gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical analog to digital converter using optical logic and table look-up (1990)

The need for high performance analog to digital (AID) converters, the advantages of optics, and current approaches to AID conversion are reviewed. A novel method, for which a U.S. patent was recently awarded, is proposed that uses comparators, optical logic, and a table look-up to provide optical digital output from an optical analog input. The advantage of the new method is the ability to produce any digital code, optical input! output, and longer word lengths at high speed. Implementations of the optical logic are proposed that use 1-D spatial light modulator devices under development, including self-electro-optic effect devices (SEEDs), double heterostructure optoelectronic switch (DOES) devices, and spatial light rebroadcasters (SLRs). Optical AID converters could make digital multiplication by analog convolution competitive with electronic systems.
Tissue Localization of <i>Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans</i> in Human Periodontitis (1987)

Recent immunohistological studies have suggested that Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is present in the gingival tissues in juvenile periodontitis lesions. The present study examined tissue bound A. actinomycetemcomitans by bacterial culture and immunohistological demonstration of antigen in tissue. A total of 14 periodontitis lesions were examined. Eleven biopsies were obtained from gingiva adjacent to A. actinomycetemcomitans infected pockets, while the remaining three control biopsies were obtained from gingiva adjacent to pockets where subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans infection could not be detected. Each biopsy was hemisected, one half was used for immunofluorescence microscopic examination while the other half was processed for culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans. The latter section was surface-disinfected, repeatedly washed and then minced to release bacteria from within the tissues. Aliquots from the serial washings and the minced tissue suspension were cultured on medium selective for A. actinomycetemcomitans. Surface disinfection and serial washings gradually decreased cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans in the washings aliquots. Following tissue disruption, an increase in colony-forming units of A. actinomycetemcomitans was seen from eight of the 11 test biopsies. This bacterium could not be detected in washings or minced tissue suspensions from the control biopsies obtained from lesions in which subgingival A. actinomycetemcomitans was previously not detected. A positive correlation was seen between the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans antigens in the gingival biopsies and; (1) A. actinomycetemcomitans colony-forming units released from the minced tissues (r = 0.90, p = 0.000), as well as; (2) the colony-forming units from the periodontal pocket (r = 0.62, P = 0.017).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
An interleaving energy-conservation mode (IECM) control in single-inductor dual-output (SIDO) step-down converters with 91% peak efficiency (2010)

This interleaving energy-conservation mode control for single-inductor dual-output converter uses the superposition technique to yield the optimal average inductor current and 91% peak efficiency. Neither a freewheel stage nor a post-regulator is needed at nominal conditions. The output voltage ripple appears notably minimized over 50% by means of current interleaving at full load. The chip occupies 1.44 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> in 65 nm CMOS and integrates with a 3D architecture for ultra-wide band system.
Balanced Super-resolution Optical Fluctuation Imaging (bSOFI) (2012)

Super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) achieves 3D super-resolution by computing higher-order cumulants of stochastically blinking fluorophores. In contrast to localization microscopy, SOFI is compatible with weakly emitting fluorophores and a wide range of blinking conditions. The main drawback of SOFI is the nonlinear response to brightness and blinking heterogeneities in the sample, which limits the use of higher cumulant orders. Balanced super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (bSOFI), extends SOFI by the combination of several cumulant orders to map fluorescence-related molecular statistics, such as molecular state lifetimes, concentrations and brightness distributions with super-resolution. Since these parameters are often linked to the chemical microenvironment of the fluorophores, they report on static differences and/or dynamic changes within cells and thus add a “functional” dimension to super-resolution microscopy based on stochastic switching. Furthermore, the information obtained can be used to correct for the nonlinear brightness and blinking response of cumulants. We show experimental results of Alexa647-labeled microtubules in fixed HeLa cells with an up to five-fold resolution improvement compared to diffraction-limited widefield microscopy. Using a total-internal-reflection illumination scheme, we obtain depth information through the estimation of the spatial distributions of the molecular brightness as well as the blinking on-ratio.
Use of image analysis to identify woody breast characteristics in 8-week-old broiler carcasses (2020)

Woody breast (WB) condition causes significant economic losses to the global poultry industry, and the lack of an objective and fast tool to identify this myopathy is a contributing factor. The aim of this study was to determine if there are broiler carcass conformation changes that can be used to identify WB characteristics using image analysis. Images of 8-wk-old male broiler carcasses (n = 544) of high breast-yielding strains were captured before evisceration, which were processed and analyzed using ImageJ software. Measurements were as follows: M0, breast length; M1, breast width in the cranial region; M2, one-fifth of the breast length starting at the tip of keel; M3, breast width at the end of M2; M4, angle formed at the tip of keel and extending to outer points of M3; M5, area of the triangle formed by M3 and lines generated by M4; M6, area of the breast above M3; and M7, M6 minus M5. Ratios of these measurements were also considered. Whole breast fillets were scored for WB severity based on tactile assessment and compression analysis to correlate them. Spearman's correlation coefficient (r<sub>s</sub>) between WB scores and compression force was highly significant (r<sub>s</sub> = 0.83, P < 0.01). Measurements M4 and M3 as well as ratios M9 (M3/M2) and M11 (M1/M0) had the highest correlation to the WB score (r<sub>s</sub> ≥ 0.70; P < 0.01) and compression force (r<sub>s</sub> ≥ 0.64; P < 0.01). The best validated model (generalized [Gen.] R<sup>2</sup> = 0.60) to predict WB included M1, M2, and M3. Using this model, 84% of broiler carcasses were correctly classified as WB or normal with a sensitivity of 82% to detect affected samples. Alternatively, M4 and M6 as well as ratios M9 and M11 could be considered as predictors in different models (Gen. R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.56). The same predictors were significant to estimate compression force (Gen. R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.49). These data support the use of image analysis to predict WB condition in broiler carcasses. The potential integration of these image measurements into commercial in-line vision grading systems would allow processors to sort broiler carcasses by WB severity.
Structure of a streptococcal adhesin carbohydrate receptor. (1990)

Interactions between complementary protein and carbohydrate structures on different genera of human oral bacteria have been implicated in the formation of dental plaque. The carbohydrate receptor on Streptococcus sanguis H1 (one of the primary colonizing species) that is specific for the adhesin on Capnocytophaga ochracea ATCC 33596 (a secondary colonizer) has been isolated from the streptococcal cell wall, purified, and structurally characterized. The hexasaccharide repeating unit of the polysaccharide was purified by reverse-phase, amino-bonded silica, and gel permeation high performance liquid chromatography. Earlier studies established that the repeating unit was a hexasaccharide composed of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose in the ration of 2:3:1, respectively. In the present study, determination of absolute configuration by gas chromatography of the trimethylsilyl (+)-2-butyl glycosides revealed that the rhamnose residues were of the L configuration while the hexoses were all D. 252Californium plasma desorption mass spectrometry of the native, the acetylated and the reduced and acetylated hexasaccharide determined that the molecular mass of the native hexasaccharide was 959, and that the 2 rhamnose residues were linked to each other at the nonreducing terminus of the linear molecule. Methylation analysis revealed the positions of the glycosidic linkages in the hexasaccharide and showed that a galactose residue was present at the reducing end. The structural characterization of the hexasaccharide was completed by one and two dimensional 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Complete 1H and 13C assignments for each glycosyl residue were established by two-dimensional (1H,1H) correlation spectroscopy, homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn, and (13C,1H) correlation experiments. The configurations of the glycosidic linkages were inferred from the chemical shifts and coupling constants of the anomeric 1H and 13C resonances. The sequence of the glycosyl residues was determined by a heteronuclear multiple bond correlation experiment. These data show that the structure of the hexasaccharide repeating unit derived from the cell wall polysaccharide of S. sanguis H1 is: alpha-L-Rhap-(1----2)-alpha-L-Rhap-(1----3)-alpha-D-Galp- (1----3)-beta-D-Galp-(1----4)-beta-D-Glcp-(1----3)-alpha/beta-D-Gal.
Carbon-nanopillar tubulization caused by liquidlike iron catalyst nanoparticles (2006)

Amorphous carbon nanopillars that we fabricated with electron-beam induced chemical vapor deposition were tublized by heating at 600°C-650°C in the presence of iron nanoparticles. The tublization process of the amorphous carbon nanopillar was observed in situ by using transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. A molten catalyst nanoparticle penetrated the amorphous carbon nanopillar, dissolving it and leaving a graphite track behind. The nanoparticle moved with its shape changing like the movement of an earthworm. Z-contrast images of the molten catalyst nanoparticle revealed that dissolved carbon atoms were diffused through its outer layer. The tubulization mechanism is a solid-quasiliquid-solid mechanism in which the carbon phase transformation is a kind of liquid phase graphitization of amorphous carbon catalyzed by liquefied metal-carbon alloy nanoparticles. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2006.401]
Effects of extrusion parameters and heat treatment on the linear thermal contraction of uranium-2. 4 weight percent niobium alloy (1982)

Uranium-2.4 wt % niobium (U-2.4Nb) alloy extruded rod was selected for an application which required a linear thermal contraction (LTC) in the transverse direction of 0.93 +- 0.05% on cooling from 600/sup 0/ to 22/sup 0/C. Six extrusion campaigns were conducted to establish the extrusion parameters that would produce extruded rod with this specification. Equipment to make the LTC measurements was calibrated and field tested. The LTC test procedures were developed and error analysis made to obtain the precision required. Extrusion parameters and stress-relieving heat treatments were determined such that extruded rod with acceptable LTC values could be produced if a portion of the front and rear of each rod was discarded.
Commercial active noise control solutions for aircraft—A variety of approaches (1998)

Today’s aerospace market is placing increasing emphasis on reducing noise and vibration to enhance passenger comfort. Lord offers high-performance active solutions for aircraft noise problems with its NVX active systems. There are currently over 50 Lord NVXTM Active Systems flying on a variety of aircraft around the world. These systems include active isolations sytems for the Cessna Citation X business jet, a pylon active structural control system for DC9 aircraft, and speaker-based active noise control systems for corporate turboprops. While the systems share many commonalties, they represent a variety of different approaches to the individual noise problems of these aircraft. Each of these problems requires a solution optimally designed for the application. During the presentation, the system components and general operation will be discussed. The benefits and limitations of these approaches will also be covered. How each system was optimized for its specific application will also be discussed. Numerous noise and vibration performance measurements will be presented. Further, the robustness and reliability of the various systems will be addressed.
Demethylavermectins. Biosynthesis, isolation and characterization. (1985)

Streptomyces avermitilis normally produces eight avermectins. Avermectin A components contain three methoxyl groups; two on the oleandrose disaccharide and one on the aglycone moiety at C5. Avermectin B components contain methoxyl groups only on the oleandrose disaccharide. Sinefungin inhibits methylation at all three sites. Addition of sinefungin to S. avermitilis Agly-1, a mutant which produces virtually only avermectin aglycone A components, alters the fermentation and causes an accumulation of avermectin aglycone B components. Addition of sinefungin to S. avermitilis 08, a high producing strain, results in accumulation of 8 new avermectins which lack methoxyl groups on the oleandrose moieties as well as the aglycone. These new avermectins were isolated and shown to possess anthelmintic and insecticidal activity.
Complementary Barrier Infrared Detector Architecture for Long-Wavelength Infrared InAs/InAsSb Type-II Superlattice (2022)

We describe the challenges for long- and very long-wavelength InAs/InAsSb type-II strained-layer superlattice infrared detectors, and provide an overview of progress in device architecture development for addressing them. Specifically, we have explored the complementary barrier infrared detector (CBIRD) that contains p-type InAs/InAsSb T2SLS absorbers for enhancing quantum efficiency, while also suppressing surface shunt current. We describe selected device results, and also provide references to additional results and more in-depth discussions.
Sink and Float Separation of Nonmagnetic Particles with Magnetic Fluid (2nd Report) (1979)

Two ferrite permanent magnets fixed on an iron yoke were arranged with suitable distance and angle. A nonmagnetic body placed in a magnetic fluid between these magnets receives a magnetic levitation force towards a minimum point of magnetic field. Thus the magnetic fluid could be regarded as dense medium suspension of high specific gravity.We reported about the separation of glass and porcelain in the first paper “Sink and Float Separation with Magnetic Fluid”. However, ceramic particles smaller than 5mm in diameter couldn't be separated satisfactory. Here, the relation between particle size and separation efficiency was investigated. Sphalerite, Pyrite and Galena whose size was from 3 to 100 mesh were used. Specific gravities are about 4.5 and 7.5 respectively. A water-base magnetic fluid was used as a medium.When put into this fluid, the mixture of those nonmagnetic minerals separated, except for particles smaller than a certain size. It was found that the lowest limit of the separation size depended upon the difference of specific gravity of them. And the smaller the difference was, the larger the limit size was. The principal reason for nonseparation of fine particles is that each nonmagnetic particle in the magnetic fluid under a magnetic field adheres to each other in the direction of the line of magnetic force. However, they repulse each other when positioned along the vertical direction of the line of magnetic force. In order to use this repulse force, we therefore constructed trial equipment to separate adhered particles by turning the cylinder in which the particles were placed in the magnetic fluid. As a result, we were able to separate the major portions of Pyrite and Sphalerite particles larger than 100 mesh size.
An Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Post Injection Strategies on Combustion and Emissions in the Low-Temperature Diesel Combustion Regime (2005)

In order to meet future emissions regulations, new combustion concepts are being developed. Among them, the development of low-temperature diesel combustion systems has received considerable attention. Low NOx emissions are achieved through minimization of peak temperatures occurring during the combustion process. Concurrently, soot formation is inhibited due to a combination of low combustion temperatures and extensive fuel-air pre-mixing. In this study, the effect of late-cycle mixing enhancement by post injection strategies on combustion and engine-out emissions in the low-temperature combustion regime was investigated experimentally and numerically. The baseline operating condition considered for low-temperature combustion was 1500 rev/min, 3bar IMEP with 50% EGR rate, and extension to high loads was considered by means of post injection. Post injection strategies gave very favorable emission results in the low temperature combustion regime at all loads. With small second fuel injected amounts, better soot emissions were found. However, the determination of the dwell between the injections was found to be very important for the emissions. Since post injection leads to late-cycle mixing improvement, further reductions in soot emissions were achieved without deteriorating the NOx emissions. To explain these results, numerical analysis was also done using the KIVA-CHEMKIN code. The simulations show that optimal combustion requires that the post injection fuel avoid fuel rich regions formed from the main injection.
Satisfying response time goals in transaction processing systems (1993)

This paper presents workload management algorithms for satisfying administration defined response time goals in transaction processing systems. Each arriving transaction belongs to a predefined. Transaction Class, and the system administrator defines an average response time goal for each transaction class. We present a dynamic transaction priority algorithm and a set of transaction routing algorithms for multiple processortransaction systems. These algorithms set priorities and route transactions based on the data objects accessed by the transactions, the current load of each system, and the goal satisfaction of the transaction classes. Our algorithms have low over-head and through a detailed simulation study we show that the algorithms substantially improve goal satisfaction compared to previous work.
High Performance Thermoelectricity in Earth‐Abundant Compounds Based on Natural Mineral Tetrahedrites (2012)

Abstract Thermoelectric materials can convert waste heat into electricity, potentially improving the efficiency of energy usage in both industry and everyday life. Unfortunately, known good thermoelectric materials often are comprised of elements that are in low abundance and require careful doping and complex synthesis procedures. Here, we report dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit near unity in compounds of the form Cu 12 ‐ x M x Sb 4 S 13 , where M is a transition metal such as Zn or Fe, for wide ranges of x . The compounds investigated here span the range of compositions of the natural mineral family of tetrahedrites, the most widespread sulfosalts on Earth, and we further show that the natural mineral itself can be used directly as an inexpensive source thermoelectric material. Thermoelectrics comprised of earth‐abundant elements will pave the way to many new, low cost thermoelectric energy generation opportunities.
An omni-directional walking pattern generation method for humanoid robots with quartic polynomials (2007)

This paper introduces an omni-directional walking pattern generation method according to various footprints for a humanoid robot. We propose three step modules for generating stable walking pattern based on zero moment point(ZMP) and linear inverted pendulum model. The proposed step module uses both the characteristics of periodicity and the least square method in order to reduce the fluctuation range of the ZMP trajectory according to various footprints. In order to implement it, the trajectory of the desired ZMP is designed with the quartic polynomials. This method is more insensitive to variation of the walking pattern owing to the initial value of the ZMP and CoM and various walking step length. And it makes more efficient trajectory of CoM on account of the slope of ZMP in the single support phase. The effectiveness of the propose method is verified by simulation.
Abstract 3048: A noncoding function of TYRP1 mRNA promotes melanoma growth (2017)

Abstract RNAs competition to bind miRNA has been proposed to influence biological systems whether these RNAs are implicated in diseases onset is unclear. Here, we report that TYRP1 mRNA, in addition to encoding tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1), indirectly governs cell proliferation by sequestering miR-16 on non-canonical miRNA response elements (MREs). Consequently, sequestered miR-16 is no longer able to repress its mRNA targets such as RAB17, which we show is involved in melanoma cell proliferation and invasion. Restoration of miR-16 tumor suppressor function can be achieved in vitro by silencing TYRP1 or increasing miR-16 expression levels. Importantly, TYRP1-dependent miR-16 sequestration can also be overcome in vivo using small oligonucleotides that mask miR-16 binding sites on TYRP1 mRNA. Together, our findings assign a pathogenic noncoding function to TYRP1 mRNA and underscore miRNA displacement as a new antimelanoma targeted therapeutic approach. Citation Format: Marie-Dominique Galibert, David Gilot, Mélodie Migault, Laura Bachelot, Fabrice Journé, Aljosja Rogiers, Emmanuelle Donnou-Fournet, Ariane Mogha, Nicolas Mouchet, Marie-Laure Pinel-Marie, Bernard Mari, Tristan Montier, Sébastien Corre, Arthur Gautron, Florian Rambow, Petra El Hajj, Rania Ben Jouira, Sophie Tartare-Deckert, Jean-Christophe Marine, Brice Felden, Ghanem Ghanem. A noncoding function of TYRP1 mRNA promotes melanoma growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3048. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3048
The Frequency Scaling Algortihm for Spotlight Processing (1998)

This paper presents a new processing algorithm for spotlight SAR data processing. After introducing the spotlight imaging mode, a very useful formulation for dechirped SAR signals in the range Doppler domain is proposed. A strategy for processing stripmap data in the spotlight mode is introduced.