gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
51.1: <i>Invited Paper</i> : Bistable LCDs based on a New Alignment Technology (2006)

Abstract Several new nematic bistable liquid crystal displays based on a new alignment surface have been demonstrated. Nano‐textured alignment surfaces enable the generation of arbitrary pretilt angles and arbitrary anchoring energy. Based on such surfaces, three types of bistable devices have been developed. They are bistable bend‐splay, bistable twist‐twist and bistable bend‐twisted displays.
Synthesis and potency of long end-associative polymers for mist control (2014)

Long linear polymers that are end-functionalized with associative groups were studied as additives to hydrocarbon fluids to mitigate the fire hazard associated with the presence of mist in a crash scenario. These polymers were molecularly designed to overcome both the shear-degradation of long polymer chains in turbulent flows, and the chain collapse induced by the random placement of associative groups along polymer backbones. Architectures of associative groups on the polymer chain ends that were tested included clusters of self-associative carboxyl groups and pairs of hetero-complementary associative units. Linear polymers with clusters of discrete numbers of carboxyl groups on their chain ends were investigated first: an innovative synthetic strategy was devised to achieve unprecedented backbone lengths and precise control of the number of carboxyl groups on chain ends (N). We found that a very narrow range of N allows the co-existence of sufficient end-association strength and polymer solubility in apolar media. Subsequent steady-flow rheological study on solution behavior of such soluble polymers in apolar media revealed that the end-association of very long chains in apolar media leads to the formation of flower-like micelles interconnected by bridging chains, which trap significant fraction of polymer chains into looped structures with low contribution to mist-control. The efficacy of very long 1,4-polybutadiene chains end-functionalized with clusters of four carboxyl groups as mist-control additives for jet fuel was further tested. In addition to being shear-resistant, the polymer was found capable of providing fire-protection to jet fuel at concentrations as low as 0.3wt%. We also found that this polymer has excellent solubility in jet fuel over a wide range of temperature (-30 to +70°C) and negligible interference with dewatering of jet fuel. It does not cause an adverse increase in viscosity at concentrations where mist-control efficacy exists. Four pairs of hetero-complementary associative end-groups of varying strengths were subsequently investigated, in the hopes of achieving supramolecular aggregates with both mist-control ability and better utilization of polymer building blocks. Rheological study of solutions of the corresponding complementary associative polymer pairs in apolar media revealed the strength of complementary end-association required to achieve supramolecular aggregates capable of modulating rheological properties of the solution. Both self-associating and complementary associating polymers have therefore been found to resist shear degradation. The successful strategy of building soluble, end-associative polymers with either self-associative or complementary associative groups will guide the next generation of mist-control technology.
Recent Developments in the Chemistry and Biology of Epothilones (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies of Phosphorylation During Innate Immune Signaling using On-Chip Cell Preparation and Downstream Flow Cytometry (2007)

Fine temporal resolution is required for monitoring protein phosphorylation events key to cellular signaling pathways. With the goal of teasing apart the kinetics of phosphorylation cascades central to the human innate immune response to pathogen invasion, our group has developed a microfluidic device that integrates flow cytometry with required upstream cell preparation steps. Streamlined cell preparation and analysis allows monitoring of events with kinetic resolution on the order of minutes - not tens of minutes to hours. The planar microfluidic device contains 50mm long spiral mixers, porous polymer monoliths for selective exchange of reagents, and incubation chambers (~1000 cells per chamber) where macrophage cells (RAW264.7) are challenged with a chemical signal of Gram-negative bacteria (lipopolysaccharide) and subsequently labeled with fluorescent immunoreagents. Finally, on the same device, the labeled macrophage cells are analyzed using two-color flow cytometry. Such an integrated self-contained microfluidic platform promises to be of widespread use to host-pathogen studies in infectious disease laboratories.
A compressive beamforming method (2008)

Compressive Sensing (CS) is an emerging area which uses a relatively small number of non-traditional samples in the form of randomized projections to reconstruct sparse or compressible signals. This paper considers the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation problem with an array of sensors using CS. We show that by using random projections of the sensor data, along with a full waveform recording on one reference sensor, a sparse angle space scenario can be reconstructed, giving the number of sources and their DOA’s. The number of projections can be very small, proportional to the number sources. We provide simulations to demonstrate the performance and the advantages of our compressive beamformer algorithm.
Novel<i>TMEM67</i>mutations and genotype-phenotype correlates in meckelin-related ciliopathies (2010)

Human ciliopathies are hereditary conditions caused by defects of proteins expressed at the primary cilium. Among ciliopathies, Joubert syndrome and related disorders (JSRD), Meckel syndrome (MKS) and nephronophthisis (NPH) present clinical and genetic overlap, being allelic at several loci. One of the most interesting gene is TMEM67, encoding the transmembrane protein meckelin. We performed mutation analysis of TMEM67 in 341 probands, including 265 JSRD representative of all clinical subgroups and 76 MKS fetuses. We identified 33 distinct mutations, of which 20 were novel, in 8/10 (80%) JS with liver involvement (COACH phenotype) and 12/76 (16%) MKS fetuses. No mutations were found in other JSRD subtypes, confirming the strong association between TMEM67 mutations and liver involvement. Literature review of all published TMEM67 mutated cases was performed to delineate genotype-phenotype correlates. In particular, comparison of the types of mutations and their distribution along the gene in lethal versus non lethal phenotypes showed in MKS patients a significant enrichment of missense mutations falling in TMEM67 exons 8 to 15, especially when in combination with a truncating mutation. These exons encode for a region of unknown function in the extracellular domain of meckelin.
Selenium nanoparticles inhibit Staphylococcus aureus growth (2011)

Staphylococcus aureus is a key bacterium commonly found in numerous infections. S. aureus infections are difficult to treat due to their biofilm formation and documented antibiotic resistance. While selenium has been used for a wide range of applications including anticancer applications, the effects of selenium nanoparticles on microorganisms remain largely unknown to date. The objective of this in vitro study was thus to examine the growth of S. aureus in the presence of selenium nanoparticles. Results of this study provided the first evidence of strongly inhibited growth of S. aureus in the presence of selenium nanoparticles after 3, 4, and 5 hours at 7.8, 15.5, and 31 μg/mL. The percentage of live bacteria also decreased in the presence of selenium nanoparticles. Therefore, this study suggests that selenium nanoparticles may be used to effectively prevent and treat S. aureus infections and thus should be further studied for such applications.
SOS1 mutations in Noonan syndrome: molecular spectrum, structural insights on pathogenic effects, and genotype-phenotype correlations (2011)

Noonan syndrome (NS) is among the most common nonchromosomal disorders affecting development and growth. NS is caused by aberrant RAS-MAPK signaling and is genetically heterogeneous, which explains, in part, the marked clinical variability documented for this Mendelian trait. Recently, we and others identified SOS1 as a major gene underlying NS. Here, we explored further the spectrum of SOS1 mutations and their associated phenotypic features. Mutation scanning of the entire SOS1 coding sequence allowed the identification of 33 different variants deemed to be of pathological significance, including 16 novel missense changes and in-frame indels. Various mutation clusters destabilizing or altering orientation of regions of the protein predicted to contribute structurally to the maintenance of autoinhibition were identified. Two previously unappreciated clusters predicted to enhance SOS1's recruitment to the plasma membrane, thus promoting a spatial reorientation of domains contributing to inhibition, were also recognized. Genotype-phenotype analysis confirmed our previous observations, establishing a high frequency of ectodermal anomalies and a low prevalence of cognitive impairment and reduced growth. Finally, mutation analysis performed on cohorts of individuals with nonsyndromic pulmonic stenosis, atrial septal defects, and ventricular septal defects excluded a major contribution of germline SOS1 lesions to the isolated occurrence of these cardiac anomalies.
DETECTION OF <i>HELICOBACTER PYLORI</i> FROM FOOD SOURCES BY A NOVEL MULTIPLEX PCR ASSAY (2008)

ABSTRACT Helicobacter pylori infection is worldwide and it has been recognized as an important cause of gastritis, gastric and duodenal ulcers. However, the modes of transmission of H. pylori infection are unclear. This study was designed to detect H. pylori from raw or ready‐to‐eat foods to provide more evidence for oral‐oral and fecal‐oral transmission patterns. For this purpose, a total of 11 fresh raw chickens from a local grocery and 18 orders of ready‐to‐eat raw tuna meat from a restaurant were collected. H. pylori were detected with our new multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, which can amplify 10 DNA fragments from five gene loci at the same time. H. pylori were positive in 36% (4/11) of the raw chickens and 44% (8/18) of the ready‐to‐eat raw tuna meat tested using the new multiplex PCR assay. Our results demonstrate that food might be a vehicle for H. pylori transmission among humans. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection may be as high as 80% in developing countries and up to 40% in developed countries. However, the mode of transmission, the natural history and other aspects of the epidemiology of H. pylori infection are still unclear. There have been no reports of H. pylori being cultured and isolated from foods. In this study we designed a one‐step multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay to amplify 10 DNA fragments at the same time to detect H. pylori , which could overcome the difficulty in identifying H. pylori by using culture or other routine tests. Since this assay is so sensitive, specific and rapid, it has a great potential for identifying H. pylori , which is difficult to be cultured by using current methods, from different food samples.
Joint sonar-watermark detection using pulse compression filter (2011)

Sonar watermarking is defined by the secure embedding of a low power authentication code in selected components of a cover signal. The components to be watermarked are the selected time-frequency cells of the sonar pulse. In the past, watermark detection has been implemented as a step separate from sonar detection. From a practical standpoint, sonar detection must precede watermark detection. In this work, we present an integrated framework which brings together sonar and watermark detection in one step. The idea is that watermark detection should be attempted only after a sonar echo has been detected. For an LFM signal, a pulse compression filter is the most commonly used receiver. We propose an approach where watermark and signal detection takes place concurrently at the output of the filter. Implementation of both sonar detection and watermark detection is complicated by the fact that the sonar return time is unknown. We have incorporated a parameter estimation approach in the loop whereby sonar echo time of arrival is first estimated using a generalized likelihood function. This estimate is used in setting up a proper matched filter. Shallow water simulations are carried out and Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curves are produced to quantify watermark detection performance under different signal-to-watermark ratios.
Isolation and structure of the unusual Indian Ocean <i>Cephalodiscus</i><i>gilchristi</i> components, cephalostatins 5 and 6 (1989)

The Indian Ocean (South African) marine worm Cephalodiscusgilchristi (Hemichordata phylum) has been found to contain a series of unusual disteroidal alkaloids, designated the cephalostatins, that possess exceptionally potent lymphocytic leukemia (murine P388) cell line inhibitory activity (to ED 50 10 −9 μg/mL). Two of the less prominent members with P388 ED 50 10 −3 –10 −2 μg/mL, cephalostatins 5 (2) and 6 (3), were isolated and assigned structures based on rigorous interpretation of two-dimensional 400-MHz 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance. Keywords: cephalostatins 5 and 6, disteroidal alkaloids, lymphocytic leukemia, cytostatic, Cephalodiscusgilchristi.
Nitridization of the stacked poly-Si gate to suppress the boron penetration in pMOS (1996)

NH/sub 3/-nitridation to create nitrogen-rich layers in-between the stacked layers of the poly-Si gate for pMOS application is proposed and demonstrated. Due to the blocking of fluorine diffusion in the poly-Si gate by the nitrogen-rich layers, the amount of fluorine in the gate oxide, consequently, the fluorine enhancement on boron penetration is reduced. The negative effects of the NH/sub 3/-nitridized oxide were not found in this work. Moreover, this nitridized stacked poly-Si gate improves significantly the electrical characteristics of the gate oxide as a result of the indirect and slight nitridation at the gate oxide.
Reinforced direct bonding of optical materials by femtosecond laser welding (2012)

A process for reinforcing a direct bond between optical materials using femtosecond laser welding is presented. As a side benefit, the optical transmission properties of the joined components are shown not to be altered by the joining process. The joints exhibits higher shear breakage loads, yielding a maximum measured joint strength of 5.25 MPa for an applied load of 75 kg in fused silica. The laser sealing of direct bonds between dissimilar materials improves their resistance to thermal shocks. Direct bonds sealed by a circular weld seam can withstand thermal shocks at temperatures at least twice as great as nonreinforced direct bonds. The combination of ultrashort laser welding and direct bonding provides an innovative joining method that benefits from the advantages of both contributing physical processes.
Development of High-Performance Pathological Diagnosis Software Using a Hyperspectral Camera (2018)

Pathological diagnoses are done by skillful pathologists who trained themselves with more than two- years training. Even though their classification is accurate and useful most of the time, there exists a few controversial samples. In addition, the classification is not always true for the malignancy of tissues. In order to solve these problems, we are developing a high-performance pathological diagnosis software ANSWER by using a hyperspectral camera. Hyperspectral cameras are originally employed for remote sensing and agriculture. The spectral resolution is so high that a hyperspectral camera can tell the photosynthesis degree of plants, freshness of meats and so on. Our research revealed that this camera can distinguish the four stages of canceration of colon tissues with 95.1% accuracy rate. This paper shows the analysis method of hyperspectral data and the result. Additionally, we introduce the product design of ANSWER.
<i>N‐n</i>‐alkylnicotinium and <i>N‐n</i>‐alkylpyridinium analogs inhibit the dopamine transporter: Selectivity as nicotinic receptor antagonists (2003)

Abstract N‐n ‐Alkylnicotinium and N‐n ‐alkylpyridinium analogs act as antagonists at nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediating nicotine‐evoked [ 3 H]dopamine (DA) overflow from superfused rat striatal slices in the presence of a DA transporter (DAT) inhibitor. However, the potential interaction of these nAChR antagonists with DAT has not been evaluated. In the present study, analog inhibition of [ 3 H]DA uptake into striatal synaptosomes and inhibition of [ 3 H]GBR 12935 binding to striatal membranes was determined. N‐n ‐Alkylnicotinium analogs with n ‐alkyl chains of C 6–12 and N‐n ‐alkylpyridinium analogs with n ‐alkyl chains of C 7–20 inhibited [ 3 H]DA uptake with a wide affinity range. With the exception of the C 20 N‐n ‐alkylpyridinium, a linear relationship between chain length and inhibition of [ 3 H]DA uptake was found in both analog series. Similarly, these analogs inhibited [ 3 H]GBR 12935 binding ( K i =5.7–250 μM), and a linear relationship with chain length was observed, with the exception of the C 8 N‐n ‐alkylnicotinium analog. Kinetic analyses of inhibition of [ 3 H]DA uptake and [ 3 H]GBR 12935 binding using representative C 12 analogs from each series revealed decreases in maximal [ 3 H]DA transport velocity and maximal [ 3 H]GBR 12935 binding without alterations in affinity, indicating noncompetitive interactions with DAT. In comparison, classical nAChR antagonists (mecamylamine, dihydro‐β‐erythroidine and methyllycaconitine) did not inhibit [ 3 H]DA uptake or [ 3 H]GBR 12935 binding. Moreover, inhibition of DAT function occurred at analog concentrations 10–120‐fold higher than those inhibiting nAChR function. Taken together with the inability of these analogs to inhibit field‐stimulation‐evoked [ 3 H]DA overflow, the results indicate that these analogs act selectively as antagonists at nAChRs mediating nicotine‐evoked [ 3 H]DA overflow. Drug Dev. Res. 60:270–284, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rigid Orthogonal Bis-TEMPO Biradicals with Improved Solubility for Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2012)

The synthesis and characterization of oxidized bis-thioketal-trispiro dinitroxide biradicals that orient the nitroxides in a rigid, approximately orthogonal geometry are reported. The biradicals show better performance as polarizing agents in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR experiments as compared to biradicals lacking the constrained geometry. In addition, the biradicals display improved solubility in aqueous media due to the presence of polar sulfoxides. The results suggest that the orientation of the radicals is not dramatically affected by the oxidation state of the sulfur atoms in the biradical, and we conclude that a biradical polarizing agent containing a mixture of oxidation states can be used for improved solubility without a loss in performance.
Interleukin 10 inhibits allogeneic proliferative and cytotoxic T cell responses generated in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (1992)

The effects of IL-10 on the generation of alloreactivity in primary mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLCs) were investigated. IL-10 inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion the alloantigen-induced proliferative responses. The suppressive effect was maximal when IL-10 was added at the beginning of the cultures, suggesting that it acts on the early stages of T cell activation. The proliferative responses were enhanced in the presence of a neutralizing anti-IL-10 mAb, indicating that endogenously produced IL-10 suppresses proliferation in primary MLC. The inhibitory effects of IL-10 were observed irrespective of whether irradiated allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells, purified monocytes or freshly isolated B cells were used as stimulator cells. The proliferation of both the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets was inhibited to a similar extent. The reduced proliferative responses were only minimally restored by high concentrations of exogenous IL-2, indicating that the effects of IL-10 are not exclusively due to inhibition of IL-2 synthesis. Furthermore, the production of IL-2, interferon (IFN)-gamma, IL-6, granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in primary MLCs was diminished by IL-10 and enhanced in the presence of anti-IL-10 mAb. The strongest effects were observed on the production of IFN-gamma. Although IL-10 reduces the proliferative responses, the ratios of CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells remained the same in IL-10 treated and control cultures, yet the percentages of activated CD3+ T cells, as judged by CD25 and HLA-DR expression, were consistently reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Expression of Mangrove eEF1A Enhances Tolerance to Salt and Osmotic Stress in Escherichia coli. (2003)

To analyze the mechanisms of salt tolerance in the mangrove plant, Bruguiera sexangula, functional screening for mangrove cDNAs encoding proteins essential for salt tolerance was performed using Escherichia coli as the host organism. A transformant expressing a eukaryotic elongation factor 1A homologue (Bs-eEF1A) displayed enhanced tolerance to salt and osmotic stress. This distinct function was not conferred by other plant eEF1A homologues isolated from two halophytes (Suaeda japonica and Salsola komarovii) or Arabidopsis thaliana. Levels of Bs-eEF1A transcripts in cultured B. sexangula cells were enhanced in response to salt stress. These data suggest that Bs-eEF1A plays an important role in the salt-tolerance mechanisms of B. sexangula, in addition to its original function in elongation during translation.
Advanced digital rod position indication system for existing and next generation nuclear reactors (2009)

The designs of many existing pressurized water reactors (PWRs) incorporate a digital rod position indication (DRPI) system to monitor the positions of the control and shutdown rods within the reactor. Recently, aging and obsolescence issues have led to an increase in problems with the DRPI systems including analog card failures and coil cable connection problems. These problems, along with plans for plant life extension, have prompted the industry to actively seek new options to monitor the health and accuracy of these DRPI systems in order to ensure reliable plant operation. (author)
A synthesis flow toward fast parasitic closure for radio-frequency integrated circuits (2004)

An electrical and physical synthesis flow for high-speed analog and radio-frequency circuits is presented in this paper. Novel techniques aiming at fast parasitic closure are employed throughout the flow. Parasitic corners generated based on the earlier placement statistics are included for circuit resizing to enable parasitic robust designs. A performance-driven placement with simultaneous fast incremental global routing is proposed to achieve accurate parasitic estimation. Device tuning is utilized during layout to compensate for layout induced performance degradations. This methodology allows sophisticated macromodels of performances versus device variables and parasitics to be used during layout synthesis to make it truly performance-driven. Experimental results of a 4GHz LNA and a mixer demonstrate fast parasitic closure with this methodology.