gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In situ emulsion preswelling for holographic color control (1988)

Deliberate variations of emulsion thickness between holographic exposures and reconstruction produce a range of output wavelengths from a fixed exposure wavelength, a technique known as pseudocolor multicolor reflection holography. The usual methods require the removal of the film or plate from the holographic setup between exposures for imbibition of a swelling agent, followed by drying and replacement, so that retention of the swelling agent forces a physical increase in the thickness of the emulsion. However, the density (and hence the thickness) of the gelatin binder can also be varied by changing its electrolytic environment. By immersing the holographic emulsion in a suitable solution, allowing it to come to a new equilibrium thickness, and exposing it with a long-wavelength laser, shorter wavelength reconstructions can be obtained without removing the film or plate from the setup. Careful changes of solution can make a precise sequence of swellings possible, producing multiple reconstruction colors from a set of constant-wavelength recordings. Here we describe pretreatments of the emulsion that make rapid and stable equilibria possible and swelling bath sequences that produce color primaries suitable for full-color computer-graphic holographic imagery.
The Neuromodulator Adenosine Regulates Oligodendrocyte Migration at Motor Exit Point Transition Zones (2019)

During development, oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) migrate extensively throughout the spinal cord. However, their migration is restricted at transition zones (TZs). At these specialized locations, unique glial cells in both zebrafish and mice play a role in preventing peripheral OPC migration, but the mechanisms of this regulation are not understood. To elucidate the mechanisms that mediate OPC segregation at motor exit point (MEP) TZs, we performed an unbiased small-molecule screen. Using chemical screening and in vivo imaging, we discovered that inhibition of A2a adenosine receptors (ARs) causes ectopic OPC migration out of the spinal cord. We provide in vivo evidence that neuromodulation, partially mediated by adenosine, influences OPC migration specifically at the MEP TZ. This work opens exciting possibilities for understanding how OPCs reach their final destinations during development and identifies mechanisms that could promote their migration in disease.
Mechanically tunable focusing metamirror in the visible (2019)

A compact, flat lens with dynamically tunable focal length will be an essential component in advanced reconfigurable optical systems. One approach to realize a flat tunable lens is by utilizing metasurfaces, which are two-dimensional nanostructures capable of tailoring the wavefront of incident light. When a metasurface with a hyperboloidal phase profile, i.e., a metalens, is fabricated on a substrate that can be actuated, its focal length can be adjusted dynamically. Here, we design and realize the first reflection type, tunable metalens (i.e., metamirror) operating in the visible regime (670 nm). It is shown that the focal length can be continuously adjusted by up to 45% with a 0% to 20% lateral stretching of the substrate, while maintaining diffraction-limited focusing and high focusing efficiency. Our design as a flat optics element has potential in widespread applications, such as wearable mixed reality systems, biomedical instruments and integrated optics devices.
6-H single-crystal silicon carbide thermo-optic coefficient measurements for ultrahigh temperatures up to 1273 K in the telecommunications infrared band (2005)

6H single-crystal silicon carbide (SiC) is an excellent optical material for extremely high temperature applications. Furthermore, the telecommunication infrared band (e.g., 1500–1600 nm) is an eye safe and high commercial maturity optical technology. With this motivation, the thermo-optic coefficient ∂n∕∂T for 6H single-crystal SiC is experimentally measured and analyzed from near room temperature to a high temperature of 1273 K with data taken at the 1550 nm wavelength. Specifically, the natural étalon behavior of 6-H single-crystal SiC is exploited within a simple polarization-insensitive hybrid fiber-free-space optical interferometric system to take accurate and rapid optical power measurements leading to ∂n∕∂T data. The reported results are in agreement with the previously reported research at the lower &lt;600K temperatures.
Offshore Field Test of a New Integrated System for Real-Time Optimisation of the Drilling Process (2008)

Abstract A new drilling control system enhancement for real-time optimization and automation control has been installed on the rig and tested in passive mode in preparation for a full-scale drilling test. The testing has been performed on the Statfjord C platform in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. The aim of the field test is to demonstrate that the incorporation of real time calibrated process models in drilling control can make the drilling process more reliable, increase efficiency, and improve safety for the drilling crew and with regards to control of the drilling process. The system, described previously, performs continuous optimization of operational parameters using calibrated dynamic process models. Safe operational windows are calculated, and operational sequences are automatically optimized through forward model simulations. The results are applied to machine control in real-time, providing process safe-guards and increasing process efficiency. A thorough description of the preparations and passive testing is given. The final test results are to be evaluated based on success criteria developed prior to the test in cooperation with field operator and drilling contractors. The implications for the work organization are also discussed, particularly in relation to control of data input, decision making and responsibility. This technology will allow for direct integration of the know-how and best current practices into the drilling control system. Automated procedures and tests are to provide improved control of well conditions. Direct integration of process models shall enable safe optimization in the short time scale. And coupling the system to remote input will enable optimization in the long time scale, while built-in monitoring and diagnostics may ensure safe application of optimised parameters.
Modeling Attention and Memory for Auditory Selection in a Cocktail Party Environment (2018)

Developing a computational auditory model to solve the cocktail party problem has long bedeviled scientists, especially for a single microphone recording. Although recent deep learning based frameworks have made significant progress in multi-talker mixed speech separation, most existing deep learning based methods, focusing on separating all the speech channels rather than selectively attending the target speech and ignoring other sounds, may fail to offer a satisfactory solution in a complex auditory scene where the number of input sounds is usually uncertain and even dynamic. In this work, we employ ideas from auditory selective attention of behavioral and cognitive neurosciences and from recent advances of memory-augmented neural networks. Specifically, a unified Auditory Selection framework with Attention and Memory (dubbed ASAM) is proposed. Our ASAM first accumulates the prior knowledge (that is the acoustic feature to one specific speaker) into a life-long memory during the training phase, meanwhile a speech perceptor is trained to extract the temporal acoustic feature and update the memory online when a salient speech is given. Then, the learned memory is utilized to interact with the mixture input to attend and filter the target frequency out from the mixture stream. Finally, the network is trained to minimize the reconstruction error of the attended speech. We evaluate the proposed approach on WSJ0 and THCHS-30 datasets and the experimental results demonstrate that our approach successfully conducts two auditory selection tasks: the top-down task-specific attention (e.g. to follow a conversation with friend) and the bottom-up stimulus-driven attention (e.g. be attracted by a salient speech). Compared with deep clustering based methods, our method conducts competitive advantages especially in a real noise environment (e.g. street junction). Our code is available at https://github.com/jacoxu/ASAM.
Dual monoclonal antibody immunoassay for free prostate-specific antigen (1996)

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most important tumor marker for early detection and monitoring of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. PSA is also elevated in many patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The study of the serum PSA forms, free PSA (f-PSA) and PSA complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT), may improve the discrimination between PCa and BPH. An immunoassay specific for f-PSA is reported with very low cross-reactivity (0.7%) to PSA-ACT. Serum specimens from BPH and PCa patients (determined by biopsy) with PSA levels from < 1 to > 100 ng/ml were tested. No f-PSA was detected in serum specimens from normal females (N = 50). Low levels (0-0.3 ng/ml) were detected in specimens from healthy males (N = 60). In specimens from PCa and BPH patients, the f-PSA to total PSA ratio (f/t) was found to range from 1% to higher than 60%. While maintaining an 80% sensitivity for cancer, the f/t ratio improved specificity to approximately 80%, as compared to 55% for total PSA alone. The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis of the f/t ratio displayed a greater area under the plot (0.84) compared to total PSA alone (0.745). The results demonstrate that the f/t ratio significantly increases specificity for PCa detection compared to total PSA alone, showing the potential clinical value of the f-PSA immunoassay.
Making and breaking of the exciton in layered halide hybrid perovskites (2017)

International audience
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐Diamino‐5‐benzylpyrimidines and Analogues as Antibacterial Agents. Part 10. 2,4‐Diamino‐5‐(6‐quinolylmethyl)‐ and ‐((tetrahydro‐6‐quinolyl)methyl)pyrimidine Derivatives. Further Specifity Studies. (1990)

Abstract Coupling of the hydroxymethylpyrimidine (I) with the tetrahydroquinolines (II) under acidic conditions gives the quinolylmethylpyrimidines (III).
Spatial, temporal and subcellular localization of islet‐brain 1 (IB1), a homologue of JIP‐1, in mouse brain (2000)

Abstract Islet‐brain 1 (IB1) was recently identified as a DNA‐binding protein of the GLUT2 gene promoter. The mouse IB1 is the rat and human homologue of the Jun‐interacting protein 1 (JIP‐1) which has been recognized as a key player in the regulation of c‐Jun amino‐terminal kinase (JNK) mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. JIP‐1 is involved in the control of apoptosis and may play a role in brain development and aging. Here, IB1 was studied in adult and developing mouse brain tissue by in situ hybridization, Northern and Western blot analysis at cellular and subcellular levels, as well as by immunocytochemistry in brain sections and cell cultures. IB1 expression was localized in the synaptic regions of the olfactory bulb, retina, cerebral and cerebellar cortex and hippocampus in the adult mouse brain. IB1 was also detected in a restricted number of axons, as in the mossy fibres from dentate gyrus in the hippocampus, and was found in soma, dendrites and axons of cerebellar Purkinje cells. After birth, IB1 expression peaks at postnatal day 15. IB1 was located in axonal and dendritic growth cones in primary telencephalon cells. By biochemical and subcellular fractionation of neuronal cells, IB1 was detected both in the cytosolic and membrane fractions. Taken together with previous data, the restricted neuronal expression of IB1 in developing and adult brain and its prominent localization in synapses suggest that the protein may be critical for cell signalling in developing and mature nerve terminals.
Reconciling Utility with Privacy in Genomics (2014)

Direct-to-consumer genetic testing makes it possible for everyone to learn their genome sequences. In order to contribute to medical research, a growing number of people publish their genomic data on the Web, sometimes under their real identities. However, this is at odds not only with their own privacy but also with the privacy of their relatives. The genomes of relatives being highly correlated, some family members might be opposed to revealing any of the family's genomic data. In this paper, we study the trade-off between utility and privacy in genomics. We focus on the most relevant kind of variants, namely single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We take into account the fact that the SNPs of an individual contain information about the SNPs of his family members and that SNPs are correlated with each other. Furthermore, we assume that SNPs can have different utilities in medical research and different levels of sensitivity for individuals. We propose an obfuscation mechanism that enables the genomic data to be publicly available for research, while protecting the genomic privacy of the individuals in a family. Our genomic-privacy preserving mechanism relies upon combinatorial optimization and graphical models to optimize utility and meet privacy requirements. We also present an extension of the optimization algorithm to cope with the non-linear constraints induced by the correlations between SNPs. Our results on real data show that our proposed technique maximizes the utility for genomic research and satisfies family members' privacy constraints.
Photonic-crystal distributed-feedback lasers (2001)

The far-field emission characteristics and spectral purity of photonic-crystal distributed-feedback (PCDFB) lasers, in which the grating is defined on a two-dimensional lattice that is tilted with respect to the facets, are analyzed using a self-consistent time-domain simulation. It is shown that both conventional DFB and angled-grating DFB devices are special cases of the PCDFB laser, which combines and enhances the best features of each. The simulations project both high beam quality and high spectral purity out to pump stripes of width ≫100 μm.
Radiofrequency ground heating for soil remediation: Science and engineering (1994)

Abstract RF (radiofrequency) ground heating is a method of applying heat to soil at depth and affords a way of thermally desorbing organic contaminants for surface collection and destruction. Soil can be heated to high temperatures, and thus most organic contaminants, possibly including PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls), can be desorbed. Applied heat greatly accelerates release and transport of the contaminants through the soil. This method therefore represents an advance over the widely‐used method of vapor extraction. Laboratory desorption experiments demonstrate accelerated release of contaminants and non‐exponential desorption rates. Measurements of soil electrical properties show high electrical losses in iron ores (hematite and magnetite) and soils with some small salt content, which indicates a possible mechanism for RF energy deposition at high temperatures when all water has been removed from the soil. We have carried out a field test and have heated a volume to 140°C. Vacuum tube RF amplifiers are, in general, touchy and unreliable, and our 50 kW amplifier has broken down several times. We have been working on simple, inexpensive solid‐state amplifiers which can be combined to give multi‐kilowatt and, ultimately, megawatt power levels at lower cost per watt than vacuum tube amplifiers. The development of solid‐state RF power sources is important for a scaleup of RFGH systems, which should then be able to remediate, in a reasonable time, sites containing hundreds or thousands of tons of contaminated soil.
Requirement for the p75 TNF-α Receptor 2 in the Regulation of Airway Hyperresponsiveness by γδ T Cells (2002)

In a recent study, we found that TNF-alpha negatively regulates airway responsiveness through the activation of gammadelta T cells. The biological activities of TNF-alpha are mediated by two structurally related but functionally distinct receptors, p55 (TNFR1) and p75 (TNFR2), which are independently expressed on the cell surface. However, the relative importance of either TNFR in airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) is unknown. To investigate the importance of these TNFRs in the development of allergen-induced AHR, p55-deficient and p75-deficient mice were sensitized to OVA by i.p. injection and subsequently challenged with OVA via the airways; airway responsiveness to inhaled methacholine was monitored. p75-deficient mice developed AHR to a similar degree as control mice. In contrast, p55-deficient mice, which were sensitized and challenged with OVA, failed to develop AHR. In p55-deficient mice, both the numbers of eosinophils and levels of IL-5 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid were significantly lower than in sensitized/challenged control mice (p < 0.05). However, depletion of gammadelta T cells resulted in significant increases in AHR in the p55-deficient mice, whereas no significant effect of gammadelta T cell depletion was evident in the p75-deficient mice. These data indicate that, in the absence of TNFR1 (p55), where TNF-alpha uses the p75 pathway exclusively, the development of AHR is regulated by gammadelta T cells.
Confirmation of Multiple Crohn's Disease Susceptibility Loci in a Large Dutch–Belgian Cohort (2009)

We replicated genetic associations for CD with IL23R, ATG16L1, IRGM, NKX2-3, 1q24, 10q21, 5p13, and PTPN2 and report evidence for associations with HERC2 and CCNY. Pooling our data with the results of the WTCCC strengthened the results, suggesting genuine genetic associations. We show that a genetic risk profile can be constructed that is clinically useful and that can aid in making treatment decisions.
Expression of a divergent expansin gene is fruit-specific and ripening-regulated (1997)

Expansins are proteins that induce extension in isolated plant cell walls in vitro and have been proposed to disrupt noncovalent interactions between hemicellulose and cellulose microfibrils. Because the plant primary cell wall acts as a constraint to cell enlargement, this process may be integral to plant cell expansion, and studies of expansins have focused on their role in growth. We report the identification of an expansin (LeExp1) from tomato that exhibits high levels of mRNA abundance and is specifically expressed in ripening fruit, a developmental period when growth has ceased but when selective disassembly of cell wall components is pronounced. cDNAs closely related to LeExp1 were also identified in ripening melons and strawberries, suggesting that they are a common feature of fruit undergoing rapid softening. Furthermore, the sequence of LeExp1 and its homologs from other ripening fruit define a subclass of expansin genes. Expression of LeExp1 is regulated by ethylene, a hormone known to coordinate and induce ripening in many species. LeExp1 is differentially expressed in the ripening-impaired tomato mutants Nr, rin, and nor, and mRNA abundance appears to be influenced directly by ethylene and by a developmentally modulated transduction pathway. The identification of a ripening-regulated expansin gene in tomato and other fruit suggests that, in addition to their role in facilitating the expansion of plant cells, expansins may also contribute to cell wall disassembly in nongrowing tissues, possibly by enhancing the accessibility of noncovalently bound polymers to endogenous enzymic action.
Terahertz Frequency-domain Spectroscopy Referring to as Terahertz Frequency Comb (2007)

We proposed a high-accurate, high-resolution terahertz (THz) spectroscopy technique based on a THz frequency comb by combination of two mode-locked-frequency-stabilized femtosecond lasers and multi-frequency-heterodyning photoconductive detection.
Pulse Sequence Addressing for Gray-Scale Bistable Cholesteric Displays (2001)

In the study of the transition dynamics, we found that the reflectance of bistable cholesteric displays depended on the addressing sequence of the bipolar pulses. Two different pulse amplitudes corresponding to the high and low voltages about the quiescent point were chosen. By a proper permutation of such pulses, the final reflectance of even difference could be obtained for gray-scale display applications. In contrast with the root-mean-square (rms) modulation techniques, this scheme proposed for the first time does not primarily depend on the rms voltage. In this paper, we study the electro-optics and the domain characteristics, and propose a phenomenological proposition to describe this effect. We shall also extend our previous driving scheme to demonstrate the gray-scale control at 5 ms/line addressing.
A sinteractive Ni–BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ composite membrane for hydrogen separation (2014)

BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ (BZY) is an excellent candidate material for hydrogen permeation membranes due to its high bulk proton conductivity, mechanical robustness, and chemical stability in H2O- and CO2-containing environments. Unfortunately, the use of BZY as a separation membrane has been greatly restrained by its highly refractory nature, poor grain boundary proton conductivity, high number of grain boundaries resulting from limited grain growth during sintering, as well as low electronic conductivity. These problems can be resolved by the fabrication of a Ni–BZY composite membrane with large BZY grains, which requires the development of a sinteractive Ni–BaZr0.8Y0.2O3−δ materials system. In this work, Ni–BZY composite membranes have been fabricated by three methods: (i) a combined EDTA-citric method, (ii) a solid state reactive sintering method, and (iii) a solid state reaction method. The effects of different fabrication methods on the sintering activity, microstructure, and phase composition have been systematically investigated by dilatometry, scanning electron microscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. After reduction, only Ni–BZY membranes prepared through the solid state reaction method were observed to be dense with large BZY grains (∼1 μm). It has been found that the densification and grain growth of Ni–BZY composite membranes were controlled by the method and sequence of NiO introduction during composite membrane processing. After process optimization, a 0.44 mm-thick Ni–BZY dense composite membrane was fabricated using the solid state reaction method which exhibited a hydrogen flux of 4.3 × 10−8 mol cm−2 s−1 in wet 40% H2 at 900 °C, significantly higher than those of non-BaCeO3-based hydrogen separation membranes.
A limited search variant of the tree-search detector (2002)

A limited search variant of the fixed delay tree-search detector is described for recovery of digital signals corrupted with intersymbol interference and additive noise. The limited search algorithm uses a variant of the equalizer decision device, a simple slicer, to reduce the number of paths that are considered by the tree-search detector from M/sup D+1/ to D+1 paths, significantly reducing the complexity of the tree-search detector. Simulation results are provided that show the new detector suffers a nearly negligible loss in performance, compared to that of the full fixed delay tree-search, due to the path reduction.
A post-processing algorithm for compressed digital camera images (2002)

Digital cameras generally produce color images by placing color filters on monochrome sensors. The sensor produces one color at each location, and the other two color values for that location are interpolated. A lossy compression stage, using a coder such as JPEG, often follows. For a fixed interpolation algorithm, the color interpolation stage enforces a spatial dependence among pixels. We show how we may exploit this dependence to reduce the compression noise. This is achieved using the algorithm of projection on convex sets. For a fixed compression scheme we can also attempt to find the interpolation method that minimises the compression noise in the original data, and we show an approach to solving this problem.