gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation Behavior of In-Flight Molten Aluminum Droplets in the Twin-Wire Electric Arc Thermal Spray Process (2005)

Abstract This paper examines the in-flight oxidation of molten aluminum sprayed in air using the twin-wire electric arc (TWEA) thermal spray process. The oxidation reaction of aluminum in air is highly exothermic and is represented by a heat generation term in the energy balance. Aerodynamic shear at the droplet surface: (1) enhances the amount of in-flight oxidation by promoting entrainment and mixing of the surface oxides within the droplet, and (2) causes a continuous heat generation effect due to the exothermic oxidation reaction that sustains droplet temperature as compared to a droplet without internal circulation. This continual source of heat input keeps the droplets in a liquid state during flight. A linear rate law based on the Mott-Cabrera theory was used to estimate the growth of the surface oxide layer formed during droplet flight. An explanation is provided for the elevated, nearly constant surface temperature (~ 2000 °C) of the droplets during flight to the substrate and it is shown that the majority of oxide content in the coating is produced during flight, rather than after deposition. The calculated oxide volume fraction of an average droplet at impact agrees well with the experimentally determined oxide content for a typical TWEA-sprayed aluminum coating, which ranges from 3.3 to 12.7%.
Estudio comparativo de las características físicas del semen de ovino en el laboratorio de reproducción asistida de la Diputación de Córdoba (2006)

En el presente trabajo se ha realizado un estudio comparativo\n\t\t\t\t de las caracteristicas físicas (volumen y concentración)\n\t\t\t\t de semen procedente de las extracciones realizadas\n\t\t\t\t en el laboratorio de Reproducción Asistida de\n\t\t\t\t Pequeños Rumiantes (código comunitario ES-04-02-0C),\n\t\t\t\t ubicado en el Centro Agropecuario Provincial de la\n\t\t\t\t Diputación de Córdoba, durante los años 2003, 2004 y 2005. Estos trabajos se vienen desarrollando en el seno de los convenios de colaboración suscritos entre la institución cordobesa y las Asociaciones de Criadores de\n\t\t\t\t Ovinos Precoces, Merino y Lacaune, para la mejora genética\n\t\t\t\t de los rebaños de la provincia mediante el empleo de técnicas de inseminación artificial como medida de apoyo al desarrollo de los esquemas de selección de estas\n\t\t\t\t razas. Se realizó un análisis de varianza para la evaluación\n\t\t\t\t de la influencia de los efectos del año de extracción,\n\t\t\t\t la raza, la época de extracción y la interacción entre la\n\t\t\t\t raza y la época de extracción sobre el volumen y la concentración\n\t\t\t\t seminal.
Adaptive Mean-Shift Tracking With Auxiliary Particles (2009)

We present a new approach for robust and efficient tracking by incorporating the efficiency of the mean-shift algorithm with the multihypothesis characteristics of particle filtering in an adaptive manner. The aim of the proposed algorithm is to cope with problems that were brought about by sudden motions and distractions. The mean-shift tracking algorithm is robust and effective when the representation of a target is sufficiently discriminative, the target does not jump beyond the bandwidth, and no serious distractions exist. We propose a novel two-stage motion estimation method that is efficient and reliable. If a sudden motion is detected by the motion estimator, some particle-filtering-based trackers can be used to outperform the mean-shift algorithm, at the expense of using a large particle set. In our approach, the mean-shift algorithm is used, as long as it provides reasonable performance. Auxiliary particles are introduced to cope with distractions and sudden motions when such threats are detected. Moreover, discriminative features are selected according to the separation of the foreground and background distributions when threats do not exist. This strategy is important, because it is dangerous to update the target model when the tracking is in an unsteady state. We demonstrate the performance of our approach by comparing it with other trackers in tracking several challenging image sequences.
Immunoenzymometric assay of human glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB in diagnosis of ischemic myocardial injury (1995)

With a new immunoenzymometric assay we measured human glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB (GPBB) in 116 healthy individuals, 14 patients with stable angina, 107 nontraumatic chest pain patients on admission to the emergency department [45 acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 49 unstable angina, 13 other diseases], and in serial samples from 41 AMI patients. GPBB was compared with creatine kinase (CK), CKMB mass, myoglobin, and cardiac troponin T. Receiver-operating characteristic plots demonstrated the significantly greater (P < or = 0.012) discriminatory power of GPBB to detect acute ischemic coronary syndromes compared with all other tested markers. GPBB was the most sensitive marker for detection of AMI during the first 4 h after onset of chest pain, and only GPBB was increased above the upper reference limit (7 micrograms/L) on admission in patients who had unstable angina at rest and reversible ST-T alterations. This and the high early sensitivity of GPBB are most likely explained by its function as a key enzyme of glycogenolysis.
The preparation of microporous membranes from blends of poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) and sulfonated poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (1999)

Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) is a chemically resistant polymer and, therefore, an attractive material for the formation of membranes. However, membranes of unmodified PPO prepared by an immersion precipitation possess very low hydraulic permeabilities at the filtration processes. The membranes with higher hydraulic permeabilities can be prepared from sulfonated PPO and/or from blends of unsulfonated PPO and sulfonated PPO. In conclusion, the mechanism of the formation of membranes from blends of unsulfonated PPO and sulfonated PPO is suggested. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 161–167, 1999
Rethinking Physiologic Stability: Touch and Intracranial Pressure (1999)

The purpose of this research was to examine the contingent nature of physiologic stability with respect to the impact of nursing and parental care touch on intracranial pressure (ICP) in children. Data were reanalyzed from those previously collected in eight children in a pediatric intensive care unit who had intracranial hypertension from a variety of causes and whose ICP was invasively monitored. One hundred forty-nine clusters of spontaneous touch/talking were available for analysis after those occurring close in time to procedures and drugs affecting ICP were dropped. Twenty-three episodes of investigator touch (without talking) were also analyzed. ICP stability was defined as any tracing over a defined time period in which the peak-to-trough amplitude did not exceed twice the calculated resting variability. Such an approach allowed classification and counting of stable versus unstable baselines, and stable versus unstable responses to touch. Therefore, ICP stability was examined by comparing the stability of the ICP tracing the last minute prior to a cluster of nonprocedural touch (baseline) with the first minute after the cluster. Clusters of spontaneous touch were nearly always associated with talking to the child and rarely were followed by change in level of ICP greater than that child's ICP variability at rest. Investigator stroking without talking never was followed by a significant change in level of ICP. There was a contingent relationship between stability of the ICP tracing prior to a cluster of touching/talking such that the probability of ICP becoming more stable when the touch/talk occurred on an unstable baseline was twice that of touch/talk occurring on an stable baseline.
Chitosan-protein scaffolds loaded with lysostaphin as potential antistaphylococcal wound dressing materials (2014)

Staphylococci belong to the most popular and most burdensome aetiological factors of wound and soft tissues infections. The developed chitosan-protein scaffolds loaded with lysostaphin could be a possible solution to problems associated with treatment of these infections.
Prediction of downlink effective statistical G/T in satellite PCN handsets (2002)

The figure of merit (G/T) is one of the major contributors to the calculation of system performance for an Earth-space link. The effective statistical G/T (ESGuT) is introduced as the most useful measure of a handheld terminal performance in a satellite PCN system operated using non-geostationary satellite constellations. A calculation procedure for the ESGuT is presented and used to compare the impact of different antenna pattern shapes, satellite constellations, environments and the influence of the orientation of the handheld.
Identification of Opioid Ligands Possessing Mixed μ Agonist/δ Antagonist Activity among Pyridomorphinans Derived from Naloxone, Oxymorphone, and Hydromorphone. (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionIdentification of Opioid Ligands Possessing Mixed μ Agonist/δ Antagonist Activity among Pyridomorphinans Derived from Naloxone, Oxymorphone, and Hydromorphone.Subramaniam Ananthan, Naveen K. Khare, Surendra K. Saini, Lainne E. Seitz, Jeffrey L. Bartlett, Peg Davis, Christina M. Dersch, Frank Porreca, Richard B. Rothman, and Edward J. BilskyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 2004, 47, 10, 2716Publication Date (Web):April 2, 2004Publication History Published online2 April 2004Published inissue 1 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0400597https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0400597correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (9 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disk Drive Magnetic Recording (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Writing and Reading Field from the Head Example: Head Field Calculation Head Efficiency and Field in the Gap Reading of Magnetic Disk Data Reading with Step-Function Magnetic Transitions Reading Arctangent Magnetic Transitions Transition Parameter a Example: Calculations of Transition Parameter a, V p-p , and P 50 Signal Voltage Parameters and Engineering Approximations Digital Writing Process: Discussion and Graphical Illustration Side Writing, Reading, Erasing, and Fringing Fields of Heads Reading Sinusoidal Magnetic Transitions This chapter contains sections titled: References
Silicon MEMS oscillators for high speed digital systems (2009)

Presents a collection of slides that cover the following topics: quartz; MEMS oscillators; MEMS resonator fabrication; PLL; packaging; IC-level reliability; clocks; high speed digital systems; state machine clocking; parallel communication clocking; serial communication clocking; and technology transitions.
Twitter financial community sentiment and its predictive relationship to stock market movement (2015)

Twitter, one of the several major social media platforms, has been identified as an influential factor for financial markets by multiple academic and professional publications in recent years. The motivation of this study hinges on the growing popularity of the use of Twitter and the increasing prevalence of its influence among the financial investment community. This paper presents empirical evidence of the existence of a financial community on Twitter in which users’ interests align with financial market-related topics. We establish a methodology to identify relevant Twitter users who form the financial community, and we also present the empirical findings of network characteristics of the financial community. We observe that this financial community behaves similarly to a small-world network, and we further identify groups of critical nodes and analyse their influence within the financial community based on several network centrality measures. Using a novel sentiment analysis algorithm, we construct a weighted sentiment measure using tweet messages from these critical nodes, and we discover that it is significantly correlated with the returns of the major financial market indices. By forming a financial community within the Twitter universe, we argue that the influential Twitter users within the financial community provide a proxy for the relationship between social sentiment and financial market movement. Hence, we conclude that the weighted sentiment constructed from these critical nodes within the financial community provides a more robust predictor of financial markets than the general social sentiment.
Evolution Strategies as a Scalable Alternative to Reinforcement Learning (2017)

We explore the use of Evolution Strategies (ES), a class of black box optimization algorithms, as an alternative to popular MDP-based RL techniques such as Q-learning and Policy Gradients. Experiments on MuJoCo and Atari show that ES is a viable solution strategy that scales extremely well with the number of CPUs available: By using a novel communication strategy based on common random numbers, our ES implementation only needs to communicate scalars, making it possible to scale to over a thousand parallel workers. This allows us to solve 3D humanoid walking in 10 minutes and obtain competitive results on most Atari games after one hour of training. In addition, we highlight several advantages of ES as a black box optimization technique: it is invariant to action frequency and delayed rewards, tolerant of extremely long horizons, and does not need temporal discounting or value function approximation.
Thickness dependence of ferroelectric polarization switching in poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) spin cast films (2001)

In poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) copolymer spin cast films, it has been observed that the polarization switching time increases as the film thickness is reduced to below 1 μm. We will show that this change with film thickness can be divided into two thickness regimes, i.e., those above 120–150 nm and those below that thickness. For films thicker than 120–150 nm, the change in the switching behavior is due to interface effects that can be modeled by an effective interface layer with lower dielectric constant that is in series with the film. For films below 120–150 nm thickness, there is an additional and very large increase of the switching time with reduced film thickness. This additional effect is caused by the precipitous drop of the crystallinity in films at this thickness range.
Emulsification Properties of Succinylated Canola Protein Isolate (1988)

ABSTRACT Emulsification properties of unmodified and succinylated canola (rapeseed) protein isolate (54 and 84% modification of free amino groups) were examined over a wide range of pH values (pH 3.5–11.0) and sodium chloride concentrations (0.0–0.70M). Both emulsification activity and emulsion stability were increased by succinylation, but extensive succinylation was not required to significantly improve these properties. Multiple regression analyses indicated that emulsification activity was related to protein solubility, hydrophobicity, zeta potential and flow behavior of aqueous dispersions of the proteins. Emulsion stability was affected by protein solubility, zeta potential, apparent viscosity of protein dispersions and difference in density between the aqueous and oil phase.
Control of cytosolic free calcium in cultured human pancreatic beta- cells occurs by external calcium-dependent and independent mechanisms (1994)

Changes in cytosolic intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) in response to glucose, glyburide, cholinergic agonists, and elevated [K+]o (external potassium concentration) were measured in cultured human islet beta-cells. In the absence of glucose, the mean resting [Ca2+]i in single beta-cells was 84.5 +/- 4.7 nM (n = 86) and remained unchanged in low external [Ca2+]o (Ca2+ concentration) (< 0.2 microM) at 23-25 C. Glucose (5.6-33 mM) induced a slow dose-related [Ca2+]i rise up to 300.0 +/- 50.6 nM (n = 19). This [Ca2+]i rise always occurred with a delay that varied from cell to cell (approximately 10-120 sec), and the steady state [Ca2+]i exhibited a sigmoidal dependence on glucose concentration (midpoint at 14.9 mM). The glucose-induced rise in [Ca2+]i was attenuated by about 62% in low external [Ca2+]o and was not affected by dantrolene, a drug that inhibits Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum. In the absence or presence of glucose, cholinergic receptor agonists evoked a biphasic increase in [Ca2+]i up to 350 nM; the delayed component of the [Ca2+]i rise was blocked by dantrolene. A rapid elevation of [K+]o to 40 mM also elicited a biphasic rise in [Ca2+]i, which peaked at about 250 nM and was inhibited by the Ca2+ channel antagonist nifedipine. Glyburide (4 microM) in the absence of glucose also induced a [Ca2+]o-dependent rise in [Ca2+]i. Increasing the concentration of glucose from 4 to 16.7 mM evoked a biphasic pattern of insulin secretion from perifused isolated islets at 37 C. Finally, in the presence of 4 mM glucose, a cholinergic muscarinic receptor agonist stimulated insulin secretion. A glucose-stimulated [Ca2+]i rise was also studied at 24 and 37 C in cultured rat islet cells. Our results suggest that the Ca2+ required for glucose-induced and muscarinic agonist-potentiated insulin release enters the cytosol from both extracellular and intracellular Ca2+ stores.
Transparent, Flexible, and Conductive 2D Titanium Carbide (MXene) Films with High Volumetric Capacitance (2017)

2D transition-metal carbides and nitrides, known as MXenes, have displayed promising properties in numerous applications, such as energy storage, electromagnetic interference shielding, and catalysis. Titanium carbide MXene (Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> ), in particular, has shown significant energy-storage capability. However, previously, only micrometer-thick, nontransparent films were studied. Here, highly transparent and conductive Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> films and their application as transparent, solid-state supercapacitors are reported. Transparent films are fabricated via spin-casting of Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> nanosheet colloidal solutions, followed by vacuum annealing at 200 °C. Films with transmittance of 93% (≈4 nm) and 29% (≈88 nm) demonstrate DC conductivity of ≈5736 and ≈9880 S cm<sup>-1</sup> , respectively. Such highly transparent, conductive Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> films display impressive volumetric capacitance (676 F cm<sup>-3</sup> ) combined with fast response. Transparent solid-state, asymmetric supercapacitors (72% transmittance) based on Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> and single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films are also fabricated. These electrodes exhibit high capacitance (1.6 mF cm<sup>-2</sup> ) and energy density (0.05 µW h cm<sup>-2</sup> ), and long lifetime (no capacitance decay over 20 000 cycles), exceeding that of graphene or SWCNT-based transparent supercapacitor devices. Collectively, the Ti<sub>3</sub> C<sub>2</sub> T<sub>x</sub> films are among the state-of-the-art for future transparent, conductive, capacitive electrodes, and translate into technologically viable devices for next-generation wearable, portable electronics.
Characterization of pulsed‐dye laser‐mediated vasodilatation in a rabbit femoral artery model of vasoconstriction (1993)

Vasoconstriction is a clinical problem associated with invasive vascular procedures, microvascular reconstruction and subarachnoid hemorrhage. We sought to characterize the ability of pulsed-dye laser irradiation to reverse and prevent vasoconstriction in an anesthetized rabbit model of surgically and pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction. Five groups of experiments were performed to study the effect of pulsed-dye laser irradiation delivered through a 320 microns core ball-tip fiber into the femoral artery. The studies demonstrated that pulsed-dye irradiation can reproducibly cause vascular dilatation. The zone of vasodilatation propagated equally proximal and distal to the site of irradiation within the vessel. When saline was infused into the vessel to replace flowing blood during delivery of laser irradiation, no significant vasodilatation occurred. After laser irradiation reversed surgical and pharmacologic vasoconstriction, the vessel was resistant to further pharmacologic vasoconstriction. This resistance to pharmacologic vasoconstriction did not occur if the vessel was pharmacologically predilated before delivery of laser irradiation. Pathologic analysis of the vessels revealed endothelial damage and mild to moderate medial necrosis, most significant at the site of energy delivery. These studies provide characterization of pulsed-dye laser-mediated vasodilatation in an in vivo model. Delivery of pulsed-dye laser energy has potential clinical application and warrants further investigation.
A 10/20/30/40 MHz Feedforward FIR DAC Continuous-Time ADC With Robust Blocker Performance for Radio Receivers (2016)

The first feedforward continuous-time ΔΣ ADC with a finite impulse response (FIR) DAC is presented for consumer radio applications. It provides robust loop-delay compensation with no performance degradation in the presence of radio out-of-band blockers from either out-of-band gain peaking in the signal transfer function or blocker clock-jitter modulation. A half-clock-period-delay half-return-to-open FIR DAC minimizes intersymbol interference with 3 dB less noise. At 20/30/40 MHz operation, the figure-of-merit (FOM) is less than or equal to 36 fJ/conv.-step. At 10 MHz operation, the FOM is 50 fJ/conv.-step. The equivalent FOM for a 20 MHz-only design is 28 fJ/conv.-step. It occupies 0.0194 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 40 nm CMOS and is the smallest wideband ADC ever reported.