gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alternative spatial encoding for imaging magnetic nanoparticles (2012)

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) was introduced in 2005 and is one of the very few imaging methods capable of sensitivities that allow the term "molecular imaging" to be applied. Estimates of sensitivity allow nanograms of iron oxide nanoparticles to be imaged. MPI cyclically saturates the nanoparticles with an alternating magnetic field termed the drive field. The signal from the harmonics of the drive frequency is recorded. Localization is achieved by saturating the nanoparticles outside a "field free point." We present an alternative method of encoding the position of the magnetic nanoparticles. Signal is generated at the 2nd harmonic of the drive field only when a static magnetic field is present. Localization is achieved by placing a small static magnetic field gradient across the sample and the phase of the signal depends on the sign of the static field. The response of the nanoparticles at different static fields provides the localization. The localization can be modeled as a wavelet transform if the gradient is approximately linear. Smaller field gradients are required than in MPI. The sensitivity is potentially significantly higher than that of MPI; when minimum bandwidths are employed to achieve the maximum SNR, the SNR is 85% larger for new method. Variable resolution can be achieved. This is the first method capable of imaging the signal from a single harmonic independently of other harmonics. The new method has promise for low cost screening applications where only coarse localization might be required.
Anthracene‐Containing Binaphthol Chromophores for Light‐Emitting Diode (LED) Fabrication (2003)

Abstract Non‐crystalline anthracene‐containing binaphthol chromophores were synthesized, characterized, and used in the fabrication of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). Specifically, the target molecules were 2,2′‐dihexyloxy‐1,1′‐binaphthol‐6,6′‐bisanthracene ( BA1 ) and 2,2′‐dimethoxyy‐1,1′‐binaphthol‐6,6′‐bisanthracene ( BA2 ). Molecules BA1 and BA2 provide amorphous solids, as determined by their glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Efficient multilayer OLEDs containing BA1 and BA2 were fabricated by evaporation techniques. Differences in the electroluminescence frequencies of these devices suggests that the degree of alkoxide substitution controls the mobility within the binaphthol material, and therefore the recombination region in the device. Compound BA2 can also be used to dope CBP ((4,4′‐bis(carbazol‐9‐yl)biphenyl)) in the fabrication of highly efficient OLEDs.
Evaluation of alumina reinforced oil fly ash composites prepared by spark plasma sintering (2020)

Abstract The thermomechanical behavior of micro/nano‐alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) ceramics reinforced with 1‐5 wt.% of acid‐treated oil fly ash (OFA) was investigated. Composites were sintered using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique at a temperature of 1400°C by applying a constant uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa. It was evaluated that the fracture toughness of micro‐ and nanosized composites improved in contrast with the monolithic alumina. Highest fracture toughness value of 4.85 MPam 1/2 was measured for the nanosized composite reinforced with 5 wt.% OFA. The thermal conductivity of the composites (nano‐/microsized) decreased with the increase in temperature. However, the addition of OFA (1‐5 wt.%) in nanosized alumina enhanced the thermal conductivity at an evaluated temperature. Furthermore, a minimum thermal expansion value of 6.17 ppm*K −1 was measured for nanosized Al 2 O 3 /5 wt.% OFA composite. Microstructural characterization of Al 2 O 3 ‐OFA composites was done by x‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Oil fly ash particles were seen to be well dispersed within the alumina matrix. Moreover, the comparative analysis of the nano‐/microsized Al 2 O 3 /OFA composites shows that the mechanical and thermal properties were improved in nanosized alumina composites.
Fuzzy Set Theory in Image Processing (2005)

A gray tone image possesses ambiguity within pixels because of the possible multi-valued levels of brightness in the image. This indeterminacy is due to the inherent vagueness or imprecision embedded in an image, which can be adequately modeled using fuzzy sets. The fundamentals of fuzzy set theory has been reviewed in this chapter. Fuzzy enhancement techniques, such as fuzzy contrast enhancement, has been presented in detail. Fuzzy spatial filters have found applications for noise removal - this has been discussed here. Fuzzy histogram modeling has been presented. A number of mage segmentation techniques by fuzzy methods have been described here. The chapter concludes with an introductory note on neuro-fuzzy techniques for image analysis.
Solvent Annealing of Perovskite‐Induced Crystal Growth for Photovoltaic‐Device Efficiency Enhancement (2014)

Solvent-annealing is found to be an effective method to increase the grain size and carrier diffusion lengths of trihalide perovskite materials. The carrier diffusion length of MAPbI3 is increased to over 1 μm. The efficiency remains above 14.5% when the MAPbI3 thickness changes from 250 nm to 1 μm, with the highest efficiency reaching 15.6%.
Laser induced thermal lens effect for calorimetric trace analysis (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLaser induced thermal lens effect for calorimetric trace analysisN. J. Dovichi and J. M. HarrisCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 6, 728–731Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50042a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50042a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views848Altmetric-Citations172LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure of the von Willebrand factor domain interacting with glycoprotein Ib. (1988)

von Willebrand factor is a multifunctional adhesive protein of plasma, platelets, and endothelial cells that mediates a crucial interaction for normal hemostasis and thrombus formation by binding to platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib. We provide here evidence that this function involves two limited noncontiguous regions of the molecule, each contained within 15 amino acid residues, separated in the linear sequence by 205 residues, and maintained in close spatial proximity in the folded molecule by disulfide bonding. Definition of this chemical structure clarifies a fundamental mechanism of platelet adhesion to thrombogenic surfaces and sets the bases for obtaining synthetic replicas that may be used to modulate platelet function.
DSP-free ‘coherent-lite’ transceiver for next generation single wavelength optical intra-datacenter interconnects (2018)

We propose a DSP-free coherent-lite system that requires neither high-speed DSP nor high-resolution signal converters for deployment inside datacenters over single mode fiber links with reaches of 10 km and less. The removal of converters and DSP, in which some subsystems are fundamental for successful coherent detection, is enabled by either replacing DSP subsystems with optics having equivalent functions or by re-engineering the system. We validate in a proof-of-concept experiment the proposed DSP-free system using 50 Gbaud DP-16QAM delivering 400 Gb/s over 10 km of single mode fiber (SMF) below the KP4 forward error correction (FEC) threshold of 2.2 × 10<sup>-4</sup>. In addition, we perform a detailed experimental parametric study of the coherent-lite system in which various system parameters are swept such as baud rate, reach, laser power and laser linewidth. Our results verify that the coherent-lite system can be realized using low-cost DFB lasers with linewidths of a few hundred kHz. Moreover, we compare the performance of the coherent-lite system with that of a conventional coherent transceiver leveraging the full DSP stack. Then, we evaluate the power consumption savings achieved by the coherent-lite scheme relative to a classic DSP-based coherent system. Assuming a CMOS node ranging from 28 to 7 nm for DSP implementation, our estimate shows that the coherent-lite scheme can save 95 to 78% of the power consumed by the following subsystems: analog-to-digital converters, chromatic dispersion compensation, 2 × 2 MIMO polarization demultiplexing and carrier recovery. Finally, we compare the power consumption of the coherent-lite scheme with more standard 400G IM-DD systems utilizing either eight or four parallel WDM lanes (8 × 50G and 4 × 100G). The coherent-lite system is found to have similar module power consumption requirements as a corresponding 4 × 100G IM-DD system while bringing the benefits of coherent detection including improved sensitivity and higher spectral efficiency leading to fewer light sources per transceiver module. To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first experimental demonstration of a DSP-free coherent-lite system for single channel 400G datacenter 10 km interconnects, a potential attractive solution due to its scalability to future 800G and 1.6T intra-datacenter optical interconnects.
Memristor based high fan-out logic gates (2016)

The application of memristors in logic operations has recently gained importance and is being investigated. The work presented in this paper describes a new low power technique of using memristors to perform arithmetic operations. It focuses on reducing the hardware costs and associated design complexity. The idea of “logic implication” is combined with an analog technique of using current mirrors to perform logic operations. By using current mirrors, the problem of limited fan-out of logic implication can be overcome, enabling more parallel operations to run together. The delay for even an XOR operation can be reduced to 1 cycle, compared to the 5 cycles taken by logic implication. The design of a full adder is also described. It is shown that the delay to sum and carry is 2 cycles each. Metrics like area and latency are compared to previous works.
Development of Three-Phase HB-type Stepping Motors. (1996)

In hybrid (HB) type stepping motors, two and five-phases are used respectively for medium and high resolution purposes, but three-phase motors have been disregarded. Then we started in the development of three-phase HB-type motors, believing in their possibilities. In this paper, design consideration and measured performance of three-phase HB-type motors are described. The developed motor (B) with 3.7° step angle has comparable torque characteristics and reduced vibration as compared with the usual two-phase motor, and the motor (A) with 0.6° step angle is able to rotate at a speed of over 2, 000 rpm by attaching an elastic inertia damper. In conclusion, three-phase HB-type stepping motors are expected to have a bright future.
Arsenic trioxide in the treatment of haematological malignancies (2004)

Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) for leukaemia treatment was described a century ago. Recent resurgence in the use of arsenic trioxide is related to its high efficacy in acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). Most arsenic trioxide preparations are intravenous, although an oral formulation is similarly efficacious. Side effects of arsenic trioxide are usually minor, including skin reactions, gastrointestinal upset, and reversible increases in transaminases. During therapy, a leukocytosis occasionally occurs, which may be complicated by fluid accumulation and pulmonary infiltration. Arsenic trioxide causes an asymptomatic QT prolongation in most patients. However, if concomitant cardiopulmonary diseases or electrolyte disturbances are present, more sinister arrhythmias may develop. Therefore, before commencement of arsenic trioxide therapy, a full cardiac assessment and avoidance of drugs that prolong QT interval should be instituted. Arsenic trioxide is partly renally excreted and, therefore, dose adjustment is required when renal function is impaired. In addition to its use in APL, arsenic trioxide is now tested in other malignancies, notably multiple myeloma.
Nuclear fuel element and method for making same. [HTGR] (1977)

A nuclear fuel element and a method for making the fuel element are described. The fuel element comprises a graphite block in which elongated holes are filled with nuclear fuel. The nuclear fuel in each of the holes comprises a plurality of fuel rod segments which are, before firing, spaced from each other by a plurality of spacers. Upon firing, the spacer material gasifies, leaving unfilled gaps between the fuel rod segments. 6 claims, 3 figures.
Photopatternable fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone) for optical waveguide devices (2006)

Fluorinated poly(arylene ether)s are attractive for the fabrication of optical waveguide devices for photonic applications due to their low optical attenuation and high thermal stability. A variety of waveguide devices have been fabricated in these polymers through thermal crosslinking followed by a reactive ion etch process. This work reports on the use of a novel fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone) incorporating tetrafluorostyrol groups for photo-crosslinking. This new molecular design allows sufficient photosensitivity to fabricate waveguides through a UV direct patterning and wet-etch method, offering a fast, convenient and economic approach to making polymer photonic devices. Data concerning the polymer molecular structure and choice of suitable photo-initiators for the fabrication of the devices are presented in this paper. Based upon the optical and thermal properties of the resultant materials it appears that similar degrees of polymer crosslinking can be achieved using the photo-curing process as those using a thermal crosslinking process. High quality waveguide devices with smooth, well-defined sidewalls are demonstrated. Optical characterization of these devices suggests that the waveguide quality is comparable to that of waveguides fabricated using a dry etch process.
Development of the Miniature Pulse Tube Cryocooler (2004)

Fuji Electric has developed a pulse tube cryocooler (PTC) with in‐line configuration with a cooling capacity of 3 W at 70 K and requiring 100 W of electrical input power. The emphasis has been on compactness, lightweight, high performance and low cost. In particular, the dimensions of the PTC have been reduced to a width of 190 mm and a height of 300 mm. Presently, we are developing a U‐shaped PTC based on the technology of the in‐line PTC. The advantage of the U‐shaped PTC is that the cold head is located at the end for easy accessing. The key issue for developing the U‐shaped PTC is the design of the flow straightener at the cold head. As a first step in the development we visualized the inside of the pulse tube by using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The design of the flow straightener is based on the visualization results. Preliminary tests indicated that the cooling performance of the U‐shaped PTC is 2 W at 70 K while requiring 51 W PV power. We will present the test results on the U‐shaped PTC as well as the in‐line PTC.
Production of Hydrogen and Ammonia Synthesis Gas by Pressure Swing Adsorption (1990)

Abstract Two new pressure swing adsorption processes for the simultaneous production of hydrogen or ammonia synthesis gas and carbon dioxide from a reformer off-gas feed are described. Both products are produced at high purity and recovery. Performance data for these processes are reported.
Recent improvements in the field of A<sub>3</sub>adenosine receptor ligands (2005)

Adenosine regulates many physiol. functions via specific cell membrane receptors. To date, four adenosine receptor subtypes have been cloned, A1, A2A, A2B and A3, each of which exhibits a unique tissue distribution, ligand affinity and signal transduction mechanism. The pathophysiol. role of the A3 receptor might be very different from that of the A1 and A2A subtypes, in that A3 receptors could act as endogenous regulators under conditions of more severe challenge. To fully evaluate the biol. role of these receptors, subtype-selective agonists and antagonists with high affinity are required. Although most of the available ligands are only moderately selective for human A3 receptors, they have been useful probes to elucidate the function of this receptor subtype and have suggested a role for A3 receptors in inflammation, neurodegeneration, asthma and cardiac ischemia. Indeed, A3 receptor antagonists have been hypothesized to act as potential anti-asthmatic, anti-inflammatory or cerebroprotective agents. Moreover, A3 antagonists have been reported to induce apoptotic effects in some tumor cell lines at low concn., whereas A3 adenosine agonists appear to exert dual and opposite effects, either cytoprotective or cytotoxic, depending on the cell type and the level of receptor activation.
Microchip countercurrent electroseparation (2003)

We report a microchip-based method for separating charged molecules according to electrophoretic mobility. The method is based on opposed electroosmotic, electrophoretic and convective forces. Similar to isoelectric focusing, solute can be accumulated into stationary zones, but without use of ampholytes. The method of "microchip countercurrent electroseparation" described here has potential application in the design of microfluidic separation chips.
Kaurane Diterpenes from Isodon japonicus Inhibit Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 Production and NF-κB Activation in LPS-Stimulated Macrophage RAW264.7 Cells (2001)

A methanolic extract of the whole plant of Isodon japonicus (Labiatae) showed potent inhibition on the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW264.7 cells. Four known kaurane diterpenes were isolated by activity-guided fractionation and their structures were identified as kamebanin (1), kamebacetal A (2), kamebakaurin (3), excisanin A (4). All compounds also inhibited the LPS-induced NF-kappaB activation as assessed by NF-kappaB reporter assay and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Compounds 2-4 showed comparable inhibitory effects on the LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2, and activation of NF-kappaB without affecting cell viability. These results suggest that kaurane diterpenes could exert their inhibitory effects on the production of NO and PGE2 through the suppression of NF-kappaB activation, and be partially responsible for the anti-inflammatory activities of the genus Isodon.
Stabilized Vanadium Catalyst for Olefin Polymerization by Site Isolation in a Metal–Organic Framework (2018)

Vanadium catalysts offer unique selectivity in olefin polymerization, yet are underutilized industrially owing to their poor stability and productivity. Reported here is the immobilization of vanadium by cation exchange in MFU-4l, thus providing a metal-organic framework (MOF) with vanadium in a molecule-like coordination environment. This material forms a single-site heterogeneous catalyst with methylaluminoxane and provides polyethylene with low polydispersity (PDI≈3) and the highest activity (up to 148 000 h<sup>-1</sup> ) reported for a MOF-based polymerization catalyst. Furthermore, polyethylene is obtained as a free-flowing powder as desired industrially. Finally, the catalyst shows good structural integrity and retains polymerization activity for over 24 hours, both promising attributes for the commercialization of vanadium-based polyolefins.
Novel direct sequence spread spectrum multiple access technique (2002)

Code reuse multiple access (CRMA) is a new communication technique (patent pending) that employs direct sequence spread spectrum signaling for the access channel. It is similar to the spread ALOHA CDMA (SA/CDMA) and spread ALOHA multiple access (SAMA) multiple access techniques. The value of CRMA is that it improves on the multiple access collision performance of SAMA without the additional complexity required for SA/CDMA. It also removes some of the limitations of SAMA, since the spreading codes are not required to be maximal length codes of data symbol length. We compare the network throughput of CRMA to SAMA and to an equivalent multi-channel ALOHA system. We also discuss the combination of CRMA with ViaSat's patented paired carrier multiple access (PCMA) technique.
Stopping outgoing spam (2004)

We analyze the problem of preventing outgoing spam. We show that some conventional techniques for limiting outgoing spam are likely to be ineffective. We show that while imposing per message costs would work, less annoying techniques also work. In particular, it is only necessary that the average cost to the spammer over the lifetime of an account exceed his profits, meaning that not every message need be challenged. We develop three techniques, one based on additional HIP challenges, one based on computational challenges, and one based on paid subscriptions. Each system is designed to impose minimal costs on legitimate users, while being too costly for spammers. We also show that maximizing complaint rates is a key factor, and suggest new standards to encourage high complaint rates.
DNA Vaccines Suppress Angiogenesis and Protect Against Growth of Breast Cancer Metastases (2004)

Two novel oral DNA-based vaccines provide immune protection against breast cancer in mouse model systems. These vaccines are delivered by attenuated Salmonella typhimurium to secondary lymphoid organs and are directed against novel targets such as transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) and endoglin (CD105). Both vaccines elicit suppression of angiogenesis in the breast tumor vasculature and break peripheral tolerance by eliciting potent cell-mediated protective immunity against these tumor self-antigens resulting in effective suppression of breast tumor growth and metastasis.
Novel catalysts for thiophene synthesis at lower temperatures (1998)

Thiophenes can be synthesised in high yields from the reaction of C4+ oxygenates and CS2 at temperatures 140 °C lower than current industrial catalysts, using novel materials based upon chromium substituted iron oxide hydroxide.
A 23&#x03BC;W digitally controlled pMUT interface circuit for Doppler ultrasound Imaging (2015)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a fully integrated Tx/Rx front-end interface for Doppler Imaging with Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer (pMUT). The 4-Level Time Gain Compensation (QL-TGC) readout channel with an integrated biasing bank reduces Rx power with satisfactory noise performance (NF=17) and minimal area. The 65nm CMOS chip occupies 200 × 300 μm and has a total power consumption of 23μW, which is a 4x and 25x improvement over the state-of-art pMUT interface circuits, respectively.