gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel run-time auto-reconfigurable FPGA architecture for fast fault recovery with backward compatibility (abstract only) (2013)

A self-repairing fault-tolerant FPGA architecture is developed which is also compatible with existing island-style routing network. Due to this backward compatibility, the proposed architecture can not only be implemented easily in the existing FPGA devices but a new fault-tolerant FPGA device can also be fabricated utilizing the existing island-style routing architecture. A generic fault-tolerant Computation Cell is developed which can be incorporated in existing FPGA CLB (Configurable Logic Block) having 8 LUTs at least. The proposed fault-tolerant FPGA architecture is comprised of Computation Tiles each of which consists of computation cells which are able to heal themselves from transient errors. Computation Tile also contains stem cells which help computation cells to recover from permanent errors all at once. This architecture is centrally controlled by an on-chip fault-tolerant core whose main responsibility is to define the healing priority when an error occurs in more than one of the computation tile at the same time. It also communicates with the external PC software which identifies the faulty tile and reconfigures it through dynamic partial reconfiguration. The robust operation of a proposed architecture is implemented and verified on XILINX Virtex-5 FPGA device. From our proposed fault-tolerant scheme of utilizing the existing routing strategies together with partial reconfiguration of stem cells we achieved a number of benefits, including a fast fault recovery and avoidance of using complicated routing strategies, as compared to recently developed fault-tolerant FPGA architectures.
Lateral heat flow method for thickness independent determination of thermal diffusivity (2007)

A pulsed transient thermography method is described where a high-intensity light pulse is used to heat a long, uniform stripe on the surface of a plate. A high spatial resolution, high frame rate focal plane array infrared camera is used to monitor surface temperature. We explain the theoretical model and data analysis framework used to experimentally determine all three thermal diffusivity components from the temperature measurements. The analysis does not require any fitting to the temperature profile and is based on the creation of thermal time-of-flight (tof) images from the temperature data and the relationship between tof and the distance from the stripe edge. The in-plane components of thermal diffusivity are obtained without the need for thickness information. Experimental validation of this procedure was carried out using anisotropic carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites.
High-Speed Efficient Terahertz Modulation Based on Tunable Collective-Individual State Conversion within an Active 3 nm Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Metasurface (2019)

Terahertz (THz) modulators are always realized by dynamically manipulating the conversion between different resonant modes within a single unit cell of an active metasurface. In this Letter, to achieve real high-speed THz modulation, we present a staggered netlike two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) nanostructure composite metasurface that has two states: a collective state with massive surface resonant characteristics and an individual state with meta-atom resonant characteristics. By controlling the electron transport of the nanoscale 2DEG with an electrical grid, collective-individual state conversion can be realized in this composite metasurface. Unlike traditional resonant mode conversion confined in meta-units, this state conversion enables the resonant modes to be flexibly distributed throughout the metasurface, leading to a frequency shift of nearly 99% in both the simulated and experimental transmission spectra. Moreover, such a mechanism can effectively suppress parasitic modes and significantly reduce the capacitance of the metasurface. Thereby, this composite metasurface can efficiently control the transmission characteristics of THz waves with high-speed modulations. As a result, 93% modulation depth is observed in the static experiment and modulated sinusoidal signals up to 3 GHz are achieved in the dynamic experiment, while the -3 dB bandwidth can reach up to 1 GHz. This tunable collective-individual state conversion may have great application potential in wireless communication and coded imaging.
Chemically treated plasma Aβ is a potential blood-based biomarker for screening cerebral amyloid deposition (2017)

MPP-Aβ might be one of the potential blood biomarkers for the prediction of PiB-PET positivity in the brain.
Design of a multi-channel photonic crystal dielectric laser accelerator (2020)

We propose a photonic crystal architecture for a dielectric laser accelerator that enables simutaneous acceleration of multiple electron beams. To achieve this, the band structure condition is discussed.
DIST-based detection and diagnosis of multiple faults in FPGAs (2002)

We present a BIST-based approach able to detect and accurately diagnose any single and most multiple faulty programmable logic blocks (PLBs) in field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). For any faulty PLB, we also identify its internal faulty modules or modes of operation. This accurate diagnosis provides the basis for both failure analysis used for yield improvement and for any repair strategy used for fault-tolerance. We present experimental results showing detection and identification of faulty PLBs in actual defective FPGAs.
Enhanced corrosion resistance in noble metal containing amorphous chromium alloys (1989)

The addition of noble metals to Cr-based amorphous alloys can dramatically improve their corrosion resistance. The results of x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and cathodic polarization measurements show that the noble metals concentrate on the surface of the alloys and affect both the cathodic and anodic reaction kinetics. The amorphous Cr alloys require far less noble metal content to provide corrosion resistance in HCl compared to the corresponding crystalline Cr alloys. This allows the development of amorphous Cr alloys that are extremely stable in both reducing and oxidizing acids at high temperatures.
All-fiber wavelength-tunable acousto-optic switch (2002)

We describe a novel all-fiber wavelength-tunable acousto-optic switch utilizing intermodal coupling in a two-mode fiber. Low loss (/spl sim/2 dB) operation was possible due to its all-fiber configuration with a fiber acousto-optic tunable filter and a mode-selective coupler.
Clinical and histopathological features of naturally occurring pancreas disease in farmed Atlantic salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L. (2002)

Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L . It was first described in Scotland in 1976 and has subsequently been found in Ireland, Norway and North America. The disease primarily affects Atlantic salmon smolts during their first year at sea and losses can be as high as 50% of the yearly smolt input, but more recently it has become more common in one sea winter fish. Although there have been numerous descriptions of presenting signs or of specific lesions, there has been no complete sequential clinical and histopathological description of the disease. The present study was therefore based on detailed observations on two farms in expectation of typical outbreaks of PD during 1991 and the subsequent evaluation of these findings in the context of a wide range of diagnostic submissions to the Department of Agriculture & Rural Development, Northern Ireland laboratory from 1992 to 1996. It aims to accurately describe and set diagnostic criteria for this important economic disease of farmed Atlantic salmon.
Joint Source-Channel Modeling and Estimation for Speech Dereverberation (2007)

Speech dereverberation is an important challenge in acoustic signal processing because of the detrimental effects upon the signal quality brought by the reverberant components due to acoustic reflections from the walls of the room enclosure. Most of the methods proposed so far such as microphone array beamforming and room impulse response inversion for deconvolution make very little use of the knowledge about the characteristics of the source signal. This paper presents a formulation of speech dereverberation as a probabilistic modeling problem in which joint estimation of the source and the channel (or its inverse) can be accomplished. We discuss reasonable representations of the source prior for inclusion in such a formulation and propose the corresponding solutions.
Synthesis and Photoreactivity of 7-Nitroindoline-<i>S</i>-thiocarbamates (2023)

The photolytic properties of <i>N</i>-acyl-7-nitroindolines make these compounds attractive as photocleavable protecting groups and "caged" compounds for the light-induced release ("uncaging") of biologically active compounds and as acylating reagents under neutral conditions. However, the synthesis of <i>N</i>-acyl-7-nitroindolines usually requires multiple steps, and the direct acylation of 7-nitroindolines can be quite challenging. 7-Nitroindolines with other types of <i>N</i>-carbonyl-containing groups may also be photoreactive and could potentially be better accessible. Here we demonstrate the short and efficient synthesis of 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline-<i>S</i>-thiocarbamates, a new class of photoreactive compounds, and the study of some of their photochemical and photophysical properties. Using 5-bromo-7-nitroindoline-<i>S</i>-ethylthiocarbamate as a model compound, we show that it can undergo one-photon and two-photon photolysis at 350 and 710 nm, respectively. Our experimental data and quantum chemistry calculations support a photolysis pathway that differs from photolysis pathways previously reported for <i>N</i>-acyl-7-nitroindolines. The photolysis with 350 nm light results in 5-bromo-7-nitrosoindoline, which is in equilibrium with its dimeric form(s), as supported by experiment and theory. This study expands the scope of photoreactive 7-nitroindoline derivatives and informs the development of novel photocleavable compounds.
ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channels: Structures, Functions, and Pathophysiology (1998)

ATP-sensitive potassium channels (KATP channels) play important roles in various tissues by coupling cell metabolic status to electrical activity. Recently, molecular biological and electrophysiological techniques have revealed the molecular basis of the KATP channels to be a complex of the Kir6.0 subunit, a member of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel subfamily Kir6.0, and the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) subunit, a member of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily; the functional diversity of the various KATP channels is being determined by a combination of the Kir6.0 subunit (Kir6.1 or Kir6.2) and the SUR subunit (SUR1 or SUR2) comprising it. Recent studies of the KATP channels have suggested mechanisms of KATP channel regulation and pathophysiology and also a new model in which ABC proteins regulate the functional expression of ion channels.
Exception Handling in Message-Based Integration Systems and Modeling Using BPMN (2016)

Enterprise Integration Patterns (EIP) are a collection of widely used patterns for integrating enterprise applications and business processes. These patterns represent a “de-facto” standard for design decisions when integrating enterprise applications. For the specification of integration scenarios, the patterns’ control and data flow syntax and semantics have been expressed in the Business Process Model and Notation (BPMN). However, exceptions during message processing are left for further studies. In previous work, we specified common technical, exceptional situations in integration systems and derive exception types, for which we define a compliant representation in BPMN, resulting in general patterns for exception handling and compensation. In addition to the patterns, the Exception Flow was introduced, evaluated syntactically and semantically for representative integration scenarios. In this work, we complement these contributions by extending the exception strategies and patterns, and by adding an evaluation of pattern-based compilation from BPMN-based integration descriptions to an open source integration runtime system.
A Clinical PET Imaging Tracer ([18F]DASA-23) to Monitor Pyruvate Kinase M2–Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma (2021)

We developed and translated [<sup>18</sup>F]DASA-23 as a new tracer that demonstrated the visualization of aberrantly expressed PKM2 for the first time in human subjects. These results warrant further clinical evaluation of [<sup>18</sup>F]DASA-23 to assess its utility for imaging therapy-induced normalization of aberrant cancer metabolism.
Determining similarity and inferring relations in a lexical knowledge base (1997)

This dissertation describes the creation of a large-scale, richly structured lexical knowledge base (LKB) from complex structures of labeled semantic relations. These structures were automatically extracted using a natural language parser from the definitions and example sentences contained in two machine readable dictionaries. The structures were then completely inverted and propagated across all of the relevant headwords in the dictionaries to create the LKB.
A method is described for efficiently accessing salient paths of semantic relations between words in the LKB using weights assigned to those paths. The weights are based on a unique computation called averaged vertex probability. Extended paths, created by joining sub-paths from two different semantic relation structures, are allowed in order to increase the coverage of the information in the LKB.
A novel procedure is used to determine the similarity between words in the LKB based on the patterns of the semantic relation paths connecting those words. The patterns were obtained by extensive training using word pairs from an online thesaurus and a specially created anti-thesaurus.
The similarity procedure and the path accessing mechanism are used in a procedure to infer semantic relations that are not explicitly stored in the LKB. In particular, the utility of such inferences is discussed in the context of disambiguating phrasal attachments in a natural language understanding system.
Quantitative results indicate that the size and coverage of the LKB created in this research and the effectiveness of the methods for accessing explicit and implicit information contained therein represent significant progress toward the development of a truly broad-coverage semantic component for natural language processing.
A new simplified approach for capacitor voltage balancing of flying capacitor multilevel converters using space vector modulation (2014)

This paper presents a new, simple and generalized approach to calculate flying capacitor currents for an n-level flying capacitor converter without the use of look-up tables. The performance of the proposed method has been studied for a three-, four- and five-level flying capacitor converter in MATLAB/Simulink environment.
Living Radical Polymerizations Using Sodium Iodide and Potassium Iodide as Catalysts (2015)

Sodium iodide (NaI) and potassium iodide (KI) were utilized as efficient catalysts for living radical polymerization. The studied monomer was methyl methacrylate (MMA). NaI and KI were dissolved in MMA through the addition of crown ethers and a polyether, i.e., diethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme). The polymer molecular weight and its distribution (M w/M n = 1.2–1.4) were well controlled with high conversions (e.g., 80–90%) in reasonably short times (3–6 h) at mild temperatures (60–70 °C) in the MMA polymerizations. The effects of the ethers on the polymerization behavior were systematically studied in this work.
A study on convergence speed of an orthogonal function‐type adaptive digital filter (1991)

Abstract An adaptive digital filter (orthogonal function‐type ADF) composed of an orthogonal function system which can locate poles of a transfer function in arbitrary positions in the unit circle in the z plane is known as a way to improve convergence speed in the case in which input is a colored signal (such as voice). However, no sufficient theoretical investigation has been done on the reason why this ADF rapidly converges to the colored signal input. This paper derives an equivalent circuit of an orthogonal function‐type ADF in the case in which poles of a transfer function are located in equal space on the unit circle in the z plane. Then the convergence speed using this equivalent circuit is considered. It is shown that the orthogonal function‐type ADF is equivalent to a construction due to a periodic process of an input of the known ADF using the frequency sampling filter (frequency sampling‐type ADF). In other words, even if input is colored like voice and aperiodic process, in the orthogonal function type it is shown that orthogonality between tap coefficient inputs is preserved. Furthermore, these studied results are verified by computer simulations.
Biobased building blocks for the rational design of renewable block polymers (2014)

Block polymers (BPs) derived from biomass (biobased) are necessary components of a sustainable future that relies minimally on petroleum-based plastics for applications ranging from thermoplastic elastomers and pressure-sensitive adhesives to blend compatibilizers. To facilitate their adoption, renewable BPs must be affordable, durable, processable, versatile, and reasonably benign. Their desirability further depends on the relative sustainability of the renewable resources and the methods employed in the monomer and polymer syntheses. Various strategies allow these BPs' characteristics to be tuned and enhanced for commercial applications, and many of these techniques also can be applied to manipulate the wide-ranging mechanical and thermal properties of biobased and self-assembling block polymers. From feedstock to application, this review article highlights promising renewable BPs, plus their material and assembly properties, in support of de novo design strategies that could revolutionize material sustainability.
A Bacterial Small-Molecule Three-Hybrid System (2002)

A method for in vivo affinity chromatography, the yeast three-hybrid assay simplifies protein identification and amplification at the end of affinity panning. The bacterial system described should increase, by several orders of magnitude, the number of protein variants that can be assayed (see picture; SLF = synthetic analogue of FK506; Mtx = methotrexate; FKBP12 = FK506-binding protein 12; DHFR = dihydrofolate reductase; λcI = λ-repressor; αNTD = N-terminal domain of the α-subunit of RNA Pol; RNA Pol = RNA polymerase). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z18636_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A chat information service system using a humanoid robot (2006)

In this paper, we describe development of an information service system using a humanoid robot. This system provides information such as topical news articles through conversations. Our goal is to evolve a conversational robot that can carry on conversations and enlighten the user. We think that achieving fun conversations is the basis for creating real symbiotic robots. This robot provides news information whether users explicitly ask for it or not during the conversation in order to attract users to conversations with the robot. The developed conversation mechanism is a natural extension of chatbot. Priorities for possible answers in response to user inputs are determined according to the dialogue strategy. This scheme is used for searching items from a news article database. With this method, one does not have to define an explicit domain model. This system can use pre-fixed databases but also renewable ones. We demonstrate the proposed idea on the humanoid robot, ASIMO.
Bayesian Time Delay Estimation of GNSS Signals in Dynamic Multipath Environments (2008)

A sequential Bayesian estimation algorithm for multipath mitigation is presented, with an underlying movement model that is especially designed for dynamic channel scenarios. In order to facilitate efficient integration into receiver tracking loops, it builds upon complexity reduction concepts that previously have been applied within maximum likelihood (ML) estimators. To demonstrate its capabilities under different GNSS signal conditions, simulation results are presented for both BPSK‐modulated and BOC‐(1,1) modulated navigation signals.
KAGE: a new fast RLS algorithm (2002)

A new fast recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm is introduced. By making use of RLS interpolation as well prediction, the algorithm generates the transversal filter weights without suffering the poor numerical attributes of the FTF algorithm. The Kalman gain vector is generated at each time step in terms of interpolation residuals. The interpolation residuals are calculated in an order recursive manner. For an Nth order problem the procedure requires O(NlogN) operations. This is achieved via a divide and conquer approach. Computer simulations suggest the new algorithm is numerically robust, running successfully for many millions of iterations.
Structure and Function of HNK-1 Sulfotransferase (1999)

HNK-1 glycan, sulfo-->3GlcAbeta1-->3Galbeta1-->4GlcNAc-->R, is uniquely enriched in neural cells and natural killer cells and is thought to play important roles in cell-cell interaction. HNK-1 glycan synthesis is dependent on HNK-1 sulfotransferase (HNK-1ST), and cDNAs encoding human and rat HNK-1ST have been recently cloned. HNK-1ST belongs to the sulfotransferase gene family, which shares two homologous sequences in their catalytic domains. In the present study, we have individually mutated amino acid residues in these conserved sequences and determined how such mutations affect the binding to the donor substrate, adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate, and an acceptor. Mutations of Lys(128), Arg(189), Asp(190), Pro(191), and Ser(197) to Ala all abolished the enzymatic activity. When Lys(128) and Asp(190) were conservatively mutated to Arg and Glu, respectively, however, the mutated enzymes still maintained residual activity, and both mutant enzymes still bound to adenosine 3',5'-diphosphate-agarose. K128R and D190E mutant enzymes, on the other hand, exhibited reduced affinity to the acceptor as demonstrated by kinetic studies. These findings, together with those on the crystal structure of estrogen sulfotransferase and heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/sulfotransferase, suggest that Lys(128) may be close to the 3-hydroxyl group of beta-glucuronic acid in a HNK-1 acceptor. In contrast, the effect by mutation at Asp(190) may be due to conformational change because this amino acid and Pro(191) reside in a transition of the secondary structure of the enzyme. These results indicate that conserved amino acid residues in HNK-1ST play roles in maintaining a functional conformation and are directly involved in binding to donor and acceptor substrates.