gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 10-bit 5-MS/s successive approximation ADC cell used in a 70-MS/s ADC array in 1.2-μm CMOS (1994)

A 10-bit 5-MS/s successive approximation ADC cell and a 70-MS/s parallel ADC array based on this cell, designed and fabricated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m CMOS process, are presented. The ADC cell was designed to have an input bandwidth of more than 35 MHz and a sampling time of 14 nS at a clock rate of 70 MHz. The parallel ADC array consists of 14 such cells which are timed in one clock cycle skew successively in order to obtain digitized data every clock cycle. A two-step principle based on unsymmetrical dual-capacitor charge-redistribution-coupling has been used. With the help of a reset function, the comparator presents a fast response to the successive comparison. Each successive approximation ADC cell occupies an area of 0.6 mm/sup 2/ and the core of the parallel ADC array occupies an area of 2.7/spl times/3.3 mm/sup 2/. The power consumptions for the cell and the parallel ADC array are 18 mW and 267 mW respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transpo-mAb display: Transposition-mediated B cell display and functional screening of full-length IgG antibody libraries (2016)

In vitro antibody display and screening technologies geared toward the discovery and engineering of clinically applicable antibodies have evolved from screening artificial antibody formats, powered by microbial display technologies, to screening of natural, full-IgG molecules expressed in mammalian cells to readily yield lead antibodies with favorable properties in production and clinical applications. Here, we report the development and characterization of a novel, next-generation mammalian cell-based antibody display and screening platform called Transpo-mAb Display, offering straightforward and efficient generation of cellular libraries by using non-viral transposition technology to obtain stable antibody expression. Because Transpo-mAb Display uses DNA-transposable vectors with substantial cargo capacity, genomic antibody heavy chain expression constructs can be utilized that undergo the natural switch from membrane bound to secreted antibody expression in B cells by way of alternative splicing of Ig-heavy chain transcripts from the same genomic expression cassette. We demonstrate that stably transposed cells co-express transmembrane and secreted antibodies at levels comparable to those provided by dedicated constructs for secreted and membrane-associated IgGs. This unique feature expedites the screening and antibody characterization process by obviating the need for intermediate sequencing and re-cloning of individual antibody clones into separate expression vectors for functional screening purposes. In a series of proof-of-concept experiments, we demonstrate the seamless integration of antibody discovery with functional screening for various antibody properties, including binding affinity and suitability for preparation of antibody-drug conjugates.
Comparing fiducial marker systems in the presence of occlusion (2017)

A fiducial marker system is a system of unique 2D (planar) marker, which is placed in an environment and automatically will be detected with a camera with a help of a corresponding detection algorithm. Application areas of these markers include industrial systems, augmented reality, robots navigation, human-robot interaction and others. Marker system designed for such different applications must be robust to such factors as view angles, occlusions, changing distances, etc. This paper compares three existing systems of markers: ARTag, AprilTag, and CALTag. As a benchmark, we use their reliability and detection rate in presence of occlusions of various types and intensity. The paper presents experimental comparison of these markers. The marker detection was performed with a simple inexpensive Web camera.
Complications of Vascular Access Procedures in Patients with Vena Cava Filters (2000)

From the Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan. Submitted for publication October 26, 1999. Accepted for publication May 26, 2000. Address for reprints: James W. Wagner, MD, Division of Trauma and Critical Care Surgery, Henry Ford Hospital, CFP-4, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202.
A Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Quetiapine Fumarate XR in Very Heavy‐Drinking Alcohol‐Dependent Patients (2011)

This multisite clinical trial showed no efficacy for quetiapine compared with placebo at reducing alcohol consumption in heavy-drinking alcohol-dependent patients.
Nitride-Based Materials for Flexible MEMS Tactile and Flow Sensors in Robotics (2017)

The response to different force load ranges and actuation at low energies is of considerable interest for applications of compliant and flexible devices undergoing large deformations. We present a review of technological platforms based on nitride materials (aluminum nitride and silicon nitride) for the microfabrication of a class of flexible micro-electro-mechanical systems. The approach exploits the material stress differences among the constituent layers of nitride-based (AlN/Mo, Si x N y /Si and AlN/polyimide) mechanical elements in order to create microstructures, such as upwardly-bent cantilever beams and bowed circular membranes. Piezoresistive properties of nichrome strain gauges and direct piezoelectric properties of aluminum nitride can be exploited for mechanical strain/stress detection. Applications in flow and tactile sensing for robotics are described.
Practical aspects of the transient regime in queuing systems (2007)

The issue of the initial, transient, non-stationary regime in the queuing system simulation modeling has been an important and still intriguing question for decades. A theoretical approximation for determining the relaxation time in the queuing process was used to show importance and effects of the transient regime on the measures of queuing system performances. The paper also offers the author's view on the nature of the initial transient regime issue as well as a possible way to tackle it.
Auditory and visual word processing studied with fMRI (1999)

Brain activations associated with semantic processing of visual and auditory words were investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). For each form of word presentation, subjects performed two tasks: one semantic, and one nonsemantic. The semantic task was identical for both auditory and visual presentation: single words were presented and subjects determined whether the word was concrete or abstract. In the nonsemantic task for auditory words, subjects determined whether the word had one syllable or multiple syllables. In the nonsemantic task for visual words, subjects determined whether the word was presented in lower case or upper case. There was considerable overlap in where auditory and visual word semantic processing occurred. Visual and auditory semantic tasks both activated the left inferior frontal (BA 45), bilateral anterior prefrontal (BA 10, 46), and left premotor regions (BA 6) and anterior SMA (BA 6, 8). Left posterior temporal (middle temporal and fusiform gyrus) and predominantly right-sided cerebellar activations were observed during the auditory semantic task but were not above threshold during visual word presentation. The data, when averaged across subjects, did not show obligatory activation of left inferior frontal and temporal language areas during nonsemantic word tasks. Individual subjects showed differences in the activation of the inferior frontal region while performing the same task, even though they showed similar response latency and accuracy.
Ocular manifestation of polychlorinated biphenyls intoxication. (1984)

One hundred thirty patients with polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) poisoning (46 males, 84 females) were examined in the department of Ophthalmology, Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan. The main ocular manifestations were profuse discharge from the eye, swelling and pigmentation of the upper lids, abnormal pigmentation of the conjunctivae, and hypersecretion and swelling of the Meibomian glands. Eye discharge was present in 104 (80.5%) of the 130 patients; swelling of upper lids was seen in 79 (60.4%); pigmentation of conjunctivae was found in 88 (67.6%); hypersecretion and cystic swelling of the Meibomian glands was seen in 92 (70.7%); and 5 patients (3.8%) required incision and drainage because of cystic formation with secondary infection of the Meibomian glands. PCB concentration in the blood was classified into five groups: 0-15 ppb, 16-40 ppb, 41-60 ppb, and over 100 ppb by gas chromatography. Positive clinical findings increased parallel to high blood PCB concentration. In particular, heavy pigmentation of conjunctivae, abnormal cystic formation and hypersecretion of the Meibomian glands occurred markedly in those patients whose blood PCB concentration was above 41 ppb. It is concluded that the severity of ocular manifestations was closely related to high blood PCB levels. Ocular signs might help not only as a guide to early diagnosis but might also serve to indicate the degree of poisoning by PCB.
Kv1.1 Potassium Channel Deficiency Reveals Brain-Driven Cardiac Dysfunction as a Candidate Mechanism for Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy (2010)

Mice lacking Kv1.1 Shaker-like potassium channels encoded by the Kcna1 gene exhibit severe seizures and die prematurely. The channel is widely expressed in brain but only minimally, if at all, in mouse myocardium. To test whether Kv1.1-potassium deficiency could underlie primary neurogenic cardiac dysfunction, we performed simultaneous video EEG-ECG recordings and found that Kcna1-null mice display potentially malignant interictal cardiac abnormalities, including a fivefold increase in atrioventricular (AV) conduction blocks, as well as bradycardia and premature ventricular contractions. During seizures the occurrence of AV conduction blocks increased, predisposing Kv1.1-deficient mice to sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP), which we recorded fortuitously in one animal. To determine whether the interictal AV conduction blocks were of cardiac or neural origin, we examined their response to selective pharmacological blockade of the autonomic nervous system. Simultaneous administration of atropine and propranolol to block parasympathetic and sympathetic branches, respectively, eliminated conduction blocks. When administered separately, only atropine ameliorated AV conduction blocks, indicating that excessive parasympathetic tone contributes to the neurocardiac defect. We found no changes in Kv1.1-deficient cardiac structure, but extensive Kv1.1 expression in juxtaparanodes of the wild-type vagus nerve, the primary source of parasympathetic input to the heart, suggesting a novel site of action leading to Kv1.1-associated cardiac bradyarrhythmias. Together, our data suggest that Kv1.1 deficiency leads to impaired neural control of cardiac rhythmicity due in part to aberrant parasympathetic neurotransmission, making Kcna1 a strong candidate gene for human SUDEP.
Mismatch Negativity-The Measure for Central Sound Representation Accuracy (1997)

The mismatch negativity (MMN), elicited by any discriminable change in a repetitive sound even when this sound is not attended to, provides a pre-perceptual physiological measure of the accuracy of the central sound representation in the human brain. This accuracy, which can be measured separately for the different features of the sound, determines the individual's sound discrimination accuracy in normal and various pathological conditions.
Atmospheric effects of large body impacts: The first few minutes (1982)

Impacts of kilometer-sized objects are expected to deposit many thousand megatons of energy in the air through the explosive expansion of vapor products. The fireball grows to a radius equal an atmospheric scale-height while the internal pressure is high. The fireball is accelerated upward by interaction with atmospheric pressure and density gradients. Gas velocities will reach orbital speeds before interaction with the magnetic field stops the rise, provided that the original energy deposited in the air exceeds roughly 12,000 Mt. Because the Cretaceous-Tertiary impact probably deposited several times this much energy in the atmosphere, gradient acceleration provides a probable mechanism for the worldwide dispersal of micrometer particles within a few hours after the impact.
A mitochondrial porin cDNA predicts the existence of multiple human porins (1993)

Pores formed in the outer membrane of mitochondria by mitochondrial porin make it permeable to water-soluble metabolites smaller than approximately 5 kDa. We have isolated a full-length cDNA encoding a human porin. This probe detects a single approximately 1.5-kilobase mRNA species on Northern blots, but multiple hybridizing bands on genomic Southern blots. The open reading frame predicts a 38.1-kDa protein with a pI of 6.59 that is homologous but not identical to a previously reported protein sequence of a 31-kDa porin isolated from human lymphocytes (porin 31HL). The most striking difference between the two porins is that the sequence predicted by the cDNA is longer than the 31HL porin by 27 amino acids at the amino terminus and 38 amino acids at the carboxyl terminus. The porin cDNA directs the in vitro translation of two protein species of approximately 32 and approximately 36 kDa, which appear to result from alternate usage of AUG initiation codons. The 32-kDa protein is the predominant species imported into both rat and yeast mitochondria in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that multiple porin proteins can be expressed in humans. Additionally, a porin consensus protein sequence has been identified that is conserved in eukaryotic organisms as diverse as yeast and man.
PROGRESS IN JOINING OF ADVANCED MATERIALS (1991)

This article highlights some recent developments in the joining of advanced materials, focusing on ceramic based materials, polymer based materials and metallic materials.
The cellular function of SCAP in metabolic signaling (2020)

Sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP) cleavage activating protein (SCAP) is a key regulator of SREBP maturation. SCAP induces translocation of SREBP from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus, allowing it to regulate cellular triglyceride and cholesterol levels. Previous studies have shown that suppression of SREBP activation in SCAP conditional knockout mice reduced the accumulation of intracellular triglycerides, which eventually causes the development of metabolic diseases such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. However, despite the significance of SCAP as a regulator of SREBP, its function has not been thoroughly discussed. In this review, we have summarized the function of SCAP and its regulatory proteins. Furthermore, we discuss recent studies regarding SCAP as a possible therapeutic target for hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia.
Adversarial Feature Augmentation for Unsupervised Domain Adaptation (2018)

Recent works showed that Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can be successfully applied in unsupervised domain adaptation, where, given a labeled source dataset and an unlabeled target dataset, the goal is to train powerful classifiers for the target samples. In particular, it was shown that a GAN objective function can be used to learn target features indistinguishable from the source ones. In this work, we extend this framework by (i) forcing the learned feature extractor to be domain-invariant, and (ii) training it through data augmentation in the feature space, namely performing feature augmentation. While data augmentation in the image space is a well established technique in deep learning, feature augmentation has not yet received the same level of attention. We accomplish it by means of a feature generator trained by playing the GAN minimax game against source features. Results show that both enforcing domain-invariance and performing feature augmentation lead to superior or comparable performance to state-of-the-art results in several unsupervised domain adaptation benchmarks.
Separately contacted electron-hole double layer in a GaAs/Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As heterostructure (1994)

We describe a method for creating closely spaced parallel two-dimensional electron and hole gases confined in 200 Å GaAs wells separated by a 200 Å wide AlxGa1−xAs barrier. Low-temperature ohmic contacts are made to both the electrons and holes, whose densities are individually adjustable between 1010/cm2 to greater than 1011/cm2.
Implementation of an active optical range sensor using laser slit for in-door intelligent mobile robot (2002)

The sensor with real-time environment recognition ability is one of the key technologies for autonomous robots. The authors have designed and implemented a small size optical range sensor for their experimental mobile robot. The sensor consists of a laser slit generator, a CCD image sensor and a processing unit. Using this sensor, the real-time obstacle avoiding function is realized and added to the autonomous navigation aspect of the robot.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Selective Adsorption for Removing Sulfur from Jet Fuel over Zeolite-Based Adsorbents (2003)

Adsorbents based on transition metal ion-exchanged Y zeolites (with Cu, Ni, Zn, Pd, and Ce ions) were synthesized and evaluated for the adsorptive desulfurization of a model jet fuel (MJF) and a real jet fuel (JP-8). Among the adsorbents tested, Ce-exchanged Y zeolites exhibited better adsorption capacity of about 10 mg of sulfur/g of adsorbent at 80 °C with a MJF containing 510 ppmw sulfur. The same adsorbent exhibited a sulfur adsorption capacity of about 4.5 mg/g for the real JP-8 jet fuel containing about 750 ppmw sulfur. Desulfurization of MJF under flow conditions at 80 °C showed a breakthrough capacity of about 2.3 mg/g of adsorbent. Ce-exchanged zeolites exhibited higher selectivity for sulfur compounds as compared to the selectivity of aromatics, for which a comparative study indicated that the sulfur compounds are adsorbed over Ce-exchanged Y zeolites via direct sulfur−adsorbent (S−M) interaction rather than via π-complexation. While the selectivity for 2-methyl benzothiophene (2-MBT) was higher in the static adsorption studies, the adsorption selectivity decreased in the order 5-methyl benzothiophene (5-MBT) > benzothiophene (BT) > 2-MBT under dynamic conditions. This trend was correlated to the electron density on sulfur atoms derived from computer-aided molecular orbital calculations.
Semi-automated discovery of server-based information oversharing vulnerabilities in Android applications (2017)

Modern applications are often split into separate client and server tiers that communicate via message passing over the network. One well-understood threat to privacy for such applications is the leakage of sensitive user information either in transit or at the server. In response, an array of defensive techniques have been developed to identify or block unintended or malicious information leakage. However, prior work has primarily considered privacy leaks originating at the client directed at the server, while leakage in the reverse direction -- from the server to the client -- is comparatively under-studied. The question of whether and to what degree this leakage constitutes a threat remains an open question. We answer this question in the affirmative with Hush, a technique for semi-automatically identifying Server-based InFormation OvershariNg (SIFON) vulnerabilities in multi-tier applications. In particular, the technique detects SIFON vulnerabilities using a heuristic that overshared sensitive information from server-side APIs will not be displayed by the application's user interface. The technique first performs a scalable static program analysis to screen applications for potential vulnerabilities, and then attempts to confirm these candidates as true vulnerabilities with a partially-automated dynamic analysis. Our evaluation over a large corpus of Android applications demonstrates the effectiveness of the technique by discovering several previously-unknown SIFON vulnerabilities in eight applications.
The Human Papilloma Virus E7 Oncoprotein Inhibits Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling by Blocking Binding of the Smad Complex to Its Target Sequence (2002)

The human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoprotein E7 is implicated in the etiology of cervical cancer associated with infection by HPV. HPV-positive cells develop resistance to TGF-β growth inhibitory activity through the inhibition of hypophosphorylation of pRb by papillomavirus type 16 E7 oncoprotein. In this study, we examined whether E7, in addition to its well known effects on pRb, might directly target the Smad proteins that mediate TGF-β signaling. Here, we show that E7 significantly blocks both Smad transcriptional activity and the ability of TGF-β to inhibit DNA synthesis. We found that E7 interacts constitutively with Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4. Confocal microscopic studies confirm that E7 and Smads co-localize <i>in vivo</i>. Using a canonical Smad DNA binding sequence, we found that E7 blocks Smad3 binding to its target sequence on DNA. These results suggest that suppression of Smad-mediated signaling by E7 may contribute to HPV-associated carcinogenesis.
Hydroxycinnamic Acids in <i>Crepidiastrum denticulatum</i> Protect Oxidative Stress-Induced Retinal Damage (2014)

We investigated the effects of an ethanol extract of C. denticulatum (EECD) in a mouse model of glaucoma established by optic nerve crush (ONC), and found that EECD significantly protected against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death caused by ONC. Furthermore, EECD effectively protected against N-methyl-d-aspartate-induced damage to the rat retinas. In vitro, EECD attenuated transformed retinal ganglion cell (RGC-5) death and significantly blunted the up-regulation of apoptotic proteins and mRNA level induced by 1-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine combined with glutamate, reduced reactive oxygen species production by radical species, and inhibited lipid peroxidation. The major EECD components were found to be chicoric acid and 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (3,5-DCQA) that have shown beneficial effects on retinal degeneration both in vitro and in vivo studies. Thus, EECD could be used as a natural neuroprotective agent for glaucoma, and chicoric acid and 3,5-DCQA as mark compounds for the development of functional food.
AIDS – An International Perspective (1987)

Current knowledge about AIDS and its causative agent, the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, is briefly reviewed and considered as a global health problem. WHO is committed to a global strategy of prevention and control of HIV infection, and this strategy is here outlined. Future generations will judge us for the actions we take or fail to take during the next few years, the authors conclude.
Akt inhibitors as an HIV-1 infected macrophage-specific anti-viral therapy (2008)

Since HIV-1 infected macrophages display highly elevated Akt activity, our results collectively show that PI3K/Akt inhibitors may be a novel therapy for interfering with the establishment of long-living HIV-1 infected reservoirs.