gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Boosting the on-current of silicon nanowire tunnel-FETs (2008)

Tunnel-FETs are potential successors of MOSFETs because of the absence of short-channel effects and of a subthreshold-slope limit. As a solution to the low on-currents reported for silicon-based tunnel devices, we have simulated both gate configuration modifications as well as source material modifications. These modifications are ideally suited for implementations in vertical nanowire-based transistor architectures. We demonstrate that the on-current of a silicon tunnel-FET with a germanium heterojunction at the source reaches the same level as state-of-the-art MOSFET's.
Nondestructive Testing for Field Welds: Real Time Weld Quality Monitor. (1978)

During the welding process, changes in arc voltage, travel speed, and heat input can occur without the operator's knowledge. These changes can cause defects such as porosity, slag inclusions, incomplete fusion, and undercut in the deposited weld metal. The cost of locating and repairing these defects can be a major portion of construction costs; welding inspection can constitute 25 to 40% of the weld fabrication cost. In addition, weld defects decrease service life of welded joints. Consequently, it is necessary to monitor the welding parameters to detect, identify, and locate possible defects. A weld monitor with real-time output would aid the inspector in designating suspect areas for non-destructing testing after welding. Further, a real-time weld quality monitor could be used to interrupt welding when defects are occurring thus precluding costly rework. To address this need, the US Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (CERL) is conducting research to develop a field-portable real-time weld quality monitor (WQM). (Author)
Phosphorus dendrimers: from synthesis to applications (2003)

Various methods of synthesis of phosphorus dendrimers are presented, in particular a fast method which allows creating each generation in only one step, while multiplying by 5 the number of end-groups. These methods of synthesis can easily be modified to place selectively on the surface, inside, within the branches or at the core, functional groups chosen according to the properties or the applications which they can bring. In many cases, the size of the dendrimer (its generation) has an influence on these properties. Various applications in the fields of catalysis, materials, and biology are presented.
Transition Radiation As An X-Ray Source For Lithography (1987)

We have demonstrated that high-intensity soft x rays (900 eV to 3 keV) from transition radiation can be generated by passing moderate-energy (17 to 109 MeV) electron beams through targets consisting of thin (1 pm) multiple foils of beryllium and aluminum. We measured the absolute photon flux from five foil targets using a 44-pA, 109-MeV-elec-tron beam, and estimated the photon flux by exposing 4" silicon wafers coated with PGMA photoresist. All previous measurements of photon production used photon-counting methods. We destructively tested foils at high-average cur-rents for the first time. We exposed photoresist using a mask to produce a soft-x-ray lithograph. This research constitutes the first use of transition radiation as a source of soft x rays for lithography. These results indicate that moderate-energy linacs with transition radiators offer an alternative method of high power production of soft x rays for lithography. The radiation produced is at least three orders of magnitude brighter on a per-electron basis than synchrotron radiation. Storage rings have higher average beam currents than linacs; however, with a 10-2 difference in average currents, our experiments show that transition radiation will have the same average flux. Small, inexpensive accelerators such as one-klystron linacs can produce the required beam energies needed and would be less expensive than larger synchrotron sources. The Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's (LLNL) electron-positron linac was used in a series of short experi-ments (two 8-hr. shifts) to show feasibility. The foils were located in the accelerator cave in a direct line with the linac primary beamline. Immediately downstream from the foils, the electron beam was deflected into a beam-monitoring system. The lithography station and photon detectors were located 6.4 m downstream of the foils. The silicon wafers were partially shielded from other ionizing radiation produced in the accelerator cave. The soft-x-ray radiation was emitted in a cone of apex angle ± 5 mrad, with a diameter at the wafer of approximately 10 cm. The average power at the silicon wafer was 0.28 mw using the 44-pA beam. The x-ray flux produced a smooth exposure of the resist, result-ing in the "doughnut" pattern that is characteristic of the transition-radiation cone. No attempt was made to determine the optimum exposure time during these runs, and the wafers were left in the photon beam for time periods between 1 to 2 hrs.
Radio-frequency amplifier based on a dc superconducting quantum interference device (1983)

A dc superconducting quantum interference device used as a radio-frequency amplifier has achieved a power gain of 19.5±0.5 dB and a noise temperature of 1.0±0.4 K at a frequency of 100 MHz and an operating temperature of 1.5 K.
User-aware privacy control via extended static-information-flow analysis (2012)

Applications in mobile-marketplaces may leak private user information without notification. Existing mobile platforms provide little information on how applications use private user data, making it difficult for experts to validate applications and for users to grant applications access to their private data. We propose a user-aware privacy control approach, which reveals how private information is used inside applications. We compute static information flows and classify them as safe/unsafe based on a tamper analysis that tracks whether private data is obscured before escaping through output channels. This flow information enables platforms to provide default settings that expose private data only for safe flows, thereby preserving privacy and minimizing decisions required from users. We built our approach into TouchDevelop, an application-creation environment that allows users to write scripts on mobile devices and install scripts published by other users. We evaluate our approach by studying 546 scripts published by 194 users.
Multi-temperature state-dependent equivalent circuit discharge model for lithium-sulfur batteries (2016)

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries are described extensively in the literature, but existing computational models aimed at scientific understanding are too complex for use in applications such as battery management. Computationally simple models are vital for exploitation. This paper proposes a non-linear state-of-charge dependent Li-S equivalent circuit network (ECN) model for a Li-S cell under discharge. Li-S batteries are fundamentally different to Li-ion batteries, and require chemistry-specific models. A new Li-S model is obtained using a ‘behavioural’ interpretation of the ECN model; as Li-S exhibits a ‘steep’ open-circuit voltage (OCV) profile at high states-of-charge, identification methods are designed to take into account OCV changes during current pulses. The prediction-error minimization technique is used. The model is parameterized from laboratory experiments using a mixed-size current pulse profile at four temperatures from 10 °C to 50 °C, giving linearized ECN parameters for a range of states-of-charge, currents and temperatures. These are used to create a nonlinear polynomial-based battery model suitable for use in a battery management system. When the model is used to predict the behaviour of a validation data set representing an automotive NEDC driving cycle, the terminal voltage predictions are judged accurate with a root mean square error of 32 mV.
A routing method designed for a Quantum Key Distribution network (2016)

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is a technique for sharing encryption keys between two adjacent nodes in an unconditionally secure manner based on quantum theory. From the viewpoint of network system research, QKD is considered to be a building block for providing secure link communication in network systems. Although the communication distance is subject to a limitation attributable to the QKD fundamentals, recent research and some QKD field trials of “key relaying” over a “QKD network” are overcoming this limitation. It also enables each node on the QKD network to exchange encryption keys with arbitrary nodes on the QKD network. However, the previous research didn't address a routing method on the QKD network in detail. This paper focuses on the routing issues on the QKD network, clarifies the requirements of the routing protocol, and proposes a routing solution designed for the key relaying on the QKD network. The proposed routing solution consists of 4 components: (1) a node interface architecture addressing both encrypted and unencrypted traffics, (2) a path selection algorithm based on the number of keys, (3) an IP address assignment scheme connecting unencrypted interfaces and encrypted interfaces, and (4) a routing protocol deployment method consuming no extra keys. The proposed routing solution allows the QKD network to select a suitable key relaying path according to the QKD system condition and to reduce the extra key consumption, which optimizes the key utilization on the QKD network. The proposed routing solution was implemented with a network emulating QKD technology and evaluated. The evaluation result shows that the proposed routing solution could select a path that stores enough keys, which is suitable for a QKD network. Additional impact analysis reveals that the proposed routing solution could save up to 52% of key consumption depending on the QKD key sharing speed and the routing protocol configuration.
Photoconductive terahertz antenna with radial symmetry (2005)

The use of coaxial waveguides with terahertz pulses requires the difficult excitation of the radially polarized fundamental mode of the waveguide. We propose a radially symmetric terahertz antenna and present simulations predicting the generation of a radially polarized beam.
ChemInform Abstract: Tungstate‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Secondary Amines to Nitrones. α‐Substitution of Secondary Amines via Nitrones. (1990)

Abstract Eleven secondary amines such as (I) are oxidized with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of sodium tungstate to produce the corresponding nitrones (II).
All-prism achromatic phase matching for tunable second-harmonic generation (1999)

Achromatic phase matching (APM) involves dispersing the light entering a nonlinear optical crystal so that a wide range of wavelengths is simultaneously phase matched. We constructed an APM apparatus consisting of six prisms, the final dispersion angle of which was optimized to match to second order in wavelength the type I phase-matching angle of beta barium borate (BBO). With this apparatus, we doubled tunable fundamental light from 620 to 700 nm in wavelength using a 4-mm-long BBO crystal. An analogous set of six prisms after the BBO crystal, optimized to second order in second-harmonic wavelength, realigned the output second-harmonic beams. Computer simulations predict that adjustment of a single prism can compensate angular misalignment of any or all the prisms before the crystal, and similarly for the prisms after the crystal. We demonstrated such compensation with the experimental device. The simulations also indicate that the phase-matching wavelength band can be shifted and optimized for different crystal lengths.
Randomized gap and amplitude estimation (2016)

We provide a method for estimating spectral gaps in low-dimensional systems. Unlike traditional phase estimation, our approach does not require ancillary qubits nor does it require well-characterized gates. Instead, it only requires the ability to perform approximate Haar random unitary operations, applying the unitary whose eigenspectrum is sought and performing measurements in the computational basis. We discuss application of these ideas to in-place amplitude estimation and quantum device calibration.
Bearings for piano action mechanism employing bushing cloth and method of fabricating same (1983)

First Page
Towards spoken-document retrieval for the enterprise: Approximate word-lattice indexing with text indexers (2007)

Enterprise-scale search engines are generally designed for linear text. Linear text is suboptimal for audio search, where accuracy can be significantly improved if the search includes alternate recognition candidates, commonly represented as word lattices. We propose two methods to enable text indexers to approximately index lattices with little or no code change: “TMI” (Time-based Merging for Indexing) aims at lattice-index size reduction, and the “sausage”-like “TALE” (Time-Anchored Lattice Expansion) approximation requires no indexer-code or data-format changes at all. On four enterprise-type data sets (meetings, phone calls, lectures, and voicemail), TMI and TALE improve accuracy by 30–60% for multi-word phrase searches and by 130% for two-term AND queries, compared to indexing linear text.
Pneumatic radial tire with reduced road noise (1995)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Tomohiko Kogure; Pneumatic radial tire with reduced road noise. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 July 1995; 98 (1): 27. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.413721 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Convenient agarose medium for simultaneous determination of the low-calcium response and Congo red binding by virulent strains of Yersinia enterocolitica (1991)

A simple, efficient method for identification and differentiation of Yersinia enterocolitica containing virulent plasmid-bearing clones is described. The method is based on temperature of incubation and the low calcium response of the organism in an agarose Congo red medium.
Monitoring system for silicon coating thickness of disk (2003)

In batch ion implanter equipment, wafers are set on a rotating wafer-disk which has a metal surface exposed to ion beams. In order to reduce metal contamination from the disk, the metal surface is usually coated with silicon. As a result of the disk surface being ion implanted as well as wafers, the surface is sputtered and the silicon coated layer becomes thinner. When the silicon coated layer is removed by sputtering, the base disk material (usually aluminum alloy) is exposed to the ion beam, and thus metal contamination increases. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the thickness of the silicon coated layer and to estimate the remaining thickness. This is achieved using a charge sensor on the wafer-disk. This system consists of a sensor on the surface of disk and a detection circuit which measures the charging voltages during implantation. It is known that the output of the charge sensor depends on a material on the sensor surface. After coating the surface of the sensor by silicon, correlation between the thickness of the silicon coated layer of the sensor and the output of the sensor was measured. It is found that this in-situ monitoring system can detect the marginal thickness of silicon coated layer precisely.
2.1 kW 3 MHz Capacitive Power Transfer with Sleeve-Type Coupler for Rotary Applications (2022)

This paper designed a 2.1 kW 3 MHz capacitive power transfer (CPT) system with a sleeve-type coupler for rotary applications. A new M1-SS CPT topology is proposed with a compact receiver circuit. On the receiver side, only a small series compensation inductor is used while a mutual inductive coupling link is used on the transmitter side to improve the power transfer capability and achieve load-independent constant-voltage (CV) output. To verify the proposed design, a 3 MHz CPT prototype is implemented. With a wide load range, the maximum output power achieves 2.122 kW. Meantime, the experimental results also validate the load-independent CV output and the zero-phase-angle (ZPA) property. When the output power is within 1.54 kW, the measured dc-ac efficiency achieves above 92%, and the maximum efficiency of 93.19% is achieved at 755W output.
Dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphonofluoridates as disruptants of moth sex pheromone‐mediated behavior (1991)

Abstract A series of dialkyl phosphorofluoridates and alkyl methylphosphono‐fluoridates in which one or two of the alkyl moieties were long‐chain alkyl groups were synthesized and examined for their ability to disrupt moth sex pheromone‐mediated behavior of the oriental fruit moth, Grapholita molesta . Disruption of pheromone‐mediated behavior was found only for those compounds containing a ( Z )‐8‐dodecenyl moiety, i.e. the alkyl substituent of the principal pheromone component (( Z )‐8‐dodecenyl acetate) of the oriental fruit moth. Di‐(( Z )‐8‐dodecenyl) phosphorofluoridate was nearly as disruptive as (Z)‐8‐dodecenyl acetate.
Antioxidative probiotic fermented goats' milk decreases oxidative stress-mediated atherogenicity in human subjects (2003)

The increasing interest in a healthy diet is stimulating innovative development of novel scientific products in the food industry. The viable lactic acid bacteria in fermented milk products, such as yoghurt, have been associated with increased lactose tolerance, a well-balanced intestinal microflora, antimicrobial activity, stimulation of the immune system and antitumoural, anticholesterolaemic and antioxidative properties in human subjects. Recently, we have studied a human Lactobacillus spp. strain that possesses antioxidative activity. The aim of the present pilot study was to develop goats' milk fermented with the human antioxidative lactobacilli strain, Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3, and to test the effect of the fermented probiotic goats' milk on oxidative stress markers (including markers for atherosclerosis) in human blood and urine and on the gut microflora. Twenty-one healthy subjects were assigned to two treatment groups: goats' milk group and fermented goats' milk group (150 g/d) for a period of 21 d. Consumption of fermented goats' milk improved anti-atherogenicity in healthy subjects: it prolonged resistance of the lipoprotein fraction to oxidation, lowered levels of peroxidized lipoproteins, oxidized LDL, 8-isoprostanes and glutathione redox ratio, and enhanced total antioxidative activity. The consumption of fermented goats' milk also altered both the prevalence and proportion of lactic acid bacteria species in the gut microflora of the subjects. We conclude that the goats' milk fermented with our special antioxidative lactobacilli strain Lactobacillus fermentum ME-3 exhibits anti-atherogenic effects.
A wireless implantable drug delivery device with hydrogel microvalves controlled by field-frequency tuning (2011)

This paper reports a micromachined implantable drug delivery device that is wirelessly operated using radiofrequency magnetic fields. Frequency-dependent induction heating is used to control the actuation of thermoresponsive hydrogel microvalves for drug release. The hydrogel microvalves are formed on a passive inductor-capacitor tank with a size of 8.4×6.1-mm2, which serves as a wireless resonant heater that can be activated by tuning the field frequency to the resonant frequency of the tank for the microvalve actuation that unplugs the release holes created in a wall of the device's reservoir. An in-situ photo-polymerization technique is developed to form the hydrogel microvalves self-aligned to the release holes. The fabricated device shows no detectable leak for at least 12 hours. Frequency-controlled temporal release is experimentally demonstrated using a fluorescein-loaded device with the resonant frequency of 65 MHz in deionized water and a magnetic field with ~800-mW output power.
Pattern of endogenous lectins in a human epithelial tumor. (1985)

Salt and detergent extracts of a malignant epithelial tumor, obtained by extraction of acetone powder, were fractionated on different sets of Sepharose columns covalently derivatized with lactose, asialofetuin, melibiose, mannan, fucose, and heparin. Successive elution by chelating reagent and specific sugar resulted in isolation of different Ca2+-dependent and Ca2+-independent endogenous carbohydrate-binding proteins, as analyzed by gel electrophoresis. It appears from the analysis that certain bands represent newly identified proteins capable of binding to lactose (at Mr 64,000), melibiose (at Mr 28,000), and fucose (at Mr 62,000 and 70,000). Other carbohydrate-binding proteins isolated from this human tumor have been identified in normal, especially embryonic, tissues of different nonhuman vertebrates. The carbohydrate-binding proteins are assayable as agglutinin with rabbit erythrocytes and show no detectable enzymatic activity. They can thus be defined as lectins. The presence of a complex pattern of endogenous lectins and their biochemical characteristics may contribute to an understanding of intercellular interaction during the complex process of metastatic spread and may furthermore allow a new tool for diagnosis and a lectin-based therapy.
Nucleotide sequence of the endoglucanase C gene (<i>cenC</i>) of <i>Cellulomonas fimi</i>, its high‐level expression in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, and characterization of its products (1991)

The cenC gene of Cellulomonas fimi, encoding endoglucanase CenC, has an open reading frame of 1101 codons closely followed by a 9 bp inverted repeat. The predicted amino acid sequence of mature CenC, which is 1069 amino acids long, is very unusual in that it has a 150-amino-acid tandem repeat at the N-terminus and an unrelated 100-amino-acid tandem repeat at the C-terminus. CenC belongs to subfamily E1 of the beta-1,4-glycanases. High-level expression in Escherichia coli of cenC from a 3.6 kbp fragment of C. fimi DNA leads to levels of CenC which exceed 10% of total cell protein. Most of the CenC is in the cytoplasm in an inactive form. About 60% of the active fraction of CenC is in the periplasm. The catalytic properties of the active CenC are indistinguishable from those of native CenC from C. fimi. The Mr of CenC from E. coli and C. fimi is approximately 130 kDa. E. coli and C. fimi also produce an endoglucanase, CenC', of approximate Mr 120kDa and with the same N-terminal amino acid sequence and catalytic properties as CenC. CenC' appears to be a proteolytic product of CenC. CenC and CenC' can bind to cellulose and to Sephadex. CenC is the most active component of the C. fimi cellulase system isolated to date.
Pulsed interrogation neutron and gamma inspection system (1991)

Explosives and chemical warfare agents possess elements and characteristic elemental ratios not commonly found in significant quantities in other items. These elements include nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, phosphorus, sulfur, and chlorine. The research described here demonstrates the efficacy of a pulsed interrogation neutron and gamma-ray (PING) system for detecting explosives. The system was originally developed to allow discrimination between conventional explosives and chemical warfare agents. Based on experimental results, the system is currently being designed for detecting explosives concealed, for example, in airline luggage. The authors previously demonstrated that the technique can identify certain elements through fast and slow neutron interrogation and subsequent prompt and delayed gamma-ray detection. The PING system is based on technology developed over 12 yr for the determination of fissile mass quantities in radioactive waste and for the determination of sulfur in coal.