gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drilling Optimization Using Drilling Data and Available Technology (1994)

ABSTRACT This paper demonstrates how information obtained while drilling an oil or gas well, is utilized to optimize drilling costs for upcoming wells in the same field by creating a Geological Drilling Log (GDL). The GDL is created by using drilling models specific to the bits used for individual intervals to generate a formation profile of properties for the entire section drilled on a foot by foot basis. The simulation and optimization are used in the field with the GDL to properly select bits (Tricone or Natural Diamond) and operating conditions for the lowest cost per foot. The concept of a learning curve is utilized by conducting a number of simulations using the GDL, so that the optimum drilling parameters are obtained. The approach to drilling optimization using a simulator and a GDL in this study showed a substantial reduction in drilling cost. The drilling models used in this study are capable of accurately simulating the drilling of a well and reproducing realistic Rates of Penetration (ROPs).
Scleraxis: a novel target for anti‐fibrotic therapy? (2011)

Therapeutic approaches to managing cardiac fibrosis are lacking. Our objective is to examine the role of the transcription factor scleraxis (Scx) in cardiac type I collagen production, and to evaluate its potential for anti-fibrotic therapy development. We noted Scx expression in various collagen-producing cell types, including cardiac fibroblasts. Scx expression increases concomitant with collagen production, e.g. in response to TGF-β1 in vitro and in cardiac infarct scar or in pressure-overloaded myocardium in vivo. We have identified sites in the human collagen Iα2 (COLIα2) gene promoter mediating transactivation by scleraxis, and have shown that Scx is sufficient to induce ColIα2 expression in cardiac fibroblasts. Scx expression is regulated by the pro-fibrotic Smad signalling pathway downstream of TGF-β1, which regulates COLIα2 expression additively with Scx. A dominant-negative Scx mutant abrogated TGF-β1-mediated ColIα2 gene expression, suggesting that Scx activity is required for collagen expression in agreement with our finding of reduced cardiac collagen gene expression in Scx null mice. Scx thus plays a central and critical role in collagen expression in the heart, and targeting Scx activity or expression may provide a novel approach in the development of new anti-fibrotic therapies. Supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research & the St. Boniface Hospital Research Foundation.
A Companion to Shakespeare (2000)

Journal Article David Scott Kastan. A Companion to Shakespeare. Get access A Companion to Shakespeare. Edited by Scott Kastan David. Oxford and Maiden, Massachusetts: Blackwell, 1999. Pp. xii + 523. $125.00 cloth, $34.95 paper. Garrett A. Sullivan Jr. Garrett A. Sullivan Jr. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Shakespeare Quarterly, Volume 51, Issue 1, Spring 2000, Pages 100–102, https://doi.org/10.2307/2902329 Published: 01 April 2000
Advanced Completion and Stimulation Design Model for Maximum Reservoir Contact Wells (2014)

Abstract This paper introduces a novel computational simulator for advanced completion and stimulation design of Maximum Reservoir Contact (MRC) wells. Using innovative computational algorithms, this simulator models numerous challenging physics of acid stimulation and transient injection of multiple fluids through openhole complex completions, e.g. Limited-Entry Liners (LEL) and Inflow Control Devices (ICD) in MRC wells. LEL hole or ICD nozzle diameter, hole distributions, and packers are explicitly modeled as part of the completion. The fast, robust simulator tracks concentrations and models flow of multiple fluids while explicitly accounting for completion and formation pressure drops along the lateral and transient reservoir dynamics. Fluid invasion and stimulation distribution (wormhole and skin) along the lateral are computed by the simulator which is coupled with a dynamic wormhole model. A case history of the model application is presented. The model was used to design a limited-entry liner with 4 mm holes distributed non-uniformly among 12 compartments. The liner enabled successful high-rate bullhead stimulation of an 11,500-ft lateral, resulting in reduced cost, limited risk, and elimination of the need for coiled tubing. Model validation and calibration against the field data is discussed. Detailed evaluation of the well data suggests successful stimulation of the entire lateral and production uplift from every compartment. The paper presents a novel, fast simulator to model transient fluid placement through complex completions in MRC wells. The capability to robustly model a complex completion in long openhole laterals has enabled the design of successful bullhead acid stimulation through a limited entry liner. Apart from acid stimulation design, the simulator also provides capabilities to model various well injection processes in sandstone and carbonate reservoir, such as scale squeezes, solvent treatments, and HF acid treatments.
Technique for visualization and analysis of mural thrombogenesis (1986)

Epi-fluorescence video microscopy, digital image processing, and photodiode measurements were used to visualize and analyze mural thrombogenesis, the initial stages of blood platelet adhesion to and aggregation on a surface. This technique permitted real-time visualization, high-resolution, quantitative, off-line measurement of the growth of individual thrombi and high-resolution, quantitative, end-point measurement of the accumulation of platelets as a function of position on the surface.
A Model for Complexity Assessment in Manual Assembly Operations Through Predetermined Motion Time Systems (2016)

Manual assembly processes are favoured for supporting low volume production systems, high product variety, assembly operations that are difficult to automate and manufacturing in low-wage countries. However, manual operations can dramatically impact assembly cycle times, quality and cost when the complexity of the manual operation increases. This paper proposes a method for assessing the process complexity of manual assembly operations, using a representation of manual operations based on predetermined motion time systems. The purpose of this framework is to provide a tool that can be used practically to assess, and therefore control, the complexity of manual operations during their design.
Effect of parathyroid hormone on erythropoiesis. (1981)

Inhibitors of erythropoiesis have been found in the blood of uremic patients but their nature has not been identified. These patients have excess blood levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and it is possible that PTH inhibits erythropoiesis. The present study was undertaken to examine the effect of intact PTH molecules and some of its fragments on human peripheral blood and mouse bone marrow burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E), on mouse bone marrow erythroid colony-forming unit (CFU-E), and granulocyte macrophage progenitors (CFU-GM), and evaluate the interaction between PTH and erythropoietin (Ep) on human BFU-E. Intact PTH (1-84 bPTH) in concentrations (7.5-30 U/ml;) comparable to those found in blood of uremic patients produced marked and significant (P less than 0.01) inhibition of BFU-E and mouse marrow GFU-GM, but not of mouse marrow CFU-E. Inactivation of 1-84 bPTH abolished its action on erythropoiesis. Increasing the concentration of Ep in the media from 0.67 to 1.9 U/ml overcame the inhibitory effect of 1-84 bPTH on BFU-E. The N-terminal fragment of PTH (1-34 bPTH) and 53-84 hPTH had no effect on BFU-E. The results demonstrate that (a) either the intact PTH molecule or a C-terminal fragment(s) bigger than 53-84 moiety exerts the inhibitory effect on erythropoiesis, and (b) adequate amounts of Ep can overcome this action of PTH. The data provide one possible pathway for the participation of excess PTH in the genesis of the anemia of uremia.
Prevalence of diabetes in glaucoma. (1985)

Oral glucose 75 g was given to 352 patients with chronic glaucoma, acute glaucoma, or ocular hypertension and 73 patients without glaucoma. The proportion of patients with shallow anterior chambers who showed an abnormal response was significantly greater than that in patients with deep anterior chambers and in the control group (p less than 0.005). The probability of developing an abnormal response to oral glucose tests increased as the depth of the anterior chamber decreased; these two variables showed a significant negative linear correlation (r = -0.79, p less than 0.001). The high prevalence of autonomic dysfunction in patients with shallow anterior chambers and glaucoma may explain this association. Because of this, acute glaucoma should be regarded as a symptom of diabetes.
Space Partitioning for Scalable K-Means (2010)

K-Means is a popular clustering algorithm which adopts an iterative refinement procedure to determine data partitions and to compute their associated centres of mass, called centroids. The straightforward implementation of the algorithm is often referred to as `brute force' since it computes a proximity measure from each data point to each centroid at every iteration of the K-Means process. Efficient implementations of the K-Means algorithm have been predominantly based on multi-dimensional binary search trees (KD-Trees). A combination of an efficient data structure and geometrical constraints allow to reduce the number of distance computations required at each iteration. In this work we present a general space partitioning approach for improving the efficiency and the scalability of the K-Means algorithm. We propose to adopt approximate hierarchical clustering methods to generate binary space partitioning trees in contrast to KD-Trees. In the experimental analysis, we have tested the performance of the proposed Binary Space Partitioning K-Means (BSP-KM) when a divisive clustering algorithm is used. We have carried out extensive experimental tests to compare the proposed approach to the one based on KD-Trees (KD-KM) in a wide range of the parameters space. BSP-KM is more scalable than KDKM, while keeping the deterministic nature of the `brute force' algorithm. In particular, the proposed space partitioning approach has shown to overcome the well-known limitation of KD-Trees in high-dimensional spaces and can also be adopted to improve the efficiency of other algorithms in which KD-Trees have been used.
Detecting Anomalous User Behavior Using an Extended Isolation Forest Algorithm: An Enterprise Case Study (2016)

Anomalous user behavior detection is the core component of many information security systems, such as intrusion detection, insider threat detection and authentication systems. Anomalous behavior will raise an alarm to the system administrator and can be further combined with other information to determine whether it constitutes an unauthorised or malicious use of a resource. This paper presents an anomalous user behaviour detection framework that applies an extended version of Isolation Forest algorithm. Our method is fast and scalable and does not require example anomalies in the training data set. We apply our method to an enterprise dataset. The experimental results show that the system is able to isolate anomalous instances from the baseline user model using a single feature or combined features.
CONDUCTIVE CONCRETE FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC SHIELDING – METHODS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION (2012)

This research investigates the development and evaluation innovative methods for the use of conductive concrete as an electromagnetic shield. New testing methods are developed to determine the best conductive components to use in the design of a concrete mixture for shielding that shows the best promise. The conductive concrete mixture has the potential to provide electromagnetic shielding that is cost-effective in terms of construction, operation, and maintenance compared to conventional approaches. Two testing methods, Small Sample Testing and Large Slab Testing, are developed based on standardized testing methods that have been modified for the testing of conductive concrete mixtures. As a result of these innovative testing methods, a promising conductive concrete design has been chosen and the testing methods validated. Adviser: Lim Nguyen
Binding of Nucleotide Bases by Imprinted Polymers (1998)

Molecular imprinting technology was used to create polymeric receptors for the DNA and RNA bases. The binding affinity and selectivity of ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) methacrylic acid (MAA) imprinted copolymers were evaluated chromatographically. Specific binding was found for adenine, cytosine, and guanosine derivatives. These bases contain a 2-aminopyridine substructure previously found important for the binding and specificity of polymers imprinted with 9-ethyladenine. Thymine and uracil derivatives, which do not contain the 2-aminopyridine substructure, exhibited little specific binding to the imprinted polymers. The magnitude of the binding affinity for each of the nucleoside derivatives to its own imprinted polymer follows the order A > G > C > T, U. This differs from the order of binding between butyric acid and the RNA base derivatives in solution (G > C > A > U: Lancelot, G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1977, 99, 7037) or between control polymers that contain randomly distributed carboxylic acid groups and the DNA and RNA bases (C ≥ A > G > T, U).
Kinetic Study of the Decomposition of Nitrite to Nitrate in Acid Samples Using Raman Spectroscopy (1996)

Raman spectroscopy was employed as a means of determining the rate of decomposition of nitrite in solutions at various pH values. Nitrite decomposes with time in acidic medium, with an increase in decomposition rate as the concentration of acid increases. The mean decomposition rate of 0.625 mol/L NO − 2 in 1 mol/L HCl is 1.18 × 10 −5 s −1 , with t 1/2 = 16 h. This rate explains the problems encountered when the flow injection analysis (FIA) version of the Shinn reaction is applied to certain nitrite samples mainly from acidic origin. Nitrite is potentially unstable, and all food and water samples should be analyzed as soon as possible after collection. If it is necessary to store the samples prior to analysis, the effects of the storage conditions on the stability of the analyte must be established in prior trials.
Effects of Stress on Neurotrophic Factor Expression in the Rat Brain (1995)

Changes in neurotrophic factor expression in the brain are part of the stress response. Decreased BDNF may contribute to hippocampal damage that occurs during chronic stress or aging. Stress-induced increases in NT-3 may be important for neural plasticity and adaptation or sensitization to repeated stress. Stress-induced changes in neurotrophic factors may be particularly relevant to the cognitive changes that occur in recurrent depression, aging, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
An associated process for the purification of immuno globulin G, catalase, superoxide dismutase and albumin from haemolysed human placenta blood (2001)

The human placenta is a rich raw material for production of many biopharmaceutical products. Here we describe a co-purification process for the production of four different proteins from haemolysed human placenta blood: IgG, catalase (Cat), superoxide dismutase (Sod) and albumin (Alb). The process can be divided in two parts: the common steps and the specific separation techniques for each protein. The common steps are: extraction, haemoglobin precipitation, concentration/diafiltration and the first Q-Sepharose chromatography step. At this chromatography step the process is branched: while IgG and Cat were recovered in the flow-through, Sod and Alb were eluted separately. IgG and Cat were separated in a second Q-Sepharose chromatography step during which IgG was recovered in the flow-through, whereas Cat bound to the resin. IgG was purified by S-Sepharose chromatography, followed by selective precipitation with n-octanoic acid, yielding about 0.4 g of IgG per kg of placenta. Cat was eluted at the second Q-Sepharose chromatography step and was purified by Blue Sepharose chromatography. A total of 1.8 x 10(6) units of Cat were recovered/kg of placenta, with a specific activity of 45000 units/mg of protein. Sod was further purified by S-Sepharose and Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography steps and recovered in the non-adsorbed fractions. The yield of Sod was 2.1 x 10(5) units/kg of placenta, with a specific activity of 1194 units/mg of protein. Alb purification was followed by a combined process including thermocoagulation and treatment with activated charcoal. The final step was Phenyl-Sepharose chromatography. The process yielded 3.1 g of Alb/kg of placenta. The described methodology was designed to be easily scaled-up for industrial production.
Characterization of a Binding Site for Anionic Phospholipids on KCNQ1 (2010)

The KCNQ family of potassium channels underlie a repolarizing K(+) current in the heart and the M-current in neurones. The assembly of KCNQ1 with KCNE1 generates the delayed rectifier current I(Ks) in the heart. Characteristically these channels are regulated via G(q/11)-coupled receptors and the inhibition seen after phospholipase C activation is now thought to occur from membrane phosphatidylinositol (4,5)-bisphosphate (PIP(2)) depletion. It is not clear how KCNQ1 recognizes PIP(2) and specifically which residues in the channel complex are important. Using biochemical techniques we identify a cluster of basic residues namely, Lys-354, Lys-358, Arg-360, and Lys-362, in the proximal C terminus as being involved in binding anionic phospholipids. The mutation of specific residues in combination, to alanine leads to the loss of binding to phosphoinositides. Functionally, the introduction of these mutations into KCNQ1 leads to shifts in the voltage dependence of channel activation toward depolarized potentials and reductions in current density. Additionally, the biophysical effects of the charge neutralizing mutations, which disrupt phosphoinositide binding, mirror the effects we see on channel function when we deplete cellular PIP(2) levels through activation of a G(q/11)-coupled receptor. Conversely, the addition of diC8-PIP(2) to the wild-type channel, but not a PIP(2) binding-deficient mutant, acts to shift the voltage dependence of channel activation toward hyperpolarized potentials and increase current density. In conclusion, we use a combined biochemical and functional approach to identify a cluster of basic residues important for the binding and action of anionic phospholipids on the KCNQ1/KCNE1 complex.
Spinocerebellar ataxia: an update (2018)

Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) is a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative ataxic disorders with autosomal dominant inheritance. We aim to provide an update on the recent clinical and scientific progresses in SCA where numerous novel genes have been identified with next-generation sequencing techniques. The main disease mechanisms of these SCAs include toxic RNA gain-of-function, mitochondrial dysfunction, channelopathies, autophagy and transcription dysregulation. Recent studies have also demonstrated the importance of DNA repair pathways in modifying SCA with CAG expansions. In addition, we summarise the latest technological advances in detecting known and novel repeat expansion in SCA. Finally, we discuss the roles of antisense oligonucleotides and RNA-based therapy as potential treatments.
Intrapericardial bleomycin for the management of cardiac tamponade secondary to malignant pericardial effusion. (1990)

A patient with malignant pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade was treated by the instillation of intrapericardial bleomycin. The tumour deposits elsewhere in the body continued to progress and eventually killed the patient, but drainage and one dose of intrapericardial bleomycin prevented further episodes of pericardial effusion.
COMING TO YOUR CLASS I: REMOTE CONTROL (2002)

The locomotive remote control technology industry has been struggling for acceptance in the U.S., and they achieved major strides toward the end of 2001 and early 2002. Until that time, the strong opposition toward the use of remote control technology came from the United Transportation Union and the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers. But. on 12 January 2002, the UTU agreed to join the Class I railroads in pilot projects using remote control technology in switching operations. The pilot program will develop statistics relating to the specific location and operator of the railroad, but that data allows examination of all the variables in the mix which includes individual railroad operation and geography, to determine the impact of remote control on safety, compensation, job security. and economics.
[Expression of Runx3 and C-myc in human colorectal cancer]. (2014)

Abnormal expressions in Runx3 and C-myc may contribute to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer and are closed correlated with the patient's clinicopathological parameters.
Analysis of belief-propagation decoding of LDPC codes over the biAWGN channel using improved Gaussian approximation based on the mutual information measure (2003)

Summary form only given. The capacity of the message-passing decoder for LDPC codes can be computed by the density evolution algorithm by iteratively computing message densities. The infinite-dimensional problem of iteratively calculating the message densities in the case of the binary input AWGN channel and the belief propagation decoder can be simplified to a one-dimensional problem by using a Gaussian approximation. By assuming Gaussian densities the density evolution simplifies to updating means of Gaussian densities. An improved Gaussian approximation algorithm is suggested for computing the capacity of the BP decoder based on the mutual information measure. An analytical method for computing the mutual information of a transmitted bit with the message corresponding to it is proposed. Using this method we can approximate the non-Gaussian message by a Gaussian message that has the same mutual information with the transmitted bit. Computationally, the algorithm is similar to the Gaussian approximation algorithm proposed in Chung (2001). For various regular LDPC codes that were examined, the algorithm computed threshold values within 0.01dB or less from the exact threshold which is an improvement over the Gaussian approximation. Furthermore, additional insight on the convergence process can be gained from EXIT charts that can be derived from the algorithm. This can assist in designing better irregular LDPC codes.
Rigid organic molds for nanoimprint lithography by replica molding of high glass transition temperature polymers (2004)

The glass transition of polycarbonate resins of high softness temperature is exploited to realize rigid polymeric replicas of master patterns, with no need for antisticking layers and applied pressure. Such replicas enable the transfer of patterns onto polymers having a lower glass-transition temperature by nanoimprint lithography. As a demonstration, we show the pattern transfer onto poly(methylmethacrylate), which demonstrates good fidelity and remarkable simplicity of the process.
Privacy-preserving data mining: why, how, and when (2004)

Data mining is under attack from privacy advocates because of a misunderstanding about what it actually is and a valid concern about how it is generally done. This article shows how technology from the security community can change data mining for the better, providing all its benefits while still maintaining privacy.