gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer functionalized n-type single wall carbon nanotube photovoltaic devices (2010)

Photovoltaic conversion was achieved from high-density p-n heterojunctions formed between polymer functionalized n-type single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and underlying p-type Si substrate. Functionalization of SWNTs by amine-rich polymers results in the evolution of tubes from p-type to n-type, and the polyethylene imine (PEI) functionalized SWNT film can serve as both photogeneration sites and a charge carrier collecting/transport layer. Photoremoval of oxygen adsorbed on the nanotubes prior to PEI functionalization can increase the conversion efficiency of the polymer functionalized n-type SWNT photovoltaic devices.
Speaker identification based on the use of robust cepstral features obtained from pole-zero transfer functions (1998)

A common problem in speaker identification systems is that a mismatch in the training and testing conditions sacrifices much performance. We attempt to alleviate this problem by proposing new features that show less variation when speech is corrupted by convolutional noise (channel) and/or additive noise. The conventional feature used is the linear predictive (LP) cepstrum that is derived from an all-pole transfer function which, in turn, achieves a good approximation to the spectral envelope of the speech. A different cepstral feature based on a pole-zero function (called the adaptive component weighted or ACW cepstrum) was previously introduced. We propose four additional new cepstral features based on pole-zero transfer functions. One is an alternative way of doing adaptive component weighting and is called the ACW2 cepstrum. Two others (known as the PFL1 cepstrum and the PFL2 cepstrum) are based on a pole-zero postfilter used in speech enhancement. Finally, an autoregressive moving-average (ARMA) analysis of speech results in a pole-zero transfer function describing the spectral envelope. The cepstrum of this transfer function is the feature. Experiments involving a closed set, text-independent and vector quantizer based speaker identification system are done to compare the various features. The TIMIT and King databases are used. The ACW and PFL1 features are the preferred features, since they do as well or better than the LP cepstrum for all the test conditions. The corresponding spectra show a clear emphasis of the formants and no spectral tilt.
Combination operation to maximize fuel oil product of low pour. [combination catalytic cracking and ZSM-S type crystalline alumino silicate catalyst upgrading] (1975)

A combination operation is described comprising catalytic cracking and ZSM-5 type crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst upgrading of light fuel oil product under selected conditions designed to particularly increase the yield of light fuel oil product of desired low pour point. (auth)
Defining regions of the Y-chromosome responsible for male infertility and identification of a fourth AZF region (AZFd) by Y-chromosome microdeletion detection (1999)

Cytogenetic and molecular deletion analyses of azoospermic and oligozoospermic males have suggested the existence of AZoospermia Factor(s) (AZF) residing in deletion intervals 5 and 6 of the human Y-chromosome and coinciding with three functional regions associated with spermatogenic failure. Nonpolymorphic microdeletions in AZF are associated with a broad spectrum of testicular phenotypes. Unfortunately, Sequence Tagged Sites (STSs) employed in screening protocols range broadly in number and mapsite and may be polymorphic. To thoroughly analyze the AZF region(s) and any correlations that may be drawn between genotype and phenotype, we describe the design of nine multiplex PCR reactions derived from analysis of 136 loci. Each multiplex contains 4-8 STS primer pairs, amplifying a total of 48 Y-linked STSs. Each multiplex consists of one positive control: either SMCX or MIC2. We screened four populations of males with these STSs. Population I consisted of 278 patients diagnosed as having significant male factor infertility: either azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia associated with hypogonadism and spermatogenic arrest or normal sperm counts associated with abnormal sperm morphology. Population II consisted of 200 unselected infertile patients. Population III consisted of 36 patients who had previously been shown to have aneuploidy, cytological deletions or translocations involving the Y-chromosome or normal karyotypes associated with severe phenotype abnormalities. Population IV consisted of 920 fertile (control) males. The deletion rates in populations I, II and III were 20.5%, 7% and 58.3%, respectively. A total of 92 patients with deletions were detected. The deletion rate in population IV was 0.87% involving 8 fertile individuals and 4 STSs which were avoided in multiplex panel construction. The ability of the nine multiplexes to detect pathology associated microdeletions is equal to or greater than screening protocols used in other studies. Furthermore, the data suggest a fourth AZF region between AZFb and AZFc, which we have termed AZFd. Patients with microdeletions restricted to AZFd may present with mild oligozoospermia or even normal sperm counts associated with abnormal sperm morphology. Though a definitive genotype/phenotype correlation does not exist, large deletions spanning multiple AZF regions or microdeletions restricted to AZFa usually result in patients with Sertoli Cell Only (SCO) or severe oligozoospermia, whereas microdeletions restricted to AZFb or AZFc can result in patients with phenotypes which range from SCO to moderate oligozoospermia. The panel of nine multiplexed reactions, the Y-deletion Detection System (YDDS), provides a fast, efficient and accurate method of assessing the integrity of the Y-chromosome. To date, this study provides the most extensive screening of a proven fertile male population in tandem with 514 infertile males, derived from three different patient selection protocols.
Modeling light propagation through bacterial colonies and its correlation with forward scattering patterns (2010)

Bacterial colonies play an important role in the isolation and identification of bacterial species, and plating on a petri dish is still regarded as the gold standard for confirming the cause of an outbreak situation. A bacterial colony consists of millions of densely packed individual bacteria along with matrices such as extracellular materials. When a laser is directed through a colony, complicated structures encode their characteristic signatures, which results in unique forward scattering patterns. We investigate the connection between the morphological parameters of a bacterial colony and corresponding forward scattering patterns to understand bacterial growth morphology. A colony elevation is modeled with a Gaussian profile, which is defined with two critical parameters: center thickness and diameter. Then, applying the scalar diffraction theory, we compute an amplitude modulation via light attenuation from multiple layers of bacteria while a phase modulation is computed from the colony profile. Computational results indicate that center thickness plays a critical role in the total number of diffraction rings while the magnitude of the slope of a colony determines the maximum diffraction angle. Experimental validation is performed by capturing the scattering patterns, monitoring colony diameters via phase contrast microscope, and acquiring the colony profiles via confocal displacement meter.
Multi-Factor Password-Authenticated Key Exchange. (2008)

We consider a new form of authenticated key exchange which we call multi-factor password-authenticated key exchange, where session establishment depends on successful authentication of multiple short secrets that are complementary in nature, such as a long-term password and a one-time response, allowing the client and server to be mutually assured of each other's identity without directly disclosing private information to the other party. Multi-factor authentication can provide an enhanced level of assurance in higher-security scenarios such as online banking, virtual private network access, and physical access because a multi-factor protocol is designed to remain secure even if all but one of the factors has been compromised. We introduce a security model for multi-factor password-authenticated key exchange protocols, propose an efficient and secure protocol called MFPAK, and provide a security argument to show that our protocol is secure in this model. Our security model is an extension of the Bellare-Pointcheval-Rogaway security model for password-authenticated key exchange and accommodates an arbitrary number of symmetric and asymmetric authentication factors.
Carbon nanotube-immobilized super-absorbent membrane for harvesting water from the atmosphere (2015)

This paper describes the development of a carbon nanotube (CNT)-immobilized membrane for harvesting pure water from air.
A Steadier Hand: The First Human Clinical Trial of a Single-Use Robotic-Assisted Surgical Device for Cochlear Implant Electrode Array Insertion (2022)

Here we report the first human trial of a single-use robotic-assisted surgical device for cochlear implant electrode array insertion. This device successfully and safely inserted lateral wall cochlear implant electrode arrays from the three device manufacturers with devices approved but he Food and Drug Administration.
Binoculars with wide-angle peripheral vision (1993)

To scan a wide visual field the human eye rotates about a point located several millimeters behind its entrance pupil. Unless the eye is relocated with reference to the eyepiece to view a particular portion of the scanning field, this limits the scanning field of view to a function of the optical system exit pupil diameter and the pupil diameter of the eye. This limitation is implicit in the design of binoculars, and results in the unnecessary reduction of peripheral vision for the static eye because the field stop is used to restrict the scanning vision to a well corrected limit. If the instrument is held firmly to the head so that the user cannot scan the peripheral portion of the field, then the peripheral field can be increased significantly at low manufacturing cost because of the eye’s low resolution for extra-fovial images. New binoculars have been designed to significantly increase the peripheral vision using this concept. They have conventional objectives and prism systems, but employ negative power after the prisms to reduce prism size, and have simplified eyepieces. Additionally a positive field lens is moveable across the intermediate image to effect a rapid-change 2:1 dual power.
Hybrid Operating Strategy and Energy Management for a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2001)

Abstract This paper describes the development of the Low Storage Requirement (LSR) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Vehicle System Controller (VSC). It defines the LSR configuration and discusses the advantages of this particular configuration. The main focus of this paper is the hybrid operating strategy for this vehicle and the details of the hybrid operating modes. This hybrid vehicle was developed as a part of the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hybrid Propulsion Systems Development Program that was conducted under a cost-shared subcontract funded equally by Ford and DOE through the Midwest Research Institute which manages and operates DOE’s National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, CO.
Injection of embryonic stem cell derived macrophages ameliorates fibrosis in a murine model of liver injury (2017)

Chronic liver injury can be caused by viral hepatitis, alcohol, obesity, and metabolic disorders resulting in fibrosis, hepatic scarring, and cirrhosis. Novel therapies are urgently required and previous work has demonstrated that treatment with bone marrow derived macrophages can improve liver regeneration and reduce fibrosis in a murine model of hepatic injury and fibrosis. Here, we describe a protocol whereby pure populations of therapeutic macrophages can be produced in vitro from murine embryonic stem cells on a large scale. Embryonic stem cell derived macrophages display comparable morphology and cell surface markers to bone marrow derived macrophages but our novel imaging technique revealed that their phagocytic index was significantly lower. Differences were also observed in their response to classical induction protocols with embryonic stem cell derived macrophages having a reduced response to lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma and an enhanced response to IL4 compared to bone marrow derived macrophages. When their therapeutic potential was assessed in a murine, carbon tetrachloride-induced injury and fibrosis model, embryonic stem cell derived macrophages significantly reduced the amount of hepatic fibrosis to 50% of controls, down-regulated the number of fibrogenic myofibroblasts and activated liver progenitor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrates a therapeutic effect of macrophages derived in vitro from pluripotent stem cells in a model of liver injury. We also found that embryonic stem cell derived macrophages repopulated the Kupffer cell compartment of clodronate-treated mice more efficiently than bone marrow derived macrophages, and expressed comparatively lower levels of <i>Myb</i> and <i>Ccr2</i>, indicating that their phenotype is more comparable to tissue-resident rather than monocyte-derived macrophages.
Method for uniformly distributing carbon flakes in a positive electrode, the electrode made thereby and compositions. [Patent application] (1981)

A positive electrode for a secondary electrochemical cell is described wherein an electrically conductive current collector is in electrical contact with a particulate mixture of gray cast iron and an alkali metal sulfide and an electrolyte including alkali metal halides or alkaline earth metal halides. Also present may be a transition metal sulfide and graphite flakes from the conversion of gray cast iron to iron sulfide. Also disclosed is a method of distributing carbon flakes in a cell wherein there is formed an electrochemical cell of a positive electrode structure of the type described and a suitable electrolyte and a second electrode containing a material capable of alloying with alkali metal ions. The cell is connected to a source of electrical potential to electrochemically convert gray cast iron to an iron sulfide and uniformly to distribute carbon flakes formerly in the gray cast iron throughout the positive electrode while forming an alkali metal alloy in the negative electrode. Also disclosed are compositions useful in preparing positive electrodes.
451 PB 294 BREEDING SAVORY PEPPER” FOR ADAPTATION IN NORTHEAST U.S (1994)

Savory Peppers™ (Sp™) is the low heat form of Capsicum chinense from northern South America where it is widely used as a condiment. We are adapting it to northeastern conditions through introgression of genes from adapted C. annum, selection within SP™, and use of improved culture methods. Introgression is progressing in spite of species isolation barriers expressed as failure of F 1 seeds to germinate, and F 1 and later generation male sterilities. Selection has been carried out on plants of two landraces, producing ten improved strains which were tested at three stations last summer: 1) west PA on sandy soil with long growing season: 2) central PA on clay loam with short growing season, and 3) eastern PA on clay loam with long growing season. Strains of both landraces yielded well in region 1), and poorly in region 2), and one landrace yielded well in region 3), while those of the other yielded poorly as a result of early wilt. Roles of soil and temperatures in producing these results will be discussed.
Photovoltaic DC Arc Fault Detector testing at Sandia National Laboratories (2011)

The 2011 National Electrical Code® (NEC®) added Article 690.11 that requires photovoltaic (PV) systems on or penetrating a building to include a listed DC arc fault protection device. To fill this new market, manufacturers are developing new Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs). Comprehensive and challenging testing has been conducted using a wide range of PV technologies, system topologies, loads and noise sources. The Distributed Energy Technologies Laboratory (DETL) at Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) has used multiple reconfigurable arrays with a variety of module technologies, inverters, and balance of system (BOS) components to characterize new Photovoltaic (PV) DC AFCIs and Arc Fault Detectors (AFDs). The device's detection capabilities, characteristics and nuisance tripping avoidance were the primary purpose of the testing. SNL and Eaton Corporation collaborated to test an Eaton AFD prototype and quantify arc noise for a wide range of PV array configurations and the system responses. The tests were conducted by generating controlled, series PV arc faults between PV modules. Arc fault detection studies were performed on systems using aged modules, positive- and negative-grounded arrays, DC/DC converters, 3-phase inverters, and on strings with branch connectors. The tests were conducted to determine if nuisance trips would occur in systems using electrically noisy inverters, with series arc faults on parallel strings, and in systems with inverters performing anti-islanding and maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms. The tests reported herein used the arc fault detection device to indicate when the trip signal was sent to the circuit interrupter. Results show significant noise is injected into the array from the inverter but AFCI functionality of the device was generally stable. The relative locations of the arc fault and detector had little influence on arc fault detection. Lastly, detection of certain frequency bands successfully differentiated normal operational noise from an arc fault signal.
A new oil/membrane approach for integrated sweat sampling and sensing: sample volumes reduced from μL's to nL's and reduction of analyte contamination from skin (2016)

Wearable sweat biosensensing technology has dominantly relied on techniques which place planar-sensors or fluid-capture materials directly onto the skin surface. This 'on-skin' approach can result in sample volumes in the μL regime, due to the roughness of skin and/or due to the presence of hair. Not only does this increase the required sampling time to 10's of minutes or more, but it also increases the time that sweat spends on skin and therefore increases the amount of analyte contamination coming from the skin surface. Reported here is a first demonstration of a new paradigm in sweat sampling and sensing, where sample volumes are reduced from the μL's to nL's regime, and where analyte contamination from skin is reduced or even eliminated. A micro-porous membrane is constructed such that it is porous to sweat only. To complete a working device, first placed onto skin is a cosmetic-grade oil, secondly this membrane, and thirdly the sensors. As a result, spreading of sweat is isolated to only regions above the sweat glands before it reaches the sensors. Best case sampling intervals are on the order of several minutes, and the majority of hydrophilic (low oil solubility) contaminants from the skin surface are blocked. In vitro validation of this new approach is performed with an improved artificial skin including human hair. In vivo tests show strikingly consistent results, and reveal that the oil/membrane is robust enough to even allow horizontal sliding of a sensor.
MEK1 mutations confer resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibition (2009)

Genetic alterations that activate the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP kinase) pathway occur commonly in cancer. For example, the majority of melanomas harbor mutations in the BRAF oncogene, which are predicted to confer enhanced sensitivity to pharmacologic MAP kinase inhibition (e.g., RAF or MEK inhibitors). We investigated the clinical relevance of MEK dependency in melanoma by massively parallel sequencing of resistant clones generated from a MEK1 random mutagenesis screen in vitro, as well as tumors obtained from relapsed patients following treatment with AZD6244, an allosteric MEK inhibitor. Most mutations conferring resistance to MEK inhibition in vitro populated the allosteric drug binding pocket or alpha-helix C and showed robust ( approximately 100-fold) resistance to allosteric MEK inhibition. Other mutations affected MEK1 codons located within or abutting the N-terminal negative regulatory helix (helix A), which also undergo gain-of-function germline mutations in cardio-facio-cutaneous (CFC) syndrome. One such mutation, MEK1(P124L), was identified in a resistant metastatic focus that emerged in a melanoma patient treated with AZD6244. Both MEK1(P124L) and MEK1(Q56P), which disrupts helix A, conferred cross-resistance to PLX4720, a selective B-RAF inhibitor. However, exposing BRAF-mutant melanoma cells to AZD6244 and PLX4720 in combination prevented emergence of resistant clones. These results affirm the importance of MEK dependency in BRAF-mutant melanoma and suggest novel mechanisms of resistance to MEK and B-RAF inhibitors that may have important clinical implications.
Surface acoustic wave properties on rotated Y-cut langasite single crystal substrates (2002)

The langasite substrate has been expected to have a large electromechanical coupling factor and an excellent temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) in surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties. A large size langasite single crystal was grown by the Czochralski method. A leaky SAW (LSAW) and a leaky pseudo SAW (LPSAW) of the various rotated Y cut langasite substrates were measured by an ultrasonic microscope. Of them, their measured results on Euler angle (0/spl deg/,150/spl deg/,0/spl sim/180/spl deg/) and (0/spl deg/,10/spl sim/170/spl deg/,0/spl deg/) of the substrates were compared with the theoretical values calculated by five kinds of material constants. They were similar to calculated values using Ilyaev's material constants. Variations of LPSAW velocities on Z-cut plates having defects called core, were also measured and evaluated by the ultrasonic microscope. The substrates showed large variations of LPSAW velocities. The TCFs of the Rayleigh SAW were measured by measuring the center frequency of a transversal filter taking account of AI-IDT thickness. It was clarified that (0/spl deg/,142/spl sim/143/spl deg/,24/spl sim/25/spl deg/) substrates showed excellent TCF's at normalized AI-IDT thickness 0.0125.
A 0.18 μm 4 Mbit toggling MRAM (2004)

A 4 Mbit Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (MRAM) with a new magnetic switching mode is described. The memory cell is based on a 1-Transistor 1-Magnetic Tunnel Junction (1T1MTJ) bit cell. The 4 Mbit MRAM circuit was designed in a five level metal, 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process with a bit cell size of 1.55 /spl mu/m/sup 2/. A new cell architecture, bit structure, and switching mode improve the operational performance of the MRAM as compared to conventional MRAM. The 4 Mbit circuit is the largest MRAM memory demonstration to date.