gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Future perspectives in melanoma research. Meeting report from the “Melanoma Bridge. Napoli, December 2nd-4th 2012” (2013)

Recent insights into the genetic and somatic aberrations have initiated a new era of rapidly evolving targeted and immune-based treatments for melanoma. After decades of unsuccessful attempts to finding a more effective cure in the treatment of melanoma now we have several drugs active in melanoma. The possibility to use these drugs in combination to improve responses to overcome the resistance, to potentiate the action of immune system with the new immunomodulating antibodies, and identification of biomarkers that can predict the response to a particular therapy represent new concepts and approaches in the clinical management of melanoma. The third "Melanoma Research: "A bridge from Naples to the World" meeting, shortened as "Bridge Melanoma Meeting" took place in Naples, December 2 to 4th, 2012. The four topics of discussion at this meeting were: advances in molecular profiling and novel biomarkers, combination therapies, novel concepts toward integrating biomarkers and therapies into contemporary clinical management of patients with melanoma across the entire spectrum of disease stage, and the knowledge gained from the biology of tumor microenvironment across different tumors as a bridge to impact on prognosis and response to therapy in melanoma. This international congress gathered more than 30 international faculty members who in an interactive atmosphere which stimulated discussion and exchange of their experience regarding the most recent advances in research and clinical management of melanoma patients.
Active control of multiple tones in an enclosure (1999)

In this paper, analytical and experimental investigations into active control of multiple tones in a three-dimensional enclosure are presented. The frequency range of the disturbance is chosen to encompass one or more structural and/or enclosure resonances. Distributed piezoceramic actuators and distributed polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) sensors are mounted on one of the enclosure boundaries. Acoustic sensors are used inside and outside the enclosure. An analytical formulation based on a state-space model is developed for local vibration control on an enclosure boundary and/or local noise control inside the enclosure for bandlimited disturbances. The error sensor signals are minimized by using digital feedforward control schemes based on filtered-U gradient descent algorithms. Analytical predictions from the current work are found to compare well with the results obtained in our previous experimental investigations. The current efforts are relevant to sound fields such as those enclosed in rotorcraft cabins.
Dexras1, a Small GTPase, Is Required for Glutamate-NMDA Neurotoxicity (2013)

Dexras1, a small G-protein localized predominantly to the brain, is transcriptionally upregulated by the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone. It has close homology to the Ras subfamily but differs in that Dexras1 contains an extended 7 kDa C-terminal tail. Previous studies in our laboratory showed that NMDA receptor activation, via NO and Dexras1, physiologically stimulates DMT1, the major iron importer. A membrane-permeable iron chelator substantially reduces NMDA excitotoxicity, suggesting that Dexras1-mediated iron influx plays a crucial role in NMDA/NO-mediated cell death. We here report that iron influx is elicited by nitric oxide but not by other proapoptotic stimuli, such as H₂O₂ or staurosporine. Deletion of Dexras1 in mice attenuates NO-mediated cell death in dissociated primary cortical neurons and retinal ganglion cells in vivo. Thus, Dexras1 appears to mediate NMDA-elicited neurotoxicity via NO and iron influx.
Generation of DNA-based markers in specific genome regions by two-primer RAPD reactions. (1995)

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers offer quick screening of different regions of the genome for genetic polymorphisms. The standard RAPD procedure uses a single 10-base-long random oligonucleotide as a primer to amplify short stretches of the genome by PCR. We modified the procedure by using two primers in each reaction in a Brassica napus mapping project. We found that the two-primer RAPD tends to amplify more and smaller fragments than the standard RAPD technique. These new bands were always amplified in the two-primer reactions, and Southern analysis revealed that they had no homology to the bands amplified in single-primer reactions involving the same primers. Furthermore, these new markers were not linked to markers amplified with the same primers in the standard RAPD reactions, suggesting that they were amplified from different genomic regions. The advantage of the two-primer RAPDs is that it allows more reactions to be carried out with a limited number of primers to generate more markers. Using a single primer, the number of reactions is equal to the number of primers (n), which in turn limits the total number of markers. When using two primers in all possible combinations, the total number of reactions increases to n x (n-1/2). This method could be useful in conjunction with bulked segregant analysis to develop high density maps of certain chromosomal regions. We used this approach to map a second marker linked to a gene governing low linolenic acid concentration in a B. napus F2 population.
A Branching and Merging Convolutional Network with Homogeneous Filter Capsules (2020)

We present a convolutional neural network design with additional branches after certain convolutions so that we can extract features with differing effective receptive fields and levels of abstraction. From each branch, we transform each of the final filters into a pair of homogeneous vector capsules. As the capsules are formed from entire filters, we refer to them as filter capsules. We then compare three methods for merging the branches--merging with equal weight and merging with learned weights, with two different weight initialization strategies. This design, in combination with a domain-specific set of randomly applied augmentation techniques, establishes a new state of the art for the MNIST dataset with an accuracy of 99.84% for an ensemble of these models, as well as establishing a new state of the art for a single model (99.79% accurate). These accuracies were achieved with a 75% reduction in both the number of parameters and the number of epochs of training relative to the previously best performing capsule network on MNIST. All training was performed using the Adam optimizer and experienced no overfitting.
An evaluation framework for comparing geocoding systems (2013)

The evaluation framework developed in this research is proven successful in differentiating between key capabilities of geocoding systems that are important in the context of a large organization with significant investments in geocoding resources. Results from the proposed methodology highlight important differences across all axes of geocoding system comparisons including spatial data output accuracy, reference data coverage, system flexibility, the potential for tight integration, and the need for specialized staff and/or development time and funding. Such results can empower decisions-makers within large organizations as they make decisions and investments in geocoding systems.
Preparation of Phenol over Dehydroxylated HZSM-5 Zeolites (1993)

The influence of the pretreatment temperature of zeolites on their activity in oxidation of benzene to phenol using N2O has been investigated. Dehydroxylation of HZSM-5 zeolites has been found to lead to a significant increase in phenol yield over these zeolites.
The TiO<sub>2</sub>–Catechol Complex: Coupling Type II Sensitization with Efficient Catalysis of Water Oxidation (2013)

Two main requirements must be fulfilled in order to construct an efficient TiO 2 ‐based photo‐electrochemical water splitting cell. One is the expansion of the cell's spectral response, usually by the attachment of a sensitizing dye monolayer on the surface of the TiO 2 . The second involves the incorporation of a water oxidation catalyst that reduces the overpotential for the oxygen evolution reaction. These requirements are often achieved by the co‐adsorption of both the dye and the catalyst on the TiO 2 , or by a covalent attachment of the catalyst to the dye molecule. Here, the possibility to use a single material that acts as a sensitizer and a catalyst is presented. The use of a catechol molecule to form a type II charge transfer complex with TiO 2 widens the absorption of the system into the visible region. The TiO 2 ‐catechol complex is highly catalytic toward the oxidation of water to oxygen, reducing the electrocatalytic reaction overpotential by 500 mV compared to bare TiO 2 . A suggested catalytic mechanism for the water oxidation reaction is described. This methodology opens a new path for type II charge transfer complexes to be utilized as catalysts/light absorbers in water splitting systems based on TiO 2 or other metal oxides.
Synthesis, structure, and optical properties of colloidal GaN quantum dots (1999)

Colloidal chemistry was used to synthesize GaN quantum dots. A GaN precursor, polymeric gallium imide, {Ga(NH)3/2}n, which was prepared by the reaction of dimeric amidogallium with ammonia at room temperature, was heated in trioctylamine at 360 °C for one day to produce GaN nanocrystals. The GaN particles were separated, purified, and partially dispersed in a nonpolar solvent to yield transparent colloidal solutions that consisted of individual GaN particles. The GaN nanocrystals have a spherical shape and mean diameter of about 30±12 Å. The spectroscopic behavior of colloidal transparent dispersion has been investigated and shows that the band gap of the GaN nanocrystals shifts to slightly higher energy due to quantum confinement. The photoluminescence spectrum at 10 K (excited at 310 nm) shows band edge emission with several emission peaks in the range between 3.2 and 3.8 eV, while the photoluminescence excitation spectrum shows two excited-state transitions at higher energies.
Vitamin D: A new player in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? (2015)

Vitamin D through its active form 1a-25-dihydroxyvtamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is a secosteroid hormone that plays a key role in mineral metabolism. Recent years have witnessed a significant scientific interest on vitamin D and expanded its actions to include immune modulation, cell differentiation and proliferation and inflammation regulation. As our understanding of the many functions of vitamin D has grown, the presence of vitamin D deficiency has become one of the most prevalent micronutrient deficiencies worldwide. Concomitantly, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common form of chronic liver disease in western countries. NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency often coexist and epidemiologic evidence has shown that both of these conditions share several cardiometabolic risk factors. In this article we provide an overview of the epidemiology and pathophysiology linking NAFLD and vitamin D deficiency, as well as the available evidence on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in NAFLD.
The clinical significance of cytogenetic studies in 100 patients with multiple myeloma, plasma cell leukemia, or amyloidosis (1985)

Chromosome studies were done on 82 patients with multiple myeloma, 11 with amyloidosis, 2 with multiple myeloma and amyloidosis, and 5 with plasma cell leukemia to investigate their chromosomal abnormalities and to determine the usefulness of cytogenetic studies. A chromosomally abnormal clone was found in 29 patients but was observed most often in those with active disease: in 18% of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, in 63% with aggressive disease, and in 40% with plasma cell leukemia. Survival among the newly diagnosed patients was significantly shorter (P = .0089) for those in whom an abnormal clone was identified (median survival, six months) than for those in whom only normal metaphases were observed (median survival, greater than 12 months). Among all of the patients, survival from the time of chromosome analysis was shorter for those in whom a chromosomally abnormal clone was found: the median survival was three months for patients with all abnormal metaphases and eight months for patients with normal and abnormal metaphases and has not yet been reached for patients with only normal metaphases. The most common anomalous chromosomes in patients with a plasma cell proliferative disorder were 1, 11, and 14: 11 patients had an abnormality involving chromosome 14q32 and nine patients had an anomalous chromosome 11. The single most common abnormality, a t(11;14)(q13;q32), occurred in three patients. Among the patients who developed preleukemia or acute nonlymphocytic leukemia, the most common anomaly involved chromosome 7. The results suggest that cytogenetic studies are useful for identifying patients who have a poor prognosis and can help distinguish patients with a cytopenia because of preleukemia from those with an aggressive plasma cell proliferative process.
Study on N, P and K accumulations at rice grain filling stage and nitrogen efficiency of grain production under different nitrogen fertilizer rates. (2009)

Ten keng rice cultivars different in nitrogen use efficiency were used as test materials and the changes of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium accumulations at grain filling stage and their relations to nitrogen efficincy of grain production were studied under 3 different nitrogen fertilizer rates.The results showed that the N contents of sheath leaf and stem reached the highest at the early filling stage and then decreased gradually,but the N accumulation of panicle increased in the whole filling stage.The N10 and N20 treatments were more beneficial to the plants' absorbing N and increasing N content.The application of nitrogen fertilizer could promote P and K accumulation of grains at early filling stage and accelerate P and K transfer at later filling stage.The amount of N accumulation in the sheath leaf and stem at later filling stage was negatively correlated to the nitrogen efficiency of grain production and the correlation was very significant in the N0 and N20 treatments and significant in the N10 treatment.The nitrogen efficiency of grain production was very positively correlated to the distribution ratio of N in the ear and very negatively correlated to the distribution ratios of N in the sheath leaf and stem at later filling stage in all 3 treatments.The results above showed that the nutrient absorption and accumulation at rice grain filling stage were quite different,nitrogen fertilizer rate should be determined according to different growth stages,and it was feasible to reduce fertilizer waste and its environmental pollution under ensuring normal growth and development of rice.
On the mechanism behind freezing-induced chemical crosslinking in ice-templated cellulose nanofibril aerogels (2018)

The underlying mechanism related to freeze-induced crosslinking of aldehyde-containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) has been investigated, and the critical parameters behind this process have been identified.
Edit detection and parsing for transcribed speech (2001)

We present a simple architecture for parsing transcribed speech in which an edited-word detector first removes such words from the sentence string, and then a standard statistical parser trained on transcribed speech parses the remaining words. The edit detector achieves a misclassification rate on edited words of 2.2%. (The NULL-model, which marks everything as not edited, has an error rate of 5.9%.) To evaluate our parsing results we introduce a new evaluation metric, the purpose of which is to make evaluation of a parse tree relatively indifferent to the exact tree position of EDITED nodes. By this metric the parser achieves 85.3% precision and 86.5% recall.
Bioavailability of soy isoflavones in rats Part I: Application of accurate methodology for studying the effects of gender and source of isoflavones (2007)

There are limited and controversial reports about the effects of gender and source of isoflavones on their bioavailability. Moreover, several previous studies have not used appropriate methodology to determine the bioavailability of soy isoflavones, which requires comparing the area under the plasma concentration-time curve after both oral and intravenous injection (IV) administration. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the bioavailability of isoflavones from different sources following both oral and IV administration in male and female rats. Three sources of isoflavones; Novasoy (a commercial supplement), a mixture of synthetic aglycones (daidzein, genistein and glycitein) and a mixture of synthetic glucosides (daidzin, genistin and glycitin) were tested. Following administration, blood samples were collected at several time points (0, 10, 30 min and 1, 2, 8, 24, 48 h post oral gavage and 0, 10, 30, 45 min and 1, 2, 3, 4, 8 h post-IV dosing) and plasma isoflavones were measured by LC/MS. Bioavailability values for daidzein, genistein and glycitein were significantly (p <0.05) higher (up to sevenfold) in Novasoy and the glucoside forms of isoflavones compared with those of the aglycone forms. Moreover, significant (p <0.05) gender differences in the bioavailability of 7-hydroxyl-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman (a metabolite of daidzein), glycitein and daidzein were observed for Novasoy, with higher values in male rats. In summary, the source of isoflavones and the sex of rats had significant effects on isoflavone bioavailability.
Comparison of <i>P</i>‐wave attenuation models of wave‐induced flow (2014)

ABSTRACT Wave‐induced oscillatory fluid flow in the vicinity of inclusions embedded in porous rocks is one of the main causes for P ‐wave dispersion and attenuation at seismic frequencies. Hence, the P ‐wave velocity depends on wave frequency, porosity, saturation, and other rock parameters. Several analytical models quantify this wave‐induced flow attenuation and result in characteristic velocity–saturation relations. Here, we compare some of these models by analyzing their low‐ and high‐frequency asymptotic behaviours and by applying them to measured velocity–saturation relations. Specifically, the Biot–Rayleigh model considering spherical inclusions embedded in an isotropic rock matrix is compared with White's and Johnson's models of patchy saturation. The modeling of laboratory data for tight sandstone and limestone indicates that, by selecting appropriate inclusion size, the Biot‐Rayleigh predictions are close to the measured values, particularly for intermediate and high water saturations.
Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Traffic Forecasting (2019)

Graph convolutional neural networks (GCNN) have become an increasingly active field of research. It models the spatial dependencies of nodes in a graph with a pre-defined Laplacian matrix based on node distances. However, in many application scenarios, spatial dependencies change over time, and the use of fixed Laplacian matrix cannot capture the change. To track the spatial dependencies among traffic data, we propose a dynamic spatio-temporal GCNN for accurate traffic forecasting. The core of our deep learning framework is the finding of the change of Laplacian matrix with a dynamic Laplacian matrix estimator. To enable timely learning with a low complexity, we creatively incorporate tensor decomposition into the deep learning framework, where real-time traffic data are decomposed into a global component that is stable and depends on long-term temporal-spatial traffic relationship and a local component that captures the traffic fluctuations. We propose a novel design to estimate the dynamic Laplacian matrix of the graph with above two components based on our theoretical derivation, and introduce our design basis. The forecasting performance is evaluated with two realtime traffic datasets. Experiment results demonstrate that our network can achieve up to 25% accuracy improvement.
Service-based collaborative workflow for DAME (2005)

The paper reports on research to design and implement a service-based, secure collaborative workflow system for distributed aircraft maintenance environment (DAME). This has been developed by the Universities of York, Sheffield, Oxford and Leeds, and industrial partners, Rolls-Royce and Data Systems and Solutions (DS&S). DAME is a prototype system to support aircraft engine maintenance and predictive services. It is an example of a virtual organisation with grid-based services running at the four universities sites. To meet the industrial requirements strong security is implemented to protect commercially sensitive services and data. Application services have been coordinated using the DAME workflow management system to automate business processes and control collaborative access. A dynamic workflow-team policy is used to authorise user access to workflow instances and corresponding service instances. The paper includes aspects of an initial evaluation with the industrial participants and illustrates the feasibility of using DAME in an industrial environment.
A Unified Framework and Sequential Data Cleaning Approach for a Data Warehouse (2008)

Summary The data cleaning is the process of identifying and removing the errors in the data warehouse. Data cleaning is very important in data mining process. Most of the organizations are in the need of quality data. The quality of the data needs to be improved in the data warehouse before the mining process. The framework available for data cleaning offers the fundamental services for data cleaning such as attribute selection, formation of tokens, selection of clustering algorithm, selection of similarity function, selection of elimination function and merge function. This research paper deals about the new framework for data cleaning. It also presents a solution to handle data cleaning process by using a new framework design in a sequential order.
The role of mitogen-activated protein targeting in melanoma beyond BRAFV600 (2016)

A more comprehensive understanding of genetically defined subtypes of melanoma is emerging. Efforts in the clinic are already underway, but additional, well designed trials of MAPK-targeted therapy planned and needed.
Enhancement of the dynamic buckling load for a plate by using piezoceramic actuators (2001)

We consider geometric and material nonlinearities when studying numerically the transient three-dimensional elastic deformations of a plate with piezoceramic elements perfectly bonded to its top and bottom surfaces, and analyze the effect of the shape and the size of the piezoceramic actuators on increasing the buckling load of the plate. The applied compressive edge load is assumed to increase linearly with time and the plate is taken to have buckled when the maximum transverse deflection at a point equals three times the plate's thickness.
Multifunctional 3D nanoarchitectures for energy storage and conversion (2008)

The design and fabrication of three-dimensional multifunctional architectures from the appropriate nanoscale building blocks, including the strategic use of void space and deliberate disorder as design components, permits a re-examination of devices that produce or store energy as discussed in this critical review. The appropriate electronic, ionic, and electrochemical requirements for such devices may now be assembled into nanoarchitectures on the bench-top through the synthesis of low density, ultraporous nanoarchitectures that meld high surface area for heterogeneous reactions with a continuous, porous network for rapid molecular flux. Such nanoarchitectures amplify the nature of electrified interfaces and challenge the standard ways in which electrochemically active materials are both understood and used for energy storage. An architectural viewpoint provides a powerful metaphor to guide chemists and materials scientists in the design of energy-storing nanoarchitectures that depart from the hegemony of periodicity and order with the promise--and demonstration--of even higher performance (265 references).