gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Zn-Sn Alloy (2007)

The combination properties of copper foil surface can be improved by electroplating Zn-Sn alloy on it using alkaline pyrophosphate system.Effects of complex agent,pH,temperature,current density on the quality of the coating are investigated;on this basis,an appropriate additive is chosen,and its polarization behavior is also studied,thus the bath composition and process conditions for Zn-Sn alloy electroplating have been optimized.The processed electrolytic copper foil has been obviously improved in corrosion resistance,heat resistance and binding strength.
Deterministic Shaping and Reshaping of Single-Photon Temporal Wave Functions (2019)

Thorough control of the optical mode of a single photon is essential for quantum information applications. We present a comprehensive experimental and theoretical study of a light-matter interface based on cavity quantum electrodynamics. We identify key parameters like the phases of the involved light fields and demonstrate absolute, flexible, and accurate control of the time-dependent complex-valued wave function of a single photon over several orders of magnitude. This capability will be an important tool for the development of distributed quantum systems with multiple components that interact via photons.
Respiratory syncytial virus illnesses in human immunodeficiency virus- and noninfected children (1993)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract and febrile upper respiratory tract illnesses were prospectively assessed in cohorts of 83 infants born to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)- and of 48 infants born to non-HIV-infected mothers. Of the infants born to HIV-infected mothers, 18 were themselves infected with HIV, 26 were indeterminant and 39 were free from HIV. Ten RSV illnesses occurred in 8 HIV-infected, 2 illnesses in 2 indeterminant and 17 illnesses occurred in 17 non-HIV-infected children. RSV shedding was prolonged in HIV class P2- vs. non-HIV-infected children, at medians of 30 days (range, 1 to 199 days) and 6 days (range, 1 to 21 days), respectively (P = 0.02). Ribavirin and intravenous immunoglobulin failed to eradicate RSV from one child who shed virus for 199 days. Wheezing occurred in 1 of 4 vs. 9 of 10 episodes of lower respiratory tract illness in HIV-infected and non-HIV-infected children, respectively (P = 0.04). No differences were noted in duration of illness, temperature, respiratory rate or oxygen saturation between HIV- and non-HIV-infected children. Infection control and public health concerns regarding prolonged shedding of RSV in HIV-infected children must be recognized.
TrustBook: Web of Trust Based Relationship Establishment in Online Social Networks (2013)

Existing online social networks open the doors of socialization for their users by providing a few and easy steps towards user account creation. The major drawback of this feature is that current social network providers lack mechanisms of determining the authenticity of an account. A genuine user's account can be easily forged with fake profile information. There is simply no mechanism to assign or bind any unique identity with user's account that prevents its forged clone to be created on the same network or across multiple networks. One of the intentions of creating a forged account is to deceive the social circle of an individual and compromise their privacy. Accepting a friend's request from a forged account can badly compromise the privacy of an individual. All this can occur to the victim in a very short span of time before she discovers this attack and remove the fake identity holder from her friend's list. To tackle with the issue of identity theft and determining genuine user accounts in online social networks, we present in this paper a novel and real world's trust based approach for verifying the legitimacy of online social network accounts. We propose to use a verification process that utilizes the use of OpenPGP digital certificates and the web of trust consequently formed by them. We define two stages for our secure design. In the first stage, our approach requires digital certificates to be uploaded on the social network server at the time of user account creation. These digital certificates are verified to restrict forged account creation on the same network and across other social networks. In the second stage, to establish a new connection this digital certificate is sent along with the friend request to the recipient. The recipient verifies its authenticity based on the web of trust associated with that certificate. In order to implement our solution, we developed a social network prototype i.e. Trust Book. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the performance of our work against well know social networking site i.e. Face book by launching forged account attacks on both. There were three performance metrics used in the experiment i.e. applicability, reliability and usability. The observations showed that our approach is applicable to all kinds of interaction scenarios. Also it has a good resilience against profile cloning and other kinds of security attacks including session hijacking, replay and channel jamming.
Security in vehicular ad hoc network by using multiple operating channels (2016)

VANET refers to vehicular ad-hoc network. In this network vehicles moving on the roads communicate with each other and with the roadside units deployed specially for the vehicular communication to get the information of scenarios in their path ahead. Number of vehicles have increased tremendously and with it security threats have also increased proportionally, therefore, proper attention needs to be given on the security issues so that a comprehensive level of security can be attained. Considering the different security issues, few new solutions have been proposed in this paper which is likely to improve the security aspects and hence only security issues have been considered to priority.
Development of a Dielectric-Gas-Based Single-Phase Electrostatic Motor (2019)

Electrostatic motor can work as a supplement to the electromagnetic motor due to its simple structure, low cost, light weight, and high efficiency. This paper presents a dielectric-gas-based single-phase electrostatic motor with simplified construction. The motor design is focused on increasing the capacitance, subsequently the torque, to make the electrostatic motors competitive with the electromagnetic ones. Three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA) simulation and optimization process of the electrostatic motor is performed. A 50 W electrostatic motor with the torque of 0.25 N·m, which is the same order in magnitude with the fluid-filled electrostatic machine and induction machine at the similar power level, is designed. Losses including the friction loss, windage loss, and dielectric loss are predicted. Thermal fields are analyzed using FEA and the electrostatic motor presented can work stably at high ambient temperature. 3-D printing is used to build a prototype machine to eliminate the process of mould manufacture and achieve a weight reduction. Predicted capacitance of machine is compared with measured result and good agreement is achieved.
Endoscopic submucosal dissection for gastrointestinal neoplasms (2008)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is an advanced technique of therapeutic endoscopy for superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms. Three steps characterize it: injecting fluid into the submucosa to elevate the lesion, cutting the surrounding mucosa of the lesion, and dissecting the submucosa beneath the lesion. The ESD technique has rapidly permeated in Japan for treatment of early gastric cancer, due to its excellent results of en-bloc resection compared to endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR). Although there is still room for improvement to lessen its technical difficulty, ESD has recently been applied to esophageal and colorectal neoplasms. Favorable short-term results have been reported, but the application of ESD should be well considered by three aspects: (1) the possibility of nodal metastases of the lesion, (2) technical difficulty such as location, ulceration and operator's skill, and (3) organ characteristics.
Gentamicin interaction with Pseudomonas aeruginosa cell envelope (1986)

Gentamicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic known to inhibit protein synthesis, had a detrimental effect on the integrity of the cell wall of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 (a susceptible strain) as shown by electron microscopy using negative-staining, thin-sectioning, and freeze-fracture techniques. The disruption occurred in a sequential manner, moving from the outer membrane to the inner membrane, and could result in lysis of the cell. During this process the outer membrane lost 34% of its total protein and 30% of its lipopolysaccharide (measured as 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate) upon exposure to 25 micrograms of gentamicin per ml for 15 min. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the outer membrane proteins showed altered banding patterns after exposure to gentamicin. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry revealed a decrease in magnesium and calcium content (18 and 38%, respectively) in the cell envelopes after gentamicin treatment. It is proposed that gentamicin displaces essential metal cations within the outer membrane, consequently destabilizing and extracting organic constituents. Small transient holes are thereby produced which make the outer membrane more permeable to the antibiotic and which expose the protoplast to high concentrations of gentamicin. This membrane effect may contribute to the effects of protein synthesis inhibition during the killing process.
Elicitation of attributes for the evaluation of audio-on-audio interference (2014)

An experiment to determine the perceptual attributes of the experience of listening to a target audio program in the presence of an audio interferer was performed. The first stage was a free elicitation task in which a total of 572 phrases were produced. In the second stage, a consensus vocabulary procedure was used to reduce these phrases into a comprehensive set of attributes. Groups of experienced and inexperienced listeners determined nine and eight attributes, respectively. These attribute sets were combined by the listeners to produce a final set of 12 attributes: masking, calming, distraction, separation, confusion, annoyance, environment, chaotic, balance and blend, imagery, response to stimuli over time, and short-term response to stimuli. In the third stage, a simplified ranking procedure was used to select only the most useful and relevant attributes. Four attributes were selected: distraction, annoyance, balance and blend, and confusion. Ratings using these attributes were collected in the fourth stage, and a principal component analysis performed. This suggested two dimensions underlying the perception of an audio-on-audio interference situation: The first dimension was labeled "distraction" and accounted for 89% of the variance; the second dimension, accounting for 10% of the variance, was labeled "balance and blend."
Slice‐selective fat saturation in MR angiography using spatial‐spectral selective prepulses (1998)

Presaturation of fat signals by frequency-selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses is often applied in MR angiography to improve the visualization of the blood vessels. Unfortunately, standard fat saturation methods might cause a considerable reduction of the blood signal in the measured slices. This effect is caused by an attenuation of blood magnetization in remote tissue regions with water protons showing a similar Larmor frequency as the fat protons in the recorded slice. The affected blood water protons subsequently flow into the recorded slice and provide low signal intensity. Suitable spatial-spectral selective methods for slice-selective fat saturation were developed to avoid this unwanted effect. A spatial-spectral fat saturation technique was compared with a corresponding only spectrally selective approach. Both saturation techniques were included in a standard two-dimensional (2D) cine sequence and applied in angiographic examinations of the thighs. The results indicate that spatial-spectral saturation (acting slice selectively) leads to a clearly higher blood signal intensity in fat-suppressed MR angiography compared with standard techniques, especially in measurements performed during the systolic phase of the cardiac cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Pyridone Azo Dyes from 1‐Substituted 2‐Hydroxy‐6‐pyridone Derivatives and Their Colour Assessment. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Emitter Orientation as a Key Parameter in Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2017)

Neatness counts, even in optoelectronics. Controlling the orientation of dye molecules in an organic light-emitting diode (OLEDs) is a powerful tool to improve its light outcoupling. By aligning transition-dipole-moment vectors parallel to the substrate plane, up to 40% quantum efficiency can be achieved. The authors give a comprehensive review of the physics behind this phenomenon, and highlight prospects for future device designs.
<scp>Does Reinsurance Need Reinsurers?</scp> (2006)

Abstract The reinsurance market is the secondary market for insurance risks. It has a very specific organization. Direct insurers rarely trade risks with each other. Rather, they cede part of their primary risks to specialized professional reinsurers who have no primary business. This article offers a model of equilibrium in reinsurance and capital markets in which professional reinsurers arise endogenously. Their role is to monitor primary insurers credibly, so that insurers can raise capital more easily. In equilibrium, the financial structure of primary insurers consists of a mix of reinsurance and outside capital. The comparative statics yield empirical predictions which are broadly in line with a number of stylized facts from the reinsurance market.
Subzone based magnetic resonance elastography using a Rayleigh damped material model (2011)

It is possible that Rayleigh damping elastography and the concomitant Rayleigh composition images provide a mechanism for differentiating tissue structure in addition to measuring elastic stiffness and attenuation. Such information could be valuable in the use of Rayleigh damped magnetic resonance elastography as a diagnostic imaging tool.
Ionization in a dense hydrogen plasma: analytic solution of the master equation (1978)

Abstract The master equation is solved analytically for the ionization in a dense hydrogen plasma involving single-quantum transitions. The derived expression for the observed ionization rate coefficient is valid for all temperatures at which the ionization time constant is long compared with the internal relaxation time constants. At high temperature, the observed ionization rate coefficient is determined by excitation and ionization from the ground level. At low temperature, a bottleneck occurs above the first excited state, and the expression reduces to a form foreseen by Bates as the counterpart to the network-like expression for recombination. The implications with regard to the temperature dependence of the rate coefficient are discussed.
An alternative transcript of the S locus glycoprotein gene in a class II pollen-recessive self-incompatibility haplotype of Brassica oleracea encodes a membrane-anchored protein. (1993)

Recent reports have shown that SLG, one of two genes linked to the S locus of Brassica, encodes a secreted glycoprotein. We have used RNA gel blot analysis, genomic and cDNA clone analysis, expression in transgenic plants, and immunodetection to characterize SLG2, the SLG gene derived from the S2 haplotype. This haplotype belongs to the class II group of S haplotypes that exhibit a weak incompatibility phenotype and are pollen recessive. We showed that SLG2 produces two transcript forms: the expected 1.6-kb transcript that predicts a secreted glycoprotein and an alternative 1.8-kb transcript that predicts a membrane-anchored protein. Stigmas of the S2 haplotype and pistils of transgenic tobacco plants transformed with the SLG2 gene produce a membrane-associated 62-kD protein as well as soluble 57- and 58-kD glycoforms. Because of the sequence similarity between SLG2 and the extracellular domain of the S Locus Receptor Kinase (SRK2) gene, the membrane-anchored form of SLG2 may be viewed as a naturally occurring truncated form of the receptor that lacks the kinase catalytic domain. The occurrence of this protein has potential implications for the activity of the full-length receptor. Furthermore, the underlying structure of the SLG2 gene suggests the evolution of SLG from an ancestral SRK-like gene.
Bundle Recommendation with Graph Convolutional Networks (2020)

Bundle recommendation aims to recommend a bundle of items for a user to consume as a whole. Existing solutions integrate user-item interaction modeling into bundle recommendation by sharing model parameters or learning in a multi-task manner, which cannot explicitly model the affiliation between items and bundles, and fail to explore the decision-making when a user chooses bundles. In this work, we propose a graph neural network model named BGCN (short for \textit{\textBF{B}undle \textBF{G}raph \textBF{C}onvolutional \textBF{N}etwork}) for bundle recommendation. BGCN unifies user-item interaction, user-bundle interaction and bundle-item affiliation into a heterogeneous graph. With item nodes as the bridge, graph convolutional propagation between user and bundle nodes makes the learned representations capture the item level semantics. Through training based on hard-negative sampler, the user's fine-grained preferences for similar bundles are further distinguished. Empirical results on two real-world datasets demonstrate the strong performance gains of BGCN, which outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines by 10.77\% to 23.18\%.
Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors (2011)

Functional roles for the cancer cell-associated membrane type I matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) during early steps of the metastatic cascade in primary tumors remain unresolved. In an effort to determine its significance, we determined the in vivo effects of RNAi-mediated downregulation in mammary cancer cells on the migration, blood and lymphatic vessel invasion (LVI), and lymph node and lung metastasis. We also correlated the expression of cancer cell MT1-MMP with blood vessel invasion (BVI) in 102 breast cancer biopsies. MT1-MMP downregulation in cancer cells decreased lung metastasis without affecting primary tumor growth. The inhibition of lung metastasis correlated with reduced cancer cell migration and BVI. Furthermore, cancer cell-expressed MT1-MMP upregulated the expression of MT1-MMP in vascular endothelial cells, but did not affect MT1-MMP expression in lymphatic endothelial cells, LVI, or lymph node metastasis. Of clinical importance, we observed that elevated MT1-MMP expression correlated with BVI in biopsies from triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC), which have a poor prognosis and high incidence of distant metastasis, relative to other breast cancer subtypes. Together, our findings established that MT1-MMP activity in breast tumors is essential for BVI, but not LVI, and that MT1-MMP should be further explored as a predictor and therapeutic target of hematogenous metastasis in TNBC patients.
Cell wall glycanases and their activity against the hemicelluloses from pine hypocotyls (1992)

Glycanases associated with the cell walls of Pinus pinaster Aiton from Northern Spain (29QT638, altitude 1000 m) were extracted with 1 M LiCl solution, and their effect on the hemicellulosic polysaccharides from the same material was studied. The extracted proteins were able to increase the amount of reducing sugars and to decrease the viscosity of the hemicellulosic polysaccharides extracted with both 4 and 24% (w/v) KOH, suggesting the presence of exo‐ and endo‐type glycanases. The extracted proteins released arabinose, galactose and xylose from both hemicellulosic polysaccharides, and caused an important depolymerization of xyloglucan. The results indicate that the changes in the hemicellulosic polysaccharides, i.e., xyloglucan depolymerization, found during cell elongation are caused by an enzymic system associated with the cell wall.
Coherent Detection-Based Automatic Bias Control of Mach–Zehnder Modulators for Various Modulation Formats (2014)

In this paper, a method to automatically control the bias voltages of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The automatic bias control (ABC) method is based on low cost coherent detection employing 3 × 3 optical coupler, which enhances the dither detection sensitivity. By minimizing the monitored dither frequency components which represents the residual carrier component in the optical signal, the modulator biases are optimized. A 0-π/2 square-wave phase modulation is introduced to mitigate the detection fluctuation induced by the imbalance of 3 × 3 coupler and improve the monitoring accuracy. Experiments show that the proposed method is universal for different modulation formats. High bias control precision is achieved for inner in-phase/quadrature (I/Q) branches and outer phase bias of optical quadrature modulator. The penalty caused by the proposed ABC is negligible for both single carrier (SC) modulation and optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing modulation. The tolerance to temperature disturbance is also demonstrated.
Accurate Prediction of Speech Intelligibility without the Use of In-Room Measurements (1991)

A new microcomputer-based implementation of the STI (speech transmission index) method is described along with the results of an experiment designed to test its accuracy. The accuracy of the new method is shown to be essentially the same as the accuracy of predictions based on in-room measurements
A Bactericidal Guanidinomethyl Biaryl That Alters the Dynamics of Bacterial FtsZ Polymerization (2012)

The prevalence of multidrug resistance among clinically significant bacterial pathogens underscores a critical need for the development of new classes of antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action. Here we describe the synthesis and evaluation of a guanidinomethyl biaryl compound {1-((4'-(tert-butyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyl)guanidine} that targets the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ. In vitro studies with various bacterial FtsZ proteins reveal that the compound alters the dynamics of FtsZ self-polymerization via a stimulatory mechanism, while minimally impacting the polymerization of tubulin, the closest mammalian homologue of FtsZ. The FtsZ binding site of the compound is identified through a combination of computational and mutational approaches. The compound exhibits a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity, including activity against the multidrug-resistant pathogens methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), while also exhibiting a minimal potential to induce resistance. Taken together, our results highlight the compound as a promising new FtsZ-targeting bactericidal agent.