) project in China. The operational test of UTFGS involves traffic information communication between the Traffic Information Center (TIC) and UTFGS vehicles. A suitable telecommunication network is designed for UTFGS with respect to the prevailing condition of China and the actual communication need of UTFGS. Data coding and error correcting coding techniques are used in order to transmit the large amount of traffic data efficiently and safely.
Rate-Controlled Service Disciplines (1994)

We propose a class of non-work-conserving service disciplines, called the rate-controlled service disciplines. When coupled with suitable admission control algorithms, rate-controlled service disciplines can provide end-to-end deterministic and statistical performance guarantees on a per-connection basis in an arbitrary-topology packet-switching network. The key feature of a rate-controlled service discipline is the separation of the server into two components: a rate controller and a scheduler. This separation makes it possible to obtain end-to-end performance characteristics by applying single node analysis at each switch. It also has several other distinct advantages: it decouples the allocation of bandwidths and delay bounds, uniformly distributes the allocation of buffer space inside the network to prevent packet loss, and allows arbitrary combinations of rate-control policies and packet scheduling policies. Rate-controlled service disciplines provide a general framework within which most of the existing non-work-conserving disciplines can be naturally expressed. One discipline in this class, called Rate-Controlled Static Priority (RCSP), is particularly suitable for providing performance guarantees in high-speed networks. It achieves simplicity of implementation as well as flexibility in the allocation of bandwidths and delay bounds to different connections.
Experimental observations of a mechanical cochlear model (1975)

A two-chamber cochlear model was built with the basilar membrane modeled by a thin elastic beam. For various input frequencies the steady-state envelopes of the beam oscillations were measured using several combinations of elastic beams and viscous fluids. The frequency dependence of the thickness of the periodic boundary layer adjacent to the beam was also determined. The experimental results are in general agreement with theoretical predictions, and the ability of viscous damping to alter the shape of the envelopes is confirmed. An optical lever suitable for measuring relatively small displacements is also described. Subject Classification: 65.26, 65.35.
Mineralisation of chicory and lucerne residues under field conditions (2012)

The incorporation of chicory into phased farming systems requires an understanding of N mineralisation of chicory residues and the supply of N to subsequent crops. A field experiment was conducted to determine the relative rates of N mineralisation from chicory, chicory/subclover and lucerne/subclover residues. Existing pastures were removed by spraying with herbicide in either spring or autumn and mineral N was measured at the time of spraying, and then 6 and 12 months later. Chicory/subclover had the greatest mineralisation rate during the first 6 months after spraying in either spring (0.54 kg mineral N/ha/day) or autumn (0.64 kg mineral N/ha/day), whilst lucerne/subclover had the lowest at 0.07 and 0.08 kg mineral N/ha/day for spring and autumn, respectively. However, 12 months after spraying, the mineralisation rate increased for lucerne/subclover, but began to slow for chicory and chicory/subclover. Compared to chicory alone, growing chicory with subclover significantly increased the release of mineral N by 28 and 47 kg N/ha, 6 and 12 months after pasture removal, respectively. The mass of N mineralised 12 months after pasture removal was similar for chicory/subclover (219 kg N/ha) and lucerne/subclover (234 kg N/ha). However, as high rates of mineralisation occurred for chicory treatments within the first 6 months after spraying, chicory-based pastures could potentially be sprayed out later (eg autumn) than lucerne pastures allowing more grazing time without the risk of N deficiency to the following crop. Therefore chicory/subclover pastures are well suited to phased farming systems, particularly where pasture phases are shorter, as the N benefit can be readily utilised by following crops.
Moisturizers for patients with atopic dermatitis. (2013)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with epidermal barrier defects which leads to dry skin that is easily disturbed by external exacerbating factors. It is now well established that moisturizers play an important role in preventing skin inflammation in AD, including reducing the amount of topical corticosteroid use. Thus, the use of moisturizers is currently recognized as one of standard treatment for AD. This review summarizes the role and classification of moisturizers. We also review some ingredients that are commonly added in moisturizers which are claimed to have an anti-inflammatory effects in AD.
Osteosarcoma: Evolution of Treatment Paradigms (2013)

This paper reviews the contribution of chemotherapy in the conquest of osteosarcoma. It discusses how the treatment of osteosarcoma has evolved over the last five decades, resulting in a more than fivefold increase in survival. Though the initial improvements in survival were dramatic, essentially there has been no change in the outlook for this disease over the past 30 years. The paper also highlights the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach to combat this disease and stresses the need to explore newer treatment agents in order to build on the lessons learnt from the past while striving to achieve greater levels of success.
Nuclear translocation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (2008)

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) participates in diverse (patho)physiological processes through intracellular signaling events that affect cell adhesion, migration, and proliferation, although the mechanisms by which these occur are only partially understood. Here we report that upon cell binding and internalization, single-chain uPA (scuPA) translocates to the nucleus within minutes. Nuclear translocation does not involve proteolytic activation or degradation of scuPA. Neither the urokinase receptor (uPAR) nor the low-density lipoprotein-related receptor (LRP) is required for nuclear targeting. Rather, translocation involves the binding of scuPA to the nucleocytoplasmic shuttle protein nucleolin through a region containing the kringle domain. RNA interference and mutational analysis demonstrate that nucleolin is required for the nuclear transport of scuPA. Furthermore, nucleolin is required for the induction smooth muscle alpha-actin (alpha-SMA) by scuPA. These data reveal a novel pathway by which uPA is rapidly translocated to the nucleus where it might participate in regulating gene expression.
Analysis of text entry performance metrics (2009)

Researchers have proposed many text entry systems to enable users to perform this frequent task as quickly and precise as possible. Unfortunately the reported data varies widely and it is difficult to extract meaningful average entry speeds and error rates from this body of work. In this article we collect data from well-designed and well-reported experiments for the most important text entry methods, including those for handheld devices. Our survey results show that thumb keyboard is the fastest text entry method after the standard QWERTY keyboard, and that Twiddler is fastest amongst non-QWERTY methods. Moreover, we survey how text entry errors were handled in these studies. Finally, we conducted a user study to detect which effect different error-handling methodologies have on text entry performance metrics. Our study results show that the way human errors are handled has indeed a significant effect on all frequently used error metrics.
Proanthocyanidins from<i>Krameria triandra</i>Root (1989)

Oligomeric proanthocyanidins were isolated from rhatany root (Krameria triandra) and characterised by acid hydrolysis, thiolytic degradation, and spectroscopic methods. They consisted of 2-14 flavanol units with mainly 2,3-cis configuration and with a propelagonidin:procyanidin ratio of 65:35. The predominant interflavan linkage was [4,8]. [4,6]-Bonds were present in the higher oligomers, presumably forming branched chain units. The astringency of the drug was mainly due to proanthocyanidins with degrees of polymerization from 5-10, and these were also the astringent compounds of rhatany tea and tincture. A pharmacological screening of the extract revealed a significant antimicrobial effect.
Fusobacterium nucleatum Infection of Colonic Cells Stimulates MUC2 Mucin and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (2011)

The etiology of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely known, but it is influenced by the presence of normal gut microflora as well as yet-unrecognized pathogens. The anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterial species Fusobacterium nucleatum is a common resident of the human mouth and gut and varies in its pathogenic potential. In this study, we demonstrate that highly invasive F. nucleatum isolates derived from the inflamed guts of Crohn's disease patients evoked significantly greater MUC2 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene expression than minimally invasive strains isolated from the noninflamed gut in human colonic epithelial cells and in a rat ligated colonic loop model of infection. Only live F. nucleatum induced mucin secretion and TNF-α expression in direct contact with and/or during invasion of colonic cells. In rat colons, mucin secretion was augmented in response to a highly invasive F. nucleatum isolate but was unaffected by treatment with a minimally invasive strain. Taken together, these studies reveal that F. nucleatum may represent a challenging pathogen in the etiology of gut inflammatory diseases and highlight the importance of different pathotypes of candidate bacterial species in disease pathogenesis.