gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probiotic Potential of 3 Lactobacilli Strains Isolated From Breast Milk (2005)

Breast milk is an important factor in the initiation, development, and composition of the neonatal gut microbiota. In a previous study, the authors isolated lactic acid bacteria from milk of healthy mothers. Since some of the identified isolates belonged to the genus Lactobacillus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the probiotic potential of 2 Lactobacillus gasseri and 1 Lactobacillus fermentum strains. Different assays, including survival to conditions simulating those existing in the gastrointestinal tract, production of antimicrobial compounds, adherence to intestinal cells, production of biogenic amines, degradation of mucin, enzymatic profile, and pattern of antibiotic resistance, were performed. Globally, the results showed that the probiotic potential of lactobacilli isolated from milk of healthy mothers is, at least, similar to that of the strains commonly used in commercial probiotic products. This fact, together with the presence of prebiotic substances, indicates that breast milk is a natural synbiotic food.
Lactoferrin Inhibits Porphyromonas gingivalis Proteinases and Has Sustained Biofilm Inhibitory Activity (2012)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a bacterial pathogen associated with chronic periodontitis that results in destruction of the tooth's supporting tissues. The major virulence determinants of P. gingivalis are its cell surface Arg- and Lys-specific cysteine proteinases, RgpA/B and Kgp. Lactoferrin (LF), an 80-kDa iron-binding glycoprotein found in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid, is believed to play an important role in innate immunity. In this study, bovine milk LF displayed proteinase inhibitory activity against P. gingivalis whole cells, significantly inhibiting both Arg- and Lys-specific proteolytic activities. LF inhibited the Arg-specific activity of purified RgpB, which lacks adhesin domains, and also inhibited the same activity of the RgpA/Kgp proteinase-adhesin complexes in a time-dependent manner, with a first-order inactivation rate constant (k(inact)) of 0.023 min(-1) and an inhibitor affinity constant (K(I)) of 5.02 μM. LF inhibited P. gingivalis biofilm formation by >80% at concentrations above 0.625 μM. LF was relatively resistant to hydrolysis by P. gingivalis cells but was cleaved into two major polypeptides (53 and 33 kDa) at R(284) to S(285), as determined by in-source decay mass spectrometry; however, these polypeptides remained associated with each other and retained inhibitory activity. The biofilm inhibitory activity of LF against P. gingivalis was not attributed to direct antibacterial activity, as LF displayed little growth inhibitory activity against planktonic cells. As the known RgpA/B and Kgp inhibitor N-α-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethylketone also inhibited P. gingivalis biofilm formation, the antibiofilm effect of LF may at least in part be attributable to its antiproteinase activity.
A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage with Long Linear Translation (2004)

A MEMS Micro-Translation Stage (MTS) actuator concept has been developed that is capable of traveling long distances, while maintaining low power, low voltage, and accuracy as required by many applications, including optical coupling. The Micro-Translation Stage (MTS) uses capacitive electrostatic forces in a linear motor application, with stationary stators arranged linearly on both sides of a channel, and matching rotors on a moveable shuttle. This creates a force that allows the shuttle to be pulled along the channel. It is designed to carry 100 micron-sized elements on the top surface, and can travel back and forth in the channel, either in a stepping fashion allowing many interim stops, or it can maintain constant adjustable speeds for a controlled scanning motion. The MTS travel range is limited only by the size of the fabrication wafer. Analytical modeling and simulations were performed based on the fabrication process, to assure the stresses, friction and electrostatic forces were acceptable to allow successful operation of this device. The translation forces were analyzed to be near 0.5 micron N, with a 300 micron N stop-to-stop time of 11.8 ms.
An immunoglobulin mutator that targets G.C base pairs. (1996)

Hypermutation can be defined as an enhancement of the spontaneous mutation rate which the organism uses in certain types of differentiated cells where a high mutation rate is advantageous. At the immunoglobulin loci this process increases the mutation rate > 10(5)-fold over the normal, spontaneous rate. Its proximate cause is called the immunoglobulin mutator system. The most important function of this system is to improve antibody affinity in an ongoing response; it is turned on and off during the differentiation of B lymphocytes. We have established an in vitro system to study hypermutation by transfecting a rearranged mu gene into a cell line in which an immunoglobulin mutator has been demonstrated. A construct containing the mu gene and the 3' kappa enhancer has all the cis-acting elements necessary for hypermutation of the endogenous gene segments encoding the variable region. The activity of the mutator does not seem to depend strongly on the position of the transfected gene in the genome. The mutator is not active in transformed cells of a later differentiation stage. It is also not active on a transfected lacZ gene. These results are consistent with the specificity of the mutator system being maintained and make it possible to delineate cis and trans mutator elements in vitro. Surprisingly, the mutator preferentially targets G-C base pairs. Two hypotheses are discussed: (i) the immunoglobulin mutator system in mammals consists of several mutators, of which the mutator described here is only one; or (ii) the primary specificity of the system is biased toward mutation of G-C base pairs, but this specificity is obscured by antigenic selection.
Coverage directed test generation for functional verification using bayesian networks (2003)

Functional verification is widely acknowledged as the bottleneck in the hardware design cycle. This paper addresses one of the main challenges of simulation based verification (or dynamic verification), by providing a new approach for Coverage Directed Test Generation (CDG). This approach is based on Bayesian networks and computer learning techniques. It provides an efficient way for closing a feedback loop from the coverage domain back to a generator that produces new stimuli to the tested design. In this paper, we show how to apply Bayesian networks to the CDG problem. Applying Bayesian networks to the CDG framework has been tested in several experiments, exhibiting encouraging results and indicating that the suggested approach can be used to achieve CDG goals.
Investigation of Non-Premixed and Premixed Distributed Combustion for GT Application (2010)

Non-premixed and premixed modes of Colorless Distributed Combustion (CDC) are investigated for application to gas turbine combustors. The CDC provides significant improvement in pattern factor, reduced NOx emission uniform thermal field in the entire combustion zone for it to be called as a isothermal reactor, and lower sound levels. Basic requirement for CDC is mixture preparation through good mixing between the combustion air and product gases so that the reactants are at much higher temperature to result in hot and diluted oxidant stream at temperatures that are high enough to autoignite the fuel and oxidant mixture. With desirable conditions one can achieve spontaneous ignition of the fuel with distributed combustion reactions. Distributed reactions can also be achieved in premixed mode of operation with sufficient entrainment of burned gases and faster turbulent mixing between the reactants. In the present investigation two non-premixed combustion modes and one premixed combustion mode that provide potential for CDC is examined. In all the configurations the air injection port is positioned at the opposite end of the combustor exit, whereas the location of fuel injection ports is changed to give different configurations. The results are compared for global flame signatures, exhaust emissions, acoustic signatures, and radical emissions using experiments and flow field, gas recirculation and mixing using numerical simulations. Ultra low NOx emissions are observed for both the premixed and non-premixed combustion modes, and almost colorless flames (no visible flame color) have been observed for the premixed combustion mode. The non-premixed mode was also provided near colorless distributed combustion. The reaction zone is observed to be significantly different in the two non-premixed modes.
A methylated DNA marker panel for the sensitive detection of lung cancer in tissue. (2016)

8527 Background: Lung cancer remains the #1 cancer killer in the US, and effective screening approaches are desperately needed. Lung cancer alone accounts for 221,000 deaths annually. DNA methylation profiling has shown unique patterns in DNA promoter regions with cancer and has potential application for detection of lung malignancies. However, optimally discriminant markers and marker panels are needed. The purpose of this study is to identify and validate in tissue, candidate methylated DNA markers for detecting lung cancer overall and by subtypes. Methods: Candidate methylated DNA markers were identified by unbiased whole methylome sequencing of selected lung cancer case and lung control tissues. The top 51 marker candidates were further evaluated in 255 independent patients with 119 controls, of which 37 were from benign nodules, and 136 cases inclusive of all lung cancer subtypes. DNA extracted from patient tissue samples was bisulfite treated and then candidate markers and ACTB as a normalizing gene were assayed by Quantitative Allele-Specific Real-time Target and Signal amplification (QuARTS). QuARTS chemistry requires perfect base pairing to minimize false signals due to un-methylated or partially methylated genes and yields high discrimination for methylated marker selection and screening. Results: On receiver operator characteristics analyses of individual marker candidates, areas under the curve (AUCs) ranged from 0.512 to 0.941. At 100% specificity, a combined panel of 8 methylation markers (SLC12A8, KLHDC7B, PARP15, OPLAH, BCL2L11, MAX.12.526, HOXB2, and EMX1) yielded a sensitivity of 98.5% across all subtypes of lung cancer. Furthermore, using the 8 markers panel, benign lung nodules yielded no false positives. Conclusions: A panel of novel methylated DNA markers assayed on tissue achieves extremely high discrimination for all types of lung cancer while remaining negative in normal lung tissue and benign nodules. Following technical optimization, this panel can be applied to blood or bodily fluid-based testing with applications in lung cancer screening and discrimination of malignant from benign nodules.
Pt−Ru Supported on Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as High-Performance Anode Catalysts for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2006)

Pt-Ru supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) (single-walled nanotubes, double-walled nanotubes (DWNTs), and multi-walled nanotubes) catalysts are prepared by an ethylene glycol reduction method. Pt-Ru nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm and narrow particle size distributions are uniformly deposited onto the CNTs. A simple and fast filtration method followed by a hot-press film transfer is employed to prepare the anode catalyst layer on a Nafion membrane. The Pt-Ru/DWNTs catalyst shows the highest specific activity for methanol oxidation reaction in rotating disk electrode experiments and the highest performance as an anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) single cell tests. The DMFC single cell with Pt-Ru/DWNTs (50 wt %, 0.34 mg Pt-Ru/cm(2)) produces a 68% enhancement of power density, and at the same time, an 83% reduction of Pt-Ru electrode loading when compared to Pt-Ru/C (40 wt %, 2.0 mg Pt-Ru/cm(2)).
CiteSeer (1998)

Research papers available on the World Wide Web (WWW or Web) are often poorly organized, often exist in forms opaque to search engines (e.g. Postscript), and increase in quantity daily. Significant amounts of time and effort are typically needed in order to find interesting and relevant publications on the Web. We have developed a Web based information agent that assists the user in the process of performing a scientific literature search. Given a set of keywords, the agent uses Web search engines and heuristics to locate and download papers. The papers are parsed in order to extract information features such as the abstract and individually identified citations. The agents Web interface can be used to find relevant papers in the database using keyword searches, or by navigating the links between papers formed by the citations. Links to both citing and cited publications can be followed. In addition to simple browsing and keyword searches, the agent can find papers which are similar to a given paper using word information and by analyzing common citations made by the papers.
<title>General theoretical approach describing the complete behavior of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier</title> (1991)

A theoretical analysis of the erbium-doped fiber amplifier completely describes this device. This modeling is developed within the most attractive configurations : 1. 48im and O. 98im pump wavelengths. The original approach used to take into account the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) enables us to fully characterize the amplifier at any pump and signal regime. Thus we may quantitavely predict the influence of optogeometrical parameters erbium distribution and spectroscopic properties pump and signal powers and wavelengths and amplifier lengths over the amplifier performances in terms of gains residual pump powers co- and counter-propagating ASE frequency components. The agreement between predictive calculations and experiments appears truly excellent. Moreover this original ASE modeling results in noise figures compelling with published experiments and this analysis may also be used for superfluorescent sources design. Due to its quantitative nature this numerical tool can be used for erbium-doped fiber optimization optimal set-up conditions for amplifier modules transmission link evaluations and network applications.
Contact engineering and channel doping for robust carbon nanotube NFETs (2017)

In this work, we present several strategies of making robust carbon nanotube (CNT) n-type field-effect transistors (NFETs). One approach uses low-work function metal contacts to enable electron injection into CNT for NFET operation while using pre-defined oxide trenches to protect the sidewalls of such easily oxidized contacts. The sidewall-protected NFETs are shown to be stable over several months. The contact length scaling study reveals a large contact resistance that increases rapidly as the contact size shrinks, probably due to the poor interface wetting. A thin Ti layer is shown to significantly enhance contact wetting on CNT and improve device performance. Another approach involves charge-transfer doping from layers deposited on top of CNT channel. Results from different doping layers and deposition conditions are presented and compared. For applications like CNT thin film transistors (TFTs, where transport is not limited by contacts), such channel doping techniques will be required to form NFETs.
The role of take-off performance monitoring in future integrated aircraft safety systems (2003)

Take-off is considered to be a relatively hazardous phase of flight, particularly since during this phase the aircraft is operating close to its limit of performance and in the vicinity of obstacles. Stringent procedures have been introduced to counter the various hazards but these procedures have, due to several shortcomings, failed to provide complete protection. The take-off performance monitor is a system that has been conceived to mitigate a number of these shortcomings that are related to aircraft performance. However, reliability and display issues have, to date, precluded the system from being introduced in operation. A novel approach adopted at Cranfield University has lead to the development of a design that, following validation, suggests that these issues have now been resolved. This paper describes the method of protection employed currently during take-off, the contribution of the take-off performance monitor in improving safety and the scope of integration with other safety systems. Suggestions for utilisation of the output of the performance monitoring algorithm in other airborne and ground-based safety, maintenance and health monitoring systems are discussed. (9 pages)
An oversampling digital pixel sensor with a charge transfer DAC employing parasitic capacitances (2009)

An image sensor design with pixel-level sigma-delta (SigmaDelta) conversion employing four transistors at each pixel where the feedback charge transfer is realized through the parasitic capacitances of an inactive transistor is presented. This architecture is a relatively simple and robust design where the only analog components required outside of the pixel array are shared row comparators and a voltage mode digital-to-analog converter (DAC) to supply the in-pixel charge feedback structures. The photodiode acts as the integrator of the SigmaDelta modulator and an in-pixel charge feedback DAC is realized with two PMOS transistors. A third, minimum size PMOS transistor operating in the cut-off region provides capacitive coupling through which a controlled amount of charge is injected to the photodiode. The sensitivity of the image sensor is determined by the size of the feedback charge packets in the SigmaDelta modulator. The remainder of the image sensor is all digital, including a decimation filter to convert each pixel's single bit output stream into a multi-bit sample. We fabricated a test pixel structure in the TSMC-0.35mum CMOS technology with 10 mum times 10mum pixels and a fill factor of 31%. Experimental results demonstrated a SNR of 60 dB and a dynamic range of 83 dB.
Analytical and clinical performance of Abbott RealTime MTB, an assay for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pulmonary specimens (2015)

Nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT)-based assays provide fast and sensitive results compared to conventional TB tests. The performance of the new Abbott Molecular MTB assay for the qualitative detection of MTB complex using the automated m2000™ system or manual sample preparation is summarized in this paper. The assay detects eight MTB complex subspecies. The observed limit of detection (LOD) when used to test an MTB H37Rv panel was 2.45 colony forming units (cfu)/mL, while the claimed assay LOD with this MTB strain is 17 cfu/mL. No cross reactivity, or carryover were observed in the study. The clinical sensitivity of the assay was 93% overall; 99% in smear positive, culture positive specimens, and 81% in smear negative, culture positive samples. The clinical specificity was 97%. The inhibition rate in the study was 0.34%. The data suggest that Abbott RealTime MTB is a reliable, robust and sensitive assay for the molecular detection of MTB.
Stereo reproduction with gapless splicing of pitch altered waveforms (1984)

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Kinetically Controlled Ligation for the Convergent Chemical Synthesis of Proteins (2006)

Converging on the goal: New chemistry enables the key Cys-peptide-(αthioester) intermediate to be extended by ligation at either the N or C termini in a controlled fashion. This approach forms the basis for a set of novel tactics for the fully convergent synthesis of proteins by the chemical ligation of multiple peptide segments. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z600702_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
MP-RDMA: Enabling RDMA With Multi-Path Transport in Datacenters (2019)

RDMA is becoming prevalent because of its low latency, high throughput and low CPU overhead. However, in current datacenters, RDMA remains a single path transport which is prone to failures and falls short to utilize the rich parallel network paths. Unlike previous multi-path approaches, which mainly focus on TCP, this paper presents a multi-path transport for RDMA, i.e. MP-RDMA, which efficiently utilizes the rich network paths in datacenters. MP-RDMA employs three novel techniques to address the challenge of limited RDMA NICs on-chip memory size: 1) a multi-path ACK-clocking mechanism to distribute traffic in a congestion-aware manner without incurring per-path states; 2) an out-of-order aware path selection mechanism to control the level of out-of-order delivered packets, thus minimizes the meta data required to them; 3) a synchronise mechanism to ensure in-order memory update whenever needed. With all these techniques, MP-RDMA only adds 66B to each connection state compared to single-path RDMA. Our evaluation with an FPGA-based prototype demonstrates that compared with single-path RDMA, MP-RDMA can significantly improve the robustness under failures ( $2\times \sim 4\times $ higher throughput under 0.5%~10% link loss ratio) and improve the overall network utilization by up to 47%.
Surface and thermal properties of synthesized cationic poly(ethylene oxide) gemini surfactants: the role of the spacer (2019)

The solubility and heat stability of surfactants are the prerequisites for their oilfield applications. Most commercial surfactants undergo hydrolysis at high temperature and prolonged heating at 40 °C or above leads to decomposition. In this report, three cationic poly(ethylene oxide) gemini surfactants (GSs) containing flexible and rigid spacers were synthesized for oilfield applications. The chemical structures of the GSs were elucidated with the aid of <sup>13</sup>C NMR, <sup>1</sup>H NMR, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF MS. The GSs exhibit pronounced solubility in deionized water, seawater, and formation brine and no cloudiness, phase separation, or precipitation were detected after keeping GS solutions in an oven at 90 °C for three weeks. According to thermal gravimetric analysis, the degradation temperature of all the GSs was above 240 °C, which is higher than the existing oilfield temperature (≥90 °C). The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the synthesized GSs decreases upon increasing the temperature. Additionally, CMC values were observed to increase even further with increasing salinity. The low CMC values of gemini surfactants containing a flexible structure indicate that they create a more closely packed micelle structure compared with gemini surfactants with a rigid structure. The distinct surface and thermal features of the synthesized GSs reveal them to be appropriate materials for high salinity and elevated temperature reservoirs.