gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active face and feature tracking (2003)

This paper describes a method for the detection and tracking of human face and facial features. Skin segmentation is learnt from samples of an image. After detecting a moving object, the corresponding area is searched for clusters of pixels with a known distribution. Since we only use the hue (color) component this process is quite insensitive to illumination changes. The face localization procedure looks for areas in the segmented area which resemble a head. Using simple heuristics, the located head is searched and its centroid is fed back to a camera motion control algorithm which tries to keep the face centered in the image using a pan-tilt camera unit. Furthermore the system is capable of tracking, in every frame, the three main features of a human face. Since precise eye location is computationally intensive, an eye and mouth locator using fast morphological and linear filters is developed. This allows for frame-by-frame checking, which reduces the probability of tracking a non-basis feature, yielding a higher success ratio. Velocity and robustness are the main advantages of this fast facial feature detector.
3D distributions resulting from neutral beam, ICRF and EC heating in an axisymmetric mirror (2016)

The CQL3D bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck (FP) code has been widely applied within the tokamak modeling community. For the reported work, it has been augmented to include axisymmetric open-field-line geometry, suitable for calculation of energetic ion and electron distributions in the low collisionality, tau_bounce << tau_collision, regime of energetic particles in mirrors. Application is made to the GDT device. Ion distributions resulting from neutral beam injected ions, in combination with quasilinear diffusion due to high harmonic fast waves are calculated. The HHFW can very efficiently enhance DD neutron production. X-mode ECH heating of electrons is modelled, giving high field first harmonic and low field second harmonic heating. The first harmonic scenario gives enhanced edge heating.
Vesicle — lamellar transition events in DDAB-water solution (2007)

Double-tailed ionic surfactants form lamellar liquid crystalline phases with water. Here, we have used cryo-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) technique to study the transition to a lamellar phase at dilute aqueous solutions of the cationic surfactant didodecyldimethylammonium (DDA) with different counterions: acetate (DDAAc), hydroxide (DDAOH), bromide (DDABr), sulphate (DDAS), as well as the anionic surfactant sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (AOT). Vesicles are observed in all the double-tailed surfactants systems at low concentrations, with their structure being concentration dependent.
Synthesis of Hydrophilic Fluorosilane Coupling Oligomers Possessing Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Activity (1997)

New fluoroalkyl end-capped oligomeric silane coupling agents were prepared by reactions of fluoroalkanoyl peroxides with trimethylvinylsilane, trimethoxyvinylsilane and acrylic acid. Fluoroalkylated co-oligomers thus obtained were found to be soluble not only in water but common organic solvents as well. The co-oligomers had a good hydrophilicity with a strong oleophobicity above the surface. They were also noted to possess a potent and selective anti-HIV-1 activity even under crosslinked conditions.
Plant-Derived Terpenoids: A Promising Tool in the Fight against Melanoma (2022)

Melanoma is responsible for the highest number of skin cancer-caused deaths worldwide. Despite the numerous melanoma-treating options, the fight against it remains challenging, mainly due to its great heterogeneity and plasticity, as well as the high toxicity of standard drugs. Plant-derived terpenoids are a group of plant defense molecules that have been proven effective in killing many different types of cancer cells, both in in vitro experiments and in vivo models. In this review, we focus on recent results in the search for plant terpenoids with anti-melanoma activity. We also report on the synergistic action of combining terpenoids with other plant-derived substances, MAP kinase inhibitors, or radiation. Additionally, we present examples of terpenoid-loaded nanoparticle carriers as anti-melanoma agents that have increased permeation through the cancer tissue.
Better Deterministic Online Packet Routing on Grids (2015)

We consider the following fundamental routing problem. An adversary inputs packets arbitrarily at sources, each packet with an arbitrary destination. Traffic is constrained by link capacities and buffer sizes, and packets may be dropped at any time. The goal of the routing algorithm is to maximize throughput, i.e., route as many packets as possible to their destination. Our main result is an O(log n)-competitive deterministic algorithm for an n-node uni-directional line network (i.e., 1-dimensional grid), requiring only that buffers can store at least 5 packets, and that links can deliver at least 5 packets per step. We note that O(log n) is the best ratio known, even for randomized algorithms, even when allowed large buffers and wide links. The best previous deterministic algorithm for this problem with constant-size buffers and constant-capacity links was O(log5 n)-competitive. Our algorithm works like admission-control algorithms in the sense that if a packet is not dropped immediately upon arrival, then it is "accepted" and guaranteed to be delivered. We also show how to extend our algorithm to a polylog-competitive algorithm for any constant-dimension uni-directional grid.
Peripheral Unresponsiveness to Human Growth Hormone in Laron Dwarfism (1980)

IN 1966 Laron and his associates described a severe form of dwarfism associated with high levels of circulating immunoreactive human growth hormone.1 Laron dwarfism is usually a familial disorder, and affected persons are generally resistant to the effects of endogenous or exogenous growth hormone.2 3 4 5 6 7 Current evidence suggests that the circulating growth hormone in Laron dwarfs is immunochemically and biochemically normal.7 8 9 Furthermore, Jacobs et al. have found that the endogenous growth hormone in affected persons binds normally in radioreceptor assays.10 It has therefore been postulated, but not demonstrated, that the syndrome of Laron dwarfism is due to end-organ unresponsiveness to growth . . .
The SeaView security model (1990)

A multilevel database is intended to provide the security needed for database systems that contain data at a variety of classifications and serve a set of users having different clearances. A formal security model for such a system is described. The model is formulated in two layers, one corresponding to a reference monitor that enforces mandatory security, and the second an extension of the standard relational model defining multilevel relations and formalizing policies for labeling new and derived data, data consistency, and discretionary security. The model also defines application-independent properties for entity integrity, referential integrity, and polyinstantiation integrity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long-Acting Human Interleukin 2 Bioconjugate Modified with Fatty Acids by Sortase A (2021)

Human Interleukin 2 (IL-2) has already achieved impressive results as a therapeutic agent for cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, one of the limitations associated with the clinical application of IL-2 is its short half-life owing to rapid clearance by the kidneys. Modification with fatty acids, as an albumin noncovalent ligand with the advantage of deep penetration into tissues and high activity-to-mass ratio, is a commonly used approach to improve the half-life of native peptides and proteins. In this investigation, we attempted to extend the half-life of IL-2 through conjugation with a fatty acid using sortase A (srtA). We initially designed and optimized three IL-2 analogues with different peptide linkers between the C-terminus of IL-2 and srtA recognition sequence (LPETG). Among these, analogue A3 was validated as the optimal IL-2 analogue for further modification. Next, six fatty acid moieties with the same fatty acid and different hydrophilic spacers were conjugated to A3 through srtA. The six bioconjugates generated were screened for <i>in vitro</i> biological activity, among which bioconjugate B6 was identified as near-optimal to IL-2. Additionally, B6 could effectively bind albumin through the conjugated fatty acid, which contributed to a significant improvement in its pharmacokinetic properties <i>in vivo</i>. In summary, we have developed a novel IL-2 bioconjugate, B6, modified with fatty acids using srtA, which may effectively serve as a new-generation long-acting IL-2 immunotherapeutic agent.
A Comparison of Modified Elevated Temperature HFRR Test Data With Scuffing BOCLE Results (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Evolving diesel engine design trends are expected to include fuel systems operating at significantly higher pressures and temperatures than in the past. Accordingly, meaningful laboratory tests are needed to help guide this development. Two candidate test methods were evaluated in this exploratory study. Scuffing Load Ball-on Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE) and Modified High-Frequency Reciprocating Rig (HFRR) test results covering a range of operating temperatures were compared with fuel property data. Correlations of the Modified HFRR test data with BOCLE results were also made.</div>
Molecular modeling of binary liquid‐phase adsorption of aromatics in silicalite (2004)

Abstract Adsorption in the zeolite silicalite from binary liquid mixtures of p‐xylene, m‐xylene, and toluene was investigated using grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations. The results obtained agree well with experimental excess adsorption isotherms from the literature. The agreement is very good when the zeolite is modeled using the PARA form of the silicalite structure, but the results obtained with the native ORTHO structure are in some cases even qualitatively wrong. This supports the previous suggestion that the structure of silicalite undergoes a transition from ORTHO to PARA upon adsorption of aromatic molecules. Molecular‐level details of the energetics and siting within the zeolite provide insights into the macroscopic behavior. The simulated single‐component and binary results were used to test ideal adsorbed solution theory for these systems. © 2004 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 50: 463–469, 2004
Design and implementation of a conversational agent to stimulate teacher-students interactions in synchronous on-line lecture environments (2021)

Recently, many universities and schools have switched to online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Distance learning could limit social interaction between teachers and peer-learners. As this may demotivate learners in the long term, better social engagement providing solutions such as Virtual Reality (VR) can be used for teaching and learning. In the field of technology-enhanced learning, research has indicated that using conversational agents to engage learners in one-to-one (student-agent) tutorial dialogues can improve students' comprehension and foster students' engagement and motivation. Such agents try to simulate the behavior of a human instructor or tutor and engage in a discussion with a learner on a series of predefined topics. Research in the field of Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning has revealed that unsolicited conversational agent interventions can intensify the knowledge exchange among learning partners and increase students' explicit reasoning and participation levels. In this thesis, it was designed a virtual conversational agent (VCA) intended to act as a classmate to stimulate teacher-student interactions in an on-line learning environment during a synchronous lecture. The VCA was experimented in a controlled lecturing scenario. It was implemented to be plugged into Mozilla Hubs, which provides the virtual classroom in which a real teacher teaches to a real student and his/her virtual and active classmate (a Solar System lecture was used). The VCA exploits DialogFlow to interpret the meaning of conversations and interacts appropriately to increase the level of interaction and engagement during the lesson. Experiments were designed to evaluate the potential of conversational agents and co-learning with a virtual classmate (agent) to increase engagement, commitment and enjoyment of learning in VR.
Human Mendelian pain disorders: a key to discovery and validation of novel analgesics (2012)

We have utilized a novel application of human genetics, illuminating the important role that rare genetic disorders can play in the development of novel drugs that may be of relevance for the treatment of both rare and common diseases. By studying a very rare Mendelian disorder of absent pain perception, congenital indifference to pain, we have defined Nav1.7 (endocded by SCN9A) as a critical and novel target for analgesic development. Strong human validation has emerged with SCN9A gain-of-function mutations causing inherited erythromelalgia (IEM) and paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, both Mendelian disorder of spontaneous or easily evoked pain. Furthermore, variations in the Nav1.7 channel also modulate pain perception in healthy subjects as well as in painful conditions such as osteoarthritis and Parkinson disease. On the basis of this, we have developed a novel compound (XEN402) that exhibits potent, voltage-dependent block of Nav1.7. In a small pilot study, we showed that XEN402 blocks Nav1.7 mediated pain associated with IEM thereby demonstrating the use of rare genetic disorders with mutant target channels as a novel approach to rapid proof-of-concept. Our approach underscores the critical role that human genetics can play by illuminating novel and critical pathways pertinent for drug discovery.
Shrinking the LC Landscape (2003)

More than a decade ago, chip-based technology made its debut. Now, researchers are waiting to see its impact on the LC market.
Acute/relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: Induction of long lasting, antigen-specific tolerance by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (1999)

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an inducible autoimmune disease widely used as a model of the acute/relapsing stage of multiple sclerosis. We have previously shown that treatment of EAE-mice with high doses of cyclophosphamide (CY) (350 mg kg), followed by syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (SBMT), completely abrogates the clinical paralytic signs and even prevents the appearance of new relapses in the chronic-relapsing model of the disease. In the present study we examined whether this treatment protocol induces long term tolerance and whether this tolerance is antigen-specific. EAE was induced by immunization with spinal cord homogenate (MSCH) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). The treatment with CY and SBMT was performed on day 6 post immunization. Treated and untreated mice were rechallenged with MSCH, or a non-relevant antigen (OVA) in CFA at various stages after the first paralytic attack. In contrast to previous data showing that animals recovering from acute EAE are usually refractory to re-induction of the disease, repeated injections of MSCH at different sites from the initial immunization, followed by i.v. injection of inactivated Bordetella bacteria, 2, 4 and 6 months after the initial EAE-induction, caused a severe and usually lethal relapse in all the untreated, control animals. Mice treated with CY and SBMT were resistant to all rechallenges with the same encephalitogenic inoculum. Following the second rechallenge, peripheral lymph node cells were examined in vitro for their proliferative responses to myelin antigens or to OVA. Lymphocytes obtained from CY+SBMT treated mice did not proliferate in vitro in response to myelin basic protein (MBP), but proliferated against OVA, when immunized with this antigen, after SBMT. Adoptive transfer of lymphocytes from tolerant mice to naive recipients did not transfer resistance to EAE-induction. Our results indicate that high doses of CY, followed by SBMT, induce long term antigen-specific tolerance presumably by a mechanism of clonal deletion or anergy.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY OF MAGNETIC LEVITATION AS A SUSPENSION SYSTEM FOR HIGH-SPEED GROUND TRANSPORTATION VEHICLES (1972)

The report examines the technical feasibility of magnetic levitation as a suspension system for high-speed ground transportation vehicles in the 300 mph cruise speed range. Of the various magnetic suspensions which have been proposed one appears to provide all the desired features of good ride quality, moderate guideway tolerance, basic stability, and moderate drag forces. This is high clearance (about 10 inch vehicle-track clearance) suspension using superconducting magnets in the vehicle and a conducting, nonmagnetic, continuous guideway. If a high tolerance track can be successfully laid and maintained, then a low clearance suspension using magnetic attraction forces such as being developed in Germany becomes a strong contender. Analyses of ride quality show the importance of a high clearance suspension in smoothing track irregularities without allowing the vehicle to come into contact with the Track. Methods for increasing passive damping are explored, and a preliminary design for a vehicle magnet using a superconducting coil is given.
Extravascular coagulation and fibrin deposition in acute lung injury. (1994)

Extravascular fibrin deposition is characteristic of the acute inflammatory response and is, for example, prominent in the alveolar compartment of patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome. Fibrin deposition in the injured lung is regulated by a balance of locally expressed pathways of coagulation and fibrin clearance, called fibrinolysis. These pathways comprise part of the interactive network of responses that influence local inflammatory cell traffic, microvascular permeability, and repair mechanisms. In this sense, fibrin turnover in the lung extends beyond traditional hemostasis and may influence the acute inflammatory response and resolution. Within the injured alveolar compartment, fibrin deposition is initiated by increased activity of the extrinsic coagulation pathway-tissue factor associated with factor VII. Activation of the contact and intrinsic coagulation pathways also occurs. Local fibrinolysis is generally impaired, which may potentiate extravascular fibrin deposition. Fibrin turnover in the adult mammalian lung is similarly disrupted in several forms of injury but differs from the injury that occurs in the lungs of premature infants with respiratory distress.
Biomass Distribution in Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Transformed with rol-genes of Agrobacterium rhizogenes (2009)

Kalanchoe blossfeldiana transformed with Agrobacterium rhizogenes exhibited marked alterations in morphology and biomass distribution. Plants termed root-inducing (Ri) lines were regenerated from hairy roots produced by inoculating leaf explants with Agrobacterium rhizogenes wild-type strain ATCC15834. Six Ri lines were characterized in a greenhouse trial and all Ri lines had reduced dry weights of main shoot, lateral shoots, leaves, and flowers compared with control plants. The reduction in dry weights of these organs correlated with reduced plant height, shoot length, leaf area, and number of flowers per plant. Furthermore, an altered distribution of dry matter was evident in the Ri plants, where the greater part of dry matter was allocated into leaves and secondly into flowers, whereas the majority of dry matter in control plants was allocated into flowers and secondly into leaves. Furthermore, a higher percentage of dry matter was allocated into the main shoot of the Ri lines in comparison with that of control plants. Increased dry matter in leaves and in the main shoot in the Ri lines appeared to be at the expense of dry matter allocated into flowers. Moreover, an increased number of vegetative lateral shoots was recorded in the Ri lines, whereas the number of reproductive lateral shoots was decreased. Possible mechanisms behind the altered resource distribution are discussed.
Molecular hydrogen as a preventive and therapeutic medical gas: initiation, development and potential of hydrogen medicine (2014)

Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been accepted to be an inert and nonfunctional molecule in our body. We have turned this concept by demonstrating that H2 reacts with strong oxidants such as hydroxyl radical in cells, and proposed its potential for preventive and therapeutic applications. H2 has a number of advantages exhibiting extensive effects: H2 rapidly diffuses into tissues and cells, and it is mild enough neither to disturb metabolic redox reactions nor to affect signaling reactive oxygen species; therefore, there should be no or little adverse effects of H2. There are several methods to ingest or consume H2; inhaling H2 gas, drinking H2-dissolved water (H2-water), injecting H2-dissolved saline (H2-saline), taking an H2 bath, or dropping H2-saline into the eyes. The numerous publications on its biological and medical benefits revealed that H2 reduces oxidative stress not only by direct reactions with strong oxidants, but also indirectly by regulating various gene expressions. Moreover, by regulating the gene expressions, H2 functions as an anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic, and stimulates energy metabolism. In addition to growing evidence obtained by model animal experiments, extensive clinical examinations were performed or are under investigation. Since most drugs specifically act to their targets, H2 seems to differ from conventional pharmaceutical drugs. Owing to its great efficacy and lack of adverse effects, H2 has promising potential for clinical use against many diseases.
Deep Learning-Based Traffic Safety Solution for a Mixture of Autonomous and Manual Vehicles in a 5G-Enabled Intelligent Transportation System (2020)

It is expected that a mixture of autonomous and manual vehicles will persist as a part of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) for many decades. Thus, addressing the safety issues arising from this mix of autonomous and manual vehicles before autonomous vehicles are entirely popularized is crucial. As the ITS system has increased in complexity, autonomous vehicles exhibit problems such as a low intention recognition rate and poor real-time performance when predicting the driving direction; these problems seriously affect the safety and comfort of mixed traffic systems. Therefore, the ability of autonomous vehicles to predict the driving direction in real time according to the surrounding traffic environment must be improved and researchers must work to create a more mature ITS. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based traffic safety solution for a mixture of autonomous and manual vehicles in a 5G-enabled ITS. In this scheme, a driving trajectory dataset and a natural-driving dataset are employed as the network inputs to long-term memory networks in the 5G-enabled ITS: the probability matrix of each intention is calculated by the softmax function. Then, the final intention probability is obtained by fusing the mean rule in the decision layer. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves intention recognition rates of 91.58% and 90.88% for left and right lane changes, respectively, effectively improving both accuracy and real-time intention recognition and improving the lane change problem in a mixed traffic environment.