gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trellis-Coded Multiple-Access using chirp signalling (2010)

This paper introduces a novel Trellis Coded Multiple Access (TCMA) technique which takes advantage of Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM) and signalling set redundancy to differentiate transmissions from different users. The proposed TCMA scheme exploits modulation with memory principles to provide the flexibility of accommodating an increasing number of users within the fixed time-frequency resource. In the scheme, users are assigned unique, code-based trellises employing distinct subsets of generic signals. This paper focuses on the applicability of chirp signalling to TCMA, even though the proposed system can use other types of narrowband modulations, such as FSK or QAM. Specifically, the MA scheme presented in this paper features the assignment of overlapping, dissimilar signal trellises that efficiently occupy the system bandwidth and allow for (i) user identification and (ii) reliable data recovery. Careful design of a chirp signalling scheme and the trellis arches guiding the frequency hopping patterns is conducted to reduce MAI. An effective demodulation algorithm is developed using the Viterbi decoder incorporated with a parallel, iterative MAI cancellation scheme. It is demonstrated with a theoretical analysis and simulations that the proposed scheme achieves an acceptable bit error rate performance for different system configurations.
Nanogap Array Fabrication Using Doubly Clamped Freestanding Silicon Nanowires and Angle Evaporations (2009)

We present a simple semiconductor process to fabricate nanogap arrays for application in molecular electronics and nano-bio electronics using a combination of freestanding silicon nanowires and angle evaporation. The gap distance is modulated using the height of the silicon dioxide, the width of the Si nanowires, and the evaporation angle. In addition, we fabricate and apply the nanogap arrays in single-electron transistors using DNAlinked Au nanoparticles for the detection of DNA hybridization.
Positioning of rotary pneumatic actuator by passive dynamic control (2012)

The passive dynamic control (“PDC”) is a mechanical system control method based on an inherently safe design. It positively uses a passive element (braking effort) whose characteristics are variable. In this paper, the PDC is applied to a rotary pneumatic actuator. First, the rotary pneumatic actuator equipped with an electromagnetic brake and a sensor for applying the PDC is proposed, and its control method is described. Then, positioning control and follow-up control to a sine curve are shown, and the effectiveness of the PDC for oscillatory movement is examined through experiments.
Rethinking the link security approach to manage large scale Ethernet network (2010)

The expansion of Ethernet in service provider domain requires modification of its service models and management issues. Works are underway inside research community, but their main focuses on Quality of Service, failure recovery, scalability, reliable connectivity, resource utilization and traffic monitoring put security in isolation. As developed initially for a shared link communication, Ethernet lacks security feature. Standardized Media Access Control security (MACsec) provides segment-based security. Its link-constrained feature is constructed mainly for scalability, key-agreement simplicity and traffic analysis, but unsupported multi-segment confidentiality and integrity make the MACsec vulnerable and disqualify it for large Ethernet deployment where switches reside outside of secure premises. In this paper we pinpoint vulnerabilities remained in existing mechanism, and further classify security requirements for unicast and multicast frames. Moreover, we present arguments to support our classification and propose new security approaches using existing Ethernet-based protocols. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our secure data transmission.
Building a Secure Cross Platform Enterprise Service Mobile Apps Using HTML5 (2015)

With countless smartphones and mobile devices being widely used, users can have community interaction, recreation, and can even make a purchase through their mobile devices. Therefore, the mobile network service is becoming increasing irreplaceable and essential to modern people's daily life. That makes the network security of mobile Apps become relatively important. And it is every App designer's biggest challenge to guarantee the security of their Apps in mobile gadgets. Moreover, cross platform mobile app (CPMA) combines the features of Web applications and "native" mobile Apps. On the one hand, like Web applications, CPMA is implemented in portable, platform-independent languages such as HTML and JavaScript. On the other hand, like native Apps, CPMA has direct access to local device resources -- file system, location, camera, contacts, etc. Owing to the above advantages, CPMA has gaining more and more popularity. To sum up, how to develop a secured cross platform mobile Apps to prevent users' personal information from being invaded becomes the most interesting and critical issue. In this paper, we present a security CPMA to provide IT network services developers with related idea and model case study.
Pyogenic Meningitis in Ibadan, Nigeria: A 15-month Prospective Study (1978)

Between January 1976 and March 1977, cerebrospinal fluid samples from 2130 patients at University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria were examined, 130 patients were shown to have pyogenic meningitis. The commonest causative bacteria were Streptococcus pneumoniae (53.8%), Haemophilus influenzae (23%), Neisseria meningitidis (7.7%) and Klebsiella spp. (3%). Most of the infections occurred in very young children: 47% of all patients were under 1 year of age, and 69% were under 5 years old. The overall case fatality rate was 30% (Strep. penumoniae infection 28.6%, H. influenzae and N. meningitidis infection both 20%). All 4 patients with klebsiella infection died. There was a noticeable increase in the incidence of Strep. pneumoniae strains showing resistance to tetracycline, between 1974 and 1976, and this was attributed to the widespread use and abuse of the antibiotic among the general population. Two strains of H. influenzae were found to be resistant to ampicillin; such strains have not previously been reported from Nigeria. The results of the study support the use of a combination of ampicillin and gentamicin in the initial treatment of pyogenic meningitis in Ibadan.
A middleware to support dynamic reconfiguration of real-time networks (2010)

The middleware is an important software component when designing an application, facilitating the development and deployment of the applications. In the case of Distributed Embedded Systems (DES), the middleware should provide basic functionalities to abstract the complexity that results from network distribution, namely data consistency, events synchronization and resource management. Often DES applications exhibit real-time requirements and have to deal with dynamic environments that present evolving requirements. While some middleware architectures have been proposed to address resource provisioning and QoS management, none of those middle-wares supports dynamic resource reconfiguration while providing real-time guarantees. This paper proposes a middleware layer, based on the services provided by a flexible real-time communication protocol, addressing distribution abstraction, dynamic reconfiguration and dynamic QoS management under real-time constraints.
The Indian Society for Study of Pain, Cancer Pain Special Interest Group (SIG) guidelines, for the diagnosis and assessment of cancer pain (2019)

The Indian Society for Study of Pain (ISSP), Cancer Pain Special Interest Group guidelines, for the diagnosis and assessment of cancer pain in adults provide a structured, step-wise approach which will help to improve the management of cancer pain and to provide the patients with a minimally acceptable quality of life. The guidelines have been developed based on the available literature and evidence, to suit the needs of patient population and situations in India. A questionnaire based on the key elements of each sub draft addressing certain inconclusive areas where evidence was lacking, was made available on the ISSP website and circulated by E-mail to all the ISSP and Indian Association of Palliative Care members. We recommend that a comprehensive pain assessment of all the patients should be conducted before initiating treatment. The patients should be educated about all the available pain control interventions. For assessing cancer pain, unidimensional tools such as Numeric Rating Scale, Visual Analog Scale, and Visual Rating Scale should always be used routinely. Patients with cancer pain should routinely be screened for distress and other psychological disorders, using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The most reliable assessment of pain is patients' self-reporting.
Use of statistical models for time series analysis (2005)

The necessity of using statistical models for the development of efficient statistical signal processing procedures is explained with simple examples of the time series analysis. Recent extensions of the use of the concept of the likelihood of a statistical model are reviewd from the point of view of the entropy maximization principle, Particular emphasis is placed on the proper use of Bayesian models.
Unbearable wearables (2019)

As wearable devices play an increasing role in the management of health and disease, adverse skin reactions to wearables have become more common. However, the management of allergic contact dermatitis is challenging and new treatment options more compatible with wearable devices are needed. In a 40-year-old woman with contact dermatitis to a continuous glucose monitoring device, topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% spray proved to be an effective treatment that was compatible with the application of adhesive wearables. This case demonstrates that spray formulations of topical steroids are a good option for the treatment of dermatitis under wearable devices such as continuous glucose monitors or ostomy appliance.
Effect of methylglyoxal on multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

Honey has a complex chemistry, and its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity varies with floral source, climate, and harvesting conditions. Methylglyoxal was identified as the dominant antibacterial component of manuka honey. Although it has been known that methylglyoxal has antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, there is not much information describing its activity against gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we report the effect of methylglyoxal against multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDRP) using 53 clinically isolated strains. We also assessed the effect of deleting the five multidrug efflux systems in P. aeruginosa, as well as the efflux systems in Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, on MICs of methylglyoxal. Our results indicate that methylglyoxal inhibits the growth of MDRP at concentrations of 128-512 μg/ml (1.7-7.1 mM) and is not recognized by drug efflux systems.
Purification and properties of double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase from calf thymus. (1994)

A double-stranded RNA-specific adenosine deaminase, which converts adenosine to inosine, has been purified to homogeneity from calf thymus. The enzyme was purified approximately 340,000-fold by a series of column chromatography steps. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide with a molecular mass of 116 kDa as determined by electrophoresis on a SDS/polyacrylamide gel. The native protein sediments at 4.2 s in glycerol gradients and has a Stokes radius of 42 A upon gel-filtration chromatography. This leads to an estimate of approximately 74,100 for the native molecular weight, suggesting that the enzyme exists as a monomer in solution. Enzyme activity is optimal at 0.1 M KCl and 37 degrees C. Divalent metal ions or ATP is not required for activity. The Km for double-stranded RNA substrate is approximately 7 x 10(-11) M. The Vmax is approximately 10(-9) mol of inosine produced per min per mg and the Kcat is 0.13 min-1.
Effects of Stroke Severity and Training Duration on Locomotor Recovery After Stroke: A Pilot Study (2007)

A locomotor training program combining walking using BWST and manual assistance with overground practice is feasible for people with chronic poststroke hemiparesis and moderate or severe gait speed impairment. This intervention shows promise for achieving functionally significant improvements in walking speed.
VENTRICULAR EXPRESSION OF ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE AFTER ORTHOTOPIC CARDIAC TRANSPLANTATION (1993)

In order to determine if atrial natriuretic peptide is produced by the human ventricle after transplantation, specimens were obtained from 54 separate right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies from 14 transplant recipients (age range 10-19 years) and were analyzed with simultaneous plasma samples. Radioimmunoassay techniques were used to determine plasma and tissue levels of atrial natriuretic peptide in each biopsy specimen, and blot hybridizations with the atrial natriuretic peptide c deoxyribonucleic acid probe were performed once for each patient. Mean plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide were obtained from the right ventricle (106 +/- 12 pg/ml); there was a positive correlation with end diastolic pressure (r = 0.7, P < 0.0001). Plasma levels, however, were not significantly increased during rejection episodes. Atrial natriuretic peptide was detectable in all ventricular biopsy specimens--mean 989 +/- 164 pg/mg soluble protein. Mean tissue level during rejection episodes was 1163 +/- 17 and following treatment of rejection was 411 +/- 147--however, this difference was not significant (P = 0.55). In 6 patients biopsied within 1 month of transplantation initial myocardial levels were significantly higher than those obtained at the following biopsy (P < 0.05). Despite these initially high tissue levels no correlation was found with time posttransplantation. Ventricular tissue levels positively correlated with systolic ventricular pressure, r = 0.3, P < 0.05, but there was no significant correlation with other hemodynamic parameters. The normalized atrial natriuretic peptide messenger ribonucleic acid signal from the slot blot hybridization was 59 +/- 6 mm (peak height of signal intensity) range 20-110 mm. The expression of atrial natriuretic peptide gene was also confirmed by Northern blot analysis. The ventricular messenger ribonucleic acid signal contained a single hybridizing band of approximately 920 nucleotides. Thus, we have demonstrated that atrial natriuretic peptide production by the human ventricle is independent of innervation. The consistent atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression and detection by radioimmunoassay in apparently healthy ventricles was unexpected but may reflect the use of immunosuppressive drugs, or perhaps subclinical graft dysfunction.
Width Provably Matters in Optimization for Deep Linear Neural Networks (2019)

We prove that for an $L$-layer fully-connected linear neural network, if the width of every hidden layer is $\tildeΩ(L \cdot r \cdot d_{\mathrm{out}} \cdot κ^3 )$, where $r$ and $κ$ are the rank and the condition number of the input data, and $d_{\mathrm{out}}$ is the output dimension, then gradient descent with Gaussian random initialization converges to a global minimum at a linear rate. The number of iterations to find an $ε$-suboptimal solution is $O(κ\log(\frac{1}ε))$. Our polynomial upper bound on the total running time for wide deep linear networks and the $\exp\left(Ω\left(L\right)\right)$ lower bound for narrow deep linear neural networks [Shamir, 2018] together demonstrate that wide layers are necessary for optimizing deep models.
Prolonged Colchicine Treatment in Four Patients with Amyloidosis (1977)

The natural clinical course of four patients with systemic amyloidosis was favourably altered by continuous colchicine therapy. One patient had primary amyloidosis, and the other three suffered from amyloidosis of familial Mediterranean fever. All had a nephrotic syndrome, and one showed features of intestinal malabsorption. The institution of colchicine therapy was followed by a gradual remission of the nephrotic syndrome, a rise of serum albumin to normal values, a slight improvement of renal function, and regression of the intestinal malabsorption. This pattern has remained steady during an observation period of 30 months.
Observer design for nonlinear systems with discrete-time measurements (1995)

This paper focuses on the development of asymptotic observers for nonlinear discrete-time systems. It is argued that instead of trying to imitate the linear observer theory, the problem of constructing a nonlinear observer can be more fruitfully studied in the context of solving simultaneous nonlinear equations. In particular, it is shown that the discrete Newton method, properly interpreted, yields an asymptotic observer for a large class of discrete-time systems, while the continuous Newton method may be employed to obtain a global observer. Furthermore, it is analyzed how the use of Broyden's method in the observer structure affects the observer's performance and its computational complexity. An example illustrates some aspects of the proposed methods; moreover, it serves to show that these methods apply equally well to discrete-time systems and to continuous-time systems with sampled outputs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Th2- and to a Lesser Extent Th1-Type Cytokines Upregulate the Production of both CXC (IL-8 and Gro-Alpha) and CC (RANTES, Eotaxin, Eotaxin-2, MCP-3 and MCP-4) Chemokines in Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2003)

These findings suggest that when released into the airways, Th2- and to a lesser extent Th1-type cytokines may stimulate recruitment of eosinophils and neutrophils through the release of CC (RANTES, MCP-3 and -4, eotaxin and eotaxin-2) and CXC chemokines (gro-alpha and IL-8).
Geochemical Surface Exploration for Hydrocarbons in North Sea (1984)

Approximately 350 sediment samples were taken in the central part of the North Sea, and hydrocarbon composition, methane (C1) and ethane (C2) yields, and carbon isotope composition of the methane (^dgr13C1) adsorbed in the sediment were determined. Methane generation or oxidation by bacterial activity can not be deduced from the analytical data. This fact is explained by the assumption of a threshold of methane concentration in sediments below which methane oxidizing bacteria are inactive, and that this threshold was not reached in the area investigated. Background gases in the surface sediments, characterized by low C1 yields and ^dgr13C1 > -37 ppt can be distinguished from thermal sediment g ses which are obviously derived from a hydrocarbon generating source rock in the subsurface. Source rock data, obtained from several wells situated on a cross section through the investigated area, were compared to the geochemical patterns of the sediment gases and used to define profile sections with (^dgr13C1 ^approx -40 ppt, yield C1 ^approx 217 ppb) and source rock properties (^dgr13C1 ^approx -33 ppt, yield C1 ^approx 24 ppb). An assessment of the source rock potential of the whole area under investigation has been carried out using the geochemical data of the surface sediment gases and taking into account that the C1 and C2 yields are generally higher in clay sediments than in sand samples. The number of producing wells was related to the number of all wells (271) in the areas characterized by surface geochemistry as good or poor source rock areas. The comparison showed that the relative number of producing wells is higher in areas geochemically characterized as good. Hydrocarbons in surface sediments of North Sea areas are not generated by bacteria at shallow depth; they are formed thermally from the organic carbon of deep source rocks and migrate to the surface. Therefore they are indicative of thermal hydrocarbon generation in the subsurface.
Loud and Clear: Human-Verifiable Authentication Based on Audio (2006)

Secure pairing of electronic devices that lack any previous association is a challenging problem which has been considered in many contexts and in various flavors. In this paper, we investigate the use of audio for human-assisted authentication of previously un-associated devices. We develop and evaluate a system we call Loud-and-Clear (L&C) which places very little demand on the human user. L&C involves the use of a text-to-speech (TTS) engine for vocalizing a robust-sounding and syntactically-correct (English-like) sentence derived from the hash of a device’s public key. By coupling vocalization on one device with the display of the same information on another device, we demonstrate that L&C is suitable for secure device pairing (e.g., key exchange) and similar tasks. We also describe several common use cases, provide some performance data for our prototype implementation and discuss the security properties of L&C.
Combined Therapy Using Q-Switched Ruby Laser and Bleaching Treatment With Tretinoin and Hydroquinone for Acquired Dermal Melanocytosis (2003)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Acquired dermal melanocytosis (ADM; acquired bilateral nevus of Ota-like macules) is known for its recalcitrance compared with Nevus of Ota, and we assume that one of the reasons is a higher rate and degree of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) seen after laser treatments. METHODS Topical bleaching treatment with 0.1% tretinoin aqueous gel and 5% hydroquinone ointment containing 7% lactic acid was initially performed (4 to 6 weeks) to discharge epidermal melanin. Subsequently, Q-switched ruby (QSR) laser was irradiated to eliminate dermal pigmentation. Both steps were repeated two to three times until patient satisfaction was obtained (usually at a 2-month interval for laser sessions). This treatment was performed in 19 patients with ADM. Skin biopsy was performed in six cases at baseline, after the bleaching pretreatment, and at the end of treatment. RESULTS All patients showed good to excellent clearing after two to three sessions of QSR laser treatments. The total treatment period ranged from 3 to 13 (mean of 8.3) months. PIH was observed in 10.5% of the cases. Histologically, epidermal hyperpigmentation was observed in all specimens and was dramatically improved by the topical bleaching pretreatment. CONCLUSION QSR laser combined with the topical bleaching pretreatment appeared to treat ADM consistently with a low occurrence rate of PIH and lessen the number of laser sessions and total treatment period and may also be applied to any other lesions with both epidermal and dermal pigmentation.