gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SYSTEM OF ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY FOR 25 KV A C ELECTRIFICATION ON BRITISH RAILWAYS (1980)

Some design aspects of the power supply system for 25 kv industrial frequency single-phase electrification on British Railways are discussed. The characteristics of the hv line, the transformers, grounding, measurements for suppression of interference, power supply tariff arrangements, the 25 kv distribution equipment with switchgear, protection equipment and supervisory control system and the maintenance of distribution equipment are described.
Reconocimiento institucional de la investigación sobre el cuidado de la salud. Una asignatura pendiente (2009)

Curriculum: Enfermero, master y doctorado en Salud Pública. Experiencia asistencial en Reino Unido y Portugal; así como en asesoría técnica para los Servicios Centrales del Servicio Andaluz de Salud. Actual situación laboral en la asistencia en el CS San Miguel (Distrito Sanitario Costa del Sol del Servicio Andaluz de Salud) y profesor colaborador de la Universidad Católica San Antonio de Murcia.
Probability Amplitude Fluctuations in Experimental Wave Chaotic Eigenmodes with and Without Time-Reversal Symmetry (1998)

We have measured the probability density $|\ensuremath{\psi}(r){|}^{2}$ in the semiclassical limit of a classically chaotic square well potential with and without time reversal symmetry, and compared our findings with theoretical predictions. We find that wave functions with time-reversal symmetry have larger fluctuations than those without time-reversal symmetry. To quantify the degree of these fluctuations, eigenmodes both with and without time-reversal symmetry are statistically analyzed and the two-point spatial correlation function and the probability density distribution function of the eigenmodes are found to agree with theoretical predictions.
Solid state optical space switches for network cross-connect and protection applications (1997)

Network protection and reconfiguration is becoming increasingly important in fiber optic communications systems. This is driven by the intense traffic and high cost of lost high-data-rate optical connections. Optical cross-connects at the nodes in transmission systems are developing rapidly in response. A key optical component required for these applications is an optical space switch. Since the required timescale of network reconfiguration at the optical level is on the order of 50 ms to prevent electrical intervention. The optical space switching speed must be approximately 5 ms or faster. The demand created by these applications has motivated the development of a solid state optical space switch based on a novel planar-waveguide technology. This planar integrated optics technology relies on the thermo-optic effect in specialized optical polymer materials and results in reliable optical space switches without moving parts to wear out. This article reviews the state of the art in solid state optical space switches based on thermo-optic polymers and applications of these switches in network communication systems. The same polymer-based planar waveguide technology used to make the solid state optical space switches of today provides the basis for WDM devices. Electro-optic modulators, and devices integrating several functions (space switching, wavelength multiplexing, light generation and detection) in one component in the years to come.
Differential patterns of acquired virulence genes distinguish <i>Salmonella</i> strains (1998)

Analysis of several Salmonella typhimurium in vivo-induced genes located in regions of atypical base composition has uncovered acquired genetic elements that cumulatively engender pathogenicity. Many of these regions are associated with mobile elements, encode predicted adhesin and invasin-like functions, and are required for full virulence. Some of these regions distinguish broad host range from host-adapted Salmonella serovars and may contribute to inherent differences in host specificity, tissue tropism, and disease manifestation. Maintenance of this archipelago of acquired sequence by selection in specific hosts reveals a fossil record of the evolution of pathogenic species.
Adalimumab Could Suppress the Activity of Non Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) (2008)

The prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is increasing. NASH confers an increased risk of liver-related morbidity and mortality with a substantial risk of developing liver cirrhosis. At present, there is no established medical treatment for NASH. The pathogenesis of NASH is incompletely understood. Several lines of evidence suggest that TNF-alpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of NASH by promoting liver inflammation, insulin resistance and hepatocyte apoptosis. Anti-TNF-alpha therapy has not been evaluated for the treatment of NASH. We report here on a patient with NASH who has experienced rapid normalization of liver biochemistry during treatment of an associated rheumatoid arthritis with the humanized anti-TNF-alpha antibody adalimumab. This observation suggests that pilot studies may be warranted to evaluate the role of adalimumab for the treatment of NASH.
The Murine Stanniocalcin 2 Gene Is a Negative Regulator of Postnatal Growth (2008)

Stanniocalcin (STC), a secreted glycoprotein, was first studied in fish as a classical hormone with a role in regulating serum calcium levels. There are two closely related proteins in mammals, STC1 and STC2, with functions that are currently unclear. Both proteins are expressed in numerous mammalian tissues rather than being secreted from a specific endocrine gland. No phenotype has been detected yet in Stc1-null mice, and to investigate whether Stc2 could have compensated for the loss of Stc1, we have now generated Stc2−/− and Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice. Although Stc1 is expressed in the ovary and lactating mouse mammary glands, like the Stc1−/− mice, the Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice had no detected decrease in fertility, fecundity, or weight gain up until weaning. Serum calcium and phosphate levels were normal in Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice, indicating it is unlikely that the mammalian stanniocalcins have a major physiological role in mineral homeostasis. Mice with Stc2 deleted were 10–15% larger and grew at a faster rate than wild-type mice from 4 wk onward, and the Stc1−/−Stc2−/− mice had a similar growth phenotype. This effect was not mediated through the GH/IGF-I axis. The results are consistent with STC2 being a negative regulator of postnatal growth.
A. G. Miller & M. Morris 1988. Plants of Dhofar (The southern region of Oman; traditional, economic and medicinal uses). The office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman. 361 pages. ISBN 07157-0808-2. Price: £35.00. (1990)

A. G. Miller & M. Morris 1988. Plants of Dhofar (The southern region of Oman; traditional, economic and medicinal uses). The office of the Adviser for Conservation of the Environment, Diwan of Royal Court, Sultanate of Oman. 361 pages. ISBN 07157-0808-2. Price: £35.00. - Volume 6 Issue 1
Polymeric Derivatives of Chloramphenicol and Their Antibacterial Properties (1988)

Abstract The polymerizable derivatives of chloramphenicol were prepared and free-radical copolymerized with acrylamide, methacrylic acid, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate in order to obtain polymers with pharmacological activity. The monomeric and polymeric derivatives were subjected to antibacterial activity tests against Bacillus polymyxa.
Electroencephalographic Rhythms in Alzheimer′s Disease (2011)

Physiological brain aging is characterized by synapses loss and neurodegeneration that slowly lead to an age-related decline of cognition. Neural/synaptic redundancy and plastic remodelling of brain networking, also due to mental and physical training, promotes maintenance of brain activity in healthy elderly subjects for everyday life and good social behaviour and intellectual capabilities. However, age is the major risk factor for most common neurodegenerative disorders that impact on cognition, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). Brain electromagnetic activity is a feature of neuronal network function in various brain regions. Modern neurophysiological techniques, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and event-related potentials (ERPs), are useful tools in the investigation of brain cognitive function in normal and pathological aging with an excellent time resolution. These techniques can index normal and abnormal brain aging analysis of corticocortical connectivity and neuronal synchronization of rhythmic oscillations at various frequencies. The present review suggests that discrimination between physiological and pathological brain aging clearly emerges at the group level, with suggested applications also at the level of single individual. The possibility of combining the use of EEG together with biological/neuropsychological markers and structural/functional imaging is promising for a low-cost, non-invasive, and widely available assessment of groups of individuals at-risk.
Cutaneous vascular reactivity is reduced in aging and in heart failure: association with inflammation (2003)

In the present study, we have investigated whether changes in vascular reactivity in congestive heart failure (CHF) patients can be detected in the cutaneous microvessels and whether these changes are due to endothelial dysfunction, are affected by increasing age and related to an ongoing inflammation. The responses to local warming and iontophoretically administered endothelium-dependent and -independent vasodilators were investigated in healthy young adults, healthy elderly adults and elderly adults with CHF. The results were correlated with plasma concentrations of vascular risk factors and markers for endothelial dysfunction and inflammation. The vasorelaxant responses were reduced in the elderly groups and were attenuated further in the CHF group. This group also had increases in levels of several markers associated with inflammation, higher blood glucose and homocysteine levels, a lower low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and a rise in the concentration of von Willebrand factor, indicating a prothrombotic endothelial function. The severity of the heart failure, measured as the plasma level of brain natriuretic peptide, correlated with the intensity of inflammation and to the changes in vascular risk factors and endothelial function. It is concluded that the reactivity of the cutaneous microvessels is reduced with age, and the presence of CHF causes a further impairment. There is endothelial dysfunction in CHF, but it is uncertain to what extent this contributes to the reduced vasodilatory capacity. The inflammatory response appears central for many of the manifestations of the CHF syndrome.
GST, NAT, SULT1A1, CYP1B1 genetic polymorphisms, interactions with environmental exposures and bladder cancer risk in a high‐risk population (2004)

Tobacco smoking and occupation are major risk factors of bladder cancer via exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic amines. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) M1, T1 and P1 are involved in the detoxification of PAH reactive metabolites. Two N-acetyltransferase isozymes, NAT2 and NAT1, have major roles in catalyzing the N-acetylation and O-acetylation of aromatic amines. Cytochrome p450 1B1 (CYP1B1) and sulfotransferase 1A1 (SULT1A1) are also involved in the metabolism of PAHs and aromatic amines. It is hypothesized that the genetic polymorphisms of these metabolic enzymes have an effect on the individual susceptibility to bladder cancer in particular by interacting with relevant environmental exposures. A hospital-based case-control study among men in Brescia, Northern Italy recruited 201 incidence cases and 214 controls from 1997-2000. Occupational exposures were blindly coded by occupational physicians. Genotyping of polymorphisms were carried out with PCR-RFLP method. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression was applied to model the association between genetic polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk. Effect modifications by age of onset, smoking and occupational exposures to PAHs and aromatic amines were evaluated. We also conducted an analysis of interaction between genetic factors. GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotype were associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-2.56) and 1.74 (95% CI = 1.02-2.95), respectively. The effect of GSTM1 null was seen particularly in heavy smokers, and there was a combined effect with occupational exposure of aromatic amines (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.08-7.10). We observed a trend (p-value < 0.01) of increasing cancer risk comparing subjects with normal GSTM1 and T1 activity to subjects with one (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.16-2.85) or both null genotypes (OR = 2.58, 95% CI = 1.27-5.23). NAT2 slow acetylator was associated with marginally increased risk of bladder cancer (OR = 1.50, 95% CI = 0.99-2.27), and the OR for the joint effect with occupational exposure of aromatic amines was 3.26 (95% CI = 1.06-9.95). SULT1A1 Arg213His polymorphism showed a marginal protective effect. These findings suggest that individual susceptibility to bladder cancer may be modulated by GSTM1, GSTT1 and NAT2 polymorphisms.
CMOS Inverter as Analog Circuit: An Overview (2019)

Since the CMOS technology scaling has focused on improving digital circuit, the design of conventional analog circuits has become more and more difficult. To overcome this challenge, there have been a lot of efforts to replace conventional analog circuits with digital implementations. Among those approaches, this paper gives an overview of the latest achievement on utilizing a CMOS inverter as an analog circuit. Analog designers have found that a simple resistive feedback pulls a CMOS inverter into an optimum biasing for analog operation. Recently developed applications of the resistive-feedback inverter, including CMOS inverter as amplifier, high-speed buffer, and output driver for high-speed link, are introduced and discussed in this paper.
The selective NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function in a pig model of myocardial infarction (2016)

NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition reduces infarct size and preserves cardiac function in a randomized, blinded translational large animal MI model. Hence, NLRP3-inflammasome inhibition may have therapeutic potential in acute MI patients.
De-Centralized Load Balancing for the Computational Grid environment (2010)

One of the challenging issues in Computational Grid is performing Decentralized Load Balancing. This paper proposed a new load balancing algorithm which will appears in the meta-scheduler. In many approaches load balancing is done only at the local scheduler level, which is applicable to small application and leads to more communication overhead between the nodes. For the large scale application load balancing at the local scheduler level will not provide the feasible solution. So the novel load balancing algorithm is proposed, which provides the decentralized load balancing in both meta-scheduler and cluster or resource level. The triggering policy is used to initiate the load balancing algorithm, which determines the appropriate time period to start the load balancing operation using the boundary value and threshold value approach. These approaches increase the performance in the large scale application by migrating the job from the overloaded resource to the least loaded resource in-order to reduce the waiting time of job and to maximize the utilization of the resources which are idle or least loaded.
QEPAS based detection of broadband absorbing molecules using a widely tunable, cw quantum cascade laser at 8.4 μm (2007)

Detection of molecules with wide unresolved rotationa-lvibrational absorption bands is demonstrated by using Quartz Enhanced Photoacoustic Spectroscopy and an amplitude modulated, high power, thermoelectrically cooled quantum cascade laser operating at 8.4 mum in an external cavity configuration. The laser source exhibits single frequency tuning of 135 cm-1 with a maximum optical output power of 50 mW. For trace-gas detection of Freon 125 (pentafluoroethane) at 1208.62 cm-1 a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient of NNEA=2.64x10(-9) cm?(-1)W/Hz(1/2)was obtained. Noise equivalent sensitivity at ppbv level as well as spectroscopic chemical analysis of a mixture of two broadband absorbers (Freon 125 and acetone) with overlapping absorption spectra were demonstrated.
Design and simulation of two-section DFB lasers with short active-section lengths (2016)

Distributed feedback lasers comprised of a reflection section and an active section have been proposed for high direct-modulation bandwidth. The reflection section has the same core layer as the active section so butt-joint re-growth is avoided. Without current injection the reflection section will be pumped to near transparency by the emission from the laser itself so high reflection (> 0.75) can still be achieved as confirmed by the simulation. Therefore a short (150 µm) active section can be used, which enables a low threshold current (~5 mA) and a high direct modulation bandwidth (>30 GHz) as demonstrated by the simulation.
[논문] 풍동 실험을 통한 개폐식 돔 지붕의 외장재용 풍압 계수와 풍하중 기준 비교 (2018)

The biggest impact on the cladding design of buildings is wind loads. Wind tunnel tests were conducted to examine the applicability of current wind load standards about membrane retractable roof spatial structure. A dome model with a circular shape that is retractable to the center of the dome was made (Opening ratio = 0, 10, 30, 50). In addition, height adjustable turntables were made and tested with five patterns with H/D = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The maximum wind pressure coefficient and the minimum wind pressure coefficient for the cladding were analyzed and the experimental wind pressure coefficient were compared with the current wind load standards, KBC2016 and AIJ-RLB(2015). The experimental value and the reference value of the enclosed roof were very similar and showed possibility of application, but opened roof case was found that the reference value was underestimated.
Self-organizing optical neural network for unsupervised learning (1990)

One of the features in neural computing must be the ability to adapt to a changeable environment and to recognize unknown objects. This paper deals with an adaptive optical neural network using Kohonen's self-organizing feature map algorithm for unsupervised learning. A compact optical neural network of 64 neurons using liquid crystal televisions is used for this study. To test the performance of the self-organizing neural network, experimental demonstrations and computer simulations are provided. Effects due to unsupervised learning parameters are analyzed. We show that the optical neural network is capable of performing both unsupervised learning and pattern recognition operations simultaneously, by setting two matching scores in the learning algorithm. By using a slower learning rate, the construction of the memory matrix becomes more organized topologically. Moreover, the introduction of forbidden regions in the memory space enables the neural network to learn new patterns without erasing the old ones.
Mapping of discontinuous conformational epitopes by amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry and computational docking (2012)

Understanding antigen-antibody interactions at the sub-molecular level is of particular interest for scientific, regulatory, and intellectual property reasons, especially with increasing demand for monoclonal antibody therapeutic agents. Although various techniques are available for the determination of an epitope, there is no widely applicable, high-resolution, and reliable method available. Here, a combination approach using amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange coupled with proteolysis and mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) and computational docking was applied to investigate antigen-antibody interactions. HDX-MS is a widely applicable, medium-resolution, medium-throughput technology that can be applied to epitope identification. First, the epitopes of cytochrome c-E8, IL-13-CNTO607, and IL-17A-CAT-2200 interactions identified using the HDX-MS method were compared with those identified by X-ray co-crystal structures. The identified epitopes are in good agreement with those identified using high-resolution X-ray crystallography. Second, the HDX-MS data were used as constraints for computational docking. More specifically, the non-epitope residues of an antigen identified using HDX-MS were designated as binding ineligible during computational docking. This approach, termed HDX-DOCK, gave more tightly clustered docking poses than stand-alone docking for all antigen-antibody interactions examined and improved docking results significantly for the cytochrome c-E8 interaction.
Microbially enhanced geologic containment of sequestered supercritical CO2 (2009)

Geologic sequestration of CO2 involves injection into underground formations including oil beds, deep un-minable coal seams, and deep saline aquifers with temperature and pressure conditions such that CO2 will likely be in the supercritical state. It is important that the receiving aquifer have sufficient porosity and permeability and be overlain by a suitable low-permeability cap rock formation. Supercritical CO2 injected into the receiving formation is only slightly soluble in water (approximately 4%) and therefore two fluid phases develop. Also, supercritical CO2 is less dense and much less viscous than the initially resident brine resulting in the potential for upward leakage of CO2 through fractures, disturbed rock, or cement lining near injection wells. This paper summarizes recent research on microbially-based strategies for controlling leakage of CO2 during geologic sequestration. We examine the concept of using engineered microbial biofilms which are capable of precipitating crystalline calcium carbonate using the process of ureolysis. The resulting combination of biofilm plus mineral deposits, if targeted near points of CO2 injection, may result in the long-term sealing of preferential leakage pathways. Successful development of these biologically-based concepts could result in a CO2 leakage mitigation technology which can be applied either before CO2 injection or as a remedial measure.
Ring Opening/C–N Cyclization of Activated Aziridines with Carbon Nucleophiles: Highly Diastereo- and Enantioselective Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines (2011)

A simple strategy for the synthesis of substituted tetrahydroquinolines through regio- and stereoselective ring opening of N-tosyl aziridines with carbon nucleophiles generated from 2-(bromoaryl)acetonitriles followed by palladium-catalyzed intramolecular C-N cyclization is reported in excellent yields (up to >99%) and stereoselectivity (ee and de up to >99%).
Immunomodulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-derived soluble factors on antigen-presenting cells of healthy blood donors (2016)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) cells have been shown to promote type-1 immune responsiveness; however knowledge of immunomodulation of soluble factors secreted by LGG is limited. This is the first study to investigate whether LGG soluble factors promote a comparable immune responsiveness as the bacterial cells. Both treatments - LGG conditioned medium with (CM + LGG) or without (CM) LGG cells, in this study increased expression of several toll-like receptors (TLRs) in all studied cell types and antigen presentation-associated receptor HLA-DR in macrophages and "intermediate" monocytes; but decreased that of activation markers on monocytes and macrophages and production of IL-10, IL-12 and TNFα in macrophages. In co-culture with mononuclear cells, CM increased Th1-type cytokine profile but not as pronounced as CM + LGG. This study suggests that LGG soluble factors exert similar immunomodulatory effects as the intact cells, but cells may be required for optimal type-1 immune responsiveness polarizing capacity of this probiotic strain.