gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving continuous gesture recognition with spoken prosody (2003)

Despite recent advances in gesture recognition, reliance on the visual signal alone to classify unrestricted continuous gesticulation is inherently error-prone. Since spontaneous gesticulation is mostly coverbal in nature, there have been some attempts of using speech cues to improve gesture recognition. Some attempts have been made in using speech cues to improve gesture recognition, e.g., keyword-gesture co-analysis. Use of such scheme is burdened by the complexity of natural language understanding. This paper offers a "signal-level" perspective by exploring prosodic phenomena of spontaneous gesture and speech co-production. We present a computational framework for improving continuous gesture recognition based on two phenomena that capture voluntary (co-articulation) and involuntary (physiological) contributions of prosodic synchronization. Physiological constraints, manifested as signal interruptions in multimodal production, are exploited in an audio-visual feature integration framework using hidden Markov models (HMMs). Co-articulation is analyzed using a Bayesian network of naive classifiers to explore alignment of intonationally prominent speech segments and hand kinematics. The efficacy of the proposed approach was demonstrated on a multimodal corpus created from the Weather Channel broadcast. Both schemas were found to contribute uniquely by reducing different error types, which subsequently improves the performance of continuous gesture recognition.
Dynamic user interface adaptation based on operator role and task models (2002)

Proper design of human computer interactions currently requires the application of specialized knowledge possessed by talented individuals, often responding to rapidly changing technology and functionality. As computing power and data become more distributed, static design of interactions for dynamic environments may not always produce usable interfaces between people and machines. We have designed a model based, dynamic interaction design system called DIG (Dynamic Interaction Generation) and implemented it in a research prototype using the domain of digital building control systems. DIGBE is a three-tiered system modeling the domain data, the current interaction, and the device-specific presentation of the interaction. It responds to changes in the environment and creates, in real time, an interaction tailored to the current user role, access level, and task. Each interaction is also specialized to match the nature of the information that is currently the focus of the interaction. Full automatic synthesis of any interface at any time may not yet be feasible, but DIGBE demonstrates that it is both possible and useful to automatically generate user interfaces. This may be especially true for complex system domains with variable components but known task structures.
<title>Wavelet-based deformable contour and its application to detection of pulmonary nodules on chest radiographs</title> (1997)

A wavelet-based deformable contour called the wavelet snake has been developed, and applied to distinction of tumors from false detections reported by our computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for detection of pulmonary nodules in digital chest radiographs. In this technique, multiscale edge representation using spline wavelets was employed as a preprocessing step for extraction of an approximate boundary of a candidate nodule in each region of interest (ROI) reported by our CAD scheme. These multiscale edges are then used to `guide' the wavelet snake to estimate the true boundary of the nodule. The wavelet snake is designed to deform its shape based on a maximum a posteriori estimation performed by a gradient descent algorithm. The degree of overlap between the resulting snake and the multiscale edges were calculated at two scales, and a combination of the overlap measures at these scales were used as a measure for distinction between the ROIs containing nodules and non- nodules. A set of ROIs consisting of 94 nodules and 518 false positives were used for evaluation of our method by means of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our method yielded an area under the ROC curve of 0.79 in classification performance, which reduced 19% of the false positives with sacrifice of only one nodule.
Fast static compaction algorithms for sequential circuit test vectors (1999)

Two fast algorithms for static test sequence compaction are proposed for sequential circuits. The algorithms are based on the observation that test sequences traverse through a small set of states and some states are frequently revisited throughout the application of a test set. Subsequences that start and end on the same states may be removed if necessary and if sufficient conditions are met for them. Contrary to the previously proposed methods, where multitudes of fault simulations are required, the techniques described in this paper require only two fault simulation passes and are applied to test sequences generated by various test generators, resulting in significant compactions very quickly for circuits that have many revisited states.
Non-invasive microwave thermometry of multilayer human tissues (2017)

In this paper, radiometry measurements of human tissue layer phantom temperature are presented. A skin-fat-muscle phantom allows independent heating/cooling of the lowest muscle layer. A narrowband probe is designed specifically for that tissue stack-up and a sensitive radiometer is used to measure total radiometric power in the 1.4-GHz quiet band. The knowledge of the volume power loss density from the probe, obtained from full-wave simulations, is used to determine the tissue weighting functions, which in turn allows for estimating black-body power radiated from a specific buried layer. Measured data using a Dicke radiometer shows that the radiometer tracks the internal tissue temperature.
Batch-reactor microfluidic device: first human use of a microfluidically produced PET radiotracer (2012)

The very first microfluidic device used for the production of (18)F-labeled tracers for clinical research is reported along with the first human Positron Emission Tomography scan obtained with a microfluidically produced radiotracer. The system integrates all operations necessary for the transformation of [(18)F]fluoride in irradiated cyclotron target water to a dose of radiopharmaceutical suitable for use in clinical research. The key microfluidic technologies developed for the device are a fluoride concentration system and a microfluidic batch reactor assembly. Concentration of fluoride was achieved by means of absorption of the fluoride anion on a micro ion-exchange column (5 μL of resin) followed by release of the radioactivity with 45 μL of the release solution (95 ± 3% overall efficiency). The reactor assembly includes an injection-molded reactor chip and a transparent machined lid press-fitted together. The resulting 50 μL cavity has a unique shape designed to minimize losses of liquid during reactor filling and liquid evaporation. The cavity has 8 ports for gases and liquids, each equipped with a 2-way on-chip mechanical valve rated for pressure up to 20.68 bar (300 psi). The temperature is controlled by a thermoelectric heater capable of heating the reactor up to 180 °C from RT in 150 s. A camera captures live video of the processes in the reactor. HPLC-based purification and reformulation units are also integrated in the device. The system is based on "split-box architecture", with reagents loaded from outside of the radiation shielding. It can be installed either in a standard hot cell, or as a self-shielded unit. Along with a high level of integration and automation, split-box architecture allowed for multiple production runs without the user being exposed to radiation fields. The system was used to support clinical trials of [(18)F]fallypride, a neuroimaging radiopharmaceutical under IND Application #109,880.
Detecting Hardware Covert Timing Channels (2016)

Information security and data privacy have steadily grown into major concerns in computing, especially given the rapid transition into the digital age for all needs--from healthcare to national defense. Among the many forms of information leakage, covert timing channels can be dangerous primarily because they involve two parties intentionally colluding to exfiltrate sensitive data by subverting the underlying system security policy. The attackers establish an illegitimate communication channel between two processes and transmit information via resource timing modulation, which does not leave any physical activity trace for later forensic analysis. Recent studies have shown the vulnerability of many popular computing environments, such as cloud computing, to these covert timing channels. With the advancements in software confinement mechanisms, shared processor hardware structures will be natural targets for malicious attackers to exploit and implement their covert-timing-based channels. In this work, the authors present a microarchitecture-level framework that detects the possible presence of covert timing channels on shared hardware. Their experiments demonstrate their ability to successfully detect different types of covert timing channels on various hardware structures and communication patterns.
Generation of monodisperse aerosols by combining aerodynamic flow-focusing and mechanical perturbation (2015)

A novel instrument has been developed for generating highly monodisperse aerosol particles with a geometrical standard deviation of 1.05 or less.This aerosol generator applies a periodic mechanical excitation to a micro-liquid jet obtained by aerodynamic flow-focusing.The jet diameter and its fastest growth wavelength have been optimized as a function of the flow-focusing pressure drop and the liquid flow rate.The monodisperse aerosol generated by this instrument is also charge neutralized with bipolar ions produced by a non-radioactive, corona discharge device.Monodisperse droplet generation in the 15-to 72-mm diameter range from a single 100-micron nozzle has been demonstrated.Both liquid and solid monodisperse particles can be generated from 0.7-to 15-mm diameter by varying solution concentration, liquid flow rate, and excitation frequency.The calculated monodisperse particle diameter agrees well with independent measurements.The operation of this new monodisperse aerosol generator is stable and reliable without nozzle clogging, typical of other aerosol generators at the lower end of the operating particle size ranges.
<i>trans</i>-2,3-Dihydroxy-6a,7,8,12b-tetrahydro-6<i>H</i>-chromeno[3,4-<i>c</i>]isoquinoline:  Synthesis, Resolution, and Preliminary Pharmacological Characterization of a New Dopamine D<sub>1</sub>Receptor Full Agonist (2006)

We report the synthesis of trans-2,3-dihydroxy-6a,7,8,12b-tetrahydro-6H-chromeno[3,4-c]isoquinoline hydrochloride 6 and the resolution of its enantiomers. This new compound is an oxygen bioisostere of the potent dopamine D1-selective full agonist dihydrexidine. The initial synthetic approach involved, as a key step, a Suzuki coupling between a chromene triflate and a boronate ester, followed by isoquinoline formation and reduction of the resulting isoquinoline. Subsequently, a more efficient route was developed that involved conjugate addition of an aryl Grignard reagent to a 2-nitrochromene. The title compound possessed high affinity (Ki=20-30 nM) for porcine D1-like receptors in native striatal tissue and full intrinsic activity at cloned human dopamine D1 receptors but had much lower affinity at dopamine D2-like receptors (Ki=3000 nM). The binding and functional properties of this compound illustrate again the utility of constructing dopamine D1 agonist ligands around the beta-phenyldopamine pharmacophore template.
Synthetic TGF‐β antagonist accelerates wound healing and reduces scarring (2002)

Wound healing consists of re-epithelialization, contraction and formation of granulation and scar tissue. TGF-b is involved in these events, but its exact roles are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that topical application of a synthetic TGF-b antagonist accelerates re-epithelialization in pig burn wounds (100% re-epithelialization in antagonist-treated wounds vs. approximately 70% re-epithelialization in control wounds on postburn day 26) and reduces wound contraction and scarring in standard pig skin burn, pig skin excision and rabbit skin excision wounds. These results support the distinct roles of TGF-b in the complex process of wound healing and demonstrate the feasibility of manipulating wound healing by TGF-b antagonist.
Developing large-scale field-programmable analog arrays for rapid prototyping (2005)

Field-programmable analog arrays (FPAAs) provide a method for rapidly prototyping analog systems. While currently available FPAAs vary in architecture and interconnect design, they are often limited in size and flexibility. For FPAAs to be as useful and marketable as modern digital reconfigurable devices, new technologies must be explored to provide area efficient, accurately programmable analog circuitry that can be easily integrated into a larger digital/mixed signal system. By leveraging recent advances in floating gate transistors, a new generation of FPAAs are achievable that will dramatically advance the current state of the art in terms of size, functionality, and flexibility.
Techniques for Torque Modification of Singles Ring Spun Yarns (2008)

This article reports on a systematic study of various spinning techniques to produce torque-free singles ring spun yarns on a modified ring frame. The modification units, including optional fiber separation devices and a false twist device, were incorporated into the conventional ring spinning frame so that the balanced or reduced yarn residual torque could be achieved in one step. Three modification systems were proposed and two of them were investigated on a ring frame to produce pure cotton singles yarns. The spirality of the resultant single jersey knit fabrics was greatly reduced. Properties and performance characteristics of control and modified yarns, as well as their resultant fabrics, were evaluated, including yarn tensile properties, hairiness, evenness, snarling, burst strength, air permeability, handle, and pill resistances.
Stereo-view video coding using H.264 tools (2005)

The amount of data that has to be stored and transmitted for stereo-view video applications can be double of conventional mono-view video applications if a mono-view video coding method is applied directly. Although not designed for stereo-view video coding, the H.264 coding tools can be arranged to take advantage of the correlations between the pair of views of a stereo-view video, and provide very reliable and efficient compression performance as well as stereo/mono-view scalability. This paper introduces methods for coding stereo-view video sequences efficiently using the H.264 coding tools, such as the interlace-coding tools and the sub-sequence coding concept. With the help of the stereo video Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI) message defined in H.264 Fidelity Range Extensions (FRExt), a decoder can easily synchronize the views, and a streaming server or a decoder can easily detect the scalability of a coded stereo video bitstream. Coding performances are shown in the paper for Main and Baseline profiles using both scalable and non-scalable coding options. The scalable coding options that can be signaled by the H.264 SEI messages could have coding performance similar to or better than that of proprietary system configurations for non-scalable coding.
Non Invasive Assessment of Leaflet Deformation in Heart Valve Tissue Engineering (2007)

Contemporary tissue engineered heart valves seem to have sufficient mechanical strength for implantation [1]. Nevertheless, mechanical properties, tissue structure and architecture still need to be improved. Recent studies indicate enhancement of mechanical properties by applying cyclic diastolic pressure loads to the developing tissue in a bioreactor system [2]. However, current bioreactors operate with a preset transvalvular pressure applied to the tissue. Mechanical properties of the engineered construct may vary during culturing and consequently, the pressure-induced deformations are unknown. To systematically study the effects of mechanical straining on tissue development and to design an optimal conditioning protocol, real-time measurement and control of local tissue strains are desired.
Development of Super-hard Nano-polycrystalline Diamond (2008)

Super-hard nano-polycrystalline diamond up to 5 mm in diameter has been successfully synthesized by direct conversion from high-purity graphite under static pressures above 15 GPa and temperatures above 2573 K. The polycrystalline diamond has a very fine texture consisting of diamond grains of several tens of nanometer in size, and has an extremely high hardness, which is equivalent to or even higher than that of single crystal diamonds. It is presumed that the microstructural features (very fine mixed structure consisting of granular and lamellar grains, no secondary phases) lead to the extremely high hardness. The very fine microstructure and extremely high hardness of the polycrystalline diamond promise well its applications as high-precision and high-efficiency cutting tools of the next generation.
Purification, Characterization and cDNA Cloning of the 200 kDa Protein Induced by Cold Acclimation in Wheat (1993)

We have purified to homogeneity the 200 kDa protein induced specifically by low temperature in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). The boiling solubility of the protein has been used as a main step in the purification procedure. Amino acid composition indicates that the 200 kDa has a compositional bias for glycine (11.4%), threonine (13.3%), and alanine (22.0%). Using oligonucleotide probes, we have isolated a clone (p Wcs200) from a cold-acclimated winter wheat cDNA library. Northern analysis demonstrated that the expression of the corresponding gene was specifically upregulated by low temperature. Southern analysis showed that the gene organization and the relative copy number were identical in two cultivars differing in their capacity to develop freezing tolerance. Protein sequence and immunological analyses indicate that this protein shares similar features with the 50 kDa protein induced during cold acclimation of wheat. The two proteins are boiling-soluble, and possess similar repeated elements. These elements may be important for the development of freezing tolerance. We have shown that the 200 kDa protein is the largest member of a family of immunologically-related cold-induced proteins in wheat. Expression of pWcs200 in E. coli yielded a product of around 200 kDa, indicating that the clone contains most of the coding region for this protein.
Enantiomerically Pure <i>trans</i>-β-Lactams from α-Amino Acids via Compact Fluorescent Light (CFL) Continuous-Flow Photolysis (2010)

Photolysis of alpha-diazo-N-methoxy-N-methyl (Weinreb) beta-ketoamides derived from enantiomerically pure (EP) alpha-amino acids affords the corresponding EP beta-lactams via an intramolecular Wolff rearrangement. The photochemistry is promoted with either standard UV irradiation or through the use of a 100 W compact fluorescent light; the latter affords a safe and environmentally friendly alternative to standard photolysis conditions. A continuous-flow photochemical reactor made from inexpensive laboratory equipment reduced reaction times and was amenable to scale-up. The diastereoselectivity (cis or trans) of the product beta-lactams has been shown to vary from modest to nearly complete. An extremely facile, atom-economical method for the epimerization of the product mixture to the trans isomer, which is generally highly crystalline, has been developed. Evidence for C3 epimerization of Weinreb amide structures via a nonbasic, purely thermal route is presented. Subsequent transformations of both the Weinreb amide at C3 (beta-lactam numbering) and the amino acid side chain at C4 are well-tolerated, allowing for a versatile approach to diverse beta-lactam structures. The technology is showcased in the synthesis of a common intermediate used toward several carbapenem-derived structures starting from unfunctionalized aspartic acid.
Identification of Strain-specific Variants of Mouse Adamts13 Gene Encoding von Willebrand Factor-cleaving Protease (2004)

Human ADAMTS13 was recently identified as a gene encoding von Willebrand factor-cleaving protease, hADAMTS13. Both congenital and acquired defects in this enzyme can cause thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. hADAMTS13 consists of 1,427 amino acid residues and is composed of multiple structural domains including thrombospondin type 1 motifs and CUB domains. To analyze the functional roles of these domains in vivo, we determined the cDNA sequence of the mouse ortholog, mADAMTS13. Unexpectedly, two forms of the mouse Adamts13 gene were isolated that differed in the insertion of an intracisternal A particle (IAP) retrotransposon including a premature stop codon. The IAP insertion was found in BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6, and DBA/2 strains but not in the 129/Sv strain. The outbred ICR strain had either the IAP-free or IAP-inserted allele or both. IAP-free Adamts13 encoded mADAMTS13L, a protein of 1,426 amino acid residues with the same domain organization as hADAMTS13. In contrast, IAP-inserted Adamts13 encoded a C-terminally truncated enzyme, mADAMTS13S, that is comprised of only 1,037 amino acid residues and lacking the C-terminal two thrombospondin type 1 motifs and two CUB domains. Strain specificity was also confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR and Northern blot analyses. Both recombinant mADAMTS13L and mADAMTS13S exhibited von Willebrand factor cleaving activities in vitro. The natural variation in mouse ADAMTS13 should allow for the determination of hitherto unknown functions of its C-terminal domains in vivo.
Polymorphisms in the <i>STAT6</i> gene and their association with carcass traits in feedlot cattle (2009)

Identification of the genes and polymorphisms underlying quantitative traits, and understanding how these genes and polymorphisms affect economic traits, are important for successful marker-assisted selection and more efficient management strategies in commercial cattle populations. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) gene is tightly connected to IL-4 and IL-13 signalling and plays a key role in T(H)2 polarization of the immune system. In addition, STAT6 acts as a mediator of leptin signalling and has been associated with body weight regulation. The objective of this study was to determine if SNPs within the bovine STAT6 gene are associated with economically important traits in feedlot cattle. The approach consisted of resequencing STAT6 using a panel of DNA from unrelated animals of different beef breeds. Specifically, 16 kb of STAT6 was resequenced in 47 animals and the process revealed 39 SNPs. From the 39 SNPs, a panel of 15 tag SNPs was genotyped in 1500 beef cattle samples with phenotypes to perform a marker-trait association analysis. Among the 15 tag SNPs, five and six were polymorphic in Bos taurus and Bos indicus respectively. An association analysis was performed between the 15 tag SNPs and 14 performance and production traits. SNP ss115492459:C > A, ss115492461:A > G and ss115492458:G > C were significantly associated with back fat, calculated yield grade, cutability, hot carcass weight, dry matter intake, days on feed, back fat rate and average daily gain. These three SNPs were present in all Bos taurus beef breeds examined. Our results provide evidence that polymorphisms in STAT6 are associated with carcass and growth efficiency traits, and may be used for marker-assisted selection and management in feedlot cattle.