gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of Autolysin-Encoding Genes by Phage-Derived Lytic Proteins Inhibits Biofilm Formation in Staphylococcus aureus (2017)

Phage-derived lytic proteins are a promising alternative to conventional antimicrobials. One of their most interesting properties is that they do not readily select for resistant strains, which is likely due to the fact that their targets are essential for the viability of the bacterial cell. Moreover, genetic engineering allows the design of new "tailor-made" proteins that may exhibit improved antibacterial properties. One example of this is the chimeric protein CHAPSH3b, which consists of a catalytic domain from the virion-associated peptidoglycan hydrolase of phage vB_SauS-phiIPLA88 (HydH5) and the cell wall binding domain of lysostaphin. CHAPSH3b had previously shown the ability to kill <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> cells. Here, we demonstrate that this lytic protein also has potential for the control of biofilm-embedded <i>S. aureus</i> cells. Additionally, subinhibitory doses of CHAPSH3b can decrease biofilm formation by some <i>S. aureus</i> strains. Transcriptional analysis revealed that exposure of <i>S. aureus</i> cells to this enzyme leads to the downregulation of several genes coding for bacterial autolysins. One of these proteins, namely, the major autolysin AtlA, is known to participate in staphylococcal biofilm development. Interestingly, an <i>atl</i> mutant strain did not display inhibition of biofilm development when grown at subinhibitory concentrations of CHAPSH3b, contrary to the observations made for the parental and complemented strains. Also, deletion of <i>atl</i> led to low-level resistance to CHAPSH3b and the endolysin LysH5. Overall, our results reveal new aspects that should be considered when designing new phage-derived lytic proteins aimed for antimicrobial applications.
Precision metrology with coherent dual frequency combs (2013)

Summary form only given. Frequency combs have enabled a wide range of applications because of their unique combination of coherence and broad bandwidth. The comb provides 100,000's of comb teeth at precise, well-known optical frequencies that can support broadband accurate spectroscopy or multi-wavelength interfometric ranging. However, the full advantages of the comb can be realized as a source for these and other applications only with a matched detection approach. In other words, the detection must fully resolve each individual transmitted comb tooth. It is possible to achieve this tooth-by-tooth detection through multi-heterodyne interference against a second, or dual, coherent frequency comb. Dual comb systems for spectroscopy have been pursued for several years now in different implementations. When implemented with fully coherent frequency combs over sufficiently long integration times, dual comb spectroscopy enables measurements of the absorbance and phase spectra from a gas with a resolution limited only by the comb teeth linewidth (and any system nonlinearities), yielding a frequency accuracy and precision far in excess of conventional FTIR systems and a bandwidth far in excess of tunable laser spectrometers. In our recent work, we have moved beyond the 1550-nm region to demonstrate coherent dual-comb spectroscopy over much broader near-infrared spectra and even into the mid-infrared. This system has enabled precise and accurate line-center measurements of methane, acetylene and water. In the future, coherent dual-comb spectroscopy is promising for very precise, accurate and broadband lineshape measurements, which can support accurate measurements of trace gas concentrations in air.
Attenuation of innate immunity by cytomegalovirus IL-10 establishes a long-term deficit of adaptive antiviral immunity (2010)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and many other pathogens exploit the IL-10 pathway, as part of their infectious cycle, either through their own encoded IL-10 (hcmvIL-10 for HCMV) or manipulation of the cellular IL-10 signaling cascade. Based on the in vitro demonstrations of its pleiotropic and cell type-dependent modulatory nature, hcmvIL-10 could profoundly attenuate host immunity, facilitating the establishment and maintenance of a persistent infection in an immune-competent host. To investigate the impact of extrinsic IL-10 on the induction and maintenance of antiviral immune responses in vivo, rhesus macaques were inoculated with variants of rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) either expressing or lacking the RhCMV ortholog of hcmvIL-10 (rhcmvIL-10). The results show that rhcmvIL-10 alters the earliest host responses to viral antigens by dampening the magnitude and specificity of innate effector cells to primary RhCMV infection. In addition, there is a commensurate reduction in the quality and quantity of early and long-term, RhCMV-specific adaptive immune responses. These findings provide a mechanistic basis of how early interactions between a newly infected host and HCMV could shape the long-term virus-host balance, which may facilitate the development of new prevention and intervention strategies for HCMV.
Design Criteria for Micro-Optical Tandem Luminescent Solar Concentrators (2018)

Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) harness light generated by luminophores embedded in a light-trapping waveguide to concentrate onto smaller cells. LSCs can absorb both direct and diffuse sunlight, and thus can operate as flat plate receivers at a fixed tilt and with a conventional module form factor. However, current LSCs experience significant power loss through parasitic luminophore absorption and incomplete light trapping by the optical waveguide. Here, we introduce a tandem LSC device architecture that overcomes both of these limitations, consisting of a poly(lauryl methacrylate) polymer layer with embedded cadmium selenide core, cadmium sulfide shell (CdSe/CdS) quantum dot (QD) luminophores and an InGaP microcell array, which serves as high bandgap absorbers on the top of a conventional Si photovoltaic. We investigate the design space for a tandem LSC, using experimentally measured performance parameters for key components, including the InGaP microcell array, CdSe/CdS QDs, and spectrally selective waveguide filters. Using a Monte Carlo ray-tracing model, we compute the power conversion efficiency for a tandem LSC module with these components to be 29.4% under partially diffuse illumination conditions. These results indicate that a tandem LSC-on-Si architecture could significantly improve upon the efficiency of a conventional Si photovoltaic cell.
Serum preparation and methods for the large-scale production of IgG monoclonal antibody (1994)

In this study we demonstrated that fetal calf serum (FCS) depleted of IgG by protein G affinity chromatography (G-FCS) is superior to whole FCS or serum-free culture media as a culture supplement for the production of purified IgG monoclonal antibodies (MAb). One hundred ml FCS was applied to a 25 ml protein G Sepharose 4 Fast Flow Column, which was shaken gently for 2 days at 4 degrees C. The procedure was repeated using a protein G column for an additional day. G-FCS was used at a concentration of 5% in RPMI 1640 medium to grow the mouse myeloma cell line P3X63.Ag8.653, which secretes an IgG-1 mouse-human chimeric monoclonal antibody (TVE-1). Cell density, viability, doubling time, and antibody production were used as indices to compare the efficacy of this medium with that of whole FCS medium, AIM-V (Gibco, USA) and other serum-free media. The results demonstrate that cell growth and antibody production in -GFCS medium did not differ significantly from that in FCS medium, but were significantly better than in the serum-free media (p < 0.001). TVE-1 antibody in the spent tissue culture media was purified by 50% ammonium sulfate precipitation and Protein A affinity chromatography. An antibody that was more than 99% pure was obtained. Endotoxin analysis revealed that the IgG depletion process does not generate a significant level of endotoxin in FCS (< 0.06 EU/ml).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
SensIPro: Smart sensor analytics for Internet of things (2016)

Sensors play a vital role for realizing the vision of connected smart universe. In this paper, we present a novel sensor agnostic model SensIPro to perform robust unsupervised analysis of sensor data to support scalable analytics, a prime need for Internet of things (IoT). In the context of sensor analytics, outliers contain most delicate information. Analysis of anomaly or outlier is mostly dependent on the application domain as well as signal characteristics. Our proposed sensor analytics model SensIPro automates analysis of outliers based on inferring signal characteristics of diverse sensors from different IoT applications like healthcare, smart energy, smart transport. We apply relevant time-series algorithms using statistical analysis, information theoretic measure for sensor data analytics. We measure similarity/dissimilarity of the time series sensor data and correlate with detected outliers. Our algorithm does not require any prior knowledge of sensor data type and metadata. We present results and analysis based on real life heterogeneous sensor data sets. Obtained results further prove efficacy of the proposed mechanism.
Programmable Analog-to-Digital Converter for Low-Power DC–DC SMPS (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> An application-specific delay-line based windowed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with programmable reference voltage, conversion time, and accuracy of voltage regulation, is introduced. The ADC can be fully implemented on a small silicon area and is suitable for implementation in various integrated digital controllers for high-frequency low-power switch-mode power supplies. The programmable characteristics are achieved through the utilization of the inherent averaging effect of the delay line and through the adjustments of delay cells' propagation times. The ADC is implemented in a standard 0.18 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>$\mu$</tex></formula>m CMOS technology, as a part of a high-frequency digital controller integrated circuit, and tested with a 1.5 MHz, 1 W buck dc–dc converter. </para>
New THz emitter device concept based on lateral photo-dember currents (2009)

This paper presents a new concept for the generation of terahertz (THz) radiation. Instead of accelerating carriers in an external bias field as state-of-the-art THz emitters generate THz radiation, the THz radiation is generated by lateral Photo-Dember currents induced by inhomogeneous optical excitation. The principle is proven in the simplest geometry on GaAs.
Hardness/Toughness Relationship for Sic Armor (2008)

State-of-the-art SiC armor has a fracture toughness of 5.3±0.1 MPa-m1/2, as measured by the single-edge precracked beam (SEPB) technique. It is possible to tailor the hardness and toughness of SiC armor through microstructural control. Hardness generally decreases as toughness increases, in accordance with expectation. The choice of sintering additives, amount of secondary phases, SiC polytypes, grain size, the beta-to-alpha transition, and the resulting effects on the hardness/toughness trade-off are discussed. SEPB toughness values for SiC ranged between 2.5 and 8.5 MPa-m1/2. Ballistic tests are needed to determine if increased toughness has merit in providing increased protection.
Recent Developments in Acoustic Charge Transport Devices (1986)

An overview of the functional capabilities and operational performance presently obtained from acoustic charge transport (ACT) device technology is presented. A brief description of basic ACT device architecture and operation is given. Primary functional capabilities of automatic serial input sampling, parallel lateral charge injection, charge storage, and multi-tap non-destructive charge detection are described and experimentally demonstrated. The signal processing performance obtained from recent delay lines, transversal filters, and wideband P-N code correlators is summarized. The paper concludes with an assessment of potential applications for ACT technology.
Volumetric limiting spatial resolution analysis of four dimensional digital subtraction angiography (4D-DSA) (2015)

Static C-Arm CT 3D FDK baseline reconstructions (3D-DSA) are unable to provide temporal information to radiologists. 4D-DSA provides a time series of 3D volumes implementing a constrained image, thresholded 3D-DSA, reconstruction utilizing temporal dynamics in the 2D projections. Volumetric limiting spatial resolution (VLSR) of 4DDSA is quantified and compared to a 3D-DSA reconstruction using the same 3D-DSA parameters. Investigated were the effects of varying over significant ranges the 4D-DSA parameters of 2D blurring kernel size applied to the projection and threshold applied to the 3D-DSA when generating the constraining image of a scanned phantom (SPH) and an electronic phantom (EPH). The SPH consisted of a 76 micron tungsten wire encased in a 47 mm O.D. plastic radially concentric thin walled support structure. An 8-second/248-frame/198<sup>°</sup> scan protocol acquired the raw projection data. VLSR was determined from averaged MTF curves generated from each 2D transverse slice of every (248) 4D temporal frame (3D). 4D results for SPH and EPH were compared to the 3D-DSA. Analysis of the 3D-DSA resulted in a VLSR of 2.28 and 1.69 lp/mm for the EPH and SPH respectively. Kernel (2D) sizes of either 10x10 or 20x20 pixels with a threshold of 10% of the 3D-DSA as a constraining image provided 4D-DSA VLSR nearest to the 3D-DSA. 4D-DSA algorithms yielded 2.21 and 1.67 lp/mm with a percent error of 3.1% and 1.2% for the EPH and SPH respectively as compared to the 3D-DSA. This research indicates 4D-DSA is capable of retaining the resolution of the 3D-DSA.
A Novel Task-Specific Upper-Extremity Rehabilitation System with Interactive Game-Based Interface for Stroke Patients (2019)

The following topics are dealt with: medical robotics; surgery; biomechanics; patient rehabilitation; needles; medical image processing; biological tissues; medical computing; eye; learning (artificial intelligence).
Oral Immunization with Recombinant<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>Induces a Protective Immune Response in Mice with Lyme Disease (2008)

Mucosal immunization is advantageous over other routes of antigen delivery because it can induce both mucosal and systemic immune responses. Our goal was to develop a mucosal delivery vehicle based on bacteria generally regarded as safe, such as Lactobacillus spp. In this study, we used the Lyme disease mouse model as a proof of concept. We demonstrate that an oral vaccine based on live recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum protects mice from tick-transmitted Borrelia burgdorferi infection. Our method of expressing vaccine antigens in L. plantarum induces both systemic and mucosal immunity after oral administration. This platform technology can be applied to design oral vaccine delivery vehicles against several microbial pathogens.
Dynamic Stabilization of a Microring Modulator Under Thermal Perturbation (2012)

We demonstrate the first active stabilization of a microring-based device within a thermally volatile environment. The proposed design is CMOS integratable and leverages low-speed power monitoring and a feedback loop circuit for dynamic thermal correction.
Noninvasive Imaging of Human Atrial Activation during Atrial Flutter and Normal Rhythm from Body Surface Potential Maps (2016)

The noninvasive cardiac electrical imaging technique is able to reconstruct complex atrial reentrant activations and focal activation patterns in good consistency with clinical electrophysiological mapping. It offers the potential to assist in radio-frequency ablation of atrial arrhythmia and help defining the underlying arrhythmic mechanism.
Beacon-defined performance of adaptive optics (2012)

Achieving a minimal size laser spot (beacon) on a remote object is a major objective of the adaptive optics-based phase conjugations methods used in laser communications and directed energy systems. Achieving this goal not only requires a high quality conjugation of the laser beam wave front relative to the object-returned beacon beam, but also fulfillment of the reciprocity condition. The latter can be defined as precise matching of the intensities and wave fonts of two contrapropagating beams in each cross section along the propagation path. This condition is central for effectively focusing a laser beam on a remote object. Violation of the conditions of reciprocal propagation occurs, for example, when the receiving aperture is of limited size compared to the size of the object-returned beacon beam. Such size disparity between the receiving aperture and beacon returned beam results in decreased power density on the focused spot and reduced intensity of the target-returned beam. When the beacon wave is formed on a rough-surface object there is an additional decrease in the efficiency of the beam focusing. The paper provides a detailed discussion of these phenomena.
Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialyl Tn-antigens and derivatives (2011)

An N-terminal and C-terminal truncated recombinant α2-6-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp. JH-ISH-224, Psp2,6ST(15-501)-His(6), was shown to be an efficient catalyst for one-pot three-enzyme synthesis of sialyl Tn (STn) antigens and derivatives containing natural and non-natural sialic acid forms.
Cross-Reactive Chemical Sensor Arrays (2000)

Conventional approaches to chemical sensors have\ntraditionally made use of a “lock-and-key” design,\nwherein a specific receptor is synthesized in order to\nstrongly and highly selectively bind the analyte of\ninterest.1-6 A related approach involves exploiting a\ngeneral physicochemical effect selectively toward a\nsingle analyte, such as the use of the ionic effect in\nthe construction of a pH electrode. In the first\napproach, selectivity is achieved through recognition\nof the analyte at the receptor site, and in the second,\nselectivity is achieved through the transduction\nprocess in which the method of detection dictates\nwhich species are sensed. Such approaches are appropriate\nwhen a specific target compound is to be\nidentified in the presence of controlled backgrounds\nand interferences. However, this type of approach\nrequires the synthesis of a separate, highly selective\nsensor for each analyte to be detected. In addition,\nthis type of approach is not particularly useful for\nanalyzing, classifying, or assigning human value\njudgments to the composition of complex vapor\nmixtures such as perfumes, beers, foods, mixtures of\nsolvents, etc.
340 mV–1.1 V, 289 Gbps/W, 2090-Gate NanoAES Hardware Accelerator With Area-Optimized Encrypt/Decrypt GF(2 4 ) 2 Polynomials in 22 nm Tri-Gate CMOS (2015)

This paper describes an on-die lightweight nanoAES hardware accelerator, fabricated in 22 nm tri-gate high-k/metal-gate CMOS, targeted for ultra-low power symmetric-key encryption and decryption on mobile SOCs. Compared to conventional 128 bit AES implementations, this design uses a single 8 bit Sbox circuit along with ShiftRows byte-order data processing to compute all AES rounds in native GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> ) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> composite-field. This approach along with a serial-accumulating MixColumns circuit, area-optimized encrypt and decrypt Galois-field polynomials and integrated on-the-fly key generation circuit results in a compact encrypt/decrypt layout occupying 2200/2736 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and lowest-reported gate count of 1947/2090 respectively, while achieving: (i) maximum operating frequency of 1.133 GHz and total power consumption of 13 mW with leakage component of 500 μW, measured at 0.9 V, 25 °C, (ii) nominal AES-128 encrypt/decrypt throughput of 432/671 Mbps respectively, with peak energy-efficiency of 289 Gbps/W measured at near-threshold operation of 430 mV (11 ×higher than previously reported implementations), (iii) encrypt/decrypt latencies of 336/216 cycles and total energy consumption of 3.9/2.5 nJ respectively, (iv) wide operating supply voltage range with robust sub-threshold voltage performance of 45 Mbps, 170 μW, measured at 340 mV, 25 °C and (v) first-reported Galois-field polynomial-based micro-architectural co-optimization, resulting in distinct area-optimized encrypt and decrypt polynomials with up to 9% area reduction at iso-performance.
SilentVoice (2018)

SilentVoice is a new voice input interface device that penetrates the speech-based natural user interface (NUI) in daily life. The proposed "ingressive speech" method enables placement of a microphone very close to the front of the mouth without suffering from pop-noise, capturing very soft speech sounds with a good S/N ratio. It realizes ultra-small (less than 39dB(A)) voice leakage, allowing us to use voice input without annoying surrounding people in public and mobile situations as well as offices and homes. By measuring airflow direction, SilentVoice can easily be separated from normal utterances with 98.8% accuracy; no activation words are needed. It can be used for voice-activated systems with a specially trained voice recognizer; evaluation results yield word error rates (WERs) of 1.8% (speaker-dependent condition), and 7.0% (speaker-independent condition) with a limited dictionary of 85 command sentences. A whisper-like natural voice can also be used for real-time voice communication.
New multi-language computer controlled teletext decoders for 525 and 625 line systems (1988)

A range of multilanguage teletext decoders are described that can cover much larger geographical areas than before. These are known as enhanced computer-controlled teletext (ECCT), and several variants are available for different geographical areas. A character read-only memory (ROM) with 192 high-resolution characters is included on-chip, together with a more flexible ROM addressing mechanism to take full advantage of the multilanguage capability. Some areas require more than one language to appear on the screen simultaneously, other areas have different technical requirements, for example, 625- or 525-line transmission. The design of the teletext decoder to accommodate these requirements is discussed, together with the associated transmission aspects.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A New Non-central Model for Fisheye Calibration (2022)

A new non-central model suitable for calibrating fisheye cameras is proposed. It is a direct extension of the popular central model developed by Scaramuzza et al., used by Matlab Computer Vision Toolbox fisheye calibration tool. It allows adapting existing applications that are using this central model to a non-central projection that is more accurate, especially when objects captured in the images are close to the camera, and it makes it possible to switch easily between the more accurate non-central characterization of the fisheye camera and the more convenient central approximation, as needed. It is shown that the algorithms proposed by Scaramuzza et al. for their central model can be modified to accommodate the angle dependent axial viewpoint shift. This means, besides other, that a similar process can be used for calibration involving the viewpoint shift characterization and a user-friendly calibration tool can be produced with this new non-central model that does not require the user to provide detailed lens design specifications or an educated guess for the initial parameter values. Several other improvements to the Scaramuzza's central model are also introduced, helping to improve the performance of both the central model, and its non-central extension.