gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic inference of likely data preconditions over predicates by tree learning (2008)

We present a technique to infer likely data preconditions forprocedures written in an imperative programming language. Given a procedure and a set of predicates over its inputs, our technique enumerates different truth assignments to the predicates, deriving test cases from each feasible truth assignment. The predicates themselves are derived automatically using simple heuristics. The enumeration of truth assignments is performed using a propositional SAT solver along with a theory satisfiability checker capable of generating unsatisfiable cores.
Bio-Barcodes Based on Oligonucleotide-Modified Nanoparticles (2002)

By utilizing oligonucleotide-modified Au nanoparticles encoded with sequences that act as biobarcodes, one can screen for multiple target polyvalent proteins simultaneously in one solution. This novel concept was demonstrated with two types of detection formats, a homogeneous assay and one based on oligonucleotide microarrays. With such an approach, one can prepare an extraordinarily large number of barcodes from synthetically accessible oligonucleotides (e.g., a 12-mer sequence offers 4(12) possible barcodes).
Ultrarapid Engineering of Biomimetic Materials and Tissues: Fabrication of Nano‐ and Microstructures by Plastic Compression (2005)

Abstract Currently, the concept of engineered tissues depends on the ability of cultured cells to fabricate new tissue around a scaffold. This is inherently slow and expensive and has had limited success so far. We report here a new process for the cell‐independent, controlled engineering of biomimetic scaffolds by rapid removal of fluid from hyperhydrated collagen gel (or other) constructs, using plastic compression (PC). PC fabrication produces dense, cellular, mechanically strong native collagen structures with controllable nano‐ and microscale biomimetic structures. The huge‐scale shrinkage (> 100‐fold) provides the ability to introduce controllable mechanical properties, microlayering, and embossed interface topography without cell participation, but with high cell viability. Critically, this takes minutes rather than the conventional days and weeks. The rapidity and biomimetic potential of the PC fabrication process at the mesoscale opens a new route for the production of biomaterials and patient‐customized tissues. It also represents a new concept in ‘engineering’ tissues.
(Invited) Multimodal Enzymatic Sensing for Continuous Wound Monitoring (2018)

Present wound care techniques are primarily visual and entail repeated visits to the clinics. A biosensing system that can provide direct longitudinal measures of lesion healing and tissue recovery can assist to bridge the time between occurrence of a wound and its effective management. The correlation of purine precursors with wounds is well established. Products of the purine metabolic pathway, xanthine and uric acid, are known to have high correlation with wound chronicity and healing. With increased breakdown of cells, the concentrations of these analytes reportedly increase with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) to promote healing. This work explores the biochemical pathway of purine metabolism and provides a method for continuous monitoring of healing on a multimodal sensing platform. This system employs the enzymes xanthine oxidase and uricase, known to be stable at an alkaline pH, for specific detection of the respective analytes. pH of a wound changes from alkaline to acidic as a wound heals, shifting the potential of detection. This has been addressed by the integration of a pH sensor on the same platform, enabling real-time calibration and providing a thorough assessment of underlying tissue recovery.
Comparative Study on the Growth of Silver Nanoplates on GaAs Substrates by Electron Microscopy, Synchrotron X-ray Diffraction, and Optical Spectroscopy (2008)

We have recently developed a simple and efficient approach involving the galvanic reaction between a pure aqueous solution of AgNO3 and GaAs wafers to directly grow high-quality Ag nanoplates with chemical clean surfaces on the GaAs wafers [Chem. Mater. 2007, 19, 5845; Small 2007, 3, 1964]. The capability to finely control the dimensions (i.e., size and thickness) of the Ag nanoplates and the time-dependent characterizations have not been explored yet. In this article, time-dependent evolutions of the Ag nanostructures grown on highly doped n-type GaAs wafers through the reactions with AgNO3 solutions, which have concentrations varying in the range of 1−10 M, for different times have been systematically investigated by employing various powerful techniques including electron microscopy, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and optical microscopy. The results indicate that the sizes of Ag nanoplates can be tuned in the range from tens of nanometers to half a micrometer and their thicknesses can be varied from ∼20 to ∼160 nm by simultaneously controlling the concentration of AgNO3 solution and the growth time. The as-grown Ag nanoplates exhibit tunable strong extinction peaks in the ultraviolet−visible−near-infrared spectral regimes, where the GaAs substrates intensively interact with the light.
Measuring the capacity of a streaming media server in a Utility Data Center environment (2002)

Abstract In order to design a "utility-aware" streaming media service which automatically requests the necessary resources from Utility Data Center infrastructure, several classic performance questions should be answered: how to measure the basic capacity of a streaming media server? what is the set of basic benchmarks exposing the performance limits and main bottlenecks of a media server? In this paper, we propose a set of benchmarks for measuring the basic capacities of streaming media systems for different expected workloads, and demonstrate the results using an experimental testbed.
Coatings for the next-generation micro mechanical mirrors (2004)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text A. Gatto, M. Yang, N. Kaiser, J. Heber, J. U. Schmidt, T. Sandner, H. Schenk, and H. Lakner, "Coatings for the next-generation micro mechanical mirrors," in Optical Interference Coatings, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper TuF8. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Effect of the number of apolipoprotein(a) kringle 4 domains on immunochemical measurements of lipoprotein(a) (1995)

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been measured in numerous clinical and epidemiological studies by a variety of immunochemical methods. However, little, if any, consideration has been given to the confounding effect of the size heterogeneity of apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] on the measurement of Lp(a). We developed three direct-binding enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with detecting antibodies of different specificities to evaluate the effect of apo(a) size on Lp(a) measurement. The three assays used the same monoclonal antibody to capture the apo(a)-containing particles and were calibrated (in nanomoles per liter) with a serum containing apo(a) with 21 kringle 4 domains. Using all three ELISAs, we measured Lp(a) in a group of 723 subjects selected to have a single apo(a) band, as determined by a high-resolution phenotyping system. Essentially identical results were obtained by the two methods that measured Lp(a) by use of either a polyclonal antibody against apo B or a monoclonal antibody against apo(a) that does not recognize the kringle 4 type 2 repeats. In contrast, the ELISA using a monoclonal antibody specific for apo(a) kringle 4 type 2 repeats overestimated Lp(a) concentration in samples containing apo(a) with more than 21 kringle 4 domains and underestimated Lp(a) samples containing apo(a) with fewer than 21 kringle 4 domains. Thus, these differences in Lp(a) values varied as a function of apo(a) size. We conclude that antibody specificity and apo(a) size heterogeneity can significantly affect Lp(a) measurements.
Video tooning (2004)

We describe a system for transforming an input video into a highly abstracted, spatio-temporally coherent cartoon animation with a range of styles. To achieve this, we treat video as a space-time volume of image data. We have developed an anisotropic kernel mean shift technique to segment the video data into contiguous volumes. These provide a simple cartoon style in themselves, but more importantly provide the capability to semi-automatically rotoscope semantically meaningful regions.In our system, the user simply outlines objects on keyframes. A mean shift guided interpolation algorithm is then employed to create three dimensional semantic regions by interpolation between the keyframes, while maintaining smooth trajectories along the time dimension. These regions provide the basis for creating smooth two dimensional edge sheets and stroke sheets embedded within the spatio-temporal video volume. The regions, edge sheets, and stroke sheets are rendered by slicing them at particular times. A variety of styles of rendering are shown. The temporal coherence provided by the smoothed semantic regions and sheets results in a temporally consistent non-photorealistic appearance.
The Artificial Synapse Chip: A Flexible Retinal Interface Based on Directed Retinal Cell Growth and Neurotransmitter Stimulation (2003)

The Artificial Synapse Chip is an evolving design for a flexible retinal interface that aims to improve visual resolution of an electronic retinal prosthesis by addressing cells individually and mimicking the physiological stimulation achieved in synaptic transmission. We describe three novel approaches employed in the development of the Artificial Synapse Chip: (i) micropatterned substrates to direct retinal cell neurite growth to individual stimulation sites; (ii) a prototype retinal interface based on localized neurotransmitter delivery; and (iii) the use of soft materials to fabricate these devices. By patterning the growth of cells to individual stimulation sites, we can improve the selectivity of stimulation and decrease the associated power requirements. Moreover, we have microfabricated a neurotransmitter delivery system based on a 5- micro m aperture in a 500-nm-thick silicon nitride membrane overlying a microfluidic channel. This device can release neurotransmitter volumes as small as 2 pL, demonstrating the possibility of chemical-based prostheses. Finally, we have fabricated and implanted an equivalent device using soft flexible materials that conform to the retinal tissue more effectively. As many of the current retinal prosthesis devices use hard materials and electrical excitation at a lower resolution, our approach may provide more physiologic retinal stimulation.
Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Occurs through Symmetric Cell Division (2005)

Embryonic (ES) stem cells can be expanded indefinitely, yet retain the ability to form all cell types of the body. Here we report that human ES cells differentiate exclusively by symmetric cell division in each of four distinct differentiation conditions examined. This suggests that, in some respects, ES cells more closely resemble precursor or transit amplifying cells rather than adult stem cells.
Nanobody-Based Targeting of the Macrophage Mannose Receptor for Effective <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2012)

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are an important component of the tumor stroma and exert several tumor-promoting activities. Strongly pro-angiogenic TAMs that reside in hypoxic tumor areas highly express macrophage mannose receptor (MMR, CD206). In this study, we targeted MMR+ TAMs using nanobodies, which are single-domain antigen-binding fragments derived from Camelidae heavy-chain antibodies. MMR-specific nanobodies stained TAMs in lung and breast tumor single-cell suspensions in vitro, and intravenous injection of 99mTc-labeled anti-MMR nanobodies successfully targeted tumor in vivo. Retention of the nanobody was receptor-specific and absent in MMR-deficient mice. Importantly, co-injection of excess unlabeled, bivalent anti-MMR nanobodies reduced nanobody accumulation in extratumoral organs to background levels, without compromising tumor uptake. Within tumors, the 99mTc-labeled nanobodies specifically labeled MMR+ TAMs, as CCR2-deficient mice that contain fewer TAMs showed significantly reduced tumor uptake. Further, anti-MMR nanobodies accumulated in hypoxic regions, thus targeting pro-angiogenic MMR+ TAMs. Taken together, our findings provide preclinical proof of concept that anti-MMR nanobodies can be used to selectively target and image TAM subpopulations in vivo.
Tackling Single Crystal Growth Challenges for Mixed-Elpasolite Scintillators (2016)

The rising demand for efficient radiation detectors in various applications has led to intense research on single crystal scintillators. The scintillation performance strongly depends on the as-grown crystal quality. Mixed-anion elpasolite single crystals with Ce-doping such as Cs2NaREBr3I3 (RE = La, Y) are among the most promising candidates as next generation scintillators. However, there are multiple challenges to traditional single crystal synthesis using melt–freeze growth techniques due to the complicated composition, as well as impurities, and varying thermal behavior of the starting materials. To improve the as-grown single crystal quality and optimize their scintillation properties, a series of investigations on material treatment and synthesis, ampule design, and crystal growth parameters were conducted. Effective purification of the carbon- and oxygen-based impurities improved the optical transmittance of the crystal. Differential scanning calorimetry and thermal gravimetric analysis results revealed the thermal instability of the compounds upon heating above the melting temperature. Multiple cycles of heating–soaking–cooling synthesis were applied, which significantly increased the completeness of chemical reactions. Improvements of the scintillation light yield and energy resolution of Ce-doped Cs2NaLaBr3I3 and Cs2NaYBr3I3 were achieved. Our results led to a better understanding of the crystal growth of mixed-anion elpasolites, as well as the optimization of techniques to engineer metal halide crystals in the future.
Breaking the current density threshold in spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory (2018)

Spin-orbit-torque magnetic random access memory (SOT-MRAM) is a promising technology for the next generation of data storage devices. The main bottleneck of this technology is the high reversal current density threshold. This outstanding problem is now solved by a new strategy in which the magnitude of the driven current density is fixed while the current direction varies with time. The theoretical limit of minimal reversal current density is only a fraction (the Gilbert damping coefficient) of the threshold current density of the conventional strategy. The Euler-Lagrange equation for the fastest magnetization reversal path and the optimal current pulse is derived for an arbitrary magnetic cell and arbitrary spin-orbit torque. The theoretical limit of minimal reversal current density and current density for a GHz switching rate of the new reversal strategy for CoFeB/Ta SOT-MRAMs are, respectively, of the order of ${10}^{5}$ ${\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${10}^{6}$ ${\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ far below ${10}^{7}$ ${\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ and ${10}^{8}$ ${\mathrm{A}/\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ in the conventional strategy. Furthermore, no external magnetic field is needed for a deterministic reversal in the new strategy.
X-cube: an eight-port beamsplitting device (2000)

We introduce a new integrated solid-optics component, a X- cube, which can perform lossless beam-splitting and filtering functionality among four input beams. The X-cube can also be used for various wavelength-division multiplexing-based communication and interconnection applications, such as star-coupling, wavelength routing, and add/drop multiplexing. Our demonstrated fiber-interfaces X- cube opto-mechanical packaging shows an insertion loss of 2.1 dB, a uniformity ratio of 1.036 with a uniformity variance of 0.279.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
EXOS: Expansion on session for enhancing effectiveness of query auto-completion (2015)

Query auto-completion (QAC) is an important feature of a search system that helps users reach their target queries faster. Personalization is a powerful technique that improves the relevance of QAC to the current query. This paper proposes a novel framework, EXOS, to augment the native query by important tokens in the user's search contexts to provide personalized auto-completions dynamically. EXOS is composed of three major steps: expansion, selection and boosting. Each token from the user's search contexts is evaluated and stored by EXOS. The tokens with the highest importance are chosen by the expansion step to augment the native query from the user. These augmented queries are used to retrieve QAC results. The selection and boosting models then extract qualified results, merge and re-rank these results based on their query importance to provide the user with a personalized QAC. We designed two large-scale experiments with over six million queries to evaluate the effectiveness of EXOS. Compared with an advanced MostPopularCompletion system, EXOS has 126% gain on Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR) and 270% gain on Success Rate at Top-1 in a prefix-based experiment. EXOS shows 10.5% gain on first-token MRR and about 9% gain on Token Saved Rate in a token-based experiment. The results of our experiments show that EXOS significantly enhances the relevance of QAC by predicting the user's target query with using fewer keystrokes.
Nonlinear Broadening of an Electro-Optic Pulse Source on Thin-Film Lithium Niobate (2022)

We demonstrate on-chip broadening of an integrated electro-optic-modulator-based femtosecond pulse source on thin-film lithium niobate. A frequency comb spanning 3/5 octave is generated using 14 mW average on-chip power and 0.5 pJ pulse energy.
Design of a Modular E-Core Flux Concentrating Axial Flux Machine: Preprint (2015)

In this paper a novel E-Core axial flux machine is proposed. The machine has a double-stator, single-rotor configuration with flux-concentrating ferrite magnets and pole windings across each leg of an E-Core stator. E-Core stators with the proposed flux-concentrating rotor arrangement result in better magnet utilization and higher torque density. The machine also has a modular structure facilitating simpler construction. This paper presents a single-phase and a three-phase version of the E-Core machine. Case studies for a 1.1-kW, 400-rpm machine for both the single-phase and three-phase axial flux machines are presented. The results are verified through 3D finite element analysis. facilitating simpler construction. This paper presents a single-phase and a three-phase version of the E-Core machine. Case studies for a 1.1-kW, 400-rpm machine for both the single-phase and three-phase axial flux machines are presented. The results are verified through 3D finite element analysis.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Hard Carbon Negative Electrodes for Sodium Secondary Batteries Using the Na[FSA]&ndash;[C<sub>3</sub>C<sub>1</sub>pyrr][FSA] Ionic Liquid Electrolyte (2017)

Two kinds of hard carbon (HC) were investigated as negative electrodes for sodium secondary batteries using Na[FSA]–[C3C1pyrr][FSA] as an ionic liquid electrolyte at 363 K. The structural properties of HCs were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The interlayer distance between graphene sheets and the pore size were different for these HCs. Potential slope and plateau regions were observed in charge–discharge curves, which is typical for HC negative electrodes. More detailed examinations revealed that the HC with a larger interlayer distance showed higher capacity in the slope region, while that with a larger pore size exhibited a higher capacity in the plateau region. Finally, the rate capabilities and cycling properties of HC negative electrodes were evaluated.
ICE: an automated statistical approach to identifying endmembers in hyperspectral images (2004)

Several of the more important endmember-finding algorithms for hyperspectral data are discussed and their shortcomings highlighted. A new algorithm, ICE, which attempts to overcome these shortcomings is introduced. An example of is use is given.
An optimizing control for district heating and cooling plant (2003)

We present an optimizing control method for electric district heating and cooling (DHC) plants. The purpose of the method is to minimize the operating cost of the plants. The optimization models are constructed by input-output properties of the components into mixed 0-1 linear programming problem. The advanced feature of the method is to be able to handle: 1) double-bundle heat pumps, 2) thermal storage tanks, and 3) peak-cut strategy. The numerical example shows that the optimization result based on the method gives appropriate schedule for DHC plant operation.
Digital speech coder having improved sub-sample resolution long-term predictor (1995)

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Q-learning with Language Model for Edit-based Unsupervised Summarization (2020)

Unsupervised methods are promising for abstractive textsummarization in that the parallel corpora is not required. However, their performance is still far from being satisfied, therefore research on promising solutions is on-going. In this paper, we propose a new approach based on Q-learning with an edit-based summarization. The method combines two key modules to form an Editorial Agent and Language Model converter (EALM). The agent predicts edit actions (e.t., delete, keep, and replace), and then the LM converter deterministically generates a summary on the basis of the action signals. Qlearning is leveraged to train the agent to produce proper edit actions. Experimental results show that EALM delivered competitive performance compared with the previous encoderdecoder-based methods, even with truly zero paired data (i.e., no validation set). Defining the task as Q-learning enables us not only to develop a competitive method but also to make the latest techniques in reinforcement learning available for unsupervised summarization. We also conduct qualitative analysis, providing insights into future study on unsupervised summarizers. 1