gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Palladium(ii) complexes of new OPN phosphine ligands and their application in homogeneously catalysed reactions of CO with alkenes or alkynes (2004)

Palladium complexes of a series of functionalised phosphines bearing the OPN donor set [2-pyCH(2)P(Ph)CH(2)(CHOCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)), 1; 2-py CH(2)P(Ph)-CH(2)CH(2)(CHOCH(2)CH(2)O), 2; 2-pyCH(2)P(Ph)CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)Me, 3; 2-pyP(Ph)CH(2)(CHOCH(2)CH(2)CH(2)), 4; 2-py = 2-pyridyl] have been prepared and characterised. Ligands 1-3 form five membered P-N chelates which is confirmed for PdCl(2) complexes of and by X-ray crystallography. O-coordination appears to be generally disfavoured although there is evidence of transient O-coordination for selected Pd complexes of 4. Palladium methyl and acetate complexes of all four ligands have been tested for catalytic activity in ethene/CO copolymerisation as well as alkoxy-carbonylation of propyne. Complexes of 1 and 4 show some activity in the copolymerisation reaction and complexes of 4 are active in the methoxy carbonylation of propyne. Unlike related pyridyl(diaryl)phosphines, 4 produces a much more stable catalyst system that does not require large excesses of ligand to maintain activity.
Anti-inflammatory Principles from <i>Cordyceps sinensis</i> (2011)

In order to explore the anti-inflammatory principles of the mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis, the crude extract and partially purified fractions were examined for their inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release. Further chemical investigation of the bioactive fractions has resulted in the identification of 50 compounds, including five constituents, cordysinins A-E (1-5), reported from a natural source for the first time. In addition, compounds were examined for their anti-inflammatory activity. 1-(5-Hydroxymethyl-2-furyl)-β-carboline displayed the most significant inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release with IC50 values of 0.45±0.15 and 1.68±0.32 μM, respectively.
Lipid composition is a determinant for human defensin hnp1 selectivity (2012)

Human neutrophilpeptide 1 (HNP1) is a human defensin with antimicrobial activity against different bacteria (both Gram-positive and negative), fungi, and viruses. HNP1 is stored in the cytoplasmic azurophilic granules of neutrophils. To elucidate the mode of action of this antimicrobial peptide, studies based on its lipid selectivity were carried out. Large unilamellar vesicles with different lipid compositions were used as biomembranes model systems (mammal, fungal, and bacterial models). Changes on the intrinsic fluorescence of HNP1 upon membrane binding/insertion show that HNP1 has quite distinct preferences for mammalian and fungal membrane model systems. HNP1 showed low interaction with glucosylceramide rich membranes, but high sterol selectivity: it has a higher partition for ergosterol-containing membranes (as fungal membranes) and lower interaction with cholesterol-containing membranes (as in mammalian cells). These results reveal that lipid selectivity is a determinant step for HNP1 action. Fluorescence quenching data obtained using acrylamide indicate that HNP1 interacts with membranes without a full insertion in the lipid bilayer. Generalized polarization of laurdan indicates a change in membrane fluidity in the presence of HNP1 for POPC membranes but not for ergosterol-enriched membranes.
Basal lamina strengthens cell membrane integrity via the laminin G domain-binding motif of α-dystroglycan (2009)

Skeletal muscle basal lamina is linked to the sarcolemma through transmembrane receptors, including integrins and dystroglycan. The function of dystroglycan relies critically on posttranslational glycosylation, a common target shared by a genetically heterogeneous group of muscular dystrophies characterized by alpha-dystroglycan hypoglycosylation. Here we show that both dystroglycan and integrin alpha7 contribute to force-production of muscles, but that only disruption of dystroglycan causes detachment of the basal lamina from the sarcolemma and renders muscle prone to contraction-induced injury. These phenotypes of dystroglycan-null muscles are recapitulated by Large(myd) muscles, which have an intact dystrophin-glycoprotein complex and lack only the laminin globular domain-binding motif on alpha-dystroglycan. Compromised sarcolemmal integrity is directly shown in Large(myd) muscles and similarly in normal muscles when arenaviruses compete with matrix proteins for binding alpha-dystroglycan. These data provide direct mechanistic insight into how the dystroglycan-linked basal lamina contributes to the maintenance of sarcolemmal integrity and protects muscles from damage.
Model-Based Condition Monitoring of the Sensors and Actuators of an Electric and Automated Vehicle (2023)

Constant monitoring of driving conditions and observation of the surrounding area are essential for achieving reliable, high-quality autonomous driving. This requires more reliable sensors and actuators, as there is always the potential that sensors and actuators will fail under real-world conditions. The sensitive condition-monitoring methods of sensors and actuators should be used to improve the reliability of the sensors and actuators. They should be able to detect and isolate the abnormal situations of faulty sensors and actuators. In this paper, a developed model-based method for condition monitoring of the sensors and actuators in an electric vehicle is presented that can determine whether a sensor has a fault and further reconfigure the sensor signal, as well as detect the abnormal behavior of the actuators with the reconfigured sensor signals. Through the simulation data obtained by the vehicle model in complex road conditions, it is proved that the method is effective for the state detection of sensors and actuators.
Detection of Pre-Sol Aggregation and Carbon Dioxide Scrambling in Alkylammonium Alkylcarbamate Gelators by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2003)

The initial stages of aggregation of a series of organogelator salts, prepared from n-alkylamines by the rapid in situ and isothermal (at room temperature) uptake of the neutral triatomic molecule, CO2, have been probed by NMR spectroscopy in the nongelled liquid, chloroform-d. Evidence for specific interactions of the ionic headgroups in the aggregates is presented. The influences of concentration and temperature on the processes leading to pre-sol aggregates of decylammonium decylcarbamate (2b) have been investigated in detail. NMR spectra of selectively deuterated (at the α-methylene group) and selectively 13C-enriched (at the carbonyl carbon) 2b demonstrate that CO2 is scrambled rapidly between the ammonium and carbamate parts of the molecule in chloroform solution. No scrambling of CS2 was detected in alkylammonium alkyldithiocarbamates under the same experimental conditions.
Sliding window symbol timing synchronizer (2003)

A novel non-data-aided symbol timing synchronizer for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) modulation schemes is studied. It calculates the post-demodulation baseband signal energy in a sliding window. If the symbol timing is correct, the average signal energy will be the maximum. Based on this principle, the synchronizer detects the phase errors and/or frequency errors. The synchronizer structure is designed; its operational principles are described. Simulation is performed to evaluate the performance and results are presented in this paper. Simulation results show that the synchronizer can work for QPSK at signal-to-noise ratio (E/sub b//N/sub 0/) as low as -3 dB (E/sub s//N/sub 0/ = 0 dB), with a near zero phase error.
The costs of soil erosion on Java : a natural resource accounting approach (1989)

Soil erosion is analogous to the depreciation of man made assets. Unlike the depreciation of capital assets, however, the effects of soil erosion are not reflected in conventional measures of economic welfare. This occurs because efficient markets seldom exist for soil resources. The basic requirements for calculating the on-site costs of resource degradation are understanding the dimensions of the physical processes of change, understanding the impact of those processes on the production of valued goods and services, and understanding the ways in which economic activity adjusts to these changing circumstances. To satisfy the first requirement, a geographic information systems based model was used to integrate data on soil type, topography, rainfall and landuse. To estimate the productivity consequences of erosion, a model was developed focusing on rainfed agricultural land. Finally, an economic model of farms response to falling productivity and of farm profitability is used to value the erosion process.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Methods. Olefin Metathesis—Novel Catalysts Widen the Application Potential (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Video face matching using subset selection and clustering of probabilistic multi-region histograms (2010)

Balancing computational efficiency with recognition accuracy is one of the major challenges in real-world video-based face recognition. A significant design decision for any such system is whether to process and use all possible faces detected over the video frames, or whether to select only a few ‘best ’ faces. This paper presents a video face recognition system based on probabilistic Multi-Region Histograms to characterise performance trade-offs in: (i) selecting a subset of faces compared to using all faces, and (ii) combining information from all faces via clustering. Three face selection metrics are evaluated for choosing a subset: face detection confidence, random subset, and sequential selection. Experiments on the recently introduced MOBIO dataset indicate that the usage of all faces through clustering always outperformed selecting only a subset of faces. The experiments also show that the face selection metric based on face detection confidence generally provides better recognition performance than random or sequential sampling. Moreover, the optimal number of faces varies drastically across selection metric and subsets of MOBIO. Given the trade-offs between computational effort, recognition accuracy and robustness, it is recommended that face feature clustering would be most advantageous in batch processing (particularly for video-based watchlists), whereas face selection methods should be limited to applications with significant computational restrictions.
Diffuse galactic continuum emission measured by COMPTEL and the cosmic-ray electron spectrum (1994)

Diffuse galactic continuum gamma-ray emission in the 0.75-30 MeV range from the inner Galaxy has been studied using data from COMPTEL on the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory. Observations of the inner Galaxy from the Sky Survey have been used. The imaging properties of COMPTEL enable spatial analysis of the gamma-ray distribution using model fitting. A model based on atomic and molecular gas distributions in the Galaxy has been used to derive the emissivity spectrum of the gamma-ray emission and this spectrum is compared with theoretical estimates of bremsstrahlung emission from cosmic-ray electrons.
Polyethylene Glycol Supported Chloro[1,3,5]triazine: A Novel Synthetic Auxiliary for the Liquid-Phase Synthesis of Alkynyl Benzamide Derivatives (2003)

2,4,6-Trichloro[1,3,5]triazine was loaded on polyethylene glycol 4000 to give a new supported reagent which was employed to carry out the liquid-phase Sonogashira coupling reaction, offering alkynyl benzamide derivatives in high yields under mild conditions by cleavage with amines.
CdSe nanocrystal based chem-/bio- sensors (2007)

Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) have found application in biology mostly as optical imaging agents where the photophysical properties of the NCs are insensitive to species in their environment. This tutorial review examines the application of CdSe NCs as optical sensing agents where the NC's photophysical properties are sensitive to species in their environment. For this case, the NC is modified at the surface with a conjugate, which interacts with an external agent by physical (i.e. recognition) or chemical means. Signal transduction in these chem-bio (CB) sensitive NCs is derived primarily from energy transfer between the NC and the external agent, which functions as the energy transfer acceptor or donor. Signaling may be obtained by directly detecting luminescence from the NC and/or the conjugate. New developments for the use of NCs as gain materials in micro-lasing cavities (distributed feedback gratings and spherical resonators) opens the way to designing CB-sensitive NCs for high-gain sensing applications.
Changes in HbA1c Level over a 12-Week Follow-up in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes following a Medication Change (2014)

This is the first study designed with sufficient power to examine short-term changes in HbA1c. The 12-week change in HbA1c can be predicted 8 weeks after a medication change. Many participants who had not achieved glycaemic control after 12 weeks may have benefitted from an earlier review of their HbA1c and medication.
Induction of Airway Hyperreactivity by IL-25 Is Dependent on a Subset of Invariant NKT Cells Expressing IL-17RB (2009)

IL-25 has been shown to induce Th2 responses and airway hyperreactivity (AHR) in mice, but the mechanism of action is not understood and it is unclear which cells mediate this disease. In this study we show that the receptor for IL-25, IL-17RB, is highly expressed on a subset of naive and activated CD4(+) invariant NKT (iNKT) cells, but not on activated T cells. IL-17RB(+) iNKT cells produced large amounts of Th2 cytokines that were substantially increased by IL-25 stimulation. Furthermore, IL-17RB(+) iNKT cells were capable of restoring AHR in iNKT cell-deficient mice, whereas IL-17RB(-) iNKT cells failed to reconstitute AHR and lung inflammation. Finally, IL-17RB(+) iNKT cells were detected in the lungs of wild-type mice, and induction of AHR by intranasal administration of IL-25 was significantly impaired in iNKT cell-deficient mice. Overall, our data suggest a critical role for iNKT cells in IL-25-mediated AHR. These results may lead to novel therapeutic approaches to target IL-17RB(+) iNKT cells for the treatment of allergic asthma.
Partial characterisation of the high and low molecular weight forms of P388D<sub>1</sub>‐derived interleukin 1 (1984)

The murine macrophage-derived cell line P388D1 secretes the lymphokine interleukin 1 (IL-1) when stimulated by a variety of agents. When stimulated by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) the cells release IL-1 in both high and low molecular weight (m.w.) forms. The proportion of high m.w. IL-1 is reduced when IL-1-containing supernatants are concentrated by ammonium sulfate precipitation subsequent to hollow-fiber filtration. The high m.w. form can be converted to the low m.w. form by proteolysis, reduction and alkylation, or chromatography in a dissociating solvent. The low m.w. form remains as such, even when reconcentrated in fetal calf serum-containing medium. The high m.w. form thus likely consists of a complex between low m.w. IL-1 and another protein secreted by the P388D1 cell line.
Smoking and Nicotine Dependence (1998)

Ths paper describes the distribution of dependence criteria and diagnoses in a sample of 14- to 24-year-olds from Munich, Germany (n = 3,021; 71% response rate), evaluates differences between nondependent and dependent smokers and examines associations of smoking with other substances, affective and anxiety disorders. Assessment was made using the M-CIDI. The lifetime prevalence of DSM-IV nicotine dependence in the total sample is 19%, rising to 52% among regular smokers. No gender differences were seen in the progression from regular smoking to nicotine dependence, although men were more likely than women to initiate regular use. Analysis of daily cigarette use identified a significant dose-response relationship with the number of endorsed DSM-IV dependence criteria with unsuccessful cut-backs being the most prevalent criterion. As compared to nondependent smokers, dependent smokers were more likely to associate negative health effects with smoking and to have a desire to change and attempt a change in their pattern of use. Regular use of nicotine was found to be significantly associated with other substance and nonsubstance disorders, although dependent regular use was more strongly associated with these disorders than nondependent regular use. These results indicate that daily smoking is a behavior which is resistant to change despite an expressed desire and repeated cut-back attempts. Although initiation of regular smoking among nonsmokers does not occur frequently after the early twenties, the risk for dependent smoking among regular users persists into adulthood and is associated with a range of mental disorders.
Time-integrated holography and optical tomography (2002)

The principles of time-integrated holography (TIH) as applied to optical tomography are presented. When a light scattering medium is transilluminated , the unique property of holography to operate on the complex amplitude of the emerging wave can be exploited to introduce a selective relationship between the impinging and the emerging wave-fronts and to image objects obscured by the medium.
Iris Recognition Based on DLDA (2006)

Iris feature extraction is very important for an iris recognition system. This paper focuses on iris feature extraction. In this paper we propose Direct Linear Discriminant Analysis (DLDA) which combines with wavelet transform to extract iris feature. In our method, firstly, we apply wavelet decomposition to the normalized iris image whose size is 64×256 and just choose the coefficients of the approximation part of the second level wavelet decomposition to represent the iris image because this part contains main feature of the original iris image but the size of this part is only 16×64. And then make use of DLDA to extract the iris feature from this approximation part. During classification, the Euclidean distance is applied to measure the similarity degree of two iris classes. In the end of this paper, the proposed method was tested on the second version CASIA iris database. We evaluate the performance by Equal Error Rate (EER) which is the point that the False Match Rate (FMR) is equal to False Non-Match Rate (FNMR) in valve. The experiment shows that the EER of our method is about 1.44% which is lower than other methods such as Principle Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) etc.
Application of Kalman Gain for Minimum Mean-Squared Phase-Error Bound in Bang-Bang CDRs (2012)

This paper presents the minimum bound of the mean-squared phase-error of a bang-bang (BB) clock-and-data recovery (CDR) circuit under the condition of random phase tracking. An analogy between the Kalman filter and a linearized BB CDR is utilized for the derivation. The effects of demultiplexing, loop latency, and granular jitter are considered in the analysis to reflect reality. The validity of the theoretical analysis is supported by behavioral time domain simulation results.
Universal prediction of individual sequences (1992)

The problem of predicting the next outcome of an individual binary sequence using finite memory is considered. The finite-state predictability of an infinite sequence is defined as the minimum fraction of prediction errors that can be made by any finite-state (FS) predictor. It is proven that this FS predictability can be achieved by universal sequential prediction schemes. An efficient prediction procedure based on the incremental parsing procedure of the Lempel-Ziv data compression algorithm is shown to achieve asymptotically the FS predictability. Some relations between compressibility and predictability are discussed, and the predictability is proposed as an additional measure of the complexity of a sequence.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Origins of Dutch World-trade Hegemony (1990)

Dutch supremacy in world trade and shipping revolutionized the world economic order and transformed the pattern of Europe's colonial expansion. However, what was the function, from an economic standpoint, of this unprecedented hegemony over world commerce? Europe, and to some extent the wider world, had long been familiar with great regional distributive networks, such as those of Venice, Genoa, Lübeck, and Lisbon. Then, in the sixteenth century, Antwerp developed into the first general emporium, at any rate for Europe. However, a fully fledged world entrepôt, not just linking, but dominating, the markets of all continents, was something totally outside human experience. The fact is that never before — or perhaps since — has the world witnessed such prodigious concentration of economic power at a single point. Many scholars have expounded on the uniqueness of Dutch world-trade hegemony during the seventeenth century; relatively few, however, have tried to explain the phenomenon in terms of world economic development.
Applications of high‐speed videokeratoscopy (2005)

High-speed videokeratoscopy is an emerging technology that has the potential to provide new information on dynamic changes of corneal topography and tear film behaviour. We have developed a high-speed videokeratoscope that has the ability to acquire data at the rate of 50 Hz. Two major applications of the technology are considered in this paper. First, the analysis of tear film stability in the inter-blink interval is evaluated and techniques for estimating the tear film build-up and break-up times are considered. The second application involves the study of the dynamic response of the corneal anterior surface to mechanical forces exerted by the eyelids during horizontal eye movements in downward gaze. The limitations and potential opportunities for the use of this new technology are discussed.
H/sub 2/O-TEOS plasma-CVD realizing dielectrics having a smooth surface (2002)

The authors have grown planarized dielectrics by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from an H/sub 2/O and Si(OC/sub 2/H/sub 5/)/sub 4/ (tetraethylorthosilicate: TEOS) gas system (H/sub 2/O-TEOS PLASMA-CVD). The grown dielectrics have smooth surfaces similar to spin-on-glass (SOG) films, and fill grooves down to 0.2 mu m in width. This paper reports characteristics and planarization mechanism of H/sub 2/O-TEOS PLASMA-CVD dielectrics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of stable contacts for human motion analysis (2006)

Human motion analysis is one of the important topics in visual surveillance applications,the ultimate goal of which is to achieve automated scene understanding. This paper proposes a novel "stable contact "concept for temporal abstraction of image sequences, and presents a Hidden Markov Model (HMM)based framework to recognize continuous human activities. With the extended star-skeleton representation, stable contacts are formed by stationary extreme points, and image sequences are segmented temporally into adjacent but disjoint primitive intervals. We define a set of primitive motion units (PMU 's)over primitive intervals based on stable contacts and trajectories. Thus frame sequences are abstracted as PMU sequences. Discrete HMM 's are trained on manually segmented sequences to classify segmented testing PMU sequences into predefined activities. The continuous recognition on non-segmented PMU sequences is achieved by searching over the time axis, for the best fit between durations of PMU sequences and types of activities. The experiments on various sequences of (mixed) human activities, including walking, running and climbing (fences or rocks), are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed concept and framework.