gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Grazing Incidence Optics for Neutron Imaging and Scattering (2012)

Because of their wave nature, thermal and cold neutrons can be reflected from smooth surfaces at grazing incidence angles, be reflected by multilayer coatings or be refracted at boundaries of different materials. The optical properties of materials are characterized by their refractive indices which are slightly less than unity for most elements and their isotopes in the case of cold and thermal neutrons as well as for x-rays. The motivation for the optics use for neutrons as well as for x-rays is to increase the signal rate and, by virtue of the optic's angular resolution, to improve the signal-to-noise level by reducing the background so the efficiency of the existing neutron sources use can be significantly enhanced. Both refractive and reflective optical techniques developed for x-ray applications can be applied to focus neutron beams. Typically neutron sources have lower brilliance compared to conventional x-ray sources so in order to increase the beam throughput the neutron optics has to be capable of capturing large solid angles. Because of this, the replicated optics techniques developed for x-ray astronomy applications would be a perfect match for neutron applications, so the electroformed nickel optics under development at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) can be applied to focus neutron beams. In this technique, nickel mirror shells are electroformed onto a figured and superpolished nickel-plated aluminum cylindrical mandrel from which they are later released by differential thermal contraction. Cylindrical mirrors with different diameters, but the same focal length, can be nested together to increase the system throughput. The throughput can be increased further with the use of the multilayer coatings deposited on the reflectivr surface of the mirror shells. While the electroformed nickel replication technique needs to be adopted for neutron focusing, the technology to coat the inside of cylindrical mirrors with neutron multilayers has to be developed. The availability of these technologies would bring new capabilities to neutron instrumentation and, hence, lead to new scientific breakthroughs. We have established a program to adopt the electroformed nickel replication optics technique for neutron applications and to develop the neutron multilayer replication technology.
A WIDEBAND FREQUENCY-SHIFT KEYING MODULATION TECHNIQUE USING TRANSIENT STATE OF A SMALL ANTENNA (2013)

The rate of wireless data transmission is limited by the antenna bandwidth. We present an e-cient technique to realize a high-rate direct binary FSK modulation by using the transient properties of high-Q antennas. We show that if the natural resonance of a narrowband resonant-type antenna is switched at a high rate, the radiating signal follows the variation of resonant frequency and provides a high-rate data-transmission regardless of the narrowband characteristics of the antenna. The bit-rate in this method is dictated by the switching speed rather than the impedance bandwidth. Since the proposed technique employs the antenna in a time-varying arrangement, carrier frequencies are not required to be simultaneously within the antenna bandwidth. When demanded, the antenna is tuned to required carrier frequency according to a sequence of digital data. Moreover, if the switching frequency is properly chosen such that the stored energy in the near-zone is not dramatically disturbed, any variation in the antenna resonance will instantaneously appear in the far-fleld radiation due to the previously accumulated energy in the near fleld. Therefore, depending on the Q factor and switching speed, radiation bandwidth of the antenna can be improved independently from the impedance bandwidth. Furthermore, we show that a single RF source is su-cient to excite both carrier frequencies and the need for a VCO is obviated. Experimental results are presented to validate the feasibility of the proposed technique.
High n-caprylate productivities and specificities from dilute ethanol and acetate: chain elongation with microbiomes to upgrade products from syngas fermentation (2016)

A bioprocess based on open-culture anaerobic biotechnology to elongate acetate and ethanol (C2) into primarily<italic>n</italic>-caprylate (C8).
Analysis and generalization of Retinex by recasting the algorithm in wavelets (2004)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
The Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Spheres by Octylamine Templating (1998)

Abstract Mesoporous silica hollow spheres have been synthesized by a simple route of hydrolysis of acidic tetraethylorthosilicate solution with octylamine surfactant at ambient temperature. The resultant silica spheres have high BET surface areas of 850 to 950 m2/g and mesopore diameters of ca. 2 nm after the samples were calcined in air at 500 °C. The shell thickness of the spheres can be varied by changing the synthesis composition of the reaction system.
Tritium Process Applications Using SAES Getters for Purification and Collection from Inert Gas Streams (1995)

A zirconium alloy getter-based tritium monitoring and collection system has been designed, built, and subsequently operated for three years at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The system is automated to provide separation of tritium from 41Ar, collection of tritium on an hourly basis, unloading of getters for on-line tritium measurement via an ion chamber, and recollection of tritium on removable getters for daily assay in the laboratory. Three different SAES Getters alloys are employed to purify the gas stream (St 909), and separate the tritium from Ar and collect the tritium for measurement (St 727 and St 707). This system has demonstrated on-line tritium measurements as low as 20 μCi per sample with typical decontamination factors from 41Ar of 107. In addition, laboratory studies aimed at the recovery of tritium from graphitic targets have demonstrated further process applications for these getters. Prototypical gas cooled reactor targets, containing encapsulated 6Li, were irradiated at the Advanced Test Reactor at this laboratory. Samples were then heated to high temperatures to allow diffusive release of the tritium into a flowing helium stream. St 909 purifier and St 727 collector getters have been employed to demonstrate an efficient tritium recovery process.
THE MEASUREMENT OF UTERINE ACTIVITY IN INDUCED LABOUR (1976)

A simple electronic system for quantifying uterine activity in labour has been developed. The basic construction of the system is described. It has been used to confirm the hypothesis of Steer et al (1975) that oxytocin-induced labour has a stable phase during which uterine activity is largely independent of oxytocin infusion rate.
Development of Alternative Energy Saving MBR Using Reciprocating Vibration in Place of Membrane Air Scouring (2013)

Development of Alternative Energy Saving MBR Using Reciprocating Vibration in Place of Membrane Air ScouringMembrane Bioreactors (MBRs) are becoming popular for advanced wastewater treatment and water reuse. However, mitigating technologies for membrane fouling are energy intensive. Leading these technologies is air scouring, which is used to 'shake' the hollow fibers, reducing the fouling rate and maintaining filtration flux. The goal of this research is to develop an...Author(s)Jaeho HoShaleena SmithJaren PatamasankPetia TontchevaGyu Dong KimHyung Keun RohSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Oct, 2013ISSN1938-6478DOI10.2175/193864713813716886Volume / Issue2013 / 7Content sourceWEFTECCopyright2013Word count252
Stabilization of the regenerating mode of full-order flux observers for sensorless induction motors (2003)

This paper deals with the full-order flux observers for speed-sensorless induction motor drives. An unstable region encountered in the regenerating mode at low speeds is well known. To remedy the problem, a modified speed-adaptation law is proposed. Instead of using only the current estimation error perpendicular to the estimated flux, the parallel component is also exploited in the regenerating mode. Using steady-state analysis, a linearized model, simulations, and experiments, it is shown that the proposed adaptation law removes the unstable region.
Acoustic emission source location on plate-like structures using a small array of transducers (1987)

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Pilot study of longitudinal ultrasonic sensor for dynamic volumetric assessment of gastroesophageal reflux (2010)

In patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), esophageal symptoms are traditionally diagnosed by monitoring the contact time between the reflux content and the esophagus using multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII-pH) catheters. However, esophageal catheter for quantifying the volume of reflux content is still lacking. The present work proposes an innovative method to develop a longitudinal ultrasonic catheter and an information extraction system for reflux event detection and reflux volume estimation. Gastroesophageal model that mimics reflux events was developed to test the proposed catheter. Ultrasonic sensing was evaluated by simulating different volumes of reflux. The obtained signals showed good consistency in detecting reflux events and measuring reflux volume. During an in vivo human testing, a MII-pH catheter was used simultaneously to compare the ultrasonic output. Both in vitro and in vivo human testing results demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing the proposed method for gastroesophageal reflux (GER) detection and reflux volume estimation.
Novel Carotenoid Oxidase Involved in Biosynthesis of 4,4′-Diapolycopene Dialdehyde (2005)

Biosynthesis of C(30) carotenoids is relatively restricted in nature but has been described in Staphylococcus and in methylotrophic bacteria. We report here identification of a novel gene (crtNb) involved in conversion of 4,4'-diapolycopene to 4,4'-diapolycopene aldehyde. An aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ald) responsible for the subsequent oxidation of 4,4'-diapolycopene aldehyde to 4,4'-diapolycopene acid was also identified in Methylomonas. CrtNb has significant sequence homology with diapophytoene desaturases (CrtN). However, data from knockout of crtNb and expression of crtNb in Escherichia coli indicated that CrtNb is not a desaturase but rather a novel carotenoid oxidase catalyzing oxidation of the terminal methyl group(s) of 4,4'-diaponeurosporene and 4,4'-diapolycopene to the corresponding terminal aldehyde. It has moderate to low activity on neurosporene and lycopene and no activity on beta-carotene or zeta-carotene. Using a combination of C(30) carotenoid synthesis genes from Staphylococcus and Methylomonas, 4,4'-diapolycopene dialdehyde was produced in E. coli as the predominant carotenoid. This C30 dialdehyde is a dark-reddish purple pigment that may have potential uses in foods and cosmetics.
Design and mechanical evaluation of a novel fiber‐reinforced scaffold for meniscus replacement (2011)

A fiber-reinforced degradable scaffold for replacement of meniscal tissue was designed, fabricated, and mechanically evaluated. The hypotheses were that (1) the fiber network design would share a portion of compressive loads via the generation of circumferential tensile loads, and (2) the scaffold tensile properties would be similar to those of the meniscus. Two meniscus scaffold designs varying in fiber content (1000 or 500 fibers: MS1000, MS500) underwent cyclic compressive loading up to 100 and 250N, with resultant tensile loads measured at the anterior and posterior anchors. Standard tensile testing was also performed on each device and ovine menisci. Both scaffolds generated tensile loads directly proportional to the applied compressive loads, with MS1000 scaffolds generating approximately twice the tensile loads of MS500 scaffolds. The tensile strength of MS1000 scaffolds was significantly higher than that of the medial and lateral ovine menisci, and approximately twice that of the MS500 scaffolds. The stiffness of MS1000 scaffolds was lower than that of the lateral meniscus, but not statistically different from that of the medial meniscus. These results support our hypotheses that this novel fiber-reinforced scaffold can mimic the tensile and hoop stress behavior of normal meniscal tissue under compressive loading. The circumferential tensile strength and stiffness are appropriate for a meniscus replacement device.
Hybrid image summarization (2011)

In this paper, we address a problem of managing tagged images with hybrid summarization. We formulate this problem as finding a few image exemplars to represent the image set semantically and visually and solve it in a hybrid way by exploiting both visual and textual information associated with images. We propose a novel approach, called Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Message Propagation (H2MP), which extends affinity propagation that only works over homogeneous relations to heterogeneous relations. The summary obtained by our approach is both visually and semantically satisfactory. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Kinetics of metal interlayer growth in polyimide films and metal distributions in the non-steady-state regime and with constraints of patterned boundaries (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of metal interlayer growth in polyimide films and metal distributions in the non-steady-state regime and with constraints of patterned boundariesGregory T. Dee, Lewis E. Manring, and Stephen. MazurCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 27, 6699–6705Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100311a029https://doi.org/10.1021/j100311a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views48Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Drug delivery of antisense oligonucleotides or peptides to tissues<i>in vivo</i>using an avidin–biotin system (1993)

AbstractThe pharmacologic efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide- or peptide-based therapeutics in intact organisms is limited by the poor transport of these highly charged molecules across cellular membranes. Since recent studies have shown that avidin, a cationic protein, is taken up by cells via absorptive-mediated endocytosis, the present studies examine whether the avidin-biotin system may be used to develop soluble transport vectors that mediate the organ uptake in vivo of monobiotinylated antisense oligonucleotides or peptides. The model antisense oligonucleotide used is a 21-mer complementary to the bovine GLUT1 glucose transporter mRNA, and the model peptide used is [desamino-Cys1, d-Lys8]lysine vasopressin (DDLVP). The antisense oligonucleotide was bound to avidin with a noncleavable biotin linker using N-hydroxysuccinimidobiotin, and the DDLVP was coupled to the avidin vector with a cleavable biotin linker using sulfosuccinimidyl - 2 - (biotinamido) ethyl -1, 3 - dithiopropionate. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that avidin was cleared biexponentially from the circulation with half-times of 22 ± 13 s and 53 ± 5 min. Conversely, streptavidin, a slightly acidic protein, was cleared monoexponentially with a half-time of 2.4 ± 0.2 h. The volume of distribution (Vd) of [3H]biotin in liver and kidney was enriched nearly 1000-fold 2 h after a single injection when the biotin was co-injected with avidin compared to when it was co-injected with streptavidin. The hepatic clearance of the vasopressin analogue was in-creased manyfold by co-injection with avidin, and the increased organ uptake was blocked by pretreatment of the conjugate with sulfhydryl reducing agents. The clearance of the oligonucleotide in liver and kidney was greatly increased by avidin co-injection but not by streptavidin co-injection. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that the avidin–biotin system provides a simple and efficient approach to drug delivery of biotinylated antisense oligonucleotide- or peptide-based therapeutics to tissues in vivo.
Cruciate Retaining Biomimetic Implant Can Restore Normal Kinematics Following Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) (2018)

Introduction:Contemporary Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) retaining TKA implants (CR) are associated with well-known kinematic deficits, such as absence of medial pivot motion, paradoxical anterior femoral sliding, and posterior femoral subluxation at full extension. The hypothesis of this study was that a biomimetic implant, reverse engineered by using healthy knee kinematics to carve the tibial articular surface, could restore normal kinematic patterns of the knee.Methods:Kinematics of the biomimetic CR and two contemporary CR implants (A, B) were evaluated during simulated deep knee bend and chair-sit in LifeModeler KneeSIM™ software. Anteroposterior motion of the medial and lateral femoral condyle centers was measured relative to a tibial origin. The implants were mounted on an average knee model created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of 40 healthy knees. The medial and lateral collateral ligaments, posterior cruciate ligament, quadriceps mechanism, and the overall capsular tension were model...
A Dimmable Electronic Ballast With Unity Power Factor Based on a Single-Stage Current-Fed Resonant Inverter (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A single-stage dimmable electronic ballast with very high power factor and high efficiency is presented in this paper. A compact lamp power circuit is designed by integrating a buck-boost power factor corrector with a current-fed resonant inverter. This integration produces a single power-processing unit that minimizes the number of circuit components. The proposed resonant inverter reduces the circulating current in the resonant tank and allows simple gate drivers to be used so that isolation devices can be eliminated. With the buck-boost stage operating in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM), a close-to-unity power factor is achieved for different lamp-power conditions. A small-signal analysis is presented, and a simple variable frequency controller is developed using the modified 555 timer to provide dimming operations. Simulation and experimental waveforms are provided to highlight the merits of the proposed circuit for a 40-W compact fluorescent lamp. </para>
<i>Ornithine decarboxylase</i> (<i>Odc</i>)-1 gene polymorphism effects on baseline tissue polyamine levels and adenoma recurrence in a randomized phase III adenoma prevention trial of DFMO + sulindac versus placebo (2008)

1502 Background: The Odc G315A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) affects Odc transcription and favorably modifies aspirin's effect on colorectal adenoma risk. Treatment with the polyamine-inhibitory regimen difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and sulindac has been shown to markedly decrease adenoma recurrence compared to placebo. Here we investigate modifying effects of the Odc G315A SNP on baseline tissue polyamine content and polyp recurrence after treatment with DFMO + sulindac or placebo. Methods: Data from the randomized phase III DFMO (500mg daily) + sulindac (150mg daily) colorectal adenoma prevention trial were analyzed. Odc genotyping was performed on patient-derived genomic DNA samples using allele-specific TaqMan probes. Baseline rectal tissue polyamine content was determined via HPLC. Clinicopathologic data were compared after stratification by genotype. Fisher's exact test or χ2 tests for independence were used for comparisons of categorical variables. Two-tailed t-tests or Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance were used for numerical comparisons between groups. Results: Data were available for 122 of 375 study patients. Odc genotype distribution was 54% GG, 5% AA, 41% GA. Patients with any Odc A- allele (AA/GA) were similar in age, gender, race, and prior aspirin use across treatment arms, as were Odc GG patients. Odc GG vs AA/GA patients had significantly higher median baseline rectal tissue putrescine (0.52 vs 0.31 nmol/mg protein, P=0.046) and spermidine (2.10 vs 1.65 nmol/mg protein, P=0.011) content. Among Odc AA/GA patients, 7/26 patients (27%) had recurrent adenoma in the DFMO + sulindac arm vs 14/30 patients (47%) in the placebo arm (P=0.13, absolute risk difference=20%). Among Odc GG patients, 6/39 patients (15%) had recurrent adenoma in the DFMO + sulindac arm compared with 14/27 (52%) placebo patients (P=0.002, absolute risk difference=37%). Conclusions: DFMO + sulindac treatment lowers the incidence of recurrent adenomata among adenoma patients, with pronounced effects observed among Odc homozygous GG patients. This may be related to baseline tissue polyamine differences across these genetically-defined groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Ranking in Genealogy (2019)

Genealogy research is the study of family history using available resources such as historical records. Ancestry provides its customers with one of the world's largest online genealogical index with billions of records from a wide range of sources, including vital records such as birth and death certificates, census records, court and probate records among many others. Search at Ancestry aims to return relevant records from various record types, allowing our subscribers to build their family trees, research their family history, and make meaningful discoveries about their ancestors from diverse perspectives.
The Photo-Ionization Proportional Scintillation Chamber (1980)

A krypton-filled gas scintillation proportional counter has been coupled, through an ultraviolet transparent LiF window, to a multi-anode proportional chamber operated in a gas mixture (argon-triethylamine-methane) having a large quantum efficiency for the emitted photons. The first experimental results suggest that, in the detection of soft X-rays, one can obtain the good energy resolution characteristics of gas scintillation counters, together with the bi-dimensional coordinate localization typical of multiwire proportional chambers (MWPCs). The name Photo-Ionization Proportional Scintillation chamber (PIPS) is proposed for the device.
<title>Illumination optics design for EUV lithography</title> (2000)

In this paper, a comparison of two different solutions for the illuminator is presented. The systems are intended to comply with the illumination requirements, but have different advantages and drawbacks. The examples represent solutions based on conical reflection and on a fly's-eye integrator. A comparison is given and the potentials of the different solutions are outlined.