gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of respiration averaged CT for attenuation correction of the PET data from PET/CT (2007)

Our previous patient studies have shown that the use of respiration averaged computed tomography (ACT) for attenuation correction of the positron emission tomography (PET) data from PET/CT reduces the potential misalignment in the thorax region by matching the temporal resolution of the CT to that of the PET. In the present work, we investigated other approaches of acquiring ACT in order to reduce the CT dose and to improve the ease of clinical implementation. Four-dimensional CT (4DCT) data sets for ten patients (17 lung/esophageal tumors) were acquired in the thoracic region immediately after the routine PET/CT scan. For each patient, multiple sets of ACTs were generated based on both phase image averaging (phase approach) and fixed cine duration image averaging (cine approach). In the phase approach, the ACTs were calculated from CT images corresponding to the significant phases of the respiratory cycle: ACT(050phs) from end-inspiration (0%) and end-expiration (50%), ACT(2070phs) from mid-inspiration (20%) and mid-expiration (70%), ACT(4phs) from 0%, 20%, 50% and 70%, and ACT(10phs) from all ten phases, which was the original approach. In the cine approach, which does not require 4DCT, the ACTs were calculated based on the cine images from cine durations of 1 to 6 s at 1 s increments. PET emission data for each patient were attenuation corrected with each of the above mentioned ACTs and the tumor maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), average SUV (SUVavg), and tumor volume measurements were compared. Percent differences were calculated between PET data corrected with various ACTs and that corrected with ACT(10phs). In the phase approach, the ACT(10phs) can be approximated by the ACT(4phs) to within a mean percent difference of 2% in SUV and tumor volume measurements. In cine approach, ACT(10phs) can be approximated to within a mean percent difference of 3% by ACTs computed from cine durations > or =3 s. Acquiring CT images only at the four significant phases for the ACT can reduce radiation dose to 1/3 of the current 4DCT dose; however, the implementation of this approach requires additional hardware that is not standard equipment on PET/CT scanners. In the cine approach, we recommend a duration of 6 +/- 1 s in order to include variations of respiratory patterns in a larger population. This approach can be easily implemented because cine acquisition mode is available on all GE PET/CT scanners. The CT dose in the cine approach can be reduced to approximately 5 mGy by using the lowest mA setting (10 mA), while still maintaining good quality CT data for PET attenuation correction. In our scanning protocol, the ACT is only acquired if respiration-induced misregistration is observed (determined before the PET scan is completed), and therefore patients do not receive unnecessary CT radiation dose.
Production and properties of rapeseed albumin (2015)

Rapeseed is one of the main sources of vegetable proteins worldwide. After oil extraction the protein enriched rapeseed meal is used as it is exclusively for animal feeding, having a low added value. This Special Feature describes a novel technology to produce pure rapeseed proteins. The purification scheme consists of gentle oilseed processing, aqueous protein extraction, precipitation of cruciferin and expanded bed adsorption ion exchange chromatography for isolation of pure napin. The purity of the resulting napin is >98%, and the purity of cruciferin is >95%. With the same methodology but appropriately modified process conditions a defined protein mix consisting of about 56–57% napin and 43–44% cruciferin is obtained. In comparison with egg albumin, the functional properties of napin showed better (for thermal stability) or comparable properties (for solubility, film formation, emulsion stability) and thus napin could replace animal albumins in various applications. Cruciferin and the blend with napin possess excellent foaming properties.
Hygroscopicity evaluation of halide scintillators (2013)

A collaborative study of relative hygroscopicity of anhydrous halide scintillators grown at various laboratories is presented. We have developed a technique to evaluate moisture sensitivity of both raw materials and grown crystals, in which the moisture absorption rate is measured using a gravimetric analysis. Degradation of the scintillation performance was investigated by recording gamma-ray spectra and monitoring the photopeak position, count rate and energy resolution. The accompanying physical degradation of the samples exposed to ambient atmosphere was photographically recorded as well. The results were compared with benchmark commercial scintillators such as NaI:Tl and LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce.
Device and technique for transurethral ultrasonic lithotripsy using a flexible ureteroscope (1991)

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DNA-based diagnostic tests for Salmonella species targeting agfA, the structural gene for thin, aggregative fimbriae (1993)

Salmonella enteritidis 27655-3b and a few diarrheagenic Escherichia coli strains produce morphologically and antigenically related, thin, aggregative fimbriae, collectively named GVVPQ fimbriae (S. K. Collinson, L. Emödy, T. J. Trust, and W. W. Kay, J. Bacteriol. 174:4490-4495, 1992). To determine whether GVVPQ fimbriae are common to Salmonella spp. and other enteropathogenic members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, 113 isolates were phenotypically screened for Congo red binding and aggregative colony morphology. Presumptive positive and representative negative strains were examined by Western blotting (immunoblotting) by using antiserum to SEF 17, the native GVVPQ fimbria of S. enteritidis. Only four S. enteritidis strains and six E. coli isolates possessed substantial amounts of GVVPQ fimbriae after 24 h of incubation on T medium. Following 5 days of incubation, 56 of 93 Salmonella isolates (60%) and 1 of 7 additional E. coli clinical isolates possessed detectable levels of GVVPQ fimbriae. Since variable expression of GVVPQ fimbriae was observed among Salmonella isolates and some E. coli strains produced scant amounts, as revealed by immunoelectron microscopy, the ability to produce these fimbriae was evaluated by genotypic screening. The structural gene for the SEF 17 fimbrin, agfA, was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced to provide a characterized DNA probe. An agfA DNA fragment hybridized strongly to 603 of 604 (99.8%) Salmonella isolates but very weakly to 31 of 266 other members of the family Enterobacteriaceae including 26 of 137 E. coli strains, 3 of 14 Citrobacter spp., and single isolates of Shigella sonnei and Enterobacter cloacae. The agfA DNA probe proved to be a valuable diagnostic tool for Salmonella isolates arrayed on hydrophobic grid membrane filters. Unique agfA sequences were targeted in the development of a polymerase chain reaction assay specific for Salmonella spp.
An active spectrometer (1999)

This article describes a new type of correlation spectrometer, dubbed an “active spectrometer.” It utilizes an oscillating mirror in a 1/4-m-Rowland circle spectrometer configuration to displace the spectrum periodically in the dispersion direction relative to fixed exit slits. The wavelength of the light passing through each slit is modulated sinusoidally at the mechanical oscillation frequency and its intensity is measured with a spot detector such as a photomultiplier or photodiode. With a PC-based control/data acquisition system, the signal from each detector is sampled digitally at a frequency constrained to be an integral multiple of the mirror drive frequency. From the resultant phase locking between the signal sampling and the mirror oscillation, it follows that the correlation function between the signal and mirror phase angle is obtained simply by averaging the data from successive mirror scans. Such a scan-averaged spectrum with low noise may then be compared with digitally stored reference spectra obtained through the same instrument. ac coupling of detector and amplifier results in rejection of continuum light and, when photodiodes are used as detectors, the maximization of preamplifier gain.
Design of linear and efficient power amplifiers by generalization of the Doherty theory (2017)

The Doherty power amplifier (PA) is now established as one the most widely adopted architectures for enhancement of energy efficiency in wireless communication transmitters. More than 80 years after its invention, most of today's implementations still rely on the original circuit topology. This paper describes a new Doherty solution continuum that is revealed when the original λ/4 combiner is replaced by a generic, analytically derived, lossless combiner network. As a result, novel Doherty PA solutions that in practice are both more efficient and more linear are enabled. A variety of practical design examples are included to illustrate how the presented techniques can enable enhanced performance in both traditional and emerging mm-wave 5G wireless communication transmitter applications.
Phthalonitrile‐carbon fiber composites (1996)

Abstract Phthalonitrile polymers offer promise as matrix materials for advanced composite applications. The phthalonitrile monomer is readily converted to a highly crosslinked thermosetting polymer in the presence of thermally stable organic amine catalysts. Rheometric studies were conducted to elucidate the optimum amine concentration for composite formulations. High quality composite panels were processed in an autoclave using unsized IM7 carbon fibers. Mechanical properties of the phthalonitrile/carbon composite are either better than or comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art PMR‐15 composites. Dynamic mechanical analysis reveal that samples postcured at elevated temperatures (375°C) do not exhibit a glass transition temperature up to 450°C and also retain °90% of their initial modulus at 450°C. Flame resistance of phthalonitrile/carbon composites, evaluated by cone calorimetric studies, excels over that of other polymeric composites for marine applications. The composites also show low water uptake, <1% after exposure to water for 16 months.
The antigenic relatedness of proteins from human and simian prostate fluid (1985)

Two-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of human prostate fluid reveals an abundant protein migrating to a molecular weight of 15 kD and an isoelectric point of 5.5. Polyclonal antibodies were raised specifically to microgram quantities of electrophoresed, excised, and eluted PSP15 (prostate secretory protein). Western immunoblot analysis using these antibodies showed they not only react to PSP15, but cross-react with simian prostate and human seminal fluid proteins of similar molecular weights. Two-dimensional gel immunoblots strongly suggest that the seminal protein and PSP15 are the same, thereby providing a more accessible source of the protein. The antibody to the human PSP15 cross-reacted with neither prostate fluid from the ventral lobe of the rat prostate nor the prostate fluid from the beagle dog.
Analysis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectra Using Phase Angle Symmetry Across Log Frequency (2020)

A new method for analysis of the impedance behavior of electrochemical impedance circuits (or, in general, the Transfer Function for input-output systems) has been developed which utilizes the symmetry of the phase angle response and its derivative with the Log of the frequency to determine the value of the equivalent circuit elements. In addition, because of this symmetry, the lower frequency half of the impedance response over Log frequency can be calculated based only on information from the upper-half frequency response. The underlying analytical basis for the symmetry of the phase angle and the methods for applying this analysis are presented. Analysis of simple R-C circuits, Randle circuits and Constant Phase Element (CPE)-Randles are presented to derive the symmetric functions for these commonly used circuits. Experimental Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) data focused on CoCrMo alloy performance in physiologically representative solutions were collected, analyzed using the described method and compared to standard non-linear least squares fitting. Excellent correlation between the analytical equations and experimental data was obtained. A substantial advantage of this approach is that it only requires knowledge of the high frequency-based response to predict the behavior in the low frequency range. Thus, determining the low frequency behavior requires capturing the high frequency impedance in a few seconds rather than in what had, until now, required up to many hours of experimental effort to obtain. Although the mathematical approach presented here is focused on corrosion parameters, it is applicable to other Transfer Function analyses that include dielectric constants, complex modulus and others.
An Observer-based On-line Electrolytic Capacitor Health Monitoring System (2017)

This work presents a cost-motivated method for reliability health monitoring of an electrolytic capacitor. The monitoring system uses a combination of analogue and digital electronics to optimize the cost. The capacitor aging is detected by on-line and in-situ detection of the evolution of the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) which is the most reliable ageing indicator. The algorithm uses waveforms naturally present in the power electronic train and thus the condition monitoring can be performed continuously and without interruption of the industrial process. The monitoring method estimates the ESR by adjusting a capacitor model that emulates the monitored capacitor. The limitation in accuracy of the estimation has no significant influence on the lifetime determination. The principle of the method is explained, along with the design tradeoffs and the monitoring procedure is described in detail. The paper also presents the experimental results obtained from a prototype during accelerated in-situ/inverter ageing tests.
Multiplexed DNA Sequencing and Diagnostics by Hybridization with Enriched Stable Isotope Labels (1997)

A new DNA diagnostic and sequencing system has been developed that uses time-of-flight resonance ionization mass spectrometry (TOF-RIMS) to provide a rapid method of analyzing stable isotope-labeled oligonucleotides in form 1 sequencing by hybridization (SBH). With form 1, the DNA is immobilized on a nylon membrane and enriched isotope-labeled individual oligonucleotide probes are free to seek out complementary DNAs during hybridization. The major advantage of this new approach is that multiple oligonucleotides can be labeled with different enriched isotopes and can all be simultaneously hybridized to the genosensor matrix. The probes can then be simultaneously detected with TOF-RIMS with high selectivity, sensitivity, and efficiency. By using isotopically enriched tin labels, up to 10 labeled oligonucleotides could be examined in a single hybridization to the DNA matrix. Greater numbers of labels are available if rare earth isotopes are employed. In the present study, matrices containing three different DNAs were prepared and simultaneously hybridized with two different probes under a variety of conditions. The results show that DNAs, immobilized on nylon surfaces, can be specifically hybridized to probes labeled with different enriched in isotopes. Discrimination between complementary and noncomplementary sites of better than 100 was obtained in multiplexed samples. This new SBH method, which employs stable isotopic labels to locate target DNAs and TOF-RIMS to detect the labels, will be a very versatile and extensive multiplexing method.
Diastereoselective Allylation and Crotylation of N‐Unsubstituted Imines Derived from Ketones. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cache-induced opportunistic MIMO cooperation: A new paradigm for future wireless content access networks (2014)

Advanced interference mitigation techniques such as cooperative MIMO (CoMP) have been proposed to improve the spectral efficiency of future 5G wireless networks. However, conventional CoMP is quite costly because it requires high capacity backhaul for payload exchange between the BSs. In this paper, we propose a novel solution framework of cache-induced opportunistic CoMP to achieve the CoMP gain for multimedia streaming applications without expensive backhaul. Specifically, by caching a portion of the media files, the base stations (BS) opportunistically employ CoMP to transform the cross-link interference into spatial multiplexing gain. We study a mixed-timescale optimization of (short timescale) MIMO precoding and (long timescale) cache control to minimize the transmit power under the QoS constraint. By exploiting the timescale separations of the optimization variables, we derive low complexity multi-timescale solution for the MIMO precoding and cache control. The solution has significant gains over various baselines.
Electron beams in individual column cells of multicolumn cell system (2008)

In the Mask D2I project at ASET, the authors designed a novel electron beam exposure system having the concepts of multicolumn cell (MCC), character projection, and variable shaped beam to improve the throughput of electron beam exposure systems. They presented the electron optical structure of an individual column cell in the MCC and have shown shaped beam performances in the column cell. They evaluated the impacts on beam position in one column cell caused by deflections of major and minor deflectors in other column cell, which were less than 2.5nm for both averaged and transitional impacts between +full and −full deflections. They will improve the evaluation accuracy to analyze the origin of the impacts and decrease the impacts from other column cell.
CMVpp65 Vaccine Enhances the Antitumor Efficacy of Adoptively Transferred CD19-Redirected CMV-Specific T Cells (2015)

We have redirected CMV-specific T cells to recognize and lyse tumor cells via CD19CARs, while maintaining their ability to proliferate in response to CMV antigen stimulation. These results illustrate the clinical applications of CMV vaccine to augment the antitumor activity of adoptively transferred CD19CAR T cells in patients with B-cell malignancies.
Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells may induce T-cell anergy to alloantigen (1996)

Even if neoplastic cells express tumor associated antigens they still may fail to function as antigen presenting cells (APC) if they lack expression of one or more molecules critical for the induction of productive immunity. These cellular defects can be repaired by physiologic activation, transfection, or fusion of tumor cells with professional APC. Although such defects can be repaired, antitumor specific T cells may still fail to respond in vivo if they may have been tolerized. Here, human pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (pre-B ALL) was used as a model to determine if primary human tumor cells can function as alloantigen presenting cells (alloAPC) or alternatively whether they induce anergy. In the present report, we show that pre-B cell ALL express alloantigen and adhesion molecules but uniformly lack B7-1 (CD80) and only a subset express B7-2 (CD86). Pre-B ALL cells are inefficient or ineffective alloAPC and those cases that lack expression of B7-1 and B7-2 also induce alloantigen specific T-cell unresponsiveness. Under these circumstances, T-cell unresponsiveness could be prevented by physiologic activation of tumor cells via CD40, cross-linking CD28, or signaling through the common gamma chain of the interleukin-2 receptor on T cells. Taken together, these results suggest that pre-B ALL may be incapable of inducing clinically significant T-cell-mediated antileukemia responses. This defect may be not only due to their inability to function as APC, but also due to their potential to induce tolerance. Attempts to induce clinically significant antitumor immune responses may then require not only mechanisms to repair the antigen presenting capacity of the tumor cells, but also reversal of tolerance.
Active polarization coupler for birefringent fiber (1984)

Static coupling between polarization modes achieved by periodically stressing birefringent fiber once per beat length was recently reported. The same scheme is now used to obtain coupling modulation at kilohertz-to-megahertz frequencies by applying pressure to the fiber with an oscillating piezoelectric ceramic. An amplitude of 30-50 V (peak to peak) was found to be necessary to modulate the polarization coupling from a minimum to a maximum. Polarization modulation is also achieved by applying stress along one fiber polarization axis between the two static couplers of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Multilevel diffractive elements for generalized wavefront shaping (1996)

A new approach to designing computer-generated multilevel diffractive elements, in which the phase and the amplitude of the output wavefront can be controlled independently, is presented. In this ap- proach the diffraction efficiency of the elements can be arbitrarily con- trolled to reach 100% efficiency over the entire element. The approach is based on varying the local diffraction efficiency by changing the width and the number of levels in every period. To reduce complexity, an al- gorithm for designing the element with the least number of levels and masks is developed. This design algorithm determines the needed mask parameters in which compensation for distortions introduced by the litho- graphic recording of the element are taken into account. Calculated and experimental investigations that confirm the new design approach are presented. © 1996 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Molecular and biochemical characterization of two P450 enzymes in the ecdysteroidogenic pathway of <i>Drosophila</i> <i>melanogaster</i> (2002)

Five different enzymatic activities, catalyzed by both microsomal and mitochondrial cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), are strongly implicated in the biosynthesis of ecdysone (E) from cholesterol. However, none of these enzymes have been characterized completely. The present data show that the wild-type genes of two members of the Halloween family of embryonic lethals, disembodied (dib) and shadow (sad), code for mitochondrial cytochromes P450 that mediate the last two hydroxylation reactions in the ecdysteroidogenic pathway in Drosophila, namely the C22- and C2-hydroxylases. When sad (CYP315A1) is transfected into Drosophila S2 cells, the cells metabolize 2-deoxyecdysone (2dE) to E and the [3H]ketotriol (2,22-dideoxyecdysone) to 22-deoxyecdysone. In contrast, dib (CYP302A1) is responsible for the conversion of the [3H]ketotriol to [3H]2dE. When cells are transfected with both dib and sad, they metabolize the [3H]ketotriol to [3H]E in high yield. The expression of sad and dib is concentrated within the individual segments of the developing epidermis when there is a surge of ecdysteroid midway through embryogenesis. This result occurs before the ring gland has developed and suggests that the embryonic epidermis is a site of ecdysteroid biosynthesis. This pattern then diminishes, and, during late embryogenesis, expression of both genes is concentrated in the prothoracic gland cells of the developing ring gland. Expression of dib and sad continues to be localized in this endocrine compartment during larval development, being maximal in both the late second and third instar larvae, about the time of the premolt peaks in the ecdysteroid titer.