gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on Relationship between Surface Microstructure in Carburized Steels and Maximum Residual Stress Induced by Shot Peening (2008)

Shot peening treatment has been applied to strengthen automotive parts, such as carburized gears for transmission and heat treated coil springs for suspension. The treatment effectively increases compressive residual stress on and beneath the surface of parts, leading to high fatigue strength parts. Therefore, researches on optimizing shot peening condition have been conducted intensively. In this research we changed surface microstructure in carburized steels and measured residual stress distribution in the carburized case after shot peening. Considered plastic deformation of shot media during the peening, two types of media were prepared; media 1 has lower hardness and media 2 has higher hardness comparing to the hardness of the case.The results are as follows.(1) For eutectoid carburized specimen, maximum compressive residual stress decreased with the hardness of the case when the shot media 1 was applied. On the contrary, when the media 2 was shot peened, maximum value increased with the hardness of the case. (2) Retained austenite, which changed into martensite during shot peening, decreased the increment of the maximum compressive residual stress. It was explained by the change in hardness in the case due to work hardening.(3) In case of carbide dispersed case, maximum compressive residual stress became lower than that of eutectoid carburized case. Because of the higher hardness of the carbide, media deformed plastically at the moment of peening, and loosened its energy to induce compressive residual stress in the case.
Development testing of large volume water sprays for warm fog dispersal (1986)

A new brute-force method of warm fog dispersal is described. The method uses large volume recycled water sprays to create curtains of falling drops through which the fog is processed by the ambient wind and spray induced air flow. Fog droplets are removed by coalescence/rainout. The efficiency of the technique depends upon the drop size spectra in the spray, the height to which the spray can be projected, the efficiency with which fog laden air is processed through the curtain of spray, and the rate at which new fog may be formed due to temperature differences between the air and spray water. Results of a field test program, implemented to develop the data base necessary to assess the proposed method, are presented. Analytical calculations based upon the field test results indicate that this proposed method of warm fog dispersal is feasible. Even more convincingly, the technique was successfully demonstrated in the one natural fog event which occurred during the test program. Energy requirements for this technique are an order of magnitude less than those to operate a thermokinetic system. An important side benefit is the considerable emergency fire extinguishing capability it provides along the runway.
Numerical Modeling of Multi-Material Active Magnetic Regeneration (2009)

Magnetic refrigeration is a potentially environmentally-friendly alternative to vapour compression technology that is presented in this paper. The magnetocaloric effect in two magnetocaloric compounds in the La(Fe,Co,Si)13 series is presented in terms of their adiabatic temperature change and the specific heat as a function of temperature at constant magnetic field. A 2.5dimensional numerical model of an active magnetic regenerative (AMR) refrigerator device is presented. The experimental AMR located at Riso DTU has been equipped with a parallel-plate based regenerator made of the two materials. Experimental zero heat-load temperature spans are presented for different operating conditions and the results are compared to predictions of the numerical model. It is concluded that the model reproduces the experimental tendencies and when including thermal parasitic losses to ambient and the predictions from the model are within 1.5 K of the experimental results.
A Reverse Osmosis for the Production of Low Ethanol Content Wine (1986)

The possibilities of using the reverse osmosis process for the production of low alcohol content wine without having to add water are described. Two reverse osmosis systems were employed. The first was equipped with ethanol-permeable membranes and the second with selective ethanol-retention membranes. The permeate-exchange unit ensures the water and ethanol balance of the system. The product intended for manufacture by the proposed technique remains `wine9 by its composition and organoleptic quality.
Using stereoretention for the synthesis of <i>E</i>-macrocycles with ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts (2018)

The synthesis of <i>E</i>-macrocycles is achieved using stereoretentive, Ru-based olefin metathesis catalysts supported by dithiolate ligands. Kinetic studies elucidate marked differences in activity among the catalysts tested, with catalyst <b>4</b> providing meaningful yields of products in much shorter reaction times than stereoretentive catalysts <b>2</b> and <b>3</b>. Macrocycles were generated with excellent selectivity (>99% <i>E</i>) and in moderate to high yields (47-80% yield) from diene starting materials bearing two <i>E</i>-configured olefins. A variety of rings were constructed, ranging from 12- to 18-membered macrocycles, including the antibiotic recifeiolide.
An Investigation Into On-device Personalization of End-to-end Automatic\n Speech Recognition Models (2019)

Speaker-independent speech recognition systems trained with data from many\nusers are generally robust against speaker variability and work well for a\nlarge population of speakers. However, these systems do not always generalize\nwell for users with very different speech characteristics. This issue can be\naddressed by building personalized systems that are designed to work well for\neach specific user. In this paper, we investigate the idea of securely training\npersonalized end-to-end speech recognition models on mobile devices so that\nuser data and models never leave the device and are never stored on a server.\nWe study how the mobile training environment impacts performance by simulating\non-device data consumption. We conduct experiments using data collected from\nspeech impaired users for personalization. Our results show that\npersonalization achieved 63.7\\% relative word error rate reduction when trained\nin a server environment and 58.1% in a mobile environment. Moving to on-device\npersonalization resulted in 18.7% performance degradation, in exchange for\nimproved scalability and data privacy. To train the model on device, we split\nthe gradient computation into two and achieved 45% memory reduction at the\nexpense of 42% increase in training time.\n
High Efficiency Photorefractive Polymer with Immunity to Crystallization (1995)

In the few years since the first report of a photorefractive (PR) organic polymeric material [1], much research has been done [2] to improve the material characteristics in order to meet the requirements necessary for applications such as holographic optical storage. A potentially useful polymeric system would combine a wide variety of properties in the same material, such as high diffraction efficiency, long dark lifetime, fast response, excellent optical clarity, just to name a few.
Focusing method for nondestructive measurement of optical fiber index profiles (1979)

A new method to determine the refractive-index distributions of the cores of optical fibers is presented. The fiber is immersed in index matching oil to eliminate light refraction at the outer core boundary. Collimated light is passed transversely through the fiber core and is detected with a microscope focused just above the plane of the core boundary. The intensity distribution in the image plane is recorded with the aid of a computer-controlled video-analysis system. The refractive-index profile of the fiber core is then computed from this intensity distribution. In this paper we present error estimates and show how well the focusing method agrees with the interferometric slab method. The repeatability of the index measurement is approximately 2%, an error which is easily attributable to incident light level fluctuations.
Circuit Stops Prelasing In A Q-Switched Laser (1995)

Protective shutdown circuit stops prelasing in Q-switched laser operating at pulse-repetition rate of about 10 Hz. During normal operation, Q-switch prevents emission of light from laser cavity during application of Q-switch-trigger pulse. When circuit detects prelasing, it triggers relay turning off laser power supply. Circuit integrated into almost any Q-switched-laser system, provided one gains access to laser light, Q-switch-trigger pulse, and safety-interlock line of laser power supply.
The Rapid Simultaneous Measurement of Thermal and Structural Data by a Novel DSC/XRD Instrument (1984)

Over the past 25 years, numerous studies utilizing both X-ray diffraction (XRE) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) have been reported In the literature. Generally, conventional high-temperature X-ray data identifies solid-state transitions, then attempts to correlate them with thermal events observed by the calorimeter. Since changes occur in the sample during studies such as these, separate portions of the sample must be used for XRD and DSC experiments. When comparing results of the two experiments, questions arise concerning sample homogeniety as well as temperature and environmental differences. In fact, no conventional high-temperature X-ray diffraction instrument can give the precise control over temperature and heating rate available with a DSC, The problems of sample inhomogeneltles and Instrumental differences could be avoided if X-ray diffraction and DSC could be performed simultaneously on one sample.
Optimizing a rotating thermal-IR system to automatically detect marine mammals in Atlantic Canada (2017)

We are interested in making a comparison of three methods to detect marine mammals at sea offshore of Atlantic Canada: marine mammal observers (MMOs) making visual observations, MMOs assisted by a thermal-IR (infrared) automatic detection system, and passive acoustic monitoring (PAM). Prior to making this comparison, the detection and classification algorithms for the thermal-IR system required optimization for use in the thermal regime offshore Atlantic Canada. In summer 2015, we made visual observations concurrent with the collection of thermal-IR data at a shore-based observation site at Cape Race, Newfoundland. A total of 1114 location fixes on marine mammals were made using a theodolite: humpback whales (n = 967), minke whales (n = 112), harbour porpoises (n = 10), unidentified baleen whales (n = 16), and unidentified whales (n = 9). Thermal imagery data were retrospectively scanned and thermal anomalies that could be identified as marine mammals were found to match 700 of the 1114 fixes. Of the remaining 414 fixes, 366 were not found in the images, and 48 were undetermined. This dataset was used to optimize the detection and classification algorithms prior to the 2016 field season. In general, ≥70% of marine mammal sightings made by MMOs within 3 km of the shore-based observation site were discernible in thermal-IR imagery during periods when the Beaufort wind force was ≤ 6, for all sighting cues (e.g., blow, body) and species combined. The three detection methods will be compared during a research cruise in summer 2017. The results should be useful in the development of best practice guidelines for marine mammal mitigation monitoring during seismic surveys in Canada.
Building Scalable Integrated Silicon Photonics Reservoirs for Signal Processing (2017)

Photonic reservoir computing is a novel bio-inspired paradigm for signal processing. We discuss how it can be scaled up by injecting multiple copies of the input and by using multi-mode rather than single-mode components.
Longest prefix matching using bloom filters (2006)

We introduce the first algorithm that we are aware of to employ Bloom filters for longest prefix matching (LPM). The algorithm performs parallel queries on Bloom filters, an efficient data structure for membership queries, in order to determine address prefix membership in sets of prefixes sorted by prefix length. We show that use of this algorithm for Internet Protocol (IP) routing lookups results in a search engine providing better performance and scalability than TCAM-based approaches. The key feature of our technique is that the performance, as determined by the number of dependent memory accesses per lookup, can be held constant for longer address lengths or additional unique address prefix lengths in the forwarding table given that memory resources scale linearly with the number of prefixes in the forwarding table. Our approach is equally attractive for Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) which uses 128-bit destination addresses, four times longer than IPv4. We present a basic version of our approach along with optimizations leveraging previous advances in LPM algorithms. We also report results of performance simulations of our system using snapshots of IPv4 BGP tables and extend the results to IPv6. Using less than 2 Mb of embedded RAM and a commodity SRAM device, our technique achieves average performance of one hash probe per lookup and a worst case of two hash probes and one array access per lookup.
Background calibration of time-interleaved ADC using direct derivative information (2013)

A new background calibration technique for correcting timing-skew mismatch errors in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is reported. In this approach, the time derivative of the input signal is directly sampled and utilized for skew calibration. Reference ADC equalization is used in tandem to correct any static mismatch errors. Behavioral simulations show 26 dB and 44 dB improvement in signal-to-noise plus distortion (SNDR) and spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) performance, respectively.
Comprehensive Monitoring and Evaluation of Ballast Tank Coatings Integrity for Life Prediction and Condition Based Maintenance (2000)

Abstract Navy maintenance costs for seawater ballast tank preservation continue to increase, concurrent with a corresponding growth in the time interval between overhaul cycles. To reduce the high cost of manned seawater ballast tank inspections, corrosion potential and current sensors have been developed to monitor changes in the tank cathodic protection levels and zinc anode current requirements over time. When combined with remote optical inspection capability, currently under development, a comprehensive monitoring program will be established. This will provide for in-situ long-term monitoring of tank corrosion combined with periodic visual inspections to document tank coating condition. The goal of this effort is to provide a tank husbandry program for direct monitoring, identification and ranking of individual tanks in terms of condition, maintenance or overhaul requirements, without the need for costly periodic manned inspections.
002 Multiple exposures to blue light does not improve psoriasis in patients with elevated endogenous levels of protoporphyrin IX (2002)

Endogenous levels of protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) are known to be elevated in psoriatic plaques. Activation of PpIX by visible light after topical application of aminolevulinic acid has been shown to improve psoriasis. This study was designed to determine whether multiple exposures to blue light alone could improve psoriasis in patients exhibiting elevated endogenous PpIX levels. Patients and methods: Seventeen patients with at least two psoriatic plaques of 4 × 4 cm exhibiting elevated endogenous PpIX levels (as detected by in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy) were included in the study. Patients were required to discontinue all topical therapies for at least 2 weeks and systemic therapy for at least 8 weeks before treatment. One of the two plaques on each patient was exposed to 10 J/cm 2 Of blue light from a fluorescence panel three times per week for 4 consecutive weeks. The other plaque was used as a non‐exposed control. Blinded clinical evaluations were performed at baseline and every week during the 4‐week treatment period as well as at 1 and 3 weeks after the last exposure. Psoriasis severity was assessed by evaluating on a scale of 0–4 the presence of erythema, induration, and desquamation. PpIX levels were measured before and after light exposure by in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy at week 1 and 4. Results: All patients completed the study without presenting treatment related side‐effects. In vivo fluorescence spectroscopy demonstrated an almost complete photobleaching of PpIX in exposed plaques immediately after light exposure ( P = 0.005). There was no significant difference between the mean psoriasis severity score of the exposed or control plaques before and after 12 exposures to blue light. Conclusion: Under the current conditions multiple exposures to blue light did not improve psoriasis.
Geometric modeling of tubular structures (2008)

In this paper, we present a method for extracting center axis representations of tubular shapes obtained from medical images. The method extracts centerlines by computing minimum-cost paths from a graph based optimization algorithm which minimizes responses obtained from multi-scale medialness filters. These filters are designed from the assumption that tubular structures, in general, has circular shapes in cross-sectional views. The proposed algorithm can produce a local centerline segment between two points as well as a centerline tree from a single seed, which can be detected automatically. The main contribution of the method is its ability to extract center axis of tubular shapes which may contain boundary noise, holes, gaps and attachment of nearby structures or pathologies due to the errors from segmentation algorithms.
Scanning fiber system for angle-resolved low coherence interferometry (2010)

We propose a fiber-optic system for Fourier-domain angle-resolved low coherence interferometry. The system is based on singlemode fiber couplers and employs a scanning fiber to collect the angular scattering distribution of the sample. The measured distribution is then fitted to Mie theory to estimate the size of the scatterers. Depth resolution is achieved with Fourier-domain low coherence Mach-Zehnder interferometry. The sample arm of the interferometer illuminates the specimen with polarized light and collects back-scattered light from the sample. The probe's optical performance is evaluated and its depth-resolved sizing capability is demonstrated with subwavelength accuracy using a two-layer microsphere phantom.
Preparation of ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate using a pyridine or quinoline catalyst (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of ethoxycarbonyl isothiocyanate using a pyridine or quinoline catalystMorris E. Lewellyn, Samuel S. Wang, and Peter J. StrydomCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 18, 5230–5231Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00305a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00305a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views613Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel isoform of the B cell tyrosine kinase BTK protects breast cancer cells from apoptosis (2013)

Tyrosine kinases orchestrate key cellular signaling pathways and their dysregulation is often associated with cellular transformation. Several recent cases in which inhibitors of tyrosine kinases have been successfully used as anticancer agents have underscored the importance of this class of proteins in the development of targeted cancer therapies. We have carried out a large-scale loss-of-function analysis of the human tyrosine kinases using RNA interference to identify novel survival factors for breast cancer cells. In addition to kinases with known roles in breast and other cancers, we identified several kinases that were previously unknown to be required for breast cancer cell survival. The most surprising of these was the cytosolic, nonreceptor tyrosine kinase, Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK), which has been extensively studied in B cell development. Down regulation of this protein with RNAi or inhibition with pharmacological inhibitors causes apoptosis; overexpression inhibits apoptosis induced by Doxorubicin in breast cancer cells. Our results surprisingly show that BTK is expressed in several breast cancer cell lines and tumors. The predominant form of BTK found in tumor cells is transcribed from an alternative promoter and results in a protein with an amino-terminal extension. This alternate form of BTK is expressed at significantly higher levels in tumorigenic breast cells than in normal breast cells. Since this protein is a survival factor for these cells, it represents both a potential marker and novel therapeutic target for breast cancer.
In Vitro and in Vivo Evaluation of Water-Soluble Iminophosphorane Ruthenium(II) Compounds. A Potential Chemotherapeutic Agent for Triple Negative Breast Cancer (2014)

A series of organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes containing iminophosphorane ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Cationic compounds with chloride as counterion are soluble in water (70-100 mg/mL). Most compounds (especially highly water-soluble 2) are more cytotoxic to a number of human cancer cell lines than cisplatin. Initial mechanistic studies indicate that the cell death type for these compounds is mainly through canonical or caspase-dependent apoptosis, nondependent on p53, and that the compounds do not interact with DNA or inhibit protease cathepsin B. In vivo experiments of 2 on MDA-MB-231 xenografts in NOD.CB17-Prkdc SCID/J mice showed an impressive tumor reduction (shrinkage) of 56% after 28 days of treatment (14 doses of 5 mg/kg every other day) with low systemic toxicity. Pharmacokinetic studies showed a quick absorption of 2 in plasma with preferential accumulation in the breast tumor tissues when compared to kidney and liver, which may explain its high efficacy in vivo.
Synthesis of Single‐Phase Anatase Nanocrystallites at Near Room Temperatures. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Subtyping System for Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Based on Outer-Membrane Proteins (1983)

Outer-membrane proteins from 48 isolates of nontypable Haemophilus influenzae from adults and children were examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the biotypes were determined. Each strain had two principal outer-membrane proteins in the 32,000-42,000 molecular-weight range. Eight subtypes were identified based on the differences in molecular weights of the two principal outer-membrane proteins. The lower molecular-weight protein of those two major proteins was heat modifiable. There was no definite relationship between subtype and biotype. Future studies on the pathogenesis and epidemiology of infections due to nontypable H. influenzae must take into account the differences in outer-membrane proteins among various strains. A subtyping system based on major outer-membrane proteins may provide a basis for such studies.