gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Profile Irregularities of Turned Surfaces as a Result of Machine Tool Interactions (2011)

The paper describes the influence of the machining operation on a surface, which disturbs the projection of the tool profile in the form of its relative movements with respect to the object. The elements of the machine tool undergo constant wear during the machining process, it is therefore important to recognize the effects of their influence on the surface's irregularities. Amplitude-frequency analysis of lateral profiles has been used to evaluate and changes of turned lateral profiles. The results of simulation of radial and axial effects of the machine tool on surface and their spectral components were analyzed. Surfaces obtained in similar machining conditions on lathes operated in various time periods were analyzed spectrally. From the analysis of surface irregularity changes caused by disturbances in movements of the tool against the object, testifying the wear of main machine elements during its operation, the modulated, amplitude-frequency character of changes in surface irregularities of workpiece can be noticed.
Aqueous alkaline liquefaction of southeastern lignite: applications to solution mining, recovery of chemical feedstocks and chemical comminution (1982)

The use of aqueous alkaline solutions as the agent for digestion of southeastern US lignite at elevated temperature was examined for applications to solution mining of lignite, recovery of chemical feedstocks from lignite, and de-ashing and desulphurisation of lignite. The effects of digestion temperature and time, alkali type and amount, oxygenation and initial particle size were studied. Typical reagent requirements for maximum digestion were approximately 300 lb of alkali and less than 2 lb of 34% HCl per ton of lignite processed. Ash and sulphur contents of products were generally less than those of the original lignite. Significant chemical comminution of large lignite lumps was achieved using NaOH solutions containing as little as 0.5 wt% NaOH. Lignite digestion yields were compared with those of Illinois No.6 coal under the same conditions.
Compressive seismic imaging designed for massively parallel co-processors (2016)

We present a compressive least-squares seismic imaging algorithm that reduces the usage of computer memory and the amount of data communications, and should therefore facilitate the use of parallel co-processors in a high-performance-computing environment. The method naturally lends itself to FWI applications.
Crucial Role of Conserved Lysine 277 in the Fidelity of tRNA Aminoacylation by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Valyl-tRNA Synthetase (2002)

Valyl-tRNA synthetase (ValRS) from Escherichia coli undergoes covalent valylation by a donor valyl adenylate synthesized by the enzyme itself. ValRS could also be modified, although to a lesser extent, by the noncognate isosteric substrate L-threonine from a donor threonyl adenylate synthesized by the synthetase itself, or by the nonsubstrate methionine from methionyl adenylate produced by catalytic amounts of methionyl-tRNA synthetase. MALDI mass spectrometry analysis designated lysines 154, 162, 170, 533, 554, 593, 894, 930, and 940 of ValRS as the target residues for the attachment of valine. Following autothreonylation, lysines 162, 170, 178, 277, 291, 554, 580, 593, 861, 894, and 930 were found to be modified. Finally, L-Met-labeled residues were lysines 118, 162, 170, 178, 277, and 938. Alignment of the available ValRS amino acid sequences showed that lysines 277 and 554 are strictly conserved (with the exception concerning replacement of Lys-277 with a methionine or a tyrosine in archaebacteria), suggesting that these residues might be functionally significant. Indeed, lysine 554 of ValRS is the first lysine of the Lys-Met-Ser-Lys-Ser signature of the catalytic site of class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Lys-277 which is labeled by L-threonine or L-methionine, and not by L-valine, is located at or near the editing site, in the three-dimensional structure of ValRS. The role of lysine 277 was evaluated by site-directed mutagenesis. The Lys277Ala mutant (K277A) exhibited a posttransfer Thr-tRNA(Val) editing rate that was significantly lower than that observed for the wild-type enzyme. In addition, the K277A substitution altered amino acid discrimination in the editing site, resulting in hydrolysis of the correctly charged cognate Val-tRNA(Val). Finally, significant amounts of mischarged Thr-tRNA(Val) were produced by the K277A mutant, and not by wild-type ValRS. Altogether, our results designate Lys-277 as a likely candidate for nucleophilic attack of misacylated tRNA in the editing site of ValRS.
Evaluation of the Effect of Prehospital Application of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy in Acute Respiratory Distress (2010)

The use of the CPAP in the prehospital setting is beneficial for patients in acute respiratory distress.
Hepatic arterial embolization in cases of extensive celiac arterial stenosis. (1991)

Transarterial hepatic embolization was attempted in 10 and succeeded in nine patients with hepatocellular carcinoma accompanied by extensive celiac arterial stenosis. All catheterization was done through the femoral artery. In six cases, the tip of the catheter (2.5-F ball-tip microcatheter in three cases, 4-F ball-tip supple catheter in three cases) was placed in the proper hepatic artery through the pancreaticoduodenal collaterals. In three cases, a ball-tip microcatheter was injected from the guiding catheter, which was placed in a pinhole of the celiac trunk. These techniques involving flow-guided ball-tip catheters are of great value for hepatic arterial catheterization in cases of extensive celiac arterial stenosis.
The Effect of Dementia on Acute Care in a Geriatric Medical Unit (1992)

Treatment of dementia costs billions of dollars in long-term care and community services every year. Dementia also burdens the acute care system and may contribute to financial problems for hospitals serving large numbers of demented elderly. In a specialized geriatric medical unit devoted to acute care of the frail elderly, Alzheimer's disease and vascular and mixed dementias afflicted 63% of inpatients and were associated with excess consumption of nursing resources, complications of treatment, nosocomial infections, lengthy hospitalizations, and financial losses to the hospital. Due in part to the effects of dementia on mobility, continence, and nutrition, demented patients suffered more frequently from life-threatening infections, sepsis, iatrogenic disease, and prolonged hospital stays. Hospital losses were 75% higher for demented patients than for nondemented patients. Dementia affected the majority of acute care patients in this study. However, it was rarely coded as an admitting diagnosis, even though it may have been the proximate cause of the medical morbidity which led to the acute hospitalization. In addition, despite the significant impact of dementia on the hospital course and costs, it was a factor in hospital reimbursement in less than one third of cases. The results indicate that dementia was not considered to be an acute diagnosis, nor was it recognized as a complex medical illness. The impact of dementia on acute hospitalization, including the mechanisms by which dementia prolongs the hospital stay, requires further investigation.
Web-based image retrieval: a hybrid approach (2002)

In recent years, image retrieval has received tremendous attention and some progress has been made. However, most existing work on image retrieval focuses on specific issues and techniques local to image computing or access. Little work has been done to combine various aspects into a single framework. We describe our approach of developing a general-purpose image retrieval system over the Web. A main feature of our system is its hybrid approach by integrating both semantic and visual feature retrieval methods. By combining keyword-based query selection with content-based retrieval techniques, the system is able to provide effective image searching and retrieval. The results are further improved through a relevance feedback process. A research prototype system has been constructed on the Web environment, and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the new approach.
20 Gbit/s time-division multiplexer IC in silicon bipolar technology (1990)

A high-speed 2:1 time-division multiplexer (MUX) IC has been realised in an advanced self-aligned silicon bipolar technology using 0.8 μm lithography. The circuit can be operated up to 20 Gbit/s at 5 V supply voltage. This is by far the highest bit rate reported for a MUX in any IC technology.
Automatic feedback-directed object inlining in the java hotspot™ virtual machine (2007)

Object inlining is an optimization that embeds certain referenced objects into their referencing object. It reduces the costs of field accesses by eliminating unnecessary field loads. The order of objects in the heap is changed in such a way that objects that are accessed together are placed next to each other in memory so that their offset is fixed, i.e. the objects are colocated. This allows field loads to be replaced by address arithmetic. We implemented this optimization for Sun Microsystems' Java HotSpot™ VM. The analysis is performed automatically at run time, requires no actions on the part of the programmer and supports dynamic class loading.
A Study on Strategic Provisioning of Cloud Computing Services (2014)

Cloud computing is currently emerging as an ever-changing, growing paradigm that models "everything-as-a-service." Virtualised physical resources, infrastructure, and applications are supplied by service provisioning in the cloud. The evolution in the adoption of cloud computing is driven by clear and distinct promising features for both cloud users and cloud providers. However, the increasing number of cloud providers and the variety of service offerings have made it difficult for the customers to choose the best services. By employing successful service provisioning, the essential services required by customers, such as agility and availability, pricing, security and trust, and user metrics can be guaranteed by service provisioning. Hence, continuous service provisioning that satisfies the user requirements is a mandatory feature for the cloud user and vitally important in cloud computing service offerings. Therefore, we aim to review the state-of-the-art service provisioning objectives, essential services, topologies, user requirements, necessary metrics, and pricing mechanisms. We synthesize and summarize different provision techniques, approaches, and models through a comprehensive literature review. A thematic taxonomy of cloud service provisioning is presented after the systematic review. Finally, future research directions and open research issues are identified.
Dispersion characteristics of unsymmetrical broadside-coupled striplines with anisotropic substrate (1986)

Dispersion characteristics of the unsymmetrical broadside-coupled striplines of unequal width are presented for the first time. The frequency-dependent hybrid-mode solutions converge to the quasistatic values at lower frequencies for various structural parameters of the broadside-coupled suspended striplines (BCSSs) and broadside-coupled inverted striplines (BCISs) with the anisotropic substrates.
Antigenic Drift and Efficacy of Influenza Virus Vaccines, 1976-1977 (1978)

A unique opportunity occurred in February 1977 to assess the efficacy of an influenza virus vaccine given to military personnel in doses of 400 chick cell-agglutinating (CCA) units of A/Victoria/3/75, 400 CCA units of A/New Jersey/76, and 500 CCA units of B/Hong Kong/72 viruses. After cessation of all influenza virus vaccine administration in mid-December 1976, approximately 200 unvaccinated U.S. Air Force personnel arrived per week beginning February 1, 1977, at Lowry Air Force Base, Denver, Colorado. Arriving unvaccinated personnel were assigned to one of 12 units with previously vaccinated personnel. A sharp outbreak of influenza A occurred on the base during February that was due to an A/Texas/1/77-like virus, a variant of the A/Victoria/3/75 prototpye. Fifty-four cases of influenza A were documented in the student population on the base. During the two-week peak of the outbreak, attack rates were 10-fold higher in unvaccinated than in vaccinated students, and the overall estimate of vaccine efficacy was 80%. Thus, despite animal tests suggesting considerable antigenic drift, a vaccine containing influenza A/Victoria/3/75 virus provided good protection against the variant strain.
Increasing linseed supply in dairy cow diets based on hay or corn silage: Effect on enteric methane emission, rumen microbial fermentation, and digestion (2016)

We investigated the effects of increasing extruded linseed supply in diets based on hay (H; experiment 1) or corn silage (CS; experiment 2) on enteric methane (CH4) emission, rumen microbial and fermentation parameters, and rumen and total-tract digestibility. In each experiment, 4 lactating Holstein cows fitted with cannulas at the rumen and proximal duodenum were used in a 4×4 Latin square design (28-d periods). Cows were fed ad libitum a diet [50:50 and 60:40 forage:concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis for experiments 1 and 2, respectively] without supplementation (H0, CS0) or supplemented with extruded linseed at 5% (H5, CS5), 10% (H10, CS10), and 15% (H15, CS15) of dietary DM (i.e., 1.8, 3.6 and 5.4% total fatty acids added, respectively). All measurements were carried out during the last 8 d of each period. Linseed supply linearly decreased daily CH4 emission in cows fed H diets (from 486 to 289g/d for H0 to H15, on average) and CS diets (from 354 to 207g/d for CS0 to CS15, on average). The average decrease in CH4 per kilogram of DM intake was, respectively, -7, -15, and -38% for H5, H10, H15 compared with the H0 diet, and -4, -8, and -34% for CS5, CS10, and CS15 compared with the CS0 diet. The same dose-response effect was observed on CH4 emission in percent of gross energy intake, per kilogram of nutrient digested, and per kilogram of 4% fat- and 3.3% protein-corrected milk (FPCM) in both experiments. Changes in the composition of rumen volatile fatty acids in response to increasing linseed supply resulted in a moderate or marked linear decrease in acetate:propionate ratio for H or CS diets, respectively. The depressive effect of linseed on total protozoa concentration was linear for H diets (-15 to -40%, on average, for H5 to H15 compared with H0) and quadratic for CS diets (-17 to -83%, on average, for CS5 to CS15 compared with CS0). Concentration of methanogens was similar among H or CS diets. The energetic benefits from the decreased CH4 emission with linseed supply in diets based on hay or corn silage did not improve digestibility or milk yield. Milk efficiency (kg of FPCM/kg of DM intake) was improved with linseed supply up to H10 in H diets and was unchanged in CS diets. Lower CH4 enteric emission from dairy cows fed linseed helps limit the environmental footprint of ruminant livestock.
Electrochemical and Thermal Properties of α-NaFeO<sub>2</sub>Cathode for Na-Ion Batteries (2013)

-NaFeO 2 is promising as minor-metal free cathode materials for low cost sodium-ion batteries.It has a flat voltage plateau at 3.3 V vs. Na metal and a stable reversible capacity of 85 mAh g -1 .Fe 3+ /Fe 4+ redox reaction on charge/discharge cycle was confirmed by 57 Fe Mssbauer spectrometer.The thermal stability of NaFeO 2 cathodes with/without 1 mol dm -3 NaClO 4 /EC-DMC electrolyte was investigated by DSC measurements.The fully-charged Na 0.58 FeO 2 powder decomposed thermally at a temperature higher than 300 C, with Fe 2 O 3 as a possible product.On the other hand, the mixture of Na 0.58 FeO 2 powder and electrolyte showed exothermic heat in a temperature range of 220-300 C.However, NaFeO 2 showed better thermal stability in the electrolyte than LiCoO 2 counterparts in Li ion battery systems, including less heat generation and higher exothermic onset temperature.This indicated that the Na-ion batteries might have comparable thermal stability with Li-ion batteries.
A review of troponin assay performance in Wales: can the same (method-dependent) decision limits be used in different sites? (2005)

An audit of troponin measurement protocols in use in Wales showed significant variations in practice with no consensus on analytical methods, or in the selection of a decision limit for the diagnosis of myocardial damage. Peer review data on assay imprecision at concentrations approaching the analytical limit of detection are lacking. The objective of the study was to establish clinically relevant precision profiles for the troponin methods used throughout Wales, which could be used to develop a standardized approach to the selection of a decision limit. A series of five pools of human serum spiked with troponin I-T complex were prepared and stored at -70 degrees C until dispatch. Five sets of each pool were dispatched to all Welsh laboratories and stored at -20 degrees C until analysis. The analysis protocol consisted of two replicates of each pool per batch, and two batches per day for five days (n=20). All the laboratories performed all the measurements in the same week. The lowest concentration providing a 10% coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.02 microg/L for the Roche method and 0.11 microg/L for the Beckman AccuTnI. The lowest concentrations that could be distinguishable from the 99th percentile reference limit were 0.02 microg/L for the Roche method and 0.07 microg/L for the Beckman AccuTnI. Current methods do not achieve the 10% CV at the 99th percentile reference limit proposed by the European Society of Cardiology. Use of the lowest concentration that can be reliably distinguished from the 99th percentile reference limit offers a novel alternative decision limit, which provides a slightly lower concentration than at the 10% CV but maintaining confidence in the assay that false-positive rates will be minimized.
Prostate Cancer: Local Staging at 3-T Endorectal MR Imaging—Early Experience (2006)

In this study, high accuracy for staging of prostate cancer at 3-T endorectal MR imaging, with moderate to substantial observer agreement, was demonstrated. In addition, minimal capsular invasion could be detected.
From object-oriented to goal-oriented requirements analysis (1999)

The first object-oriented analysis techniques were proposed more than 10 years ago. The Object-Oriented Systems Analysis (OOSA) technique This was soon followed by two new proposals, Object-Oriented Analysis [3] and the Object-Oriented Modeling Technique (OMT) Today, there are dozens of like-minded techniques and commercial tools founded on the OO way of thinking that support development from requirements analysis to implementation. Indeed, the great promise of OOA is that the whole software development process can be streamlined and simplified by having the same building blocks (objects, classes, methods, messages, inheritance and the like) used in all phases of development, from requirements to implementation. A recent proposal, the Unified Modeling Language (UML)-see www.rational. com/uml-attempts to integrate features of the more preeminent models in OOA, thereby enhancing reusability and consolidating the growing OOA market. Why is OOA popular? In a nutshell, because it significantly advances the state of practice in requirements modeling. The prac-
Compressive failure of rocks by shear faulting (1998)

A model for the compressive failure of rocks via the process of shear faulting is presented. The model addresses the progressive growth of damage that leads to the formation of a critical fault nucleus which grows unstably in its own plane by fracturing the grain boundaries in an increasingly rapid succession. The model uses a two‐parameter Weibull‐type shear strength distribution for defining the nucleation of initial damage, followed by the use of stress enhancement factors for addressing the increased probability of failure in the vicinity of already cracked grain boundaries. These factors essentially involve surface averaging of enhanced stresses in the neighboring grains with the appropriate strength distribution as the weighting function. As the stress is further increased, similar correlated fracturing events get preferentially aligned to the crack cluster, resulting in en echelon of cracks. This crack cluster is modeled as an elliptical inhomogeneity within which the cracks interact and lead to material pulverization, the effect of which, mechanistically, is to lower the shear modulus compared with the uncracked material on the outside. The shear stress concentration resulting from this moduli mismatch is calculated and used to compute the stress enhancement factors for defining the nucleation of additional cracking events near the crack cluster. Eventually, the size of the crack cluster becomes sufficiently large that it carries a stress concentration high enough to fracture all grain boundary elements in from of it in an increasingly rapid succession. The stress associated with this event is taken as the failure stress. Since the model allows other cracking events to occur within the material volume in accordance with the assumed strength distribution function, formation of other competing but subcritical shear faults naturally occurs. Besides the faulting stress for a prescribed confinement, the model is able to predict the angle of the shear fault fairly well. The model is applied to a variety of rock types, including granite, eclogite, gabbro, aplite, rock salt, sandstone, dunite, limestone, and marble, and the predicted failure envelopes compare rather well with the failure data available in the literature.
Lipid II:  Total Synthesis of the Bacterial Cell Wall Precursor and Utilization as a Substrate for Glycosyltransfer and Transpeptidation by Penicillin Binding Protein (PBP) 1b of <i>Eschericia </i><i>c</i><i>oli</i> (2001)

An essential feature in the life cycle of both gram positive and gram negative bacteria is the production of new cell wall. Also known as murein, the cell wall is a two-dimensional polymer, consisting of a linear, repeating N-acetylmuramic acid (MurNAc) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) motif, cross-linked via peptides appended to MurNAc. The final steps in the maturation of murein are catalyzed by a single, bifunctional enzyme, known as a high MW, class A penicillin binding protein (PBP). PBPs catalyze polymerization of the sugar units (glycosyltransfer), as well as peptide cross-linking (transpeptidation) utilizing Lipid II as substrate. Detailed enzymology on this enzyme has been limited, due to difficulties in obtaining sufficient amounts of Lipid II, as well as the availability of a convenient and informative assay. We report the total chemical synthesis of Lipid II, as well as the development of an appropriate assay system and the observation of both catalytic transformations.
World’s First Myoblast Treatment of Human Cancer Found Safe and Efficacious (2017)

Evolution of placental mammals over the past 160 million years witnesses the relative sparing of muscles from cancer attacks. In 1) nude mice with human gastrointestinal or lung tumors, and 2) human subjects with liver, lung or gastrointestinal tumors, intra-tumor implantation of allogeneic human myoblasts induced cancer apoptosis, inhibiting metastasis and tumor growth. We postulate four mechanisms of cancer apoptosis: a) myoblasts releasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); b) deprivation of nutrients and oxygen; c) local inflammatory and immunologic attacks; and d) prevention from metastasis. These basic and clinical studies demonstrated preliminary safety and efficacy of intra-tumor myoblast implantation in the development of prevention and treatment for cancer, now the number one disease killer of mankind.