gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Data Analysis for Glaucoma Detection (2013)

A novel 3D OCT analysis technique performed at least as well as the cpRNFL in glaucoma discrimination and even better at glaucoma suspect discrimination. This new method has the potential to improve early detection of glaucomatous damage.
Measurement of the nonlinear refractive index in a bistable laser diode (1988)

The optical bistability (OB) behavior of a semiconductor Fabry-Perot (F.P.) cavity, biased around threshold, has been employed to evaluate the optical device parameters. 1 In the present work, this approach was experimentally applied to measurements of the nonlinear refractive-index coefficient n 2 in OB operating conditions.
Expression of the Infectious Bronchitis Virus Spike Protein by Recombinant Vaccinia Virus and Induction of Neutralizing Antibodies in Vaccinated Mice (1987)

A cDNA clone of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) spike protein gene has been recombined into vaccinia virus. Cells infected with the recombinant virus synthesized IBV spike antigen which was recognized by antibody raised against purified spike protein. Immunofluorescence showed that the IBV spike antigen was transported to the infected cell surface membrane and immunoprecipitation showed the presence of the glycosylated 180K mol. wt. polypeptide precursor of the two spike subunits S1 and S2 that comigrated with this antigen from IBV-infected cells. Vaccinated mice produced antibody that recognized the IBV spike antigen by ELISA and which neutralized IBV infectivity as shown by ciliostasis tests on tracheal organ cultures.
Solidification processing of alloys using an applied electric field (1990)

A method is provided for obtaining an alloy having an ordered microstructure which comprises the steps of heating the central portion of the alloy under uniform temperature so that it enters a liquid phase while the outer portions remain solid, applying a constant electric current through the alloy during the heating step, and solidifying the liquid central portion of the alloy by subjecting it to a temperature-gradient zone so that cooling occurs in a directional manner and at a given rate of speed while maintaining the application of the constant electric current through the alloy. The method of the present invention produces an alloy having superior characteristics such as reduced segregation. After subsequent precipitation by heat-treatment, the alloys produced by the present invention will have excellent strength and high-temperature resistance.
Sonar authentication performance evaluation under realistically simulated undersea channels (2010)

Undersea communication channels are filled with acoustic emissions of various kinds. From sonar to the signals used in acoustic communications, man-made noise, and biological signals generated by marine life, the ocean is a complex conduit for diverse emissions. In this work we propose an algorithm in which an acoustic emission such as a sonar signal is transparently and securely embedded with signatures known as a digital watermark. Extracting the watermark helps to distinguish, for example, a friendly sonar from other acoustic emissions that may exist as part of the natural undersea environment, or from pings that may have originated from hostile forces or echoes fabricated by an adversary. We have adopted spread spectrum as an embedding technique. Spread spectrum allows for matching the watermark to propagation, multipath, and noise profiles of the channel. The sonar is first characterized by its spectrogram and divided up into non-overlapping blocks in time. Each block is individually embedded with a single bit drawn from the watermark payload. The seeds used to generate the spreading codes are the keys used by authorized receivers to recover the watermark. The detector is a maximum likelihood detector using test statistics obtained by integrating a correlation detector output over the entire sonar pulse width. Performance of the detector is controlled by signal-to-watermark ratio, specific frequency bands selected for watermarking, watermark payload, and processing gain. For validation, we use Sonar Simulation Toolset (SST). SST is a software tool that is custom-made for the simulation of undersea channels using realistic propagation properties in oceans. Probabilities of detection and false alarm rates, as well as other performance boundaries, are produced for a shallow water channel subject to multipath and additive noise.
Joint Analog and Digital Interference Cancellation (2014)

In this work, we present an interference canceler that can enable blue force communications signal reception in the presence of a co-located jamming system. Unlike existing simultaneous transmit and receive (STAR) systems targeted for commercial WiFi, our Joint Analog and Digital Cancellation (JADIC) architecture requires no prior knowledge about the structure of the interfering waveform. Our JADIC system demo will highlight its self configuration capabilities and its ability to suppress 100+ dB of wideband and narrowband jammer energy.
In vivo solvent-suppressed localized hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: a window to metabolism? (1985)

Solvent-suppression NMR techniques are combined with a pulsed magnetic field gradient and surface coil detection method of spatial localization. The result is a technique that enables observation of metabolites in the hydrogen (1H) NMR chemical-shift spectra from preselected disk-shaped volumes of biological tissue in vivo. Localized spectra are recorded from the normal human brain and forearm and from a dog in acquisition periods of 2 s using a 1.5-T imaging/spectroscopy system. This is several hundred-fold faster than acquiring similar state-of-the-art 31P NMR spectra of brain metabolites in vivo. Spectroscopy experiments are followed by conventional surface coil imaging sequences to precisely define the selected volume. Contamination of spectra by lipid resonances is a problem.
Innovative Approaches to AlGaInN Homoepitaxial Thin Films (2001)

Abstract : Using the Flow Modulation Epitaxial Technique in an Organometallic Vapor Phase Epitaxial (OMVPE) reactor, we have discovered a simple process which produces epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) of GaN-based materials directly on SiC sapphire and silicon substrates patterned with silicon nitride. The key feature of this process is the use of a high temperature AlGaN nucleation layer which wets the exposed substrate surface and grows smoothly in mask windows without significant nucleation on the silicon nitride mask. Subsequent deposition of GaN results in relatively defect free materials grown laterally over the mask. For growth on silicon the high temperature AlGaN nucleation layer is replaced by AlN where, under proper growth conditions, high mobility 2DEG have been realized for the first time.
Regulating gene expression with light-activated oligonucleotides (2006)

Since the development of light-responsive amino acids, the activity of numerous biomolecules has been photomodulated in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. Biological problems of even greater complexity motivate the development of quantitative methods for controlling gene activity with high spatial and temporal resolution, using light as an external trigger. Photoresponsive DNA and RNA oligonucleotides would optimally serve this purpose, but have proven difficult to expand from proofs-of-concept to in vivo experiments. Until recently, the development of this technology was limited by the synthesis of oligonucleotides whose function could be significantly modulated with near-UV light. New synthetic protocols and strategies for both up- and down-regulating gene activity finally make it possible to address biological considerations. In the near future, we can expect photoresponsive DNA and RNA molecules that are relatively non-toxic, nuclease-resistant, and maintain their specificity and activity in vivo. Quantitative, laser-initiated methods for controlling DNA and RNA function will illuminate new areas in cell and developmental biology.
Zebrafish as a model for apolipoprotein biology: comprehensive expression analysis and a role for ApoA-IV in regulating food intake (2015)

Improved understanding of lipoproteins, particles that transport lipids throughout the circulation, is vital to developing new treatments for the dyslipidemias associated with metabolic syndrome. Apolipoproteins are a key component of lipoproteins. Apolipoproteins are proteins that structure lipoproteins and regulate lipid metabolism through control of cellular lipid exchange. Constraints of cell culture and mouse models mean that there is a need for a complementary model that can replicate the complex in vivo milieu that regulates apolipoprotein and lipoprotein biology. Here, we further establish the utility of the genetically tractable and optically clear larval zebrafish as a model of apolipoprotein biology. Gene ancestry analyses were implemented to determine the closest human orthologs of the zebrafish apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I), apoB, apoE and apoA-IV genes and therefore ensure that they have been correctly named. Their expression patterns throughout development were also analyzed, by whole-mount mRNA in situ hybridization (ISH). The ISH results emphasized the importance of apolipoproteins in transporting yolk and dietary lipids: mRNA expression of all apolipoproteins was observed in the yolk syncytial layer, and intestinal and liver expression was observed from 4-6 days post-fertilization (dpf). Furthermore, real-time PCR confirmed that transcription of three of the four zebrafish apoA-IV genes was increased 4 hours after the onset of a 1-hour high-fat feed. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that zebrafish ApoA-IV performs a conserved role to that in rat in the regulation of food intake by transiently overexpressing ApoA-IVb.1 in transgenic larvae and quantifying ingestion of co-fed fluorescently labeled fatty acid during a high-fat meal as an indicator of food intake. Indeed, ApoA-IVb.1 overexpression decreased food intake by approximately one-third. This study comprehensively describes the expression and function of eleven zebrafish apolipoproteins and serves as a springboard for future investigations to elucidate their roles in development and disease in the larval zebrafish model.
Adapting machine translation models toward misrecognized speech with text-to-speech pronunciation rules and acoustic confusability (2015)

In the spoken language translation pipeline, machine translation systems that are trained solely on written bitexts are often unable to recover from speech recognition errors due to the mismatch in training data. We propose a novel technique to simulate the errors generated by an ASR system, using the ASR system’s pronunciation dictionary and language model. Lexical entries in the pronunciation dictionary are converted into phoneme sequences using a text-to-speech (TTS) analyzer and stored in a phoneme-to-word translation model. The translation model and ASR language model are combined into a phonemeto-word MT system that “damages” clean texts to look like ASR outputs based on acoustic confusions. Training texts are TTSconverted and damaged into synthetic ASR data for use as adaptation data for training a speech translation system. Our proposed technique yields consistent improvements in translation quality on English-French lectures.
Fabrication of Microgel-in-Liposome Particles with Improved Water Retention (2012)

Corneocytes represents the main water reservoir of stratum corneum, and that ability intimately arises from their architecture and total composition. Here we describe a novel method for fabricating a microgel-in-liposome (M-i-L) structure consisting of a sodium hyaluronate microgel and a lipid membrane envelop in order to mimic corneocyte cell structures. The essence of our approach is to use a lecithin-based microemulsion with a very low interfacial tension between the water droplet and oil continuous phase. Using this emulsion enables us to stabilize a dispersion of microgel particles without phase separation or aggregation. The addition of excess water produced single-core or multicore microgel particles enveloped in a lipid layer. To demonstrate the applicability of this unique vesicle system, we encapsulated a high concentration of natural moisturizing factor (NMF) in the microgel core and investigated how the M-i-L structure affected the water retention in comparison with other control systems. We have observed that our M-i-L particles with the NMF in the core, which mimicked the corneocyte cell structure, showed an excellent ability to retain water in the system. This experimental result inspired us to investigate how corneocyte cells, which feature a lipid-enveloped hydrogel structure, provide such long-lasting hydration to the skin.
Novel Silicon-Controlled Rectifier (SCR) for High-Voltage Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) Applications (2008)

Electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection for high-voltage integrated circuits is challenging due to the requirement of high holding voltage to minimize the risk of ESD-induced latchup and electrical overstress. In this letter, a new silicon-controlled rectifier (SCR) is developed for this particular application. The SCR is designed based on the concept that the holding voltage can be increased by reducing the emitter injection efficiency in the SCR. This is accomplished by using a segmented emitter topology. Experimental data show that the new SCR can possess a holding voltage that is larger than 40 V and a failure current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t2</sub> that is higher than 28 mA/mum.
Paper-based piezoresistive MEMS force sensors (2011)

This paper describes the development of piezoresistive MEMS force sensors constructed using paper as the structural material. The sensing principle of the paper-based sensor is based on the piezoresistive effect of conductive materials patterned on a paper substrate. The device is inexpensive (~$0.04/device for materials), simple to fabricate, lightweight, and disposable. The entire fabrication process can be completed within one hour in common laboratories with simple tools (e.g., a paper cutter and a painting knife), without requiring cleanroom facilities. The paper substrate allows easy integration of electrical signal processing circuits onto the paper-based MEMS devices. We demonstrated that the paper-based sensor can measure forces with moderate performance (i.e., detection limit: 120 μN, measurement range: ±16 mN, and sensitivity: 0.84 mV/mN), and applied the sensor to characterizing mechanical properties of soft materials. We also developed a paper-based weighting balance with a measurement range of 15 g and a resolution of 25 mg.
<title>Incoherent correlator system for satellite orientation control</title> (2002)

An incoherent correlator configuration is proposed and experimentally demonstrated that is capable of recognizing star patterns. The device may thus be employed for the orientation and navigation of a satellite or spacecraft. The correlator employs starlight directly and requires no laser or input spatial light modulator for operation. The filter is constructed form an array of mirrors that may be individually appropriately tilted so as recognize a particular star arrangement. The only other components of the system are a converging lens and CCD array detector. The device is capable of determining the pointing direction and rotation of a satellite or space vehicle. Experimental results employing the mirror array device illuminated with a point source early to simulate starlight are presented.
Multiwavelength optical crossconnect for parallel-processing computers (1988)

A multiwavelength optical interconnection architecture for parallel-processing computers is presented. This fully connected, internally nonblocking network, using tunable lasers, requires only two optical fibres per node. Wavelength switching measurements (access times <20ns) and calculated throughput are presented. Critical target parameters are established for optical device development.
Photometric Stabilization for Fast-forward Videos (2017)

Videos captured by consumer cameras often exhibit temporal variations in color and tone that are caused by camera auto-adjustments like white-balance and exposure. When such videos are sub-sampled to play fast-forward, as in the increasingly popular forms of timelapse and hyperlapse videos, these temporal variations are exacerbated and appear as visually disturbing high frequency flickering. Previous techniques to photometrically stabilize videos typically rely on computing dense correspondences between video frames, and use these correspondences to remove all color changes in the video sequences. However, this approach is limited in fast-forward videos that often have large content changes and also might exhibit changes in scene illumination that should be preserved. In this work, we propose a novel photometric stabilization algorithm for fast-forward videos that is robust to large content-variation across frames. We compute pairwise color and tone transformations between neighboring frames and smooth these pair-wise transformations while taking in account the possibility of scene/content variations. This allows us to eliminate high-frequency fluctuations, while still adapting to real variations in scene characteristics. We evaluate our technique on a new dataset consisting of controlled synthetic and real videos, and demonstrate that our techniques outperforms the state-of-the-art.
Reference-free interpretation of flash thermography data (2006)

The Thermographic Signal Reconstruction (TSR) method has become a widely accepted approach to processing and interpreting active thermography data, since its introduction six years ago. Initially, the technique was used to create compact, noise-free sequences replicas of flash thermography data. Derivatives of the replica were used to obtain increased sensitivity, noise and artifact suppression, and reference-free evaluation and quantification of results. However the derivative of a single pixel time history can also be analysed without reference to adjacent pixels to detect the presence of a subsurface defect, or in the absence of a defect, it can be used to measure the local thermal diffusivity, sample thickness or defect depth. In this article, we illustrate the behaviour of the derivative in some basic cases, and show how it can be used to infer the subsurface state of a sample.
Bioengineered Teeth from Cultured Rat Tooth Bud Cells (2004)

The recent bioengineering of complex tooth structures from pig tooth bud tissues suggests the potential for the regeneration of mammalian dental tissues. We have improved tooth bioengineering methods by comparing the utility of cultured rat tooth bud cells obtained from three- to seven-day post-natal (dpn) rats for tooth-tissue-engineering applications. Cell-seeded biodegradable scaffolds were grown in the omenta of adult rat hosts for 12 wks, then harvested. Analyses of 12-week implant tissues demonstrated that dissociated 4-dpn rat tooth bud cells seeded for 1 hr onto PGA or PLGA scaffolds generated bioengineered tooth tissues most reliably. We conclude that tooth-tissue-engineering methods can be used to generate both pig and rat tooth tissues. Furthermore, our ability to bioengineer tooth structures from cultured tooth bud cells suggests that dental epithelial and mesenchymal stem cells can be maintained in vitro for at least 6 days.
Increased Aqueous Humor GDF15 Is Associated with Worse Visual Field Loss in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma Patients (2020)

This study provides proof of concept that GDF15, a molecular marker of retinal ganglion stress that was initially identified in rodent models, may have clinical utility as a measure of glaucoma severity not only in POAG but also in PXG.
Production and biological activity of rebeccamycin, a novel antitumor agent. (1987)

An actinomycete, strain C-38,383, was selected in a screening program for the isolation of novel antitumor agents. A yellow crystalline product, named rebeccamycin, was isolated from the mycelium and was found to have activity against P388 leukemia, L1210 leukemia and B16 melanoma implanted in mice. Rebeccamycin inhibits the growth of human lung adenocarcinoma cells (A549) and produces single-strand breaks in the DNA of these cells. No DNA-protein cross-links were detected. A related antibiotic, staurosporine, is produced by Streptomyces staurosporeus and Streptomyces actuosus. Strain C-38,383 was found to resemble closely strains of Nocardia aerocolonigenes recently renamed Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes. A strain selection isolate without aerial mycelium, C-38,383-RK-1, failed to produce rebeccamycin while a strain with aerial mycelium, C-38,383-RK-2, was found to be a suitable strain for production. A description of the producing strain is presented and its taxonomic position is reviewed. A fermentor containing 37 liters of production medium gave a rebeccamycin yield of 663 mg/liter after 204 hours of incubation with strain C-38,383-RK-2.
Fully scalable video compression with sample-adaptive lifting and overlapped block motion (2005)

Motion compensated temporal lifting is a highly effective means for exploiting motion in wavelet-based video compression algorithms. One way to achieve both spatial and temporal scalability attributes is to apply a conventional spatial DWT to an initial set of temporal subbands. This "t+2D" paradigm may be reversed, performing the spatial transform first and temporally transforming its spatial subbands. In this paper, we show how the two paradigms can be bridged by a family of "vector" motion compensation operators. Different members of this family have different implications for compression efficiency and for artifacts which can appear at reduced resolutions. We show how the vector motion compensation operators can be adaptively selected so as to achieve high compression efficiency, while simultaneously suppressing artifacts which might otherwise occur during scaling. The vector motion compensation paradigm provides an efficient framework for in-band block-based motion modeling, which suppresses the appearance of blocking artifacts. The proposed adaptive motion compensation operators have an added advantage in automatically selecting between different resolution-dependent motion models, so as to maximize energy compaction while avoiding the appearance of artifacts at reduced resolutions. Resolution-dependent motion models extend the useful range of bit-rate scalability over many orders of magnitude.
Calibrationless Radio-Inertial Localization and Tracking Systems using Smart Handheld Devices. (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel solution for the low-cost indoor localization and tracking problem using radio signal strength indicator, Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and magnetometer sensors available in smart handheld devices such as smartphones. The proposed algorithm does not require any sensor calibration and performs real-time. We develop a novel probabilistic IMU motion model as the proposal distribution of the sequential Monte-Carlo technique to track the device trajectory. Our algorithm can globally localize and track a device with a priori unknown location, given an informative prior map of the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons. Also, we formulate the problem as an optimization problem that serves as the Back-end of the algorithm mentioned above (Front-end). Thus, by simultaneously solving for the device trajectory and the map of BLE beacons, we recover a continuous and smooth trajectory of the device, precise locations of the BLE beacons, and the time-varying IMU bias. The experimental results achieved using hardware show that through feeding back the optimized map and recovered IMU bias values to the Front-end, the overall system performance reaches to about 1.35 m at the third quartile of the cumulative distribution function of the localization error over the experimental data.