gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital terrain modelling: A review of hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications (1991)

Abstract The topography of a catchment has a major impact on the hydrological, geomorphological, and biological processes active in the landscape. The spatial distribution of topographic attributes can often be used as an indirect measure of the spatial variability of these processes and allows them to be mapped using relatively simple techniques. Many geographic information systems are being developed that store topographic information as the primary data for analysing water resource and biological problems. Furthermore, topography can be used to develop more physically realistic structures for hydrologic and water quality models that directly account for the impact of topography on the hydrology. Digital elevation models are the primary data used in the analysis of catchment topography. We describe elevation data sources, digital elevation model structures, and the analysis of digital elevation data for hydrological, geomorphological, and biological applications. Some hydrologic models that make use of digital representations of topography are also considered.
Selective Electrooxidation of Glycerol Into Value-Added Chemicals: A Short Overview (2019)

A comprehensive overview of the catalysts developed for the electrooxidation of glycerol with the aim of producing selectively value-added compounds is proposed in the present contribution. By presenting the main results reported in the literature on glycerol electrooxidation in acidic and alkaline media, using different kinds of catalytic materials (monometallic catalysts based on platinum group metals and non-noble metals, multimetallic alloys, or modification of surfaces by adatoms, etc.) and under different experimental conditions, some general trends concerning the effects of catalyst composition and structure, of reaction medium and of the electrode potential to enhance the activity for the glycerol oxidation reaction and of the selectivity toward a unique value-added product will be presented and discussed. The objective is to provide a guideline for the development of electrochemical systems which allow performing the electrooxidation of glycerol at the rate and selectivity as high as possible.
Allosteric Fluoride Anion Recognition by a Doubly Strapped Porphyrin (2001)

Fluoride fills cavities and insulates polymers: A doubly strapped porphyrin has been designed that is a highly specific receptor for fluoride ions (see picture, yellow: sulfur, red: oxygen, blue: nitrogen, and light blue: fluoride). The strap defines a small cavity about the porphyrin core, and fluoride ion was observed to bind with cooperative allosterism. Larger anions did not bind in the cavity or interfere with fluoride binding. The straps are composed of bis(dithienyl)phenyl groups that can be electropolymerized to give conducting polymers. Exposure of these polymers to fluoride ions results in a dramatic irreversible reduction in conductivity. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2001/z17072_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Toughening epoxy resin with blocked isocyanate containing soft chain (2014)

ABSTRACT A series of imidazole (MI) blocked 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with polyethylene glycol (PEG‐400) as soft segment (PEG‐MI‐ b ‐TDI) were synthesized for toughening and curing the bisphenol A type epoxy resin (E‐44). Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum indicates that the NCO groups of the isocyanate molecule are blocked with MI. For curing epoxy systems, elimination of epoxy group and the formation of urethane bonds were studied by FTIR spectroscopy. The results of mechanical property were shown that the tensile shear and impact strengths of neat MI and MI‐ b ‐TDI cured E‐44 are lower than those of PEG‐MI‐ b ‐TDI cured E‐44. Based on the scanning electron microscope studies, microstructure evolutions of the E‐44 cured by different curing agents were imaged. The mechanical, thermal, and dynamic mechanical properties were measured by universal testing machine, differential scanning calorimeter and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The toughness of E‐44 cured by PEG‐MI‐ b ‐TDI was effectively improved without sacrificing the tensile shear strength. Based on the DMA studies, the long soft chain of PEG brought in a noticeable lowering in the glass transition temperature ( T g ). The glass transition temperature is near 165°C for the neat MI cured E‐44, which is higher than the T g s of the other curing agents cured epoxy. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 41345.
Exploration of new algorithms for airborne collision detection and avoidance to meet NextGen capabilities (2008)

As the aviation community moves toward the next generation air transportation system (NextGen), current airborne collision avoidance technology may become inadequate. The traffic alert and collision avoidance system (TCAS) was developed some time ago, and its ability to accommodate the air-to-air applications and air traffic control (ATC) procedures that are envisioned for NextGen is limited. There is a need to analyze the role of future NextGen technologies such as automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast (ADS-B) in the overall collision avoidance concept and architecture. This paper will describe a MITRE research effort addressing the following three fundamental research questions: What are the desired NextGen operations that are incompatible with current TCAS? What new enabling technologies and design principles could meet the NextGen needs? What are the key functional needs that ensure enhancements and modifications do not detract from safety-the primary function of the collision avoidance system? In this paper we will discuss the technical approach applied to the research, and identify projected TCAS limitations in meeting future air-to-air applications and ATC procedures.
Neural networks as spatio-temporal pattern-forming systems (1998)

Models of neural networks are developed from a biological point of view. Small networks are analysed using techniques from dynamical systems. The behaviour of spatially and temporally organized neural fields is then discussed from the point of view of pattern formation. Bifurcation methods, analytic solutions and perturbation methods are applied to these models.
A Mechanistic Study of α-(Amino acid)-<i>N</i>-carboxyanhydride Polymerization: Comparing Initiation and Termination Events in High-Vacuum and Traditional Polymerization Techniques (2009)

High-vacuum polymerization of α-(amino acid)-N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs) affords polymers with controlled molecular weights and narrow polydispersities; however, a comprehensive study of the end-group composition of the resulting polypeptides has not yet been performed. This reveals crucial information, as the end-groups are indicative of both the polymerization mechanism (i.e., initiation event) and the termination pathways. To this end, poly(O-benzyl-l-tyrosine) initiated by 1,6-diaminohexane was synthesized and subsequently characterized by MALDI-TOF MS, NALDI-TOF MS, and 13C NMR spectroscopy to ascertain the end-group structure. Polymers were prepared by both high-vacuum and glovebox techniques in DMF/THF. Preparation of poly(O-benzyl-l-tyrosine) by high-vacuum techniques yielded a polymer initiated exclusively by the normal amine mechanism, and termination by reaction with DMF was observed. In contrast, polymers prepared in the glovebox were initiated by the normal amine and activated monomer mechanisms, and several termination products are evident. To our knowledge, this is the first rigorous and comparative analysis of the end-group structure, and it demonstrates the advantage of high-vacuum techniques for polymerization of NCAs for the preparation of well-defined polypeptides with end-group fidelity.
AVIATION NURSING IN THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN KIMBERLEY (1995)

ABSTRACT: This article provides a brief overview of the Western Australian (WA) Kimberley Royal Flying Doctor Service and the role of the flight nurse who accompanies patients requiring aerial medical evacuation from rural and remote WA. Two short case histories of head injured patients evacuated from the Kimberley region will be outlined and some of the potential concerns associated with transferring patients at altitude in a confined and altered working environment will be discussed.
Blood group terminology 2004: from the International Society of Blood Transfusion committee on terminology for red cell surface antigens (2004)

Peer Reviewed
Optimal Code Rates for the Lorentzian Channel: Shannon Codes and LDPC Codes (2004)

We take an information-theoretic approach to obtaining optimal code rates for error-control codes on a magnetic storage channel approximated by the Lorentzian channel. Code rate optimality is in the sense of maximizing the information-theoretic user density along a track. To arrive at such results, we compute the achievable information rates for the Lorentzian channel as a function of signal-to-noise ratio and channel density, and then use these information rate calculations to obtain optimal code rates and maximal linear user densities. We call such (hypothetical) optimal codes "Shannon codes." We then examine optimal code rates on a Lorentzian channel assuming low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes instead of Shannon codes. We employ as our tool extrinsic information transfer (EXIT) charts, which provide a simple way of determining the capacity limit (or decoding threshold) for an LDPC code. We demonstrate that the optimal rates for LDPC codes coincide with those of Shannon codes and, more important, that LDPC codes are essentially capacity-achieving codes on the Lorentzian channel. Finally, we use the above results to estimate the optimal bit-aspect ratio, where optimality is in the sense of maximizing areal density.
Mechanisms of post-intervention arterial remodelling (2012)

It has been appreciated over the past two decades that arterial remodelling, in addition to intimal hyperplasia, contributes significantly to the degree of restenosis that develops following revascularization procedures. Remodelling appears to be an adventitia-based process that is contributed to by multiple factors including cytokines and growth factors that regulate extracellular matrix or phenotypic transformation of vascular cells including myofibroblasts. In this review, we summarize the currently available information from animal models as well as clinical investigations regarding arterial remodelling. The factors that contribute to this process are presented with an emphasis on potential therapeutic methods to enhance favourable remodelling and prevent restenosis.
Ionic Liquid as Catalyst and Reaction Medium – A Simple, Efficient and Green Procedure for Knoevenagel Condensation of Aliphatic and Aromatic Carbonyl Compounds Using a Task‐Specific Basic Ionic Liquid (2006)

Abstract The basic ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium hydroxide, [bmIm]OH, efficiently catalyzes Knoevenagel condensation without requirement of any organic solvent. A wide range of aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones easily undergo condensations with diethyl malonate, malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, malonic acid and ethyl acetoacetate. The reactions proceed at room temperature and are very fast (10–30 min). However, the most significant feature of this methodology is the condensation of aliphatic aldehyde with diethyl malonate, which is not very easy to achieve by conventional reagents, and was not addressed adequately in literature providing a general and convenient procedure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Therapeutic Potential of Afatinib in<i>NRG1</i>Fusion-Driven Solid Tumors: A Case Series (2020)

NRG1 fusions activate ErbB signaling and have been identified as oncogenic drivers in multiple solid tumor types. Afatinib is a pan-ErbB family inhibitor authorized for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer that may be effective in NRG1 fusion-driven tumors. This report summarizes six previously unpublished cases of NRG1 fusion-driven cancers treated with afatinib, including five with metastatic lung cancer and one with metastatic colorectal cancer. Several patients showed a prolonged response of >18 months with afatinib treatment. This case series adds to the evidence suggesting a potential role for afatinib in this area of unmet medical need.
A topology transparent link activation protocol for mobile CDMA radio networks (1994)

A topology transparent protocol for link activation in mobile CDMA networks is presented. The protocol resolves primary and secondary conflicts, and can easily be adapted to TDMA link activation, as well. The proposed protocol guarantees that each link will be successfully activated at least once in a frame without the need to adjust transmission schedules in mobile environments. Compared to other protocols with guaranteed delivery, the overhead due to the recomputation of transmission schedules is eliminated and, accordingly, transmissions need not be suspended for schedule reorganization. Furthermore, contrary to previously known protocols that adapt to mobility by schedule recomputation, the proposed solution is not subject to a potential catastrophic failure when the rate of topology changes exceeds the rate at which schedules can be readjusted. We prove the correctness and evaluate the efficiency of the new protocol by analytical methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Replication of TCF4 through Association and Linkage Studies in Late-Onset Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (2011)

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a common, late-onset disorder of the corneal endothelium. Although progress has been made in understanding the genetic basis of FECD by studying large families in which the phenotype is transmitted in an autosomal dominant fashion, a recently reported genome-wide association study identified common alleles at a locus on chromosome 18 near TCF4 which confer susceptibility to FECD. Here, we report the findings of our independent validation study for TCF4 using the largest FECD dataset to date (450 FECD cases and 340 normal controls). Logistic regression with sex as a covariate was performed for three genetic models: dominant (DOM), additive (ADD), and recessive (REC). We found significant association with rs613872, the target marker reported by Baratz et al.(2010), for all three genetic models (DOM: P = 9.33×10(-35); ADD: P = 7.48×10(-30); REC: P = 5.27×10(-6)). To strengthen the association study, we also conducted a genome-wide linkage scan on 64 multiplex families, composed primarily of affected sibling pairs (ASPs), using both parametric and non-parametric two-point and multipoint analyses. The most significant linkage region localizes to chromosome 18 from 69.94cM to 85.29cM, with a peak multipoint HLOD = 2.5 at rs1145315 (75.58cM) under the DOM model, mapping 1.5 Mb proximal to rs613872. In summary, our study presents evidence to support the role of the intronic TCF4 single nucleotide polymorphism rs613872 in late-onset FECD through both association and linkage studies.
A Proximity-Aware Hierarchical Clustering of Faces (2017)

In this paper, we propose an unsupervised face clustering algorithm called “Proximity-Aware Hierarchical Clustering” (PAHC) that exploits the local structure of deep representations. In the proposed method, a similarity measure between deep features is computed by evaluating linear SVM margins. SVMs are trained using nearest neighbors of sample data, and thus do not require any external training data. Clus- ters are then formed by thresholding the similarity scores. We evaluate the clustering performance using three challenging un- constrained face datasets, including Celebrity in Frontal-Profile (CFP), IARPA JANUS Benchmark A (IJB-A), and JANUS Challenge Set 3 (JANUS CS3) datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can achieve significant improvements over state-of-the-art methods. Moreover, we also show that the proposed clustering algorithm can be applied to curate a set of large-scale and noisy training dataset while maintaining sufficient amount of images and their variations due to nuisance factors. The face verification performance on JANUS CS3 improves significantly by finetuning a DCNN model with the curated MS-Celeb-1M dataset which contains over three million face images.
FeO<sub>x</sub> supported single‐atom Pd bifunctional catalyst for water gas shift reaction (2017)

Water gas shift reaction on supported noble metal catalysts is an essential process for upgrading hydrogen source industrially. Here a series of Pd/FeO x catalysts were detected for this reaction with Pd/Al 2 O 3 as reference. It was found that Pd/FeO x exhibited higher CO conversion than Pd/Al 2 O 3 with a good stability even in the presence of CO 2 and H 2 . Along the loading decreasing, the turnover frequency of exposed Pd atoms increased with the dispersion from subnanometer (∼1 nm) to single atoms. Various characterizations suggested that Pd single atoms greatly enhanced the reducibility of FeO x and facilitated the formation of oxygen vacancies, which served as sites to promote the dissociation of H 2 O to form H 2 and atomic O. The atomic O was ready to react with the linear adsorbed CO species on Pd single‐atom sites through a redox mechanism, which resulted in low activation energy of ∼30 kJ mol −1 . © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 63: 4022–4031, 2017
Strip waveguides in LiNbO&lt;inf&gt;3&lt;/inf&gt;fabricated by combined metal diffusion and ion implantation (1982)

Embedded strip waveguides in LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> are fabricated by a titanium in-diffusion followed by a masked implantation of helium ions which reduces the refractive index in the unmasked regions and confines the optical wave. This technique yields waveguides with well-defined lateral dimensions and strong optical confinement. The index profiles of helium implanted LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> are determined with an index reduction of more than 1 percent up to about 1 μm depth for 350 keV He+ ions at a dose <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\Phi \simeq 10^{16}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . Electrooptic devices with self-aligned electrodes are fabricated by using the implantation mask as a lift-off mask, and Mach-Zehndet type interferometers are investigated.
Effect of Water and Carbon Dioxide in Chemiluminescent Measurement of Oxides of Nitrogen (1982)

The results of studies on the quenching effects of H/sub 2/O and CO/sub 2/ at levels of interest in exhaust gas analyses are presented. The use of a semipermeable membrane type dryer as a means of removing the water interference has also been evaluated using moist mixtures of a) NO in nitrogen, b) NO/sub 2/ in air, and c) actual exhaust samples.
Synaptotagmin1 is required for spindle stability and metaphase-to-anaphase transition in mouse oocytes (2012)

Synaptotagmin1, a calcium sensor for exocytosis, forms the 7S complex, or so-called SNARE protein complex, together with SNAP -25, syntaxin and synaptobrevin to mediate docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles to the plasma membrane of the nerve terminal. Here, we identified the unique localization, expression and function of Syt1 during mouse oocyte meiotic maturation by using confocal microscopy, western blotting, Morpholino-based knockdown and time-lapse live cell imaging. We showed that Syt1 expression was gradually increased during oocyte maturation. Syt1 was localized at the oocyte cortex from GV to MII stages and at the spindle poles in MI and MII phases, with one third of a signal-free zone at the oocyte cortex, where the chromosomes are located, which is similar to the distribution pattern of CGs from the pro-MI to MII stages. Knockdown of Syt1 resulted in pro-MI/MI arrest and PB1 extrusion decrease, with severely disrupted spindles and misaligned chromosomes. Knockdown of Syt1 also caused abnormal localization of γ-tubulin, which became redistributed into the cytoplasm. Chromosome spreading showed failure of homologous chromosome segregation. The spindle assembly checkpoint protein Bub3 was detected at the kinetochores even after 10 h of oocyte culture. Live cell imaging analysis revealed that knockdown of Syt1 resulted in abnormal spindles with various morphologies and chromosomes arrested at the pro-MI/MI stage. Defective spindles failed to support chromosome alignment along microtubules, which led to repetitive unsuccessful metaphase-anaphase transitions and failure of PB1 extrusion after extended culture. Taken together, we suggest that Syt1 may act as a MTOC-associated protein to play important roles in mouse oocyte spindle organization/stability, and that it is indispensable for the metaphase-anaphase transition to promote mouse oocyte meiotic maturation.
Constraint driven web service composition in METEOR-S (2004)

Creating Web processes using Web service technology gives us the opportunity for selecting new services, which best suit our need at the moment. Doing this automatically requires us to quantify our criteria for selection. In addition, there are challenging issues of correctness and optimality. We present a constraint driven Web service composition tool in METEOR-S, which allows the process designers to bind Web services to an abstract process, based on business and process constraints and generate an executable process. Our approach is to reduce much of the service composition problem to a constraint satisfaction problem. It uses a multiphase approach for constraint analysis. This work was done as part of the METEORS framework, which aims to support the complete lifecycle of semantic Web processes.
Automation of fluorescent dot counting in cell nuclei (2002)

We have developed a completely automated fluorescence microscope system that can examine 500 cells in approximately 20 minutes to determine the number of labeled chromosomes (seen as dots) in each cell nucleus. This system works with two fluorescent dyes-one for the DNA hybridization dots (e.g. FITC) and one for the cell nucleus (e.g. DAPI). After the stage has moved to a new field the image is automatically focused, acquired by a Photometrics KAF 1400 camera, and then analyzed on a Macintosh Quadra 840AV computer. After the required number of cells has been analyzed, the user may interact to correct the computer by working with a gallery of the cell images. The machine accuracies are equal to panels of human experts (manual) and limited by the overlapping of dots in the 3D cell as seen through the 2D projection.
Designing Tapered Holey Fibers for Soliton Compression (2008)

We investigate numerically the compression of femtosecond solitons at 1.55-mum wavelength propagating in holey fibers which exhibit simultaneously decreasing dispersion and effective mode area. We determine optimal values of holey fiber parameters and fiber lengths for soliton compression in the adiabatic and nonadiabatic regimes. Compression factors in excess of ten are found for fibers as short as a few meters.