gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacies of Commercial Anti-ethylene Products for Fresh Cut Flowers (1993)

Three commercially available “anti-ethylene” treatment solutions were tested for their effectiveness in protecting carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. `Improved White Sim', `Atlantis', and `Nora'), Beard-Tongue (Penstemon hartwegii x P. cobaea `Firebird'), and Delphinium sp. from external ethylene levels ranging from 0.01 to 1.2 ppm. Flowers were treated according to label directions and then exposed to ethylene for 20 or 24 h at 20 to 23C after a 0-, 24-, or 48-h delay. Only the product containing silver thiosulfate (STS) provided protection against ethylene injury, whereas products containing inhibitors of ethylene synthesis identified as analogs of either aminooxyacetic acid (AOA) or aminoethoxyvinyl glycine (AVG) offered little or no protection. The safe commercial use of products containing STS is discussed.
A Novel Method for Incorporation of Heteroatoms into the Framework of Ordered Mesoporous Silica Materials Synthesized in Strong Acidic Media (2001)

Heteroatoms of Al and Ti are effectively introduced into the framework of ordered mesoporous silica materials (designated as MAS-7 and MTS-9, respectively) in strong acidic media (pH < 0) by a two-step procedure. MAS-7 shows high catalytic activities for the cracking of both small (cumene) and bulky (1,3,5-tri-isopropylbenzene) molecules because it combines the advantages of both zeolites (strong acidity) and mesoporous materials (large pores). In contrast, Al-SBA-15 samples prepared from both "post-synthesis" and "direct synthesis" present much lower catalytic activities than MAS-7. Furthermore, MTS-9 exhibits very high catalytic activity in phenol hydroxylation by H2O2, giving the phenol conversion of 26%, comparable to TS-1.
Impact of surface periodic grating on FBAR structures to spurious transverse resonances (2013)

This paper discusses applicability of the Bragg reflection in a periodic grating placed on the top electrode of the film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) structure in order to forbid lateral propagation of the spurious Lamb mode. The finite element analysis is performed for two representative structures, namely, Mo/ZnO/Mo and Ru/AlN/Ru, on which the first-order symmetric Lamb mode exhibits the “Type-I” and “Type-II” dispersion, respectively. It is demonstrated theoretically that for both cases, the stop band is generated by the Bragg reflection, and a spurious free resonance is obtainable provided that the grating period and height are set so that the stop band covers the frequency range where the lateral mode resonances occur.
Cellular Phenotype Recognition for High-Content RNAi Genome-Wide Screening (2007)

Genome-wide, cell-based screens using high-content screening (HCS) techniques and automated fluorescence microscopy generate thousands of high-content images that contain an enormous wealth of cell biological information. Such screens are key to the analysis of basic cell biological principles, such as control of cell cycle and cell morphology. However, these screens will ultimately only shed light on human disease mechanisms and potential cures if the analysis can keep up with the generation of data. A fundamental step toward automated analysis of high-content screening is to construct a robust platform for automatic cellular phenotype identification. The authors present a framework, consisting of microscopic image segmentation and analysis components, for automatic recognition of cellular phenotypes in the context of the Rho family of small GTPases. To implicate genes involved in Rac signaling, RNA interference (RNAi) was used to perturb gene functions, and the corresponding cellular phenotypes were analyzed for changes. The data used in the experiments are high-content, 3-channel, fluorescence microscopy images of Drosophila Kc167 cultured cells stained with markers that allow visualization of DNA, polymerized actin filaments, and the constitutively activated Rho protein Rac V12. The performance of this approach was tested using a cellular database that contained more than 1000 samples of 3 predefined cellular phenotypes, and the generalization error was estimated using a cross-validation technique. Moreover, the authors applied this approach to analyze the whole high-content fluorescence images of Drosophila cells for further HCS-based gene function analysis. (Journal of Biomolecular Screening XXXX:xx-xx) Key words: high-content screening, RNAi, microscopic image segmentation, phenotype feature extraction and selection, phenotype classification
Disjoint PCA models for marker identification and classification of cancer types using gene expression data (2003)

The parallel monitoring of the expression profiles of thousands of genes seems particularly promising for a deeper understanding of cancer biology and to identify molecular signatures supporting the histological classification schemes of neoplastic specimens. A computational procedure for feature extraction and classification of gene expression data through the application of principal component analysis and of the soft independent modeling of class analogy approach (SIMCA) is described. The identified features contain critical information about gene-phenotype relationships observed during changes in cell physiology. They represent a rational and dimensionally reduced base for understanding the basic biology of the onset of diseases, defining targets of therapeutic intervention, and developing diagnostic tools for the identification and classification of pathological states. The proposed method has been tested on the childhood round blue cell tumors study presented by Khan et al. [2001]. The analysis of the SIMCA model allows the identification of specific phenotype markers and provides the assignment to multiple classes for previously unseen instances.
KƏLLƏDAXİLİ QEYRİTRAVMATİK QANSIZMALARDA NEONATAL ÖLÜM VƏ ONUN PREDİKTORLARI (2023)

Tədqiqatın məqsədi kəllədaxili qeyritravmatik qansızmalar fonunda letallığın səviyyəsini və prediktorlarını müəyyən etmək olmuşdur. Tədqiqatın material və metodları. Hərtərəfli nevroloji və neyrosonoqrafik müayinə 996 yeni doğulmuş uşağı əhatə etmişdir. Kəllədaxili qeyritravmatik qanaxma diaqnozu təsdiqlənmiş uşaqlar reanimasiya şöbəsinə yerləşdirilib və milli klinik protokola uyğun müalicə olunmuşlar. Nəticələr. Neonatal ölüm hallarının statistik əhəmiyyətli artımı ilə əlaqəli olan prediktorları göstərilmişdir. Yekun. Perinatal Mərkəzdə kəllədaxili qeyritravmatikqansızmalardan əziyyət çəkən uşaqların ölüm göstəricisi 30,7±3,7% təşkil etmişdir. Kəllədaxili qeyritravmatik qansızmalarda letallıq çoxdöllü hamiləliklərdə doğulanlarda,hestasiya yaşının <32 həftə olanlarda, doğulanda durumu Apqar şkalası ilə 3 və az bal olanlarda, bədən kütləsi <1500 qram olanlarda, III və IV dərəcəli qansızmalarda izafi yüksəkdir.
Topological Overview of Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicular Power System Architectures and Configurations (2005)

This paper discusses the operational characteristics of the topologies for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV), fuel cell vehicles (FCV), and more electric vehicles (MEV). A brief description of series hybrid, parallel hybrid, and fuel cell-based propulsion systems are presented. The paper also presents fuel cell propulsion applications, more specific to light-duty passenger cars as well as heavy-duty buses. Finally, some of the major fundamental issues that currently face these advanced vehicular technologies including the challenges for market penetration are highlighted.
Design of a Process for Supercritical Water Desalination with Zero Liquid Discharge (2015)

Conventional desalination methods have a major drawback; the production of a liquid waste stream which must be disposed. The treatment of this waste stream has always presented technical, economic, and environmental challenges. The supercritical water desalination (SCWD) process meets these challenges as it allows for the treatment of salt-water streams with zero liquid discharge (ZLD). An experimental apparatus has been designed, built, and operated to show the proof of principle of the SCWD process using NaCl–H2O as a model solution. Next, a SCWD process with a two-stage separation step was designed. Enthalpy calculations for a 3.5 wt % NaCl feed and experimental results show that the SCWD process operated at 460 °C and 300 bar will produce drinking water (750 ppm total dissolved solids) and salt crystals (2–5 μm) with an estimated stand-alone thermal energy consumption of 450 MJth/m3 product water.
Differentiation of human umbilical cord blood stem cells into hepatocytes in vivo and in vitro (2006)

Under certain conditions HUCBSC can differentiate into liver cells in vivo and in vitro.
Application of thermal detector by infrared for electrical arch furnaces transformer (2007)

Infrared thermo graphic detector for non-contact temperature measurement is used in this project. Infrared thermometers will give an accurate temperature measurement if the emissivity of the thermometer is adjusted to fit with the emissivity of the measured material. Therefore, to use the infrared to measure the temperature of Electrical Arch Furnaces (EAF) transformer at steel industry, the optimal emissivity of this thermometer must be determined. However the emissivity of the bus bars in the transformer at which the temperature is measured is unknown. Therefore this study is conducted to determine the optimal emissivity of the infrared thermometer to get the accurate temperature measurement. Its application the radiometric thermo graphic system VarioCAM head for control and monitoring of the steel industrial process is installed and this emissivity is set up.
Acceleration of DNA strand exchange reaction by cationic polymers (2002)

In previous reports, we have demonstrated that the cationic comb-type copolymers (PLL-g-Dex) having a poly-L-lysine main chain and dextran side chains stabilized DNA duplex and triplex. Furthermore, the copolymer was found to accelerate more than 20,000 folds strand exchange reaction between 20 bp duplex and its homologous single strand (1). This study was designed to inspect structural factor of polycationic moieties in acceleration effects. To this end, polypeptides containing lysine or arginine moieties as cationic groups were examined in their potency to accelerating strand exchange reaction. It was shown that arginine-rich peptide showed higher accelerating effect than lysine peptide when total positive charges of peptides were kept constant.
Computational modelling of electrical field intensity for high voltage semiconductor package design (2010)

Although plastic packaging has successfully replaced ceramic and metal packages for many high reliability electronic packaging applications (e.g. military and aerospace), hermetically sealed ceramic packages are still the dominant technology for large power devices, such as the thyristors and diodes used in high voltage DC (HVDC) power transmission. With increasing energy requirements of growing economies, the demand for higher operating currents is driving suppliers to use larger diameter silicon devices, therefore requiring bigger and more expensive packages. A switch to polymer packaging in such applications has the potential to provide robust and light weight components at a lower cost. A Finite Element Analysis (FEA) based study aimed at optimising the electrical performance of a polymeric package for such power semiconductors is described in this paper. From the FEA simulations carried out, it was observed that one critical region where the electrical stresses tend to be high, and long-term failure may therefore occur, is in the contact region between the polymer housing and the metal inserts (flanges) which attach the housing to the copper pole pieces of the device. Different design features for the insert edge were studied in order to investigate their influence and to reduce the peak electrical field (E-field) in the critical region. The results showed that the E-field around the contact region decreased as the radii of curvature of the insert ends was increased. A comparison of the E-field magnitude for different insert designs also showed it to be lower around an elliptical insert end compared to circular and straight flange designs. Changes in the depth to which the flange protrudes inside the housing also had a significant effect in the electrical field magnitude in the contact region, whilst variation of other housing design parameters, such as the package thickness and the location of the insert relative to the housing periphery, did not cause the electric field to change significantly.
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (2010)

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is an infection-caused inflammatory continuum from the cervix to the peritoneal cavity. Most importantly, it is associated with fallopian tube inflammation, which can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancy, and chronic pelvic pain. The microbial etiology is linked to sexually transmitted microorganisms, including Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae, Mycoplasma genitalium, and bacterial vaginosis-associated microorganisms, predominantly anaerobes. Pelvic pain and fever are commonly absent in women with confirmed PID. Clinicians should consider milder symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge, metrorrhagia, postcoital bleeding, and urinary frequency as potential symptoms associated with the disease, particularly in women at risk of sexually transmitted infection. The diagnosis of PID is based on the findings of lower genital tract inflammation associated with pelvic organ tenderness. The outpatient treatment of mild-to-moderate PID should include tolerated antibiotic regimens with activity against the commonly isolated microorganisms associated with PID and usually consists of an extended spectrum cephalosporin in conjunction with either doxycycline or azithromycin. Clinically severe PID should prompt hospitalization and imaging to rule out a tuboovarian abscess. Parenteral broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy with activity against a polymicrobial flora, particularly gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes, should be implemented. Screening for and treatment of Chlamydia infection can prevent PID.
Flavor leptogenesis during the reheating era (2023)

Recently, it has been shown that the presence of a noninstantaneous era of reheating can significantly alter the charged lepton(s) equilibration temperature(s) which plays an important role in flavor leptogenesis. In this work, we extend the analysis to a more general situation where right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) are also produced from the decay of the inflaton. The presence of these RHNs along with the thermally generated ones (above its mass equivalent temperature only) redistributes different components of the energy density of the Universe during this reheating era, thereby affecting the charged lepton equilibration temperature (in addition to the Hubble effect) as well as the final reheating temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{RH}}$. Taking both the effects into account, we find that the decay of the lightest RHN in the setup not only provides a platform to study flavor leptogenesis during reheating, but also an interesting framework of $quasi$-thermal leptogenesis emerges.
Achieving Sea Lamprey Control in Lake Champlain (2021)

The control of parasitic sea lamprey in Lake Champlain has been a necessary component of its fishery restoration and recovery goals for 30 years. While adopting the approach of the larger and established sea lamprey control program of the Laurentian Great Lakes, local differences emerged that shifted management focus and effort as the program evolved. Increased investment in lamprey assessment and monitoring revealed under-estimations of population density and distribution in the basin, where insufficient control efforts went unnoticed. As control efforts improved in response to a better understanding of the population, the effects of lamprey on the fishery lessened. A long-term evaluation of fishery responses when lamprey control was started, interrupted, delayed, and enhanced provided evidence of a recurring relationship between the level of control effort applied and the measured suppression of the parasitic sea lamprey population. Changes in levels of control efforts over time showed repeatedly that measurable suppression of the parasitic population required effective control of 80% of the known larval population. Understanding the importance of assessment and monitoring and the relationship between control effort and population suppression has led to recognition that a comprehensive, not incremental, approach is needed to achieve effective control of sea lamprey in Lake Champlain.
Adjusting third zone distance protection to avoid voltage collapse (2014)

Undesirable distance relay operations are possible to be initiated under heavy stressed system conditions leading to voltage instability. This can result in cascaded outages in the transmission system that may cause severe system deterioration. A number of recent blackouts have been reported to be initiated from undesired distance protection operations. This paper proposes an adaptive distance relaying scheme that avoids undesirable third zone tripping during the evolution of voltage instability phenomena. The relaying scheme is based on local measurements and provides the necessary time for other emergency controls like undervoltage load-shedding to be applied, if needed, in order to mitigate system collapse.
Development and Evaluation of a Sandia Cooler-based Refrigerator Condenser (2015)

This report describes the first design of a refrigerator condenser using the Sandia Cooler, i.e. air - bearing supported rotating heat - sink impeller. The project included ba seline performance testing of a residential refrigerator, analysis and design development of a Sandia Cooler condenser assembly including a spiral channel baseplate, and performance measurement and validation of this condenser system as incorporated into the residential refrigerator. Comparable performance was achieved in a 60% smaller volume package. The improved modeling parameters can now be used to guide more optimized designs and more accurately predict performance.
The Japanese economy and industry face structural reform in the run up to the 21st century (1999)

This article deals firstly with the principal factors that have caused Japan's current severe economic slump and how to pull out of it. Secondly, it deals with the prospects for the Japanese economy at the turn of the 21st century after it has recovered from the slump. In order for the Japanese economy to emerge from the current prolonged recession, continued fiscal pump-priming and stabilization of the country's financial system are essential. At the same time, steps must be taken to transform Japan's economic and industrial structures to meet the demand of global markets. If these measures are successful, Japan can sustain steady albeit moderate growth and continue to be an affluent country into the future. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Elimination and exchange of trifluoroacetate counter‐ion from cationic peptides: a critical evaluation of different approaches (2007)

Most synthesized peptides are nowadays produced using solid-phase procedures. Due to cleavage and purification conditions, they are mainly obtained in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and, for cationic peptides, as trifluoroacetate (TF-acetate) salts. However, TF-acetate interferes with physicochemical characterizations using infrared spectroscopy and might significantly affect the in vivo studies. Thus, TF-acetate exchange by another counter-ion is often required. Up to now, the classical procedure has consisted of freeze-drying the peptide several times in the presence of an excess of a stronger acid than TFA (pKa approximately 0): generally HCl (pKa = - 7). This approach means that working at pH < 1 can induce peptide degradation. We therefore tested three different approaches to exchange the tightly bound TF-acetate counter-ion from the dicationic octapeptide lanreotide: (i) reverse-phase HPLC, (ii) ion-exchange resin, and (iii) deprotonation/reprotonation cycle of the amino groups. The first two approaches allow the partial to almost complete exchange of the TF-acetate counter-ion by another ion from an acid weaker than TFA, such as acetic acid (pKa = 4.5), and the third requires a basic solution that permits the complete removal of TF-acetate counter-ion. The efficiency of these three procedures was tested and compared by using different analytical techniques such as 19F-NMR, 1H-NMR and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR). We also show that ATR-IR can be used to monitor the TFA removal. The counter-ion exchange procedures described in this study are easy to carry out, fast, harmless and reproducible. Moreover, two of them offer the very interesting possibility of exchanging the initial TF-acetate by any other counter-ion.
Lens-fed multiple beam array for millimeter wave indoor communications (2002)

This article shows a printed circuit lens fed multiple beam antenna array designed for millimeter wave indoor personal communication systems, which is formed by using of a linear array of equally spaced elements, fed with an improved printed circuit Rotman lens. Both the lens and the array are designed and built on the same dielectric substrate. The antenna operates in frequency range of 27-30 GHz and covers an angular sector near 120 degrees with 11 beams. A full azimuth coverage can be obtained through a set of three antenna arrays. Simulation results of phase and amplitude distributions, radiation pattern prediction as well as application considerations are given.
Efficient Active-to-Passive Light Coupling of InGaAsP/InP Laser Using Subwavelength Coupler (2013)

We propose a subwavelength coupler for efficient light coupling from an InGaAsP/InP laser to a passive waveguide. The active-to-passive coupling device is designed on the asymmetric twin waveguide (ATG) platform with two InGaAsP layers: one is used as the laser active layer, and the other with a wider band gap is used as the guiding layer of the passive waveguide. By introducing subwavelength trenches in the active InGaAsP layer, the subwavelength coupler is designed to provide a gradual effective index transition region, and it couples the light between the vertically separated active and passive layers. Simulation result shows that coupling efficiency of 86.5% is achieved at a length of only 31 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu\hbox{m}$</tex></formula> .
Polyvinylsulfonic acid: A Low-cost RNase inhibitor for enhanced RNA preservation and cell-free protein translation (2017)

The effectiveness and economics of polyvinyl sulfonic acid (PVSA) as a ribonuclease inhibitor for in vitro systems is reported. PVSA was shown to inhibit RNA cleavage in the presence of RNase A as well as in the presence of Escherichia coli lysate, suggesting that PVSA can act as a broader ribonuclease inhibitor. In addition, PVSA was shown to improve the integrity of mRNA transcripts by up to 5-fold in vitro as measured by their translational viability. Improved preservation of mRNA transcripts in the presence of PVSA under common RNA storage conditions is also reported. A cost comparison with commercially available RNAse inhibitors indicates the economic practicality of PVSA which is approximately 1,700 times less expensive than commonly used ribonuclease inhibitors. PVSA can also be separated from RNA by alcohol precipitation for applications that may be sensitive to the presence of PVSA.
Effect of palmitoylethanolamide on inflammatory and neuropathic pain in rats (2017)

These outcomes revealed that PEA might be effective in relieving inflammatory and neuropathic pain, especially pain induced by mechanical hyperalgesia, but not cold allodynia.