gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aldol Addition of Butyraldehyde over Solid Base Catalysts (1989)

Abstract Aldol addition of butyraldehyde was investigated on alkaline earth oxides, zirconium oxide, and lanthanum oxide to compare the active site and mechanism with those for aldol addition of acetone. It is found that the active site is the surface O2− and the rate-determining step is α-H abstraction.
5G Non-Public Networks: Standardization, Architectures and Challenges (2021)

Fifth Generation (5G) is here to accelerate the digitization of economies and society, and open up innovation opportunities for verticals. A myriad of 5G-enabled use cases has been identified across disparate sectors like tourism, retail industry, and manufacturing. Many of the networks of these use cases are expected to be private networks, that is, networks intended for the exclusive use of an enterprise customer. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects in private 5G networks. We first identify the key requirements and enabling solutions for private 5G networks. Then, we Overview the latest 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 16 capabilities to support private 5G networks. Next, we provide architecture proposals for single site private networks, including the scenario in which the radio access network (RAN) is shared. Afterwards, we address mobility and multi-site private network scenarios. Finally, we provide a summary of the key challenges for private 5G networks.
Galvanostatic Intermittent Titration and Performance Based Analysis of LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Cathode (2017)

Galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) - a popular method for characterizing kinetic and transport properties of battery electrodes - is predicated on the proper evaluation of electrode active area. LiNi<sub>0.5044</sub>Co<sub>0.1986</sub>Mn<sub>0.2970</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NCM523) material exhibits a complex morphology in which sub-micron primary particles aggregate to form secondary particle agglomerates. Our work proposes a new active area formulation for primary/secondary particle agglomerate materials to better mimic the morphology of NCM532 electrodes. Furthermore, this formulation is then coupled with macro-homogeneous models to simulate GITT and half-cell performance of NCM523 electrodes. Subsequently, the model results are compared against the experimental results to refine the area formulation. A single parameter, the surface roughness factor, is proposed to mimic the change in interfacial area, diffusivity and exchange current density simultaneously and detailed modeling results are presented to provide valuable insights into the efficacy of the formulation.
Antitumor activity of acriflavine in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells. (2014)

Patients suffering from advanced hepatocellular carcinoma can generally be treated only by targeted therapy to achieve a survival rate that lasts a few months more than that achieved with conventional therapy. To develop better drugs against hepatocellular carcinoma, we screened a variety of compounds and treated four human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines with different drug concentrations. We then examined cell viability using the MTT assay. Results show that a new candidate drug, acriflavine (ACF), suppresses the viability of HCC cell lines in a dose-dependent manner. Flow cytometry analysis reveals that ACF significantly induces the accumulation of a Sub-G1 population of Mahlavu cells. Moreover, ACF decreases Bcl-2 expression and caspase-3 activation. The content of cleaved poly-(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is significantly increased. These findings suggest that ACF suppresses HCC cell growth through the caspase-3 activation pathway. Compared to clinically-approved drugs, the IC50 of ACF (1 μM) is nearly ten-fold lower than that of sorafenib (13 μM). In the in vivo test, nude mice received Mahlavu cell xenografts subcutaneously and were randomly assigned into two groups: control and experimental groups. Treatment was initiated 3 days after implantation and intraperitoneal injection of 0.9 % normal saline or 2 mg/Kg of ACF was continued daily for five weeks. Tumors were palpable in vehicle-treated mice by day 3 and grew to approximately 2000 mm3 by the end of the experiment, whereas mice treated with ACF experience tumor growth to approximately 500 mm3. We, thus, suggest that ACF can inhibit cell growth in HCC cells. Our results may assist the delineation of the mechanism(s) leading to HCC cell growth inhibition and provide a new target therapy capable to prolong the survival rate of patients in advanced stage.
Naturally Occurring Antibodies That Recognize Linear Epitopes in the Amino Terminus of the Hepatitis C Virus E2 Protein Confer Noninterfering, Additive Neutralization (2011)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can persist even in the presence of a broadly neutralizing antibody response. Various mechanisms that underpin viral persistence have been proposed, and one of the most recently proposed mechanisms is the presence of interfering antibodies that negate neutralizing responses. Specifically, it has been proposed that antibodies targeting broadly neutralizing epitopes located within a region of E2 encompassing residues 412 to 423 can be inhibited by nonneutralizing antibodies binding to a less conserved region encompassing residues 434 to 446. To investigate this phenomenon, we characterized the neutralizing and inhibitory effects of human-derived affinity-purified immunoglobulin fractions and murine monoclonal antibodies and show that antibodies to both regions neutralize HCV pseudoparticle (HCVpp) and cell culture-infectious virus (HCVcc) infection albeit with different breadths and potencies. Epitope mapping revealed the presence of overlapping but distinct epitopes in both regions, which may explain the observed differences in neutralizing phenotypes. Crucially, we failed to demonstrate any inhibition between these two groups of antibodies, suggesting that interference by nonneutralizing antibodies, at least for the region encompassing residues 434 to 446, does not provide a mechanism for HCV persistence in chronically infected individuals.
Abstract 3429: NI-2601, an Fc-active CD47xPD-L1 bispecific antibody that selectively targets CD47 on PD-L1-positive tumors (2022)

Abstract PD-1/PD-L1 blockade has improved survival across many types of cancer, but only in a minority of patients. Co-targeting PD-1/PD-L1 and the CD47/SIRPα myeloid checkpoint with monoclonal antibody (mAb) combinations showed increased antitumor responses in preclinical studies. However, CD47 mAbs are hindered by ubiquitous CD47 expression leading to rapid target-mediated clearance and safety concerns, including anemia and thrombocytopenia. Consequently, dual-targeting CD47xPD-L1 bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) enabling selective inhibition of CD47 on PD-L1-positive tumors offer an alternative approach. A fully human bsAb pairing a high affinity PD-L1 arm to a low affinity CD47 arm was generated using the κλ-body platform. The latter is also used in our CD47xCD19 bispecific antibody NI-1701/TG-1801, currently in phase I clinical trials (NCT03804996, NCT04806035). The resulting CD47xPD-L1 bsAb of human IgG1 isotype (NI-2601) was evaluated in various binding and receptor-blocking assays, and then tested for its capacity to enhance T-cell activation in vitro and induce Fc-mediated killing of tumor cells through phagocytosis (ADCP) and antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). A surrogate bsAb was also evaluated in vivo in a syngeneic mouse model. NI-2601 demonstrated effective blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 interaction, and T-cell activation in vitro, similar to the anti-PD-L1 clinical benchmarks atezolizumab and avelumab. Consistent with its low-affinity CD47 arm, the bsAb did not bind to red blood cells (RBC) and CD47 blockade was driven by PD-L1 co-engagement. Using a panel of tumor cell lines, expressing various PD-L1 levels, NI-2601 showed superior activity in ADCP and ADCC as compared to the anti-PD-L1 IgG1 mAb, avelumab. The anti-tumor activity of this approach using surrogate CD47xPD-L1 bsAb was confirmed in a syngeneic MC38 colon carcinoma model. Thus, NI-2601 is able to harness Fc-effector function to eliminate PD-L1-positive tumor cells while sparing PD-L1-negative cells, such as RBC or platelets. Pharmacokinetic and tolerability studies in non-human primate are planned for 2022. Citation Format: Xavier Chauchet, Nicolas Bosson, Margaux Legrand, Laura Cons, Sébastien Calloud, Alizée Viandier, Françoise Richard, Pauline Malinge, Tereza Bautzova, Jérémie Bourguignon, Guillemette Pontini, Elise Penarrieta, Mengzhu Sun, Ulla Ravn, Valéry Moine, Giovanni Magistrelli, Yves Poitevin, Stéphanie Hugues, Limin Shang, Walter Ferlin, Krzysztof Masternak. NI-2601, an Fc-active CD47xPD-L1 bispecific antibody that selectively targets CD47 on PD-L1-positive tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3429.
Premotor Parkinson's disease: Clinical features, detection, and prospects for treatment (2009)

The period immediately before the onset of motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) often has a recognizable phenotype with features including autonomic dysfunction and impaired olfaction. Subclinical dopaminergic cell loss can also be detected at this time using molecular imaging techniques. A greater recognition of the features of premotor PD and improvements in screening technologies have opened the possibility of predictive testing for PD. In addition to molecular imaging of the dopamine system, screening tests that can potentially be used to identify the physiological abnormalities in premotor PD include olfactory testing, imaging of the sympathetic innervation of the heart, transcranial ultrasound, and genetic testing for mutations known to cause hereditary PD. All of these technologies have trade-offs as screening tests for accuracy, availability, and costs. Using these tests in combination may produce a more favorable combination of reasonable cost and accuracy than using any single test alone. Ultimately, the value of screening for PD depends on development of neuroprotective treatments for PD that would create an imperative for early identification and treatment.
Linker-Improved Chimeric Endolysin Selectively Kills Staphylococcus aureus <i>In Vitro</i> , on Reconstituted Human Epidermis, and in a Murine Model of Skin Infection (2022)

Staphylococcus aureus causes a broad spectrum of diseases in humans and animals. It is frequently associated with inflammatory skin disorders such as atopic dermatitis, where it aggravates symptoms. Treatment of S. aureus-associated skin infections with antibiotics is discouraged due to their broad-range deleterious effect on healthy skin microbiota and their ability to promote the development of resistance. Thus, novel S. aureus-specific antibacterial agents are desirable. We constructed two chimeric cell wall-lytic enzymes, Staphefekt SA.100 and XZ.700, which are composed of functional domains from the bacteriophage endolysin Ply2638 and the bacteriocin lysostaphin. Both enzymes specifically killed S. aureus and were inactive against commensal skin bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, with XZ.700 proving more active than SA.100 in multiple <i>in vitro</i> activity assays. When surface-attached mixed staphylococcal cultures were exposed to XZ.700 in a simplified microbiome model, the enzyme selectively removed S. aureus and retained S. epidermidis. Furthermore, XZ.700 did not induce resistance in S. aureus during repeated rounds of exposure to sublethal concentrations. Finally, we demonstrated that XZ.700 formulated as a cream is effective at killing S. aureus on reconstituted human epidermis and that an XZ.700-containing gel significantly reduces bacterial numbers compared to an untreated control in a mouse model of S. aureus-induced skin infection.
Biomimetic Engineering of Carbon Nanotubes by Using Cell Surface Mucin Mimics (2004)

Biokompatible Nanoröhren: Glycosylierte Polymere, die natürliche Mucine imitieren, wurden auf Kohlenstoffnanoröhren aufgebaut (siehe Bild). Die mit Mucin-Mimetika überzogenen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren sind wasserlöslich und zeigen keine unspezifische Proteinbindung, sondern binden gezielt durch Rezeptor-Ligand-Wechselwirkungen an Biomoleküle.
Oxygen-independent intracellular and oxygen-dependent extracellular killing of Escherichia coli S15 by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. (1985)

Effective killing of bacteria by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) is generally assumed to require intracellular sequestration and, depending on the bacterial species, can be both O2-dependent or O2-independent. Killing of several strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli by rabbit PMN does not require O2 and is apparently due to a granule-associated bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI) present in rabbit and human PMN. In this study we examined the O2 dependence of the killing of E. coli (S15) by human PMN. Ingested and noningested E. coli were separated by centrifugation after incubation with PMN in room air or under N2. In the presence of heat-treated serum approximately 50% of E. coli (10 bacteria/PMN) were taken up by PMN and rapidly (5-15 min) killed both in room air and under N2. The remaining extracellular bacteria (approximately 50%) were killed during 30-60 min of incubation in room air but not under N2. When uptake of E. coli by PMN was increased to approximately 80% by the use of C6-depleted serum (retaining heat-labile opsonins), bacterial survival under N2 was reduced from 54 +/- 7.6% to 13 +/- 5.5%. PMN from a patient with chronic granulomatous disease killed PMN-associated but not extracellular E. coli. BPI was detected, by indirect immunofluorescence, on the surface of PMN-associated E. coli within 5 min of incubation of E. coli with PMN both in room air and under N2. In contrast, at no time was BPI detected on the surface of extracellular E. coli, indicating that the non-PMN-associated E. coli had not been previously ingested. Thus, killing of ingested E. coli S15 by human as well as rabbit PMN does not require O2 and appears to be BPI-mediated. However, when ingestion is limited, extracellular bacteria can also be killed but principally by O2-dependent mechanisms.
GABA in ischemic stroke. Proton magnetic resonance study. (2004)

These findings suggest that GABA function is decreased outside the infarct. Further studies are needed for confirmation of the results and elucidation of the possible role of GABA alterations in stroke recovery and therapy.
SEMO FPU: The Efficient Floater (2000)

Abstract This paper presents a concept for floating production, the SEMO (Semi-submersible MOnohull), an extremely flexible concept with regard to water depth, payload, storage capacity and fabrication site. The efficiency and robustness of the concept has been verified through conceptual design, structural and hydrodynamic analyses, mooring analyses and fabrication studies including cost and schedule. The SEMO FPU was developed in response to the requirements for more cost efficient field developments. The SEMO can replace Dry Completion Units (DCUs), such as TLPs and Spars, as well as semi-submersibles and shipshaped FPSOs. In essence the SEMO is a monohull, different from the conventional floating monohulls used today. Due to the shape of the hull the issue of fatigue, which often is a challenge for TLPs, semis and FPSOs, is almost eliminated. The SEMO can operate in a wide range of water depths and provide storage when required. The symmetric hull is spread moored and eliminates costly items in the traditional FPSO such as turrets and swivels. The favorable seamotion behavior and the very stiff and large deck area result in less sophisticated and cheaper process utility and simpler and cheaper topside structure. The seamotion behavior can be optimized to allow for surface wells, also in areas with harsh environment. The shape of the SEMO hull gives a simple, robust, and cost effective platform with short construction time compared to traditional floaters. This is essential in today's "fast track" market. Fabrication does not require any "hard to find" facilities. The SEMO is a product with extreme flexibility that can be used for almost any field development. This gives the industry an increased opportunity to produce multiple units, taking the advantage of a learning curve in engineering and fabrication. Sensitivity to cost driving changes during project execution is minimized due to the robustness. Introduction Operators and oil companies are forced to cut cost to be competitive in today's Oil & Gas industry. A current trend is going into deeper water, and new and more efficient concepts for floating production is one possibility to reduce cost. Despite a rapid development of subsea and downhole technology there will be a demand for Floating Production Units (FPUs) also in the future. Why do FPSO's have to look like a ship? People in the oil & gas industry have asked this question for years. From an operational point of view there are no reasons why an FPSO, which is to be permanently moored, should be shipshaped. A possible exception is the factor of offloading using a tandem mooring system, however there are other options for offloading that will not depend on a shipshaped design. The idea of shipshaped FPSOs was related to conversion of old tankers, and to the efficiency of the shipbuilding industry worldwide. The history has shown that FPSOs are different from ships and need to be designed differently.
Anaphylaxis to chlorhexidine. Case report. Implication of immunoglobulin E antibodies and identification of an allergenic determinant (2000)

Taken together, for this patient, these results lead to the conclusion that the whole chlorhexidine molecule is complementary to the IgE antibody combining sites and that the 4-chlorophenol, biguanide and hexamethylene structures together comprise the allergenic determinant. Hence, like one of the trimethoprim determinants identified, but unlike most drug allergenic determinants identified so far, the chlorhexidine allergenic determinant identified here encompasses the entire molecule.
Performance Improvement and Biofouling Mitigation in Osmotic Microbial Fuel Cells via In Situ Formation of Silver Nanoparticles on Forward Osmosis Membrane (2020)

An osmotic microbial fuel cell (OsMFC) using a forward osmosis (FO) membrane to replace the proton exchange membrane in a typical MFC achieves superior electricity production and better effluent water quality during municipal wastewater treatment. However, inevitable FO membrane fouling, especially biofouling, has a significantly adverse impact on water flux and thus hinders the stable operation of the OsMFC. Here, we proposed a method for biofouling mitigation of the FO membrane and further improvement in current generation of the OsMFC by applying a silver nanoparticle (AgNP) modified FO membrane. The characteristic tests revealed that the AgNP modified thin film composite (TFC) polyamide FO membrane showed advanced hydrophilicity, more negative zeta potential and better antibacterial property. The biofouling of the FO membrane in OsMFC was effectively alleviated by using the AgNP modified membrane. This phenomenon could be attributed to the changes of TFC-FO membrane properties and the antibacterial property of AgNPs on the membrane surface. An increased hydrophilicity and a more negative zeta potential of the modified membrane enhanced the repulsion between foulants and membrane surface. In addition, AgNPs directly disturbed the functions of microorganisms deposited on the membrane surface. Owing to the biofouling mitigation of the AgNP modified membrane, the water flux and electricity generation of OsMFC were correspondingly improved.
Expression of a Functional Asialoglycoprotein Receptor in Human Renal Proximal Tubular Epithelial Cells (2002)

Primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells have a functional ASGPR, consisting of the H1 and H2 subunits, that is capable of specific ligand binding and uptake.
Collection, Storage, and Preparation of Human Blood Cells (2015)

Human peripheral blood is often studied by flow cytometry in both the research and clinical laboratories. The methods for collection, storage, and preparation of peripheral blood will vary depending on the cell lineage to be examined as well as the type of assay to be performed. This unit presents protocols for collection of blood, separation of leukocytes from whole blood by lysis of erythrocytes, isolating mononuclear cells by density gradient separation, and assorted non-flow sorting methods, such as magnetic bead separations, for enriching specific cell populations, including monocytes, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, neutrophils, and platelets, prior to flow cytometric analysis. A protocol is also offered for cryopreservation of cells, since clinical research often involves retrospective flow cytometric analysis of samples stored over a period of months or years.
High-speed multiple-quantum-well optical power amplifier (1992)

A multiple-quantum-well optical amplifier is used at 8 Gb/s with high input power such that the average gain is compressed by 2.6 dB. Under these conditions, the output signal level is 35 mW and there is negligible intersymbol interference (ISI) penalty at the receiver. This is possible because of a rapid (7 ps) gain recovery process in the amplifier. A conventional semiconductor amplifier operating at a similar level of gain compression shows 2 dB ISI penalty.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Secure and Privacy-Friendly Public Key Generation and Certification (2014)

Digital societies increasingly rely on secure communication between parties. Certificate enrollment protocols are used by certificate authorities to issue public key certificates to clients. Key agreement protocols, such as Diffie-Hellman, are used to compute secret keys, using public keys as input, for establishing secure communication channels. Whenever the keys are generated by clients, the bootstrap process requires either (a) an out-of-band verification for certification of keys when those are generated by the clients themselves, or (b) a trusted server to generate both the public and secret parameters. This paper presents a novel constrained key agreement protocol, built upon a constrained Diffie-Hellman, which is used to generate a secure public-private key pair, and to set up a certification environment without disclosing the private keys. In this way, the servers can guarantee that the generated key parameters are safe, and the clients do not disclose any secret information to the servers.
JRBridge: A Framework of Large-Scale Statistical Computing for R (2012)

Demands for highly scalable parallel data processing platforms is raising due to an explosion in the number of massive-scale data intensive applications both in industry and in sciences. Performing statistical computing over huge data repositories poses a significant challenge to existing statistical software and computational infrastructure. After analyzing various open source computational infrastructures and their programming paradigm APIs, the results have shown that most of them are JVM based, and their APIs are given as Java interfaces or abstract classes. This paper proposes a generic framework JR Bridge, which can integrate R and JVM-based computational infrastructures by generating Java APIs code wrapper around the native R code automatically and handling type conversion. Using this framework, we build a distributed statistical computing environment by integrating R with Hadoop. With the Hadoop Distributed File System plug in, it brings a way to store and access datasets with millions of objects. With MapReduce plug in, it brings a natural environment to code MapReduce algorithms in R. The experiment result shows JR Bridge scales linearly with the size of the datasets and thus provides a scalable solution for large-scale statistical computing in R.