gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ebola haemorrhagic fever (1998)

Ebola haemorrhagic fever (EHF) recently received considerable attention in the international media. The virus responsible for this disease is often viewed as the archetype of the new and emerging 'Andromeda strains' menacing humanity. The number of reported cases (fewer than 1000 since 1976, when the virus was discovered) is far lower than that of other classic, less-publicized, forgotten, preventable, and treatable diseases. Nevertheless, at the public health policy level, EHF is a good marker of impaired medical infrastructures.
Pressure Energy, Resistance and Reactance in Fluid Leak & Flow (2016)

The fluid current in a fluid circuit, corresponding to the electrical current in an electrical circuit, is determined by a fluid pressure corresponding to electrical pressure (voltage), and a fluid impedance corresponding to electrical impedance, and directly proportional to the fluid pressure and inversely proportional to the fluid impedance between two ends of the fluid circuit. The fluid impedance is the algebraic sum of the fluid resistance and the fluid reactance between the two ends. Fluid resistance is a physical quantity for measuring the peripheral resistance of a fluid current; fluid reactance, a physical quantity for measuring the front resistance of a fluid current; and leak resistance, a physical quantity for measuring the tightness of a seal. The three quantities have an identical measuring unit, indicating the sustained fluid pressure needed for a unit of fluid currents, or for a unit cubage of fluids for a unit of time, to flow through a fluid resistance, a fluid reactance or a leak resistance, and so (the current) x (the resistance) = (the pressure energy consumed by the resistance), (the current) x (the reactance) = (the pressure energy converted into the kinetic energy by the reactance), (the current) x (the leak resistance) = (the pressure energy consumed by the leak resistance), and (the current) x (the resistance + the reactance) = (the general pressure needed for a fluid current to flow through a fluid circuit). A leak path of seals, almost with kinetic energy negligible, can be considered a typical fluid circuit without any fluid reactance. Reactance of piping is from its each bore-changing passage or port. Reactance from reducing passages or ports is positive, and reactance from enlarging passages or ports is negative. A fluid current flowing past a moving object is equivalent to the one flowing in a pipe's wall-bulged passage whose corresponding right inclusion body has the same axis, generatrix and volume as the object's has. The fluid currents flowing over and under a wing are equivalent to the ones flowing in two parallel contiguous pipe lengths that are placed one under the other and use the length of the wing chord plane as the circumference of their cylindrical inlet and outlet walls, and use the upper and lower average curve surfaces of the wing separately as their upper and lower curve walls. The lift of the wing is from the inner pressure difference of the two pipe lengths.
Probabilistic analysis of regularization (1993)

In order to use interpolated data wisely, it is important to have reliability and confidence measures associated with it. A method for computing the reliability at each point of any linear functional of a surface reconstructed using regularization is presented. The proposed method is to define a probability structure on the class of possible objects and compute the variance of the corresponding random variable. This variance is a natural measure for uncertainty, and experiments have shown it to correlate well with reality. The probability distribution used is based on the Boltzmann distribution. The theoretical part of the work utilizes tools from classical analysis, functional analysis, and measure theory on function spaces. The theory was tested and applied to real depth images. It was also applied to formalize a paradigm of optimal sampling, which was successfully tested on real depth images.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cultivation Experiment of Cowpea Covered with Insect-proof Net (2014)

The most serious potential hazard of cowpea product is the pesticide residue for controlling such pests as thrips and cowpea pod borer. To explore a safe and efficient mode of cowpea production that is fit for climatic characteristics of Hainan,ensure the safety of cowpea supply,minimize the use of pesticides,and control pests in physical means,insect-proof nets are applied in cowpea cultivation. We set 5-mm,2. 5-mm and 1. 67-mm insect-proof nets as three treatments and open filed cultivation as CK to explore efficiency of insect-proof net in cowpea production in terms of insect-proof efficiency,biological characters and commodity properties and yield of cowpea. The results showed that insect-proof cultivation was efficient in controlling pests,especially the 2. 5-mm net showed the optimal effect for cowpea production.
Differentiating Obstructive and Central Sleep Respiratory Events through Pulse Transit Time (1998)

Noninvasive alternatives to esophageal pressure (Pes) are needed to evaluate respiratory effort during sleep. Pulse transit time (PTT) is the time taken for pulse pressure to travel from the aortic valve to the periphery. PTT has been shown to be inversely correlated with blood pressure, and can reveal acute changes generated by high pleural pressure swings during pulsus paradoxus. A close relationship has been demonstrated between the increase in Pes and a progressive rise in the amplitude of PTT oscillations. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of PTT for the classification of sleep respiratory events as central or obstructive. Respiratory events occurring during sleep were randomly chosen from 13 unselected male patients (mean apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] = 25.1 per hour of sleep; age = 47.3 yr, body mass index [BMI] = 27.1 kg/m2). Two observers experienced in polysomnography classified 177 events on the basis of the "gold standard method": the measurement of Pes. For 167 events about which the observers agreed, the PTT signal was analyzed visually and independently by the two observers blinded to Pes, in order to reclassify the same sleep respiratory events. The two observers were in agreement for 94.6% of the events scored visually on PTT recordings. We evaluated sensitivity (Se) (Observer 1: 94%, Observer 2: 91%), specificity (Sp) (97% and 95%, respectively), negative predictive value (NPV) (95% and 92%, respectively), and positive predictive value (PPV) (96% and 94%, respectively), of PTT with Pes as the reference. Misclassifications of respiratory episodes were usually due to artifacts or baseline variations of the PTT signal (57%), and occurred during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (42.8%). PTT has shown a high sensitivity and specificity in differentiating obstructive and central respiratory events, and may become the reference noninvasive tool for this purpose.
Diagnostic strategies in Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1998)

Pneumocystis carinii (P. carinii) remains a major pulmonary pathogen for the immunocompromised patient. In HIV infected patients, P. carinii represents the most commonly diagnosed cause of pneumonia. In the AIDS patient, empiric therapy based on clinical presentation has its proponents. However, this approach has been associated with a worse overall prognosis for the at risk patient. Because P. carinii can not be cultured, specific identification relies on examining respiratory specimens ranging from expectorated sputum to bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). The low sensitivity of conventional stains has led to the search for antibodies to P. carinii and the use of immunofluorescent techniques. In addition, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is successfully being used in the diagnosis of P. carinii. Overall, these techniques allow the clinician to tailor the diagnostic testing for the individual patient.
The bHLH protein ROX acts in concert with RAX1 and LAS to modulate axillary meristem formation in Arabidopsis (2012)

During post-embryonic shoot development, new meristems are initiated in the axils of leaves. They produce secondary axes of growth that determine morphological plasticity and reproductive efficiency in higher plants. In this study, we describe the role of the bHLH-protein-encoding Arabidopsis gene REGULATOR OF AXILLARY MERISTEM FORMATION (ROX), which is the ortholog of the branching regulators LAX PANICLE1 (LAX1) in rice and barren stalk1 (ba1) in maize. rox mutants display compromised axillary bud formation during vegetative shoot development, and combination of rox mutants with mutations in RAX1 and LAS, two key regulators of axillary meristem initiation, enhances their branching defects. In contrast to lax1 and ba1, flower development is unaffected in rox mutants. Over-expression of ROX leads to formation of accessory side shoots. ROX mRNA accumulates at the adaxial boundary of leaf and flower primordia. However, in the vegetative phase, axillary meristems initiate after ROX expression has terminated, suggesting an indirect role for ROX in meristem formation. During vegetative development, ROX expression is dependent on RAX1 and LAS activity, and all three genes act in concert to modulate axillary meristem formation.
Characterization of the Corrinoid Iron-Sulfur ProteinTetrachloroethene Reductive Dehalogenase of <i>Dehalobacterrestrictus</i> (2003)

ABSTRACT The membrane-bound tetrachloroethene reductive dehalogenase (PCE-RDase) (PceA; EC 1.97.1.8), the terminal component of the respiratory chain of Dehalobacter restrictus , was purified 25-fold to apparent electrophoretic homogeneity. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a single band with an apparent molecular mass of 60 ± 1 kDa, whereas the native molecular mass was 71± 8 kDa according to size exclusion chromatography in the presence of the detergent octyl-β- d -glucopyranoside. The monomeric enzyme contained (per mol of the 60-kDa subunit) 1.0± 0.1 mol of cobalamin, 0.6 ± 0.02 mol of cobalt, 7.1± 0.6 mol of iron, and 5.8 ± 0.5 mol of acid-labile sulfur. Purified PceA catalyzed the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene and trichloroethene to cis -1,2-dichloroethene with a specific activity of 250 ± 12 nkat/mg of protein. In addition, several chloroethanes and tetrachloromethane caused methyl viologen oxidation in the presence of PceA. The K m values for tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and methyl viologen were 20.4± 3.2, 23.7 ± 5.2, and 47 ± 10 μM, respectively. The PceA exhibited the highest activity at pH 8.1 and was oxygen sensitive, with a half-life of activity of 280 min upon exposure to air. Based on the almost identical N-terminal amino acid sequences of PceA of Dehalobacter restrictus , Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain TCE1 (formerly Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain TCE1), and Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain PCE-S (formerly Desulfitobacterium frappieri strain PCE-S), the pceA genes of the first two organisms were cloned and sequenced. Together with the pceA genes of Desulfitobacterium hafniense strains PCE-S and Y51, the pceA genes of Desulfitobacterium hafniense strain TCE1 and Dehalobacter restrictus form a coherent group of reductive dehalogenases with almost 100% sequence identity. Also, the pceB genes, which may code for a membrane anchor protein of PceA, and the intergenic regions of Dehalobacter restrictus and the three desulfitobacteria had identical sequences. Whereas the cprB (chlorophenol reductive dehalogenase) genes of chlorophenol-dehalorespiring bacteria are always located upstream of cprA , all pceB genes known so far are located downstream of pceA. The possible consequences of this feature for the annotation of putative reductive dehalogenase genes are discussed, as are the sequence around the iron-sulfur cluster binding motifs and the type of iron-sulfur clusters of the reductive dehalogenases of Dehalobacter restrictus and Desulfitobacterium dehalogenans identified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Layer-by-Layer Bioprinting of Stem Cells for Retinal Tissue Regeneration (2015)

Abstract : We aim to investigate a Layer-by-Layer (LBL) bioprinting process using stem cells for retinal tissue regeneration. The LBL nature of the bioprinting process matches nicely with the native, multilaminar anatomy of the retina. This research will bioprint retinal stem cells (RSCs) and appropriate growth factors (GF) encapsulated in a biomaterial (e.g. hyaluronic acid, HA). We will investigate the mechanical, chemical and biological properties of the hydrogel materials. We will study the cell viability and analyze the biological functions of the 3D printed retina tissue.
FPGA Implementation of Matrix Inversion Using QRD-RLS Algorithm (2006)

This paper presents a novel architecture for matrix inversion by generalizing the QR decomposition-based recursive least square (RLS) algorithm. The use of Squared Givens rotations and a folded systolic array makes this architecture very suitable for FPGA implementation. Input is a 4 Ã 4 matrix of complex, floating point values. The matrix inversion design can achieve throughput of 0.13M updates per second on a state of the art Xilinx Virtex4 FPGA running at 115 MHz. Due to the modular partitioning and interfacing between multiple Boundary and Internal processing units, this architecture is easily extendable for other matrix sizes.
Model of a Prospective Digital Platform to Consolidate the Resources of Economic Activity in the Digital Economy (2019)

Within the framework of the development of the national economy is considered the model of a digital platform that ensures interoperability of autonomous control systems of subjects of economic activities – federal, regional, institutional, commercial and other organizational systems. The relevance of such a model is driven by the need to solve economic tasks on the subject of consolidating the productive resources of economic agents. This model underlies the systemic and technical solutions for building and operation of a promising digital platform. These solutions were created by authors with a view to their implementation on the basis of technologies for processing large data, artificial intelligence and machine learning. Their effect is to increase productivity of organizational systems operating using the digital platform.
RING finger palmitoylation of the endoplasmic reticulum Gp78 E3 ubiquitin ligase (2012)

Gp78 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase within the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation pathway. We show that Flag-tagged gp78 undergoes sulfhydryl cysteine palmitoylation (S-palmitoylation) within the RING finger motif, responsible for its ubiquitin ligase activity. Screening of 19 palmitoyl acyl transferases (PATs) identified five that increased gp78 RING finger palmitoylation. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized Myc-DHHC6 overexpression promoted the peripheral ER distribution of Flag-gp78 while RING finger mutation and the palmitoylation inhibitor 2-bromopalmitate restricted gp78 to the central ER. Palmitoylation of RING finger cysteines therefore regulates gp78 distribution to the peripheral ER.
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer between specific-labeled sites on DNA. (1992)

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer on DNA has been studied for the estimation of distances between specific sites. Two kind of fluorophores, donor and acceptor, were incorporated on double-stranded DNA via phosphorothioate linkage (Sp, Rp, or racemic mixture). The thermal stability of labeled DNA's was slightly dependent on the stereochemical orientation of fluorophore, however all of the duplex structures were stable under the conditions for fluorescence study. The distances between donor and acceptor fluorophores, estimated from fluorescence energy transfer, generally agreed with the expected distance in a B-type DNA for the limiting distance.
Comparison of biomechanical and structural properties between human aortic and pulmonary valve*1 (2004)

Mechanical differences between aortic and pulmonary valve are minimal. Ultrastructural studies show that the aortic and pulmonary valves have similar structural elements and architecture. This investigation suggests that the pulmonary valve can be considered mechanically and structurally suitable for use as an aortic valve replacement.
A Concept for the Dynamic Adjustment of Maintenance Intervals by Analysing Heterogeneous Data (2015)

Efficient operation and maintenance processes are important factors to reduce the operating costs of industrial facilities and components. Therefore, both research and industry developed maintenance strategies ranging from fixed time intervals to condition-based activities. However, due to unpredictable events, disturbances and unknown processing times for maintenance activities, many strategies do not meet the requirements of real-world industrial systems. In this paper, a new data-driven concept is presented where data analysis is used to support the dynamic adjustments of maintenance intervals. An overall strategy is developed in which the analysis of data is an integral part for standard maintenance processes, considering their particular workflow and their constraints. The analysed data come from different systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning, Condition Monitoring Systems, and internal service logs of the components or from maintenance activities. The concept encompasses the aligned application of different methods for aggregating these data and for predicting the component’s condition and its remaining useful life. In particular, it is exemplarily shown how the Weibull distribution, the Wiener process, and neural networks are combined to support decisions regarding the dynamic adjustment of the maintenance intervals in industrial facilities. This leads to a better utilisation of components, avoids failures and breakdowns and saves cost. The capability and applicability of these methods is illustrated by applying them to generators of an offshore wind farm.
Solvoplex: A New Type of Synthetic Vector for Intrapulmonary Gene Delivery (1999)

A novel type of synthetic vector, termed solvoplex, is described that can greatly enhance gene expression in lung after intrapulmonary delivery. Solvoplexes consist of plasmid DNA and organic solvents. Several organic solvents were analyzed, and luciferase reporter gene expression was observed after intrapulmonary delivery of solvoplexes containing DPSO (di-n-propylsulfoxide), TMU (tetramethylurea), or BMSO (butylmethylsulfoxide). Expression levels correlated with the amount of solvent used at constant DNA amounts. Highest expression was obtained in the lung after intratracheal injection with 15% DPSO resulting in an increase up to 440-fold compared with DNA alone. DPSO-solvoplexes (15%) gave higher reporter gene expression than polyplexes (ExGen 500) or lipoplexes (DOTAP-cholesterol or DOTAP-DOPE). Solvoplex-mediated gene expression did not depend on the delivery mode, and was observed in both mice and rats. Readministration of DPSO-solvoplexes was possible. A second injection after 4 weeks resulted in expression levels similar to the first administration. Histological analyses using lacZ and GFP reporter genes demonstrated gene expression in the lung airway epithelium after intratracheal and microspray delivery. When luciferase expression levels in lung homogenates were compared with adenovirus vectors, DPSO-solvoplexes were 4- or 100-fold less efficient, depending on the promoter used in the viral vector. A quantitative histological comparison between solvoplexes and adenovirus vectors in the best expressing regions revealed that solvoplexes yielded about 2% LacZ-positive cells in the lung airway epithelium, and adenovirus vectors about 20%. Using the microsprayer system, we demonstrated that DNA remained intact in solvoplexes on spraying and that reporter gene expression was observed in mice after intrapulmonary delivery of a solvoplex spray. DNA in DPSO-solvoplexes remained stable and functional after prolonged storage at room temperature.
Extra-Deep Resistivity Experience in Brazil Geosteering Operations (2013)

Abstract The relatively recent development of azimuthal resistivity measurements enables proactive geosteering within complex reservoirs. These successful tools are the major contributor to the substantial expansion of horizontal drilling. The tools enable determining the distance (up to 5 m in ideal conditions) and the azimuthal direction to a resistivity boundary. In ideal conditions, the well is inside a high resistivity layer and the shoulder bed is low resistivity, giving geologists warning of approaching adjacent conductive beds. When the tool is in a low resistivity layer, the depth of detection of an adjacent high resistivity layer is much smaller. In these situations, it is often not possible to use the tool for effective geosteering. An extra-deep resistivity tool has been used for several years in Norway and has been introduced in the Peregrino Field in Brazil. It operates at lower frequencies, has large transmitter-receiver spacings and a depth of detection up to 25 m. This tool was deployed in addition to the conventional directional resistivity instrument. The new application in Brazil was supported by inversion software (still in development) to enable possible interpretation of the geology within the tool range. The inversion results provide information that can help identify adjacent reservoir layers while in the target zone and measure the thickness of the reservoir layer being drilled. Examples are presented from one well where the extra-deep resistivity provided early warnings and additional information that helped to steer the well successfully and maximize reservoir coverage. The extra-deep measurements from the tool also provide valuable reservoir understanding and knowledge for future well planning purposes.
Operating System Battle in the Ecosystem of Smartphone Industry (2009)

Consumers' need for multi-function cell phones drives the development of smartphones and their operating systems. Although the competition among smartphone operating systems is lasting for years, there is little research on this topic. This study aims to analysis the smartphone OS market in an ecosystem perspective. We first compare food webs of major smartphone OS companies and the role of OS in their business models, and then summarize unique features of the competition. We point out key resources for competition in the smartphone OS market based on network effect, and draw some implications for new business opportunities.
Appearance of a stress-response protein, phage-shock protein A, in Escherichia coli exposed to hydrophobic organic solvents (1998)

A 28 kDa protein associated with the inner membrane was induced strongly in Escherichia coli K-12 cells grown in the presence of a hydrophobic organic solvent, n-hexane or cyclooctane. These organic solvents suppressed the growth (growth rate and yield) of E. coli. A partial amino acid sequence showed that this protein was the phage-shock protein PspA. PspA is known to be induced in E. coli cells under extreme stress conditions. The results suggest that E. coli cells are subject to strong stress in the presence of organic solvents. Introduction of a multi-copy plasmid vector carrying the psp operon into E. coli improved the survival frequency of cells exposed suddenly to n-hexane but not the growth rate of cells growing in the presence of n-hexane.