gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Response of Neutron Area Monitor with Silicon Semiconductor Detector. (1993)

Abstract A prototype neutron area monitor with a silicon semiconductor detector has been developed which has the energy response of 1 cm dose equivalent recommended by the 1CRP-26. Boron and proton radiators are coated on the surface of the silicon semiconductor detector. The detector is set at the center of a cylindrical polyethylene moderator. This moderator is covered by a porous cadmium board which serves as the thermal neutron absorber. Neutrons are detected as α-particles generated by the nuclear reaction 10B(n, α)7Li and as recoil protons generated by the interaction of fast neutrons with hydrogen. The neutron energy response of the monitor was measured using thermal neutrons and monoenergetic fast neutrons generated by an accelerator. The response was consistent with the 1cm dose equivalent response required for the monitor within ±34% in the range of 0.025–15 MeV.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE AGENTS. POTENT IMMUNOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME BENZOTHIOPYRANO(4,3‐C)PYRAZOL‐3‐ONES (1981)

Abstract Die Herstellung der Benzothiopyranopyrazol‐3‐ one (III) aus dem Ketoester (I) und den Hydrazinen (II) wird beschrieben.
Pulse generating lasers for telecom applications (2003)

We give an overview on recently developed laser sources generating tunable picosecond pulses with repetition rates of 10-40 GHz in the 1.5-µm spectral region. These sources are particularly interesting for telecom applications.
Anomaly-free incremental output in stream processing (2008)

Continuous queries enable alerts, predictions, and early warning in various domains such as health care, business process monitoring, financial applications, and environment protection. Currently, the consistency of the result cannot be assessed by the application, since only the query processor has enough internal information to determine when the output has reached a consistent state. To our knowledge, this is the first paper that addresses the problem of consistency under the assumptions and constraints of a continuous query model. In addition to defining an appropriate consistency notion, we propose techniques for guaranteeing consistency. We implemented the proposed techniques in our existing stream engine, and we report on the characteristics of the observed performance. As we show, these methods are practical as they impose only a small overhead on the system.
Distance Until Charge prediction and fuel economy impact for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles (2011)

For a Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicle (PHEV) a close to linear battery depletion profile is near optimal in terms of fuel economy, given that the driven Distance Until Charge (DUC) is known. However the intended driven distance until charge is not always known. We propose a pattern recognition method to predict the DUC based on the key-on time and day observations and the on-board stored data in vehicle. We review the energy management strategy and we show a fuel economy improvement despite prediction errors.
An 8 channel parallel transmit system with current sensor feedback for MRI-guided interventional applications (2021)

<i>Background.</i>Parallel transmit (pTx) has introduced many benefits to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with regard to decreased specific absorption rates and improved transmit field homogeneity, of particular importance in applications at higher magnetic field strengths. PTx has also been proposed as a solution to mitigating dangerous RF induced heating of elongated conductive devices such as those used in cardiac interventions. In this work we present a system that can augment a conventional scanner with pTx, in particular for use in interventional MRI for guidewire safety, by adjusting the amplitude and phase of each channel right before the start of the imaging pulses.<i>Methods.</i>The pTx system was designed to work in-line with a 1.5 T MRI while the RF synthesis and imaging control was maintained on the host MR scanner. The add-on pTx system relies on the RF transmit signal, unblanking pulse, and a protocol driven trigger from the scanner. The RF transmit was split into multiple fully modulated transmit signals to drive an array of custom transceiver coils. The performance of the 8-channel implementation was tested with regards to active and real-time control of RF induced currents on a standard guidewire, heating mitigation tests, and anatomical imaging in sheep.<i>Results</i>. The pTx system was intended to update RF shims in real-time and it was demonstrated that the safe RF shim could be determined while the guidewire is moved. The anatomical imaging demonstrated that cardiac anatomy and neighbouring superficial structures could be fully characterized with the pTx system inline.<i>Conclusion.</i>We have presented the design and performance of a real-time feedback control pTx system capable of adding such capabilities to a conventional MRI with the focus of guidewire imaging in cardiac interventional MRI applications.
Directional, enhanced fluorescence from molecules near a periodic surface (1994)

We extend the research of Holland and Hall on the use of waveguide modes to enhance the fluorescent signal from a layer of molecules [Opt. Lett. 10,414 (1985)] by incorporating a grating into the basic sample structure. Our measurements show that the combination of the directionality imposed by the grating and the previously reported enhancement mechanism has the effect of increasing the intensity of the signal detected over a narrow angular range from a layer of fluorescing molecules by a factor of ~ 1000 over that from a reference sample. Simultaneously our method allows for both polarization and wavelength discrimination of the emitted radiation because of the characteristic nature of the incorporated grating.
Finding Genes for Bipolar Disorder in the Functional Genomics Era: From Convergent Functional Genomics to Phenomics and Back (2002)

Psychiatric genetics, while promising to unravel the mechanisms of psychiatric disorders, has proven to be a challenging field. Psychiatric disorders, like other common genetic traits, are complex and heterogeneous. Psychiatric genetics has also suffered from a lack of quantifiable, biology-based phenotypes. However, the field is currently at an opportune moment. The work of various investigators is on the verge of paying rich dividends. Efforts at positional cloning are being greatly accelerated by the fruits of the Human Genome Project. New tools of functional genomics, such as expression profiling and proteomics, are being applied to animal models. These two methods can complement each other in an approach we have termed convergent functional genomics. Lastly, improvements in the measurement of biologically distinct endophenotypes--or phenomic--will lead to a better understanding of the mapping of genes to phenotypes in both animal and human systems.
Use of recombinant HCV antigen in the serodiagnosis of hepatitis C virus infection: Significant improvement in HCV antibody detection as compared with the first generation HCV C100‐3 ELISA and the synthetic peptide EIA tests (1993)

Abstract Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be detected by using immunoassay techniques that measure reactivity to viral protein antigens. In this study seven discreet proteins derived from HCV genomic coding sequences have been expressed, purified and characterized. Six proteins represent the structural regions of the core (C22‐3), the envelope (E1 and E2), and the non‐structural regions NS3 (C33C), NS3–NS4 (C100‐3) and NS5. The seventh, C25, is a chimeric fusion protein containing C33C, C100‐3 and C22‐3 regions. Using these recombinant proteins, multi‐antigen radioimmunoassays and enzyme immunoassays (EIA) were designed. The fusion protein, C25, was demonstrated to be an improved antigen for serodiagnosis of HCV antibody. Use of the C25 protein accelerated HCV antibody detection by 3–46 weeks in non‐A, non‐B hepatitis seroconversion cases and significantly increased the rate of detection in a paid donor population by 20%. The C25 assay also demonstrated excellent specificity in 2446 randomly selected low prevalence samples. The repeated reactive rate in this group of samples was 0.5%. Samples from volunteer blood donors pre‐selected for repeat reactivity with the first generation C100‐3‐based HCV antibody tests ( n = 175) were tested using the C25 assay. The C25 assay detected 37.7% samples as reactive and 53.1% samples as non‐reactive. This result was in agreement with all other supplementary tests that include RIBA TM , multi‐antigen assay, Abbott neutralization and peptide assay. The other 9.2% samples were classified as ‘indeterminant’ because these samples were only partially in agreement with some of the above supplementary tests. The C25 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with its improved assay sensitivity, can identify additional HCV antibody reactive cases in both hepatocellular carcinoma and cryptogenic cirrhosis patients. The C25 and multi‐antigen EIA assays were used to investigate the vertical transmission of HCV. It was observed that these improved assays are able to detect antibodies in a vertical transmission case. The C25 ELISA was also compared with a synthetic peptide assay. The C25 assay was found to be superior to the peptide assay that performed poorly in the detection of the C33C only reactive samples.
Inhibiting the transcription factor HSF1 as an anticancer strategy (2009)

It is likely that within the next 5 years usable inhibitors of HSF1 will be identified and in early pre-clinical evaluation.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of a Novel Class of Small Molecular Weight Peptidomimetic Competitive Inhibitors of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (2001)

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) negatively regulates insulin signaling in part by dephosphorylating key tyrosine residues within the regulatory domain of the β-subunit of the insulin receptor (IR), thereby attenuating receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Inhibition of PTP1B is therefore anticipated to improve insulin resistance and has recently become the focus of discovery efforts aimed at identifying new drugs to treat type II diabetes. We previously reported that the tripeptide Ac-Asp-Tyr(SO3H)-Nle-NH2 is a surprisingly effective inhibitor of PTP1B (Ki = 5 μM). With the goal of improving the stability and potency of this lead, as well as attenuating its peptidic character, an analogue program was undertaken. Specific elements of the initial phase of this program included replacement of the N- and C-termini with non-amino acid components, modification of the tyrosine subunit, and replacement of the tyrosine sulfate with other potential phosphate mimics. The most potent analogue arising from this effort was triacid 71, which inhibits PTP1B competitively with a Ki = 0.22 μM without inhibiting SHP-2 or LAR at concentrations up to 100 μM. Overall, the inhibitors generated in this work showed little or no enhancement of insulin signaling in cellular assays. However, potential prodrug triester 70 did induce enhancements in 2-deoxyglucose uptake into two different cell lines with concomitant augmentation of the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of insulin-signaling molecules. Key elements of the overall SAR reported herein include confirmation of the effectiveness and remarkable PTP1B-specificity of the novel tyrosine phosphate bioisostere, O-carboxymethyl salicylic acid; demonstration that the tyrosine skeleton is optimal relative to closely related structures; replacement of the p-1 aspartic acid with phenylalanine with little effect on activity; and demonstration that inhibitory activity can be maintained in the absence of an N-terminal carboxylic acid. An X-ray cocrystal structure of an analogue bearing a neutral N-terminus (69) bound to PTP1B is reported that confirms a mode of binding similar to that of peptidic substrates.
Insulin receptor antibody‐iduronate 2‐sulfatase fusion protein: Pharmacokinetics, anti‐drug antibody, and safety pharmacology in Rhesus monkeys (2014)

Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) Type II is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the lysosomal enzyme, iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS). The majority of MPSII cases affect the brain. However, enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant IDS does not treat the brain, because IDS is a large molecule drug that does not cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To enable BBB penetration, IDS has been re-engineered as an IgG-IDS fusion protein, where the IgG domain is a monoclonal antibody (MAb) against the human insulin receptor (HIR). The HIRMAb crosses the BBB via receptor-mediated transport on the endogenous BBB insulin receptor, and the HIRMAb domain of the fusion protein acts as a molecular Trojan horse to ferry the fused IDS into brain from blood. The present study reports on the first safety pharmacology and pharmacokinetics study of the HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein. Juvenile male Rhesus monkeys were infused intravenously (IV) weekly for 26 weeks with 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg/kg of the HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein. The plasma clearance of the fusion protein followed a linear pharmacokinetics profile, which was equivalent either with measurements of the plasma concentration of immunoreactive HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein, or with assays of plasma IDS enzyme activity. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) titers were monitored monthly, and the ADA response was primarily directed against the variable region of the HIRMAb domain of the fusion protein. No infusion related reactions or clinical signs of immune response were observed during the course of the study. A battery of safety pharmacology, clinical chemistry, and tissue histopathology showed no signs of adverse events, and demonstrate the safety profile of chronic treatment of primates with 3-30 mg/kg weekly IV infusion doses of the HIRMAb-IDS fusion protein.
Abstract 4733: Novel therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies against KIR3DL2, a unique tumor antigen overexpressed on subtypes of T Cell Lymphomas . (2013)

Abstract KIR3DL2 belongs to the killer immunoglobulin (Ig)-like receptors (KIRs) family and is composed of three extracellular Ig-like domains. KIR3DL2 is naturally expressed on some NK cells and minor subpopulations of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. Physiologically, KIRD3L2 is an inhibitory receptor for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules regulating NK cell activation. Remarkably, KIR3DL2 is also aberrantly overexpressed on several subtypes of T lymphomas/leukemias, such as Sezary Syndrome, transformed Mycosis Fungoides and HTLV1+ Adult T Cell Leukemia, making it a unique therapeutic target in cancer. We have generated a series of anti-KIR3DL2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) binding selectively to KIR3DL2, spanning epitopes on each of the three Ig domains. Their efficacy was evaluated in vitro and in vivo against KIR3DL2-expressing tumors and Sezary cell lines as disease model. Various modes of action, such as complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) were found involved in their anti-tumor activity. In parallel, anti-KIR3DL2 mAbs were also developed as unique and sensitive tools for the detection by immunohistochemistry of KIR3DL2 on tumor biopsies. Owing to the promising efficacy profile of our anti-KIR3DL2 mAb candidates and to the highly restricted expression pattern of the target on some T leukemia/lymphoma cells, an antibody-based therapy targeting KIR3DL2 stands as a potentially unequalled strategy in several orphan diseases with critical unmet medical need. Citation Format: Nicolas Viaud, Nathalie Granier, Stephanie Zerbib, Arnaud Dujardin, Cecile Bonnafous, Mathieu Blery, Carine Paturel, Benjamin Rossi, Anne Marie-Cardine, Armand Bensussan, Martine Bagot, Helene Sicard. Novel therapeutic and diagnostic antibodies against KIR3DL2, a unique tumor antigen overexpressed on subtypes of T Cell Lymphomas . [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4733. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4733
A one-pot method for the synthesis of 3-(hetero-)aryl-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones (2020)

3-R-1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones are a class of compounds that are increasingly finding diverse uses, including as regioselective amidation reagents and as electrolyte additives that enable long cycling lifetimes in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Conventional methods for their synthesis tend to be slow and time-consuming, requiring isolation and thorough drying of a hydroxamic acid intermediate, followed by a separate cyclization step with N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole. Furthermore, the cyclization is typically performed in dichloromethane, an environmentally harmful solvent. This work demonstrates a new one-pot method for the synthesis of these compounds that eliminates the need for isolation of the intermediate or the use of halogenated solvents. The reaction is mainly performed using environmentally benign ethyl acetate and a relatively small amount of N,N-dimethylformamide. The reaction proceeds readily at room temperature and requires no expensive metal catalysts to function.
Online nemeth braille input/output using content MathML (2016)

Access to high-quality braille materials for mathematical content is one of the most challenging obstacles faced by visually-impaired students. The need for visually-impaired students to communicate their work to sighted instructors often prevents them from participating in mainstream classrooms in STEM subjects. Backward translation from Nemeth Braille to print mathematics is a difficult and time-consuming process even for teachers of the visually impaired, who may not have an extensive understanding of the mathematical concepts underlying the notation.
Fast Regular Expression Matching Using Small TCAM (2013)

Regular expression (RE) matching is a core component of deep packet inspection in modern networking and security devices. In this paper, we propose the first hardware-based RE matching approach that uses ternary content addressable memory (TCAM), which is available as off-the-shelf chips and has been widely deployed in modern networking devices for tasks such as packet classification. We propose three novel techniques to reduce TCAM space and improve RE matching speed: transition sharing, table consolidation, and variable striding. We tested our techniques on eight real-world RE sets, and our results show that small TCAMs can be used to store large deterministic finite automata (DFAs) and achieve potentially high RE matching throughput. For space, we can store each of the corresponding eight DFAs with 25 000 states in a 0.59-Mb TCAM chip. Using a different TCAM encoding scheme that facilitates processing multiple characters per transition, we can achieve potential RE matching throughput of 10-19 Gb/s for each of the eight DFAs using only a single 2.36-Mb TCAM chip.
Flow control and congestion management for distributed scheduling of burst transmissions in time-domain wavelength interleaved networks (2005)

The paper presents an algorithm for flow control and congestion management under the time-domain wavelength interleaved optical network architecture (Saniee, I. and Widjaja, I., OFC, 2004). The context of this algorithm is distributed scheduling for servicing asynchronously varying data streams.
Velocity Profiling of Multiphase Flows Using Capacitive Sensor Sensitivity Gradient (2016)

Velocity profiling of a flow involves the task of determining the velocity vector at every point in a given flow volume. A new method is proposed for velocity profiling of multiphase flows based on electrical capacitance volume tomography (ECVT) sensors. The proposed method utilizes a mapping between the change in measured capacitances and the displacement of flow that is effected by the spatial gradient of the sensitivity distribution. This novel mapping not only avoids the need for costly image cross correlations but also is fully compatible with existing ECVT sensor and image reconstruction algorithms. Simulation and measurement results are provided to demonstrate the proposed method.
One-step growth of multilayer-graphene hollow nanospheres via the self-elimination of SiC nuclei templates (2017)

We introduce a one-step growth method for producing multilayer-graphene hollow nanospheres via a high-temperature chemical vapor deposition process using tetramethylsilane as an organic precursor. When the SiC nuclei were grown under an excess carbon atmosphere, they were surrounded via desorption of the hydrocarbon gas species, and graphene layers formed on the surface of the SiC nuclei via the rearrangement of solid carbon during the heating and cooling. The core SiC nuclei were spontaneously removed by the subsequent thermal decomposition, which also supplied the carbon for the graphene layers. Hence, multilayer-graphene hollow nanospheres were acquired via a one-step process, which was simply controlled by the growth temperature. In this growth process, the SiC nuclei acted as both the template and carbon source for the formation of multilayer-graphene hollow nanospheres.
Hierarchical layout verification for submicron designs (1990)

The author presents the program HEXDRC for hierarchical circuit extraction and design rule check. The main problem for hierarchical layout verification is to handle interactions between different cells effectively. The kind of interactions however strongly depends on the actual design style, so that it will be impossible to find a solution which will work optimal for all layouts. To solve this problem, HEXDRC offers a lot of possibilities to modify the implemented basic algorithm by user instructions. HEXDRC includes design rule checking and netlist extraction, both working on the same database. This allows to verify more complex rules than with separate tools. The author discusses the basic concept, describes how to adapt the program to a special design style and presents first experimental results. >
Environment-Responsive Block Copolymer Micelles with a Disulfide Cross-Linked Core for Enhanced siRNA Delivery (2008)

A core-shell-type polyion complex (PIC) micelle with a disulfide cross-linked core was prepared through the assembly of iminothiolane-modified poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(L-lysine) [PEG-b-(PLL-IM)] and siRNA at a characteristic optimum mixing ratio. The PIC micelles showed a spherical shape of approximately 60 nm in diameter with a narrow distribution. The micellar structure was maintained at physiological ionic strength but was disrupted under reductive conditions because of the cleavage of disulfide cross-links, which is desirable for siRNA release in the intracellular reductive environment. Importantly, environment-responsive PIC micelles achieved 100-fold higher siRNA transfection efficacy compared with non-cross-linked PICs prepared from PEG-b-poly(L-lysine), which were not stable at physiological ionic strength. PICs formed with PEG-b-(PLL-IM) at nonoptimum ratios did not assemble into micellar structure and did not achieve gene silencing following siRNA transfection. These findings show the feasibility of core cross-linked PIC micelles as carriers for therapeutic siRNA and show that stable micellar structure is critical for effective siRNA delivery into target cells.
Frequency-narrowed external-cavity diode-laser-array bar (2000)

We demonstrate that appropriately designed external cavities can be used to frequency narrow high-power diode-array bars. Using a commercial 20-W array, we narrow the linewidth to 50 GHz with 14 W of cw output power. A magnifying telescope and a cylindrical collimating lens minimize broadening owing to curvature in the alignment of the diode-array elements.