gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
16.3 A 330mW 14b 6.8GS/s dual-mode RF DAC in 16nm FinFET achieving −70.8dBc ACPR in a 20MHz channel at 5.2GHz (2017)

Direct-RF synthesis has gained increasing attention in recent years [1] [2] as it simplifies the transmitter system by eliminating the intermediate frequency stage. It also offers the opportunity to address the extensive range of cellular bands with the same architecture and building blocks. Direct synthesis of carriers in the 5 to 6GHz unlicenced bands remains a challenge for RF-DACs operating in the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> Nyquist band, as sampling rates in excess of 12GS/s are required. A more power efficient way to synthesize directly these frequencies is to use wideband mixing-DACs, which increase the output power in the 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nd</sup> and 3 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rd</sup> Nyquist bands [3]. In [3] the mixing is done using the quad-switch configuration, which doubles the number of switches and drivers, directly impacting the overall DAC width. In [4] the mixer is inserted in-line between the current cell switch and the output cascode, which requires additional headroom in the output stage. Both implementations impact the overall performance and power of the DAC even when the mixing operation is not used. This work presents an alternative implementation of the mixing-DAC using the traditional current switching cell. The mixing is realized in the data path, enabling full utilization of the DAC analog bandwidth across 1st, 2nd and 3rd Nyquist zones without compromising performance. This dual-mode RF-DAC is manufactured in a 16nm FinFET process and demonstrates ACPR better than -70dBc in a 20MHz channel centered at 5.2GHz while dissipating a total power of 330mW including shared biasing, clock receiver and clock distribution.
5-(Diarylimino)- and 5-(sulfoximido)dibenzothiophenium triflates: syntheses and applications as electrophilic aminating reagents (2021)

The one-pot synthesis of well-defined 5-(diarylimino) and 5-(sulfoximido)dibenzothiophenium triflates, respectively from diarylimines or sulfoximines, is reported and the structures of a series of these compounds are elucidated by X-ray crystallography. In analogy to their hypervalent I(iii) analogues, the iminoyl and sulfoximidoyl groups of these compounds can be selectively transferred to organic substrates. Specifically, the uncatalyzed imination of thiols or sulfinates proceeds with good yields, while under the mild reaction conditions offered by visible light photoredox catalysis, the radical amination of hydrazones or the sulfoximidation of benzylic, allylic and propargylic C-H bonds takes place satisfactorily.
Efficient and Regioselective Access to Bis-heterocycles via Palladium-Catalysed Coupling of Organostannanes and Organozincates Derived from C-6 Lithiated 2-Methoxypyridine (1999)

The efficient and regioselective synthesis of various bisheterocyclic compounds was performed using a regioselective onepot lithiation-transmetallation-cross-coupling of α-methoxypyridine.
Automatic Equalizers having Minimum Adjustment Time (1973)

Two new types of automatic equalizers for telephone lines are discussed. The modular configurations shown are designed for minimum adjustment time and are ready to receive data as soon as the response of the unequalized line has been measured. Two forms of such equalizers are compared with respect to upper bounds on the residual distortion.
Hydrometeor classification for X-band dual polarization radar on-board civil aircrafts (2015)

Polarimetric techniques applied to radars on-board civil aircraft can improve the estimation of risk zones due to dangerous weather during flight. Usually, X-band weather radars are installed at the nose of civil aircrafts. This band is affected by strong attenuation in case of intense precipitation (liquid or mixed phase). The current systems do not compensate backscattered power measurements for attenuation caused by propagation through precipitation, while dual-polarization radars are able to compensate effectively this source of error and to discriminate hydrometeors. In this work, a classification algorithm based on support vector machines (SVM) is proposed. Training is driven by the output of a Fuzzy Logic (FL) classification algorithm (typical classification approach used for ground-based weather radar). SVM high performance in terms of time processing and its flexibility of configuration using all type of inputs variables are important characteristics to be included in some avionic specific equipment, such as the Electronic Flight Bag (EFB). Two datasets have been used to test the SVM classification algorithm. The first dataset is composed of simulated radar polarimetric observations at X-band and the second one is composed of actual dual-polarization radar measurements collected during the Special Observation Period (SOP) 1.1 of HYdrological cycle in MEditerranean EXperiment (Hymex) campaign by the C-band Doppler dual-polarization weather radar (Polar 55C) installed at ISAC-CNR in Rome. Good performance are obtained for SVM classificator. The comparison with FL output shows a good agreement (up to 90%) both in qualitative comparison maps by maps and using a quantitative approach which metric is based on the confusion matrix.
Rigid Formation of Aligned Polymer Fiber Network in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal (1999)

A rigid polymer fiber network for fastening two substrates and anchoring a ferroelectric liquid crystal alignment was formed, for the first time, by rapidly polymerizing aligned high-concentration acrylate monomers. The µm-size polymer fibers segregated from a nematic solution of the monomers and the ferroelectric liquid crystal under high temperature and strong ultraviolet light irradiation are oriented in the rubbing direction of the alignment layers. The free-standing composite film having a concentration of the polymer of 20 wt% exhibited a fast response time of 300 µs, a high contrast ratio of more than 100:1, and grayscale capability. It is applicable to anti-shock display devices.
The Notch ligand Jagged2 promotes lung adenocarcinoma metastasis through a miR-200–dependent pathway in mice (2011)

Epithelial tumor cells transit to a mesenchymal state in response to extracellular cues, in a process known as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The precise nature of these cues has not been fully defined, an important issue given that EMT is an early event in tumor metastasis. Here, we have found that a population of metastasis-prone mouse lung adenocarcinoma cells expresses Notch and Notch ligands and that the Notch ligand Jagged2 promotes metastasis. Mechanistically, Jagged2 was found to promote metastasis by increasing the expression of GATA-binding (Gata) factors, which suppressed expression of the microRNA-200 (miR-200) family of microRNAs that target the transcriptional repressors that drive EMT and thereby induced EMT. Reciprocally, miR-200 inhibited expression of Gata3, which reversed EMT and abrogated metastasis, suggesting that Gata3 and miR-200 are mutually inhibitory and have opposing effects on EMT and metastasis. Consistent with this, high levels of Gata3 expression correlated with EMT in primary tumors from 2 cohorts of lung adenocarcinoma patients. These findings reveal what we believe to be a novel Jagged2/miR-200-dependent pathway that mediates lung adenocarcinoma EMT and metastasis in mice and may have implications for the treatment of human epithelial tumors.
Prevalence of Low Peak Inspiratory Flow Rate at Discharge in Patients Hospitalized for COPD Exacerbation (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Low peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) (<60 L/min) among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may result in ineffective medication inhalation, leading to poor bronchodilation. <b>Objective:</b> The objectives of this analysis were to evaluate the prevalence of low PIFR at the time of discharge from a COPD-related hospitalization and to examine the real-world treatment patterns and rehospitalizations by PIFR. <b>Methods:</b> Patients at 7 sites in the United States were screened for enrollment at hospital discharge. PIFR was measured using the InCheck<sup>TM</sup> DIAL to simulate resistance of the DISKUS® dry powder inhaler (DPI). An equal number of patients were enrolled into low PIFR (<60 L/min) or normal PIFR (≥60 L/min) cohorts. Demographics, COPD-related clinical characteristics, health status, treatment and rehospitalization data were collected. <b>Results:</b> Mean PIFR was 71±22.12 L/min among 268 screened patients; 31.7% (n=85) of patients had low PIFR. Among all enrolled patients (n=170), the low PIFR cohort was older (66.2±10.04 years versus 62.1±9.41 years, <i>p</i>=0.006) and more likely to be female (61.2% versus 42.4%, <i>p</i>=0.014). There was an increase in DPI use at discharge, compared with admission, in the low PIFR cohort (62.4% versus 70.6%, p=0.020). The incidences of all-cause rehospitalization up to 180 days were similar between the low and normal PIFR cohorts. <b>Conclusions:</b> At discharge following hospitalization for an exacerbation of COPD, approximately one-third of patients had a PIFR <60 L/min. More patients with a low PIFR were discharged with a DPI medication compared with use at admission. There was no difference in the rehospitalization rates by PIFR.
Transport for Melbourne - what's the plan? (2016)

Transport for Melbourne - what's the plan, how do the major infrastructure projects of the current State government fit in? Why is it that transport solutions are invariably thought of in terms of infrastructure? Who is the government listening to for professional advice and what is the role of community advocacy groups in promoting changes in transport policy? These were some of the questions that were raised at a transport forum on 4th August 2016 organised jointly by Transport for Melbourne and the RMIT Centre for Urban Research.
Anillin: a pivotal organizer of the cytokinetic machinery (2008)

Cytokinesis is a dynamic and plastic process involving the co-ordinated regulation of many components. Accordingly, many proteins, including the putative scaffold protein anillin, localize to the cleavage furrow and are required for cytokinesis, but how they function together is poorly understood. Anillin can bind to numerous other furrow components, including F-actin, septins and myosin II, but its molecular functions are unclear. Recent data suggest that anillin participates in a previously unrecognized Rho-dependent pathway that can promote the association of anillin with the plasma membrane, septins, myosin II and microtubules. Studies using the inhibitor of F-actin assembly, Lat A (Latrunculin A), have revealed that these associations occur independently of F-actin; indeed they appear to be stabilized by the loss of F-actin. This pathway may explain previously described requirements for anillin in maintaining stable furrow positioning and for forming a stable midbody, and supports the notion that anillin is a central organizer at the hub of the cytokinetic machinery.
Information quality of commericial web site home pages: an explorative analysis (2000)

In the search for substantive relationships in the use of emerging technology, information quality is often difficult to assess. This research explores user perceptions of presentation, navigation, and quality of Web home pages for approximately 200 selected Fortune 500 companies across 10 industries. An instrument is developed to measure these constructs and is assessed for convergent and discriminant validity as well as reliability. Company Web home pages are clustered using 24 Web site features. Interpretations of the type of Web home page within a cluster are based on their characteristics. An explorative analysis is performed between types of Web home pages and user perceptions of these sites. This study provides empirical evidence of relationships between companies at different positions in the supply chain and the information quality of their Web home pages.
Corrosion Barrier Development for LBE Corrosion Resistance: Quarterly Report (April 2006) (2006)

As reported in the last quarterly report, synthesis of Cr nanowires was found to be problematic in terms of uniform coverage. Hence Ni was identified as the alternative metal to form the nanowires. The purpose of the metal nanowires is to provide structural integrity to the nanoporous alumina, as well as a second defense mechanism against corrosion by oxidizing in case the top alumina layer is compromised. Nickel was selected due to its established electrochemical synthesis procedure. While Ni can provide very good structural integrity to the porous alumina, one potential problem is its higher dissolution rate in LBE. However, since the Ni layer will be protected by a thick layer of dense alumina on top, this is not expected to pose a major problem. After a detailed consideration, it was decided that Ni filling of the porous alumina structure can provide very valuable information about performance of the coating layers under thermal cycling. In parallel, process development for uniform deposition of Cr nanowires will also continue, which if successful, will be included in the final coating structure.
Determinants of Mg<sup>2+</sup>-Dependent Activities of Recombinant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Integrase (2000)

The relationship between Mg(2+)-dependent activity and the self-assembly state of HIV-1 integrase was investigated using different protein preparations. The first preparations, IN(CHAPS) and IN(dial), were purified in the presence of detergent, but in the case of IN(dial), the detergent was removed during a final dialysis. The third preparation, IN(zn), was purified without any detergent. The three preparations displayed comparable Mn(2+)-dependent activities. In contrast, the Mg(2+)-dependent activity that reflects a more realistic view of the physiological activity strongly depended on the preparation. IN(CHAPS) was not capable of using Mg(2+) as a cofactor, whereas IN(zn) was highly active under the same conditions. In the accompanying paper [Deprez, E., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 9275-9284], we used time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy to demonstrate that IN(CHAPS) was monomeric at the concentration of enzymatic assays. Here, we show that IN(zn) was homogeneously tetrameric under similar conditions. Moreover, IN(dial) that exhibited an intermediary Mg(2+)-dependent activity existed in a monomer-multimer equilibrium. The level of Mg(2+)- but not Mn(2+)-dependent activity of IN(dial) was altered by addition of detergent which plays a detrimental role in the maintenance of the oligomeric organization. Our results indicate that the ability of integrase to use Mg(2+) as a cofactor is related to its self-assembly state in solution, whereas Mn(2+)-dependent activity is not. Finally, the oligomeric IN(zn) was capable of binding efficiently to DNA regardless of the cationic cofactor, whereas the monomeric IN(CHAPS) strictly required Mn(2+). Thus, we propose that a specific conformation of integrase is a prerequisite for its binding to DNA in the presence of Mg(2+).
Transient Voltage Sharing in Series Coupled High Voltage Switches (2005)

For switching voltages in excess of the maximum blocking voltage of a switching elment (for example, thyristor, MOSFET or bipolar transistor), such elements are often coupled in series and additional circuitry has to be provided to ensure equal voltage sharing Between each such series element and system ground there exist a certain parasitic capacitance which may draw a significant current during high speed voltage transients. The "open" switch is modelled as a ladder network. Analysis reveals an exponential progression in the distribution of the applied voltage across the elements. Overstressing thus occurs in some of the elements at levels of the total voltage which are significantly below the design value. This difficulty is overcome by grading the voltage sharing circuitry, coupled in parallel with each element, in a prescribed manner, as presented here.
Practical experience of the limitations of gprof (1993)

Abstract The Unix profiling tool Gprof produces an execution profile in which the time taken by each routine is added to that of its caller. This communication demonstrates that gprof generates a misleading profile when a routine is called from more than one module.
In Vitro Production of Dendritic Cells from Human Blood Monocytes for Therapeutic Use (2001)

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells that are promising adjuvants for clinical immunotherapy. Methods to generate in vitro large numbers of functional human DC using either peripheral blood monocytes or CD34(+) pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells have been now developed. For this purpose, their in vitro production for further clinical use need to fit good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions. In the present review, we give our experience of such a procedure: it includes collection of mononuclear cells by apheresis, separation of monocytes by elutriation, and culture of monocytes with GM-CSF + IL-13 + human serum (autologous patient's serum or AB serum) or in a serum-free medium (AIM V). The characteristics of monocyte-derived DC grown in these various conditions varied mainly regarding their phenotype and their morphology in confocal microscopy, whereas no significant differences were found in their capacity to phagocytize latex particles and to stimulate allogeneic (MLR) or autologous lymphocytes (antigen-presentation tests). The DC were also cryopreserved in bags (either by putting the bags directly in a -80 degrees C mechanical freezer or using a classical liquid nitrogen controlled-rate freezer at -1 degrees C/min) in a solution containing 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) and 2% human albumin in doses of DC available for several infusions. The mean recoveries after freezing and thawing were not statistically different (around 70%). The immunophenotype of DC, as well as the T lymphocyte-stimulating capacity, were not modified by the freezing--thawing procedure. The results obtained demonstrate that the experimental conditions we set up are easily applicable in clinical trials and lead to large numbers of well-defined DC. Clinical trials using DC already published will be discussed.
WeedMap: A Large-Scale Semantic Weed Mapping Framework Using Aerial Multispectral Imaging and Deep Neural Network for Precision Farming (2018)

The ability to automatically monitor agricultural fields is an important capability in precision farming, enabling steps towards more sustainable agriculture. Precise, high-resolution monitoring is a key prerequisite for targeted intervention and the selective application of agro-chemicals. The main goal of this paper is developing a novel crop/weed segmentation and mapping framework that processes multispectral images obtained from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using a deep neural network (DNN). Most studies on crop/weed semantic segmentation only consider single images for processing and classification. Images taken by UAVs often cover only a few hundred square meters with either color only or color and near-infrared (NIR) channels. Although a map can be generated by processing single segmented images incrementally, this requires additional complex information fusion techniques which struggle to handle high fidelity maps due to their computational costs and problems in ensuring global consistency. Moreover, computing a single large and accurate vegetation map (e.g., crop/weed) using a DNN is non-trivial due to difficulties arising from: (1) limited ground sample distances (GSDs) in high-altitude datasets, (2) sacrificed resolution resulting from downsampling high-fidelity images, and (3) multispectral image alignment. To address these issues, we adopt a stand sliding window approach that operates on only small portions of multispectral orthomosaic maps (tiles), which are channel-wise aligned and calibrated radiometrically across the entire map. We define the tile size to be the same as that of the DNN input to avoid resolution loss. Compared to our baseline model (i.e., SegNet with 3 channel RGB (red, green, and blue) inputs) yielding an area under the curve (AUC) of [background=0.607, crop=0.681, weed=0.576], our proposed model with 9 input channels achieves [0.839, 0.863, 0.782]. Additionally, we provide an extensive analysis of 20 trained models, both qualitatively and quantitatively, in order to evaluate the effects of varying input channels and tunable network hyperparameters. Furthermore, we release a large sugar beet/weed aerial dataset with expertly guided annotations for further research in the fields of remote sensing, precision agriculture, and agricultural robotics.
Structure Elucidation of Glycosidic Antibiotics, Glykenins, from Basidiomycetes sp. IV. Structure of Glykenin III. (1991)

Three new glycosidic antibiotics, glykenin (GK)-III A, B, and C (2a-c), were isolated as a mixture from a strain of Basidiomycetes sp. and identified as glycosides of C26-fatty acids and a diacetylated trisaccharide composed of glucose and two xyloses. The locations of the two acetyl groups were elucidated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), double quantum filter (DQF), and relayed chemical shift correlation spectroscopy (COSY) spectral analysis.
Studies of Arsenic Mobilization with Iron, Manganese and Copper in Borehole Sediments of the River Padma (2007)

Previous research suggested that there is a strong interrelation between As, Fe and Mn in their occurring, transport and exposure to the environment. In this context, a comparative study was conducted in this current experiment to correlate As, Fe, Cu and Mn by determining their concentration in sediments (upper & bore hole) at different depths in the river Padma. Six locations were selected as sampling sites from entering point (upstream) and end point (downstream) of the river Padma. Sampling was carried out by borehole technique at several depths ranging from 1 meter to 5 meters. The samples were digested with HClO4- HNO3 acid mixture of ratio 2:3 in an acid digestion bomb. Arsenic was determined by HVG-AAS technique and Fe, Mn and Cu were determined by Flame-AAS technique. Large amount of Fe has been obtained, which has endorsed the previous assumptions of the relations of As with Fe. The small correlation value in case of As, Fe and Mn indicates that not all the minerals of arsenic and Mn but only hydroxides of Fe and Mn interfere with As. The small amount of Cu obtained indicated that any relation between sources and exposure of As and Cu and their interaction is yet to be found out. Key word: Arsenic, Sediments, Borehole sediment, Acid digestion, HVG-AAS, Correlation