gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CARIBIC—Civil Aircraft for Global Measurement of Trace Gases and Aerosols in the Tropopause Region (1999)

The deployment of measurement equipment in passenger aircraft for the observation of atmospheric trace constituents is described. The package of automated instruments that is installed in a one-ton-capacity aircraft freight container positioned in the forward cargo bay of a Boeing 767 ER can register a vast amount of atmospheric data during regular long-distance flights. The air inlet system that is mounted on the fuselage directly below the container comprises an aerosol inlet, a separate inlet for trace-gas sampling, and an air exhaust. All instruments, the central computer, and power supply are mounted in aviation-approved racks that slide into the reinforced container. The current instrument package comprises a fast-response chemiluminescence sensor and a conventional UV absorption detector for O3; a gas chromatograph for CO; two condensation nuclei counters for particles larger than 5 and 12 nm; and a 12-canister large-capacity whole air sampler for laboratory trace-gas analysis and isotopic analysis of CO2, CO, CH4, and N20. First measurement results of the operational Civil Aircraft for Remote Sensing and In Situ Measurements in Troposphere and Lower Stratosphere Based on the Instrumentation Container Concept (CARIBIC) container are reported.
16nm functional 0.039&#x00B5;m<sup>2</sup> 6T-SRAM cell with nano injection lithography, nanowire channel, and full TiN gate (2009)

Record area size of 0.039 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for a functional 6T-SRAM cell has been successfully achieved with a novel Nano Injection Lithography (NIL) technique and dynamic V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> regulator (DVR). The NIL technique is not only maskless for minimizing entry cost but also photoresist free to greatly enhance pattern resolution, down to 2 nm 3-sigma line width roughness, and without significant proximity effect. Devices with nanowire channels and full TiN single gate for both N- and P-MOS are demonstrated with short channel and simplified integration process. This work discloses a new way to explore 16 nm CMOS device and circuit design, and obtains early access to extreme CMOS scaling.
Measuring Efficiency: The Association Of Hospital Costs And Quality Of Care (2009)

Providers with lower costs may be more efficient and, therefore, provide better care than those with higher costs. However, the relationship between risk-adjusted costs (often described as efficiency) and quality is not well understood. We examined the relationship between hospitals' risk-adjusted costs and their structural characteristics, nursing levels, quality of care, and outcomes. U.S. hospitals with low risk-adjusted costs were more likely to be for-profit, treat more Medicare patients, and employ fewer nurses. They provided modestly worse care for acute myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure but had comparable rates of risk-adjusted mortality. We found no evidence that low-cost providers provide better care.
Optimized beamforming and backhaul compression for uplink MIMO cloud radio access networks (2014)

This paper studies the optimization of transmit beamforming and backhaul compression strategies for the uplink of cloud radio access networks (C-RAN), in which multi-antenna user terminals communicate with a cloud-computing based central processor (CP) through multi-antenna base-stations (BSs) serving as relay nodes. The BSs perform compress-and-forward strategy to quantize the received signals and send the quantization bits to the CP via capacity-limited backhaul links for decoding. In contrast to the previous works on the uplink C-RAN, which mostly focus on the backhaul compression strategies only, this paper proposes the joint optimization of the transmit beamformers and the quantization noise covariance matrices at the BSs for maximizing the benefit brought by the C-RAN architecture. A weighted sum-rate maximization problem is formulated under the user power and backhaul capacity constraints. A novel weighted minimum-mean-square-error successive convex approximation (WMMSE-SCA) algorithm is developed for finding a local optimum solution to the problem. This paper further proposes a low-complexity approximation scheme consisting of beamformers matching to the strongest channel vectors at the user side along with per-antenna scalar quantizers with uniform quantization noise levels across the antennas at each BS. This simple separate design strategy is derived by exploring the structure of the optimal solution to the sum-rate maximization problem under successive interference cancellation (SIC) while assuming high signal-to-quantization-noise ratio (SQNR). Simulation results show that with optimized beamforming and backhaul compression, C-RAN can significantly improve the overall performance of wireless cellular networks. With SIC, the proposed separate design performs very close to the optimized joint design in the SQNR regime of practical interest.
Biochemistry and biological functions of citrus limonoids (1996)

Abstract Limonoids are one of bitter principles in citrus juices. Excessive bitterness lowers the quality and value of citrus juices. Nomilin is considered to be the precursor of all other limonoids accumulated in Citrus and related species. It is biosynthesized from acetate via the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in the phloem region of stems and then translocated to the leaves, fruit tissues, peels, and seeds where it is further metabolized to other limonoids. The citrus limonoid aglycones are then glucosidated by limonoid UDP‐D‐glucose transferase in maturing fruit tissues and seeds. These limonoid glucosides are accumulated in such high concentrations that they are one of major secondary metabolites in citrus fruit tissues, and they play an important role in fruit quality and possibly in human health. Research on creation of transgenic citrus trees that produce fruits free of the limonoid bitterness problem is in progress. Limonoids have been shown to induce glutathione S‐transferase activity and inhibit the formation of certain chemically induced carcinogenesis in laboratory animals. Some of the limonoids possess antifeedant activity against insects, suggesting that one of the biological functions of limonoids in plants is pest control. The citrus limonoids are unique for many species and varieties, and make excellent taxonomic markers. Thus, limonoids are important citrus constituents to citrus growers, processors, breeders, and the consumer.
Ground Texture Matching based Global Localization for Intelligent Vehicles in Urban Environment (2007)

Localization is a critical problem in the research of intelligent vehicles. Traditional vision based methods suffer from reliable problems in outdoor environment, especially in complicated urban areas. This paper proposes a novel approach to localize the position of a vehicle with respect to a global map, based on the texture of the ground where the vehicle moves. Images of the ground texture are obtained from a camera viewing downward fixed on the bottom of the vehicle. Thus, the vehicle actuates like a big optical mouse. Global localization is achieved by map matching using ICP (iterative closest point) algorithm. M-estimator is applied in the ICP algorithm to improve the robustness to noises. Odometry data and UKF (unscented Kalman filter) are utilized to address the local minimum problem in ICP and to improve the accuracy. Experimental results with both synthetic and real data prove the reliability and high accuracy of the proposed approach.
An examination of Australian gold mining firms’ exposure over the collapse of gold price in the late 1990s (2007)

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the exposures of Australian gold mining firms in the highly volatile period from 1995 to 2000. This period has been characterized by significant changes in gold price due to bulk sale of gold by collective central banks. Specifically, the paper aims to investigate several firm‐specific factors that are hypothesized to carry substantial influence on gold beta. Design/methodology/approach To estimate gold beta, we use the following multifactor model: R g , t = α + β g G P R t + β x F X R t + β m R m , t + ε t , where R g , t is the return on the gold stock Index at time t , GPR t is the gold price return denominated in US dollar at time t , FXR t is the foreign exchange return of Australian dollar in terms of US dollar at time t , R m,t is the market return at time t , and ε t is the random error term at time t . Findings The paper finds that the values of gold beta are consistently greater than one, implying the sensitive nature of firms’ stock returns to gold price changes. This also suggests that investors holding gold mining stock would receive higher percentage increases in stock returns from a percentage increase in gold price returns, as opposed to investors holding gold bullion. Furthermore, these values have changed substantially over time with significant changes in gold price volatility. The most important and consistent relationship that we find is the impact of firms’ hedging behavior on their respective gold betas. This is consistent with Tufano's study. It implies that firms, which hedge a greater proportion of their gold reserves, are less sensitive to movements in gold prices. The finding therefore supports the risk management theory that hedging increases shareholder's wealth. However, cash operating costs, cash reserves and the level of gold production seem to influence very little on the firms’ exposure to gold price changes. Originality/value This study is of interest and important to the stock mining companies and investors because the extent of the effect of gold price movements on the stock returns of gold mining companies has significant impacts on returns for both firms and investors especially in their risk management and investment decisions, respectively.
Bistatic backscatter radio for tag read-range extension (2012)

This work examines the idea of dislocating the carrier transmission from the tag-modulated carrier reception, i.e. bi-static rather than mono-static backscatter radio. In that way, more than one carrier transmitters can be distributed in a given geographical area and illuminate a set of RF tags/sensors that modulate and scatter the received carrier towards a single software-defined receiver. The increased number of carrier transmitters and their distributed nature assists tags to be potentially located closer to one carrier transmitter and thus, improves the power of the scattered signals towards the receiver. Specifically, this work a) carefully derives near-optimal detectors for bi-static backscatter radio and on/off keying (OOK) tag modulation (which is widely used in commercial tags), b) analytically calculates their bit error rate (BER) performance, and c) experimentally tests them in practice with a custom bistatic backscatter radio link. As a collateral dividend, it is shown that the non-linear processing of the proposed receivers requires certain attention on the utilized tag design principles, commonly overlooked in the literature, validating recently reported theoretical results on the microwave domain.
PHYSICAL PROPERTY EVALUATIONS OF PERFLUOROTRIETHYLENE GLYCOL DIMETHACRYLATE AS A POTENTIAL REACTIVE DILUENT IN DENTAL COMPOSITE RESINS (1999)

Perfluorotriethylene glycol dimethacrylate (FTEGDMA), a fluoro analog of triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), was evaluated in dental composites. Curing, physical properties, and water sorption of FTEGDMA-ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisEMA) and bisphenol A glycol dimethacrylate (BisGMA) – TEGDMA as well as TEGDMA - BisEMA blends were evaluated and compared. BisEMA and FTEGDMA viscosities were lower than BisGMA and TEGDMA. FTEGDMA has the lowest refractive index and contact angle on silanated or nonsilanated glass. Polymerization studies showed that FTEGDMA did not significantly alter the decrease of C˭C conversion of the various formulations. Further, the experimental FTEGDMA resins absorbed much less water than the control formulations.
Subjective quality evaluation of tile-based streaming for omnidirectional videos (2019)

In viewport-adaptive streaming of omnidirectional video, only the field of view is streamed in high quality. While this has significant benefits over streaming the entire 360 sphere, no standard test method for perceived quality and simulator sickness is available to evaluate the quality of experience (QoE) of such streaming approaches. QoE testing is important as tile-based viewport-adaptive streaming technologies are replacing classical approaches because of significant bandwidth savings and increase in viewing quality. In this work, we propose a testbed, a test method, as well as test metrics for QoE tests of viewport-adaptive streaming approaches. The proposed method is validated in two different test setups, using a specific tile-based streaming technology available in the market. The chosen input variables (videos sequences, resolution, bandwidth, and network round-trip delay) are tested for their statistical significance. We found that our test method is suitable for QoE testing of viewport-adaptive streaming technologies. We also found that simulator sickness scores increase with test duration, but that breaks between tests reduce this effect. With our systematic test approach, it is possible to compare metrics among different test setups. On the tested technology, we found that a typical network delay (47 ms) only has a minimal effect on the quality ratings. Furthermore, the magnitude of the network delay does not influence simulator sickness for the system we have tested.
A 8-μ W, 0.3-mm>sup<2>/sup<RF-Powered Transponder with Temperature Sensor for Wireless Environmental Monitoring (2005)

We present an RF-powered transponder with temperature sensor for environmental monitoring. The transponder gathers power from the ISM (860-960 MHz) band RF signal. A temperature-compensated ring oscillator and an oversampling synchronizer are proposed for low power and robust system clock generation. The simple structure of the temperature sensor is achieved by sharing major reference signals with the ring oscillator. The generated clock frequency has a variation of less than 5% for 1-V supply voltage and 90/spl deg/C temperature changes. The temperature sensor has a resolution under 1/spl deg/C in the range from -10/spl deg/C to 80/spl deg/C. The transponder dissipates only 8-/spl mu/W during the active state and occupies 0.3 mm/sup 2/ with a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process.
Evaluation of outgassing from a fluorinated resist for 157nm lithography (2004)

We have evaluated the outgassing products and the in situ transmittance of a contaminated CaF2 substrate for monocyclic fluoropolymers with four protecting groups: methoxymethyl (MOM), tert-butoxycarbonyl (t-BOC), menthoxymethyl, and 2-cyclohexylcyclohexyloxymethyl. We found little correlation between the total amount of outgassing from the polymer and the decreasing rate of the CaF2 substrate transmittance caused by outgassing adhesion. Although the MOM protecting group generated the largest amount of outgassing products, the most substantial decrease in the transmittance was observed for the t-BOC protecting group. Therefore, the absorption coefficient of the outgassing-contaminated CaF2 substrate appears to be more sensitive to the type of protecting group, especially the t-BOC protecting group including a t-butyl unit. We conclude that in terms of material design of the fluoropolymer resist for 157nm lithography, we need to pay attention to the protecting group of polymers, especially the protecting group including a t-butyl unit, which generates isobutene product during 157nm irradiation.
Impulse burst position detection and channel estimation schemes for OFDM systems (2003)

A new method for compensating the effects of impulse noise in OFDM systems has been presented by Rinne, Henriksson and Hazmi (see Proc. 7th International OFDM Workshop, Hamburg. Germany, p.183-187, Sept. 2002). It is shown that in the AWGN case, the method can effectively cancel the impulse noise. However in the time-frequency selective channel further measures are needed. The purpose of this paper is to present an enhanced channel estimation scheme for the standard method to overcome its sensitivity to the time frequency selective channel estimates. The scheme uses the impulse free pilots to estimate the corrupted ones. Three different alternatives are discussed. Their performances in mean squared error (MSE) versus Doppler frequency are studied analytically. Bit error rate ratio (BER) simulations results are given, in the cases of SFN hilly terrain static and mobile channels. Additionally, results on simple practical impulse burst position detection method are also presented.
Sadness empathy facilitates prosocial lying (2019)

We investigated whether sadness empathy influences prosocial lying. The 139 participants were randomly assigned based on gender to 2 groups according to the event that they read about—sadness empathy priming or neutral—and they then completed a deception game and 2 empathy scales. The results showed that participants' prosocial lying frequency was higher in the sadness empathy-priming condition than the neutral event condition. The perspective-taking component of trait empathy moderated the event's main effect; however, there were no significant gender differences in prosocial lying frequency, and both men and women who experienced another's sadness told prosocial lies to show benevolence. The facilitating effect emerged only in those who had a greater ability to take another person's perspective. The findings indicate that people with sadness empathy, especially those with a strong perspective-taking ability, express their kindness by means of prosocial lying when they communicate with a sad person.
Effect of different storage media on root dentine composition and viability of fibroblasts evaluated by several assay methods (2016)

Soya milk promoted better cell viability, whereas on dentine composition, the solutions behaved similarly. The association of different assay methods is promising for improving cell viability analysis. The 1-h time-point is a crucial factor in the prognosis of dental replantation because the teeth remain more hydrated and help maintain cell viability.
Utilising Facebook to create an online community for PR students (2011)

Facebook allows public relations educators to engage with students in a space where many are already connected. This paper is the beginning of a wider PhD research project analysing Facebook as a public relations educational tool. It explores whether the Monash PR Community on Facebook meets its objective of engaging with public relations students. It evaluates page usage metrics and student survey results to investigate the effectiveness of strategies employed to connect with, and maintain momentum when interacting with students; as well as what prompts students or prevents them from uploading their own contributions.
Nonreciprocal Tunable Low-Loss Bandpass Filters With Ultra-Wideband Isolation Based on Magnetostatic Surface Wave (2012)

A new type of nonreciprocal <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</i> -band magnetic tunable bandpass filter (BPF) with ultra-wideband (UWB) isolation is presented. The BPF was designed with a 45° rotated yttrium iron garnet (YIG) slab loaded on an inverted-L-shaped microstrip transducer pair. With external in-plane magnetic fields from 1.1 to 1.9 kOe, the central frequency of the filter was tuned from 5.2 to 7.5 GHz, with an insertion loss of 1.6-3 dB and an UWB isolation of more than 20 dB, which was attributed to the nonreciprocity characteristics of the magnetostatic surface wave. In addition, the measured result demonstrated power-handling capabilities of over 30 dBm under room temperature. The proposed prototype with dual functionality of a tunable BPF and an UWB isolator will have many applications in RF front-end and other microwave circuits.
CPW‐Fed Slot Antenna for Wideband Applications (2008)

A new coplanar waveguide (CPW)‐fed wideband printed slot antenna is presented, and the impedance characteristics of this antenna with different sizes of tapers are discussed. The effect of tapering angle with the resonant frequency is also observed. The fundamental parameters of the antenna such as bandwidth, return loss, gain, radiation pattern, and polarization are obtained. All meets the acceptable antenna standards. The measured input impedance bandwidth (return loss < −10 dB) of the prototype antenna is 52% (4.27–7.58 GHz). The radiation patterns are bidirectional in both planes. This antenna can be part of various wireless communication systems.
Preparation and reactivity of 3,7-endo-diphenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and reactivity of 3,7-endo-diphenylbicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivativesDaniel Gardette and Jean LhommeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 13, 2315–2318Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01327a072RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (579 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Osteoinductivity of engineered cartilaginous templates devitalized by inducible apoptosis (2014)

The role of cell-free extracellular matrix (ECM) in triggering tissue and organ regeneration has gained increased recognition, yet current approaches are predominantly based on the use of ECM from fully developed native tissues at nonhomologous sites. We describe a strategy to generate customized ECM, designed to activate endogenous regenerative programs by recapitulating tissue-specific developmental processes. The paradigm was exemplified in the context of the skeletal system by testing the osteoinductive capacity of engineered and devitalized hypertrophic cartilage, which is the primordial template for the development of most bones. ECM was engineered by inducing chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stromal cells and devitalized by the implementation of a death-inducible genetic device, leading to cell apoptosis on activation and matrix protein preservation. The resulting hypertrophic cartilage ECM, tested in a stringent ectopic implantation model, efficiently remodeled to form de novo bone tissue of host origin, including mature vasculature and a hematopoietic compartment. Importantly, cartilage ECM could not generate frank bone tissue if devitalized by standard "freeze & thaw" (F&T) cycles, associated with a significant loss of glycosaminoglycans, mineral content, and ECM-bound cytokines critically involved in inflammatory, vascularization, and remodeling processes. These results support the utility of engineered ECM-based devices as off-the-shelf regenerative niches capable of recruiting and instructing resident cells toward the formation of a specific tissue.