gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heteropolyanion‐Based Ionic Liquids: Reaction‐Induced Self‐Separation Catalysts for Esterification (2008)

It comes out in the wash: In the esterification of citric acid with n-butanol, heteropolyanion-based ionic liquid (IL) catalysts show high catalytic activity, self-separation, and easy reuse. The good solubility in reactants, nonmiscibility with ester product, and high melting point of the IL catalysts enable the reaction-induced switching from homogeneous (b in the picture) to heterogeneous (c) with subsequent precipitation of the catalyst (d). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Balance between Cell Division and Endoreplication Depends on E2FC-DPB, Transcription Factors Regulated by the Ubiquitin-SCFSKP2A Pathway in<i>Arabidopsis</i> (2006)

Abstract The balance between cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation needed to maintain the organogenetic program depends on the coordination of gene expression, posttranslational modification, and specific proteolysis of cell cycle regulators. The G1/S and G2/M transitions are critical checkpoints controlled, in part, by cyclin-dependent kinases in the retinoblastoma (RBR)/E2F/DP pathway. Arabidopsis thaliana DPB is regulated by phosphorylation and targeted to proteasome-mediated proteolysis by the SCFSKP2A complex. In addition, DPB interacts in vivo with E2FC, because ectopic coexpression of E2FC and DPB produces severe developmental defects. To understand E2FC/DPB heterodimer function, we analyzed the effect of reducing E2FC mRNA levels with RNA interference. The e2fc-R plants developed organs with more but smaller cells and showed increased cell cycle marker gene expression and increased proliferative activity in developing leaves, meristems, and pericycle cells. This last feature produces plants with more lateral roots, consistent with an E2FC role in restricting lateral root initiation. The e2fc-R plants also show marked reductions in ploidy levels of mature leaves. These results indicate that the transition from cell division to the endocycle is sensitive to different pathways, E2FC/DPB being one of them. Our results show that E2FC/DPB is a key factor in controlling the balance between cell proliferation and the switch to the endocycle program.
Galactosylated Chitosan Oligosaccharide Nanoparticles for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell-Targeted Delivery of Adenosine Triphosphate (2013)

Nanoparticles composed of galactosylated chitosan oligosaccharide (Gal-CSO) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were prepared for hepatocellular carcinoma cell-specific uptake, and the characteristics of Gal-CSO/ATP nanoparticles were evaluated. CSO/ATP nanoparticles were prepared as a control. The average diameter and zeta potential of Gal-CSO/ATP nanoparticles were 51.03 ± 3.26 nm and 30.50 ± 1.25 mV, respectively, suggesting suitable properties for a drug delivery system. Subsequently, the cytotoxicity of Gal-CSO/ATP nanoparticles were examined by the methyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values were calculated with HepG2 (human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line) cells. The results showed that the cytotoxic effect of nanoparticles on HepG2 cells was low. In the meantime, it was also found that the Gal-CSO/ATP nanoparticles could be uptaken by HepG2 cells, due to expression of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R) on their surfaces. The presented results indicate that the Gal-CSO nanoparticles might be very attractive to be used as an intracellular drug delivery carrier for hepatocellular carcinoma cell targeting, thus warranting further in vivo or clinical investigations.
Neuronal expression and subcellular localization of cholesterol 24‐hydroxylase in the mouse brain (2008)

Cholesterol 24-hydroxylase is a cytochrome P450 (CYP46A1) that is selectively expressed in the brain and is responsible for the majority of cholesterol turnover in the central nervous system. Mice deficient in 24-hydroxylase exhibit impaired learning and defective hippocampal long-term potentiation, suggesting that the metabolism of cholesterol by this enzyme is required for learning and memory formation. To determine where in the neuron cholesterol turnover was taking place, monoclonal antibodies directed against 24-hydroxylase were generated by immunization of mice with recombinant protein and used to detect the enzyme in brain homogenates, cultured neurons, and histological sections. 24-Hydroxylase was localized to the endoplasmic reticulum and was distributed throughout the cell bodies and dendrites of multiple types of neurons; the enzyme was not detected in axon terminals or in the cells of 24-hydroxylase knockout mice. 24-Hydroxylase was highly expressed in pyramidal neurons of the hippocampus and cortex, in Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and in hippocampal and cerebellar interneurons. Within the retina, 24-hydroxylase was detected in ganglion cells and some but not all cells of the inner nuclear layer. These findings reveal the microsomal localization of 24-hydroxylase and provide subcellular insight into cholesterol turnover in the brain.
GREEND: An energy consumption dataset of households in Italy and Austria (2014)

Home energy management systems can be used to monitor and optimize consumption and local production from renewable energy. To assess solutions before their deployment, researchers and designers of those systems demand for energy consumption datasets. In this paper, we present the GREEND dataset, containing detailed power usage information obtained through a measurement campaign in households in Austria and Italy. We provide a description of consumption scenarios and discuss design choices for the sensing infrastructure. Finally, we benchmark the dataset with state-of-the-art techniques in load disaggregation, occupancy detection and appliance usage mining.
Quantitative High Pressure Liquid Chromatography of 6-Thioguanine in Biological Fluids (1981)

The determination of 6-thioguanine in human plasma and urine is described. By using isocratic reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) the purine analogues, 6-thioguanine, guanine, 8-azaguanine, allopurinol, oxipurinol, and uric acid, are completely separated within 8 min. the sensitivity of the assay for 6-thioguanine is 0.2 microgram/ml (1.2 x 10(-6) M) with a precision of 3.7%. The applicability for clinical monitoring in a patient's plasma and urine is demonstrated.
High-Performance Low-Cost Dual 15 GHz/30 GHz CMOS LC Voltage-Controlled Oscillator (2016)

A CMOS LC voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) capable of covering both the Ku and Ka bands is presented. The Ku-band frequency source is generated from a low-noise cross-coupled LC VCO. A PMOS push-push frequency doubler, together with the inductor of the low-band LC VCO, is adopted to boost the low Ku-band toward high Ka-band. This proposed VCO is implemented in a standard 0.18 μm CMOS with 1.35 V supply voltage. The dual-band VCO consumes a small active area of 0.49 mm × 0.2 mm and low DC power of 3 mW at both bands. At 1 MHz (10 MHz) offset, the measured output phase noises are -109.30 dBc/Hz (-130.54 dBc/Hz) at 15.126 GHz and -102.33 dBc/Hz (-124.10 dBc/Hz) at 30.251 GHz.
Posttranscriptional Control of Quorum-Sensing-Dependent Virulence Genes by DksA in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2003)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa controls the secretion of extracellular virulence factors, including rhamnolipids and LasB elastase, by the las and rhl quorum-sensing systems. Here, we mutated the dksA gene of P. aeruginosa by insertion of an Omega-Hg cassette. The mutant displayed growth rates similar to that of the wild type in rich medium but was impaired in growth in defined minimal medium. Production of rhamnolipids and LasB elastase by the dksA mutant was only 4 and 10%, respectively, of wild-type levels. These defects could be partially complemented by introduction of the plasmid-encoded dksA genes from P. aeruginosa or Escherichia coli. In the dksA mutant, the expression of rhlI was increased early during exponential growth, but expression of other quorum-sensing regulator genes-lasR, lasI, and rhlR-was not affected. Although the transcription of the lasB and rhlAB genes was comparable between the dksA mutant and the wild-type strain in peptone tryptic soy broth medium, we observed reduced translation of both genes in the dksA mutant. Similarly, we found that full translation of lasB and rhlAB genes in E. coli also requires the dksA gene. DksA is therefore a novel regulator involved in the posttranscriptional control of extracellular virulence factor production in P. aeruginosa.
Solar Blind System- Solar Energy Utilization and Climate Mitigation in Glassed Buildings (2014)

In the past few decades, energy scientists have focused on “renewable energy”, and solar energy in particular. Several technologies are commercialized for utilizing solar energy in the buildings by absorbing solar radiation and converting it to heat and electricity. These technologies can be categorized into the passive and active systems. A special case is a commercial greenhouse, which can be considered a passive solar building. A greenhouse is a structure which is covered by a transparent device such as glass in order to use solar energy while controlling the temperature, humidity and other parameters according to the requirements for cultivation and protection of the particular plants. The cooling demand in the commercial greenhouses is commonly supplied by e.g. ventilation and thermal screen. In the ventilation method a portion of the absorbed solar energy will be lost through ventilation windows and by applying the solar shielding, solar radiation will be blocked. In this study, by considering the solar blind concept as an active system, PVT panels are integrated to absorb the surplus solar heat (instead of blocking) which is then stored in a thermal energy storage for supplying a portion of the greenhouse heating demand at a later time. The overall objective of this study is to assess the potential of cutting external energy demand as well as maximizing solar energy utilization in a commercial greenhouse for Northern climate condition. Thus, a feasibility assessment has been carried out, examining various system configurations with the TRNSYS tool. The results show that the heating demand for a commercial closed greenhouse with solar blind is reduced by 80%, down to 62 kwh/m2 as compared to a conventional configuration. Also the annual total useful heat gain and electricity generation by solar blind in this concept is around 20 kwh/m2 and 80kwh/m2, respectively. The generated electricity can be used for supplying the greenhouse power demand for e.g. artificial lighting and other devices. Moreover, the cooling demand in a closed greenhouse is reduced by 60% by considering the solar blind system.
Modification of Physical and Barrier Properties of Edible Wheat Gluten-Based Films (1993)

Edible films were produced from wheat gluten-based film-forming solutions. One film was produced as a control. Other types came from subjecting control films to three different soaking treatments. Three additional films were also produced by modifying the control film-forming solution. For all films, selected physical properties and permeability to water vapor and oxygen were measured. Comparisons indicated possible ways to improve the control film. All films were good oxygen barriers but limited water vapor barriers. Films containing hydrolyzed keratin had lower oxygen permeability (83%) and lower water vapor permeability (23%). Films containing mineral oil had lower water vapor permeability (25%). Films soaked in calcium chloride solution and in buffer solution at the isoelectric point of wheat gluten had higher tensile strength (47 and 9%, respectively) and lower water vapor permeability (14% and 13%, respectively). Addition of a reducing agent increased tensile strength (14%). Soaking in lactic acid solution did not improve the standard film properties.
Itraconazole: Pharmacologic Studies in Animals and Humans (1987)

Several pharmacologic studies of itraconazole, an orally active antifungal triazole, were conducted in humans and animals. In dogs and rats, no significant toxic effects were seen at doses of up to 40 mg/kg. Endocrinologic studies demonstrated that itraconazole, unlike ketoconazole, does not significantly affect human testicular and adrenal steroidogenesis. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that itraconazole has a high tissue affinity and a longer half-life than ketoconazole. These pharmacologic observations suggest that itraconazole has a broader spectrum of activity than ketoconazole and a lower potential for producing adverse effects.
Enhanced delivery of IL-1 receptor antagonist to the central nervous system as a novel anti–transferrin receptor-IL-1RA fusion reverses neuropathic mechanical hypersensitivity (2016)

Neuropathic pain is a major unmet medical need, with only 30% to 35% of patients responding to the current standard of care. The discovery and development of novel therapeutics to address this unmet need have been hampered by poor target engagement, the selectivity of novel molecules, and limited access to the relevant compartments. Biological therapeutics, either monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or peptides, offer a solution to the challenge of specificity as the intrinsic selectivity of these kinds of molecules is significantly higher than traditional medicinal chemistry-derived approaches. The interleukin-1 receptor system within the spinal cord has been implicated in the amplification of pain signals, and its central antagonism provides relief of neuropathic pain. Targeting the IL-1 system in the spinal cord with biological drugs, however, raises the even greater challenge of delivery to the central compartment. Targeting the transferrin receptor with monoclonal antibodies has proved successful in traversing the endothelial cell-derived blood-brain barrier and delivering proteins to the central nervous system. In this study, we describe a novel construct exemplifying an engineered solution to overcome these challenges. We have generated a novel anti-transferrin receptor-interleukin-1 receptor antagonist fusion that transports to the central nervous system and delivers efficacy in a model of nerve ligation-induced hypersensitivity. Approaches such as these provide promise for novel and selective analgesics that target the central compartment.
Improvement of Heterologous Protein Secretion by Bacillus subtilis (2012)

The Gram-positive bacterium, Bacillus subtilis and related species are widely used as hosts for the extracellular production of industrially worthy enzymes, such as amylases, proteases, xylanase, and lipases (Braun et al., 1999; Tjalsma et al., 2000; Westers et al., 2004). These species possess a very high capacity for secreting a variety of exoenzymes into the growth medium, thereby reducing downstream purification processes. In addition, many of these are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) microorganisms, and do not produce endotoxins. Therefore, the secretion system of these species presents many advantages in terms of production capacity, structural authenticity, product purification, and safety. Nevertheless, the secretion of heterologous proteins from eukaryotes by these species is frequently inefficient (Table1). Hence, these species are never selected as the best cell factory for pharmaceutical proteins (Westers et al., 2004).
Don't mind me touching my wrist (2013)

Wearable technology, specifically e-textiles, offers the potential for interacting with electronic devices in a whole new manner. However, some may find the operation of a system that employs non-traditional on-body interactions uncomfortable to perform in a public setting, impacting how readily a new form of mobile technology may be received. Thus, it is important for interaction designers to take into consideration the implications of on-body gesture interactions when designing wearable interfaces. In this study, we explore the third-party perceptions of a user's interactions with a wearable e-textile interface. This two-prong evaluation examines the societal perceptions of a user interacting with the textile interface at different on-body locations, as well as the observer's attitudes toward on-body controller placement. We performed the study in the United States and South Korea to gain cultural insights into the perceptions of on-body technology usage.
Identification of proteins released by pancreatic cancer cells by multidimensional protein identification technology: a strategy for identification of novel cancer markers (2005)

The purpose of this study is to identify novel proteins released by cancer cells that are involved in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling using small-volume samples and automated technology. We applied multidimensional protein identification technology (MudPIT), which incorporates two-dimensional capillary chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry to small quantities of serum-free supernatants of resting or phorbol ester-activated Suit-2 pancreatic cancer cells. Selected markers were validated in additional pancreatic cancer cell lines, primary cancers, and xenografted cancer cells. MudPIT analysis of 10 microl of supernatants identified 46 proteins, 21 of which are classified as secreted, and 10 have never been associated with pancreatic cancer. These include CSPG2/versican, Mac25/angiomodulin, IGFBP-1, HSPG2/perlecan, syndecan 4, FAM3C, APLP2, cyclophilin B, beta2 microglobulin, and ICA69. Evidence that cancer cells release these proteins in vivo was obtained for CSPG2/versican and Mac25/angiomodulin by immunohistochemistry on both primary pancreatic cancers and in a model consisting of Suit-2 cells embedded in an amorphous matrix and implanted in athymic mice. MudPIT allowed efficient and rapid identification of proteins released by cancer cells, including molecules previously undescribed in the type of cancer analyzed. Our finding that pancreatic cancer cells secrete a series of proteoglycans, including versican, perlecan, syndecan 1 and 4, challenges the common view that fibroblasts of tumor stroma are the sole source of these molecules.
Analysis of microstrip lines in multilayer structures of arbitrarily varying thickness (2000)

A general approach to the full-wave analysis of microstrip lines in multilayer dielectrics of arbitrarily varying thickness is developed. It is based on the discrete mode matching technique (DMM) and uses a full-wave equivalent circuit for the stratified structure, which is simple to apply in a numerical procedure, As an example, the propagation constant of a microstrip line in the interface of two dielectrics as a function of different shape characteristics is computed.
McGraw-Hill electronics dictionary (1994)

First published nearly half a century ago, the McGraw-Hill Electronics Dictionary has served generations of scientists, engineers, technicians, educators, librarians, students, manufacturers, managers, writers, hobbyists, and others seeking accurate, up-to-date and easy-to-understand definitions for the hundreds of electronics terms not found in general language dictionaries. Now, after nearly 20 years, the fifth edition of this reference is finally available. During this time, the field of electronics has undergone such dramatic progress that entire areas of study now covered did not even exist when the fourth edition was published. More than 4,000 new entries and 100 new illustrations have been added and many outdated definitions have been revised or deleted. This dictionary focuses on words and phrases specific to the field of electronics - plus such related fields as engineering, the physical sciences, materials science and computer science. It provides information on all areas of electronics, including: fundamentals; solid-state component design and fabrication; circuit board fabrication and assembly; electronics manufacturing; product and system packaging; industrial instrumentation and control; scientific and medical instrumentation; commercial data processing; telecommunications; consumer entertainment; and military and aerospace. The dictionary includes more than 15,000 cross-referenced terms, abbreviations, synonyms and acronyms, as well as 1350 illustrations all in one handy volume. Mathematics are avoided whenever simple English can be used, and even complex concepts are defined so as to be accessible to readers at all levels of expertise.
Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Kinase-Inhibiting Supramolecular Therapeutics for Enhanced Anticancer Efficacy (2016)

A major limitation of immune checkpoint inhibitors is that only a small subset of patients achieve durable clinical responses. This necessitates the development of combinatorial regimens with immunotherapy. However, some combinations, such as MEK- or PI3K-inhibitors with a PD1-PDL1 checkpoint inhibitor, are pharmacologically challenging to implement. We rationalized that such combinations can be enabled using nanoscale supramolecular targeted therapeutics, which spatially home into tumors and exert temporally sustained inhibition of the target. Here we describe two case studies where nanoscale MEK- and PI3K-targeting supramolecular therapeutics were engineered using a quantum mechanical all-atomistic simulation-based approach. The combinations of nanoscale MEK- and PI3K-targeting supramolecular therapeutics with checkpoint PDL1 and PD1 inhibitors exert enhanced antitumor outcome in melanoma and breast cancers in vivo, respectively. Additionally, the temporal sequence of administration impacts the outcome. The combination of supramolecular therapeutics and immunotherapy could emerge as a paradigm shift in the treatment of cancer.
Timing Yield Estimation Using Statistical Static Timing Analysis (2005)

As process variations become a significant problem in deep sub-micron technology, a shift from deterministic static timing analysis to statistical static timing analysis for high-performance circuit designs could reduce the excessive conservatism that is built into current timing design methods. We address the timing yield problem for sequential circuits and propose a statistical approach to handle it. We consider the spatial and path reconvergence correlations between path delays, set-up time and hold time constraints, and clock skew due to process variations. We propose a method to get the timing yield based on the delay distributions of register-to-register paths in the circuit On average, the timing yield results obtained by our approach have average errors of less than 1.0% in comparison with Monte Carlo simulation. Experimental results show that shortest path variations and clock skew due to process variations have considerable impact on circuit timing, which could bias the timing yield results. In addition, the correlation between longest and shortest path delays is not significant.