gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flat-panel thermal infrared scene generator (1994)

For over two decades, researchers have investigated a wide variety of technologies for use as a real-time infrared scene generator. During the past several years, the most promising technology to meet the myriad of applications appears to be the silicon micromachined resistive-array approach. Each thermal pixel is created by a micro-scale resistor. The present investigation reports the results achieved by using the standard commercial CMOS foundry process, rather than a costly custom CMOS process, to produce the chip and the subsequent post-foundry etching. Both chip-level and pixel-specific electronics are readily included on the chip since IC technology is employed. Principles used in device architecture formulation, chip design, and fabrication of large arrays of these thermal pixels are discussed. Experimental results of recent array designs are presented and illustrate that low-cost, high-performance flat- panel thermal infrared displays are now viable and practicable.
Rapid Assessment Of The Fundamental Property Variation Of Wood (2002)

Genetic variation, site conditions, silvicultural treatments, seasonal effects, and their complex interaction are all vitally-important factors accounting for the variability and quality of the raw material produced wood. Quality can be measured in several ways that generally influence the end use. The most desirable measure is the fundamental properties. The physical properties and strength characteristics at selected locations in the bole have been determined for three loblolly pine trees obtained from the Crossett Experimental Forest (Crossett, AR). The range and variation of properties within and between the trees has been summarized in the form of wood property maps. The creation of such property maps via traditional test methods require much time and expense. However, a new rapid assessment technique combining near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy with multivariate statistical techniques to predict these fundamental properties has shown great potential. This paper introduces the application of this developing methodology to wood quality issues by highlighting early results from a larger program that will define the range of properties for southern pine. The results from the standard test methods have been compared with those predicted from NIR spectra/multivariate analysis, and have been shown to provide excellent correlations. 1Research Scientist, Research Scientist, Project Leader, USDA-Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Pineville, LA; Research Scientist, BioComposites Center, Bangor, Wales; Senior Chemist, Senior Chemist, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, respectively. Citation for proceedings: Outcalt, Kenneth W., ed. 2002. Proceedings of the eleventh biennial southern silvicultural research conference. Gen. Tech. Rep. SRS–48. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 622 p.
Re-Translation Strategies For Long Form, Simultaneous, Spoken Language\n Translation (2019)

We investigate the problem of simultaneous machine translation of long-form\nspeech content. We target a continuous speech-to-text scenario, generating\ntranslated captions for a live audio feed, such as a lecture or play-by-play\ncommentary. As this scenario allows for revisions to our incremental\ntranslations, we adopt a re-translation approach to simultaneous translation,\nwhere the source is repeatedly translated from scratch as it grows. This\napproach naturally exhibits very low latency and high final quality, but at the\ncost of incremental instability as the output is continuously refined. We\nexperiment with a pipeline of industry-grade speech recognition and translation\ntools, augmented with simple inference heuristics to improve stability. We use\nTED Talks as a source of multilingual test data, developing our techniques on\nEnglish-to-German spoken language translation. Our minimalist approach to\nsimultaneous translation allows us to easily scale our final evaluation to six\nmore target languages, dramatically improving incremental stability for all of\nthem.\n
Acoustic VTI wave equations and their application for anisotropic reverse‐time migration (2008)

We present wave equations for modeling and reverse‐time migration in acoustic VTI media, derived directly from Hooke's law and the equations of motion. The resulting set of five first‐order differential equations in the three particle velocity components and two independent stress components involves no approximations apart from the acoustic VTI approximation itself and allows handling variable density in a natural way. We use these equations as the basis for an anisotropic reverse‐time migration implementation, which we demonstrate on a synthetic data example, for which we compare isotropic and anisotropic migration results.
Estimation and compensation of ultrasonic wavefront distortion using a blind system identification method (2002)

A common random input filter model is described for estimation and correction of wavefront aberration in ultrasonic b-scan imaging. In the model, aberration between the focus and the transducer elements is represented by the response of a linear filter bank to a common random signal. The response of each filter in the bank is found using a two-level extension of an existing subspace method for blind system identification. The receive waveforms are compensated using an inverse filter, and the transmit waveforms are predistorted using time reversal. To test the model, experiments were conducted using a two-dimensional array system to obtain echoes from a point reflector and from a random medium in each case through an aberrator. The aberrator is a phantom that mimics wavefront distortion produced by human abdominal wall, and the random medium is made to mimic ultrasonic characteristics of human liver. The results indicate the method can improve both the transmit and the receive focus and can outperform time-shift estimation and compensation as well as the method of backpropagation followed by timeshift estimation and compensation.
Scalable Fast Scheduling for Optical Flow Switching Using Sampled Entropy and Mutual Information Broadcast (2014)

Optical flow switching is a promising architecture to service large transactions of end users with cost-effective and power-efficient direct access to all-optical networks. For dynamic sessions that are bursty, unscheduled, and only require short transmission times at the full rate of a single wavelength (approximately ones to tens of seconds), the network management and control effort can be substantial, even unimplementable if fast booking and initiation of flow service is needed. In this paper, we describe a fast scheduling algorithm that sets up end-to-end connections for users with urgent large transactions with a scheduling delay of slightly more than one round-trip time. This fast setup of connections is achieved by probing multiple lightpaths between the source and the destination. Probing multiple lightpaths is necessary for moderate to high network loads to achieve low blocking probability. However, the network burden of network-state updates and computational complexity of scheduling can be overwhelming and make the algorithm hard to scale to large networks. With the help of information about network regions periodically updated in the form of sampled entropy and mutual information of the network states, the required efforts can be substantially reduced. To minimize probing efforts and avoid unnecessarily tying up network resources, we use a modified Bellman–Ford Algorithm (Entropy–BF) to select the fewest lightpaths for probing that can satisfy a service-level-blocking probability agreement between the user and the network provider. By collapsing details of network states into scalar parameters for average entropy and mutual information, we can greatly reduce both the amount of network-state information collected and/or disseminated and the computation complexity of the lightpath selection process of the probing algorithm. The algorithm is also robust to variations of traffic statistics because it does not depend on detailed assumptions about the statistical model of the traffic, which is often unknown and highly variable in real networks. The throughput performance of this access protocol can be kept high while the network-state protocol burden and computation efforts are reduced by orders of magnitude.
Diffusion immunoassay for protein analytes (2003)

The diffusion immunoassay, a new microfluidic assay technique, may be an enabling technology for the development of point-of-care immunoassay systems. We have previously described this novel, clinically significant, quantitative, immunoassay technique based on the differences in the diffusivity of an analyte and the complex of that analyte and a specific antibody; it assayed phenytoin in whole blood. In this report, DIAs for two model protein analytes - horseradish peroxidase and IgG - are described. The key parameters in the DIA and how they interact to change the performance of the DIA when proteins are the analytes are discussed. Simulations for several protein DIAs and preliminary results that suggest that the simulations are accurate are presented. Several methods for increasing, the signal are discussed and simulated.
Photon-Flooded Single-Photon 3D Cameras (2019)

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are starting to play a pivotal role in the development of photon-efficient, long-range LiDAR systems. However, due to non-linearities in their image formation model, a high photon flux (e.g., due to strong sunlight) leads to distortion of the incident temporal waveform, and potentially, large depth errors. Operating SPADs in low flux regimes can mitigate these distortions, but, often requires attenuating the signal and thus, results in low signal-to-noise ratio. In this paper, we address the following basic question: what is the optimal photon flux that a SPAD-based LiDAR should be operated in? We derive a closed form expression for the optimal flux, which is quasi-depth-invariant, and depends on the ambient light strength. The optimal flux is lower than what a SPAD typically measures in real world scenarios, but surprisingly, considerably higher than what is conventionally suggested for avoiding distortions. We propose a simple, adaptive approach for achieving the optimal flux by attenuating incident flux based on an estimate of ambient light strength. Using extensive simulations and a hardware prototype, we show that the optimal flux criterion holds for several depth estimators, under a wide range of illumination conditions.
Computer-aided detection of clustered microcalcifications (2003)

A computerized technique is being developed to automatically detect clustered microcalcifications on digital mammograms. The method consists of three steps. First the signal-to-noise ratio of microcalcifications is enhanced by filtering the image to reduce the normal background structure of the mammogram. Second, signals (potential microcalcifications) are identified by means of global grey-level thresholding, morphological erosion, and a local adaptive grey-level thresholding. Third, the number of falsely detected signals is reduced by examining the power spectrum of individual signals, determining the spatial distribution of the signals, and examining the relationship between size, shape, and background pixel value of microcalcifications. Using this approach, the computer scheme was tested using 78 mammograms, half containing subtle clusters of microcalcifications and half containing no clusters. The scheme was capable of detecting 87% of true clusters with, on average, two false clusters detected per image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sidewall Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Hydroxyl Group-Terminated Moieties (2004)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with the OH group-terminated moieties (“hydroxyl nanotubes”) have been prepared by fluorine displacement reactions of fluoronanotubes with a series of diols and glycerol in the presence of alkali, LiOH, NaOH, or KOH or with amino alcohols in the presence of Py as a catalyst. The “hydroxyl nanotubes” were characterized by optical spectroscopy (Raman, ATR-FTIR, UV−vis−NIR), electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thermal degradation (TGA and VTP-MS) materials characterization methods. The degree of sidewall functionalization in the prepared SWNT derivatives was estimated to be in the range of 1 in 15 to 25 carbons, depending on derivatization method and alcohol reagent used. The hydroxyl nanotubes form stable suspension solutions in polar solvents, such as water, ethanol, and dimethylformamide, which facilitate their improved processing in copolymers and ceramics nanofabrication and provide for compatibility with biomaterials.
Connecting users across social media sites (2013)

People use various social media for different purposes. The information on an individual site is often incomplete. When sources of complementary information are integrated, a better profile of a user can be built to improve online services such as verifying online information. To integrate these sources of information, it is necessary to identify individuals across social media sites. This paper aims to address the cross-media user identification problem. We introduce a methodology (MOBIUS) for finding a mapping among identities of individuals across social media sites. It consists of three key components: the first component identifies users' unique behavioral patterns that lead to information redundancies across sites; the second component constructs features that exploit information redundancies due to these behavioral patterns; and the third component employs machine learning for effective user identification. We formally define the cross-media user identification problem and show that MOBIUS is effective in identifying users across social media sites. This study paves the way for analysis and mining across social media sites, and facilitates the creation of novel online services across sites.
Gaussian pulse-induced imperfect rephasing in coherent transients (2017)

A double-rephasing photon-echo (DRPE) scheme inherently satisfies no-population inversion condition for quantum memory applications, while the resultant absorptive coherence prohibits echo radiation out of the medium. To solve the absorptive echo problem in the DRPE scheme, a controlled double-rephasing echo protocol has been presented and discussed for the collective atom phase control. In the DRPE scheme, however, a typical Gaussian light can cause imperfect rephasing processes resulting in a partial emission of photon echoes. Here, the rephasing process of individual ensemble atoms is thoroughly investigated to discuss the unpermitted echo observations in the DRPE scheme, where its maximum efficiency is as high as 26% in amplitude.
Prestack Rank-Reduction-Based Noise Suppression: Practise (2009)

Summary Prestack random-noise suppression is a difficult problem in land seismic processing. A companion paper in this conference describes the theory behind a family of rank-reduction methods applied in the constantfrequency domain. These methods, which include eigenimage, Cadzow, and hybrid filters, have properties which appear ideal for performing prestack noise suppression. Here we show how to apply these methods in practise to improve signal-to-noise and prepare data for AVO analysis.
Superior Pillared Clay Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Oxides for Power Plant Emission Control (2000)

Fe(3+)-, Cr(3+)-, Cu(2+)-, Mn(2+)-, Co(2+)-, and Ni(2+)-exchanged Al2O3-pillared interlayer clay (PILC) or TiO2-PILC catalysts are investigated for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitric oxide by ammonia in the presence of excess oxygen. Fe(3+)-exchanged pillared clay is found to be the most active. The catalytic activity of Fe-TiO2-PILC could be further improved by the addition of a small amount of cerium ions or cerium oxide. H2O and SO2 increase both the activity and the product selectivity to N2. The maximum activity on the Ce-Fe-TiO2-PILC is more than 3 times as active as that on a vanadium catalyst. Moreover, compared to the V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst, the Fe-TiO2-PILC catalysts show higher N2/N2O product selectivities and substantially lower activities (by approximately 85%) for SO2 oxidation to SO3 under the same reaction conditions. A 100-hr run in the presence of H2O and SO2 for the CeO2/Fe-TiO2-PILC catalyst showed no decrease in activity.
Analog/RF Built-in-Self-Test Subsystem for a Mobile Broadcast Video Receiver in 65-nm CMOS (2011)

A built-in-self-test (BIST) subsystem embedded in a 65-nm mobile broadcast video receiver is described. The subsystem is designed to perform analog and RF measurements at multiple internal nodes of the receiver. It uses a distributed network of CMOS sensors and a low bandwidth, 12-bit A/D converter to perform the measurements with a serial bus interface enabling a digital transfer of measured data to automatic test equipment (ATE). A perturbation/correlation based BIST method is described, which makes pass/fail determination on parts, resulting in significant test time and cost reduction.
pH-Induced Softening of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules without Apparent Swelling (2016)

Polyelectrolyte microcapsules represent a versatile platform to encapsulate and release active ingredients. Understanding the effect of environmental conditions on the mechanical properties of microcapsules is critically important for enabling their applications under various settings. In this report, we investigate the effect of solution pH on the mechanical properties of polyelectrolyte microcapsules made of two weak polyelectrolytes (poly(acrylic acid) and branched poly(ethylenimine)), formed via recently introduced nanoscale interfacial complexation in emulsion (NICE). Interestingly, the stiffness of the NICE microcapsule shell is reduced significantly (by 2 orders of magnitude) when the solution pH is raised from 2 to 6 even though there is little change in the size of microcapsules. These seemingly counterintuitive results suggest that the molecular structure of NICE microcapsules may be different from those of conventional polyelectrolyte microcapsules. The possibility of tuning the shell stiffness without inducing significant changes in the microcapsule size could offer unique advantages in practical applications.
Sickle red blood cells accumulate in tumor (2003)

The preferential accumulation of sickle blood cells in tumor vasculature is demonstrated noninvasively using MRI and sickle red blood cells loaded with Gd-DTPA and invasively by two other techniques. The distribution of red blood cells in rat brain tumors relative to normal brains were measured using three separate techniques: MRI of Gd-DTPA loaded cells, fluorescent microscopy detection of Oregon Green 488 fluorescence conjugated to a streptavidin-biotin complex that binds to red blood cell surface proteins, and autoradiography using a technetium (99m)Tc-labeling kit. Labeled red cells were infused intravenously in rats with brain tumors. Sickle cells preferentially accumulated in tumor relative to normal brain, with highest concentrations near the tumor / normal tissue boundary, whereas control normal red cells did not preferentially aggregate at the tumor periphery. This demonstrates the potential of sickle red blood cells to accumulate in the abnormal tumor vessel network, and the ability to detect their aggregation noninvasively and at high spatial resolution using MRI. The application of the noninvasive measurement of sickle cells for imaging tumor neovasculature, or as a delivery tool for therapy, requires further study.
ChemInform Abstract: DEVELOPMENT OF SILVER‐PALLADIUM ALLOY PLATING FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACT APPLICATIONS (1985)

Abstract Mit einem Elektrolyse‐Bad der Zusammensetzung 500g LiCl, 12 g AgCl, 3 g PdCl 2 , 20ml HCl und 1 l H 2 O wurden elektroplattierte Ag‐Pd‐Legierungen mit 40‐70% Ag erhalten, die bez. ihrer Eigenschaften als kostengünstiger Ersatz für Hartgold‐Kontakte dienen könnten.
Coincident light and clock regulation of <i>pseudoresponse regulator protein 37</i> ( <i>PRR37</i> ) controls photoperiodic flowering in sorghum (2011)

Optimal flowering time is critical to the success of modern agriculture. Sorghum is a short-day tropical species that exhibits substantial photoperiod sensitivity and delayed flowering in long days. Genotypes with reduced photoperiod sensitivity enabled sorghum's utilization as a grain crop in temperate zones worldwide. In the present study, Ma(1), the major repressor of sorghum flowering in long days, was identified as the pseudoresponse regulator protein 37 (PRR37) through positional cloning and analysis of SbPRR37 alleles that modulate flowering time in grain and energy sorghum. Several allelic variants of SbPRR37 were identified in early flowering grain sorghum germplasm that contain unique loss-of-function mutations. We show that in long days SbPRR37 activates expression of the floral inhibitor CONSTANS and represses expression of the floral activators Early Heading Date 1, FLOWERING LOCUS T, Zea mays CENTRORADIALIS 8, and floral induction. Expression of SbPRR37 is light dependent and regulated by the circadian clock, with peaks of RNA abundance in the morning and evening in long days. In short days, the evening-phase expression of SbPRR37 does not occur due to darkness, allowing sorghum to flower in this photoperiod. This study provides insight into an external coincidence mechanism of photoperiodic regulation of flowering time mediated by PRR37 in the short-day grass sorghum and identifies important alleles of SbPRR37 that are critical for the utilization of this tropical grass in temperate zone grain and bioenergy production.
Beyond Alhazen's problem: Analytical projection model for non-central catadioptric cameras with quadric mirrors (2011)

Catadioptric cameras are widely used to increase the field of view using mirrors. Central catadioptric systems having an effective single viewpoint are easy to model and use, but severely constraint the camera positioning with respect to the mirror. On the other hand, non-central catadioptric systems allow greater flexibility in camera placement, but are often approximated using central or linear models due to the lack of an exact model. We bridge this gap and describe an exact projection model for non-central catadioptric systems. We derive an analytical `forward projection' equation for the projection of a 3D point reflected by a quadric mirror on the imaging plane of a perspective camera, with no restrictions on the camera placement, and show that it is an 8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> degree equation in a single unknown. While previous non-central catadioptric cameras primarily use an axial configuration where the camera is placed on the axis of a rotationally symmetric mirror, we allow off-axis (any) camera placement. Using this analytical model, a non-central catadioptric camera can be used for sparse as well as dense 3D reconstruction similar to perspective cameras, using well-known algorithms such as bundle adjustment and plane sweeping. Our paper is the first to show such results for off-axis placement of camera with multiple quadric mirrors. Simulation and real results using parabolic mirrors and an off-axis perspective camera are demonstrated.