gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laser drilling of fuel injection components (2000)

Legislation governing emissions from automotive vehicles is forcing engine component manufacturers to explore new technologies to reduce emissions. Laser drilling offers a number of potential benefits which can help them achieve that aim including smaller injection holes or specially shaped holes. Visible and UV lasers with nanosecond pulse durations, diffraction-limited beam quality and high pulse repetition rates have demonstrated an ability to machine a wide variety of materials with sub-micron precision and sub-micron-sized heat-affected zones. Manufacturing applications for these lasers include orifice drilling in fuel injection components. Laser drilling of fuel injection components presents many technological challenges. The orifice dimensions and geometry must be precise and highly repeatable. Diesel fuel injectors present a particular challenge because the closed geometry of the injector tip means that it is very easy to damage the wall opposite the laser drilled hole. In this paper we will present results in drilling small precise holes, shaped holes and methods for preventing damage to the back wall in diesel nozzles. Holes as small as 20 microns diameter have been drilled. Holes with different shapes and tapers have also been drilled.
Distributed autonomic resource management for network virtualization (2010)

Network virtualization is an emerging trend claimed to reduce the costs of future networks. The key strategy in network virtualization is of slicing physical resources (links, routers, servers, etc.) to create virtual networks composed of subsets of these slices. One important challenge on network virtualization is the resource management of the physical or substrate networks. Sophisticated management techniques should be used to accomplish such management. The sophisticated techniques offered by autonomic communications rise as an appropriated alternative to address the challenges of managing the efficient use of substrate resources on network virtualization. Thus, this paper proposes a distributed self-organizing model to manage the substrate network resources. An evaluation scenario is depicted and simulations show that approximately 36.8% of the network traffic load can be spared when the self-organizing model is enabled in the evaluated scenario.
Software Toolbox for Low-Frequency Conductivity and Current Density Imaging Using MRI (2017)

Users of the toolbox can focus on experimental designs and interpretations of reconstructed images instead of developing their own image reconstruction softwares. We expect more toolbox functions to be added from future research outcomes.
A Dominant Major Locus in Chromosome 9 of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Confers Tolerance to 48  C High Temperature at Seedling Stage (2012)

In an earlier greenhouse screening, we identified a local indica cultivar HT54 tolerant to high temperature at both seedling and grain-filling stages. In this study, we develop an optimized procedure for fine assessment of this heat tolerance. The results indicated that HT54 seedlings could tolerate high temperature up to 48 °C for 79h. The genetic analysis of F(1) and F(2) offspring derived from the cross between HT54 and HT13, a heat-sensitive breeding line, reveals that the heat tolerance of HT54 was controlled by a dominant major locus, which has been designated as OsHTAS (Oryza sativa heat tolerance at seedling stage). This locus was mapped on rice chromosome 9 within an interval of 420kb between markers of InDel5 and RM7364. The determined candidate ZFP gene has been confirmed to be cosegregated with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) developed PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) marker RBsp1407 in its promoter region. Another heat tolerance-associated SNP was identified in the first intron of its 5'-untranslated region. The existence of these SNPs thereby indicated that the OsHTAS locus contains at least two alleles. We named the one from HT54 as OsHTAS ( a ) and the one from HT13 as OsHTAS ( b ). Further dynamic expression analysis demonstrated that OsHTAS ( a ) was actively responsive to 45 °C high temperature stress compared with the OsHTAS ( b ) allele.
Selective Recognition of Bifunctional Molecules by Synthetic Polymers Prepared by Covalent Molecular Imprinting (2012)

Affinity polymeric adsorbents useful for the separation of compounds which are derivatives of phenols, heterocycles and other compounds containing two polar moieties were prepared by a covalent imprinting approach. Such separation, for example, would facilitate the analytical detection and quantification of each individual compound especially when present in complex sample matrix. The synthetic method, utilised for the preparation of the polymers, is based on co-polymerization of diacrylate esters of hydroxyphenols (catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone) with an appropriate cross-linker followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the esters and release of the corresponding phenol. The resulting swellable materials contain cavities with adjustable size and orientation of two carboxylic groups suited for the binding of molecules with appropriate size and complementary orientation of polar groups. In contrast to conventional MIPs the synthesized polymers have selectivity not only for the phenolic templates, but also for a group of compounds with suitable orientations of polar functionalities, such as aromatic nitrogen, amino or hydroxyl groups. Polymers demonstrated different affinity to ortho-, metaand para-isomers of hydroxyphenols, hydroxypyridines and diazine heterocycles.
CESIUM/SODIUM SEPARATION BY NANOFILTRATION-COMPLEXATION IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM (2001)

Some nuclear effluents contain traces of radioactive elements in sodium salt media, from which radioactive cesium must be separated. Various processes (among them liquid/liquid extraction and ion exchange) can perform such separation, but they produce additional wastes. Therefore, nanofiltration has been selected as a new separation process that may allow a large volume reduction without generating additional wastes. Nanofiltration is a pressuredriven membrane process, between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, that can separate species at the ionic scale. To perform the separation of cesium from highly salted aqueous medium, a nanofiltration process was combined with a cesium- selective complexation step. Ligands that were known to be highly cesium-selective in organic solvents were synthesized and modified in order to make them hydrosoluble. Ligands such as resorcinarenes or calixarenes were then tested through a nanofiltration system. One of them allowed cesium removal of 90% in an aqueous medium containing 250 g/L of sodium nitrate. By combining two such nanofiltration-complexation stages, it is now possible to remove 99% of trace-level radioactive cesium.
Development of the selective coagulation process. Fourth quarter technical progress report, July 1, 1991--September 30, 1991 (1991)

The aim of this project is to develop an economical method for producing low-sulfur and low-ash coals using the selective hydrophobic coagulation (SHC) process. This work has been divided into three tasks: (1) project planning and sample acquisition; (2) studies of the fundamental mechanism(s) of the selective coagulation process and the parameters that affect the process of separating coal from both the ash-forming minerals and pyritic sulfur; and (3) bench-scale process development test work to establish the best possible method(s) of separating the hydrophobic and coagula from the dispersed mineral matter.
Microwave-Mediated Synthesis of Labeled Nucleotides with Utility in the Synthesis of DNA Probes (2010)

A novel method of linking haptens to deoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate via microwave-mediated bisulfate-catalyzed transamination with hydrazine has been developed. This method enables the tethering of small molecule haptens to dCTP via a discrete polyethylene glycol (PEG) spacer, yielding N(4)-aminodeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate-dPEG-haptens. This synthetic approach employs microwave-catalyzed hydrazinolysis that enables the attachment of spacers via hydrazine linkages. The microwave-mediated introduction of this hydrazine handle provides a significant improvement in yield over those of published thermal methods. The microwave reaction was shown to be scalable, and the final product was amenable to labeling with a wide variety of haptens. The resulting nucleotide triphosphates, N(4)-aminodeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate-dPEG-haptens, can serve as unique substrates for the enzyme-mediated labeling of DNA probes. The efficacy of incorporation of one such novel nucleotide, N(4)-aminodeoxycytidine 5'-triphosphate-dPEG(4)-DNP, has been demonstrated in nick translation labeling of HER2 and HPV probes. The labeled probes have been shown to be effective in visualizing their target genes in tissue.
Novel sst<sub>4</sub>-Selective Somatostatin (SRIF) Agonists. 1. Lead Identification Using a Betide Scan (2003)

Hypothesizing that structural constraints in somatostatin (SRIF) analogues may result in receptor selectivity, and aiming to characterize the bioactive conformation of somatostatin at each of its five receptors, we carried out an N(beta)-methylated aminoglycine (Agl) scan of the octapeptide H-c[Cys(3)-Phe(6)-Phe(7)-dTrp(8)-Lys(9)-Thr(10)-Phe(11)-Cys(14)]-OH (SRIF numbering) (ODT-8) that is potent at all SRIF receptor subtypes (sst's) but sst(1). We found that H-c[Cys-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-Phe-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (4), H-c[Cys-Phe-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (6), H-c[Cys-Phe-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-dTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (8), and H-c[DCys-Phe-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (10) had high affinity (IC(50) = 14.3, 5.4, 5.2, and 3.4 nM, respectively) and selectivity for sst(4) (>50-fold over the other receptors). The l-configuration at positions 7 and 8 (l(7), l(8)) yields greater sst(4) selectivity than the l(7), d(8) configuration (6 versus 8). Peptides with the d(7), l(8) (7) and d(7), d(8) (9) configurations are significantly less potent at all receptors. H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DTrp-LAgl(betaAla)-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (16), H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DTrp-DAgl(betaAla)-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (17), and their N(beta)Me derivatives at position 9 (18, 19) were essentially inactive. Potent but less sst(4)-selective were members of the Agl-scan at positions 10, H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-dTrp-Lys-lAgl(N(beta)Me,HO-Ac)-Phe-Cys]-OH (20, IC(50) = 6.5 nM), and 11, H-c[Cys-Phe-Phe-DTrp-Lys-Thr-LAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-Cys]-OH (22, IC(50) = 6.9 nM), while the d-configuration at positions 10 (21) and 11 (23) led to reduced affinity. One of our best analogues, 8, is an agonist when tested for its ability to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation in sst(4)-transfected CCL39 cells (EC(50) = 1.01 nM). All Agl-containing analogues were first synthesized using unresolved Fmoc-Agl(N(beta)Me,Boc)-OH, and the diastereomers were separated using HPLC. Chiral assignment at the Agl-containing residue was subsequently done using enzymatic degradation and by de novo synthesis in the cases of H-c[Cys-Phe-DAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (9) and H-c[DCys-Phe-DAgl(N(beta)Me,benzoyl)-DTrp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Cys]-OH (11), starting with the papain-resolved Fmoc-DAgl(Boc). These results suggested that the orientation of side chains at position 6, 7, or 11 with respect to the side chains of residues 8 and 9 may be independently responsible for sst(4) selectivity.
Variable CYP2A6-mediated nicotine metabolism alters smoking behavior and risk. (2001)

Nicotine is the psychoactive substance responsible for tobacco dependence; smokers adjust their cigarette consumption to maintain brain nicotine levels. In humans, 70 to 80% of nicotine is metabolized to the inactive metabolite cotinine by the enzyme CYP2A6. CYP2A6 can also activate tobacco smoke procarcinogens [e.g., NNK, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone]. In initial studies we found that there was an under-representation of individuals carrying defective CYP2A6 alleles in a tobacco-dependent population, and that among smokers, those with deficient nicotine metabolism smoked fewer cigarettes. We have since reproduced this data in a prospective smoking study (400 male and female, heavy and light smokers) examining the role of the CYP2A6 genotype on carbon monoxide levels, plasma and urine nicotine and cotinine levels, and cigarette counts. We have also recently identified deletion and duplication variants in the CYP2A6 gene locus and have examined their impact on smoking. These data provide the impetus to examine how inhibition of CYP2A6 activity might be useful in a therapeutic context. Both kinetic and behavioral experiments in human smokers demonstrated that inhibiting CYP2A6 in vivo decreased nicotine metabolism and smoking behavior. This article summarizes the preliminary results from our studies.
Modelling and Estimation of Correlated MIMO-OFDM Fading Channels (2011)

This paper presents a general reduced-rank channel model and a corresponding low-complexity estimation scheme for wideband spatial-correlated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. We focus on orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) based systems. The proposed reduced-rank model is useful for many post-channel-estimation applications such as channel state information (CSI) feedback, precoder design and user/channel selection. Our work is an extension of an earlier investigation on narrowband MIMO channels. Like the narrowband case, the proposed wide channel estimator also offer the advantage of rendering both channel coefficients and mean angle of departure (AoD) simultaneously. BY exploiting the time, frequency, and spatial correlations of the channel and with continuous-type pilot symbols, we found that, even with as high as a compression ratio of 1%, our channel estimator is capable of maintaining an acceptable mean squared errors (MSE) in highly correlated environments. Both mathematical analysis and computer simulation, based on some industry-approved standard channel models, indicate that our algorithm outperform the conventional least-square estimator within most range of interest.
Inducing single-cell suspension of BTI-TN5B1-4 insect cells: I. The use of sulfated polyanions to prevent cell aggregation and enhance recombinant protein production (1997)

Sulfated polyanions have been successfully used to rapidly obtain and maintain stable single-cell suspension of BTI-TN5B1-4 cells, a cell line which has a high intrinsic capacity for recombinant protein production but clumps severely in suspension reducing its effectiveness as a host for foreign protein production with the baculovirus expression vector system. The efficacy of inducing single-cell suspension correlated positively with the increase in sulfation of the added polyanion. Unsulfated polyanions, neutral polymers, polycations, disaccharides, and monosaccharides were ineffective in inducing single-cell suspension.Elimination of clumping in suspension culture by adding a dispersing agent can lead to enhanced recombinant protein production. Inducing single-cell suspension with dextran sulfate, a highly sulfated polyanion, resulted in a four-fold increase in volumetric yield of the recombinant glycosylated protein, human secreted alkaline phosphatase, and a two-fold increase in volumetric yield of the recombinant cytoplasmic protein, beta-galactosidase. High yields of 82 U/ml (ca. 110 mg/L) for alkaline phosphatase, and 705 U/mL (ca. 2.3 g/L) for beta-galactosidase under elevated oxygen have been obtained. The optimum volumetric yield of alkaline phosphatase in BTI-TN5B1-4 dextran sulfate cells under elevated oxygen but unsupplemented medium is 6 to 11-fold higher than attached cultures, and 3-fold higher than the best yield obtained for SF21 cells in suspension at elevated oxygen and with nutrient supplementation. More importantly, cells can be infected at high density without complications from aggregation, which has important implications for scale-up.
Loading Classical Data into a Quantum Computer (2018)

This document describes a family of quantum circuits which load classical data into a quantum state. When loading $N$ classical bits, the result quantum state is of order $\log_2(N)$ qubits. Furthermore the gate depth of the data loading circuit is of order $\log_2(N)$. Limitations to the efficiency of the data loading process such as the Holevo bound are discussed. Methods to improve the efficiency of the data loading procedure such as combining classical compression techniques with quantum decompression circuitry, are also discussed. Simulations using the Quipper language were conducted to verify the circuits behavior.
Time-resolved analysis of the set process in an electrical phase-change memory device (2005)

An experimental investigation was carried out on the kinetic nature of the set process in a phase change memory device by combined analyses of set voltage wave forms and time-resolved low-field resistances. As it turned out, the progress of a set process may be measured in terms of three characteristic times in sequence i.e., threshold switching time tth, incubation time for crystallization tinc, and complete set time tset. These characteristic times are supposed to demarcate, in some measure, different stages of crystallization in the memory material during a set process. Each of these times has a strong dependence on input pulse voltage and particularly threshold switching time tth was found to have an exponentially decaying dependence. The latter may be related to the decreasing capacitance of an amorphous phase-change material with approaching threshold switching.
Scheduling Commercials on Broadcast Television (2004)

Television networks sell advertising slots to clients by the shows on which the commercials air. The networks determine the exact location in the show that a commercial will air at a later stage, usually close to the airdate of the show. There are several criteria the networks must meet in scheduling commercials in a show. The schedule should be such that no two commercials promoting competing products from different clients air in the same break. The audience ratings tend to be higher at the start and end of a commercial break than during the middle of the break. Therefore, advertisers generally prefer the first and last positions in a commercial segment, to those in the middle. TV networks normally promise their clients an equitable rotation of commercials among the positions within a commercial break. The scheduling of commercials on shows is traditionally done manually and is a cumbersome, time-intensive, and error-prone process. We formulate the commercial scheduling problem as an integer program and develop near-optimal heuristics for automatically scheduling the commercials to meet all the requirements. We implemented our algorithm at the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). In addition to reducing sales personnel costs by automating the scheduling of commercials, our work has increased customer satisfaction by minimizing errors in meeting customer requirements.
Chalcogenide Glasses and their Photosensitivity: Engineered Materials for Device Applications (2010)

Chalcogenide glasses are widely used in device applications which capitalize on their unique linear and nonlinear optical properties, and infrared transparency. The role of the glass’ photosensitivity in device fabrication and eventual use, is discussed.
Molecular design of sequence specific DNA alkylating agents (2009)

Sequence-specific DNA alkylating agents have great interest for novel approach to cancer chemotherapy. We designed the conjugates between pyrrole (Py)-imidazole (Im) polyamides and DNA alkylating chlorambucil moiety possessing at different positions. The sequence-specific DNA alkylation by conjugates was investigated by using high-resolution denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The results showed that polyamide chlorambucil conjugates alkylate DNA at flanking adenines in recognition sequences of Py-Im polyamides, however, the reactivities and alkylation sites were influenced by the positions of conjugation. In addition, we synthesized conjugate between Py-Im polyamide and another alkylating agent, 1-(chloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-1,2-dihydro-3H-benz[e]indole (seco-CBI). DNA alkylation reactivies by both alkylating polyamides were almost comparable. In contrast, cytotoxicities against cell lines differed greatly. These comparative studies would promote development of appropriate sequence-specific DNA alkylating polyamides against specific cancer cells.
Tracking the random surfer (2010)

PageRank computes the importance of each node in a directed graph under a random surfer model governed by a teleportation parameter. Commonly denoted alpha, this parameter models the probability of following an edge inside the graph or, when the graph comes from a network of web pages and links, clicking a link on a web page. We empirically measure the teleportation parameter based on browser toolbar logs and a click trail analysis. For a particular user or machine, such analysis produces a value of alpha. We find that these values nicely fit a Beta distribution with mean edge-following probability between 0.3 and 0.7, depending on the site. Using these distributions, we compute PageRank scores where PageRank is computed with respect to a distribution as the teleportation parameter, rather than a constant teleportation parameter. These new metrics are evaluated on the graph of pages in Wikipedia.
A targeted proteomics approach to the rapid identification of bacterial cell mixtures by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2004)

A proteomic approach to the rapid identification of bacteria is presented, which relies on the solubilization of a limited number of proteins from intact cells combined with on-probe tryptic digestion. Within 20 min, complete cleavage products of a limited set of bacterial proteins with molecular masses of about 4-125 kDa were obtained by on-probe digestion with immobilized trypsin. Bacterial peptides suitable for unimolecular decomposition analysis were generated within 5 min, and the sequence information obtained allowed identification of abundant proteins, and accordingly, their bacterial sources via searches in the NCBI database. Analysis of fragmentation products was also shown to allow for identification of bacterial peptides identical in mass but differing slightly in amino acid sequence by manual data analysis. In this work, Bacillus subtilis 168, B. globigii, B. sphaericus 14577, B. cereus T, and B. anthracis Sterne were examined, and various cold shock proteins were identified in all species. In addition, DNA-binding, 60 kDa-heat shock, surface-related and other stress-protective proteins were identified in the bacterial cell digests, and species-specific tryptic peptides could be generated from each of the Bacillus species studied. Bacterial peptides could be analyzed with greater sensitivity and mass accuracy than the parent proteins. The applicability of this targeted proteomics approach to the rapid identification of Bacillus species was further established by analyzing binary cell mixtures.
Adaptive Spur Cancellation Technique in All-Digital Phase-Locked Loops (2017)

The phenomenon of periodic phase errors (also known as spurs) in phase-locked loops (PLLs) is widely acknowledged and is responsible for posing considerable challenge on development of miniaturized wireless communication devices. The common approach employed today for spur mitigation calls for a digital notch filter within the receive chain, while there is no similar digital scheme for the transmit chain. In addition, this notch filter is not perfect and usually degrades the overall receiver sensitivity. This brief puts forward a novel idea, which is to cancel the spurs inside the PLL such that the local oscillator signal and consequently TX and RX antenna ports become spur-free. The technique is based on a least-mean squares algorithm that features a self-learning capability. The method has been silicon proven in a digital PLL of a transceiver radio test chip realized in a standard nanoscale CMOS technology.