gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Edge Provisioning with Flexible Server Placement (2016)

We present <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math></inline-formula> , a decision support framework to provision edge servers for online services providers (OSPs). <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> takes advantage of the increasingly flexible edge server placement, which is enabled by new technologies such as edge computing platforms, cloudlets and network function virtualization, to optimize the overall performance and cost of edge infrastructures. The key difference between <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> and traditional server placement approaches lies on that <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> $\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> can discover proper unforeseen edge locations which significantly improve the efficiency and reduce the cost of edge provisioning. We show how <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math> </inline-formula> effectively identifies promising edge locations which are close to a collection of users merely with inaccurate network distance estimation methods, e.g., geographic coordinate (GC) and network coordinate systems (NC). We also show how <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math></inline-formula> comprehensively considers various pragmatic concerns in edge provisioning, such as traffic limits by law or ISP policy, edge site deployment and resource usage cost, over-provisioning for fault tolerance, etc., with a simple optimization model. We simulate <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math></inline-formula> using real network data at global and county-wide scales. Measurement-driven simulations show that with a given cost budget <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\sf {Tentacle}$</tex-math></inline-formula> can improve user performance by around 10-45 percent at global scale networks and 15-35 percent at a country-wide scale network.
Retinal stem cells and regeneration (2004)

The optic vesicle gives rise to several very different epithelial tissues, including the neural retina, the pigmented epithelium, the iris, the ciliary epithelium of the ciliary body and the optic stalk. Retinal regeneration can arise from several different cellular sources; in some species, the process involves interconversion, or transdifferentiation, among cells of the different tissue types. Therefore, prior to a discussion of retinal regeneration, we will briefly discuss current knowledge about the influence of signaling molecules in cell fate determination in ocular tissues. Next, we will detail the evidence for neurogenesis in the mature retina. Lastly, we will describe various types of regenerative phenomena that occur in the retina, from complete regeneration of functional retina in fish and amphibians, to the more limited neuronal production that occurs in avian and mammalian retinas.
Chimeric Antigens of<i>Toxoplasma gondii</i>: Toward Standardization of Toxoplasmosis Serodiagnosis Using Recombinant Products (2006)

We have evaluated the diagnostic utility of six antigenic regions of the Toxoplasma gondii MIC2, MIC3, M2AP, GRA3, GRA7, and SAG1 gene products, assembled in recombinant chimeric antigens by genetic engineering, in order to replace the soluble, whole-cell tachyzoite extract in serological assays. Serum samples from 100 adults with acquired T. gondii infection and from 30 infants born to mothers with primary toxoplasmosis contracted during pregnancy, of whom 20 were congenitally infected, were included. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies against epitopes carried by chimeric antigens were measured by performing parallel enzyme immunoassays (recombinant enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays [Rec-ELISAs]), and the results obtained by standard commercial assays with the whole-cell Toxoplasma antigen and assays with the chimeric antigens were compared. Our results demonstrate that IgG and IgM Rec-ELISAs with individual chimeric antigens have performance characteristics comparable to those of the corresponding commercial assays. Furthermore, we show that IgM-capture assays based on chimeric antigens improve the ability to diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis postnatally compared with the ability to diagnose congenital toxoplasmosis by the use of standard assays. The use of recombinant chimeric antigens is effective in distinguishing T. gondii-infected individuals from T. gondii-uninfected individuals and shows that immunoassays based on recombinant products could provide the basis for standardized commercial tests for the serodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
Selective Formation of 4,4′‐Biphenols by Anodic Dehydrogenative Cross‐ and Homo‐Coupling Reaction (2019)

A simple and selective electrochemical synthesis by dehydrogenative coupling of unprotected 2,6- or 2,5-substituted phenols to the desired 4,4'-biphenols is reported. Using electricity as the oxidizing reagent avoids pre-functionalization of the starting materials, since a selective activation of the substrates takes place. Without the necessity for metal-catalysts or the use of stoichiometric reagents it is an economic and environmentally friendly transformation. The elaborated electrochemical protocol leads to a broad variety of the desired 4,4'-biphenols in a very simplified manner compared to classical approaches. This is particular the case for the cross-coupled products.
Multitransmitter Wireless Power Transfer Optimization for Backscatter RFID Transponders (2013)

We present an efficient method for enhancing far-field wireless power transfer (WPT) to highly power-constrained mobile devices such as UHF and microwave RFID transponders using a multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) base station system. Existing techniques for channel estimation are prohibitively complex and consume too much power to be integrated into milliwatt- or microwatt-class wirelessly powered devices. We show that power transfer can be optimized using a transponder's backscatter signal alone, without requiring channel estimation and power measurement circuitry on the transponder. A measurement-based proof of concept is presented, illustrating that for any linear backscatter transponder, power optimization based on the backscattered signal is equivalent to local measurement at the mobile device itself. Using an 8 × 8 MIMO transceiver array to optimize power delivery across 100 randomly chosen locations in our office environment, we observe an average WPT enhancement of 8.1 dB relative to an unoptimized transmitter configuration. Transponders with nonlinear power harvesters can easily be supported with the addition of a single RF switching transistor.
<title>Measuring small absorption losses of laser pulses in fused silica by a pump and probe technique</title> (2001)

A compact experimental setup, based on the laser induced deflection technique (LID), measures small absorption coefficients in fused silica upon 193-nm irradiation with high sensitivity and accuracy. For that, two probe laser beams are passed numerous times through a sample and are deflected by a refractive index gradient which is generated by the power absorbed within the material. The absorption coefficient of the sample is determined by applying a comfortable and precise electrical calibration procedure. The investigation of two equivalent fused silica samples of different thickness confirmed that the setup allows to exclusively measure the bulk absorption of the material without contributions from the irradiated surfaces. Furthermore, influences of irradiation parameters like repetition rate and pulse width on the absorption coefficient of fused silica at a fixed applied energy density have been investigated. The results confirm the complexity of the absorption mechanism present in fused silica upon laser irradiation. In order to separate linear and nonlinear absorption two fused silica samples have been irradiated with different energy densities keeping the repetition rate and the pulse width constant. The results show a nonlinear dependence of the absorption coefficient on the energy density which can qualitatively be explained by the two-step absorption mechanism in fused silica.
[New markers for the risk of sudden death: analysis of ventricular repolarization]. (2001)

The identification of patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death is one of the greatest challenges for cardiologists. Non-invasive methods have, characteristically, low predictive sensitivities and specificities. The role of abnormalities of ventricular repolarisation (QT interval) in the genesis of ventricular arrhythmias has been well established by experimental data. For this reason, parameters of ventricular repolarisation on the surface electrocardiogram have been proposed. However, taken in isolation, these markers are limited in terms of arrhythmic risk stratification. This report analyses the value of the different parameters of ventricular repolarisation in the identification of high risk: QT dispersion, QT dynamics and T wave alternans. The dispersion of the QT interval is a marker of unhomogenous ventricular depolarisation. This concept must be applied differently in such pathologically dissimilar diseases such as myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathy or the long QT syndrome. Moreover, methodological problems make the interpretation of many experimental studies very delicate. Frequency dependence of the QT helps select high risk patients after myocardial infarction or with dilated cardiomyopathy. A common feature of pathological ventricular myocardium is the more pronounced frequency-dependency of the QT interval. The predictive value of this new index should be evaluated and compared with other non-invasive risk factors in prospective trials. Studies of T wave alternans in selected high risk populations, essentially patients with coronary artery disease and dilated cardiomyopathy, have shown this parameter to be predictive of arrhythmia. The predictive value requires confirmation in much larger populations at lower levels of risk of arrhythmia and sudden death in prospective trials. A new field of research has opened up in the study of ventricular repolarisation. Many studies have been undertaken on the duration of the QT interval, the morphology of the QT (including T wave alternans and post-pause changes) and, finally, the dynamics of the QT interval. By regrouping, analysing and using these data correctly, we should be able to identify new markers of high arrhythmic risk.
A Gradient Based Peak-to-Average Power Ratio Reduction Method (2007)

One promising approach to peak to average power ratio (PAPR) reduction for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is the use of reserved tones, which are modulated so as to reduce the PAPR. One problem with this approach is the computationally efficient determination of reserved tone signals that best reduce the PAPR. In this paper we describe a new algorithm for selection of the reserved tone signals. The algorithm results from a differentiable approximation of the PAPR optimisation criterion. We derive a new joint minimisation method capable of reducing multiple peaks simultaneously. It is shown how this can be utilized in a low complexity gradient update algorithm. Simulations show superior performance (lower resultant PAPR) compared to other methods, where system parameters have been motivated by the proposed long term evolution of the 3GPP cellular standard.
Scaled Synthesis of Boron Nitride Nanotubes, Nanoribbons, and Nanococoons Using Direct Feedstock Injection into an Extended-Pressure, Inductively-Coupled Thermal Plasma (2015)

A variable pressure (up to 10 atm) powder/gas/liquid injection inductively coupled plasma system has been developed and used to produce high-quality boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) at continuous production rates of 35 g/h. Under suitable conditions, collapsed BN nanotubes (i.e., nanoribbons), and closed shell BN capsules (i.e., nanococoons) are also obtained. The process is adaptable to a large variety of feedstock materials.
Concatenated parity and turbo codes (2001)

Turbo codes have an error floor that is caused by low-weight error events. Here, it is shown that a concatenated code with a simple rectangular parity-check outer code and a turbo inner code can significantly reduce the error floor. It is also shown that in several situations, the concatenated parity-check and turbo code performs significantly better than a turbo code alone.
Spatial multiplexing and optical PAM4 quadruple the date rate in optical fiber systems (2022)

This endeavor demonstrates a two-channel spatial division multiplexed (SDM) system and combines it with an all-optical four-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) scheme to quadruple the data rate and presents the experimental setup, system model, as well as key results. The system initially introduces spatial reuse of optical frequencies in a single-core multimode optical fiber by transmitting two SDM channels, where both operate at 1310 nm. It then complements the two SDM channels with an all-optical PAM4 scheme to enable 2 bits/symbol and 40 Gbps optical transport while using only 10 Gbps sources. Since all sources operate at the same wavelength, it effectively achieves PAM16 efficiencies at the given wavelength. The system accomplishes these results without the use of dedicated PAM4 chipsets.
A low-temperature approach to synthesize low-silica SAPO-34 nanocrystals and their application in the methanol-to-olefins (MTO) reaction (2016)

A facile low-temperature approach has been developed to synthesize low-silica SAPO-34 nanocrystals with excellent catalytic performance in the MTO reaction.
Geomechanical Validation of a Microseismic Discrete Fracture Network (2017)

Summary A workflow is described of constructing a discrete fracture network (DFN) from microseismic attributes and then validating the network by microseismic geomechanical modelling. The modelling reconciles an earth model, DFN and injection details with the observed microseismicity. The model is calibrated by quantitatively comparing modelled and observed microseismic deformation. The calibrated model can then be used to optimize the hydraulic fracture and completion design.
A NONINIVASIVE METHOD OF DETERMINING CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE. (2002)

Ward, K.; Barbee, W.; Tiba, M.; Arrowood, J.; Ivatury, R.; Lyders, E.; Hummel, R.; Spiess, B. Author Information
Numerical investigation of a scalable setup for efficient terahertz generation using a segmented tilted-pulse-front excitation (2017)

A hybrid-type terahertz pulse source is proposed for high energy terahertz pulse generation. It is the combination of the conventional tilted-pulse-front setup and a transmission stair-step echelon-faced nonlinear crystal with a period falling in the hundred-micrometer range. The most important advantage of the setup is the possibility of using plane parallel nonlinear optical crystal for producing good-quality, symmetric terahertz beam. Another advantage of the proposed setup is the significant reduction of imaging errors, which is important in the case of wide pump beams that are used in high energy experiments. A one dimensional model was developed for determining the terahertz generation efficiency, and it was used for quantitative comparison between the proposed new hybrid setup and previously introduced terahertz sources. With lithium niobate nonlinear material, calculations predict an approximately ten-fold increase in the efficiency of the presently described hybrid terahertz pulse source with respect to that of the earlier proposed setup, which utilizes a reflective stair-step echelon and a prism shaped nonlinear optical crystal. By using pump pulses of 50 mJ pulse energy, 500 fs pulse length and 8 mm beam spot radius, approximately 1% conversion efficiency and 0.5 mJ terahertz pulse energy can be reached with the newly proposed setup.
Hyperimmune egg yolk antibodies developed against Clostridium perfringens antigens protect against necrotic enteritis (2023)

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a widespread infectious disease caused by Clostridium perfringens that inflicts major economic losses on the global poultry industry. Due to regulations on antibiotic use in poultry production, there is an urgent need for alternative strategies to mitigate the negative effects of NE. This paper presents a passive immunization technology that utilizes hyperimmune egg yolk immunoglobulin Y (IgY) specific to the major immunodominant antigens of C. perfringens. Egg yolk IgYs were generated by immunizing hens with 4 different recombinant C. perfringens antigens, and their protective effects against NE were evaluated in commercial broilers. Six different spray-dried egg powders were produced using recombinant C. perfringens antigens: α-toxin, NE B-like toxin (NetB; EB), elongation factor-Tu (ET), pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase, a mixture of 4 antigens (EM-1), and a nonimmunized control (EC). The challenged groups were either provided with different egg powders at a 1% level or no egg powders (EN). The NE challenge model based on Eimeria maxima and C. perfringens dual infection was used. In Experiments 1 and 2, the EB and ET groups exhibited increased body weight gain (BWG; P < 0.01), decreased NE lesion scores (P < 0.001), and reduced serum NetB levels (P < 0.01) compared to the EN and EC groups. IgY against NetB significantly reduced Leghorn male hepatocellular cytotoxicity in an in vitro test (P < 0.01). In Experiment 3, the protective effect of the IgYs mixture (EM-2) against C. perfringens antigens (NetB and EFTu) and Eimeria antigens (elongation factor-1-alpha: EF1α and Eimeria profilin: 3-1E) was tested. The EM-2 group showed similar body weight, BWG, and feed intake from d 7 to 22 compared to the NC group (P < 0.05). On d 20, the EM-2 group showed comparable intestinal permeability, NE lesion scores, and jejunal NetB and collagen adhesion protein levels to the NC group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary mixture containing antibodies to NetB and EFTu provides protection against experimental NE in chickens through passive immunization.
Spatially weighted vibration sensors using tapered two-mode optical fibers (1992)

Spatially weighted optical fiber sensors that filter specific vibration modes from one-dimensional beams placed in clamped-free and clamped-clamped configurations are presented. The sensitivity of the sensors is varied along the length of the fiber by tapering two-mode, circular-core fibers. Selective vibration mode suppression on the order of 10 dB has been obtained using weighted sensors. Experimental results are described, and applications for distributed sensors are proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Demonstration of an iodine laser pumped by an air–helium electric discharge (2009)

Herein the authors report on the demonstration of gain and a continuous-wave laser on the 1315 nm transition of atomic iodine using the energy transferred to I(2P1/2) from O2(a 1Δ) produced by both radio-frequency and microwave electric discharges sustained in a dry air–He–NO gas mixture. Active oxygen and nitrogen species were observed downstream of the discharge region. Downstream of the discharge, cold gas injection was employed to raise the gas density and lower the temperature of the continuous gas flow. Gain of 0.0062% cm−1 was obtained and the laser output power was 32 mW in a supersonic flow cavity.
Protecting-group-free synthesis of thiol-functionalized degradable polyesters (2021)

Protecting-group-free synthesis of thiol-functionalized degradable polyesters has been developed by using chemoselective catalysis and microflow technology.
Mobile Multi-Purpose RFID System (2007)

RFID systems are an important technology that are used for various applications as logistic processes or access control. Today?s systems are typically designed for a specific application and deployed by a single party. To identify security requirements for future RFID systems, an aircraft-airport scenario making quite radical assumptions is described. The RFID reading and processing systems are distributed between the airplane, the airport, and various backend processing systems. With RFID readers and processing systems being on-board of aircraft and being dynamically connected to different ground systems, the systems spans multiple administrative domains with dynamically changing topology. The communication is set up spontaneously using both wired and wireless communication. The reference architecture is described, and needed security building blocks are presented that are expected to be useful in such future RFID applications.
Brewster-plate spoiler: a novel method for reducing the amplitude of interference fringes that limit tunable-laser absorption sensitivities (1985)

A simple method is described for substantially reducing the amplitude of interference fringes that limit the sensitivities of tunable-laser high-resolution absorption spectrometers. A lead-salt diode laser operating in the 7-μm region is used with a single Brewster-plate spoiler to reduce the fringe amplitude by a factor of 30 and also to allow the detection of absorptances of 10−3% in a single laser scan without subtraction techniques, without complex frequency modulation, and without distortion of the molecular line-shape signals. Application to multipass-cell spectrometers is described.
Abstract 1353: Hydrogen sulfide-releasing naproxen inhibits HT-29 human colon cancer cell growth: Modulation of NF-κB (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Chronic inflammation is widely recognized as an underlying etiological factor in carcinogenesis; there is enough evidence to support the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) as chemopreventive agents. However, their wide use is precluded due to significant toxicity. Recently, a new class of hydrogen sulfide-releasing NSAIDs have been described in which the parent NSAID is covalently linked to a dithiolethione moiety (5-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione) which release hydrogen sulfide. HS-NSAIDs have enhanced safety and efficacy compared to their traditional counterparts. Since NSAIDs are regarded as prototypical chempreventive agents, here we compared naproxen and its hydrogen sulfide-releasing (HS-naproxen) analog using a human colon cancer cell line and also evaluated its effect on NF-κB whose induction is strongly implicated in some cancers. Methods: HS-naproxen was synthesized and purified at our lab with 1H-NMR verification. Cell line: HT-29 human adenocarcimoma; Cell growth: MTT; Cell cycle phase distribution: Flow cytometry; Apoptosis: subdiploid (sub-G0/G1) peak in DNA content histograms; Proliferation: PCNA; NF-κB: enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). GSH levels: colorimetric method. Results: HS-naproxen inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells with an IC50 of 72 ± 5 µM whereas for naproxen the IC50 was 2800 ± 190 µM at 24h. HS-naproxen treatment of HT-29 cells at 0.5xIC50, 1xIC50, and 2xIC50 for 24 hrs induced apoptosis (12 ± 1%, 54 ± 3%, 71 ± 3%), inhibited proliferation (PCNA, 71 ± 3%, 49 ± 5%, 26 ± 4%), and caused a G0/G1 cell cycle block. Activation of NF-κB was inhibited as demonstrated by ELISA, at 0.5xIC50, 1xIC50, and 2xIC50 the reduction was 22 ± 3%, 47 ± 2%, and 62 ± 4% respectively. Cellular GSH levels were also reduced dose-dependently by HS-naproxen, suggesting a condition of oxidative stress. Conclusions: HS-naproxen inhibits HT-29 cell growth and inhibits NF-κB activation. These data suggest that HS-naproxen may be useful as chemopreventive agent against colon cancer and merits further evaluation. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1353. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1353