gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>New approach to robust optics for HEL systems</title> (2002)

A new material for optics is being developed that promises to be far more robust than alternative materials. It is a photo-thermo-refractive (PTR) glass in which Bragg gratings (holograms) can be written in the interior (not the surface) of the glass. The gratings are permanent as they are not removed by illuminating them with light at other wavelengths or by heating unless the temperature exceeds 400 degree(s)C. This technology can be used to make diffractive elements such as spatial filters, attenuators, switches, modulators, beam splitters, beam samplers, beam deflectors, selectors of particular wavelengths (notch filters, add/drop elements), spectral shape formers (gain equalizers), spectral sensors, angular sensors, Bragg spectrometers, and transverse and longitudinal mode selectors in a laser resonator. The PTR Bragg grating has been exposed to a 100 W, 1096 nm beam focused to 100 kW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> spot for 10 minutes without exhibiting any temperature rise. The pulsed laser damage threshold has been measured to be within 30% of that of the best silica glass used in high power 1064 nm systems. The useful spectral range of this glass is from 350 nm to 2.8 microns.
Soldering to a single atomic layer (2008)

The standard technique to make electrical contact to nanostructures is electron beam lithography. This method has several drawbacks including complexity, cost, and sample contamination. We present a simple technique to cleanly solder submicron sized, Ohmic contacts to nanostructures. To demonstrate, we contact graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon, and investigate low- and high-bias electronic transport. We set lower bounds on the current carrying capacity of graphene. A simple model allows us to obtain device characteristics such as mobility, minimum conductance, and contact resistance.
Text replacement on cylindrical surfaces: a semi-automatic approach (2012)

Image-based customization that incorporates personalized text strings into photorealistic images in a natural and appealing way has been of great interest lately. We describe a semi-automatic approach for replacing text on cylindrical surfaces in images of natural scenes or objects. The user is requested to select a boundary for the existing text and align a pair of edges for the sides of the cylinder. The algorithm erases the existing text, and instantiates a 3-D cylinder forward projection model to render the new text. The parameters of the forward projection model are estimated by optimizing a carefully designed cost function. Experimental results show that the text-replaced images look natural and appealing.
Distributed round-robin and first-come first-serve protocols and their applications to multiprocessor bus arbitration (1988)

Two new distributed protocols for fair and efficient bus arbitration are presented. The protocols implement round-robin (RR) and first-come first-serve (FCFS) scheduling, respectively. Both protocols use relatively few control lines on the bus, and their logic is simple. The round-robin protocol, which uses statically assigned arbitration numbers to resolve conflict during an arbitration, is more robust and simpler to implement than previous distributed RR protocols that are based on rotating agent priorities. The proposed FCFS protocol uses partly static arbitration numbers, and is the first practical proposal for a FCFS arbiter known to the authors. The proposed protocols thus have a better combination of efficiency, cost, and fairness characteristics than existing multiprocessor bus arbitration algorithms. Three implementations of our RR protocol, and two implementations of our FCFS protocol, are discussed. Simulation results are presented that address: 1) the practical potential for unfairness in the simpler implementation of the FCFS protocol, 2) the practical implications of the higher waiting time variance in the RR protocol, and 3) the allocation of bus bandwidth among agents with unequal request rates in each protocol. The simulation results indicate that there is very little practical difference in the performance of the two protocols.
N-Methylolpolyethyleneureas-Reagents Yielding Durable-Press Cotton Fabrics with Improved Retention of Strength-Abrasion Resistance (1978)

Polyethylenimines, degree of polymerization = 1-5, 7, and 14, were reacted with urea to form oligomeric noncyclic analogues of ethyleneurea that were subsequently treated with formaldehyde to yield the corresponding N-methylol polyethyleneureas. All seven of these oligomers were shown to undergo facile acid-catalyzed gelation at 50°C. They were applied to cotton twill with Al 2 (OH) 2 Cl.2NH 2 O as the crosslinking/polymerization catalyst. The textile properties of these fabrics were compared with those of fabrics treated with ten conventional crosslinking reagent/catalyst systems. The fabrics finished with the N methylolpolyethyleneureas had significantly higher than conventional levels of retained strength and abrasion resistance at comparable durable-press appearance ratings. The best balance of properties oc curred when the degree of polymerization of the N-methylolpolyethyleneurea was in the 2-4 range. Microscopical studies indicated a more open, less tightly cross-linked structure in the N-methylolpolyethyleneurea fabrics relative to fabrics treated with conventional reagents. The attractive performance properties conferred by the N-methylolpolyethyl eneureas are attributed to the ability of the reagent to penetrate the cotton fiber, undergo facile polymerization and moderate cellulosic crosslinking, deposit small amounts of resin on fiber surfaces, and yield modified fibers that are more open and less tightly crosslinked than are conventionally crosslinked fibers.
Sex Attractant for Adult Males of the Redbacked Cutworm,Euxoa ochrogaster1 (1978)

Laboratory and field testing of a large number of synthetic compounds and many combinations of them revealed that male moths of the redbacked cutworm, Euxoa ochrogaster (Guenée), were attracted to combinations of Z -5-dodecenyl acetate and Z -8-dodecenyl acetate, with the greatest catches to ratios of 1:2 to 1:5. The attraction of males was improved by the addition of Z -4-decenyl, Z -5-undecenyl, or E -5-decenyl acetates as 3rd components. These combinations were all specific for redbacked cutworm males and they all attracted males with the full range of wing color patterns. The attraction of males was inhibited by Z -5-decenyl or Z -7-dodecenyl acetates.
Abstract A13: Anti-CD38-attenukine: A myeloma-targeting immunocytokine containing an engineered IFNα that provides &gt;10,000-fold enhanced tumor-specific activity compared to native IFNα. (2015)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease despite recent approvals of novel therapies. Treatments which utilize alkylating agents, corticosteroids, proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs have provided significant survival benefits; however, tumor relapse eventually occurs with the use of these agents. The cytokine, interferon-α (IFNα), has been used clinically to treat MM for over 30 years. IFNα exerts good anti-myeloma tumor activity but durable responses are rarely achieved due to dose limiting toxicities. Tumor specificity can be modestly increased by attaching IFNα to an anti-CD38 antibody, thus targeting the cytokine to MM cells. However, by introducing an attenuating mutation to the IFNα portion of this fusion protein, the activity of the cytokine is dramatically reduced on CD38 negative cells while exhibiting a similar potency to native IFNα on CD38+ MM cells. As a result, the anti-CD38-attenuated IFNα, referred to as anti-CD38-attenukine™, has over 10,000-fold greater myeloma-specificity than native IFNα in vitro. In vivo, even though the off-target activity is decreased, anti-CD38-attenukine™ has profound anti-tumor effects in murine MM and NHL xenograft models. Treatment with this fusion protein can cure mice with large (&gt;700mm3) tumors—an effect not observed with any other MM agents tested. Here we report that in a Velcade (bortezomib) refractory, IFNα-insensitive primary MM xenograft model, the combination of Velcade with anti-CD38-attenukine™ has potent anti-tumor activity, resulting in tumour elimination and curing of mice. Our findings indicate that anti-CD38-attenukine™ may be a well tolerated, potent anti-MM treatment that may be utilized alone or in combination with Velcade. Citation Format: Sarah Pogue, Tetsuya Taura, Mingying Bi, Glen Mikesell, Yong Yun, Angela Sho, Eric Sanchez, Haiming Chen, James Berenson, Collette Behrens, Maxwell Stevens, Teresa Domagala, Maya Sokolovsky, Hussein Hallak, Moti Rosenstock, Anthony Doyle, David Wilson. Anti-CD38-attenukine: A myeloma-targeting immunocytokine containing an engineered IFNα that provides &gt;10,000-fold enhanced tumor-specific activity compared to native IFNα. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Hematologic Malignancies: Translating Discoveries to Novel Therapies; Sep 20-23, 2014; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2015;21(17 Suppl):Abstract nr A13.
Binary translation using peephole superoptimizers (2008)

We present a new scheme for performing binary translation that produces code comparable to or better than existing binary translators with much less engineering effort. Instead of hand-coding the translation from one instruction set to another, our approach automatically learns translation rules using superoptimization techniques. We have implemented a PowerPC-x86 binary translator and report results on small and large computeintensive benchmarks. When compared to the native compiler, our translated code achieves median performance of 67% on large benchmarks and in some small stress tests actually outperforms the native compiler. We also report comparisons with the open source binary translator Qemu and a commercial tool, Apple's Rosetta. We consistently outperformthe former and are comparable to or faster than the latter on all but one benchmark.
ChemInform Abstract: Binary Antidotes for Organophosphate Poisoning: Aprophen Analogues That are Both Antimuscarinics and Carbamates. (1989)

Abstract The carbaphens (VI), (VII), (XIII), and (XV), analogues of aprophen (XVI), are synthesized as outlined in the reaction scheme.
Storage-based file system integrity checker (2005)

In this paper we present a storage based intrusion detection system (IDS) which uses time and space efficient point-in-time copy and performs file system integrity checks to detect intrusions. The storage system software is enhanced to keep track of modified blocks such that the file system scan can be performed more efficiently. Furthermore, when an intrusion occurs a recent undamaged copy of the storage is used to recover the compromised data.
Improvement of Magnetic Field Behavior of <i>Ex-Situ</i> Processed Magnesium Diboride Tapes (2007)

MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> tapes have been synthesized through the ex-situ powder-in-tube (PIT) method. This technique involves the cold working of tubes of various metals-in this case Ni-previously filled by suitably reacted MgB powders, followed by proper heat treatments. In particular, it allows the use of different starting powders and the control over their properties. We studied the influence of the starting powders on the superconducting properties of the final conductors, and we tried to improve their behavior in magnetic field by mastering their grain size and by inserting appropriate doping. In order to improve the pinning properties of the tapes, the granulometry has been varied through ball-milling of MgB, and different dopants-such as carbon or SiC nanoparticles-have been introduced either on the precursors or on MgB. Critical current measurements on the tapes are presented, both magnetic from the SQUID and transport in high magnetic field. In particular, IV characteristics have been measured up to 13 Tesla at GHMFL (Grenoble) in order to extract the critical current in two directions, i.e. with the field perpendicular and parallel to the tape surface.
Optical Addressing And Clocking Of RAM's (1989)

Proposed random-access-memory (RAM) addressing system, in which memory linked optically to read/write logic circuits, greatly increases computer operating speed. System - comprises addressing circuits including numerous lasers as signal sources, numerous optical gates including optical detectors associated with memory cells, and holographic element to direct light signals to desired memory-cell locations - applied to high-capacity digital systems, supercomputers, and complex microcircuits.
Early Prediction of Lupus Nephritis Using Advanced Proteomics (2008)

Abstract : The purpose of this project is to identify initial biomarker patterns in SLE nephritis using screening proteomic profiling. Subject recruitment has been completed. Utility of one of the biomarkers (NGAL) in predicting worsening of global and renal SLE disease activity has been validated. We have identified novel urinary biomarkers that distinguish between class IV and class V lupus nephritis, including alpha-1-B glycoprotein by 2D gel electrophoresis, alpha-1-antitrypsin by SELDI-TOF-MS, citrate and taurine by NMR spectroscopy-based metabolomic profiling, and apolipoprotein D, lipocalin-like prostaglandin D synthetase, hemopexin, ceruloplasmin, alpha-1-B glycoprotein and orosomucoid by LC-MS/MS profiling. These important findings need validation. First, we need to validate whether these biomarkers are differentially expressed in patients with kidney biopsy-proven lupus nephritis types IV and V. Another important component of validation will be to utilize a different assay to confirm the novel findings on proteomic profiling. These are our goals for the upcoming year. Overall, these studies will identify a subset of non-invasive biomarkers that identify lupus nephritis sub-classes, and predict the clinical course of the disease. The significance of such biomarkers is that they will provide novel non-invasive tools to identify patients with lupus nephritis, to risk-stratify the subjects for therapies, and to follow the efficacy of therapies.
Quantitative Analysis of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soils: Comparison between Reflectance Spectroscopy and Solvent Extraction by 3 Certified Laboratories (2012)

The commonly used analytic method for assessing total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in soil, EPA method 418.1, is usually based on extraction with 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethane (Freon 113) and FTIR spectroscopy of the extracted solvent. This method is widely used for initial site investigation, due to the relative low price per sample. It is known that the extraction efficiency varies depending on the extracting solvent and other sample properties. This study’s main goal was to evaluate reflectance spectroscopy as a tool for TPH assessment, as compared with three commercial certified laboratories using traditional methods. Large variations were found between the results of the three commercial laboratories, both internally (average deviation up to 20%), and between laboratories (average deviation up to 103%). Reflectance spectroscopy method was found be as good as the commercial laboratories in terms of accuracy and could be a viable field-screening tool that is rapid, environmental friendly, and cost effective.
<title>Low-power high-resolution 3D sonar imaging system</title> (1999)

The need for multiple, cost-effective deployment of undersea acoustic mine-field reconnaissance and mine-hunting systems requires the development of light-weight, low-power, high- resolution sonars. These imaging sonars should be portable enough for use in a diver's hands or in a remote imaging sonar on an unmanned undersea vehicle in shallow waters. Under the support of the DARPA Sonoelectronics program, a system that can simultaneously focus many signals using multiple CCD/CMOS, programmable time-delay beamforming circuits connected to a sparsely-populated 2D acoustic array, is being developed. Using this approach, a real-time image could be formed to search for mine-like objects. To make a sparse array practical, the combination of low insertion loss and wide bandwidth performance is critical to realizing acceptable imaging performance with low illumination levels. In this system, a 20 cm diameter 2 MHz sparse array providing a 0.21 degree main beamwidth is proposed. Using this array, a real-time 2D cross-sectional scan of 128 X 128 pixels is achievable with a down-range and cross-range resolution of approximately 1 cm at a range of 3 m. In this paper, the signal-to-clutter ratios as a function of array bandwidth and sparse-array elements placement are presented. Furthermore, the performance of a CCD/CMOS subarray processor will be reported.
Simultaneous stimulation of slow-wave sleep and growth hormone secretion by gamma-hydroxybutyrate in normal young Men. (1997)

The aim of this study was to investigate, in normal young men, whether gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB), a reliable stimulant of slow-wave (SW) sleep in normal subjects, would simultaneously enhance sleep related growth hormone (GH) secretion. Eight healthy young men participated each in four experiments involving bedtime oral administration of placebo, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 g of GHB. Polygraphic sleep recordings were performed every night, and blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals from 2000 to 0800. GHB effects were mainly observed during the first 2 h after sleep onset. There was a doubling of GH secretion, resulting from an increase of the amplitude and the duration of the first GH pulse after sleep onset. This stimulation of GH secretion was significantly correlated to a simultaneous increase in the amount of sleep stage IV. Abrupt but transient elevations of prolactin and cortisol were also observed, but did not appear to be associated with the concomitant stimulation of SW sleep. Thyrotropin and melatonin profiles were not altered by GHB administration. These data suggest that pharmacological agents that reliably stimulate SW sleep, such as GHB, may represent a novel class of powerful GH secretagogues.
Differentiable Content Addressable Memory with Memristors (2022)

Abstract Memristors, Flash, and related nonvolatile analog device technologies offer in‐memory computing structures operating in the analog domain, such as accelerating linear matrix operations in array structures. These take advantage of analog tunability and large dynamic range. At the other side, content addressable memories (CAM) are fast digital lookup tables which effectively perform nonlinear Boolean logic and return a digital match/mismatch value. Recently, nonvolatile analog CAMs have been presented merging analog storage and analog search operations with digital match/mismatch output. However, CAM blocks cannot easily be inserted within a larger adaptive system due to the challenges of training and learning with binary outputs. Here, a missing link between analog crossbar arrays and CAMs, namely a differentiable content addressable memory (dCAM), is presented. Utilizing nonvolatile memories that act as a “soft” memory with analog outputs, dCAM enables learning and fine‐tuning of the memory operation and performance. Four applications are quantitatively evaluated to highlight the capabilities: improved data pattern storage, improved robustness to noise and variability, reduced energy and latency performance, and an application to solving Boolean satisfiability optimization problems. The use of dCAM is envisioned as a core building block of fully differentiable computing systems employing multiple types of analog compute operations and memories.
Forecasting and Early Warning for Adversarial Targeting in Industrial Control Systems (2018)

A new feature-based forecasting framework of abnormalities is presented for early warning for cyber-physical control systems. The abnormalities may refer to intelligent cyber-attacks or naturally occurring faults and failures. Techniques presented here are aimed at protecting against unauthorized intrusions as well as fault prevention. Time series signals from system monitoring nodes are converted to features using feature discovery techniques. The feature behavior for each monitoring node is characterized in the form of decision boundaries, separating normal and abnormal space with operating data collected from the plant or by running virtual models of the plant. A set of ensemble state-space models are constructed for representing feature evolution in time-domain, where the ensembles are selected using Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) clustering. The forecasted outputs are anticipated time-evolution of features, computed by applying an adaptive Kalman predictor to each ensemble model. The overall features forecast is then obtained through dynamic ensemble averaging. This is done by projecting evolution of feature vector to future times in a receding horizon fashion. The features forecast are compared to the decision boundary to estimate if/when the feature vectors will cross the boundary. Simulation results in a high fidelity GE gas turbine platform, show the effectiveness of our approach for forecasting abnormalities.
Combusion synthesis of Nb-N graded material. (1990)

The NbN ceramic plate was formed very quickly by nitriding Nb metal plate in a chemical furnace utilizing the combustion synthesis reaction. Very high heat of 2700K can be supplied to the sample by igniting the combustion agent of Nb+NbN powders charged in the furnace in pressurized nitrogen atmosphere below 10MPa. When the Nb metal is thin within 100μm, it was fully converted into B1 phase NbN. For thick Nb metal as much as 1mm, the NbN ceramic layer was formed for several ten μm at the surface. In this case, nitrogen atoms diffused gradually into the metal plate and the graded structure of NbN-Nb2N-Nb was formed. The Vickers microhardness gradually decreased from the surface to the inside. B1 phase NbN is a superconducting material. The nitrided plate showed the critical temperature of 16.2K. Complicated shape components of NbN-Nb can be easily formed by this new nitriding method.
Double-Referential Collinear Holographic Memory and Spatial Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (2011)

A double-referential method, in which the reference light necessary for phase detection can be generated as diffraction light of the optical hologram automatically, is newly proposed. 16-SQAM signals can be reconstructed through dual-stage holography.
Restoration of high-sensitivity and adapting vision with a cone opsin (2019)

Inherited and age-related retinal degenerative diseases cause progressive loss of rod and cone photoreceptors, leading to blindness, but spare downstream retinal neurons, which can be targeted for optogenetic therapy. However, optogenetic approaches have been limited by either low light sensitivity or slow kinetics, and lack adaptation to changes in ambient light, and not been shown to restore object vision. We find that the vertebrate medium wavelength cone opsin (MW-opsin) overcomes these limitations and supports vision in dim light. MW-opsin enables an otherwise blind retinitis pigmenotosa mouse to discriminate temporal and spatial light patterns displayed on a standard LCD computer tablet, displays adaption to changes in ambient light, and restores open-field novel object exploration under incidental room light. By contrast, rhodopsin, which is similar in sensitivity but slower in light response and has greater rundown, fails these tests. Thus, MW-opsin provides the speed, sensitivity and adaptation needed to restore patterned vision.