gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low Component Count Series Voltage Compensation Scheme for DFIG WTs to Enhance Fault Ride-Through Capability (2014)

Fault ride-through (FRT) operation has been a challenge for the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) based wind turbines (WTs) as the stator winding is directly connected to the grid. Additionally, several grid codes have been established for the grid interconnection of WTs, which demand the WT to stay connected and provide the predefined reactive current support to the grid during FRT operation. The series voltage compensation (SeVC) based FRT schemes for DFIG WTs outperforms all others in terms of smooth transient performance. However, such FRT schemes require an additional voltage-source converter (VSC) and a bulkier series transformer to provide the SeVC. This paper proposes a low component count SeVC scheme that is applicable to both individual WTs and wind parks to cope up with the recent grid codes requirements. The proposed configuration eliminates the need of a series transformer and an additional VSC for the SeVC operation with the use of three additional IGBTs/switches. Furthermore, a coordinated control strategy is proposed to control the WT that enhance its FRT capabilities. The proposed low component count FRT scheme and coordinated control strategy are validated using the detailed mathematical modeling and simulation of 1.5 MW DFIG WT.
Learning to Generate Time-Lapse Videos Using Multi-Stage Dynamic Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Taking a photo outside, can we predict the immediate future, e.g., how would the cloud move in the sky? We address this problem by presenting a generative adversarial network (GAN) based two-stage approach to generating realistic time-lapse videos of high resolution. Given the first frame, our model learns to generate long-term future frames. The first stage generates videos of realistic contents for each frame. The second stage refines the generated video from the first stage by enforcing it to be closer to real videos with regard to motion dynamics. To further encourage vivid motion in the final generated video, Gram matrix is employed to model the motion more precisely. We build a large scale time-lapse dataset, and test our approach on this new dataset. Using our model, we are able to generate realistic videos of up to $128\times 128$ resolution for 32 frames. Quantitative and qualitative experiment results have demonstrated the superiority of our model over the state-of-the-art models.
<title>Window-based bar code acquisition system</title> (1994)

This paper presents the design of a two-stage bar code acquisition system that can be used to achieve error-free document recognition if the original document is enhanced by 1D or 2D bar codes. The unique point of our approach is the window-based method that can locate multiple bar codes in images with sub pixel per module resolution. The method consists of three steps: (1) candidacy test, (2) window clustering, and (3) orientation estimation. The candidacy test examines the local statistical properties (i.e., contrast, balance, and transition count) of each window and determines if it is a part of a bar code. The window clustering step eliminates small blocks of candidate windows generated by the background and then groups the remaining windows into bar code clusters. The orientation estimation step uses edge detection and least-square fit to find the aim line of each bar code. A prototype system has been implemented in the laboratory of Symbol Technologies, Inc., to test the performance of the proposed bar code acquisition algorithm. The experiment result shows that, by using 20 X 20 windows on 640 X 480 images, a Sun SPARCstation 2 can process one image in 0.3 second.
Pharmacological profiles of medetomidine and its antagonist, atipamezole. (1989)

Medetomidine, (+/-)-4-[1-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)ethyl]-1H-imidazole, is a very potent, selective and specific full agonist at both pre- and postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors as demonstrated in several models both in vitro and in vivo. In receptor binding experiments the alpha 2/alpha 1 selectivity ratio of medetomidine is 1620 compared to 260, 220 and 160 for detomidine, clonidine and xylazine, respectively. The alpha 2-adrenoceptor activity of medetomidine resides predominantly in its d-enantiomer (dexmedetomidine). Medetomidine induces a dose-dependent decrease in the release and turnover of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in the CNS as measured by changes in metabolite concentrations or using pharmacological intervention techniques. Inhibition of sympathetic tone in the CNS by medetomidine leads for a characteristic pattern of pharmacodynamic responses including e.g. hypotension, bradycardia, sedation, relief of anxiety, analgesia and hypothermia. The potent, dose-dependent sedative effects of medetomidine have been demonstrated in several classical animal models (e.g. decrease in spontaneous motility in rats and mice, potentiation of barbiturate-induced anaesthesia in rats and mice, induction of sleep in young chicks). At high doses medetomidine has hypnotic of anaesthetic effects, a property which distinguishes it clearly from detomidine, clonidine and other alpha 2-agonists. The pharmacological, neurochemical and behavioral effects of medetomidine can be inhibited by prior, simultaneous of subsequent administration of a selective and specific alpha 2-antagonist, atipamezole. Besides verifying that the main pharmacodynamic effects of medetomidine are alpha 2-mediated, this finding forms a strong basis for the use of atipamezole as a reversing agent against medetomidine-induced effects in veterinary practice.
pH-Sensitive Unimolecular Polymeric Micelles:  Synthesis of a Novel Drug Carrier (2003)

Novel amphiphilic star-shaped polymers showing pH-sensitivity were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization. These new polymers present a core-shell structure similar to polymeric micelles, but are inherently stable to dilution and are referred to as unimolecular polymeric micelles. A four-armed multifunctional initiator was used for the sequential polymerization of hydrophobic ethyl methacrylate and tert-butyl methacrylate and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)methacrylate. Polymers of molecular weight ranging from 9000 to 20,000 were obtained. Results of dynamic light scattering showed micelle size ranging from 11 to 40 nm. Unimolecular micelles were also analyzed by static light scattering in aqueous environment. Star-shaped polymers which presented the highest molar ratio of hydrophobic monomers tended to form high molecular weight aggregates in water. Hydrolysis of the tert-butyl methacrylate units permitted the introduction of ionizable methacrylic acid functions. Size distributions were bimodal at both acidic and basic pH. Since, the polymers were designed as potential delivery systems for the oral administration of hydrophobic drugs, they were titrated to evaluate the degree of ionization as a function of pH. In the stomach, the carboxylic functions are expected to be fully protonated. However, in the intestine, the micelles will be more than 40% ionized. Fluorescence studies were conducted in order to evaluate the polarity of the micellar core. Results showed an increase in polarity with pH due to the ionization of the acid functions present along the polymer chains. The pH rise was associated with an increase in the in vitro release rate of progesterone, which was used as hydrophobic drug model.
Performance scaling via passive pulse shaping in cavity-enhanced optical parametric chirped-pulse amplification (2010)

We show that an enhancement cavity seeded at the full repetition rate of the pump laser can automatically reshape small-signal gain across the interacting pulses in an optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier for close-to-optimal operation, significantly increasing both the gain bandwidth and the conversion efficiency, in addition to boosting gain for high-repetition-rate amplification. Applied to a degenerate amplifier, the technique can provide an octave-spanning gain bandwidth.
3D Printing Latex: A Route to Complex Geometries of High Molecular Weight Polymers (2020)

Vat photopolymerization (VP) additive manufacturing fabricates intricate geometries with excellent resolution; however, high molecular weight polymers are not amenable to VP due to concomitant high solution and melt viscosities. Thus, a challenging paradox arises between printability and mechanical performance. This report describes concurrent photopolymer and VP system design to navigate this paradox with the unprecedented use of polymeric colloids (latexes) that effectively decouple the dependency of viscosity on molecular weight. Photocrosslinking of a continuous-phase scaffold, which surrounds the latex particles, combined with in situ computer-vision print parameter optimization, which compensates for light scattering, enables high-resolution VP of high molecular weight polymer latexes as particle-embedded green bodies. Thermal post-processing promotes coalescence of the dispersed particles throughout the scaffold, forming a semi-interpenetrating polymer network without loss in part resolution. Printing a styrene-butadiene rubber latex, a previously inaccessible elastomer composition for VP, exemplified this approach and yielded printed elastomers with precise geometry and tensile extensibilities exceeding 500%.
MOMBAT: Heart Rate Monitoring from Face Video using Pulse Modeling and\n Bayesian Tracking (2020)

A non-invasive yet inexpensive method for heart rate (HR) monitoring is of\ngreat importance in many real-world applications including healthcare,\npsychology understanding, affective computing and biometrics. Face videos are\ncurrently utilized for such HR monitoring, but unfortunately this can lead to\nerrors due to the noise introduced by facial expressions, out-of-plane\nmovements, camera parameters (like focus change) and environmental factors. We\nalleviate these issues by proposing a novel face video based HR monitoring\nmethod MOMBAT, that is, MOnitoring using Modeling and BAyesian Tracking. We\nutilize out-of-plane face movements to define a novel quality estimation\nmechanism. Subsequently, we introduce a Fourier basis based modeling to\nreconstruct the cardiovascular pulse signal at the locations containing the\npoor quality, that is, the locations affected by out-of-plane face movements.\nFurthermore, we design a Bayesian decision theory based HR tracking mechanism\nto rectify the spurious HR estimates. Experimental results reveal that our\nproposed method, MOMBAT outperforms state-of-the-art HR monitoring methods and\nperforms HR monitoring with an average absolute error of 1.329 beats per minute\nand the Pearson correlation between estimated and actual heart rate is 0.9746.\nMoreover, it demonstrates that HR monitoring is significantly\n
Electron capture dissociation of polypeptides using a 3 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (2002)

Electron capture dissociation (ECD) of polypeptides has been demonstrated using a commercially available 3 Tesla Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) instrument. A conventional rhenium filament, designed for high-energy electron impact ionisation, was used to effect ECD of substance P, bee venom melittin and bovine insulin, oxidised B chain. A retarding field analysis of the effective electron kinetic energy distribution entering the ICR cell suggests that one of the most important parameters governing ECD for this particular instrument is the need to employ low trapping plate voltages. This is shown to maximise the abundance of low-energy electrons. The demonstration of ECD at this relatively low magnetic field strength could offer the prospect of more routine ECD analysis for the wider research community, given the reduced cost of such magnets and (at least theoretically) the greater ease of electron/ion cloud overlap at lower field.
Vibration Control Evaluation of Smart Microstructures With Non-Contact Laser Excitation (2012)

Smart structures technology that uses materials such as piezoelectric elements, etc. is effective for controlling vibration in small devices. However, for micro devices, it is difficult to experimentally measure and evaluate the vibration control characteristics of the system because of the microscopic scale. Namely, it is not realistic to install an external exciter or to apply the excitation force using an impulse hammer. Therefore, in this study, the vibration property is measured and evaluated using non-contact technologies for excitation and measurement; namely, laser ablation for the excitation and a laser Doppler vibrometer as the measurement device. Since both the input excitation and the output measurement are accomplished without contact and the excitation force is easily reproducible in the same system, this technique can be used repeatedly and the measurement can be improved.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
High-transparency coded apertures in planar nuclear medicine imaging: Experimental results (2007)

Coded apertures provide an alternative to collimators in gamma-ray imaging. Advances in the field of coded apertures have lessened the artifacts that are associated with the near-field geometry of nuclear medicine. Nevertheless, image resolution and the manufacturing techniques that are available are constrained by the thickness of the aperture material. Thickness artifacts result. Thin apertures are theoretically desirable, but high transparency results in a loss of contrast. Together with detector quantization effects, this leads to noise in the reconstructed image. Provided that the gamma camera has a sufficient bit-depth, and an appropriate number of counts of radioactivity are obtained, high transparency need not reduce the signal- to-noise ratio. An opaque coded aperture, with an attenuation of 97 %, was constructed by laser drilling a tungsten sheet. A highly transparent coded aperture, with an attenuation of 29 %, was obtained by laser ablating tungsten foil. A specialized aluminium gamma camera frame matches the coded aperture to the mounting mechanism of the gamma camera, and facilitates both alignment and rotation of the coded aperture - the latter for the application of a near-field artifact reduction technique. This paper includes simulation of the effect of count statistics on high- transparency coded aperture images, and presents experimental planar phantom-based results for both the opaque and the highly transparent coded apertures. The results are comparable to the simulations, and support the concept of high-transparency coded apertures in diagnostic nuclear medicine.
Method and laser system for creating high-resolution laser-induced damage images (2002)

Creation of small laser-induced damages without large star structure is discussed. The method for producing laser- induced damages by the specific temporal radiation is reported. Particularly, the laser system for production images inside transparent material by generating succession of plenty pairs of pulses is described.
EUV radiation damage test on EUVL mask absorber materials (2003)

We have studied the EUV mask absorber stack materials stability under extended EUV radiation exposure using the Synchrotron facility located at Aladdin Synchrotron Radiation Center of UW-Madison. The DUV reflectivity was measured at the area where the absorber stack was exposed to EUV radiation for different period of time to understand the impact on mask inspection during use and potential radiation damage. The longest exposure time simulated 2 million EUV exposure shots based on the resist sensitivity of 5 mJ/cm2. After EUV radiation, a significant increase in DUV reflectivity was observed. However, this change may be due to the hydrocarbon contamination from the EUV exposure chamber because an obvious darkening was observed on the exposed area and could be easily removed by a short O2 plasma etching. The experimental data showed that reflectivity was restored after O2 plasma etching and the difference was less than 2%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and forward recoil spectrometry also used for the confirmation of hydrocarbon build up during exposure.
Power Control of Cognitive Radio System in Rayleigh Fading (2009)

An adaptive power control scheme for cognitive radio system (CRS) in Rayleigh fading channel is proposed. The transmit power of a secondary user (SU) is adjusted in Rayleigh fading to maximize the constant output signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at an SU receiver while keeping the interference to a primary user (PU) under given constraints. To calculate the maximum constant output SNR at the SU receiver under the interference constraints of the PUs, we develop an analytical model for the distribution of the interference to PUs while considering the detection performance at the SUs. The analytical model takes into account of the use of multiple antennas and includes a single antenna scenario as a special case. The proposed scheme is compared with a straightforward fixed power control scheme for the CRS in terms of bit-error-rate (BER). Results show that the proposed adaptive power control scheme outperforms the fixed power control scheme. For example, when the BER is 10 3 the adaptive power control scheme with two transmit antennas and two receive antennas has a 3-dB improvement in SNR as compared with the fixed power control scheme.
Synthetic Diamond for Color Center Lasers (1986)

Color centers which are substitutional in character, like many of the nitrogen-related defects in diamond, are well-suited to the achievement of tunable laser action at room temperature. In particular, high densities of H3 centers permit efficient generation of coherent visible radiation1 in the spectral range 500-600 nm. The optical, thermal and mechanical properties of diamond are also excellent, but the crystal is difficult and expensive to grow. Here we present experimental results which demonstrate that the prospects for a family of color center lasers spanning the visible and near-infrared in Type Ib synthetic diamond are nevertheless very good.
Emergence of a Norovirus GII.4 Strain Correlates with Changes in Evolving Blockade Epitopes (2012)

The major capsid protein of norovirus GII.4 strains is evolving rapidly, resulting in epidemic strains with altered antigenicity. GII.4.2006 Minerva strains circulated at pandemic levels in 2006 and persisted at lower levels until 2009. In 2009, a new GII.4 variant, GII.4.2009 New Orleans, emerged and since then has become the predominant strain circulating in human populations. To determine whether changes in evolving blockade epitopes correlate with the emergence of the GII.4.2009 New Orleans strains, we compared the antibody reactivity of a panel of mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against GII.4.2006 and GII.4.2009 virus-like particles (VLPs). Both anti-GII.4.2006 and GII.4.2009 MAbs effectively differentiated the two strains by VLP-carbohydrate ligand blockade assay. Most of the GII.4.2006 MAbs preferentially blocked GII.4.2006, while all of the GII.4.2009 MAbs preferentially blocked GII.4.2009, although 8 of 12 tested blockade MAbs blocked both VLPs. Using mutant VLPs designed to alter predicted antigenic epitopes, binding of seven of the blockade MAbs was impacted by alterations in epitope A, identifying residues 294, 296, 297, 298, 368, and 372 as important antigenic sites in these strains. Convalescent-phase serum collected from a GII.4.2009 outbreak confirmed the immunodominance of epitope A, since alterations of epitope A affected serum reactivity by 40%. These data indicate that the GII.4.2009 New Orleans variant has evolved a key blockade epitope, possibly allowing for at least partial escape from protective herd immunity and provide epidemiological support for the utility of monitoring changes in epitope A in emergent strain surveillance.
Fourth-order blind identification of underdetermined mixtures of sources (FOBIUM) (2005)

For about two decades, numerous methods have been developed to blindly identify overdetermined (P/spl les/N) mixtures of P statistically independent narrowband (NB) sources received by an array of N sensors. These methods exploit the information contained in the second-order (SO), the fourth-order (FO) or both the SO and FO statistics of the data. However, in practical situations, the probability of receiving more sources than sensors increases with the reception bandwidth and the use of blind identification (BI) methods able to process underdetermined mixtures of sources, for which P>N may be required. Although such methods have been developed over the past few years, they all present serious limitations in practical situations related to the radiocommunications context. For this reason, the purpose of this paper is to propose a new attractive BI method, exploiting the information contained in the FO data statistics only, that is able to process underdetermined mixtures of sources without the main limitations of the existing methods, provided that the sources have different trispectrum and nonzero kurtosis with the same sign. A new performance criterion that is able to quantify the identification quality of a given source and allowing the quantitative comparison of two BI methods for each source, is also proposed in the paper. Finally, an application of the proposed method is presented through the introduction of a powerful direction-finding method built from the blindly identified mixture matrix.
Resonant Microwave Cavities for Sensing Properties of Agricultural Products (1992)

Principles are presented for using microwave resonant cavities to sense properties of individual seeds, grain kernels, nuts, etc. Results of research are presented illustrating the usefulness of the technique for making size-independent moisture determinations in seeds of uniform shape and in seeds or kernels of arbitrary shape and for simultaneous determination of both mass and moisture content in kernels of uniform shape. For such commodities, resonant cavities offer a means for moisture measurement that is rapid and does not require contact between the materials being measured and the measurement system.
Systematic Studies on Chain Lengths, Halide Species, and Well Thicknesses for Lead Halide Layered Perovskite Thin Films (2006)

Abstract Two-dimensional layered perovskite compounds, (CnH2n+1NH3)2(CH3NH3)m−1PbmX3m+1 (n = 2, 3, 4, 6, and 10; X = Cl, Br, and I; m = 1, 2, and 3) were systematically prepared. The influences of the barrier-size, halide species, and well thickness of the perovskite thin films on the quantum confinement structures were investigated. The layered perovskite films showed a strong and clear absorption peak due to excitons confined in inorganic quantum-wells. The exciton peak shifted to lower energy as the halide species was changed from Cl to Br and I. Furthermore, fine multilayer perovskite compound films were prepared by varying the spin-coating conditions.