gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimedia data and tools for Web services over wireless platforms (1998)

A form of ubiquitous computing can be achieved with access to the Web from a mobile computing platform, that is, almost unlimited access to worldwide information and services, with no cables confining users to their desks. However, in consideration of this type of user, Web content and service providers have to be aware of the limitations of a wireless platform. Those limitations pose resource and performance values similar to those of the past on the specification demands of the present. In order to prevent a step backward in the content assets of applications, the effects of some constraints of the mobile platform have to be reduced and alternative procedures investigated. In this article, a set of procedures and techniques developed for effective provision and handling of vector graphics and animation contents on a wireless platform is described. It includes granularity reduction of multimedia data, combined handling of media formats, and dynamic generation, plus progressive assembling of service content parts. This work is being realized within a major European project whose main goal is to create the means of providing multimedia services for the Web over mobile computing platforms.
A facile and fast synthetic approach to create selenium nanoparticles with diverse shapes and their antioxidation ability (2015)

A facile microwave-assisted method was developed to synthesize multi-morphology selenium nanoparticles with better antioxidation properties as their size decreased.
Clinical immunotoxicity of therapeutic proteins (2008)

Therapeutic proteins are proteins engineered in the laboratory for pharmaceutical use. Although they tend to offer a better safety margin than most synthetic small molecules because they are processed by the same pathways as natural proteins in the human body, or mimic or replace natural proteins that are missing or defective, they can induce a variety of adverse effects in human patients among which immunotoxic effects deserve particular attention. Infectious complications and virus-induced neoplasias are the main consequences of intended or unexpected immunosuppression. They have been primarily described with anti-TNF-alpha drugs and anticancer monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) whose immunosuppressive effects can be largely anticipated from their mechanism of action. Cytokine release-associated adverse reactions ranging from mild-to-moderate flu-like reactions to severe cytokine release syndromes, or exceptionally cytokine storm, are now an issue of chief concern. They have been observed with most of the therapeutic proteins in current use. Acute infusion reactions whose clinical features are somewhat similar have been variably described with many mAbs. Immunostimulatory properties are suspected to account for the occurrence of more frequent autoimmune diseases as seen in patients treated with recombinant cytokines such as the IFNs-alpha and rIL-2. The risk of more frequent hypersensitivity reactions to unrelated allergens is also suspected to be a potential consequence of immunostimulation but compelling evidence is limited to radiocontrast media-induced hypersensitivity reactions in IL-2 treated cancer patients. In addition, recombinant cytokines can inhibit cytochrome P450 dependent biotransformation pathways with resulting alterations in the pharmacokinetics of the combined drugs at therapeutic dose. Because of their structure and origin, therapeutic proteins are intrinsically immunogenic. Despite extensive laboratory and clinical studies that were instrumental in delineating general concepts about key factors involved in immunogenicity, it is impossible nowadays to anticipate to what extent a novel therapeutic protein will be immunogenic in human patients. Specific antibodies are frequently detected in the sera of treated patients. They are often inconsequential but can also be neutralizing and result in decreased efficacy. Anaphylactic reactions induced by human therapeutic proteins have been rarely reported and true serum sickness extremely rarely. Because the immunotoxic effects of therapeutic proteins are frequent, sometimes severe and even potentially life-threatening, there is an urgent need to improve our capacity to anticipate the immunotoxic risks of novel therapeutic proteins and this could be achieved by the development of clinical immunotoxicology.
Improved Light Extraction Efficiency of InGaN-Based Light-Emitting Diodes with Patterned n-GaN Substrate (2007)

We improved the light extraction efficiency of InGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in which an n-type GaN layer was patterned onto a sapphire substrate with nano-sized SiO2 columns. Indium tin oxide thin layer deposition on a SiO2 layer followed by wet etching gives rise to oxide self-assembled clusters of 100–400 nm size and a subsequent SiO2 etching with an oxide mask results in SiO2 columns on an n-type GaN layer. The output power of the patterned n-GaN substrate (PNS) LED shows a 1.33 time increase compared with that of a normal LED without an n-GaN pattern when the total output power emitted in all directions from the packaging LED was measured under a current injection of 20 mA. The increase in output power from the PNS LED depends on the size of the SiO2 columns on the n-type GaN substrate.
MarCO: CubeSats to Mars in 2016 (2015)

In March of 2016, the InSight lander will launch from Vandenberg Air Force Base to begin a 6.5 month cruise to Mars. Soon after InSight separates from the upper stage of the launch vehicle, the two MarCO CubeSats will deploy and independently fly to Mars to support telecommunications relay for InSight’s entry, descent, and landing sequence. These craft will have onboard capability for deep space trajectory correction maneuvers; high-speed direct-to-Earth & DSN-compatible communications; an advanced navigation transponder; a large deployable reflectarray high gain antenna; and a robust software suite. This paper will present preliminary information on the MarCO project, including a concept of operations and details of the CubeSats and subsystem design. MarCO will open the door for NanoSpacecraft to serve in support roles for much larger primary missions – in this case, providing a real-time relay of for the InSight project. It will also be the first CubeSats to reach deep space, building upon the lessons learned from the INSPIRE project. At only a 6U in size, these craft well illustrate the tremendous capability available in a small package. And in 2016, CubeSats will reach Mars.
Protective effects and mechanism of astragalus preparation on renal damage induced by fast compression and decompression in rats (2009)

Objective To investigate protective effects and mechanism of astragalus preparation on renal damage induced by fast compression and decompression in rats.Methods 54 SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups,i.e.the control group consisting of 18 rats without any treatment;the fast compression and decompression group ( fast group) consisting of the same number of rats were exposed to fast compression and decompression;The astragahs experimental group of 18 rats were orally administrated with astragalns preparation (10 g/kg) before and after fast compression and decompression.SCr,SOD and MDA in the renal tissue were measured 1 h,2 h and 12 h following fast compression and decompression.Pathological changes in the renal tissue were observed 1 h after fast compression and decompression.Results SCr and MDA in renal tissue in the fast and experimental groups were higher than that of the control group ( P < 0.01 ).SCr and MDA in the renal tissue in the experimental group were lower than those of the fast group ( P <0.01 ).SCr and MDA in the renal tissue after 2 h were higher after 1 and 12 h within group (P <0.01);SOD in the renal tissue in fast and experimental groups was lower than that of the control group ( P < 0.01 ).SOD in the renal tissue for the experimental group was higher than that of the fast group at all time points(P <0.01 ).SOD in the renal tissue after 2 h was lower than the 1 and 12 h within group (P<0.01).Conclusions Astragalus preparation might be effective against renal damage following fast compression and decompression.Its mechanism might be due to reduced production of MAD and consumption of SOD.

Key words: 
Fast compression and decompression; SCr; SOD; MDA; Astragalus
Characterization of the E-selectin ligand on NK cells. (1994)

Abstract In this study we demonstrate that human CD56+CD16+/CD3- NK cells adhere to the E-selectin expressed by stimulated HUVEC in a sialidase- and Ca(2+)-dependent manner, and express a silylated Lex adhesion structure. We have characterized this sLe(x) epitope on NK cell in detail and show here that the sLe(x) on NK cells was not recognized by the CSLEX1 Ab, but was readily identified by two anti-di-sLe(x) Abs, KM-93 and FH-6. Furthermore, cleaving sialic acid with a sialidase treatment revealed a pool of Le(x) epitopes on the NK cells surface, providing further proof that NK cells express sLe(x) epitopes. Extensive protease treatments did not cleave the sLe(x) epitope from NK cells, which suggests that it could be linked to a lipid backbone. This di-sLe(x) was able to mediate adhesion to E-selectin, suggesting that it represents an essential part or is closely related to a selectin ligand on NK cells. We were also able to show that NK cells possess several alpha 2,3 sialyltransferases and alpha 1,3 or alpha 1,3/4 fucosyltransferases. These enzymes are crucial in the synthesis of sLe(x) epitopes on cell surfaces. Taken together, we provide evidence that NK cells have a di-sLe(x) oligosaccharide capable of adhesion to E-selectin, and NK cells have the machinery (i.e., relevant transferases) to generate these sialylated Lewis oligosaccharides.
On Chen Yinke (II) (2003)

Through the evaluation of Chen Yinke' s academic achievements and perspective, the analysis of his personality and cultural choice , the discussion of some problems in his study and thorough evaluation , we' ve got a conclusion that Chen lived in a sharp conflict of ration and emotion where he could on one hand be pully aware of the historical fate of old Chinese culture but on the other hand couldn' t get rid of it . His Poems Collection and all his other works had revealed this point. His idea base did not lie in humanism but in nationalism. What he pursues was not the truth to all over the world but the uncurable principles limited in a certain time and area. Chen is not a true liberal but a firm conservative.
The cooling‐suit: case studies of its influence on fatigue among eight individuals with multiple sclerosis (2002)

The result indicates that use of a cooling-suit by individuals with MS may decrease their sense of fatigue. In this sample positive outcomes on daily life situations were reported. Further studies are needed to support these results.
The Use of Acoustic Emission in a Test for Beam Lead Bond Integrity (1976)

The use of Acoustic Emission (AE) in a test for beam lead bond integrity has been investigated. AE refers to emission of broad band stress waves when materials are broken, cracked, or deformed. A major problem in the present work was to develop means of nondestructively stressing the delicate, irregularly extending beam leads. The most promising of the methods developed are a silicone rubber (SR) pull test, a push down test on SR encapsulated devices, and various probe methods of applying force to the beams without contacting the chip. AE bursts from weak bonds or beam anchors are detected with a substrate detector operating at 375 kHz or a probe detector operating at 1.1 MHz or both. The study has revealed considerable differences in the mechanical integrity of beam lead bond-anchor systems. General deterioration of the beam-anchor system begins at pull forces per beam of from approximately 1.0 to 2.5 gf, depending on the manufacturer's procedure. The forces applied to the beam-anchor system for all methods of stressing, except the pull test, are dependent upon the shape of the individual beams as they extend from the chip, as well as the uniformity of the bugging height. There are many other potential uses of AE in electronics, such as to insure the bonding integrity of flip chips, capacitor chips in hybrids, and bonds on automated tape-bonded integrated circuits. The latter two uses were experimentally demonstrated in the present work.
Impossible by design? Fairness, strategy, and Arrow’s impossibility theorem (2017)

The design process often requires work by teams, rather than individuals. During team based design it is likely that situations will arise in which individual members of the team have different opinions, yet a group decision must still be made. Unfortunately, Arrow’s impossibility theorem indicates that there is no method for aggregating group preferences that will always satisfy a small number of ‘fair’ conditions. This work seeks to identify methods of combining individual preferences that can come close to satisfying Arrow’s conditions, enabling decisions that are fairer in practice. First, experiential conjoint analysis was used to obtain individual empirical utility functions for drinking mug designs. Each empirical utility function represented individual members who were part of a design team. Then, a number of functions for constructing group preference were analysed using both randomly generated preferences and empirical preferences derived from the experiential conjoint survey. The analysis involved checking each of Arrow’s conditions, as well as assessing the potential impact of strategic voting. Based on the results, methods that should be used to aggregate group preference within a design team in practice were identified and recommended.
Experimental evaluation of psychophysical distortion metrics for JPEG-encoded images (1995)

Two experiments for evaluating psychophysical distortion metrics in Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) encoded images are described. The first is a threshold experiment, in which subjects determined the bit rate or level of distortion at which distortion was just noticeable. The second is a suprathreshold experiment in which subjects ranked image blocks according to perceived distortion. The results of these experiments were used to determine the predictive value of a number of computed image distortion metrics. It was found that mean-square-error is not a good predictor of distortion thresholds or suprathreshold perceived distortion. Some simple pointwise measures were in good agreement with psychophysical data; other more computationally intensive metrics involving spatial properties of the human visual system gave mixed results. It was determined that mean intensity, which is not accounted for in the JPEG algorithm, plays a significant role in perceived distortion.
Lateral Subcutaneous Brow Lift and Interbrow Muscle Resection: Clinical Experience and Anatomic Studies (2000)

The authors report consistent improvement in 65 patients with lateral brow ptosis by using a lateral subcutaneous brow lift at the temporal hairline. In 48 of these patients, vertical glabellar wrinkles were improved by the direct excision of procerus, corrugator, and orbicularis muscles through 3-mm medial brow incisions. Anatomic dissections in 10 cadavers and examinations of 50 skulls were used to study the location of the supraorbital and supratrochlear nerves. Dissections revealed that the supratrochlear nerve was never closer than 1.6 cm to the midline at the level of the supraorbital ridge. In no dissection was a supratrochlear foramen noted. Lateral subcutaneous brow lift was consistently successful in elevating the lateral brow. In no patient was nerve damage to the supraorbital nerve noted. In most patients, the temporal hairline was improved by excising a triangle of balding scalp. Through 3-mm medial brow incisions, the interbrow musculature can be excised by using a small rongeur in an area 3.2 cm wide without risk of nerve damage, improving vertical glabellar wrinkles.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Spontaneous Formation of a Small DPPC Vesicle in Water in Atomistic Detail (2004)

Molecular dynamics simulations have been used to study the spontaneous aggregation of a concentrated solution of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) molecules in water into a small vesicle. The molecules were represented in atomistic detail. Starting from a DPPC solution in water, an oblong vesicle with a long axis of 15 nm and short axes of 10 nm was formed spontaneously. After 90 ns of simulation, the vesicle contained a number of water pores. Water pores were shown to facilitate exchange of lipids between inner and outer leaflets. Lipid tails were shown to be less ordered in the inner leaflet of the vesicle, as compared to those in the outer leaflet of the vesicle and an equilibrated lamellar bilayer.
Crosstalk Interferences on Impedance Measurements in Battery Packs * *This work has received financial support from the Dutch Ministry of Economic Affairs under the grant A green Deal in Energy Materials (ADEM) and from the Horizon 2020 programme of the European Union under the grant Integrated Components for Complexity Control in affordable electrified cars (3Ccar-662192). (2016)

In order to provide the required power and energy for e.g. automotive applications, a multitude of cells is assembled into a battery pack. For safety and control purposes it is of interest to equip every single cell with an Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurement system. However, performing EIS measurements simultaneously on each cell in a battery pack introduces crosstalk interferences in surrounding cells. This causes EIS measurements in battery packs to be inaccurate. An experimental investigation on a battery pack showed that crosstalk is a linear phenomenon which is dependent on the measurement frequency, the relative position of the cells and the inter-cell spacing. Based on the experimental results and a proposed two-coil model with inductive coupling, a transfer-function description has been developed in order to simulate the crosstalk behavior. This model can be used as a supporting tool in the development of ElS-based measurement systems in battery packs.
How can airborne transmission of COVID-19 indoors be minimised? (2020)

During the rapid rise in COVID-19 illnesses and deaths globally, and notwithstanding recommended precautions, questions are voiced about routes of transmission for this pandemic disease. Inhaling small airborne droplets is probable as a third route of infection, in addition to more widely recognized transmission via larger respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces. While uncertainties remain regarding the relative contributions of the different transmission pathways, we argue that existing evidence is sufficiently strong to warrant engineering controls targeting airborne transmission as part of an overall strategy to limit infection risk indoors. Appropriate building engineering controls include sufficient and effective ventilation, possibly enhanced by particle filtration and air disinfection, avoiding air recirculation and avoiding overcrowding. Often, such measures can be easily implemented and without much cost, but if only they are recognised as significant in contributing to infection control goals. We believe that the use of engineering controls in public buildings, including hospitals, shops, offices, schools, kindergartens, libraries, restaurants, cruise ships, elevators, conference rooms or public transport, in parallel with effective application of other controls (including isolation and quarantine, social distancing and hand hygiene), would be an additional important measure globally to reduce the likelihood of transmission and thereby protect healthcare workers, patients and the general public.
Easy mammalian expression and crystallography of maltose-binding protein-fused human proteins (2016)

We present a strategy to obtain milligrams of highly post-translationally modified eukaryotic proteins, transiently expressed in mammalian cells as rigid or cleavable fusions with a mammalianized version of bacterial maltose-binding protein (mMBP). This variant was engineered to combine mutations that enhance MBP solubility and affinity purification, as well as provide crystal-packing interactions for increased crystallizability. Using this cell type-independent approach, we could increase the expression of secreted and intracellular human proteins up to 200-fold. By molecular replacement with MBP, we readily determined five novel high-resolution structures of rigid fusions of targets that otherwise defied crystallization.
Excessive spinal glutamate transmission is involved in oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia in rats (2018)

Background: Oxaliplatin, a chemotherapy medication, causes severe peripheral neuropathy. Although oxaliplatin-induced peripheral neuropathy is a dose-limiting toxicity, a therapeutic strategy against its effects has not been established. We previously reported the involvement of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and their intracellular signalling pathway in oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia in rats. The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of spinal glutamate transmission in oxaliplatin-induced mechanical allodynia.
SYNTHESIS OF 3,6-DI-(<i>tert</i>-BUTYL)FLUORENE BY NICKEL(0) CATALYZED COUPLING OF ARYL HALIDES (1998)

(1998). SYNTHESIS OF 3,6-DI-(tert-BUTYL)FLUORENE BY NICKEL(0) CATALYZED COUPLING OF ARYL HALIDES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 222-225.
Adaptive Spammer Detection with Sparse Group Modeling (2017)

Social spammers disseminate unsolicited information on social media sites that negatively impacts social networking systems. To detect social spammers, traditional methods leverage social network structures to identify the behavioral patterns hidden in their social interactions. They focus on accounts that are affiliated with groups comprising known spammers. However, since different parties are emerging to generate various spammers, they may form different kinds of groups, and some spammers may even detach from the flock. Therefore, it is challenging for existing methods to find the optimal group structure that captures different spammers simultaneously. Employing different approaches for specific spammers is time-consuming, and it also lacks the adaptivity of dealing with emerging spammers. In this work, we aim to propose a group modeling framework that adaptively characterizes social interactions of spammers. In particular, we introduce to integrate content information into the group modeling process. The proposed framework exploits additional content information in selecting groups and individuals that are likely to be involved in spamming activities. In order to alleviate the intensive computational cost, we transform the problem as a sparse learning task that can be solved efficiently. Experimental results on real-world datasets show that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.