gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spongious Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Mutations in the Four-and-a-Half LIM Domain 1 Gene (2012)

Background— X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy is a novel X-linked myopathy caused by mutations in the four-and-a-half LIM domain 1 gene (FHL1). Cardiac involvement was suspected in initial publications. We now systematically analyzed the association of the FHL1 genotype with the cardiac phenotype to establish a potential cardiac involvement in the disease. Methods and Results— Seventeen male patients and 23 female mutation carriers were compared with healthy controls. Every patient underwent a comprehensive clinical and cardiovascular workup. ECG abnormalities occurred frequently in affected males and were less frequent in heterozygous females. Both male and female mutation carriers had increased myocardial mass (affected males=115.1±25.3 g/m 2 ; heterozygous females=95.1±19.6 g/m 2 ; controls=89.0±15.6 g/m 2 and 72.6±12.6 g/m 2 ; respectively) with increased wall thickness (typically midventricular and apical segments) mainly in affected males. Longitudinal systolic function was reduced in affected males (radial systolic strain: affected males=24.6±11.8%; male controls=43.2±14.8%; P =0.002). Diastolic dysfunction occurred in both affected males and heterozygous females. Cardiac MRI revealed a morphological hallmark of X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy; a characteristic spongious structure and replacement fibrosis indicated by late enhancement could be detected in most affected males. X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy was associated with reduced exercise capacity in affected males but not in heterozygous female mutation carriers. Conclusions— X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy patients consistently showed electrical, functional, and characteristic morphological cardiac abnormalities that translate into reduced exercise capacity. Reduced systolic and diastolic function is associated with a novel type of spongious hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. An unexpected finding was that some cardiac abnormalities were also present in heterozygous female mutation carriers.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Robust Steamphobic Surfaces (2011)

The wetting behavior of a surface under steam condensation depends on its intrinsic wettability and micrometer or nanoscale surface roughness. A typical superhydrophobic surface may not be suitable as a steamphobic surface because of the nucleation and growth of water inside the valleys and thus the failure to form an air-liquid-solid composite interface. Here, we present the results of steam condensation on chemically modified nanostructured carbon nanotube (CNT) mats. We used a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process to modify the intrinsic wettability of nanostructured CNT mats. The combination of low surface energy achieved by PECVD and the nanoroughness of the surface provides a mechanism to retain the superhydrophobicity of the CNT mats under steam condensation. The ability to withstand steam temperature and pressure for as long as 10 h implies the remarkably improved stability of the superhydrophobic state of the surface. The thermodynamic calculations carried out using a unit cell model clearly explain the steamphobic wetting behavior of the surface.
Generation of aerosol-particle light-scattering patterns from digital holograms (2019)

The similarity between the light-scattering pattern of a particle in the near-forward direction and diffraction from the particle's silhouette is investigated. Images of irregularly shaped free-flowing aerosol particles are obtained from digital hologram measurements, which are then binarized to yield a silhouette. Application of Huygens's principle to the silhouette generates an approximate scattering pattern, which when compared to the true measured pattern shows good agreement for particles much larger than the wavelength of light.
Deep Voice 3: Scaling Text-to-Speech with Convolutional Sequence\n Learning (2017)

We present Deep Voice 3, a fully-convolutional attention-based neural\ntext-to-speech (TTS) system. Deep Voice 3 matches state-of-the-art neural\nspeech synthesis systems in naturalness while training ten times faster. We\nscale Deep Voice 3 to data set sizes unprecedented for TTS, training on more\nthan eight hundred hours of audio from over two thousand speakers. In addition,\nwe identify common error modes of attention-based speech synthesis networks,\ndemonstrate how to mitigate them, and compare several different waveform\nsynthesis methods. We also describe how to scale inference to ten million\nqueries per day on one single-GPU server.\n
Flotation of a Copper‐Zinc Ore Using<i>p</i>‐Nonylcupferron as Collector (1997)

Abstract Bench‐scale flotation tests were done with a chalcopyrite, sphalerite and pyrite‐containing ore from Timmins, Canada using p‐nonylcupferron as collector. Effects of pH and the need for adding copper sulphate for zinc activation and lime as pyrite‐depressant were studied. The collector floated nearly 94% copper and 94% zinc without pyritic iron in 30% mass at pH 4 and 5, and 93% Cu and 78% Zn at pH 6 in 30% mass. At higher pH values, metal recoveries were poor. No copper sulphate was needed for activating zinc flotation. Addition of lime did not affect pyrite suppression.
Local Binary Pattern Networks (2018)

Memory and computation efficient deep learning architec- tures are crucial to continued proliferation of machine learning capabili- ties to new platforms and systems. Binarization of operations in convo- lutional neural networks has shown promising results in reducing model size and computing efficiency. In this paper, we tackle the problem us- ing a strategy different from the existing literature by proposing local binary pattern networks or LBPNet, that is able to learn and perform binary operations in an end-to-end fashion. LBPNet1 uses local binary comparisons and random projection in place of conventional convolu- tion (or approximation of convolution) operations. These operations can be implemented efficiently on different platforms including direct hard- ware implementation. We applied LBPNet and its variants on standard benchmarks. The results are promising across benchmarks while provid- ing an important means to improve memory and speed efficiency that is particularly suited for small footprint devices and hardware accelerators.
Motion-compensated compression of point cloud video (2017)

3D immersive communications are trending as real-time point clouds capture and display of point cloud video become feasible. This paper presents a novel motion-compensated approach to encoding dynamic voxelized point clouds (VPC) at low bit rates. A simple coder breaks the VPC into blocks which are intra-frame coded or replaced by a motion-compensated version of a block in the previous frame. The decision is optimized in a rate-distortion sense, encoding with distortion both geometry and the color, at reduced bit-rates. In-loop filtering is employed to minimize compression artifacts caused by distortion in the geometry information. Simulations reveal that this simple motion compensated coder can efficiently extend the compression range of dynamic voxelized point clouds to rates below what intra-frame coding alone can accommodate, trading rate for geometry accuracy.
A methodology for performing secure data compression (2002)

A semi-adaptive time variant modeling method is developed to be used in conjunction with an arithmetic coder to compress data in a secure fashion. The modeling method introduces randomness into the symbols coding probabilities by ensuring that the update time for computing the coding probabilities is performed at random intervals as specified by the output of a stream cipher. The method results in the ability to effectively compress the data while ensuring its security. The compression ratios of the method are very close to the ratios obtained from standard implementation of adaptive modelers. The computational complexity of the proposed method is less than the computational complexity of performing a compression step that is followed by an encryption step. Additionally, the computational complexity of the method is less than the computational complexity of typical implementations of adaptive modelers. The methodology allows for building high security architectures that are ideal for real time operations.
Method for Measuring Thickness of Dielectric Films Using Microdielectric Fringe-Effect Sensors (2006)

A method for noninvasive thickness measurements of dielectric films using fringe-effect (FE) sensors is developed and experimentally validated. The fringing electrical field, created by electrodes microfabricated at the film substrate, depends on the film thickness and dielectric permittivity of the film under test (FUT). The unknown film thickness is estimated by matching the theoretical prediction of thickness-dependent sensor admittance with the measured value. In the case of FE sensors with spatially periodic, interdigitated electrode (IDE) configuration, the admittance prediction is simplified, which allows for the real-time measurements of changing thickness. The developed method can be used to continuously measure the changing dielectric permittivity of the FUT material, which makes it possible to determine the thickness of films of changing dielectric properties, caused by chemical or other transformations. The application of the developed method is demonstrated experimentally by measuring the thickness of silicon nitride film deposited in several increments on the quartz substrate of the IDE sensor. In the expected range of sensor sensitivity, the results show an excellent agreement with the independent thickness measurements.
In Vitro Antifungal Activities of a Series of Dication-Substituted Carbazoles, Furans, and Benzimidazoles (1998)

Aromatic dicationic compounds possess antimicrobial activity against a wide range of eucaryotic pathogens, and in the present study an examination of the structures-functions of a series of compounds against fungi was performed. Sixty-seven dicationic molecules were screened for their inhibitory and fungicidal activities against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. The MICs of a large number of compounds were comparable to those of the standard antifungal drugs amphotericin B and fluconazole. Unlike fluconazole, potent inhibitory compounds in this series were found to have excellent fungicidal activities. The MIC of one of the most potent compounds against C. albicans was 0.39 microg/ml, and it was the most potent compound against C. neoformans (MIC, </=0.09 microg/ml). Selected compounds were also found to be active against Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Candida species other than C. albicans, and fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans and C. neoformans. Since some of these compounds have been safely given to animals, these classes of molecules have the potential to be developed as antifungal agents.
Measurement of viscoelastic properties of tissue-mimicking material using longitudinal wave excitation (2009)

This paper presents an experimental framework for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties of tissue-mimicking material. The novelty of the presented framework is in the use of longitudinal wave excitation and the study of the longitudinal wave patterns in finite media for the measurement of the viscoelastic properties. Ultrasound is used to track the longitudinal motions inside a test block. The viscoelastic parameters of the block are then estimated by 2 methods: a wavelength measurement method and a model fitting method. Connections are also made with shear elastography. The viscoelastic parameters are estimated for several homogeneous phantom blocks. The results from the new methods are compared with the conventional rheometry results.
First millimeter-wave animal in vivo measurements of L-Glucose and D-Glucose: Further steps towards a non-invasive glucometer (2016)

The authors present the first in vivo measurements of L-Glucose and D-Glucose concentrations using millimeter waves. Employing direct injection of solutions into the rat jugular vein, we have been able to correlate immediate changes in blood glucose readings with transmission loss through the ears of anesthetized rats at Ka band (27-40 GHz). The sensed changing D-glucose levels are shown to track blood values, but with a delay of approximately 10-15 minutes, which may be due to cellular glucose uptake. Surprisingly, levels of L-glucose, the non-bioactive enantiomer (L-isomer) are also tracked by millimeter-wave transmission through the ear, suggesting that we are looking at the direct chemical presence of glucose or products of its breakdown in the tissue, rather than metabolism. Both isomers of glucose are gradually removed from the bloodstream after injection of insulin, consistent with the observed changes in the millimeter-wave absorption. These results represent a major step towards the realization of a non-invasive glucose monitor based on millimeter-wave transceivers.
Error-resistant differential feedback of long-term covariance matrix in closed-loop MIMO (2010)

One method of obtaining channel information for closed-loop SU-MIMO or MU-MIMO is for the mobile to feed back a covariance matrix based on the measured downlink channel. However for MU-MIMO to be able to operate properly (i.e., have low crosstalk), the covariance matrix must be fed back with fairly high precision which would result in a very high level of overhead. This paper describes two new methods for feeding back accurate covariance matrix estimates from a mobile to a base station with low overhead, while being very robust to transmission errors. System-level results show that one of the proposed feedback methods has performance very close to an unquantized covariance matrix when the feedback bit error rate is less than 10%. When the feedback bit error rate is 20% one of the proposed feedback methods has better performance than an existing single-shot covariance matrix quantization method operating with no feedback errors while additionally requiring less feedback overhead than the existing method (16 bits versus 28 bits).
Analysis of PWM frequency control to improve the lifetime of PWM inverter (2009)

Studies have shown that the power cycling Mean Time to Failure (MTTF) of the IGBT bond wire in an adjustable speed drive (ASD) may be very short under some very common conditions. This paper proposes a switching frequency reduction method based on junction temperature variation (DeltaTj) of the inverter IGBT. It has the following advantages. Firstly, it only reduces the PWM frequency under low speed higher torque condition; secondly, the inverter can be started more smoothly and safely under higher command switching frequency and high torque condition. Thirdly, the overall MTTF of the inverter IGBT can be improved dramatically. Theory analysis, simulation and experimental result will be provided to show these advantages.
Interactive Decision Making for Autonomous Vehicles in Dense Traffic (2019)

Dense urban traffic environments can produce situations where accurate prediction and dynamic models are insufficient for successful autonomous vehicle motion planning. We investigate how an autonomous agent can safely negotiate with other traffic participants, enabling the agent to handle potential deadlocks. Specifically we consider merges where the gap between cars is smaller than the size of the ego vehicle. We propose a game theoretic framework capable of generating and responding to interactive behaviors. Our main contribution is to show how game-tree decision making can be executed by an autonomous vehicle, including approximations and reasoning that make the tree-search computationally tractable. Additionally, to test our model we develop a stochastic rule-based traffic agent capable of generating interactive behaviors that can be used as a benchmark for simulating traffic participants in a crowded merge setting.
Combinatorial polarization scramblers for many-segment PMD emulator (2005)

In this letter, we present a combinatorial approach to build polarization scramblers in a many-segment polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) emulator. This approach significantly reduces the required number of phase plates and their corresponding controls. It exploits the fact that rotation matrices are noncommutative which gives many different ways of building polarization scramblers out of just a few phase plates. Although these polarization scramblers are correlated, we show, numerically and experimentally, that there is sufficient polarization scrambling between segments to achieve the important key properties of a PMD emulator.
Standard Conditions of Virus Isolation Reveal Biological Variability of HIV Type 1 in Different Regions of the World (1994)

HIV-1 isolates were obtained from four countries within the framework of the WHO Network for HIV Isolation and Characterization. The use of standard HIV isolation procedures allowed us to compare the biological properties of 126 HIV-1 isolates spanning five genetic subtypes. In primary isolation cultures, viruses from Uganda and Brazil appeared early and replicated without delay, whereas the replication of Thai viruses was delayed by several weeks. Regardless of genetic subtype or country of origin, blood samples collected more than 2 years after seroconversion yielded virus that replicated efficiently in the primary isolation cultures. None of the isolates obtained from Thailand or Rwanda replicated in cell lines, whereas 5 of the 13 Brazilian isolates and 7 of the 11 Ugandan isolates replicated and induced syncytia in MT-2 cells. As expected for virus isolates obtained early in HIV-1 infection (within 2 years of seroconversion), all viruses from Brazil, Rwanda, and Thailand showed a slow/low replicative pattern. For the Ugandan samples, the time from seroconversion was known precisely for a few of the samples and only in one case was less than 2 years. This may explain why the five viruses that were able to replicate in all cell lines, and thus classified as rapid/high, were of Ugandan origin. Viruses able to induce syncytia in MT-2 cells, also induced syncytia in PBMC. However, 8 slow/low viruses (out of 27) gave discordant results, inducing syncytia in PBMC but not in MT-2 cells. Furthermore, using syncytium induction as a marker, changes in virus populations during early in vitro passage in PBMC could be observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A Study of Scientometric Methods to Identify Emerging Technologies (2011)

This work examines a scientometric model that tracks the emergence of an identified technology from initial discovery (via original scientific and conference literature), through critical discoveries (via original scientific, conference literature and patents), transitioning through Technology Readiness Levels (TRLs) and ultimately on to commercial application. During the period of innovation and technology transfer, the impact of scholarly works, patents and on-line web news sources are identified. As trends develop, currency of citations, collaboration indicators, and on-line news patterns are identified. The combinations of four distinct and separate searchable on-line networked sources (i.e., scholarly publications and citation, worldwide patents, news archives, and on-line mapping networks) are assembled to become one collective network (a dataset for analysis of relations). This established network becomes the basis from which to quickly analyze the temporal flow of activity (searchable events) for the example subject domain we investigated.
Adaptive Gun Barrel Vibration Absorber (2002)

Abstract : Gun barrel vibrations lead to dispersion in the shot patterns. Thus, reducing these vibrations should lead to increased accuracy. Since the muzzle is the anti-node for all vibration modes and its vibrations have the greatest effect on shot dispersion, it is the obvious location to attempt to dampen the vibrations. A model of the gun barrel was created in MATLAB(registered) and verified by modal impact testing. Modal impact testing was done for the barrel alone and for three different muzzle brake vibration absorber configurations. Significant reductions in muzzle vibrations were achieved using the vibration absorber. Methods of making the vibration absorber adaptive and models of such a system are presented.
Therapeutic Strategies For The Treatment Of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2012)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease that results in progressive dysfunction of motor neurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord. SMA is caused by the loss of full-length protein expression from the survival of motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. The disease has a unique genetic profile as it is autosomal recessive for the loss of SMN1, but a nearly identical homolog, SMN2, acts as a disease modifier whose expression is inversely correlated to clinical severity. Targeted therapeutic approaches primarily focus on increasing the levels of full-length SMN protein, through either gene replacement or regulation of SMN2 expression. There is currently no US FDA approved treatment for SMA. This is an exciting time as multiple efforts from academic and industrial laboratories are reaching the preclinical and clinical testing stages.
Interventional cardiac MRI using an add‐on parallel transmit MR system: In vivo experience in sheep (2021)

We have demonstrated the first in vivo usage of an auxiliary parallel transmit system employing active feedback-based current control for interventional MRI with a conventional MRI scanner.
Dielectrically isolated lateral emitter switched thyristor (1992)

The operation of a 500 V dielectrically isolated lateral emitter switched thyristor (DI-LEST) is described for the first time. Experimental devices exhibit an on-state voltage drop of 2.35V at a current density of 100A/cm2, and a maximum controllable current density of about 200A/cm2. The on-state voltage drop decreases with increasing drift layer thickness consistent with the uniform lateral current flow observed in two-dimensional numerical simulations.
High Surface Area Nanomacroporous Bioactive Glass Scaffold for Hard Tissue Engineering (2010)

Formation of sufficiently large three‐dimensional (3D) nanomacroporosity in bone scaffolds remains a challenge in spite of several methods reported in literature. It is required for tissue ingrowth and for the concurrent degradation of implanted structure. We report a new technique for fabricating superior high surface area, nanomacroporous bioactive glass scaffold, which combines the sol–gel process and polymer sponge replication method. The formation of 3D structure is demonstrated in 70 mol% SiO 2 –30 mol% CaO glass composition as an example, which is uniform across the sample. It consists of open, interconnected macropores with size from 300 to 600 μm, as desired for tissue ingrowth. At the same time, coexisting nanopores provide high‐specific surface area (∼184 m 2 /g), which is needed for enhancing the structure's degradation rate. These bioscaffolds hold promise for applications in hard tissue engineering.