gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrically tunable collective response in a coupled micromechanical array (2002)

We employ optical diffraction to study the mechanical properties of a grating array of suspended doubly clamped beams made of Au. The device allows application of electrostatic coupling between the beams that gives rise to formation of a band of normal modes of vibration (phonons). We parametrically excite these collective modes and study the response by measuring the diffraction signal. The results indicate that nonlinear effects strongly affect the dynamics of the system. Further optimization will allow employing similar systems for real-time mechanical spectrum analysis of electrical waveforms.
Modern Formation, Ethnic Reformation: The Social Sources of the American Nation (2002)

The question, 'When is the nation?', ranks second in importance only to the related query, 'Why is the nation?' in the contemporary social science and humanities literature on nationalism. This issue is confronted by this essay, which considers Anthony Smith's important perennialist-modernist dichotomy through the lens of the American experience. Along the way, it will address the related but independent question of whether nations are 'top-down' artefacts constructed by the modern state, or 'bottom-up' social formations generated by ethnic groups within civil society. The importance of this theoretical question lies not merely with the antiquarian interest in how our world system of nations emerged, but with the more pressing question of why it is persistently re-created, and, for idealists, how it may be superseded.
Leaking privacy and shadow profiles in online social networks (2017)

Social interaction and data integration in the digital society can affect the control that individuals have on their privacy. Social networking sites can access data from other services, including user contact lists where nonusers are listed too. Although most research on online privacy has focused on inference of personal information of users, this data integration poses the question of whether it is possible to predict personal information of nonusers. This article tests the shadow profile hypothesis, which postulates that the data given by the users of an online service predict personal information of nonusers. Using data from a disappeared social networking site, we perform a historical audit to evaluate whether personal data of nonusers could have been predicted with the personal data and contact lists shared by the users of the site. We analyze personal information of sexual orientation and relationship status, which follow regular mixing patterns in the social network. Going back in time over the growth of the network, we measure predictor performance as a function of network size and tendency of users to disclose their contact lists. This article presents robust evidence supporting the shadow profile hypothesis and reveals a multiplicative effect of network size and disclosure tendencies that accelerates the performance of predictors. These results call for new privacy paradigms that take into account the fact that individual privacy decisions do not happen in isolation and are mediated by the decisions of others.
Los sufijos en el Quechua ayacuchano: Esbozo de una sistemática didáctica y analítica (2015)

Se intenta establecer, de manera ecléctica, pero en parte también innovadora, una sistemática terminológica y clasificatoria más coherente y práctica de los sufijos del quechua ayacuchano-chanca, explícitamente elaborada con fines didácticos, presentándola, en su conjunto, en esquemas detallados y explicando brevemente sus problemas principales.
United States of America (2016)

There is a growing body of statutory laws in the United States that provide protection to whistleblowers. This chapter will focus on the development of the modern federal whistleblower protection statutes, their origin in good government initiatives, the elements needed to prove whistleblower retaliation under the law, and the role of the US Office of Special Counsel.
A STUDY ON THE TRANSLATION MECHANISM FROM RELATIONAL-BASED DATABASE TO COLUMN-BASED DATABASE (2012)

Lately, column-based database (CDB) has been considered as a standard solution dealing with the big data. But there is no standard translation mechanism mapping from Relational Database (RDB) to CDB. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism translating RDB to CDB. We use HBase as our CDB platform. HBase is a column-based distributed database management system built on Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) and has been considered as the typical column-based database on HDFS. In addition, we build a search engine for Taiwan academic journals using our translation mechanism.
Self‐Organizing Maps for In Silico Screening and Data Visualization (2011)

Self-organizing maps, which are unsupervised artificial neural networks, have become a very useful tool in a wide area of disciplines, including medicinal chemistry. Here, we will focus on two applications of self-organizing maps: the use of self-organizing maps for in silico screening and for clustering and visualisation of large datasets. Additionally, the importance of parameter selection is discussed and some modifications to the original algorithm are summarised.
Experiences with User-Centered Design for the Tigres Workflow API (2014)

Scientific data volumes have been growing exponentially. This has resulted in the need for new tools that enable users to operate on and analyze data. Cyber infrastructure tools, including workflow tools, that have been developed in the last few years has often fallen short if user needs and suffered from lack of wider adoption. User-centered Design (UCD) process has been used as an effective approach to develop usable software with high adoption rates. However, UCD has largely been applied for user-interfaces and there has been limited work in applying UCD to application program interfaces and cyber infrastructure tools. We use an adapted version of UCD that we refer to as Scientist-Centered Design (SCD) to engage with users in the design and development of Tigres, a workflow application programming interface. Tigres provides a simple set of programming templates (e.g., sequence, parallel, split, merge) that can be can used to compose and execute computational and data transformation pipelines. In this paper, we describe Tigres and discuss our experiences with the use of UCD for the initial development of Tigres. Our experience-to-date is that the UCD process not only resulted in better requirements gathering but also heavily influenced the architecture design and implementation details. User engagement during the development of tools such as Tigres is critical to ensure usability and increase adoption.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for the Preparation of 2‐Hydroxy‐ and 2‐Aminoglycals from Glycosyl Sulfoxides. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A molecular dynamics simulation of the Lennard-Jones liquid–vapor interface (1988)

The surface tension of a Lennard-Jones liquid–vapor interface has been determined accurately in a molecular dynamics simulation. Our values tend to be smaller than those from previous simulations. It is shown that the usually truncated tail of the potential strongly increases the surface tension if taken into account.
A study on the alkylsilyl groups in oligoribonucleotide synthesis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA study on the alkylsilyl groups in oligoribonucleotide synthesisTaifeng Wu and Kelvin K. OgilvieCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 15, 4717–4724Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00302a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00302a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views287Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antioxidant properties of<i>N</i>‐acetylcysteine: their relevance in relation to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2004)

Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Both reactive oxidant species from inhaled cigarette smoke and those endogenously formed by inflammatory cells constitute an increased intrapulmonary oxidant burden. Structural changes to essential components of the lung are caused by oxidative stress, contributing to irreversible damage of both parenchyma and airway walls. In addition, oxidative stress results in alterations in the local immune response, increasing the risk of infections and exacerbations, which, in turn, may accelerate lung function decline. The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, a glutathione precursor, has been applied in these patients in order to reduce symptoms, exacerbations and the accelerated lung function decline. This article reviews the presently available experimental and clinical data on the antioxidative effects of N-acetylcysteine in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Tissue Factor and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 2 Expression in Human Stimulated Monocytes is Inhibited by Heparin (1997)

Stimulated monocytes are involved in blood clotting and fibrin dissolution by synthesizing tissue factor (TF) and fibrinolytic components such as plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2). Heparin interacts with smooth muscle cells, platelets, and endothelial cells and specifically binds to human monocytes. In endothelial and smooth muscle cells, heparin selectively inhibits collagenase and tissue plasminogen activator gene expression. To investigate (1) heparin's influence on the hemostatic system by its interactions with plasma factors and cellular elements and (2) to determine its effects on gene expression in blood circulating cells, we studied the effect of heparin on TF and PAI-2 protein and mRNA in human lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-stimulated monocytes. TF and PAI-2 proteins were investigated by ELISA and by assaying procoagulant activity. The mRNA study was carried out by an initial PCR screening followed by a Northern blot semiquantitative analysis. Heparin (0.5 U/mL) inhibited both TF and PAI-2 production and gene expression. The contemporaneous protein and mRNA decrease (TF and PAI-2 protein 22 and 42%, respectively; suggests that this action is, at least partially, at the transcriptional level. The effect is not specific for heparin and is not demonstrated by other glycosaminoglycans (chondroitin-4-sulfate or dermatan sulfate). This action may be relevant for the antithrombotic activity of heparin in cell-mediated blood clotting activation.
Cell Cycle–Dependent Regulation of Smooth Muscle Cell Activation (2004)

Early cell cycle phases may represent states in which the responses to a variety of stimuli that influence cell fate can be modulated, and these observations may have novel implications for the prevention and/or therapy of vascular proliferative, neoplastic, and inflammatory diseases.
Wirelessly Powered Backscatter Communication Networks: Modeling, Coverage, and Capacity (2017)

Future Internet-of-Things (IoT) will connect billions of small computing devices embedded in the environment and support their device-to-device (D2D) communication. Powering the massive number of embedded devices is a key challenge of designing IoT, since batteries increase the devices' form factors and battery recharging/replacement is difficult. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel network architecture that enables D2D communication between passive nodes by integrating wireless power transfer and backscatter communication, which is called a wirelessly powered backscatter communication (WP-BackCom) network. In this network, standalone power beacons (PBs) are deployed for wirelessly powering nodes by beaming unmodulated carrier signals to targeted nodes. Provisioned with a backscatter antenna, a node transmits data to an intended receiver by modulating and reflecting a fraction of a carrier signal. Such transmission by backscatter consumes orders-of-magnitude less power than a traditional radio. Thereby, the dense deployment of low-complexity PBs with high transmission power can power a large-scale IoT. In this paper, a WP-BackCom network is modeled as a random Poisson cluster process in the horizontal plane where PBs are Poisson distributed and active ad hoc pairs of backscatter communication nodes with fixed separation distances form random clusters centered at PBs. The backscatter nodes can harvest energy from and backscatter carrier signals transmitted by PBs. Furthermore, the transmission power of each node depends on the distance from the associated PB. Applying stochastic geometry, the network coverage probability and transmission capacity are derived and optimized as functions of backscatter parameters, including backscatter duty cycle, reflection coefficient, and the PB density. The effects of the parameters on network performance are quantified.
An Enzyme-Based E-DNA Sensor for Sequence-Specific Detection of Femtomolar DNA Targets (2008)

In this work, we report an enzyme-based E-DNA sensor for the sequence-specific detection of nucleic acids. This DNA sensor employs a "stem-loop" DNA probe dually labeled with biotin and digoxigenin (DIG). The probe is immobilized at an avidin-modified electrode surface via the biotin-avidin bridge, and the DIG serves as an affinity tag for the enzyme binding. In the initial state of the sensor, the probe adopts the stem-loop structure, which shields DIG from being approached by a bulky horseradish peroxidase-linked-anti-DIG antibody (anti-DIG-HRP) due to the steric effect. After hybridization, the probe undergoes a significant conformational change, forcing DIG away from the electrode. As a result, the DIG label becomes accessible by the anti-DIG-HRP, and the target hybridization event can be sensitively transduced via the enzymatically amplified electrochemical current signal. By using this new strategy, we demonstrate that the prototype E-DNA sensor has been able to detect as low as femtomolar DNA targets with excellent differentiation ability for even single mismatches.
α1,3-L-Fucosyltransferase Expression in Developing Human Myeloid Cells (1996)

In an attempt to correlate the cell surface expression of Lex and sialyl-Lex structures in immature and mature myeloid cells with the genes expressing alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase(s) we have examined: 1) the properties of the cellular alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases and the mRNA transcripts corresponding to the five cloned genes, Fuc-TIII, Fuc-TIV, Fuc-TV, Fuc-TVI, and Fuc-TVII, in mature granulocytes and in the myeloid cell line HL-60, before and after dimethyl sulfoxide-induced differentiation and 2) the properties of the alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases expressed in COS-7 cells transfected with plasmids containing Fuc-TIV and Fuc-TVII cDNAs. The previously shown increase in cell surface expression of sialyl-Lex on differentiation of HL-60 cells (Skacel P. O., Edwards A. J., Harrison C. T., and Watkins W. M. (1991) Blood 78, 1452-1460) is accompanied by a sharp fall in expression of Fuc-TIV mRNA and a persistence of expression of Fuc-TVII mRNA. The properties of the alpha1,3-fucosyltransferase expressed in COS-7 cells transfected with Fuc-TIV are consistent with this being the major gene responsible for the expression of Lex in the immature myeloid cells. In Northern blot analyses, no transcripts of Fuc-TIII, Fuc-TV, or Fuc-TVI were detected in total RNA from mature granulocytes or mRNA from HL-60 cells before or after differentiation. In total RNA from mature granulocytes, Fuc-TIV transcripts were only faintly visible, whereas Fuc-TVII transcripts were quite definitely expressed. The specificity properties of Fuc-TVII expressed in COS-7 cells are consistent with this gene being the major candidate alpha1, 3-fucosyltransferase controlling the expression of sialyl-Lex on mature cells. However, Lex continues to be expressed on the surface of mature granulocytes and cell extracts retain the capacity to transfer fucose to non-sialylated acceptor substrates. The question therefore remains as to whether these properties result from the weakly expressed Fuc-TIV gene or whether another alpha1, 3-fucosyltransferase gene remains to be identified.
Integrating discrete-event and time-based models with optimization for resource allocation (2012)

Optimization's importance for technical systems' performance can hardly be overstated. Even small improvements can result in substantial cost, resources and time savings. A constructive approach to dynamic system optimization can formalize the optimization problem in a mathematical sense. The complexity of modern systems, however, often prohibits such formalization, especially when different modeling paradigms interact. Phenomena, such as parasitic effects, present additional complexity. This work employs a generative approach to optimization, where computational simulation of the problem space is combined with a computational optimization approach in the solution space. To address the multi-paradigm nature, simulation relies on a unifying semantic domain in the form of an abstract execution framework that can be made concrete. Because of the flexibility of the computational infrastructure, a highly configurable integrated environment is made available to the optimization expert. The overall approach is illustrated with a resource allocation problem, which combines continuous-time, discrete-event, and state-transition systems.
Humidity compensation by neural network for bad-smell sensing system using gas detector tube and built-in camera (2009)

Cheap and rapid sensing system is required for detecting bad smell or VOC. Although a gas detector tube is known as simple gas detection method, its measurement process has not been automated. We studied an automated measurement system for gas detector tube using a built-in camera. Although the measurement was automated using our system, other problem was disclosed. Since a digital camera is sensitive to color change, the slight change due to humidity, which is not the problem for manual inspection, cannot be ignored in our system. Thus, the humidity sensor was added to the system. However, the simple compensation method such as linear regression etc did not work because the humidity influenced the data in a complicated manner. Then, MLP (multilayer perceptron) neural network was used for the humidity compensation. Both discoloration area and the humidity data were input to the neural network. As a result, the accurate concentration estimation was successfully performed.
Quality control tool for asphalt emulsion-based chip seal curing times (2017)

Due to its ease of use, favorable economics and effectiveness, asphalt emulsion-based chip seals are one of the most widely used preventive maintenance treatments for pavements. The main advantage of applying emulsified asphalt is the low-temperature and low-volatile emission application. However, one inherent concern of asphalt emulsion-based chip seals is curing time. This paper discusses the potential of using electrical resistance measurements as a quality control tool to manage or reduce the uncertainties related to asphalt emulsion curing, and also as a means to ensure quality of construction. Furthermore, the implementation of such an approach has great potential as an early-life performance tool for diverse asphalt emulsion applications.
Differential Stress-Induced Regulation of Two Quinone Reductases in the Brown Rot Basidiomycete<i>Gloeophyllum trabeum</i> (2004)

Quinone reductases (QRDs) have two important functions in the basidiomycete Gloeophyllum trabeum, which causes brown rot of wood. First, a QRD is required to generate biodegradative hydroxyl radicals via redox cycling between two G. trabeum extracellular metabolites, 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone (2,5-DMHQ) and 2,5-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2,5-DMBQ). Second, because 2,5-DMBQ is cytotoxic and 2,5-DMHQ is not, a QRD is needed to maintain the intracellular pool of these metabolites in the reduced form. Given their importance in G. trabeum metabolism, QRDs could prove useful targets for new wood preservatives. We have identified two G. trabeum genes, each existing in two closely related, perhaps allelic variants, that encode QRDs in the flavodoxin family. Past work with QRD1 and heterologous expression of QRD2 in this study confirmed that both genes encode NADH-dependent, flavin-containing QRDs. Real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses of liquid- and wood-grown cultures showed that qrd1 expression was maximal during secondary metabolism, coincided with the production of 2,5-DMBQ, and was moderately up-regulated by chemical stressors such as quinones. By contrast, qrd2 expression was maximal during fungal growth when 2,5-DMBQ levels were low, yet was markedly up-regulated by chemical stress or heat shock. The total QRD activity in lysates of G. trabeum mycelium was significantly enhanced by induction beforehand with a cytotoxic quinone. The promoter of qrd2 contains likely antioxidant, xenobiotic, and heat shock elements, absent in qrd1, that probably explain the greater response of qrd2 transcription to stress. We conclude from these results that QRD1 is the enzyme G. trabeum routinely uses to detoxify quinones during incipient wood decay and that it could also drive the biodegradative quinone redox cycle. However, QRD2 assumes a more important role when the mycelium is stressed.
Sterols and Isoprenoids: Signaling Molecules Derived from the Cholesterol Biosynthetic Pathway (1999)

Compounds derived from the isoprenoid/cholesterol biosynthetic pathway have recently been shown to have novel biological activities. These compounds include certain sterols, oxysterols, farnesol, and geranylgeraniol, as well as the diphosphate derivatives of isopentenyl, geranyl, farnesyl, geranylgeranyl, and presqualene. They regulate transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that in turn affect lipid synthesis, meiosis, apoptosis, developmental patterning, protein cleavage, and protein degradation.