gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A machine‐learning approach to negation and speculation detection in clinical texts (2012)

Detecting negative and speculative information is essential in most biomedical text‐mining tasks where these language forms are used to express impressions, hypotheses, or explanations of experimental results. Our research is focused on developing a system based on machine‐learning techniques that identifies negation and speculation signals and their scope in clinical texts. The proposed system works in two consecutive phases: first, a classifier decides whether each token in a sentence is a negation/speculation signal or not. Then another classifier determines, at sentence level, the tokens which are affected by the signals previously identified. The system was trained and evaluated on the clinical texts of the B io S cope corpus, a freely available resource consisting of medical and biological texts: full‐length articles, scientific abstracts, and clinical reports. The results obtained by our system were compared with those of two different systems, one based on regular expressions and the other based on machine learning. Our system's results outperformed the results obtained by these two systems. In the signal detection task, the F ‐score value was 97.3% in negation and 94.9% in speculation. In the scope‐finding task, a token was correctly classified if it had been properly identified as being inside or outside the scope of all the negation signals present in the sentence. Our proposal showed an F score of 93.2% in negation and 80.9% in speculation. Additionally, the percentage of correct scopes (those with all their tokens correctly classified) was evaluated obtaining F scores of 90.9% in negation and 71.9% in speculation.
Technological Advances in Physical Vapor Deposition (1983)

In the production of contact materials physical vapor deposition (PVD) technology is widely used. After a short description of the different PVD processes, the influences of the most important process parameters on the plating quality will be discussed. Also some technological applications will be cited.
A surface micromachined high directivity GPS patch antenna with a four-leaf clover shape metamaterial slab (2012)

A high gain patch antenna with a four-leaf clover shape metamaterial slab on top is implemented using the combination of multiple ceramic and organic layers for global positioning system (GPS) applications. The four-leaf clover shape metamaterial slab showing a refractive index of zero or close to zero is designed for high gain antenna applications. An effective refractive index of 0.5 is obtained for a designed architecture. As a source antenna, a circularly polarized rectangular patch antenna is implemented with two diagonal corners truncated. The demonstrated architecture not only increases the antenna gain, but also maintains the circular polarization. The antenna size is reduced by using a high dielectric constant ceramic substrate, where the overall antenna size is as small as 25 × 25 × 4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> . It is surface mountable and has circular polarization with a center frequency of 1.58 GHz, and a gain of 4.48 dB.
Sense and Sensitivity: FOXO and ROS in Cancer Development and Treatment (2010)

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors are at the center of an emerging paradigm that links longevity, cell fate, and tumor development. Key to these processes is the ability of FOXO to regulate, and be regulated by, oxidative stress. Perturbation of the mechanisms that tightly couple reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress signaling, and FOXO activity to the subsequent cellular response is a pivotal step in cancer development and progression. Consequently, the ROS-FOXO pathway is a major therapeutic target in cancer, not only as it mediates the cellular response to chemotherapy, but also because it underpins drug resistance. As the intimate and reciprocal relation between FOXO and ROS is being unravelled, new opportunities arise to develop more-effective cancer treatments that circumvent resistance to the conventional cytotoxic drugs.
Sp1 Is Essential for p16INK4a Expression in Human Diploid Fibroblasts during Senescence (2007)

All these results suggest that GC- II is the key site for Sp1 binding and increase of Sp1 binding activity rather than protein levels contributes to the induction of p16(INK4a) expression during cell aging.
A caching strategy to improve iSCSI performance (2003)

iSCSI is one of the most recent standards that allows SCSI protocols to be carried out over IP networks. However, to encapsulate the SCSI protocol over IP requires a significant amount of overhead traffic for SCSI commands transfers and handshaking over the Internet. In this paper, we propose a caching scheme, called iCache, to improve the iSCSI performance. iCache uses a log disk along with a piece of non-volatile RAM to cache the iSCSI traffic. Through an efficient caching algorithm, iCache can significantly improve performance over current iSCSI systems. Numerical results using popular benchmark program and real world trace have shown dramatic performance gain.
Consequences of Selection for Milk Yield from a Geneticist's Viewpoint (2000)

The annual genetic trend for milk yield of Holsteins in the United States has accelerated with time and had means of 37 kg during the 1960s, 79 kg during the 1970s, 102 kg during the 1980s, and 116 kg from 1990 to 1996. Selection programs of the dairy cattle breeding firms in the United States have become more selective and effective with time, and selection goals continue to place major emphasis on yield traits, which clearly impact profitability of dairying. Traits other than yield are also included in selection goals of the industry. Type traits, especially those related to udder conformation, body size, and angularity have been included in selection programs and have altered the appearance and physiological functions of Holstein cows. Selection programs have continued to increase the body size of Holsteins despite mounting evidence that smaller cows have advantages for survival and efficiency. Favorable emphasis on cows that appear sharper might result in cows that are more prone to metabolic problems. The high intensity of current selection in the United States has brought about a rapid increase in genetic relationships among animals. Increased relationships will inevitably result in undesirable levels of inbreeding in the commercial cow population unless dairy producers turn to crossbreeding.
Memory-Bounded A* Graph Search (2002)

The strategy for memory-bound A * search adopted by MA* (Chakrabarti et al. 1989), SMA * (Russell 1992), and SMAG * (Kaindl and Khorsand 1994) is to prune the leastpromising nodes from the open list when memory is full, in order to make room for insertion of new nodes. To preserve search information from pruned nodes, heuristic estimates are backed-up through the search graph. We show that even when the heuristic function is consistent, backed-up heuristic estimates become inconsistent. Thus, it is always possible to find a better path to a node that has been previously expanded. We describe how to modify a memory-bounded A * graph-search algorithm so that it handles the discovery of a better path to a previously expanded node in a more efficient way. We demonstrate its improved performance on a challenging graph-search problem in computational biology.
Effect of noninvasive vagus nerve stimulation on acute migraine: An open-label pilot study (2014)

nVNS may be an effective and well-tolerated acute treatment for migraine in certain patients.
Distribution of NMDA receptor subunit proteins NR2A, 2B, 2C and 2D in rat brain (1995)

The regional distribution of the NMDA receptor subunits NR2A, 2B, 2C and 2D was visualized in adult rat brain using the histo-blot technique with newly developed subunit-specific antisera. NR2A immunoreactivity was found in almost all regions of the brain, whereas NR2B staining was restricted to forebrain, and NR2D immunoreactivity to diencephalic, mesencephalic and brain stem structures. NR2C staining was confined to cerebellum, thalamus and olfactory bulb. Thus, NMDA receptors containing the NR2A subunit are likely to represent a receptor subtype predominant throughout the brain, while those containing the NR2B, NR2C or NR2D subunit represent more region-specific receptor subtypes. The regionally overlapping distribution of certain NR2 subunits points to the existence of NMDA receptors containing more than one NR2 subunit variant.
Orthogonal Polynomials and Gaussian Quadrature with Nonclassical Weight Functions (1990)

The subject of orthogonal polynomials crops up in a variety of different applications in both analytic and numerical work. Every different weight function (defined below) implies a different set of orthogonal polynomials. For the few most common, "classical" weight functions, the resulting polynomials are tabulated in standard references. In this column we will show you how to construct your own orthogonal polynomials when the weight functiol1 in your problem is not one of the classical forms. As an application, we will show how you can use a set of such orthogonal polynomials to carry out an otherwise intractable Gaussian quadrature.
Introduction to this special section: Impact of compressive sensing on seismic data acquisition and processing (2017)

The last 30 years have seen ever-increasing amounts of seismic data being acquired. It is now common to see 12 or more streamers deployed with a single seismic vessel, ocean-bottom sensors deployed by the thousands, or land surveys with channel counts into the many tens of thousands. The volume of data has been defined not only by the sensor density but also by the number of components recorded at each location. Radial data coverage has grown from narrow azimuth to multiazimuth to wide azimuth to full azimuth. A higher sensor count has only been a part of the data explosion story. Source effort has evolved as well, with continuous recording and a variety of simultaneous-source schemes being utilized. Data density and field effort have grown, and continue to grow, with the imaging and interpretational demands of the industry.
Modifying Perovskite Films with Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Ambient-Air-Stable Highly Bendable Solar Cells (2018)

One major drawback that prevents the large-scale practical implementation of perovskites is their susceptibility to performance degradation in humid environments. Here, we achieved uniform, stable perovskite films within a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) polymer frame via mild solution processing in ambient air with over 60% relative humidity. In addition to facilitating film formation, the hydrophobic PVP served to protect the perovskite grains from atmospheric moisture. Use of PVP, coupled with optimization of the deposition parameters, provided for compact, smooth, pinhole-free perovskite films that when incorporated into a photovoltaic device exhibited highly reproducible efficiencies in the range of up to 17%. In the absence of encapsulation, the devices exhibited stable performance characteristics during exposure to humid ambient air for 600 h. Furthermore, on flexible substrates, the 8 wt % PVP-perovskite samples provided for device efficiencies of ca. 15%. The devices retained ca. 73% of their efficiency after bending 1000 times with a bending radius of 0.5 cm.
Anatomy of a Disaster (1994)

We live with disasters every day. We have done so throughout our history. Small misfortunes, medium-sized adversities and overwhelming catastrophes plague mankind. They possess an inevitability which surprisingly perhaps makes them appear commonplace. The recent spate of man-made disasters has only emphasised their ordinariness. Until recently major catastrophes were the stuff of anecdote, legend and mythology: the seven plagues of Egypt, the Great Fire of London in 1666, the Los Angeles earthquake (1906), the sinking of the Titanic (1912) and the Lusitania (1915), the Great War (1914–18), Nagasaki and Hiroshima (1945), Auschwitz and Dachau (1939–44), the chemical gas leak at Bhopal (1984), the explosion at Chernobyl (1986), the King’s Cross underground fire (1987), the war and concentration camps in the former Yugoslavia (1991) and so on. On the face of it such catastrophes appear to comprise an ill-assorted collection of misfortunes which possess neither rhyme nor reason. Their sole common factor perhaps being the degree of misery inflicted on their victims. It is the human element which links these disasters and it can be argued that it is this element alone which qualifies an event as a disaster.
Peak Filtering, Peak Annotation, and Wildcard Search for Glycoproteomics (2020)

Glycopeptides in peptide or digested protein samples pose a number of analytical and bioinformatics challenges beyond those posed by unmodified peptides or peptides with smaller posttranslational modifications. Exact structural elucidation of glycans is generally beyond the capability of a single mass spectrometry experiment, so a reasonable level of identification for tandem mass spectrometry, taken by several glycopeptide software tools, is that of peptide sequence and glycan composition, meaning the number of monosaccharides of each distinct mass, e.g., HexNAc(2)Hex(5) rather than man5. Even at this level, however, glycopeptide analysis poses challenges: finding glycopeptide spectra when they are a tiny fraction of the total spectra; assigning spectra with unanticipated glycans, not in the initial glycan database; and finding, scoring, and labeling diagnostic peaks in tandem mass spectra. Here, we discuss recent improvements to Byonic, a glycoproteomics search program, that address these three issues. Byonic now supports filtering spectra by m/z peaks, so that the user can limit attention to spectra with diagnostic peaks, e.g., at least two out of three of 204.087 for HexNAc, 274.092 for NeuAc (with water loss), and 366.139 for HexNAc-Hex, all within a set mass tolerance, e.g., ± 0.01 Da. Also, new is glycan "wildcard" search, which allows an unspecified mass within a user-set mass range to be applied to N- or O-linked glycans and enables assignment of spectra with unanticipated glycans. Finally, the next release of Byonic supports user-specified peak annotations from user-defined posttranslational modifications. We demonstrate the utility of these new software features by finding previously unrecognized glycopeptides in publicly available data, including glycosylated neuropeptides from rat brain.
Fast and fair (2005)

Chip multiprocessors have the potential to exploit thread level parallelism, particularly in the context of embedded server farms where the available number of threads can be quite high. Unfortunately, both per-core and overall throughput are significantly impacted by the organization of the lowest level on-chip cache. On-chip caches for CMPs must be able to handle the increased demand and contention of multiple cores. To complicate the problem, cache demand changes dynamically with phases changes, context switches, power saving features, and assignments to asymmetric cores.We propose PDAS, a distributed NUCA L2 cache design with an adaptive sharing mechanism. Each core independently measures its dynamic need, and all cache resources are managed to increase utilization, reduce migrations, and lower interference. Per-core performance degradation is bounded while overall throughput is optimized, thus qualitatively improving performance of embedded systems where quality-of-service is an important characteristic.In single thread mode, PDAS, on average, improves by 26%, 27%, and 13% over Private, Shared, and NUCA caches respectively. This improvement is achieved while reducing internal migrations on average by 82% as compared to the NUCA. With thread contention, PDAS increases its performance and power advantage over prior work. The average migration reduction over NUCA increases to over 90%, and average IPC improvements over NUCA are 30%, 14%, and 35% for 2T, 3T, and 4T scenarios.
Aspects of hologram calculation for video frames (2008)

This paper presents a modified version of the Fienup algorithm that can compute an image projecting hologram significantly faster. The proposed method, referred to as Fienup with don’t-care (Fidoc), is sufficiently fast to enable real-time hologram calculation for video projection purposes. It achieves high speed and excellent image quality by dispersing noise in ‘don’t-care’ areas around the image. Through simulations it was shown that for the same amount of computation, reconstruction quality is significantly better when using the Fidoc method instead of the simple GS (Gerchberg‐Saxton) and Fienup algorithms.
3.0 T Plaque Imaging (2007)

The use of 3.0 T for carotid plaque imaging has demonstrated increases in SNR and CNR compared with 1.5 T. Quantitative prospective studies of moderate and early plaques are feasible at 3.0 T. Continued improvements in coil arrays, 3-dimensional pulse sequences, and the use of novel molecular imaging agents implemented at high field will further improve magnetic resonance plaque characterization.
Capturing Compliance Requirements: A Pattern-Based Approach (2012)

In today's IT-centric business environment, managing compliance with regulations, laws, and other imperatives has become critical for success. Directives govern almost every aspect of running a business, requiring organizations to provide assurances to regulators, stakeholders, customers, and business partners. Assuring compliance across an enterprise necessitates a holistic, tractable, and disciplined approach for defining an integrated, consistent set of process and system-level internal controls. A new pattern-based framework captures and manages business process compliance requirements by acting as a springboard to fully automate and continuously audit business processes.
On micro-kernel construction (1995)

article Free Access Share on On micro-kernel construction Author: J. Liedtke GMD -- German National Research Center for Information Technology, GMD SET-RS, 53754 Sankt Augustin, Germany GMD -- German National Research Center for Information Technology, GMD SET-RS, 53754 Sankt Augustin, GermanyView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems ReviewVolume 29Issue 5Dec. 3, 1995 pp 237–250https://doi.org/10.1145/224057.224075Published:03 December 1995Publication History 443citation8,552DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations443Total Downloads8,552Last 12 Months812Last 6 weeks159 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Optimized Pulse Durations Minimize the Effect of Polarity Reversal on Defibrillation Efficacy with Biphasic Shocks (1999)

There are conflicting results on the effect of polarity change on the defibrillation efficacy of biphasic shocks possibly caused by different shock durations. The goal of the present study was to investigate the influence of polarity reversal on defibrillation efficacy for different biphasic shock durations in a porcine animal model. In eight anesthesized pigs using a transvenous/submuscular lead system DFTs for 4 phase 1 durations were determined: 8.1 ms, 6 ms, 3.8 ms and 1.7 ms. The phase 1/phase 2 ratio was constant at 60%/40%. For cathodal shocks, the defibrillation coil in the right ventricular apex was the cathode during phase 1 and for anodal shocks it was the anode. For both polarities, the strength-duration curve revealed a DFT minimum at 3.8 ms (cathodal shocks: 21.3 +/- 6.4 J, P < 0.001; anodal shocks: 21.9 +/- 8 J, P = 0.05). For anodal shocks and phase 1 durations of 1.7, 3.8, and 6 ms there was no significant difference of the stored energy at the DFT compared to cathodal shocks. In contrast, significantly lower DFTs were observed for anodal shocks with a phase 1 duration of 8.1 ms (28.8 +/- 6.4 J compared to 33.1 +/- 5.9 J for cathodal shocks, P = 0.006). The effect of lower defibrillation energy requirements with polarity reversal depends on the total biphasic shock duration; for the pulse duration with the lowest DFT, polarity reversal does not increase defibrillation efficacy of biphasic shocks.
Sensory system interactions during simultaneous vestibular and visual stimulation in PET (2002)

The patterns of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) increases and decreases in PET were compared for unimodal vestibular, unimodal visual, and for simultaneous vestibular and visual stimulation. Thirteen healthy volunteers were exposed to a) caloric vestibular stimulation, b) small-field visual motion stimulation in roll, c) simultaneous caloric vestibular and visual pattern stimulation. Unimodal vestibular stimulation led to activations of vestibular cortex areas, in particular the parieto-insular vestibular cortex (PIVC), and concurrent deactivations of visual cortical areas [Brodmann area (BA) 17-19]. Unimodal visual motion stimulation led to activations of the striate visual cortex and the motion-sensitive area in the middle temporal/middle occipital gyri (BA 19/37) with concurrent deactivations in the PIVC. Simultaneous bimodal stimulation resulted in activations of the cortical representation of both sensory modalities. In the latter condition activations and deactivations were significantly smaller compared to unimodal stimulation. The findings are consistent with the concept of an inhibitory reciprocal vestibulo-visual interaction in all three stimulus conditions.
A Survey of Spoofing and Counter-Measures (2014)

The growing economic importance of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) makes it rewarding for malevolent people to aim at misleading receivers in their position and time estimation. This can be achieved by replacing or superposing signals to the authentic GNSS satellite signals and is called spoofing. Most current receivers are not designed to detect spoofing. The present article aims at a systematic exposition of threats. In many cases, they can be addressed by comparing the received signals, the estimated states, and their respective dynamics against models. A cryptographic signature of the navigation message would furthermore improve the detectability of fake synthetic signals, and should be implemented in the definition of new GNSS signals. In general, the analysis of spoofing should receive the same attention as the analysis of natural impairments. We hope that the present paper will contribute to achieve this.
Developing Practical Approaches to Active Preservation (2008)

The National Archives is developing a range of practical solutions to the active preservation of electronic records, using an extensible service-oriented architecture and a central technical registry (PRONOM). This paper describes TNA’s methodologies for characterisation, preservation planning, and preservation action, the technologies being adopted to implement them, and the role of PRONOM in supporting these services. It describes how this approach fits with international research programmes, and the types of preservation service which TNA may be able to provide externally in the future.
Narrative Documents - Group II: Brock, 1812 (2013)

Niagara Frontier: York and Fort George in July and August, 1812 The West: Michillimackinac, July 17, 1812 Detroit Frontier: Brownstown, August 5, 1812; Maguaga, August 9, 1812; Detroit, August 16, 1812 Niagara Frontier: Queenston, October 13, 1812 Niagara Frontier: Frenchman's Creek, November 18, 1812 Niagara Frontier: St. Regis, October 23 and November 23, 1812; La Colle, November 20, 1812 Miscellaneous, 1812