gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and characterization of a dog serum lipoprotein having apolipoprotein A-I as its predominant protein constituent (1976)

The serum high density lipoproteins (HDL) of normolipemic dogs (beagles) were isolated in the density range of p 1.063 to 1.21 g/ml, and characterized in terms of composition and physical properties (flotation and diffusion coefficients, partial specific volume, molecular weight, electrophoretic mobility, ultraviolet absorption, and circular dichroism). The results indicated that canine HDL is a relatively homogeneous class with a molecular weight of about 230 000 and general properties similar to those reported for human HDL. After delipidation, the resulting apolipoprotein, apo-HDL, was fractionated by Sephadex G-200 column chromatography in urea or guanidine hydrochloride solutions. About 90% of the apo-HDL consisted of a protein with a molecular weight of about 28 000, similar in amino acid composition to human apolipoprotein A-I and having the same NH2 terminus (aspartic acid) and COOH terminus (glutamine) and no carbohydrates. Two other proteins were isolated, one having an apparent mol wt of 55 000 and representing, at least in part, an aggregate of apolipoprotein A-I and the other component with a mol wt of 8000, not yet characterized. The results indicate that canine HDL, as an intact complex, has general physical properties that lie between those reported for human HDL2 and HDL3, and that it differs compositionally from the human products mainly in its predominant content of apo-A-I. These findings together with evidence for the relatively homogeneous nature of the canine HDL provide new prospects for unraveling the relationship between polypeptide composition and HDL structure.
Remote Moisture Sensing utilizing Ordinary RFID Tags (2007)

The paper presents a concept where pairs of ordinary RFID tags are exploited for use as remotely read moisture sensors. The pair of tags is incorporated into one label where one of the tags is embedded in a moisture absorbent material and the other is left open. In a humid environment the moisture concentration is higher in the absorbent material than the surrounding environment which causes degradation to the embedded tag's antenna in terms of dielectric losses and change of input impedance. The level of relative humidity or the amount of water in the absorbent material is determined for a passive RFID system by comparing the difference in RFID reader output power required to power up respectively the open and embedded tag. It is similarly shown how the backscattered signal strength of a semi-active RFID system is proportional to the relative humidity and amount of water in the absorbent material. Typical applications include moisture detection in buildings, especially from leaking water pipe connections hidden beyond walls. Presented solution has a cost comparable to ordinary RFID tags, and the passive system also has infinite life time since no internal power supply is needed. The concept is characterized for two commercial RFID systems, one passive operating at 868 MHz and one semi-active operating at 2.45 GHz.
A Cultural Comparison of Conflict-Solution Styles Displayed in the Japanese, French, and German School Texts (2012)

The purpose of this study is to examine the ways how to solve the conflicts between parents and children by statistical analyses displayed in Japanese, French, and German school texts published in 2000. The results were as follows: (1) Japanese parents and children acting in those texts have much more compromising tendency to avoid conflicts than French and German ones. Japanese children are much more expected to behave in harmony with others by avoidance of any conflicts, whereas French and German ones by presenting their opinions for their solution; and (2) French and German parents and children use a much more verbal communication style than Japanese ones do. Those children are expected to express their own opinions much more than Japanese children.
Reversal modes, thermal stability and exchange length in perpendicular recording media (2001)

Micromagnetic simulations are performed to investigate the reversal process and the thermal stability of a grain of a typical perpendicular recording media (Co-Cr). The integration of the LLG equation yields that the reversal process changes slowly and steadily from coherent rotation to nucleation with increasing column length. The region between homogeneous rotation and nucleation becomes smaller and is shifted to smaller column lengths if the damping constant is reduced from /spl alpha/=1 to /spl alpha/=0.02. In the weakly damped case very fast switching modes exist if the switching field is only slightly larger than the coercive field. In this small regime the switching time increases with higher switching fields. Using solutions of LLG simulations, energy barriers between the two stable states at zero field are estimated. For column lengths larger than 30 nm the energy barrier for inhomogeneous reversal processes are smaller than for coherent rotation.
Palmitoylation supports assembly and function of integrin–tetraspanin complexes (2004)

As observed previously, tetraspanin palmitoylation promotes tetraspanin microdomain assembly. Here, we show that palmitoylated integrins (alpha3, alpha6, and beta4 subunits) and tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, and CD63) coexist in substantially overlapping complexes. Removal of beta4 palmitoylation sites markedly impaired cell spreading and signaling through p130Cas on laminin substrate. Also in palmitoylation-deficient beta4, secondary associations with tetraspanins (CD9, CD81, and CD63) were diminished and cell surface CD9 clustering was decreased, whereas core alpha6beta4-CD151 complex formation was unaltered. There is also a functional connection between CD9 and beta4 integrins, as evidenced by anti-CD9 antibody effects on beta4-dependent cell spreading. Notably, beta4 palmitoylation neither increased localization into "light membrane" fractions of sucrose gradients nor decreased solubility in nonionic detergents-hence it does not promote lipid raft association. Instead, palmitoylation of beta4 (and of the closely associated tetraspanin CD151) promotes CD151-alpha6beta4 incorporation into a network of secondary tetraspanin interactions (with CD9, CD81, CD63, etc.), which provides a novel framework for functional regulation.
Self-Supervised Synonym Extraction from the Web * (2015)

Current synonym extraction methods work in a “closed ” way. Given the problem word and set of target words, researchers have to choose words synonymous with the problem word using features such as lexical patterns and distributional similarities. This paper tries to discover synonyms in an “open ” way and presents a synonym extraction framework based on self-supervised learning. We first analysis the nature of the open method and argue that a trained pattern-independent model for synonym extraction is feasible. We then model the extraction of synonyms from sentences as a sequential la-beling problem and automatically generate labeled training samples by using structured knowledge from online encyclopedias and some generic heuristic rules. Finally, we train some Conditional Random Field (CRF) models and use them to extract synonyms from the web. We successfully extract more than 20 million facts, which contain 826,219 dis-tinct pairs of synonyms.
Brodalumab in psoriasis: evidence to date and clinical potential (2019)

Brodalumab is a recombinant, fully human monoclonal antibody (IgG2) which binds with high affinity to the interleukin (IL) 17 receptor A (IL17R). Brodalumab is now licensed and approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe chronic plaque psoriasis in North America and Europe. As the third to market in the class of agents targeting IL-17, we review its place in the expanding armamentarium of cytokine-directed therapies for patients with severe psoriasis. Brodalumab is a highly efficacious therapy for psoriasis, whose mechanism of action is separate from other treatments targeting IL-17. Its use is associated with rapid control of the disease. We suggest that brodalumab is likely to be considered in those patients requiring rapid control of disease, where there is no known history of depression or suicidal ideation.
Permeation Through Five Commercially Available Glove Materials by Two Pentachlorophenol Formulations (1984)

Five glove materials were tested for permeation by two commonly used formulations of pentachlorophenol (PCP). Permeation was conducted using the method used in two prior studies by NIOSH. The lower limit of PCP quantitation in the receiving side of the permeation cell was 70 parts per billion (ppb). When challenged with a 4.3% PCP in diesel oil solution, both the Dayton Flexible Products Triflex (PVC) and the Best 64 NFW (natural rubber) gloves exhibited breakthrough times thirty seconds after exposure. The Playtex #835 (latex/neoprene) glove exhibited breakthrough after sixty minutes, but showed a five fold greater rate of permeation than the Dayton and the Best glove. Neither the Edmont Sol-Vex (nitrile rubber) nor the Granet Glo-Gluv (PVC) gloves had been permeated after testing for 8 and 16 hours respectively. Following challenge with a 4.2% sodium pentachlorophenate solution, only the Best (natural rubber) glove allowed breakthrough; this only thirty seconds after exposure. Neither the Dayton (5 hours), Playtex (7.5 hours), Edmont (15.5 hours), nor Granet (15.5 hours) gloves had been permeated following completion of testing after the listed duration. This study has shown that different gloves offer differing resistance to permeation by PCP based upon the composition of the glove and the PCP formulation tested.
Composition-Tunable Alloyed Semiconductor Nanocrystals (2010)

The ability to engineer the band gap energy of semiconductor nanocrystals has led to the development of nanomaterials with many new exciting properties and applications. Band gap engineering has thus proven to be an effective tool in the design of new nanocrystal-based semiconductor devices. As reported in numerous publications over the last three decades, tuning the size of nanocrystalline semiconductors is one way of adjusting the band gap energy. On the other hand, research on band gap engineering via control of nanocrystal composition, which is achieved by adjusting the constituent stoichiometries of alloyed semiconductors, is still in its infancy. In this Account, we summarize recent research on colloidal alloyed semiconductor nanocrystals that exhibit novel composition-tunable properties. Alloying of two semiconductors at the nanometer scale produces materials that display properties distinct not only from the properties of their bulk counterparts but also from those of their parent semiconductors. As a result, alloyed nanocrystals possess additional properties that are composition-dependent aside from the properties that emerge due to quantum confinement effects. For example, although the size-dependent emission wavelength of the widely studied CdSe nanocrystals can be continuously tuned to cover almost the entire visible spectrum, the near-infrared (NIR) region is far outside its spectral range. By contrast, certain alloy compositions of nanocrystalline CdSe(x)Te(1-x), an alloy of CdSe and CdTe, can efficiently emit light in the NIR spectral window. These NIR-emitting nanocrystals are potentially useful in several biomedical applications. In addition, highly stable nanocrystals formed by alloying CdSe with ZnSe (i.e., Zn(x)Cd(1-x)Se) emit blue light with excellent efficiency, a property seldom achieved by the parent binary systems. As a result, these materials can be used in short-wavelength optoelectronic devices. In the future, we foresee new discoveries related to these interesting nanoalloys. In particular, colloidal semiconductor nanoalloys that exhibit composition-dependent magnetic properties have yet to be reported. Further studies of the alloying mechanism are also needed to develop improved synthetic strategies for the preparation of these alloyed nanomaterials.
Feature Pyramid Networks for Object Detection (2016)

Feature pyramids are a basic component in recognition systems for detecting objects at different scales. But recent deep learning object detectors have avoided pyramid representations, in part because they are compute and memory intensive. In this paper, we exploit the inherent multi-scale, pyramidal hierarchy of deep convolutional networks to construct feature pyramids with marginal extra cost. A top-down architecture with lateral connections is developed for building high-level semantic feature maps at all scales. This architecture, called a Feature Pyramid Network (FPN), shows significant improvement as a generic feature extractor in several applications. Using FPN in a basic Faster R-CNN system, our method achieves state-of-the-art single-model results on the COCO detection benchmark without bells and whistles, surpassing all existing single-model entries including those from the COCO 2016 challenge winners. In addition, our method can run at 5 FPS on a GPU and thus is a practical and accurate solution to multi-scale object detection. Code will be made publicly available.
Topological perspective on HIV escape (2019)

A network analysis explains variability in immune control of HIV infection
Limitation of tuning the antibody-antigen reaction by changing the value of pH and its consequence for hyperthermia (2015)

Distribution of the isoelectric point (pI) was calculated for the hypervariable regions of Fab fragments of the antibody molecules, which structure is annotated in the structural antibody database SabDab. The distribution is consistent with the universal for all organisms dividing the proteome into two sets of acidic and basic proteins. It shows the additional fine structure in a form of the narrow-sized peaks of pI values. This is an explanation why a small change of the environmental pH can have a strong effect on the antibody-antigen affinity. To show this, a typical enzyme-linked immunospecific assay experiment for testing the reaction of goat anti-human IgA antibodies with human IgA immunoglobulins of saliva as antigens was modified in such a way that Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles were added to PBS buffer. The magnetic nanoparticles were remotely heated by the radio frequency magnetic field providing the local change of temperature and pH. It was observed that short times of the heating were significantly increasing the antibody-antigen binding strength while it was not the case for a longer time. The finding discussed in the study can be useful for biopharmaceuticals using antibodies, the immunoassay techniques as well as for control over the use of hyperthermia.
Improved Immunoperoxidase Staining Using Microwave Slide Drying (1990)

For paraffin sections to be stained by the immunoperoxidase method, we compared the conventional slide drying technique with a microwave technique. The conventional technique consists of drying the slides for 1 hour in a 58°C oven. The microwave technique consists of drying the slides for 1 minute in a General Electric Spacemaker II microwave oven. In addition to time savings, antigen staining was enhanced by the microwave drying in the majority of antibodies tested.
Therapeutic efficacy of sodium nitrite and 4-dimethylaminophenol or hydroxylamine co-administration against cyanide poisoning in rats (1995)

1. The therapeutic efficacy of combined treatment of sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and 4-dimethylaminophenol (DMAP) or hydroxylamine (H2NOH) was investigated in potassium cyanide (KCN) intoxication in male rats. 2. Therapy with NaNO2 (0.27 mmol kg-1) + DMAP (0.09 mmol kg-1) or NaNO2 + H2NOH (0.09 mmol kg-1, produced a protection index (ratio of LD50 of KCN in rats receiving therapy to an LD50 of KCN in rats given only 0.9% saline) of 2.5 and 2.0 respectively. 3. Both the regimens exhibited a beneficial effect in terms of improving the survival time and postural defects in rats exposed to 2 LD50 KCN. 4. NaNO2 + DMAP showed a significant protective effect in the disposition of the plasma cyanide level at different time intervals. 5. The NaNO2 + DMAP regimen was superior to NaNO2 + N2NOH in terms of reactivating the inhibited brain cytochrome oxidase enzyme. 6. The addition of sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3) in both the regimens increased the degree of protection. 7. The results suggest that combined therapy with NaNO2 + DMAP could significantly reduce the toxic effects of cyanide, compared with NaNO2+H2NOH treatment.
Automatic modulation classification based on statistical features and Support Vector Machine (2014)

Automatic classification of the modulation format of a detected signal plays an important role in cognitive radio system and several military and civilian applications. Without previous knowledge of the received data, automatic modulation classification (AMC) becomes a difficult task. This paper discusses AMC of digital schemes which are commonly used in today's communication systems. Several statistical features are extracted to represent signals and Support Vector Machines (SVMs) are then applied to classify the unknown modulation schemes. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed AMC algorithm is a practical algorithm and it has high robustness in a wide range of SNR.
(.+-.)-3-Allyl-7-halo-8-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines as selective high affinity D1 dopamine receptor antagonists: synthesis and structure-activity relationship (1992)

Substituted 1-phenyl-3-benzazepines form a class of compounds possessing potent and selective affinity for the D1 DA receptor. 7,8-Dihydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine (SKF 38393) and its 6-halo analogues are potent and selective D1 receptor agonists. Recently, the 3-allyl derivatives of SKF 38393 and its analogues were described as selective D1 agonists with higher D1 efficacy and CNS potency. In order to extend these results to compounds in the 7-halo-8-hydroxy-substituted antagonist series, we have synthesized and pharmacologically characterized 3-allyl analogues of 7-substituted (Cl, Br, H) 8-hydroxy-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepines. These 3-allyl derivatives were compared with their 3-methyl and 3-unsubstituted analogues in terms of their D1 receptor affinity and selectivity. The results have been used to generate structure-affinity relationships. The D1 receptor affinity, for 3-substitution, is found to be in the order: methyl greater than allyl greater than H. For 7-substitution, the affinity is in the order: Cl = Br greater than H. The 3-allyl compounds show affinity close to that of the parent (3-methyl) compounds while exhibiting a slightly diminished D1 selectivity. However, the greater lipophilicity of the 3-allyl compounds may enable them to cross the blood-brain barrier more readily and thereby exhibit higher in vivo CNS potency. Thus 3-allylbenzazepines have potential as high affinity selective D1 antagonists.
First-line pembrolizumab (pembro) with or without lenvatinib (lenva) in patients with advanced urothelial carcinoma (LEAP-011): A phase 3, randomized, double-blind study. (2022)

432 Background: Pembro monotherapy is a standard of care for advanced urothelial carcinoma (UC) and showed antitumor activity and acceptable safety when combined with lenva in the phase 1b/2 KEYNOTE-146 study. We present results of LEAP-011 (NCT03898180), a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, global, phase 3 study of first-line pembro + lenva vs pembro + placebo in pts with locally advanced or metastatic UC who are cisplatin-ineligible with PD-L1–positive tumors or are ineligible to receive platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods: Adults with histologically confirmed, locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic UC who were cisplatin-ineligible with tumors expressing PD-L1 (combined positive score ≥10) or were ineligible to receive platinum-based chemotherapy regardless of PD-L1 status were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive pembro 200 mg IV Q3W for up to 35 cycles (̃2 y) + either lenva 20 mg orally once daily or placebo. Primary end points were PFS per RECIST v1.1 and OS. The key secondary end point was ORR per RECIST v1.1. An independent data monitoring committee (DMC) regularly reviewed safety data every 3 months; for the 6th review, a nonbinding futility analysis to evaluate ORR (−1%) and PFS (HR ≥1.1) was performed. There was no futility bound for OS. Results: Of 441 randomly assigned pts, 218 were assigned to receive pembro + lenva (median age, 74 y [range, 43-93]; ECOG PS 2, 83.5%) and 223 (median age, 73 y [range, 47-92]; ECOG PS 2, 83.0%) were assigned to receive pembro + placebo. Median duration of treatment was 3.8 mo (range, 0.0-20.7) for pembro + lenva and 3.4 mo (range, 0.0-22.0) for pembro + placebo. Median PFS was 4.2 mo (95% CI, 3.8-5.9) in the pembro + lenva group and 4.0 mo (95% CI, 2.7-5.4) in the pembro + placebo group (HR, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.71-1.16]). Median OS was 11.2 mo (95% CI, 7.4-14.9) with pembro + lenva vs 13.8 mo (95% CI, 9.8-18.8) with pembro + placebo (HR, 1.25 [95% CI, 0.94-1.67]; 6-mo OS rate, 63.6% vs 70.7%). ORR was 31.2% with pembro + lenva vs 26.5% with pembro + placebo. In 436 treated pts, treatment-related AEs (TRAEs) occurred in 186 of 214 pts (86.9%) in the pembro + lenva group and in 149 of 222 pts (67.1%) in the pembro + placebo group. Grade 3-5 TRAEs occurred in 107 pts (50.0%) in the pembro + lenva group and in 62 pts (27.9%) in the pembro + placebo group. Death from a TRAE occurred in 6 pts (2.8%) in the pembro + lenva group and in 1 pt (0.5%) in the pembro + placebo group. Conclusions: The safety profile of pembro + lenva was consistent with that of previous studies; no new safety signals were observed. The benefit/risk ratio for pembro + lenva was not considered positive vs pembro + placebo in platinum-ineligible pts with advanced UC. Antitumor activity of pembro + placebo was similar to what has been reported in previous studies, and pembro monotherapy remains standard of care as first-line therapy in platinum-ineligible pts with advanced UC. Clinical trial information: NCT03898180.
Surface Oxidase and Oxidative Stress Propagation in Aging (2000)

This report summarizes new evidence for a plasma-membrane-associated hydroquinone oxidase designated as CNOX (constitutive plasma membrane NADH oxidase) that functions as a terminal oxidase for a plasma membrane oxidoreductase (PMOR) electron transport chain to link the accumulation of lesions in mitochondrial DNA to cell-surface accumulations of reactive oxygen species. Previous considerations of plasma membrane redox changes during aging have lacked evidence for a specific terminal oxidase to catalyze a flow of electrons from cytosolic NADH to molecular oxygen (or to protein disulfides). Cells with functionally deficient mitochondria become characterized by an anaerobic metabolism. As a result, NADH accumulates from the glycolytic production of ATP. Elevated PMOR activity has been shown to be necessary to maintain the NAD(+)/NADH homeostasis essential for survival. Our findings demonstrate that the hyperactivity of the PMOR system results in an NADH oxidase (NOX) activity capable of generating reactive oxygen species at the cell surface. This would serve to propagate the aging cascade both to adjacent cells and to circulating blood components. The generation of superoxide by NOX forms associated with aging is inhibited by coenzyme Q and provides a rational basis for the anti-aging activity of circulating coenzyme Q.