gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dianhydrogalactitol in bevacizumab-refractory GBM: Further analysis of a phase 1-2 trial. (2018)

2061 Background: Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083) is a first-in-class DNA-targeting agent with anticancer activity established in prior NCI-sponsored trials. We have previously reported results of DLM-10-001 (NCT01478178), a multicenter Phase 1-2 trial of VAL-083 in bevacizumab refractory GBM (BEV-rGBM), with median overall survival (mOS) of 8.35mo from BEV failure and an observed dose response. Here, we report further analysis of OS in DLM-10-001 from the start of treatment for patients (pts) receiving a clinically active dose of VAL-083 compared to pts receiving an inactive dose of the agent and two derived controls of historical and recent electronic medical records (EMR) data. Methods: 45 BEV-rGBM pts were enrolled across 10 cohorts at doses ranging from 1.5mg/m2 to 50mg/m2. Pts received VAL-083 IV on days 1, 2, 3 of a 21-day cycle. MTD was established at 40mg/m2/day. A clinically active dose of VAL-083 was determined at or below MTD based on PK data and in vitro studies against GBM cell-lines included pts from 20, 30 & 40 mg/m2 dose cohorts. OS in DLM-10-001 was calculated from the 1st dose of VAL-083. DLM-10-001 trial data are also compared to historical publications of BEV-rGBM, and recent EMR for BEV-rGBM pts receiving salvage therapy with TMZ, CCNU or carboplatin. mOS and hazard ratios (HR) were estimated by Kaplan-Meier and nominal p-values to compare survival curves by log-rank test (MedCalc Software v18). Results: OS for BEV-rGBM pts treated with a clinically active dose of VAL-083 (mOS = 7.9mo, 95% CI = 3.1-9.6mo) was superior to OS for pts receiving an inactive dose of VAL-083 (mOS = 2.9, HR = 0.341, p = 0.003); historical publications (mOS = 2.8mo, HR = 0.362, p = 0.0005); and EMR data (mOS = 2.9mo, HR = 0.399, p = .011). There was no statistical difference between the control groups. Pts receiving a clinically active dose of VAL-083 demonstrated an OS benefit compared to an aggregate of the controls (mOS = 2.9mo, HR = 0.395, p = .0003). Conclusions: The results suggest a statistically significant and meaningful OS benefit for BEV-rGBM pts treated with a clinically active dose of VAL-083. While small sample size and retrospective nature of the analyses is limiting, the results warrant further exploration via a randomized trial. Clinical trial information: NCT01478178.
Quantum well infrared photodetectors for low-background applications (1998)

High performance long-wavelength GaAs/Al<SUB>x</SUB>Ga<SUB>1-x</SUB>As quantum well infrared photodetectors for low background applications have been demonstrated. This is the first theoretical analysis of quantum well infrared photodetectors for low background applications and the detectivity D* of 6 X 10<SUP>13</SUP> cm(root)Hz/W has been achieved at T equals 40 K with 2 X 10<SUP>9</SUP> photons/cm<SUP>2</SUP>/sec background. In addition, this paper describes the demonstration of mid- wavelength/long-wavelength dualband quantum well infrared photodetectors and long-wavelength/very long-wavelength dualband quantum well infrared photodetectors in 4 - 26 micrometer wavelength region.
Controlled environments for cyber risk assessment of cyber-physical systems (2017)

Cyber risk assessment of a Cyber-Physical System (CPS) without damaging it and without contaminating it with malware is an important and hard problem. Previous work developed a solution to this problem using a control component for simulating cyber effects in a CPS model to mimic a cyber attack. This paper extends the previous work by presenting an algorithm for semi-automated insertion of control components into a CPS model based on Discrete Event Systems (DEVS) formalism. We also describe how to use this algorithm to insert a control component into Live, Virtual, Constructive (LVC) environments that may have non-DEVS models, thereby extending our solution to other systems in general.
Interactive indirect lighting computed in the cloud (2013)

In this talk we present two different ways to map indirect lighting computation onto the new "pipeline" represented by the Cloud. Some of this new pipeline is familiar, but some is quite different. Given the vast space of possible hardware configurations and the many known algorithms for light transport, we explore two quite different approaches to indirect lighting and empirically examine their performance on the Cloud. As this examination is largely empirical, we use test scenes with significant geometric and texture complexity. We present detailed optimizations and measurements of bandwidth and latency performance. We further examine the amortization of indirect lighting across multiple users, a key potential benefit of Cloud-based systems.
sTrack (2014)

We present sTrack, a system that can track objects across multiple cameras without sharing any visual information between two cameras except whether an object was seen by both. To achieve this challenging privacy goal, we leverage recent advances in secure two-party computation and multi-camera tracking. We derive a new distance metric learning technique that is more suited for secure computation. Compared to the existing methods, our technique has lower complexity in secure computation without sacrificing the tracking accuracy. We implement it using a new Boolean circuit for secure tracking. Experiments using real datasets show that the performance overhead of secure tracking is low, adding only a few seconds over non-private tracking.
Cloning and expression of the <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> transferrin receptor genes (1996)

The genomic transferrin receptor genes (tbpA and tbpB) from two strains of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) and two strains of non-typable H. influenzae (NTHi) have been cloned and sequenced. The deduced protein sequences of the H. influenzae tbpA genes were 95-100% conserved and those of the tbpB genes were 66-100% conserved. The tbpB gene from one strain of NTHi was found to encode a truncated Tbp2 protein. The tbpB genes from four additional NTHi strains were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing primers derived from the conserved N-terminal sequences of Tbp1 and Tbp2 and were found to encode full-length proteins. Although several bacterial species express transferrin receptors, when the Tbp1 and Tbp2 sequences from different organisms were compared, there was only limited homology. Recombinant Tbp1 and Tbp2 proteins were expressed from Escherichia coli and antisera were raised to the purified proteins. There was significant antigenic conservation of both Tbp1 and Tbp2 amongst H. influenzae strains, as determined by Western blot analysis. In a passive model of bacteraemia, infant rats were protected from challenge with Hib after transfer of anti-rTbp2 antiserum, but not after anti-rTbp1 antiserum.
Initial characterization of an antineoplastic, polysaccharide-rich extract of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, Tice substrain. (1994)

A purified hot-water extract from Mycobacterium bovis (BCG vaccine) has been found to have significant antitumor activity against a murine sarcoma in vivo, but not in vitro, suggesting that the active compound is behaving as an immunostimulant. The material, termed PS1, has an average molecular weight of 22.4 kDa, is freely soluble in water, but has low solubility in acetone or ethanol, and is remarkably heat-stable, as is the parent BCG vaccine in terms of high-dose antitumor activity. PS1 contains at least 50% carbohydrate, consisting mainly of glucose, galactose and mannose, and about 10% lipid that may correspond to phosphatidylinositol. It shares chemical and biological properties with an arabinomannan isolated from M. tuberculosis, but it contains only trace quantities of lipoarabinomannan (LAM). Crossed immunoelectrophoresis indicated that PS1 contains the mycobacterial antigen 89, but only a single, non-migrating precipitin arc appeared on immunoelectrophoresis against a standard anti-BCG serum. PS1 appears to be non-toxic in mice up to a dose of 5 mg/kg, while as little as 70 micrograms/kg is sufficient to inhibit tumor formation significantly.
Human bile contains MicroRNA-laden extracellular vesicles that can be used for cholangiocarcinoma diagnosis (2014)

These findings establish the importance of using extracellular vesicles, rather than whole bile, for developing miR-based disease markers in bile. Finally, we report on the development of a novel bile-based CCA diagnostic panel that is stable, reproducible, and has potential clinical utility.
Identification of the von Hippel–Lindau tumor-suppressor protein as part of an active E3 ubiquitin ligase complex (1999)

Mutations of von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHL) tumor-suppressor gene product (pVHL) are found in patients with dominant inherited VHL syndrome and in the vast majority of sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas. The function of the pVHL protein has not been clarified. pVHL has been shown to form a complex with elongin B and elongin C (VBC) and with cullin (CUL)-2. In light of the structural analogy of VBC-CUL-2 to SKP1-CUL-1-F-box ubiquitin ligases, the ubiquitin ligase activity of VBC-CUL-2 was examined in this study. We show that VBC-CUL-2 exhibits ubiquitin ligase activity, and we identified UbcH5a, b, and c, but not CDC34, as the ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes of the VBC-CUL-2 ubiquitin ligase. The protein Rbx1/ROC1 enhances ligase activity of VBC-CUL-2 as it does in the SKP1-CUL-1-F-box protein ligase complex. We also found that pVHL associates with two proteins, p100 and p220, which migrate at a similar molecular weight as two major bands in the ubiquitination assay. Furthermore, naturally occurring pVHL missense mutations, including mutants capable of forming a complex with elongin B-elongin C-CUL-2, fail to associate with p100 and p220 and cannot exhibit the E3 ligase activity. These results suggest that pVHL might be the substrate recognition subunit of the VBC-CUL-2 E3 ligase. This is also, to our knowledge, the first example of a human tumor-suppressor protein being directly involved in the ubiquitin conjugation system which leads to the targeted degradation of substrate proteins.
Three-Dimensional Holographic Refractive-Index Measurement of Continuously Flowing Cells in a Microfluidic Channel (2014)

Refractive index of biological specimens is a source of intrinsic contrast that can be explored without any concerns of photobleaching or harmful effects caused by extra contrast agents. In addition, RI contains rich information related to the metabolism of cells at the cellular and subcellular levels. Here, we report a no-moving parts approach that provides three-dimensional refractive index maps of biological samples continuously flowing in a microfluidic channel. Specifically, we use line illumination and off-axis digital holography to record the angular spectra of light scattered from flowing samples at high speed. Applying the scalar diffraction theory, we obtain accurate RI maps of the samples from the measured spectra. Using this method, we demonstrate label-free 3-D imaging of live RKO human colon cancer cells and RPMI8226 multiple myeloma cells, and obtain the volume, dry mass and density of these cells from the measured 3-D refractive index maps. Our results show that the reported method, alone or in combination with the existing flow cytometry techniques, promises as a quantitative tool for stain-free characterization of large number of cells.
Signal Processing Algorithms Implementing the “Smart Sensor” Concept to Improve Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Diabetes (2013)

Glucose readings provided by current continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices still suffer from accuracy and precision issues. In April 2013, we proposed a new conceptual architecture to deal with these problems and render CGM sensors algorithmically smarter, which consists of three modules for denoising, enhancement, and prediction placed in cascade to a commercial CGM sensor. The architecture was assessed on a data set consisting of 24 type 1 diabetes patients collected in four clinical centers of the AP@home Consortium (a European project of 7th Framework Programme funded by the European Committee). This article, as a companion to our prior publication, illustrates the technical details of the algorithms and of the implementation issues.
Analysis of Photovoltaic modules attached with a vertical-axis wind turbine (2017)

In this paper, we have analyzed the performance of rotating Photovoltaic (PV) modules integrated with an H- type vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) consisting of five blades. The PV modules used are flexible monocrystalline thin films. The importance of the proposed design over the conventional photovoltaic wind-hybrid systems are: first, it combines the turbine with PV modules resulting in a reduced utilized area (about 0.25m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). Second, the rotating PV modules self-cool themselves and prevent the dust accumulation on their surfaces resulting in an increase in their efficiencies compared to the fixed PV modules. This paper proves experimentally that the rotating PV modules produce more output voltage. We have also modeled the variation of the output voltage as a function of the operating temperatures by four parameters where the error doesn't exceed 1.2%. The output voltage readings of the PV modules are collected from the slip rings used in the design and then monitored by an Arduino microcontroller.
A Generic Concept of a System for Predicting Driving Behaviors (2012)

Today, many vehicles are equipped with Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) to warn the driver about the potential danger of a scene, but in some situations the warning is not early enough to avoid an accident. A solution for preparing the driver and giving him the time to react to such dangerous events is to predict the behavior of other traffic participants. This paper describes a method to predict the behavior of the surrounding vehicles by a classification approach. However, the behavior alternatives strongly depend on the scenario faced by the target vehicle. Where most of the state-of-the-art approaches focus on a single scenario, the concept presented in this paper aims at a generic solution, allowing for behavior prediction for a large amount of different scenes. The idea of the method is to categorize scenes into a hierarchy from the most generic ones in the top nodes to the most specific ones in the leaves. Every node of the hierarchy is a scene containing a set of classifiers to predict the possible behaviors. GPS and digital maps provide the static information about the infrastructure, which is used to determine the nodes fitting to the current situation. As a first step this paper shows accurate prediction of traffic participants behavior in highway entrance situations for a prediction horizon of up to 3 seconds.
Three-dimensional visual stimulus deflector (1978)

A 3-D visual stimulus deflector has been designed so that a subject can view any stimulus pattern or object through it, and the pattern (up to 25 degrees in diameter) can be moved over a range of 40 degrees horizontally and 30 degrees vertically. The optical distance of the object being viewed can be changed over a 15-diopter range, while the brightness and visual angle subtended by the object remain fixed. Further, the observer can view the object through a pupil of any desired shape and transmittance. Horizontal and vertical movements are independent, with time delays of 1 msec and a response range from dc to 200 Hz. Focus change is independent of lateral field motion and has a time delay of 12 msec and a maximum slewing rate of approximately 40 diopters/sec. Two such devices can be aligned side by side in a binocular configuration for independent 3-D control of the fixation of each eye.
Studies of the pressure induced transition from diffuse to constricted arcing in large vacuum arc furnaces (1990)

Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process used to produce superalloys. A dc arc is utilized to melt the alloy at normal pressures of {approximately}1 Pa. However, in some instances the pressure in the region of the arc can reach abnormally high values due to CO evolution from the molten ingot, giving rise to a furnace condition known as glow.'' This phenomenon was investigated by studying metal vapor arcs burning on 152 mm diameter Alloy 718 electrodes at 2.3 kA in a modified VAR furnace in CO ambients of 1.3, 13.3, and 66.7 Pa. Electrical signatures and high speed photographic data were recorded at all pressures. At the lowest pressure, the arc was diffuse with cathode spots distributed randomly across the molten electrode surface. Under these conditions, the inter-electrode space appeared to be uniformly filled with plasma. Monochromatic images taken at this pressure show mobile ion channels connecting regions of cathode spot activity with the molten ingot pool. Because spot motion is fast compared to the thermal diffusion speed in the ingot, this arc constitutes a quasi-uniform heat source necessary for successful application of the process. At a CO pressure of 66.7 Pa, the arc was localized andmore » normal cathode spot action had ceased, although normal appearing constricted plasma attachments were observed to spontaneously appear at the bottom of molten metal protuberances as they dripped from the electrode and drew within a few millimeters of the ingot surface. At this pressure, the arc was observed to operate in either of the two modes, one characterized by high'' voltage ({minus}24 V), and the other by low voltage ({minus}19 V). At 13.3 Pa CO the arc was not stable, although heating of the electrode remained quasi-uniform. 14 refs., 12 figs.« less
Randomized Space-Time Coding for Distributed Cooperative Communication: Fractional Diversity (2006)

We study the problem of designing distributed space-time codes for cooperative communication. A major challenge in distributed cooperative transmissions is to find a way to coordinate the relay transmissions without requiring extra control information overhead. Most of the previous works on the subject assume each node emulates a predetermined antenna of a multiple-antenna system. However, this requires a centralized "antenna allocation" procedure. Here, we introduce randomized strategies that decentralize the transmission of a space time code from a set of distributed relays. The simple idea we propose is to let each node transmit a random linear combination of the codewords that would be transmitted by all the antennas in a centralized space time coding scheme. We provide different code designs that achieve the diversity order (min(N, L)) when number of nodes N is different than the number of virtual antennas L. In this paper, we focus on the case when N = L and we show that under certain designs the achieved diversity order is fractional
On-Line Unsupervised Adaptation in Speaker Verification: Confidence-Based Updates and Improved Parameter Estimation (2001)

This paper presents the second part of a new approach to on-line unsupervised adaptation in speaker verification. The new approach extends previous work in the literature by (1) improving performance on the enrollment handset-type when adapting on a different handset-type (e.g., improving performance on cellular when adapting on a landline office phone), (2) accomplishing this cross channel improvement without increasing the size of the speaker model after adaptation, (3) employing a countbased, parameter-dependent smoothing algorithm that emphasizes the use of mean parameters in the speaker models until sufficient adaptation data are present to accurately estimate variances, and (4) developing a new confidence-based adaptation update weight which minimizes the corrupting effects on the speaker models from impostor attacks. Experimental results show a 61% (rel.) overall reduction in EER using the new on-line adaptation approach even with a significant impostor attack rate, and a 24% improvement in EER due to the new confidencebased adaptation scheme for those speaker models corrupted by impostor utterances.
Spatial light modulators using charge-coupled-device addressing and electroabsorption effects in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (1988)

We describe the fabrication and performance of the first spatial light modulators (SLM’s) which combine addressing in AlGaAs charge-coupled devices (CCD’s) and electroabsorption effects in GaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum wells (MQW’s). One-dimensional, sixteen-stage, three-phase AlGaAs CCD’s with semitransparent gates were fabricated on the surface of the SLM. The optical signal propagates normal to the surface and enters the SLM through the gates. The transmission of this signal through the MQW is then modulated according to the channel voltage of the CCD’s. The maximum contrast ratio at 847 nm was measured to be 1.45:1 for these GaAs/AlGaAs -based SLM’s.
High crystalline quality single crystal CVD diamond (2009)

Homoepitaxial chemical vapour deposition (CVD) on high pressure high temperature (HPHT) synthetic diamond substrates allows production of diamond material with controlled point defect content. In order to minimize the extended defect content, however, it is necessary to minimize the number of substrate extended defects that reach the initial growth surface and the nucleation of dislocations at the interface between the CVD layer and its substrate. X-ray topography has indicated that when type IIa HPHT synthetic substrates are used the density of dislocations nucleating at the interface can be less than 400 cm-2. X-ray topography, photoluminescence imaging and birefringence microscopy of HPHT grown synthetic type IIa diamond clearly show that the extended defect content is growth sector dependent. <111> sectors contain the highest concentration of both stacking faults and dislocations but <100> sectors are relatively free of both. It has been shown that HPHT treatment of such material can significantly reduce the area of stacking faults and cause dislocations to move. This knowledge, coupled with an understanding of how growth sectors develop during HPHT synthesis, has been used to guide selection and processing of substrates suitable for CVD synthesis of material with high crystalline perfection and controlled point defect content.
Modeling of Turn-On Delay Time Jitter in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (1995)

ScottW. Corzine, Michael R. Tan,Shih-YuanWang, Guoying Ding*Communications andOptics Research LaboratoryHPL-95-136December, 1995VCSEL, jitter The pattern-dependent behavior of the turn-ondelay in proton-implanted Vertical-CavitySurface-Emitting Lasers is modeled with rateequations that include a second carrier reservoirto account for the current spreading underneaththeproton-implantedregions. We find thatundercertain conditions, the carrier density in theseregions can increase the turn-on jittersignificantly.
A microfluidic blood-clogging valve for on-chip blood analysis (2011)

The lack of simple but reliable microvalves is still a serious problem for many lab-on-a-chip applications. This work studied the use of blood coagulation, the transformation of liquid blood into solid coagulum, as a possible valving mechanism for microfluidic control and demonstrated a one-time open-to-close valve. This is done by creating a solidified blood coagulum, which clogs a normally-open fluidic channel as a closed valve. Local thermal coagulation is demonstrated using a focused laser for blood heating. This clogging valve can withstand a back pressure of 22 psig or higher and its simple structure is well-suited for disposable devices.