gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermoplastic encapsulation of commercial reactor low level radioactive, hazardous and mixed wastes (1995)

Conventional hydraulic cement solidification is the primary technology employed by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and commercial nuclear facilities for treatment of low-level radioactive (LLW), hazardous and mixed wastes. The extensive use of cement as a solidification binder has been based on its availability, relative low cost, processability, and high alkalinity (beneficial for immobilizing toxic metals). However, a chemical hydration reaction necessary to set and cure the waste form limits the type and quantity of waste that can be incorporated due to possible interferences between the waste and binder material. Alternative encapsulation technologies have been sought under DOE sponsorship that provide increases in waste stream compatibility, waste loading potential, and waste form performance at lower costs. The Environmental & Waste Technology Center (E&WTC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) has developed several low temperature encapsulation processes for improved treatment of commercial reactor and DOE waste streams, using low-density polyethylene and sulfur polymer. Process development studies have shown successful process applicability to a wide range of wastes including evaporator concentrates, such as sodium sulfate and borate salts, incinerator ash and ion exchange resins. Waste form performance studies have been conducted to characterize waste form behavior under disposal conditions in accordance withmore » testing criteria specified by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Based on processing and performance considerations, dramatic waste loading improvements compared with conventional hydraulic cement have been achieved. For example, the polyethylene process has been shown to encapsulate up to 70 dry wt% evaporator salt concentrates, compared with a maximum of about 12 dry wt% for the best hydraulic cement formation.« less
Discovery of Novel Proteasome Inhibitors Using a High-Content Cell-Based Screening System (2009)

The regulated degradation of damaged or misfolded proteins, as well as down-regulation of key signaling proteins, within eukaryotic and bacterial cells is catalyzed primarily by large, ATP-dependent multimeric proteolytic complexes, termed proteasomes. Inhibition of proteasomal activity affects a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes, and was found to be particularly effective for cancer therapy. We report here on the development of a novel high throughput assay for proteasome inhibition using a unique, highly sensitive live-cell screening, based on the cytoplasm-to-nucleus translocation of a fluorescent proteasome inhibition reporter (PIR) protein, consisting of nuclear localization signal-deficient p53 derivative. We further show here that mdm2, a key negative regulator of p53 plays a key role in the accumulation of PIR in the nucleus upon proteasome inhibition. Using this assay, we have screened the NCI Diversity Set library, containing 1,992 low molecular weight synthetic compounds, and identified four proteasome inhibitors. The special features of the current screen, compared to those of other approaches are discussed.
Efficacy of Single-Dose Azithromycin in Treatment of Acute Otitis Media in Children after a Baseline Tympanocentesis (2003)

Children with acute otitis media underwent tympanocentesis and were given a single dose of 30 mg of azithromycin/kg of body weight. At day 28, the overall clinical cure rate was 206 of 242 (85%). Clinical cure rates for patients infected with Streptococcus pneumoniae (67 of 76; 88%) and Haemophilus influenzae (28 of 44; 64%) were consistent with historical rates for the 5-day dosing regimen.
RTDS Implementation of the Optimal Design of Grid-connected Microgrids Using Particle Swarm Optimization (2017)

The dynamic nature of the distribution network challenges the stability and control of the microgrid. In this paper, a simplified simulation model of an inverter-based microgrid in the grid-connected mode is implemented in real-time on a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS®). The simulation is performed fast because RTDS works in continuous sustained real-time. All components such as the inverter bridge, LC filter, coupling inductor and grid are modeled using their physical representation in standard library blocks. The inverter bridge is modeled by the assumption of ideal sources. Optimal design of the LC filter, PI controllers, and damping resistance obtained using particle swarm optimization (PSO) in the optimal nonlinear model of the grid-connected microgrid is used in the simulation model. Nonlinear time domain simulation has been carried out to assess the effectiveness of the proposed controllers under disturbance. The results show satisfactory performance with efficient damping characteristics of the microgrid considered in this study. Additionally, the effectiveness of proposed approach for optimizing different parameters and its robustness have been confirmed through the nonlinear time domain simulations. The performance of this controller has been verified in simulation using a RTDS.
Optimizing Majority-Inverter Graphs With Functional Hashing (2016)

A Majority-Inverter Graph (MIG) is a recently introduced logic representation form whose algebraic and Boolean properties allow for efficient logic optimization. In particular, when considering logic depth reduction, MIG algorithms obtained significantly superior synthesis results as compared to the state-of-the-art approaches based on AND-inverter graphs and commercial tools. In this paper, we present a new MIG optimization algorithm targeting size minimization based on functional hashing. The proposed algorithm makes use of minimum MIG representations which are precomputed for functions up to 4 variables using an approach based on Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT). Experimental results show that heavily-optimized MIGs can be further minimized also in size, thanks to our proposed methodology. When using the optimized MIGs as starting point for technology mapping, we were able to improve both depth and area for the arithmetic instances of the EPFL benchmarks beyond the current results achievable by state-of-the-art logic synthesis algorithms.
Regularized kelvinlets (2017)

We introduce a new technique for real-time physically based volume sculpting of virtual elastic materials. Our formulation is based on the elastic response to localized force distributions associated with common modeling primitives such as grab, scale, twist, and pinch. The resulting brush-like displacements correspond to the regularization of fundamental solutions of linear elasticity in infinite 2D and 3D media. These deformations thus provide the realism and plausibility of volumetric elasticity, and the interactivity of closed-form analytical solutions. To finely control our elastic deformations, we also construct compound brushes with arbitrarily fast spatial decay. Furthermore, pointwise constraints can be imposed on the displacement field and its derivatives via a single linear solve. We demonstrate the versatility and efficiency of our method with multiple examples of volume sculpting and image editing.
A Novel MiRNA-Based Predictive Model for Biochemical Failure Following Post-Prostatectomy Salvage Radiation Therapy (2015)

miRNA signatures can distinguish patients who fail soon after radical prostatectomy versus late failures, giving insight into which patients may need adjuvant therapy. Notably, two novel miRNAs (miR-4516 and miR-601) were identified that significantly improve prediction of biochemical failure post-salvage radiation therapy compared to clinico-histopathological factors, supporting the use of miRNAs within clinically used predictive models. Both findings warrant further validation studies.
Unified and Integrated Circuit Antenna in Front End—A Proof of Concept (2018)

A concept of seamlessly colocated and cointegrated antennas and front-end chain circuits in the form of a unified and integrated design space is proposed, studied, and demonstrated in this paper, which strives to create future joint circuitingradiating front-end analog functional blocks. To show the proposed concept, the building elements involving dual-function amplifier antenna are highlighted as an example and arranged in a series-connected array, each acting simultaneously as a matching circuit and transmitting antenna. In other words, a single geometrical space serves as both circuits and antennas, meaning a space overlap in which the circuit is an antenna and the antenna is a circuit. This reflects both the harmony and harmonious relationship of the circuit antenna. In this paper, the spacing between two neighboring array elements is utilized to accommodate active devices, such as transistors, in this example. As the first theoretical and experimental demonstration, this paper involves the design of patch antennas, the analysis of mutual coupling, and the placement of amplifying transistors in different operation modes. The modeling procedure for a 1 x N amplifier-antenna system is presented. The proposed concept is experimentally validated by prototyping a 1 x 2 amplifier antenna array at 5 GHz with rectangular patches and off-the-shell HJ-FET. An equivalent circuit network is established for the proposed dual function block. Measured results show that the experimental block has -10 dB matching bandwidth of 125 MHz at the steering angle of +30° with an amplifying gain of 11.5 dB. It is also experimentally illustrated that frequency tuning and beam steering can easily be enabled by varying the dc bias. The design of 1x4 amplifier-antenna array at 5 GHz is also discussed to generalize the proposed theory and guide the design of higher order amplifier arrays.
Charge gradient microscopy (2014)

Here we present a simple and fast method to reliably image polarization charges using charge gradient microscopy (CGM). We collected the current from the grounded CGM probe while scanning a periodically poled lithium niobate single crystal and single-crystal LiTaO3 thin film on the Cr electrode. We observed current signals at the domains and domain walls originating from the displacement current and the relocation or removal of surface charges, which enabled us to visualize the ferroelectric domains at a scan frequency above 78 Hz over 10 μm. We envision that CGM can be used in high-speed ferroelectric domain imaging and piezoelectric energy-harvesting devices.
Thromboxane Receptor Signaling Is Required for Fibronectin-induced Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 Production by Human and Murine Macrophages and Is Attenuated by the Arhgef1 Molecule (2011)

During an inflammatory response, resident and newly recruited tissue macrophages adhere to extracellular matrix and cell-bound integrin ligands. This interaction induces the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators that include matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Arhgef1 is an intracellular signaling molecule expressed by myeloid cells that normally attenuates murine macrophage MMP production in vivo and in vitro after cell culture on the extracellular matrix protein, fibronectin. In this study, we have extended the characterization of this fibronectin-induced Arhgef1-regulated signaling pathway in both human and murine myeloid cells. Our results show that MMP9 production by fibronectin-stimulated monocytes and macrophages depends on autocrine thromboxane receptor signaling and that under normal conditions, this signaling pathway is attenuated by Arhgef1. Finally, we show that the expression of ARHGEF1 by human peripheral blood monocytes varies between individuals and inversely correlates with fibronectin-mediated MMP9 production.
Beating Nyquist with light: a compressively sampled photonic link (2011)

We report the successful demonstration of a compressively sampled photonic link. The system takes advantage of recent theoretical developments in compressive sampling to enable signal recovery beyond the Nyquist limit of the digitizer. This rather remarkable result requires that (1) the signal being recovered has a sparse (low-dimensional) representation and (2) the digitized samples be incoherent with this representation. We describe an all-photonic system architecture that meets these requirements and then show that 1 GHz harmonic signals can be faithfully reconstructed even when digitizing at 500 MS/s, well below the Nyquist rate.
Sensing and modelling of gas metal arc welding (1987)

Welding automation is normally concerned with directly controlling such factors as current, arc voltage, travel speed, and filler wire speed. Several other levels of control can be identified beyond present technology including control of weld heat input, cooling rate, and bead geometry (bead width, penetration, reinforcements, and defects). This work describes the development of a steady-state model of the gas metal arc (GMA) welding process which allows independent control of the heat and mass input to the base metal. An electro-optical technique for measurement of the welding pool and groove geometry is also described along with an ultrasonic method for sensing the weld bead. 5 refs., 5 figs., 1 tab.
Direction Finding After Blind Identification Of Sources Steering Vectors: The Blind-Maxcor And Blind-Music Methods (1996)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Trieste, Italy, 1996
An Alternative to Conventional Rock Fragmentation Methods Using SCDA: A Review (2016)

Global energy and material consumption are expected to rise in exponential proportions during the next few decades, generating huge demands for deep earth energy (oil/gas) recovery and mineral processing. Under such circumstances, the continuation of existing methods in rock fragmentation in such applications is questionable due to the proven adverse environmental impacts associated with them. In this regard; the possibility of using more environmentally friendly options as Soundless Chemical Demolition Agents (SCDAs) play a vital role in replacing harmful conventional rock fragmentation techniques for gas; oil and mineral recovery. This study reviews up to date research on soundless cracking demolition agent (SCDA) application on rock fracturing including its limitations and strengths, possible applications in the petroleum industry and the possibility of using existing rock fragmentation models for SCDA-based rock fragmentation; also known as fracking. Though the expansive properties of SCDAs are currently used in some demolition works, the poor usage guidelines available reflect the insufficient research carried out on its material’s behavior. SCDA is a cementitious powdery substance with quicklime (CaO) as its primary ingredient that expands upon contact with water; which results in a huge expansive pressure if this CaO hydration reaction occurs in a confined condition. So, the mechanism can be used for rock fragmentation by injecting the SCDA into boreholes of a rock mass; where the resulting expansive pressure is sufficient to create an effective fracture network in the confined rock mass around the borehole. This expansive pressure development, however, dependent on many factors, where formation water content creates a negative influence on this due to required greater degree of hydration under greater water contents and temperature creates a positive influence by accelerating the reaction. Having a precise understanding of the fracture propagation mechanisms when using SCDA is important due to the formation of complex fracture networks in rocks. Several models can be found in the literature based on the tangential and radial stresses acting on a rock mass surrounding an SCDA charged borehole. Those fracture models with quasi-static fracturing mechanism that occurs in Mode I type tensile failure show compatibility with SCDA fracturing mechanisms. The effect of borehole diameter, spacing and the arrangement on expansive pressure generation and corresponding fracture network generation is important in the SCDA fracturing process and effective handling of them would pave the way to creating an optimum fracture network in a targeted rock formation. SCDA has many potential applications in unconventional gas and oil recovery and in-situ mining in mineral processing. However, effective utilization of SCDA in such application needs much extensive research on the performance of SCDA with respect to its potential applications, particularly when considering unique issues arising in using SCDA in different applications.
Defect Localization Technique for Logic Circuits in Sub 90nm SOI Microprocessors (2006)

Abstract The emergence of multiple core, high speed microprocessors in sub 90nm node technologies present challenges for defect localization, especially in SRAM logic circuits involving Array Built In Self Test (ABIST). Voltage sensitive, temperature sensitive and frequency sensitive soft defects in these ABIST logic circuits can spell the difference between pass and failure, especially for Silicon on Insulator (SOI) designs. High density SRAM arrays with ever shrinking critical dimensions in multiple core, high speed microprocessor designs dictate an increased number of ABIST logic circuits of complex hierarchical design. Scan chain diagnostics to pinpoint the failing scan latch logic circuit following ABIST testing frequently results in ever greater uncertainty; increased number of suspect circuits related to the failure. A case study analysis successfully applied to pinpointing a voltage sensitive logic circuit defect in a 90nm SOI design is described here, followed by root cause TEM analysis.
Green Fluorescent Protein-based Probes. (2000)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) of the jelly fish Aequorea victoria is a spontaneously fluorescent protein that can be incorporated into other proteins by genetic fusion. One of our approaches is to use two GFPs of different colors to permit fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET), which is highly sensitive to the relative orientation and distance between the two fluorophores and alters the ratio of their emission intensities. For example, cameleons are genetically-encoded fluorescent indicators for calcium. I describe here potentially unique features of GFP-based FRET, which would allow us to make probes for many intracellular signaling events that are currently assayed by grinding millions of cells.
Orbital-angular-momentum-based reconfigurable optical switching and routing (2016)

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) has gained interest due to its potential to increase capacity in optical communication systems as well as an additional domain for reconfigurable networks. This is due to the following: (i) coaxially propagated OAM beams with different charges are mutually orthogonal, (ii) OAM beams can be efficiently multiplexed and demultiplexed, and (iii) OAM charges can be efficiently manipulated. Therefore, multiple data-carrying OAM beams could have the potential capability for reconfigurable optical switching and routing. In this paper, we discuss work involving reconfigurable OAM-based optical add/drop multiplexing, space switching, polarization switching, channel hopping, and multicasting.
Track 20: Medical Imaging Systems FAST RECONSTRUCTION ALGORITHMS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL (1990)

We describe computationally efficient algorithms for the reconstruction of of Electrical Impedance Tomography images acquired from three- dimensional electrode arrays. Reconstructions based on least-squares techniques using analytic forward solvers are presented.
Preparation, properties and biological activity of natural and semisynthetic urethanes of monensin. (1983)

Conversion of the monovalent polyether antibiotic monensin into a series of urethane derivatives substituted at C-26 causes a ten-fold increase in the cation transporting properties of the antibiotic as well as making the resulting semisynthetic urethanes divalent ionophores. These changes must in part account for the enhanced antimicrobial activities of the urethanes. The most active derivatives are the phenylurethanes which are ten times more active in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria and unlike monensin are active against Candida albicans and Penicillium digitatum. Another novel activity exhibited by four of the urethanes was against Plasmodium berghei, the causative agent for malaria.
Acute Autonomic Engagement Assessed by Heart Rate Dynamics During Vagus Nerve Stimulation in Patients With Heart Failure in the ANTHEM‐HF Trial (2016)

Instantaneous heart rate change during therapeutic levels of VNS in patients with heart failure indicates consistent modulation of the autonomic nervous system for both left- and right-sided stimulation.
Glyceryl Trinitrate may Trigger Endogenous Nitric Oxide Production in Patients with Chronic Tension-Type Headache (2004)

Experimental studies in humans have shown that nitric oxide (NO) may play an important role in initiation of primary headaches. It has been proposed that activation of L-arginine-NO pathway and increased endogenous production of NO may be responsible for NO induced headache. NO is synthesized from L-arginine and that reaction also yields citrulline. In the present study we aimed to investigate plasma levels of citrulline and arginine as markers of NO production after infusion of the NO donor, glyceryl trinitrate (GTN). We recruited 16 patients with chronic tension-type headache and 16 healthy controls. The subjects were randomly allocated to receive 0.5 microg/kg/min GTN or placebo over 20 min. Patients were examined on headache free days. Blood samples were collected at baseline and 60 min after start of infusion. Both patients and controls developed stronger immediate headache on the GTN day than on the placebo day (P = 0.008). The headache was more pronounced in patients than in controls (P = 0.02). Plasma levels of citrulline increased significantly 60 min after start of GTN infusion compared to placebo infusion in patients (P = 0.01) but not in controls (P = 0.50). Plasma levels of arginine were unchanged in both patients (P = 0.12) and controls (P = 0.18). We suggest that GTN administration may trigger endogenous production of NO in patients with chronic tension-type headache resulting in activation of perivascular sensory afferents.
An Integrated Multivariable Artificial Pancreas Control System (2014)

The objective was to develop a closed-loop (CL) artificial pancreas (AP) control system that uses continuous measurements of glucose concentration and physiological variables, integrated with a hypoglycemia early alarm module to regulate glucose concentration and prevent hypoglycemia. Eleven open-loop (OL) and 9 CL experiments were performed. A multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas (MAAP) system was used for the first 6 CL experiments. An integrated multivariable adaptive artificial pancreas (IMAAP) system consisting of MAAP augmented with a hypoglycemia early alarm system was used during the last 3 CL experiments. Glucose values and physical activity information were measured and transferred to the controller every 10 minutes and insulin suggestions were entered to the pump manually. All experiments were designed to be close to real-life conditions. Severe hypoglycemic episodes were seen several times during the OL experiments. With the MAAP system, the occurrence of severe hypoglycemia was decreased significantly (P < .01). No hypoglycemia was seen with the IMAAP system. There was also a significant difference (P < .01) between OL and CL experiments with regard to percentage of glucose concentration (54% vs 58%) that remained within target range (70-180 mg/dl). Integration of an adaptive control and hypoglycemia early alarm system was able to keep glucose concentration values in target range in patients with type 1 diabetes. Postprandial hypoglycemia and exercise-induced hypoglycemia did not occur when this system was used. Physical activity information improved estimation of the blood glucose concentration and effectiveness of the control system.