gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Head Mounted Microphone Arrays (2009)

Microphone arrays are becoming increasingly integrated into every facet of life. From sonar to gunshot detection systems to hearing aids, the performance of each system is enhanced when multi-sensor processing is implemented in lieu of single sensor processing. Head mounted microphone arrays have a broad spectrum of uses that follow the rigorous demands of human hearing. From noise cancellation to focused listening, from localization to classification of sound sources, any and all attributes of human hearing may be augmented through the use of microphone arrays and signal processing algorithms. Placing a set of headphones on a human provides several desirable features such as hearing protection, control over the acoustic environment (via headphone speakers), and a means of communication. The shortcoming of headphones is the complete occlusion of the pinnae (the ears), disrupting auditory cues utilized by humans for sound localization. This thesis presents the underlying theory in designing microphone arrays placed on diffracting bodies, specifically the human head. A progression from simple to complex geometries chronicles the effect of diffracting structures on array manifold matrices. Experimental results validate theoretical and computational models showing that arrays mounted on diffracting structures provide better beamforming and localization performance than arrays mounted in the free field. Data independent, statistically optimal, and adaptive beamforming methods are presented to cover a broad range of goals present in array applications. A framework is developed to determine the performance potential of microphone array designs regardless of geometric complexity. Directivity index, white noise gain, and singular value decomposition are all utilized as performance metrics for array comparisons. The biological basis for human hearing is presented as a fundamental attribute of headset array optimization methods. A method for optimizing microphone locations for the purpose of the recreation of HRTFs is presented, allowing transparent hearing (also called natural hearing restoration) to be performed. Results of psychoacoustic testing with a prototype headset array are presented and examined. Subjective testing shows statistically significant improvements over occluded localization when equipped with this new transparent hearing system prototype.
Manipulating and Visualizing Molecular Interactions in Customized Nanoscale Spaces (2016)

We present a dynamically adjustable nanofluidic platform for formatting the conformations of and visualizing the interaction kinetics between biomolecules in solution, offering new time resolution and control of the reaction processes. This platform extends convex lens-induced confinement (CLiC), a technique for imaging molecules under confinement, by introducing a system for in situ modification of the chemical environment; this system uses a deep microchannel to diffusively exchange reagents within the nanoscale imaging region, whose height is fixed by a nanopost array. To illustrate, we visualize and manipulate salt-induced, surfactant-induced, and enzyme-induced reactions between small-molecule reagents and DNA molecules, where the conformations of the DNA molecules are formatted by the imposed nanoscale confinement. In response to dynamically modifying the local salt concentration, we report two salt-induced transitions in DNA molecules which occur on separate time scales: a rapid change in polymer extension due to modified local ionic screening and a gradual change in polymer brightness, reflecting release of intercalated YOYO-1 dye. Our time-resolved measurements provide new insights into the influence of YOYO-1 dye on polymer stiffness. In response to introducing cationic surfactants in solution, we temporally resolve single-molecule compaction trajectories of DNA polymers, guided by the confining nanogroove environment; this is in contrast to the uncontrolled collapse which would occur in free solution under similar conditions. In the presence of restriction enzymes, we directly visualize the cleavage of multiple DNA sites under adjustable nanoscale confinement. By using nanofabricated, nonabsorbing, low-background glass walls to confine biomolecules, our nanofluidic platform facilitates quantitative exploration of physiologically and biotechnologically relevant processes at the nanoscale. This device provides new kinetic information about dynamic chemical processes at the single-molecule level, using advancements in the CLiC design including a microchannel-based diffuser and postarray-based dialysis slit.
Distance Determination via Triangulation. (1986)

This report investigates the feasibilty of distance determination by triangulation for artificial satellites, rockets, and so forth. The two-observer case is solved analytically and investigated in detail with respect to the propagation of errors. For objects distant compared to the observer to observer distance Delta rho, the variance of the observer-to-object distance R is given by Sigma sub R approx = (Sigma(R-squared))((csc theta)-squared)/Delta rho. Sigma is the standard deviation of the angular measurements, and theta is the angle between the observer-to-observer baseline and the direction to the object. The next topic discussed is the use of multiple, simultaneous, direction determinations for triangulation. A novel method is proposed to deal with this problem. It is extended to include observations with different measurement precision, and generalized to take into account the expanding conical nature of angular errors. Finally, some data acquired at the Experimental Test System of the GEODSS network and the Millstone Hill Radar are analyzed within this context. It is clear that there now exists a powerful observational tool to aid in initial orbit determination utilizing coordinated angles-only sensors. Keywords: Parallax; Satellite orbits; Initial orbit determination; Angles-only distance determination.
Bitstream Decompression for High Speed FPGA Configuration from Slow Memories (2007)

In this paper, we present hardware decompression accelerators for bridging the gap between high speed FPGA configuration interfaces and slow configuration memories. We discuss different compression algorithms suitable for a decompression on FPGAs as well as on CPLDs with respect to the achievable compression ratio, throughput, and hardware overhead. This leads to various decompressor implementations with one capable to decompress at high data rates of up to 400 megabytes per second while only requiring slightly more than a hundred look-up tables. Furthermore, we present a sophisticated configuration bitstream benchmark.
Search strategy of a mobile robot for radiation sources in an unknown environment (2014)

Searching radiation sources in a nuclear environment plays an important role in securing nuclear safety. In this paper, we present a search strategy of a mobile robot for radiation sources in an unknown environment. The proposed method enables a mobile robot to find radiation sources autonomously because it is harmless to expose the robot to an environment contaminated by radiation. Previous work employed a robot to find radiation sources with a given environmental map. Realistically, once a nuclear accident occurs, the environment would be partially destroyed. Thus, the purpose of this paper aims at navigating a mobile robot to radiation sources without a given environmental map. To achieve the goal, two sub-problems are discussed in this paper: (1) how does a mobile robot navigate itself to radiation sources without a map, and (2) how is the position and intensity of a radiation source estimated by a Geiger counter. For these two problems, an artificial potential field (APF) is adopted to navigate the robot to radiation sources and the direction and intensity of the attractive force in the APF is estimated by a particle filter. We provide a simulation validation of the proposed method which demonstrated good results to find the radiation sources without the map.
Effective Recycling Performance of Li<sup>+</sup> Extraction from Spinel-Type LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> with Persulfate (2014)

To solve the problem of manganese dissolution, which damages spinel structure of LiMn2O4, Li+ extraction performances with persulfate at different temperatures were investigated by chemical analysis, and then XRD, FTIR, and XPS analyses were used to characterize the corresponding mechanism. Results showed that at high temperatures and after treatment with three kinds of persulfate, lithium ions were nearly extracted thoroughly with almost no manganese dissolution. Na2S2O8 was considered the most suitable for Li+ extraction. The lithium extraction/insertion was repeated several times, and the samples maintained considerably high lithium exchange capacity and fairly little manganese dissolution, indicating high cyclic stability and efficiency of the spinel structure. The extraction mechanism was based on the hydrolysis of persulfate, was accompanied by ion exchange and oxidation–reduction reactions, and involved radicals participating in the reactions. The sulfate radical generated by activated persulfate can effectively decrease manganese dissolution, making it possible for cyclic utilization of LiMn2O4.
Asymmetric Aminocatalysis—Gold Rush in Organic Chemistry (2008)

Catalysis with chiral secondary amines (asymmetric aminocatalysis) has become a well-established and powerful synthetic tool for the chemo- and enantioselective functionalization of carbonyl compounds. In the last eight years alone, this field has grown at such an extraordinary pace that it is now recognized as an independent area of synthetic chemistry, where the goal is the preparation of any chiral molecule in an efficient, rapid, and stereoselective manner. This has been made possible by the impressive level of scientific competition and high quality research generated in this area. This Review describes this "Asymmetric Aminocatalysis Gold Rush" and charts the milestones in its development. As in all areas of science, progress depends on human effort.
Angiopoietin-1 promotes lymphatic sprouting and hyperplasia (2005)

Angiopoietin 1 (Ang1), a ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase Tie2, regulates the formation and stabilization of the blood vessel network during embryogenesis. In adults, Ang1 is associated with blood vessel stabilization and recruitment of perivascular cells, whereas Ang2 acts to counter these actions. Recent results from gene-targeted mice have shown that Ang2 is also essential for the proper patterning of lymphatic vessels and that Ang1 can be substituted for this function. In order to characterize the effects of the angiopoietins on lymphatic vessels, we employed viral vectors for overexpression of Ang1 in adult mouse tissues. We found that Ang1 activated lymphatic vessel endothelial proliferation, vessel enlargement, and generation of long endothelial cell filopodia that eventually fused, leading to new sprouts and vessel development. Cutaneous lymphatic hyperplasia was also detected in transgenic mice expressing Ang1 in the basal epidermal cells. Tie2 was expressed in the lymphatic endothelial cells and Ang1 stimulation of these cells resulted in up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR-3). Furthermore, a soluble form of VEGFR-3 inhibited the observed lymphatic sprouting. Our results reinforce the concept that Ang1 therapy may be useful in settings of tissue edema.
Gelation of semidilute polymer solutions by ion complexation: critical behavior of the rheological properties versus cross-link concentration (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGelation of semidilute polymer solutions by ion complexation: critical behavior of the rheological properties versus cross-link concentrationC. Allain and L. SalomeCite this: Macromolecules 1990, 23, 4, 981–987Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00206a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00206a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamical mean field theory algorithm and experiment on quantum computers (2019)

The developments of quantum computing algorithms and experiments for atomic scale simulations have largely focused on quantum chemistry for molecules, while their application in condensed matter systems is scarcely explored. Here we present a quantum algorithm to perform dynamical mean field theory (DMFT) calculations for condensed matter systems on currently available quantum computers, and demonstrate it on two quantum hardware platforms. DMFT is required to properly describe the large class of materials with strongly correlated electrons. The computationally challenging part arises from solving the effective problem of an interacting impurity coupled to a bath, which scales exponentially with system size on conventional computers. An exponential speedup is expected on quantum computers, but the algorithms proposed so far are based on real time evolution of the wavefunction, which requires high-depth circuits and hence very low noise levels in the quantum hardware. Here we propose an alternative approach, which uses the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) method for ground and excited states to obtain the needed quantities as part of an exact diagonalization impurity solver. We present the algorithm for a two site DMFT system, which we benchmark using simulations on conventional computers as well as experiments on superconducting and trapped ion qubits, demonstrating that this method is suitable for running DMFT calculations on currently available quantum hardware.
Preparation of Homogeneous Nb-Al Intermetallic Compound Sheet by Multi-Layered Rolling and Subsequent Heat Treatment (2010)

The intermetallic compound Nb3Al is widely investigated because of its high temperature strength, superior superconductivity and relatively small density. As Nb3Al has an extremely high melting point and lack of deformability, it is impossible to prepare it by using the conventional metallurgy. In this study, a Nb-Al intermetallic compound was prepared by multi-layered roll-bonding of elemental Nb and Al foils. The process consisted of the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) for making a laminated Nb/Al sheet and the subsequent heat treatment promoting a solid-phase reaction in the laminated Nb/Al sheet. Accumulated foils were roll-bonded at 573 K. The rolling reduction at 1 pass was ~50%, and the final rolling reduction at 4 passes was ~94%. A pulsed electric current sintering (PECS) process was used for the subsequent heat treatment. The microstructures produced at each processing stage were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). A homogeneous intermetallic compound of Nb3Al could be obtained after the subsequent heat treatment for 1.8 ks at 873 K and for 0.9 ks at 1673 K.
Optimal stem cell source for allogeneic stem cell transplantation for hematological malignancies (2013)

Hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is a standard treatment for many hematological malignancies. Three different sources of stem cells, namely bone marrow (BM), peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) and cord blood (CB) can be used for HSCT, and each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that there is no significant survival advantage of PBSC over BM in Human Leukocyte Antigen-matched sibling transplant for adult patients with hematological malignancies. PBSC transplant probably results in lower risk of relapse and hence better disease-free survival, especially in patients with high risk disease at the expense of higher risks of both severe acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In the unrelated donor setting, the only RCT available suggests that PBSC and BM result in comparable overall and disease-free survivals in patients with hematological malignancies; and PBSC transplant results in lower risk of graft failure and higher risk of chronic GVHD. High level evidence is not available for CB in comparison to BM or PBSC. The risks and benefits of different sources of stem cells likely change with different conditioning regimen, strategies for prophylaxis and treatment of GVHD and manipulation of grafts. The recent success and rapid advance of double CB transplant and haploidentical BM and PBSC transplants further complicate the selection of stem cell source. Optimal selection requires careful weighing of the risks and benefits of different stem cell source for each individual recipient and donor. Detailed counseling of patient and donor regarding risks and benefits in the specific context of the patient and transplant method is essential for informed decision making.
Optimal Periodic Trajectories for Band-Limited Systems (2009)

The speed of an electromechanical scanner is limited by its first resonance frequency. To maximize scan speed, input signals are required that contain negligible frequency components near, or above the first resonance frequency. Such signals are usually obtained by low-pass filtering the desired scan trajectory. However, this introduces curvature and ripple into linear (constant velocity) scan regions. In this work, input signals are designed with guaranteed linear regions and minimal harmonic components above a chosen frequency. The proposed scanning trajectories are proven by simulation and experiment to induce less vibration than existing techniques.
Mutational analysis of human lipoprotein lipase by carboxy-terminal truncation (1993)

We have previously reported a Trp382 (TGG)-->stop (TGA) mutation that causes familial lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency. Expression study of the Trp382-->stop mutant showed that the truncated LPL was catalytically inactive with a marked reduction in the expressed mass. To investigate the minimal amino-terminal sequence of human LPL required for an active enzyme, a series of carboxy-terminal (C-terminal) truncated LPLs were expressed in vitro, and the enzyme activity, mass, and LPL mRNA levels were analyzed. The lipolytic activity showed a stepwise reduction between LPL-437 (Cys438-->stop; 68% of normal LPL activity in medium) and LPL-434 (Phe435-->stop; 3%). Without affecting LPL mRNA levels, LPL mass was reduced with the mutants not larger than LPL-437. In terms of specific activity, a significant difference was observed between LPL-436 (Lys437-->stop; 88% of that of normal LPL in medium) and LPL-435 (Val436-->stop; 22%), implying the importance of the role of Val436 in LPL action. Furthermore, our results unexpectedly showed that LPL-446 (Ser447-->stop), which is considered to be a common polymorphic form of LPL, exhibited higher activity than normal LPL (185% in medium). These results demonstrate that the C-terminal region of human LPL is closely associated with the expression of enzyme mass and catalytic activity.
Deposition and properties of diamondlike carbon films produced in microwave and radio-frequency plasma (1992)

Hard a-C:H films were grown in a dual frequency plasma sustained simultaneously by microwave and radio-frequency power. ‘‘Optimum’’ growth conditions, namely those leading to the most pronounced sp3 structural features in the films, depend very strongly on the methane feed gas flow rate and on the argon concentration, in the case of CH4/Ar mixtures. These optimum conditions have been found to correspond to maximum values of ion flux at the growing film surface, and high concentrations of precursor species such as CH, C2, C3, and atomic hydrogen in the plasma, as revealed by optical emission spectroscopy. Films grown under optimum conditions have very high microhardness (∼50 GPa), high density (1.8 g/cm−3), and low internal stress (0.5 GPa). Addition of argon to the methane is shown to enhance the gas phase fragmentation and to raise the microhardness, but argon atoms trapped in the films’ structure increase the internal stress.
Optical properties of molecular organic semiconductor thin films under intense electrical excitation (1999)

Using electro-optical pump and probe measurements, we studied optical properties of a thin film of tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (Alq3) doped with DCM2 laser dye under pulsed injection currents as high as 300 A/cm2. Pump-induced transparency and absorption were observed in the spectral ranges of 570–610 nm and 620–705 nm, respectively. We attribute these optical effects to molecular polarons formed under electrical excitation. Polaron absorption dominates the optical properties of electrically pumped Alq3:DCM2 films in the spectral range where optical gain is anticipated (i.e., from 630 to 700 nm). Polaronic effects may present a significant obstacle for realization of organic diode lasers based on this material system.
Compensation Strategies for PET Scanners with Unconventional Scanner Geometry (2006)

The small animal PET scanner ClearPETtradeNeuro, developed at the Forschungszentrum Julich GmbH in cooperation with the Crystal Clear Collaboration (CERN), represents scanners with an unconventional geometry: due to axial and transaxial detector gaps ClearPettradeNeuro delivers inhomogeneous sinograms with missing data. When filtered backprojection (FBP) or Fourier rebinning (FORE) are applied, strong geometrical artifacts appear in the images. In this contribution we present a method that takes the geometrical sensitivity into account and converts the measured sinograms into homogeneous and complete data. By this means artifactfree images are achieved using FBP or FORE. Besides an advantageous measurement setup that reduces inhomogeneities and data gaps in the sinograms, a modification of the measured sinograms is necessary. This modification includes two steps: a geometrical normalization and corrections for missing data. To normalize the measured sinograms, computed sinograms are used that describe the geometrical sensitivity for a given measurement setup. Corrections for the data gaps are achieved by a provisional reconstruction followed by a forward projection of the image. The modified sinograms are homogeneous and complete. Modification of the sinograms and reconstruction with FBP or FORE lead to images without geometrical artifacts and still cost less computation time than using iterative reconstruction algorithms