gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measuring the optimal exposure for single particle cryo-EM using a 2.6 Å reconstruction of rotavirus VP6 (2015)

Biological specimens suffer radiation damage when imaged in an electron microscope, ultimately limiting the attainable resolution. At a given resolution, an optimal exposure can be defined that maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio in the image. Using a 2.6 Å resolution single particle cryo-EM reconstruction of rotavirus VP6, determined from movies recorded with a total exposure of 100 electrons/Å(2), we obtained accurate measurements of optimal exposure values over a wide range of resolutions. At low and intermediate resolutions, our measured values are considerably higher than obtained previously for crystalline specimens, indicating that both images and movies should be collected with higher exposures than are generally used. We demonstrate a method of using our optimal exposure values to filter movie frames, yielding images with improved contrast that lead to higher resolution reconstructions. This 'high-exposure' technique should benefit cryo-EM work on all types of samples, especially those of relatively low-molecular mass.
Pseudocohnilembus persalinus (Ciliophora: Scuticociitida) is an additional species causing scuticociliatosis in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (2004)

In the present study, Pseudocohnilembus persalinus was first reported as a species causing scuticociliatosis in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Based on the stained specimens, P. persalinus was clearly differentiated from Uronema marinum, which has been shown to be a cause of scuticociliatosis in farmed olive flounder in Korea from its characteristic oral infraciliature structure. The 1754 bp small subunit ribosomal RNA (SS rRNA) gene sequence of P. persalinus showed 95% homology with the partial sequence of P. hargisi SS rRNA. Moreover, multiplex PCR based on the species-specific amplification of the SS rRNA gene sequence enabled us to distinguish P. persalinus from U. marinum in a simple and rapid manner. P. persalinus was clearly differentiated from U. marinum even when the host was infected simultaneously with both species. These data suggest that the multiplex PCR procedure would make it possible to avoid the cumbersome and time-consuming procedures of morphological analysis for the definitive identification of ciliates.
Visible-Light-Mediated Umpolung Reactivity of Imines: Ketimine Reductions with Cy<sub>2</sub>NMe and Water (2018)

A novel carbanionic reactivity of imines mediated by photoredox catalysis is demonstrated. The umpolung imine reactivity is exemplified by proton abstraction from water as a key step in the reduction of benzophenone ketimines to amines (up to 98% yield). Deuterium is introduced into amines efficiently using D<sub>2</sub>O as an inexpensive deuterium source (≥95% D ratio). The mechanism of this unusual transformation is probed.
Differences in Cell Number Facilitate Fruit Size Variation in Rabbiteye Blueberry Genotypes (2011)

Fruit size is a valuable commercial trait in blueberry. The cellular basis of variation in fruit size among rabbiteye blueberry ( Vaccinium ashei ) genotypes was investigated. Twenty genotypes, including cultivars and advanced selections from the University of Georgia blueberry breeding program, were analyzed. Among the 20 genotypes, fruit weight and fruit diameter varied by over threefold and 1.6-fold, respectively. Regression analysis indicated a linear relationship between fruit weight and fruit diameter ( R 2 = 0.97, P < 0.001), suggesting that fruit diameter is a good predictor of fruit weight. Among the 20 genotypes, mesocarp cell number and cell area varied by almost 2.5-fold and 1.5-fold, respectively. Although fruit diameter and cell number were significantly related ( R 2 = 0.79, P < 0.001), no relationship could be established between fruit diameter and cell area. These data indicate that variation in fruit size among rabbiteye blueberry genotypes is primarily facilitated by variation in cell number. Two small and two large fruit size genotypes were further analyzed. Differences in cell number among some of these genotypes were apparent at bloom suggesting that cell production before bloom is an important mechanism contributing to variation in final cell number. Differences in final cell number among other genotypes were manifested during fruit development, indicating that cell production during fruit development was also instrumental in determining variation in final cell number. This study suggests that fruit size variation in rabbiteye blueberry genotypes is determined by mechanisms that regulate cell production before bloom and during fruit development.
Tunneling-based carrier regeneration in cascaded GaN light emitting diodes to overcome efficiency droop (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Fatih Akyol, Sriram Krishnamoorthy, Siddharth Rajan; Tunneling-based carrier regeneration in cascaded GaN light emitting diodes to overcome efficiency droop. Appl. Phys. Lett. 19 August 2013; 103 (8): 081107. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4819737 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Dynamics of the fecal microbiome in patients with recurrent and nonrecurrent Clostridium difficile infection (2016)

To date, this study represents one of the largest studies focused on the relationship between predictive signals from the gut microbiota and the development of recurrent CDI. Our data demonstrate that specific microbiota-derived characteristics associate with disease severity and recurrence and that future studies could incorporate these characteristics into predictive models.
A multi-radio wireless P2P network testbed (2009)

Wireless peer-to-peer (P2P) networks have been widely studied in recent years. Testing and evaluating wireless P2P network protocols are challenging tasks because they require a powerful and flexible hardware platform and supervision interface. In this work, EZ270, a novel wireless node with multi-radio support is designed and developed. Based on EZ270, a general purpose wireless P2P network testbed with user-friendly supervision features is built. The functionality and effectiveness of the wireless nodes and of the testbed are demonstrated.
Spheroid Coculture of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells and Monolayer Expanded Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells in Polydimethylsiloxane Microwells Modestly Improves <i>In Vitro</i> Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell Expansion (2017)

While two-dimensional (2D) monolayers of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been shown to enhance hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HSPC) expansion in vitro, expanded cells do not engraft long term in human recipients. This outcome is attributed to the failure of 2D culture to recapitulate the bone marrow (BM) niche signal milieu. Herein, we evaluated the capacity of a novel three-dimensional (3D) coculture system to support HSPC expansion in vitro. A high-throughput polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microwell platform was used to manufacture thousands of uniform 3D multicellular coculture spheroids. Relative gene expression in 3D spheroid versus 2D adherent BM-derived MSC cultures was characterized and compared with literature reports. We evaluated coculture spheroids, each containing 25-400 MSCs and 10 umbilical cord blood (CB)-derived CD34<sup>+</sup> progenitor cells. At low exogenous cytokine concentrations, 2D and 3D MSC coculture modestly improved overall hematopoietic cell and CD34<sup>+</sup> cell expansion outcomes. By contrast, a substantial increase in CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>-</sup> cell yield was observed in PDMS microwell cultures, regardless of the presence or absence of MSCs. This outcome indicated that CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>-</sup> cell culture yield could be increased using the microwell platform alone, even without MSC coculture support. We found that the increase in CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>-</sup> cell yield observed in PDMS microwell cultures did not translate to enhanced engraftment in NOD/SCID gamma (NSG) mice or a modification in the relative human hematopoietic lineages established in engrafted mice. In summary, there was no statistical difference in CD34<sup>+</sup> cell yield from 2D or 3D cocultures, and MSC coculture support provided only modest benefit in either geometry. While the high-throughput 3D microwell platform may provide a useful model system for studying cells in coculture, further optimization will be required to generate HSPC yields suitable for use in clinical applications.
Kronecker Compressive Sensing (2011)

Compressive sensing (CS) is an emerging approach for the acquisition of signals having a sparse or compressible representation in some basis. While the CS literature has mostly focused on problems involving 1-D signals and 2-D images, many important applications involve multidimensional signals; the construction of sparsifying bases and measurement systems for such signals is complicated by their higher dimensionality. In this paper, we propose the use of Kronecker product matrices in CS for two purposes. First, such matrices can act as sparsifying bases that jointly model the structure present in all of the signal dimensions. Second, such matrices can represent the measurement protocols used in distributed settings. Our formulation enables the derivation of analytical bounds for the sparse approximation of multidimensional signals and CS recovery performance, as well as a means of evaluating novel distributed measurement schemes.
Resistive Switching of SnO<sub>2</sub> Thin Films on Glass Substrates (2011)

Resistive switching of SnO2 thin films deposited by RF magnetron reactive sputtering at room temperature was investigated. Ag/SnO2/Ti structures were fabricated on glass substrates for current-voltage characteristics evaluation. Repeatable unipolar switching was observed using a compliance current of 10 mA and limiting the reset voltage between 0.8 and 1.2 V. Different top contact area were fabricated indicating a filamentary forming mechanism. Furthermore, a retention memory analysis was performed indicating an acceptable device behavior through time. An Ohmic conduction process was found in LRS and HRS. However for HRS, Ohmic conduction was observed only at voltages lower than 0.3 V. At higher voltages, conduction is not explained well by Ohmic, Poole-Frankel, Schottky emission, or space-charge-limited conduction. This indicates that a material structural change occurs at voltages above 0.3 V which is the onset to switching from HRS to LRS.
Chiral Bifunctional Acid/Base Catalysts (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Chiral Brönsted Base Catalysis Chiral Brönsted Base–Lewis Acid Bifunctional Catalysis Chiral Brönsted Base–Brönsted Acid Bifunctional Catalysis Chiral Lewis Base Catalysis Chiral Lewis Base–Lewis Acid Bifunctional Catalysis Conclusion References and Notes
Modulation of the Expression of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycan in Stimulated Human Monocytes (1989)

Proteoglycan biosynthesis was studied in human monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) after exposure to typical activators of the monocyte/macrophage system: interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). By morphological examination, both monocytes and MDM were stimulated by these activators. Treatment with IFN-gamma resulted in a slight decrease in the expression of [35S]chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) in both monocytes and MDM, whereas LPS treatment increased the [35S]CSPG expression 1.8 and 2.2 times, respectively. PMA, in contrast, decreased the CSPG expression 0.4 times in monocytes, whereas MDM were stimulated to increase the biosynthesis 1.9 times. An increase in the sulfate density of the chondroitin sulfate chains was evident following differentiation of monocytes into MDM due to the expression of disulfated disaccharide units of the chondroitin sulfate E type (CS-E). However, monocytes exposed to PMA did also express disaccharides of the chondroitin sulfate E type. Furthermore, the expression of CS-E in MDM was increased 2 times following PMA treatment. An inactive phorbol ester, phorbol 12,13-diacetate, did not affect the expression of CS-E in either monocytes or MDM when compared with control cultures, suggesting that protein kinase C-dependent signal pathways may be involved in the regulation of sulfation of CSPG. Exposure to LPS or IFN-gamma did not lead to any changes in the sulfation of the chondroitin sulfate chains.
The Effect of Interactivity on Learning Physical Actions in Virtual Reality (2008)

Virtual reality (VR) offers new possibilities for learning, specifically for training individuals to perform physical movements such as physical therapy and exercise. The current article examines two aspects of VR that uniquely contribute to media interactivity: the ability to capture and review physical behavior and the ability to see one's avatar rendered in real time from third person points of view. In two studies, we utilized a state-of-the-art, image-based tele-immersive system, capable of tracking and rendering many degrees of freedom of human motion in real time. In Experiment 1, participants learned better in VR than in a video learning condition according to self-report measures, and the cause of the advantage was seeing one's avatar stereoscopically in the third person. In Experiment 2, we added a virtual mirror in the learning environment to further leverage the ability to see oneself from novel angles in real time. Participants learned better in VR than in video according to objective performance measures. Implications for learning via interactive digital media are discussed.
Asymmetric [<sup>3</sup>H]‐labeling using ruthenium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation (2010)

Abstract The first general method for asymmetric tritiation using ruthenium catalyzed transfer hydrogenation and its application to the radiosynthesis of an exemplary prostaglandin EP4 receptor‐selective Prostaglandin E 2 analog is described. The methodology should be of general utility for the enantioselective preparation of α‐tritiated chiral secondary alcohols. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Annotating scientific images: a concept-based approach (2003)

Data annotations are an important kind of metadata that occur in the form of externally assigned descriptions of particular features in Web accessible documents. Such metadata are eventually used in data retrieval tasks on heterogeneous, possible distributed Web-accessible documents. In this paper, we present the model and realization of an annotation framework that scientists can employ to semantically enrich different types of documents, primarily scientific images made available through an image repository. Although we employ ontology like structures, called concepts, for metadata schemes used in annotations, our primary focus is on how concepts are actually used to annotate images and regions of interest, respectively, that exhibit features of interest to a researcher. It turns out that the combined consideration of domain specific concepts and annotated regions in images provides interesting means to analyze the usage of metadata regarding certain correctness and plausibility criteria. We detail our annotation management framework in the context of the Human Brain Project in which Neuroscientists record their observations on specific brain structures, and share and exchange information through concept-based annotations associated with images.
Einfluß von N-Düngung und Bodenbearbeitung auf Wurzelwachstumsdynamik, 14C-Assimilatverteilung und Rhizodeposition von Winterraps (Brassica napus L.) (2004)

und auf dem Rehmberg............
High-Rate Lithium Deintercalation from Lithiated Graphite Single-Particle Electrode (2010)

The electrochemical behavior of a lithiated graphite single-particle electrode during high-rate Li deintercalation in an organic electrolyte was investigated using a microelectrode technique. A Ni-plated metal filament (diameter: 10 μm) was attached to a mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) in the electrolyte under optical microscope observation, and galvanostatic charge−discharge tests were carried out. The discharge capacity of a lithiated MCMB particle (diameter: 18 μm) was 2.02 nA h in the potential range of 0.005−2.5 V vs Li/Li+. The fully lithiated MCMB particle showed an extremely high rate capability and released more than 98% of the accommodated Li at a constant discharge current of 1000 nA within 10 s. At discharge currents lower than 200 nA, the charge transfer process at the interface controlled the reaction of the single-particle electrode, and the Li diffusion process in the MCMB particle did not significantly affect the Li deintercalation rate. The charge transfer resistance for Li intercalation/deintercalation was in the range of 20−50 Ω cm2, and the apparent chemical diffusion coefficient of Li in the MCMB particle was estimated to be 8.3 × 10−8 cm2 s−1.
APPLICATION OF ADVANCED PRODUCTION METROLOGY FOR QUALITY IMPROVEMENTS IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING - ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF SURFACE STRUCTURES OF DENTAL IMPLANTS (2011)

Rapid development in biomedical engineer- ing demands the application of modern computerized meas- urement techniques and utilization of measuring devices with new technologies. Computer aided co-ordinate measur- ing technique can be particularly applied to evaluate the shape of non-technical structures with high accuracy. Meas- urement results create the basis for the improvement and optimization of future work in biomedical techniques and related areas. There are numerous important characteristics that de- scribe the implant quality required for a successful implant. Besides defining the macroscopic structure like material and shape, an implant should reach defined microscopic struc- ture such as the chemical, physical, mechanical, and topog- raphic characteristics of the implant surface. These different characteristics describe the effect activity of the attached cells that are in close proximity to the medical implant surface. By using initially developed advanced measurement techniques for engineering applications, the clinicians could be able to characterize biomedical surfaces to assist in their maintenance, modification, optimisation and trauma repair. With development of robust measurement tools of sophisti- cated production metrology and best practice protocols it will be possible to quantify the appropriate metrology so that it will be possible to improve the medical product and process quality and to provide assurance feedback to the clinicians to assure good practice, functional achievement and long service life of the restoration, implantation object.
VLSI assist for a multiprocessor (1987)

Multiprocessors have long been of interest to computer community. They provide the potential for accelerating applications through parallelism and increased throughput for large multi-user system. Three factors have limited the commercial success of multiprocessor systems; entry cost, range of performance, and ease of application. Advances in very large scale integration (VLSI) and in computer aided design (CAD) have removed these limitations, making possible a new class of multiprocessor systems based on VLSI components. A set of requirements for building an efficient shared multiprocessor system are discussed, including: low-level mutual exclusion, interrupt distribution, inter-processor signaling, process dispatching, caching, and system configuration. A system that meets these requirements is described and evaluated.
Preparation of polypropylene/Mg–Al layered double hydroxides nanocomposites through wet pan-milling: formation of a second-staging structure in LDHs intercalates (2017)

Pan-milling mechanochemistry induces second stage intermediate formation <italic>via</italic> co-intercalation of the dodecyl sulfate anion and PP macromolecular chain into the LDH gallery.
Ontogenetic Development of Intestinal Nutrient Transporters (1989)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Analysis of existing remote attestation techniques (2011)

ABSTRACT This paper has been written as a part of the research project that is working towards the implementation of dynamic behavioral attestation for mobile platforms. The motivation behind this paper was to analyze the existing remote attestation techniques in order to figure out their strengths and weaknesses. We have analyzed Integrity Measurement Architecture, Policy‐reduced Integrity Measurement Architecture, Property‐based Attestation, Remote Attestation on Program Execution, Semantic Remote Attestation, Trustable Remote Verification of Web Services, and Model‐based Behavior Attestation. Each of the existing remote attestation techniques was found to be effective in some situations but was found to be infeasible in others. Therefore, a new remote attestation technique is needed, which is platform independent and flexible enough to meet the challenges of today's scalable computing environments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hot Electron-Based Near-Infrared Photodetection Using Bilayer MoS<sub>2</sub> (2015)

Recently, there has been much interest in the extraction of hot electrons generated from surface plasmon decay, as this process can be used to achieve additional bandwidth for both photodetectors and photovoltaics. Hot electrons are typically injected into semiconductors over a Schottky barrier between the metal and semiconductor, enabling generation of photocurrent with below bandgap photon illumination. As a two-dimensional semiconductor single and few layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has been demonstrated to exhibit internal photogain and therefore becomes an attractive hot electron acceptor. Here, we investigate hot electron-based photodetection in a device consisting of bilayer MoS2 integrated with a plasmonic antenna array. We demonstrate sub-bandgap photocurrent originating from the injection of hot electrons into MoS2 as well as photoamplification that yields a photogain of 10(5). The large photogain results in a photoresponsivity of 5.2 A/W at 1070 nm, which is far above similar silicon-based hot electron photodetectors in which no photoamplification is present. This technique is expected to have potential use in future ultracompact near-infrared photodetection and optical memory devices.