gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver-island films as substrates for enhanced Raman scattering: effect of deposition rate on intensity (1991)

The relationship between surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) intensity and the rate of deposition during silver-island film preparation was examined, using zinc tetraphenylporphine (ZnTPP) as the adsorbate. The effect of the deposition rate on the optical properties of the films at specific wavelengths was also analyzed. The data show that the film extinction (the term extinction is used rather than absorption because the spectra have not been corrected for reflection or scattering losses) increases exponentially at 514 and 458 nm as the deposition rate is decreased. SERRS intensities also increase exponentially at these two excitation wavelengths with a decrease in the deposition rate. The optical density is linearly related to the SERRS intensity, and maximal enhancement is observed for films with the greatest extinction at these excitation wavelengths. In contrast, neither the extinction at 406 nm nor the SERRS scattering intensities resulting from excitation at this wavelength differ substantially. The surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) intensity and the electronic spectra of 4,4'-bipyridine (BP) adsorbed onto silver films as a function deposition rate were also examined. The behavior of the nonresonantly enhanced BP is comparable to that of the resonantly enhanced ZnTPP samples. The effects of the surface morphology, as determined from transmission electron micrographs of the films at various deposition rates, on the corresponding electronic spectra and SERS/SERRS spectra are described.
Time-of-Flight Flow Imaging Using NMR Remote Detection (2005)

A time-of-flight imaging technique is introduced to visualize fluid flow and dispersion through porous media using NMR. As the fluid flows through a sample, the nuclear spin magnetization is modulated by rf pulses and magnetic field gradients to encode the spatial coordinates of the fluid. When the fluid leaves the sample, its magnetization is recorded by a second rf coil. This scheme not only facilitates a time-dependent imaging of fluid flow, it also allows a separate optimization of encoding and detection subsystems to enhance overall sensitivity. The technique is demonstrated by imaging gas flow through a porous rock.
Do predictions of visual perception aid design? (2011)

Understanding and exploiting the abilities of the human visual system is an important part of the design of usable user interfaces and information visualizations. Designers traditionally learn qualitative rules of thumb for how to enable quick, easy, and veridical perception of their design. More recently, work in human and computer vision has produced more quantitative models of human perception, which take as input arbitrary, complex images of a design. In this article, we ask whether models of perception aid the design process, using our tool DesignEye as a working example of a perceptual tool incorporating such models. Through a series of interactions with designers and design teams, we find that the models can help, but in somewhat unexpected ways. DesignEye was capable of facilitating A/B comparisons between designs, and judgments about the quality of a design. However, overall “goodness” values were not very useful, showed signs of interfering with a natural process of trading off perceptual vs. other design issues, and would likely interfere with acceptance of a perceptual tool by professional designers. Perhaps most surprisingly, DesignEye, by providing in essence a simple visualization of the design, seemed to facilitate communication about not only perceptual aspects of design, but also about design goals and how to achieve those goals. We discuss resulting design principles for making perceptual tools useful in general.
La construcción social de la ciudad (2009)

The city is seen as a construction which his players develop
in the process of living in a particular territory and within the framework of all socio-economic processes. In this sense the urban space is understood as a social construction that involves a multiplicity of social relationships and linkages between actors that structure an order and a scenario in the given space and its distribution among the actors in a territory. The universe and the diversity that emerge from this context are presented in this paper. The analysis procedure used, which is based on the design of complex systems, tries to capture the process of construction of urban space in the territory chosen in all its complexity. This work is also based on the analysis of Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, and exposes a set of ideas of what we believe should be a fair city for its inhabitants.
MALDI−TOF−MS Analysis of Ruthenium(II)-Mediated Living Radical Polymerizations of Methyl Methacrylate, Methyl Acrylate, and Styrene (2001)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI−TOF−MS) has been employed for the analysis of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA), and polystyrene (PSt), which were obtained by ruthenium-mediated living radical polymerization. Proper selection of analysis conditions gave well-resolved spectra of these polymers (one m/z separation). The MS spectra of these polymers showed only one series of peaks separated exactly by the mass of monomers. The observed mass of each peak agreed well with the theoretical one, which possesses one initiator fragment at the α-end and one chlorine group (also from the initiator) at the ω-end. The observed isotopic distributions were in good agreement with the simulated distribution based on the polymer structure. On the other hand, the spectra of PMMA, PMA, and PSt prepared by conventional radical polymerization with AIBN showed two or three series resulting from bimolecular radical termination and uncontrolled initiation.
IL-1β and TNFα inhibit GPR120 (<i>FFAR4</i>) and stimulate GPR84 (<i>EX33</i>) and GPR41 (<i>FFAR3</i>) fatty acid receptor expression in human adipocytes: implications for the anti-inflammatory action of <i>n</i>-3 fatty acids (2017)

Regulation of the expression of GPCR fatty acid receptor genes has been examined in human adipocytes differentiated in culture. TNFα and IL-1β induced a marked reduction in GPR120 expression, mRNA level falling 17-fold at 24 h in adipocytes incubated with TNFα. In contrast, GPR84 mRNA was dramatically increased by these cytokines (>500-fold for IL-1β at 4 h); GPR41 expression was also stimulated. Rosiglitazone did not affect GPR84 expression, but GPR120 and GPR41 expression increased. Dexamethasone, insulin, linoleic and docosahexaenoic acids (DHA), and TUG891 (GPR120 agonist) had little effect on GPR120 and GPR84 expression. TUG891 did not attenuate the pro-inflammatory actions of TNFα and IL-1β. DHA slightly countered the actions of IL-1β on CCL2, IL6 and ADIPOQ expression, though not on secretion of these adipokines. GPR120 and GP84 gene expression in human adipocytes is highly sensitive to pro-inflammatory mediators; the inflammation-induced inhibition of GPR120 expression may compromise the anti-inflammatory action of GPR120 agonists.
The C−H···O Hydrogen Bond:  Structural Implications and Supramolecular Design (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe C−H···O Hydrogen Bond: Structural Implications and Supramolecular DesignGautam R. DesirajuView Author Information School of Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 9, 441–449Publication Date (Web):September 11, 1996Publication History Received4 March 1996Published online11 September 1996Published inissue 11 September 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar950135nhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ar950135nresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views8120Altmetric-Citations1550LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Acidity,Crystal structure,Crystals,Noncovalent interactions,Supramolecular chemistry Get e-Alerts
Plaque neutralization of bluetongue virus and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus in BHK21 cells. (1976)

President Roosevelt asks how the article is coming along. He also enjoyed the summer day with John Burroughs and the grapes.
Stem cell associated gene expression in glioblastoma multiforme: relationship to survival and the subventricular zone (2009)

Current therapies for glioblastoma (GBM) target bulk tumor through measures such as resection and radiotherapy. However, recent evidence suggests that targeting a subset of tumor cells, so-called cancer stem cells, may be critical for inhibiting tumor growth and relapse. The subventricular zone (SVZ), which lines the ventricles of the brain, is thought to be the origin for the majority of neural stem cells and potentially cancer stem cells. Therefore, we assessed the relationship between tumor contact with the SVZ as determined by MRI, cancer stem cell gene expression and survival in 47 patients with GBM. Using DNA microarrays, we found that genes associated with cancer stem cells were not over-expressed in tumors contacting the SVZ. Contact with the SVZ trended with shorter survival (median 358 versus 644, P = 0.066). Over-expression of CD133 (prominin-1) and maternal embryonic leucine zipper kinase (MELK) was associated with shorter survival, whereas mitogen activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) was associated with longer survival (P values 0.008, 0.005 and 0.002 respectively). Thus we found no evidence of a stem-cell derived genetic signature specific for GBM in contact with the SVZ, but there was a relationship between stem cell gene expression and survival. More research is required to clarify the relationship between the SVZ, cancer stem cells and survival.
The cost of privacy (2008)

Re-identification is a major privacy threat to public datasets containing individual records. Many privacy protection algorithms rely on generalization and suppression of "quasi-identifier" attributes such as ZIP code and birthdate. Their objective is usually syntactic sanitization: for example, k-anonymity requires that each "quasi-identifier" tuple appear in at least k records, while l-diversity requires that the distribution of sensitive attributes for each quasi-identifier have high entropy. The utility of sanitized data is also measured syntactically, by the number of generalization steps applied or the number of records with the same quasi-identifier. In this paper, we ask whether generalization and suppression of quasi-identifiers offer any benefits over trivial sanitization which simply separates quasi-identifiers from sensitive attributes. Previous work showed that k-anonymous databases can be useful for data mining, but k-anonymization does not guarantee any privacy. By contrast, we measure the tradeoff between privacy (how much can the adversary learn from the sanitized records?) and utility, measured as accuracy of data-mining algorithms executed on the same sanitized records.
<title>Virtual Phase Imager For Galileo</title> (1981)

In 1985 NASA will launch a Galileo spacecraft using a new generation slow-scan planetary imaging system based on a recently developed single-phase charge-coupled device (CCD) sensor. This paper presents the fundamentals of operation of this new technology called "Virtual Phase" as used in Galileo. The design and operation of an 800 x 800 Virtual Phase CCD is described, and performance parameters as well as advantages and limitations are discussed.
Insulin induces cobalt uptake in a subpopulation of rat cultured primary sensory neurons (2003)

Previous findings show that both the vanilloid receptor 1 and the insulin receptor are expressed on small primary sensory neurons. As insulin evokes activity in second messengers which could induce opening of the vanilloid receptor 1, we examined, by using the cobalt-uptake technique, whether or not insulin can activate cultured rat primary sensory neurons through activating the vanilloid receptor 1. Capsaicin (50, 100 and 500 nm) induced concentration-dependent labelling in primary sensory neurons. Preincubation of cells in insulin (10 micromoles) for 10 min followed by a 2-min wash did not produce significant change in the capsaicin-induced labelling. Coapplication of insulin (10 micromoles) with capsaicin, however, potentiated the 50 and 100 nm capsaicin-evoked staining. Insulin itself also produced cobalt labelling in a concentration-dependent manner. The size-frequency distributions of neurons showing capsaicin- or insulin-induced cobalt accumulation were similar. The insulin-induced cobalt labelling was significantly reduced by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, tyrphostin AG1024, the vanilloid receptor 1 antagonists, ruthenium red and capsazepine, the protein kinase inhibitor, staurosporine and the phospholipase C inhibitor neomycin. Double immunostaining of cultured primary sensory neurons and sections from dorsal root ganglia revealed that about one-third of the cells coexpress the insulin receptor and vanilloid receptor 1. These findings suggest that insulin activates a subpopulation of primary sensory neurons, probably through phosphorylation- and/or phosphatidylinositol(4,5)biphosphate hydrolysis-evoked activation of the vanilloid receptor 1. Although the insulin-induced activation of vanilloid receptor 1 seems to be a short-lived effect in vitro, in vivo it might play a role in the development of burning pain sensation in hyperinsulinism.
A modular sensor microsystem utilizing a universal interface circuit (2003)

The performance features of MEMS transducers allow the development of a new class of small, low-power sensor microsystems which utilize a suite of sensors to support a wide range of applications. This paper presents a system-level framework for constructing such microsystems where system modularity for application adaptability is a primary design consideration. System architecture, communication protocols, modular packaging, and interface electronics are discussed in general terms, and an implementation of these concepts is presented. Key requirements for microsystem modularity, such as a communication bus and a universal microsensor interface circuit which support plug-n-play operation for online reconfiguration, are developed and presented in this paper.
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Sake Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Kyokai no. 7 (2011)

The term 'sake yeast' is generally used to indicate the Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains that possess characteristics distinct from others including the laboratory strain S288C and are well suited for sake brewery. Here, we report the draft whole-genome shotgun sequence of a commonly used diploid sake yeast strain, Kyokai no. 7 (K7). The assembled sequence of K7 was nearly identical to that of the S288C, except for several subtelomeric polymorphisms and two large inversions in K7. A survey of heterozygous bases between the homologous chromosomes revealed the presence of mosaic-like uneven distribution of heterozygosity in K7. The distribution patterns appeared to have resulted from repeated losses of heterozygosity in the ancestral lineage of K7. Analysis of genes revealed the presence of both K7-acquired and K7-lost genes, in addition to numerous others with segmentations and terminal discrepancies in comparison with those of S288C. The distribution of Ty element also largely differed in the two strains. Interestingly, two regions in chromosomes I and VII of S288C have apparently been replaced by Ty elements in K7. Sequence comparisons suggest that these gene conversions were caused by cDNA-mediated recombination of Ty elements. The present study advances our understanding of the functional and evolutionary genomics of the sake yeast.
A novel dual resonant tank for ZVT DC-DC converters with synchronous rectifier (2011)

DC-DC converters, widely used in industry, are much more needed to supply higher power with higher efficiency in various applications. However, the conventional DC-DC converters cannot achieve higher efficiency owing to the switching and conduction losses. Thus, this paper aims at reducing these losses of conventional DC-DC converters by using zero-voltage-switching (ZVS), zero-current-switching (ZCS), and Synchronous Rectification (SR) with reduced reverse recovery time of junction diodes. A novel dual resonant tank for DC-DC converters with SR is proposed on the basis of existing topologies. To verify the proposed circuit, a prototype converter is implemented in this paper. The simulated and experimental results obtained have demonstrated that the proposed dual resonant tank can be practically implemented in conventional DC-DC converters to provide better performance as compared with existing topologies.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Diagnosis of Clinical and Subclinical Melioidosis (1989)

An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of specific IgG and IgM antibody to Pseudomonas pseudomallei was developed. The IgG-ELISA was compared with the indirect fluorescence assay for IgG antibody (IgG-IFA) and the indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test in studies with serum specimens from persons from endemic areas for melioidosis and from persons from nonendemic areas of Australia. The sensitivity and specificity of the IgG-ELISA were 90% and 99%, respectively, comparable to those obtained with the IgG-IFA. The IgG-ELISA was more sensitive than the IHA test (74%) and was more suitable than the IgG-IFA as a serologic screening test for melioidosis. The IgM-ELISA was compared with the IgM-IFA as a marker of disease stage in patients with melioidosis. There was good diagnostic agreement between the tests; 92% of patients with active disease gave IgM-ELISA titers greater than or equal to 1:5,120 and 93% of patients with subclinical melioidosis had IgM-ELISA titers less than or equal to 1:1,280. Of the overlap group of patients with a borderline IgM-ELISA titer of 1:2,560, approximately 33% were clinical cases. An uncommon disease stage consisting of a self-limited, short-term, flu-like, pyrexial illness accompanied by elevated serum IgM-ELISA titers (greater than or equal to 1:5,120) was seen in a small number of patients residing in endemic Australia.
Antilymphocytic antibodies and marrow transplantation. XII. Suppression of graft-versus-host disease by T-cell-modulating and depleting antimouse CD3 antibody is most effective when preinjected in the marrow recipient (1992)

A hamster antimouse CD3 monoclonal antibody (MoAb) opened the way to experimental studies on the suppression of allograft rejection and cytokine-related morbidity after treatment with antibodies modulating the CD3/T-cell receptor complex (CD3/TCR). Because earlier attempts to suppress graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in patients by in vitro treatment of donor marrow with anti-CD3 MoAb had remained inconclusive, we used a rat IgG2b antimouse CD3 MoAb (17A2) with fewer side effects to analyze suppression of GVHD in the mouse model. Detailed phenotyping of blood, spleen, and lymphnode T cells after the injection of 400 micrograms 17A2 in C57BL/6 mice showed 60% CD3 downmodulation and 50% T-cell depletion for spleen cells. Injection of these spleen cells, together with bone marrow cells, in fully mismatched preirradiated CBA mice delayed GVHD by only 6 days. Ex vivo treatment of donor cells with 17A2 was not effective. In contrast, conditioning of marrow recipients with a single injection of 17A2 delayed 50% GVHD mortality by 100 days and prevented GVHD altogether after prolonged treatment, with survivors showing complete chimerism and specific transplantation tolerance. This difference in antibody effect contrasts with earlier experiences with nonmodulating but more strongly T-cell-depleting MoAbs of the same isotype, which prevent GVHD no matter whether applied in vitro or injected into donor or recipient mice. Our data indicate that CD3/TCR reexpression in marrow recipients with no circulating 17A2 is the reason why ex vivo donor cell treatment with anti-CD3 MoAb is comparatively ineffective. Our data, which allow separate evaluation of cell-depleting and cell-modulating antibody activity, help to explain previous clinical failure to suppress GVHD and provide evidence in favor of conditioning the marrow recipient with anti-CD3 MoAb as a therapeutic alternative.
Platinum attachments on iron oxide nanoparticle surfaces (2010)

Platinum nanoparticles supported on metal oxide surfaces have shown great potential as heterogeneous catalysts to accelerate electrochemical processes, such as the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells. Recently, the use of magnetic supports has become a promising research topic for easy separation and recovery of catalysts using magnets, such as Pt nanoparticles supported on iron oxide nanoparticles. The attachment of Pt on iron oxide nanoparticles is limited by the wetting ability of the Pt (metal) on ceramic surfaces. A study of Pt nanoparticle attachment on iron oxide nanoparticle surfaces in an organic solvent is reported, which addresses the factors that promote or inhibit such attachment. It was discovered that the Pt attachment strongly depends on the capping molecules of the iron oxide seeds and the reaction temperature. For example, the attachment of Pt nanoparticles on oleic acid coated iron oxide nanoparticles was very challenging, because of the strong binding between the carboxylic groups and iron oxide surfaces. In contrast, when nanoparticles are coated with oleic acid/tri-n-octylphosphine oxide or oleic acid/oleylamine, a significant increase in Pt attachment was observed. Electronic structure calculations were then applied to estimate the binding energies between the capping molecules and iron ions, and the modeling results strongly support the experimental observations.
Common Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in <i>TCF7L2</i> Are Reproducibly Associated With Type 2 Diabetes and Reduce the Insulin Response to Glucose in Nondiabetic Individuals (2006)

Recently, common noncoding variants in the TCF7L2 gene were strongly associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes in samples from Iceland, Denmark, and the U.S. We genotyped 13 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across TCF7L2 in 8,310 individuals in family-based and case-control designs from Scandinavia, Poland, and the U.S. We convincingly confirmed the previous association of TCF7L2 SNPs with the risk of type 2 diabetes (rs7903146T odds ratio 1.40 [95% CI 1.30-1.50], P = 6.74 x 10(-20)). In nondiabetic individuals, the risk genotypes were associated with a substantial reduction in the insulinogenic index derived from an oral glucose tolerance test (risk allele homozygotes have half the insulin response to glucose of noncarriers, P = 0.003) but not with increased insulin resistance. These results suggest that TCF7L2 variants may act through insulin secretion to increase the risk of type 2 diabetes.