gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Iscom, a delivery system for parenteral and mucosal vaccination. (1998)

The iscom is a supramolecular spherical structure, about 40nm in diameter, built up by structure-forming and immunomodulating quillaja triterpenoids, lipids and antigens. Iscoms with a defined quillaja triterpenoid formulation named QH 703 are in human trials. The advantages of using the particulate iscom form of quillaja components are (i) that local reactions at the site of injection can be avoided; a manifold higher dose of quillaja components in iscoms than in free form can be injected without causing side effects; (ii) considerably lower doses of both quillaja components and antigens are required to obtain a certain level of immune response. The iscom particle targets the antigen and adjuvant components to both the endosomal and cytosolic pathways for antigen presentation, resulting in both MHC class I and class II restricted immune responses. Further, iscoms induce APC to produce IL-1, IL-6 and IL-12 and a TH1 type of response with enhanced IL-2 and IFN-gamma production. Iscoms are now constructed to target the mucosal lymphatic systems. Iscoms administered intranasally induce secretory IgA responses in lungs and distant mucosal membranes e.g. in the genital tract.
Phosphosugars are potent inhibitors of central nervous system inflammation <sup>1</sup> (1989)

Adoptively transferred allergic encephalomyelitis can be inhibited by various phosphosugars, particularly mannose-6-phosphate. The sugar specificity suggests that inhibition may be due to depletion of lymphocyte cell-surface lysosomal enzymes, which are essential for the passage of lymphocytes across the vascular endothelium and the entry of lymphocytes into the central nervous system parenchyma.
Smart and Fast Blood Counting of Trace Volumes of Body Fluids from Various Mammalian Species Using a Compact, Custom-Built Microscope Cytometer (2015)

We report an accurate method to count red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells, as well as to determine hemoglobin in the blood of humans, horses, dogs, cats, and cows. Red and white blood cell counts can also be performed on human body fluids such as cerebrospinal fluid, synovial fluid, and peritoneal fluid. The approach consists of using a compact, custom-built microscope to record large field-of-view, bright-field, and fluorescence images of samples that are stained with a single dye and using automatic algorithms to count blood cells and detect hemoglobin. The total process takes about 15 min, including 5 min for sample preparation, and 10 min for data collection and analysis. The minimum volume of blood needed for the test is 0.5 μL, which allows for minimally invasive sample collection such as using a finger prick rather than a venous draw. Blood counts were compared to gold-standard automated clinical instruments, with excellent agreement between the two methods as determined by a Bland-Altman analysis. Accuracy of counts on body fluids was consistent with hand counting by a trained clinical lab scientist, where our instrument demonstrated an approximately 100-fold lower limit of detection compared to current automated methods. The combination of a compact, custom-built instrument, simple sample collection and preparation, and automated analysis demonstrates that this approach could benefit global health through use in low-resource settings where central hematology laboratories are not accessible.
Hypolipidemic activity of some derivatives of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran. (1984)

This paper describes the synthesis of 6-carboxy derivatives of 6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran. These compounds are among the most rigid structures related to clofibrate ever synthesized, which means they have very few possible conformations of relative stability compared with the many for clofibrate. Compound 6H-2-chloro-6-methyl-dibenzo[b,d]pyran-6-carboxylic acid 3g showed very high hypolipidemic activity being 12 times more potent than clofibrate in reducing plasma cholesterol concentration in the hypercholesterolemic rat and 11 times more potent in reducing plasma triglyceride concentration in the normolipemic rat.
Single strand targeted triplex-formation. Destabilization of guanine quadruplex structures by foldback triplex-forming oligonucleotides (1995)

Oligonucleotides that can hybridize to single-stranded complementary polypurine nucleic acid targets by Watson-Crick base pairing as well as by Hoogsteen base pairing, referred to here as foldback triplex-forming oligonucleotides (FTFOs), have been designed. These oligonucleotides hybridize with target nucleic acid sequences with greater affinity than antisense oligonucleotides, which hybridize to the target sequence only by Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding [Kandimalla, E. R. and Agrawal, S. Gene(1994) 149, 115-121 and references cited therein]. FTFOs have been studied for their ability to destabilize quadruplexes formation by RNA or DNA target sequences. The influence of various DNA/RNA compositions of FTFOs on their ability to destabilize RNA and DNA quadruplexes has been examined. The ability of the FTFOs to destabilize quadruplex structures is related to the structurally and thermodynamically stable foldback triplex formed between the FTFO and its target sequence. Antisense oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) that can form only a Watson-Crick double helix with the target sequence are unable to destabilize quadruplex structures of RNA and DNA target sequences and are therefore limited in their repertoire of target sequences. The quadruplex destabilization ability of FTFOs is dependent on the nature of the cation present in solution. The RNA quadruplex destabilization ability of FTFOs is -20% higher in the presence of sodium ion than potassium ion. The use of FTFOs, which can destabilize quadruplex structure, opens up new areas for development of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics, specifically, targeting guanine-rich sequences that exist at the ends of pro- and eukaryotic chromosomes and dimerization regions of retroviral RNA.
EGF, EGF receptor, basic FGF, TGF beta-1, and IL-1 alpha mRNA in human corneal epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts. (1992)

We sought to determine whether human corneal epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts synthesize messenger RNAs (mRNA) coding for epidermal growth factor (EGF), EGF receptor, basic fibroblast growth factor (basic FGF), transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha). Total cellular RNA was extracted from cultured stromal fibroblasts and ex vivo and cultured corneal epithelial cells. Oligo dt-primed complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesized from each RNA sample. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify sequences for EGF, EGF receptor, basic FGF, TGF-beta 1, IL-1 alpha, and beta actin from cDNA samples from each cell type. Southern blots of the PCR products were probed with oligonucleotides complementary to internal sequences within each of the amplified products. The amplification products were shown to be specific. For each modulator, the amplification product of the expected size was identified with at least one specific, alternative amplification product. The alternative splicing products suggest that there may be alternative mRNA splicing for each of the modulators studied. Differences were noted in the IL-1 alpha specific amplification products in stromal fibroblasts compared to corneal epithelial cells. EGF and EGF receptor mRNA production in human corneal epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts suggest an autocrine role for EGF in the physiology of each of these cell types.
Early antibody response against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis antigens in subclinical cattle (2008)

Collectively these results demonstrate that M. paratuberculosis proteins are detected by sera from experimentally infected cattle as early as 70 days after exposure. These data further suggest at least two antigens may be useful in the early diagnosis of M. paratuberculosis infections. Finally, the construction and use of a protein array in this pilot study has led to a novel approach for discovery of M. paratuberculosis antigens.
Neuronal tuning in a brain-machine interface during Reinforcement Learning (2008)

In this research, we have used neural tuning to quantify the neural representation of prosthetic arm's actions in a new framework of BMI, which is based on Reinforcement Learning (RLBMI). We observed that through closed-loop brain control, the neural representation has changed to encode robot actions that maximize rewards. This is an interesting result because in our paradigm robot actions are directly controlled by a Computer Agent (CA) with reward states compatible with the user's rewards. Through co-adaptation, neural modulation is used to establish the value of robot actions to achieve reward.
Detecting race conditions in large programs (2001)

The race condition checker \rcc{} statically identifies potential races in concurrent Java programs. This paper describes improvements to \rcc{} that enable it to be used on large, realistic programs. These improvements include not only extensions to the underlying analysis, but also an annotation inference algorithm and a user interface to help programmers understand warnings generated by the tool. Experience with programs containing up to 500,000 lines of code indicate that it is an effective tool for identifying races in large-scale software systems.
Monitoring the initial DNS behavior of malicious domains (2011)

Attackers often use URLs to advertise scams or propagate malware. Because the reputation of a domain can be used to identify malicious behavior, miscreants often register these domains "just in time" before an attack. This paper explores the DNS behavior of attack domains, as identified by appearance in a spam trap, shortly after the domains were registered. We explore the behavioral properties of these domains from two perspectives: (1) the DNS infrastructure associated with the domain, as is observable from the resource records; and (2) the DNS lookup patterns from networks who are looking up the domains initially. Our analysis yields many findings that may ultimately be useful for early detection of malicious domains. By monitoring the infrastructure for these malicious domains, we find that about 55% of scam domains occur in attacks at least one day after registration, suggesting the potential for early discovery of malicious domains, solely based on properties of the DNS infrastructure that resolves those domains. We also find that there are a few regions of IP address space that host name servers and other types of servers for only malicious domains. Malicious domains have resource records that are distributed more widely across IP address space, and they are more quickly looked up by a variety of different networks. We also identify a set of "tainted" ASes that are used heavily by bad domains to host resource records. The features we observe are often evident before any attack even takes place; ultimately, they might serve as the basis for a DNS-based early warning system for attacks.
Nitroxide‐Mediated Controlled Free‐Radical Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene and <i>n</i>‐Butyl Acrylate with a Water‐Soluble Alkoxyamine as Initiator (2004)

Latex: Nitroxide-mediated emulsion polymerizations of n-butyl acrylate and styrene were successfully carried out in a multistep process, with a novel water-soluble SG1-based alkoxyamine as initiator. Fast reactions lead to stable latex particles containing polymers with controlled molar masses. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460704_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Photoresist Removal Using Low Molecular Weight Alcohols (2000)

A novel method to remove photoresist using low molecular weight alcohols (e.g., isopropanol) is described. This process produces a dry surface in a single step; no additional rinsing or drying is required. Results of atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis show no appreciable change in microroughness of aluminum, silicon, or silicon dioxide surfaces upon alcohol treatment. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of post isopropanol‐treated surfaces indicates that organic contamination levels as measured by XPS are similar to those resulting from RCA cleans. Low dose ion implanted photoresist can be removed at room temperature (27°C). Pressures in the range of 60 to 100 psi and temperatures between 50 and 100°C are required to remove photoresist implanted with . The likely photoresist removal mechanism appears to be dissolution of the polymer matrix by the alcohols. Contact angle measurements suggest that the photoresist has been removed, although a residual adhesive layer applied prior to photoresist spin coating may remain on the surface. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The clinical transferability of Raman micro-spectroscopic systems for cervical cytopathology (2023)

The clinical potential for Raman microscopic systems is well established for early diagnosis via cytology. Although Raman systems offer a complementary diagnostic tool providing molecular information, it is not yet utilised substantially in clinics. A few challenges for the clinical implementation of Raman spectroscopy are system and user variability. In this study, we asked how much variability occurs due to different Raman systems or users. To address these questions, we measured the same set of cells using two different Raman microscopes and by two different users. And classification models were generated using multivariate partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and analysed for clinical implementation. Raman spectra were measured from single exfoliated cells (<i>n=400</i>) from ThinPrep samples with negative cytology (<i>n=10</i>) and high-grade cytology (<i>n=10</i>). Raman spectra were acquired from the same set of cells via two identical HORIBA Jobin Yvon XploRA<sup>TM</sup> systems (Villeneuve d'Ascq, France), as well as two different users. The Raman data was subjected to PLS-DA and cross-validated via leave-one-patient out. The study's findings suggest that the data acquired from the two Raman systems are 99% identical. However, the observed classification accuracy for the data obtained by user-one was 92%, whereas by user-two was 99%.
Adhesion Between Rubber Compound and Copper-Film-Plated Steel Cord (1999)

Abstract Four copper-film-plated steel cords (abbreviated hereafter as copper-plated cord) with different thickness of copper film from 32 to 90 nm were prepared and their adhesion properties with rubber compound were investigated. Adhesion properties improved with the decrease in the thickness of the copper film. Unaged pull-out force and rubber coverage of copper-plated cords were inferior to those of brass-plated cord, but adhesion degradation was significantly slower on copper-plated cords resulting in better adhesion after humidity aging of 15 days and salt solution aging of 5 days. The excellent adhesion stability of copper-plated cords can be explained by the suppression of the excessive growth of copper sulfide and the inhibition of dezincification due to the small amount of copper plating and the lack of metallic zinc at the outer surface.
User Identification Across Social Media (2015)

People use various social media sites for different purposes. The information on each site is often partial. When sources of complementary information are integrated, a better profile of a user can be built. This profile can help improve online services such as advertising across sites. To integrate these sources of information, it is necessary to identify individuals across social media sites. This paper aims to address the cross-media user identification problem. We provide evidence on the existence of a mapping among identities of individuals across social media sites, study the feasibility of finding this mapping, and illustrate and develop means for finding this mapping. Our studies show that effective approaches that exploit information redundancies due to users’ unique behavioral patterns can be utilized to find such a mapping. This study paves the way for analysis and mining across social networking sites, and facilitates the creation of novel online services across sites. In particular, recommending friends and advertising across networks, analyzing information diffusion across sites, and studying specific user behavior such as user migration across sites in social media are one of the many areas that can benefit from the results of this study.
Electronically tunable, 155-μm erbium-doped fiber laser (1990)

An erbium-doped, silica-based fiber laser was electronically tuned over two ranges from 1529.6 to 1533.3 nm and from 1543.8 to 1563.0 nm with more than 13 mW of maximum power. The tuning element was an intracavity acousto-optic modulator (Bragg cell) configured to feed back the first-order, frequency-shifted deflected beam. The maximum optical/acoustic tuning coefficient was -15 nm/MHz.
Synthesis of Fluorescent Analogs of α-Conotoxin MII (2006)

Alpha-conotoxins (alpha-CTxs) are small peptides that are competitive inhibitors of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and have been used to study the kinetics of nAChRs. Alpha-CTx MII, from the venom of Conus magus, has been shown to potently block both rat alpha3beta2 and rat chimeric alpha6/alpha3beta2beta3 cloned nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Tetramethylrhodamine (TMR), Bodipy FL, Alexa Fluor 488, and terbium chelates (TbCh) are fluorescent molecules that can be reacted with the N-terminus of the conopeptide to produce fluorescent conjugates. TMR and Bodipy FL were individually conjugated to alpha-CTx MII using different succinimidyl ester amine labeling reactions resulting in the formation of carboxamide conjugates. Alexa Fluor 488 succinimidyl ester conjugation reaction yielded low amounts of conjugate. TbCh was also individually reacted with the N-terminus of MII using the isothiocyanate conjugation reaction resulting in the formation of a thiourea conjugate. The conjugates were purified using reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and their masses verified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF MS). When tested on target nAChRs expressed in Xenopus oocytes, TMR-MII, Bodipy FL-MII, and TbCh-MII potently blocked the response to acetylcholine with slow off-rate kinetics. These fluorescent conjugates can be used to localize specific subtypes of neuronal nAChRs or ligand-binding sites within receptors in various tissue preparations; additionally, they may also be used to study conformational changes in receptors using fluorescence or lanthanide-based resonance energy transfer.
Solid-state ring laser gyro for aerospace applications (2017)

We report on the development of a prototype solidstate ring laser gyro based on a diode-pumped neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal as the gain medium. We describe in this paper how we circumvent mode competition between the counter-propagating modes using a feedback loop acting on the differential losses. We then show how the non-linear frequency response can be significantly improved by vibrating the gain medium along the laser axis, leading to a behavior similar as a typical Helium-Neon ring laser gyro. We finally discuss the undergoing improvements for achieving high inertial performance with this device, with significant potential benefits in terms of cost and robustness as compared to other highperformance gyro technologies.
Comparative Approach to Define Increased Regulatory T Cells in Different Cancer Subtypes by Combined Assessment of CD127 and FOXP3 (2011)

In recent years an increase of functional CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (T(reg) cells) has been established for patients with solid tumors, acute leukemias, and lymphomas. We have reported an expanded pool of CD4(+)CD25(high) T(reg) cells in patients with chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL), multiple myeloma (MM) as well as its premalignant precursor monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). In healthy individuals, low-level expression of CD127 on T cells in addition to the expression of FOXP3 has been associated with T(reg) cells. Here, we demonstrate that the expanded FOXP3(+) T-cell population in patients with colorectal cancer, CLL, MGUS, MM, follicular lymphoma, and Hodgkin's disease are exclusively CD127(low) T(reg) cells and were strongly suppressive. A significant portion of CD127(low)FOXP3(+) T(reg) cells expressed only low levels of CD25 suggesting that the previously reported expansion of CD25(+) T(reg) cells underestimates the true expansion. The assessment of CCR7 and CD45RA expression on the expanded CD4(+)CD127(low)FOXP3(+) T(reg) cells revealed an increase of both naïve as well as central and effector memory T(reg) cells in peripheral blood. Our data strongly support superiority of combined CD127 and FOXP3 analysis in comparison to CD25 and FOXP3 assessment for further quantification of T(reg) cells in malignant diseases.
Novel drug design for Chagas disease via targeting Trypanosoma cruzi tubulin: Homology modeling and binding pocket prediction on Trypanosoma cruzi tubulin polymerization inhibition by naphthoquinone derivatives (2016)

Chagas disease, also called American trypanosomiasis, is a parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi). Recent findings have underscored the abundance of the causative organism, (T. cruzi), especially in the southern tier states of the US and the risk burden for the rural farming communities there. Due to a lack of safe and effective drugs, there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic options for treating Chagas disease. We report here our first scientific effort to pursue a novel drug design for treating Chagas disease via the targeting of T. cruzi tubulin. First, the anti T. cruzi tubulin activities of five naphthoquinone derivatives were determined and correlated to their anti-trypanosomal activities. The correlation between the ligand activities against the T. cruzi organism and their tubulin inhibitory activities was very strong with a Pearson's r value of 0.88 (P value <0.05), indicating that this class of compounds could inhibit the activity of the trypanosome organism via T. cruzi tubulin polymerization inhibition. Subsequent molecular modeling studies were carried out to understand the mechanisms of the anti-tubulin activities, wherein, the homology model of T. cruzi tubulin dimer was generated and the putative binding site of naphthoquinone derivatives was predicted. The correlation coefficient for ligand anti-tubulin activities and their binding energies at the putative pocket was found to be r=0.79, a high correlation efficiency that was not replicated in contiguous candidate pockets. The homology model of T. cruzi tubulin and the identification of its putative binding site lay a solid ground for further structure based drug design, including molecular docking and pharmacophore analysis. This study presents a new opportunity for designing potent and selective drugs for Chagas disease.
Phosphorus‐containing imide resins. III (1983)

Abstract Three imide monomers were prepared by reacting maleic anhydride; 2,2‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane dianhydride, bis( m ‐aminophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide, and tris( m ‐aminophenyl) methyl phosphine oxide, and tris ( m ‐aminophenyl) phosphine oxide. The characterization was done by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy (IR). These monomers were soluble in acetone. Their thermal polymerization was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The temperature of the exothermic peak position was influenced by the presence of free amino group in the monomer and was about 50°C higher in monomers that did not contain amino group. Anaerobic char yield of imide monomers cured at 270 ± 2°C for 30 min ranged from 58 to 64%. Graphite cloth laminate fabricated from one of these resins had a limiting oxygen index of 100.