gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NSP: Physical compact model for stacked-planar and vertical Gate-All-Around MOSFETs (2016)

In this work, a predictive and physical compact model for NanoWire/NanoSheet (NW/NS) Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFET is presented. Based on a novel methodology for the calculation of the surface potential including quantum confinement, this model is able to handle arbitrary NW/NS cross-section shape of stacked-planar and vertical GAA MOSFETs (circular, square, rectangular). This Nanowire Surface Potential (NSP) based model, validated both by numerical simulations and experimental data, is demonstrated to be very accurate in all operation regimes of GAA MOSFETs.
Printed quadrifilar resonant helix antenna withintegrated feeding network (1997)

A compact printed quadrifilar resonant helix antenna with integrated feeding system is presented. This antenna displays small size, low cost, hemispherical radiation coverage, large bandwidth, good efficiency and good axial ratio.
Abstract C26: Oncogenic mechanism of soluble keratin 17 offers potential therapeutic vulnerability in pancreatic cancer (2019)

Abstract Clinical Need and Objectives: Our previous reports suggest that keratin 17 (K17), an intermediate filament (IF), is an oncoprotein and biomarker of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant form of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Importantly, K17 transitions from its “insoluble” IF form to a “soluble” form that can regulate cell cycle progression and gene expression, though the mechanisms that mediate K17 solubilization are yet unknown. Determining these mechanisms may uncover new keratin 17-specific PDAC therapeutic vulnerabilities. Methods and Results: We found that in human and murine PDAC models, the soluble fraction of K17 exists in the full-length form (flK17) and as a caspase-cleaved peptide (ccK17), each with potential roles as biomarkers and/or functional drivers of PDAC aggression. In a PDAC tumor mouse model and human samples, we show, independent of total K17 protein amount, that the percent of soluble and ccK17 in tumor cells is negatively prognostic. We sequenced both the soluble and cytoskeletal insoluble forms of K17 from primary PDACs using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and identified that K17 is phosphorylated on several N-terminal serine residues, some of which identify a semiconserved IF motif that may regulate caspase cleavage and solubilization. Serine phosphatase inhibition in vitro demonstrated that phosphorylation is necessary to trigger K17 solubilization followed by nuclear translocation. Mutagenesis of N-terminal serine sites demonstrated that phosphorylation of three serine residues is sufficient to solubilize K17 from its filamentous state, and that phosphorylation of K17 by a PKC-RSK signaling pathway is likely to induce solubilization. In vitro and in vivo experiments are ongoing to address the functional role of this mechanism in regulating PDAC pathogenesis. Conclusion: Phosphorylation is an important regulator of K17 dynamics in PDAC, promoting solubilization and, in some cases, caspase cleavage. Our results suggest that soluble K17 may have a functional role in promoting tumor aggression. Inhibiting RSK or PKC kinases that phosphorylate K17 could impact tumor growth by blocking K17 solubilization/cleavage, and this line of research could accelerate the development of more effective treatments, coupled to soluble K17 testing as a predictive biomarker for PDAC. Citation Format: Ryan R. Kawalerski, Lucia Roa-Pena, Luke A. Torre-Healy, Taryn Boyle, Cindy V. Leiton, Natasha T. Snider, Kenneth R. Shroyer, Luisa F. Escobar-Hoyos. Oncogenic mechanism of soluble keratin 17 offers potential therapeutic vulnerability in pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2019 Sept 6-9; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(24 Suppl):Abstract nr C26.
Ripening in the tomato <i>Green-ripe</i> mutant is inhibited by ectopic expression of a protein that disrupts ethylene signaling (2006)

To achieve full ripening, climacteric fruits, such as tomato require synthesis, perception and signal transduction of the plant hormone ethylene. The nonripening phenotype of the dominant Green-ripe (Gr) and Never-ripe 2 (Nr-2) mutants of tomato is the result of reduced ethylene responsiveness in fruit tissues. In addition, a subset of ethylene responses associated with floral senescence, abscission, and root elongation are also impacted in mutant plants, but to a lesser extent. Using positional cloning, we have identified an identical 334-bp deletion in a gene of unknown biochemical function at the Gr/Nr-2 locus. Consistent with a dominant gain of function mutation, this deletion causes ectopic expression of Gr/Nr-2, which in turn leads to ripening inhibition. A CaMV35::GR transgene recreates the Gr/Nr-2 mutant phenotype but does not lead to a global reduction in ethylene responsiveness, suggesting tissue-specific modulation of ethylene responses in tomato. Gr/Nr-2 encodes an evolutionary conserved protein of unknown biochemical function that we associate here with ethylene signaling. Because Gr/Nr-2 has no sequence homology with the previously described Nr (Never-ripe) ethylene receptor of tomato we now refer to this gene only as GR. Identification of GR expands the current repertoire of ethylene signaling components in plants and provides a tool for further elucidation of ethylene response mechanisms and for controlling ethylene signal specificity in crop plants.
Automated target detection system for hyperspectral imaging sensors (2008)

Over the past several years, hyperspectral sensor technology has evolved to the point where real-time processing for operational applications is achievable. Algorithms supporting such sensors must be fully automated and robust. Our approach, for target detection applications, is to select signatures from a target reflectance library database and project them to the at-sensor and collection-specific radiance domain using the weather forecast or radiosonde data. This enables platform-based detection immediately following data acquisition without the need for further atmospheric compensation. One advantage of this method for reflective hyperspectral sensors is the ability to predict the radiance signatures of targets under multiple illumination conditions. A three-phase approach is implemented, where the library generation and data acquisition phases provide the necessary input for the automated detection phase. In addition to employing the target detector itself, this final phase includes a series of automated filters, adaptive thresholding, and confidence assignments to extract the optimal information from the detection scores for each spectral class. Our prototype software is applied to 50 reflective hyperspectral datacubes to measure detection performance over a range of targets, backgrounds, and environmental conditions.
Direct selection of a specifically blocked mutant of Actinomadura brunnea. Isolation of a third 8-methoxy substituted chlortetracycline. (1987)

Actinomadura brunnea produces 2'-N-methyl-8-methoxychlortetracycline. A derivative of this strain has been isolated that is specifically blocked in methylation of the 2'-amino position. This isolate was detected by screening approximately 30,000 colonies of a mutagenized population of Actinomadura brunnea using a direct soft agar overlay with an Escherichia coli indicator. The antibiotic produced by the blocked mutant has been identified as 8-methoxychlortetracycline (Sch 36969) based upon its biological activity, relative mobility on TLC and HPLC, and spectroscopic data.
Facile Synthesis of Highly Efficient Phenyltetraene-Based Nonlinear Optical Chromophores for Electrooptics (2006)

[reaction: see text] A facile synthetic route has been developed to convert an electron-rich, sterically hindered dialkylaminodienone into a conjugated dialkylaminotrienal with good yield. The derived dialkylaminotetraene-type nonlinear optical chromophores possess an all-trans conformation and can be functionalized with fluoro-dendron to provide proper shape modification for poling. Polymers doped with two examples of these chromophores in high concentrations have been poled to afford ultra-large electrooptic coefficients (r(33)) of 208 and 262 pm/V, respectively, at the measuring wavelength of 1.31 mum.
Discovery and Characterization of 4‘-(2-Furyl)-<i>N</i>-pyridin-3-yl-4,5‘-bipyrimidin-2‘-amine (LAS38096), a Potent, Selective, and Efficacious A<sub>2B</sub>Adenosine Receptor Antagonist (2007)

A novel series of N-heteroaryl 4'-(2-furyl)-4,5'-bipyrimidin-2'-amines has been identified as potent and selective A(2B) adenosine receptor antagonists. In particular, compound 5 showed high affinity for the A(2B) receptor (Ki = 17 nM), good selectivity (IC(50): A(1) > 1000 nM, A(2A) > 2500 nM, A3 > 1000 nM), displayed a favorable pharmacokinetic profile in preclinical species, and showed efficacy in functional in vitro models.
A 4/sup th/-order 86dB CT Δ/spl Sigmma/ ADC with two amplifiers in 90nm CMOS (2005)

A fourth-order 1b CT /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ converter using a two-amplifier loop and a 267MHz sampling frequency is implemented in 90nm CMOS. A double-loop architecture couples passive poles with a reduced number of active blocks to improve area and power while achieving 86dB peak SNR over a 600kHz band.
A New Methodology for Effectively Correcting LWD Depth Measurements (2007)

D048 A New Methodology for Effectively Correcting LWD Depth Measurements G.A. Bordakov* (Schlumberger) A.V. Kostin (Schlumberger) J. Rasmus (Schlumberger) & H. Laastad (Statoil) SUMMARY LWD or drilling derived logging depths can be inaccurate and therefore unreliable for well-to-well correlations correlations to offset well data and formation thickness determinations. These inaccuracies generally originate from the fact that the LWD depth measurement is purposely made to equal the driller’s depth. The actual depth of the measurements downhole is rarely equal to this static pipe measurement for the primary reason that while drilling the drillpipe is subject to an environment that is not
Bioactive interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels that support corneal epithelial wound healing (2008)

The development and characterization of collagen-coupled poly(ethylene glycol)/poly(acrylic acid) (PEG/PAA) interpenetrating polymer network hydrogels is described. Quantitative amino acid analysis and FITC-labeling of collagen were used to determine the amount and distribution of collagen on the surface of the hydrogels. The bioactivity of the coupled collagen was detected by a conformation-specific antibody and was found to vary with the concentration of collagen reacted to the photochemically functionalized hydrogel surfaces. A wound healing assay based on an organ culture model demonstrated that this bioactive surface supports epithelial wound closure over the hydrogel but at a decreased rate relative to sham wounds. Implantation of the hydrogel into the corneas of live rabbits demonstrated that epithelial cell migration is supported by the material, although the rate of migration and morphology of the epithelium were not normal. The results from the study will be used as a guide toward the optimization of bioactive hydrogels with promise in corneal implant applications such as a corneal onlay and an artificial cornea.
Simulation-based Decision Support System for Real-time Disaster Response Management (2008)

We have merged agent-based modeling, discrete event simulation, and geographical information systems (GIS) into one seamlessly integrated platform to simulate major disaster events in real time. One advantage of this hybrid architecture is the ability to assess the impact of agent rules on outcomes in disaster scenarios. A heuristic top-level framework has been developed to generate evolutionary, near-optimal dispatching decisions for the responders. The model considers multiple objectives and can dynamically drive the overall system towards a better performance over time. Because the users can interact with the simulation platform at a very high level linked to familiar interface features such as maps, it is accessible to end-users such as incident managers and decision makers with little simulation experience.
Impact of an Additional All-Optical Decision Element in Band-Limited Receivers for RZ Systems (2007)

We investigate both theoretically and experimentally how the use of an all-optical decision element (ODE) in front of a conventional receiver improves, in return-to-zero (RZ) systems, the receiver performance when the signal bandwidth exceeds the bandwidth of the available optoelectronic components. A theoretical analysis of the ODE behavior shows the field of applicability of the investigated solution. The experimental evaluation of the performance improvement in an RZ system is realized using an ODE based on two cascaded nonlinear optical loop mirrors. Benefits in terms of bit error rate for different signal bandwidths and for a different received optical signal-to-noise ratio are presented. Substantial agreement of the experimental results with the theoretical analysis is obtained. The impact of the ODE in the presence of relevant thermal noise at the receiver is also considered. The ODE can extend the use of common band-limited receivers to wide-bandwidth signals and can be an alternative solution to the development of wideband receivers.
Constraint-based conflict and error management (2011)

Abstract The objective of this research is to develop a general methodology to manage conflicts and errors (CEs). Two constraint-based conflict and error prevention and detection (CEPD) algorithms, centralized and decentralized algorithms, have been designed. These two algorithms model and utilize the relationship between CEs for effective CEPD. They are compared with the traditional CEPD algorithm over undirected and directed constraint networks. Experiments results show that the two CEPD algorithms outperform the traditional CEPD algorithm in terms of four performance measures. The decentralized CEPD algorithm shall be used to manage CEs over a large constraint network. If information transmission between distributed agents is not feasible for the decentralized CEPD algorithm, the centralized CEPD algorithm shall be used for CEPD. The centralized CEPD algorithm, however, is sensitive to network topology and information transmission time. Keywords: conflict detectionconstrainterror detectionnetwork
Single Image Camera Calibration with Lenticular Arrays for Augmented Reality (2016)

We consider the problem of camera pose estimation for a scenario where the camera may have continuous and unknown changes in its focal length. Understanding frame by frame changes in camera focal length is vital to accurately estimating camera pose and vital to accurately rendering virtual objects in a scene with the correct perspective. However, most approaches to camera calibration require geometric constraints from many frames or the observation of a 3D calibration object - both of which may not be feasible in augmented reality settings. This paper introduces a calibration object based on a flat lenticular array that creates a color coded light-field whose observed color changes depending on the angle from which it is viewed. We derive an approach to estimate the focal length of the camera and the relative pose of an object from a single image. We characterize the performance of camera calibration across various focal lengths and camera models, and we demonstrate the advantages of the focal length estimation in rendering a virtual object in a video with constant zooming.
Phase 2 trial of FG-3019, anti-CTGF monoclonal antibody, in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF): Preliminary safety and efficacy results (2012)

Introduction: Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF and is a potential novel therapeutic target.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of FG-3019 in subjects with IPF.

Methods: Phase 2 prospective, open label study of FG-3019 (15 mg/kg IV every 3 weeks for 45 weeks) in subjects with well-defined IPF (duration ≤5 years, evidence of disease progression during the preceding year, FVC 45−85% predicted, DLCO ≥ 30% predicted, and 10−50% parenchymal fibrosis by HRCT). Treatment response was assessed by changes in extent of parenchymal disease (HRCT and FVC).

Results: 54 subjects (males 83%, mean age 67 years, median FVC % predicted 63.2%) were enrolled. Quantified HRCT scores of whole lung fibrosis (QLF) and all abnormal interstitial lung disease (QILD) at week 24 showed decreases from baseline greater than analytical variability (±2%) in 6 (24%) and 8 (32%) of 25 subjects, respectively. Changes in both QLF and QILD score were significantly correlated with changes in FVC % predicted (for QILD, r=-0.55, p=0.004). Mean decreases in FVC % predicted were less than in historical controls. Safety findings to date include 13 SAEs (none drug-related), 1 acute exacerbation, 9 respiratory-related hospitalizations, and 3 deaths (all related to IPF).

Conclusions: FG-3019, a novel anti-fibrotic agent, is well tolerated by subjects with IPF. No drug-related SAEs have been reported to date. Promising results of measurement of quantified lung fibrosis scores and FVC warrant pursuing the clinical trial with a higher dose of FG-3019 to further assess safety and efficacy in subjects with IPF.
Detection of IgE, IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against raw and processed food antigens (2009)

We conclude that the determination of food allergy, intolerance and sensitivity would be improved by testing IgE, IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies against both raw and processed food antigens. Antibodies against modified food antigens, by reacting with AGEs and tissue proteins, may cause perturbation in degenerative and autoimmune diseases such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, inflammation, autoimmunity, neurodegeneration and neuroautoimmunity.
Tomato aromatic amino acid decarboxylases participate in synthesis of the flavor volatiles 2-phenylethanol and 2-phenylacetaldehyde (2006)

An important phenylalanine-derived volatile compound produced by plants is 2-phenylethanol. It is a major contributor to flavor in many foods, including fresh fruits, such as tomato, and an insect-attracting scent in roses and many other flowers. Despite the centrality of 2-phenylethanol to flavor and fragrance, the plant genes responsible for its synthesis have not been identified. Here, we describe a biosynthetic pathway for 2-phenylethanol and other phenylalanine-derived volatiles in tomato fruits and a small family of decarboxylases (LeAADC1A, LeAADC1B, and LeAADC2) that can mediate that pathway's first step. These enzymes each catalyze conversion of phenylalanine to phenethylamine and tyrosine to tyramine. Although tyrosine is the preferred substrate in vitro, phenylalanine levels in tomato fruits far exceed those of tyrosine, indicating that phenylalanine is a physiological substrate. Consistent with this view, overexpression of either LeAADC1A or LeAADC2 in transgenic tomato plants resulted in fruits with up to 10-fold increased emissions of the products of the pathway, including 2-phenylacetaldehyde, 2-phenylethanol, and 1-nitro-2-phenylethane. Further, antisense reduction of LeAADC2 significantly reduced emissions of these volatiles. Besides establishing a biosynthetic route, these results show that it is possible to change phenylalanine-based flavor and aroma volatiles in plants by manipulating expression of a single gene.
Vector intensity measurement with a rigid spherical microphone array in a vehicle cabin (2008)

Measurement results showing intensity vector reconstructions using a rigid spherical microphone array in a vehicle cabin are presented. The measurement equipment developed by Nittobo was used in previous demonstrations to visualize the acoustic field using a beamforming technique superimposed on a picture from an on-board camera. In the present study intensity reconstructions are shown and are successful in locating and quantifying sources, demonstrating the usefulness of this technique in an enclosed space like a vehicle cabin, aircraft cabin, small room, etc. This work was supported by the US Office of Naval Research and Nittobo Acoustic Engineering Co. Ltd.
Dynamic multileaf collimator control for motion adaptive radiotherapy: An optimization approach (2011)

Radiotherapy aims to deliver ablative dose to the tumour with minimal normal tissue exposure - this requires accurate alignment of treatment beam with patient anatomy. Organ motion during treatment violates such alignment, and may compromise treatment efficacy significantly. One motion management strategy is to adaptively reposition and reshape the beam aperture in response to real-time motion, subject to deliverability constraints. In this work, we introduce an optimization framework and investigate a systematic control method for Multi-leaf collimator (MLC) leaf sequencing by explicitly defining the optimality of a leaf configuration with the composite effect of overdose and underdose cost. Given an estimate of the instantaneous motion, the planning beam aperture is transformed to generate an ideal aperture, which is then mapped to the deliverable space defined by the physical constraints (finite MLC leaf width and the restrictive track-wise convex topology due to paired leaf structure). Such projection is obtained via minimizing the aforementioned dose composite dose discrepancy cost. The key contribution of this work is the holistic optimization framework seeking a deliverable MLC configuration that is closest to the ideal aperture, where closeness is defined rigorously as the cumulative cost in terms of underdose to tumor target and overdose to healthy tissue. The optimization framework proposed here is general enough to account for an arbitrary planning aperture, and (nonlinear) deformation motion. It is particularly flexible to incorporate inhomogeneous underdose/overdose cost to reflex difference in organ radiosensitivity. We illustrate automatic adaptation features based on overdose/underdose tradeoff, with examples where (1) the tumor target and the organ at risk exhibits differential motion, and (2) rotational motion results in undeliverable aperture, to demonstrate the automatic adaptation based on overdose/underdose tradeoff. The proposed framework can be naturally extended to incorporate more complex physical constraints, and to adjust for accumulative dose discrepancy.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOPENTANO‐1,2,3,4‐TETRAHYDROISOQUINOLINES, NOVEL HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS (1974)

Abstract 2,3‐Dimethoxy‐benzaldehyd (I) reagiert mit Malonsäure zur Zimtsäure (II), die nach Hydrierung zu (III) mit Polyphosphorsäure zum Indanon (IV) cyclisiert wird.
Status and Prospects of Organic Redox Flow Batteries toward Sustainable Energy Storage (2019)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are regarded a promising technology for large-scale electricity energy storage to realize efficient utilization of intermittent renewable energy. Redox -active materials are the most important components in the RFB system because their physicochemical and electrochemical properties directly determine their battery performance and energy storage cost. Designable, tunable, and potentially low-cost redox-active organic compounds are promising alternatives to traditional redox-active inorganic compounds for RFB applications. Herein, the representative designs of redox-active molecules, recent development of organic RFBs (ORFBs), and advantages/disadvantages of different ORFB are reviewed. Especially the relationship between redox-active molecules’ physicochemical properties and their battery performance is discussed with an emphasis on the side reactions that cause fading of battery capacity. Finally, we provide an outlook on the development of high-performance ORFBs for practical energy storage applications.