gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Olfactory Sensory Neuron Line,<i>Odora</i>, Properly Targets Olfactory Proteins and Responds to Odorants (1999)

The site for interactions between the nervous system and much of the chemical world is in the olfactory sensory neuron (OSN). Odorant receptor proteins (ORPs) are postulated to mediate these interactions. However, the function of most ORPs has not been demonstrated in vivo or in vitro. For this and other reasons, we created a conditionally immortalized cell line derived from the OSN lineage, which we term odora. Odora cells, under control conditions, are phenotypically similar to the OSN progenitor, the globose basal cell. After differentiation, odora cells more closely resemble OSNs. Differentiated odora cells express neuronal and olfactory markers, including components of the olfactory signal transduction pathway. Unlike other cell lines, they also efficiently target exogenous ORPs to their surface. Strikingly, differentiated odora cells expressing ORPs respond to odorants, as measured by an influx of calcium. In particular, cells expressing one ORP demonstrate a specific response to only one type of tested odorant. Odora cells, therefore, are ideal models to examine the genesis and function of olfactory sensory neurons.
Effects of Essential Oils from Plants on Growth of Food Spoilage Yeasts (1984)

ABSTRACT Thirty‐two essential oils from plants were screened for inhibitory effects on 13 food‐spoilage and industrial yeasts. Of these, essential oils of allspice, cinnamon, clove, garlic, onion, oregano, savory, and thyme were most inhibitory. Oils were subsequently tested for their effects on biomass production and pseudomycelium formation of eight genera of yeasts. Garlic oil was a potent inhibitor of yeast growth at concentrations as low as 25 ppm. The oils of onion, oregano and thyme were also strongly inhibitory. Essential oils (100 ppm) had no effect on pseudomycelium production by Candida lipolytica . However, all eight essential oils delayed pseudomycelium formation by Hansenula anomala , whereas six oils stimulated pseudomycelium production by Lodderomyces elongisporus . Cinnamon and clove oils were clearly stimulatory to pseudomycelium production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae .
Adaptive Streaming in Interactive Multiview Video Systems (2018)

Multiview applications endow final users with the possibility to freely navigate within 3D scenes with minimum-delay. A real feeling of scene navigation is enabled by transmitting multiple high-quality camera views, which can be used to synthesize additional virtual views to offer a smooth navigation. However, when network resources are limited, not all camera views can be sent at high quality. It is therefore important, yet challenging, to find the right tradeoff between coding artifacts (reducing the quality of camera views) and virtual synthesis artifacts (reducing the number of camera views sent to users). To this aim, we propose an optimal transmission strategy for interactive multiview HTTP adaptive streaming. We propose a problem formulation to select the optimal set of camera views that the client requests for downloading, such that the navigation quality experienced by the user is optimized while the bandwidth constraints are satisfied. We show that our optimization problem is NP-hard, and we therefore develop an optimal solution based on the dynamic programming algorithm with polynomial time complexity. To further simplify the deployment, we present a suboptimal greedy algorithm with effective performance and lower complexity. The proposed controller is evaluated in theoretical and realistic settings characterized by realistic network statistics estimation, buffer management, and server-side representation optimization. Simulation results show significant improvement in terms of navigation quality compared with alternative baseline multiview adaptation logic solutions.
A High-Performance Curing System for Halobutyl Elastomers (1987)

Abstract 1. In halobutyl elastomers, zinc oxide interacts synergistically with aromatic amine antioxidants such as APDA 86, DPPD, or DNPD, to produce fast, tight cures. 2. In the case of DNPD, compound storage stability appears to be satisfactory, and the resistance to scorch at processing temperatures is ample. 3. The cure behavior of these systems, particularly in bromobutyl, is exceptionally favorable: a rapid rise to a remarkably flat plateau. 4. The vulcanizates exhibit excellent thermal stability (compression set) and excellent ozone resistance. Measurable elastic properties are retained following 72 h air aging at 200°C.
Deconvolution of the particle size distribution of ProRoot MTA and MTA Angelus (2016)

<b>Objective</b> Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements contain two types of particles, namely Portland cement (PC) (nominally 80% w/w) and bismuth oxide (BO) (20%). This study aims to determine the particle size distribution (PSD) of PC and BO found in MTA. <b>Materials and methods</b> The PSDs of ProRoot MTA (MTA-P) and MTA Angelus (MTA-A) powder were determined using laser diffraction, and compared to samples of PC (at three different particle sizes) and BO. The non-linear least squares method was used to deconvolute the PSDs into the constituents. MTA-P and MTA-A powders were also assessed with scanning electron microscopy. <b>Results</b> BO showed a near Gaussian distribution for particle size, with a mode distribution peak at 10.48 μm. PC samples milled to differing degrees of fineness had mode distribution peaks from 19.31 down to 4.88 μm. MTA-P had a complex PSD composed of both fine and large PC particles, with BO at an intermediate size, whereas MTA-A had only small BO particles and large PC particles. <b>Conclusions</b> The PSD of MTA cement products is bimodal or more complex, which has implications for understanding how particle size influences the overall properties of the material. Smaller particles may be reactive PC or unreactive radiopaque agent. Manufacturers should disclose particle size information for PC and radiopaque agents to prevent simplistic conclusions being drawn from statements of average particle size for MTA materials.
Abnormalities of the Inactive X Chromosome Are a Common Feature of BRCA1 Mutant and Sporadic Basal-like Breast Cancer (2005)

As a clinical entity, breast cancer appears to be a series of subforms, each with a relatively specific molecular phenotype. Among the characteristics that differentiate these subforms are sex hormone receptor expression, HER2 expression, p53 mutation, high-grade histopathology, and particular gene expression array patterns. Sporadic basal-like breast cancer is one such form. It is a relatively common, high-grade, hormone receptor and HER2-expression-negative, p53 mutation-bearing tumor and is particularly lethal. Although wild type for BRCA1, it is a sporadic phenocopy of most cases of BRCA1(/) breast cancer. Not only do the cells of the two tumors resemble one another with respect to the above-noted characteristics, they also share a defect in the maintenance of an intact, inactive X chromosome (Xi). Other high-grade and most low-grade tumors are rarely defective at Xi. This evidence suggests that an Xi defect contributes to the evolution of both sporadic and BRCA1(/) basal-like breast tumors.
Thermal analysis of heterogeneous 3D ICs with various integration scenarios (2002)

Presents detailed thermal analysis of high performance three dimensional (3D) ICs under various integration schemes. The model incorporates the effect of vias and power consumption due to both devices in active layers and interconnect joule heating. The results show excellent agreement with the 3D finite element simulations using ANSYS. It is shown that under certain scenarios, 3D ICs can actually lead to better thermal performance than planar (2D) ICs. With the effect of vias, as efficient heat dissipation paths, taken into account, our model provides more realistic temperature rise estimation for 3D ICs. Furthermore, tradeoffs among power, performance, chip real estate and thermal impact for 3D ICs is evaluated. Finally, the thermal influence from incorporating RF circuits and optical interconnect on 3D ICs has been discussed.
Hydrogen passivation of deep levels in n–GaN (2000)

Differential postgrowth hydrogen passivation of deep levels in n–GaN grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition has been directly observed by means of both deep level transient spectroscopy and deep level optical spectroscopy. Two deep levels found at Ec−Et=0.62 and 1.35 eV show strong H passivation effects, with their concentrations decreasing by a factor of ⩾30 and ∼14, respectively. The decrease in the 0.62 eV trap concentration together with its correlation with the presence of Mg in n–GaN is consistent with Mg–H complex formation. A band of closely spaced deep levels observed at Ec−Et=2.64–2.80 eV narrows to Ec−Et=2.74–2.80 eV after hydrogenation, consistent with hydrogen complexing with VGa3− defects as anticipated by earlier theoretical results. Finally, a deep level at Ec−Et=3.22 eV likely related to background acceptors remains unaffected by hydrogen.
Translation affects mRNA stability in a codon-dependent manner in human cells (2019)

mRNA translation decodes nucleotide into amino acid sequences. However, translation has also been shown to affect mRNA stability depending on codon composition in model organisms, although universality of this mechanism remains unclear. Here, using three independent approaches to measure exogenous and endogenous mRNA decay, we define which codons are associated with stable or unstable mRNAs in human cells. We demonstrate that the regulatory information affecting mRNA stability is encoded in codons and not in nucleotides. Stabilizing codons tend to be associated with higher tRNA levels and higher charged/total tRNA ratios. While mRNAs enriched in destabilizing codons tend to possess shorter poly(A)-tails, the poly(A)-tail is not required for the codon-mediated mRNA stability. This mechanism depends on translation; however, the number of ribosome loads into a mRNA modulates the codon-mediated effects on gene expression. This work provides definitive evidence that translation strongly affects mRNA stability in a codon-dependent manner in human cells.
Context-Dependent Testing of Applications for Mobile Devices (2015)

Applications propel the versatility of mobile devices. Apps enable the realization of new ideas and greatly contribute to the proliferation of mobile computing. Unfortunately, software quality of apps often is low. This at least partly can be attributed to problems with testing them. However, it is not a lack of techniques or tools that make app testing cumbersome. Rather, frequent context changes have to be dealt with. Mobile devices most notably move: network parameters such as latency and usable bandwidth change, along with data read from sensors such as GPS coordinates. Additionally, usage patterns vary. To address context changes in testing, we propose a novel concept. It is based on identifying blocks of code between which context changes are possible. It helps to greatly reduce complexity. Besides introducing our concept, we present a use case, show its application and benefits, and discuss challenges.
I confini d’Italia. Geografie della nazione dall’Unità alla Grande Guerra (2014)

L’immagine dell’Italia che abbiamo imparato a conoscere dalle carte geografiche, dai testi scientifici o divulgativi e dallo studio scolastico delle regioni è il risultato di un lungo processo concettuale e territoriale.\nLa Geografia ha contribuito a definire il territorio dello stato e a convogliare il sentimento patrio sia con l’elaborazione di specifici concetti spaziali che attraverso le mappe, strumenti di grande valore strategico, didattico e propagandistico. L’apporto dei geografi è risultato cruciale nel processo di consolidamento e allargamento dell’orizzonte nazionale in concomitanza con le guerre e le campagne coloniali che hanno interessato la storia contemporanea d’Europa e d’Italia.\n\nI confini d’Italia ricostruisce il contributo delle scienze geografiche alla causa della nazione e colma un significativo vuoto della storiografia sugli anni cruciali successivi all’Unità e fino al primo Dopoguerra. Terre irredente, colonie, regioni di confine sono gli ambiti di indagine esplorati dai geografi per definire dall’interno e dall’esterno lo spazio fisico e culturale dello stato-nazione. I protagonisti di questa fase storica, come Giovanni e Olinto Marinelli, Cesare Battisti e Ettore Tolomei, sono indagati sulla base del contesto formativo, dell’approccio teorico e metodologico, della produzione scientifica e dei mezzi di divulgazione. La cartografia rappresenta il cuore della riflessione, interpretata quale strumento mediatico per l’educazione e la propaganda.
Collateral Circulation Imaging: MR Perfusion Territory Arterial Spin-Labeling at 3T (2008)

In patients with ICA or MCA stenosis, VE-ASL could show the presence, the origin, and distal function of collateral flow noninvasively.
Assessment of Intranasal Midazolam Administration with a Dose of 0.5 mg/ Kg in Behavior Management of Uncooperative Children (2007)

this drug is effective in sedation and reduction of the anxiety of children under treatment.
Peptides derived from a sequence within beta 3 integrin bind to platelet alpha IIb beta 3 (GPIIb-IIIa) and inhibit ligand binding. (1993)

Peptides derived from a sequence within the loop structure of human platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIIa (integrin beta 3) were previously shown to inhibit fibrinogen binding to purified GPIIb-IIIa. In this study a series of peptides based on the GPIIIa sequence 211-221 (SVSRNRDAPEG) was synthesized. The most active peptide was determined to be RNRDA, and its inhibitory potency was 4-fold greater (IC50 = 4.8 microM) than that of SVSRNRDAPEG. These GPIIIa peptides also inhibited the binding of two monoclonal antibodies, pl-55 and PAC-1, which are directed against the activated conformer of GPIIb-IIIa. To determine whether these peptides bound directly to GPIIb-IIIa, an affinity matrix was prepared by coupling RNRDAPEGC to Sepharose. Fibrinogen or purified GPIIb-IIIa was applied to the affinity column. Only GPIIb-IIIa was retained on the column, and it could be specifically eluted by GPIIIa peptide or RGDV but not by an irrelevant peptide. Additionally, we observed that the binding of GPIIIa peptides to purified GPIIb-IIIa induced exposure of a neoepitope on GPIIb that was recognized by the monoclonal antibody pl-80. These data suggest that sequences within the loop structure of GPIIIa can interact with the ligand binding domain of GPIIb-IIIa. Thus, this GPIIIa domain may be involved in regulating the accessibility of ligands to GPIIb-IIIa following platelet activation.
A prophage tail-like protein is deployed by Burkholderia bacteria to feed on fungi (2017)

Some bacteria can feed on fungi, a phenomenon known as mycophagy. Here we show that a prophage tail-like protein (Bg_9562) is essential for mycophagy in Burkholderia gladioli strain NGJ1. The purified protein causes hyphal disintegration and inhibits growth of several fungal species. Disruption of the Bg_9562 gene abolishes mycophagy. Bg_9562 is a potential effector secreted by a type III secretion system (T3SS) and is translocated into fungal mycelia during confrontation. Heterologous expression of Bg_9562 in another bacterial species, Ralstonia solanacearum, confers mycophagous ability in a T3SS-dependent manner. We propose that the ability to feed on fungi conferred by Bg_9562 may help the bacteria to survive in certain ecological niches. Furthermore, considering its broad-spectrum antifungal activity, the protein may be potentially useful in biotechnological applications to control fungal diseases.Some bacteria can feed on live fungi through unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors show that a T3SS-secreted protein, which is homologous to phage tail proteins, allows a Burkholderia gladioli strain to kill and feed on various fungal species.
Motion Planning as Probabilistic Inference using Gaussian Processes and Factor Graphs (2016)

With the increased use of high degree-of-freedom robots that must perform tasks in real-time, there is a need for fast algorithms for motion planning.In this work, we view motion planning from a probabilistic perspective.We consider smooth continuous-time trajectories as samples from a Gaussian process (GP) and formulate the planning problem as probabilistic inference.We use factor graphs and numerical optimization to perform inference quickly, and we show how GP interpolation can further increase the speed of the algorithm.Our framework also allows us to incrementally update the solution of the planning problem to contend with changing conditions.We benchmark our algorithm against several recent trajectory optimization algorithms on planning problems in multiple environments.Our evaluation reveals that our approach is several times faster than previous algorithms while retaining robustness.Finally, we demonstrate the incremental version of our algorithm on replanning problems, and show that it often can find successful solutions in a fraction of the time required to replan from scratch.
36. 1er octobre 1883 : Arrêté fixant un examen pour l'obtention de la prime de connaissance de la langue française accordée aux indigènes d'Algérie (1995)

Ferry Jules. 36. 1er octobre 1883 : Arrêté fixant un examen pour l'obtention de la prime de connaissance de la langue française accordée aux indigènes d'Algérie. In: L'enseignement du Français à l'école primaire – Textes officiels. Tome 2 : 1880-1939. Paris : Institut national de recherche pédagogique, 1995. pp. 114-115. (Bibliothèque de l'Histoire de l'Education, 5)
The zoom function (2020)

Since 2015, a visitor to the Eden Project, a botanical garden in Cornwall, UK, may have come across Anna Dumitriu and Alex May’s interactive installation, The Human Super-Organism (pictured on the ...
Recent Developments of Spintronics Device Technologies Based on Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with Magnesium Oxide Tunnel Barrier (2013)

A magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) consisting of a thin insulating layer (a tunnel barrier) sandwiched between two ferromagnetic electrodes exhibits the tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect due to spin-dependent electron tunneling. Since the discovery of room-temperature TMR in the mid-1990s, MTJs with an amorphous aluminum oxide (Al-O) tunnel barrier have been studied extensively. Such MTJs exhibit a magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of several tens of percent at room temperature and have been applied to magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) and the read heads of hard disk drives. MTJs with MR ratios substantially higher than 100%, however, are desired for next-generation spintronic devices. In 2001, first-principle theories predicted that the MR ratios of epitaxial Fe/MgO/Fe MTJs with a crystalline MgO(001) barrier would be over 1000% due to the coherent tunneling of specific Bloch states. In 2004, MR ratios of about 200% were obtained for MgO-based MTJs. MTJs with a CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB structure were developed for practical application and found to have MR ratios of above 200% and other practical properties. This article reviews the physics of magnetoresistance in MTJs and the application of MTJs to various spintronic devices such as magnetic sensors, spin-transfer-torque MRAM with perpendicular magnetization, and novel microwave devices.
A phase II study of vorinostat (<scp>MK</scp>‐0683) in patients with polycythaemia vera and essential thrombocythaemia (2013)

Inhibition of histone deacetylases may be an important target in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms. This investigator-initiated, non-randomized, open-label phase II multi-centre study included 63 patients (19 essential thrombocythaemia, 44 polycythaemia vera) from 15 centres. The primary objective was to evaluate if vorinostat was followed by a decline in clonal myeloproliferation as defined by European Leukaemia Net. Thirty patients (48%) completed the intervention period (24 weeks of therapy). An intention-to-treat response rate of 35% was identified. Pruritus was resolved [19% to 0% (P = 0·06)] and the prevalence of splenomegaly was lowered from 50% to 27% (P = 0·03). Sixty-five per cent of the patients experienced a decrease in JAK2 V617F allele burden (P = 0·006). Thirty-three patients (52% of patients) discontinued study drug before end of intervention due to adverse events (28 patients) or lack of response (5 patients). In conclusion, vorinostat showed effectiveness by normalizing elevated leucocyte and platelet counts, resolving pruritus and significantly reducing splenomegaly. However, vorinostat was associated with significant side effects resulting in a high discontinuation rate. A lower dose of vorinostat in combination with conventional and/or novel targeted therapies may be warranted in future studies.
Integration of AlN with molybdenum electrodes and sacrificial amorphous silicon release using XeF<sub>2</sub> (2014)

This paper presents a new post-CMOS-compatible integration scheme for AlN-based MEMS devices. The proposed scheme integrates molybdenum (Mo) bottom electrodes with an amorphous silicon (a-Si) sacrificial layer, which is etched using XeF2 to release the MEMS structures. This integration approach faces two potential issues, which are solved in this work: (i) poor adhesion of AlN with a-Si, and (ii) XeF2 attacking the Mo electrode during the removal of the a-Si sacrificial layer. The adhesion problem was solved by introducing a thin oxide layer between a-Si and AlN. The sidewalls of the Mo electrodes were protected by a 0.2 µm thick SiN spacer layer from the XeF2 attack. The robustness of the integration scheme was verified by fabricating an FBAR band pass filter. RF measurements on the FBAR band pass filter show that the proposed integration works well and can be utilized for other AlN-based MEMS devices in post-CMOS applications.
Layout Design for Intelligent Warehouse by Evolution With Fitness Approximation (2019)

With the rapid growth of the express industry, intelligent warehouses that employ autonomous robots for carrying parcels have been widely used to handle the vast express volume. For such warehouses, the warehouse layout design plays a key role in improving transportation efficiency. However, this work is still done by human experts, which is expensive and leads to suboptimal results. In this paper, we aim to automate the warehouse layout designing process. We propose a two-layer evolutionary algorithm to efficiently explore the warehouse layout space, where an auxiliary objective fitness approximation model is introduced to predict the outcome of the designed warehouse layout and a two-layer population structure is proposed to incorporate the approximation model into the ordinary evolution framework. Empirical experiments show that our method can efficiently design effective warehouse layouts that outperform both heuristic-designed and vanilla evolution-designed warehouse layouts.