gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Evolution of Melanoma Diagnosis: 25 Years Beyond the ABCDs (2010)

Early detection of malignant melanoma remains the key factor in lowering mortality from this cancer. Recognizing the importance of this issue 25 years ago, our group at New York University published in CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians the mnemonic "ABCD" to facilitate the early diagnosis of melanoma. Studies have demonstrated the usefulness of this paradigm in enhancing early melanoma diagnosis as a part of clinical examinations, mass screenings, and public education programs. Approaches to melanoma diagnosis have dynamically evolved during the ensuing quarter century. In the 1990s, dermoscopy enabled the recognition of new subsurface features to differentiate between malignant and benign pigmented lesions. During the last decade, new computer-based technologies have improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity and may result in optimizing lesion selection for biopsy and pathology review. Despite all of the advances in melanoma diagnosis, timely recognition, detection, and rapid treatment of melanoma remain critical. Although pathologic examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis, this cancer has the potential to be diagnosed through noninvasive approaches because of its cutaneous location. From the development of the ABCDs through current attempts that use complex computer algorithms and genetic markers, a clinician's ability to detect melanoma in its earliest form has been augmented. However, a "good clinical eye" is still fundamental to selecting the lesions for evaluation among the sea of those that are prevalent. As current approaches are refined and new techniques are developed, the improved ability to diagnose this cancer will hopefully enhance reaching the goal of reducing melanoma mortality.
Use of N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]amino ethers as capped azomethine ylide equivalents (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of N-[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]amino ethers as capped azomethine ylide equivalentsAlbert Padwa and William DentCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2, 235–244Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00378a013https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00378a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2430Altmetric-Citations118LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Unsupervised discovery of phonological categories through supervised learning of morphological rules (1996)

We describe a case study in tit(', application of symbolic machinc learning techniques for the discow;ry of linguistic rules and categories. A supervised rule induction algorithm is used to learn to predict the. correct dimilmtive suffix given the phonological representation of Dutch nouns. The system produces rules which are comparable, to rules proposed by linguists, l,Slrthermore, in the process of learning this morphological task, the phonemes used are grouped into phonologically relevant categories. We discuss the relevance of our method for linguistics attd language technology.
N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate plug on fundal varix: persistence 3 years after sclerosis (2009)

A 52-year-old female patient with a past history of alcohol consumption (> 100 g/ethanol per day) was admitted in 2005 suffering from severe upper gastrointestinal bleeding with hemodynamic deterioration. After admission, she was treated with somatostatine (6 mg/24 h), and an urgent gastroscopy was performed. This revealed active jet bleeding from a big fundal varix (Fig. 1). An elastic rubber band was placed that initially controlled the bleeding. However, 48 hours later, the area was checked and the varix was sclerosed (Fig. 2) with 4 ml of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Glubran 2). The patient needed transfusion with four red-blood-cell concentrates and was transferred to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). There was no evidence of digestive rebleeding and the patient was discharged after 14 days. Three months later, a follow-up gastroscopy was performed that showed no bleeding, but the varix was sclerosed again with 3 ml of N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate. Over the following years the patient refused to undergo further follow-up gastroscopies, and quit drinking alcohol. She was admitted in July 2008 for hemorrhoidal bleeding and secondary iron deficiency anemia. At this point, the patient gave her consent to a gastroscopic examination, which showed the cyanoacrylate plug in good condition (Fig. 3) and no bleeding. A colonoscopy established that the cause of anemia was bleeding from the rectal venous plexus. During this period of time, liver function tests had improved due to alcohol withdrawal, and ultrasonophic follow-up detected no liver nodes.
Supervised learning based on temporal coding in spiking neural networks (2016)

Gradient descent training techniques are remarkably successful in training analog-valued artificial neural networks (ANNs). Such training techniques, however, do not transfer easily to spiking networks due to the spike generation hard non-linearity and the discrete nature of spike communication. We show that in a feedforward spiking network that uses a temporal coding scheme where information is encoded in spike times instead of spike rates, the network input-output relation is differentiable almost everywhere. Moreover, this relation is locally linear after a transformation of variables. Methods for training ANNs thus carry directly to the training of such spiking networks as we show when training on the permutation invariant MNIST task. In contrast to rate-based spiking networks that are often used to approximate the behavior of ANNs, the networks we present spike much more sparsely and their behavior can not be directly approximated by conventional ANNs. Our results highlight a new approach for controlling the behavior of spiking networks with realistic temporal dynamics, opening up the potential for using these networks to process spike patterns with complex temporal information.
MHC-linked susceptibility to type 1 diabetes in the NOD mouse: further localization of Idd16 by subcongenic analysis. (2006)

Although major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-linked susceptibility is the strongest component, recent studies demonstrated that MHC-linked susceptibility to type 1 diabetes consists of multiple components both in humans and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. In the NOD mouse, Idd16 has been mapped to the region adjacent to, but distinct from Idd1 in the MHC class II region. Establishment of subcongenic NOD.CTS-H2 lines that possess the same MHC class II as the NOD mouse but non-NOD-derived chromosomal region in its adjacent regions, would facilitate further narrowing down of the localization of Idd16.
An ultrasonic rangefinder for measuring the undisturbed surface height of continuously grazed grass swards (1990)

Abstract An ultrasonic rangefinder (sonic sward stick) was developed for rapidly measuring and recording the undisturbed surface height of swards. HFRO and ultrasonic sward stick measurements of undisturbed sward height over continuously grazed pasture were closely related. The measurements obtained with both instruments were related to the sward mass; the distribution of that mass between leaf, stem and dead material had little effect.
UN ACERCAMIENTO TEÓRICO A LA CREACIÓN DE MOTIVOS PROFESIONALES PEDAGÓGICOS EN ESCOLARES PRIMARIOS (2015)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo revelar los fundamentos filosóficos, sociológicos, psicológicos y pedagógicos del proceso de formación de motivos relacionados con el magisterio en escolares del segundo ciclo de la Educación Primaria. Surge como parte de la labor investigativa que al respecto se desarrolla en el Proyecto de Orientación Profesional de la Universisdad “Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz”. Para ello, se realiza una sistematización epistemológica de las motivaciones relacionadas con la profesión en escolares preadolescentes. En este proceso se utilizaron métodos científicos de nivel teórico y empírico sobre una base dialéctica materialista. Los fundamentos que se presentan constituyen el soporte científico de los recursos que pueden utilizarse en la práctica pedagógica para desarrollar el interés de los escolares por la profesión del magisterio. ABSTRACT The present article has as objective to reveal the philosophical, sociological, psychological and pedagogical support for the process of formation of motives related to the school majesty in school children from the second cycle of primary school. It emerged as a result of the investigative labor of the project Professional Guidance in “Ignacio Agramonte Loynaz” university. For this, an epistemological systematization of motivation related to the profession in school preadolescent childen was carried out. In this process different scientific methods of the theoreticl and empiric level were used from a dialectical perpective. The support that are presented here are the basis for the resources which may be used in the pedagogical practice for deeloping the school children’s interest for the majestry profession. KEY WORDS: Formation of majestry motives.
Dynamic and Static Approaches to Quantifying 18F-FDG Uptake for Measuring Cancer Response to Therapy, Including the Effect of Granulocyte CSF (2007)

Chemotherapy and granulocyte CSF treatment resulted in a lower (18)F-FDG blood AUC. The maximum detectable percentage change in (18)F-FDG uptake is less when quantifying via static SUV than via dynamic MRFDG. This effect is small in most patients but may have clinical significance for measuring the response of patients with a low pretherapy (18)F-FDG uptake.
Electrically tunable multifunctional metasurface for integrating phase and amplitude modulation based on hyperbolic metamaterial substrate (2018)

Active metasurfaces, which are tunable and reconfigurable nanophotonic structures with active materials, have been in spotlight as a versatile platform to control the profiles of scattered light. These nanoscale structures show surpassing functionalities compared to the conventional metasurfaces. They also play an important role in a wide range of applications for imaging, sensing, and data storage. Hence, the expansion of functionalities has been highly desired, in order to overcome the limited space constraints and realize the integration of several optical devices on a single compact platform. In this context, an electrically tunable metasurface that enables respective modulation of the phase and amplitude of reflected light, depending on the angle of incidence at the targeted wavelength, is proposed. This resonance-based device with hyperbolic metamaterial substrate excites different kinds of highly confined modes, according to the incident angle. Indium tin oxide is employed to offer electrically tunable optical properties in the near-infrared regime. At the wavelength of 1450 nm, the proposed device modulates the phase of reflected light with ~207 degrees of modulation depth for normal incidence, whereas it shows ~86% of relative reflectance change for oblique incidence of 60 degrees. In principle, the proposed scheme might provide a path to applications for the next-generation ultracompact integrated systems.
Metallo-, Thermo-, and Photoresponsive Shape Memory and Actuating Liquid Crystalline Elastomers (2015)

A liquid crystalline elastomer incorporating a mesogenic derivative of the 2,6-bisbenzimidazolylpyridine (Bip) ligand has been prepared, and its shape memory and actuating properties have been studied. The reversible liquid crystal to isotropic transition is utilized as the switching mechanism for these stimuli-responsive materials. As such, this material exhibits soft shape memory; that is, flexibility is retained in both the permanent and temporary shapes. In addition to the thermal shape memory/actuating properties exhibited by most liquid crystalline elastomers, the incorporation of the metal ion-binding Bip mesogen into the backbone of the network imparts both (i) photoresponsive properties, via a photothermal conversion process, and (ii) metal-ion-triggered shape recovery/actuation to the material. For the latter process, it is proposed that the metal-binding event induces liquid crystalline to isotropic transition in this material at room temperature, resulting in actuation/recovery of the permanent shape.
Longevity Is Moderately Heritable in a Sample of Danish Twins Born 1870-1880 (1993)

The heritability of human longevity was investigated in a sample of 218 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) and 382 pairs of like-sex dizygotic (DZ) Danish twin pairs born 1870-1880. Twin similarity for age at death was significant for MZ twins but nonsignificant for DZ twins. The heritability (h2) of life span estimated from the best-fitting biometrical model was statistically significant but moderate in magnitude (h2 = .333 +/- .058). Heritability of longevity did not vary by gender, and the pattern of twin resemblance was more consistent with nonadditive as compared to additive genetic effects. In addition, evidence for a genetic association between premature and senescent deaths was observed. Although environmental factors accounted for a majority of the variance in life span, the relevant environmental factors appeared to be those that create differences rather than similarities among reared-together relatives. Findings are discussed in terms of their relevance for understanding the inheritance and evolution of human life span.
Quantum cascade lasers, systems, and applications in Europe (2005)

Since the invention of the Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL) a decade ago an impressive progress has been achieved from first low temperature pulsed laser emission to continuous wave operation at room temperature. Distributed feedback (DFB) lasers working in pulsed mode at ambient temperatures and covering a broad spectral range in the mid infrared (MIR) are commercially available now. For many industrial applications e.g. automotive exhaust control and process monitoring, laser spectroscopy is an established technique, generally using near infrared (NIR) diode lasers. However, the mid infrared (MIR) spectral region is of special interest because of much stronger absorption lines compared to NIR. The status of QCL devices, system development and applications is reviewed. Special emphasis is given to the situation in Europe where a remarkable growth of QCL related R&D can be observed.
System-on-chip design of a four-port ADSL-lite Data DSP (2002)

The ALiDD (ADSL-lite Data DSP) is a 4-channel system-on-chip solution compliant to the ADSL-lite (also known as G.lite) standard targeted for central office and DSLAM applications. The single chip can serve four subscribers with 1.5 Mbps data-rate for data communications in downstream direction based on the ITU G.992.2 standard and is targeted for low power consumption. The chip houses programmable DSPs and dedicated DSP data-path units realizing hardware filters executing the equivalent of 1000 MIPS. The fully functional first silicon has 23.4 million transistors, 3.2 Mbit of SRAM and was fabricated in 0.25 um technology.
Effect of Vibration on Pain Response to Heel Lance (2016)

Applied mechanical vibration is a safe and effective method for managing heel lance pain. This pilot study suggests that mechanical vibration warrants further exploration as a nonpharmacologic pain management tool among the neonatal population.
From GSM to LTE: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband (2011)

A new edition of Wiley's Communication Systems for the Mobile Information Society, from the same authorWireless systems such as GSM, UMTS, LTE, WiMAX, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth offer possibilities to keep people connected while on the move. In this flood of technology, From GSM to LTE: An Introduction to Mobile Networks and Mobile Broadband enables readers to examine and understand each technology, and how to utilise several different systems for the best results. This book contains not only a technical description of the different wireless systems available today, but also explains the rationale behind the different mechanisms and implementations; not only the 'how' but also the 'why' is focused on. Thus the advantages and also limitations of each technology become apparent.Offering a solid introduction to major global wireless standards and comparisons of the different wireless technologies and their applications, this new edition has been updated to provide the latest directions and activities in 3GPP standardization reaching up to Release 10, and importantly includes a new chapter on LTE. The new LTE chapter covers aspects such as Mobility Management and Power Optimization, Voice over LTE, and Air Interface and Radio Network.Provides readers with an introduction to major global wireless standards and compares the different wireless technologies and their applications The performance and capacity of each system in practice is analyzed and explained, accompanied with practical tips on how to discover the functionality of different networks Offers approximately 25% new material, which includes a major new chapter on LTE and updates to the existing material including Release 4 BICN in relation to GSM Questions at the end of each chapter and answers on the accompanying website (http://www.wirelessmoves.com) make this book ideal for self study or as course material
CIMT 2016: Mechanisms of efficacy in cancer immunotherapy — Report on the 14th Annual Meeting of the Association for Cancer Immunotherapy May 10–12 2016, Mainz, Germany (2016)

KEYWORDS: antibodiescancer immunotherapyCIMTcellular therapycombination therapycheckpoint blockadepersonalized therapytumor vaccinationtumor microenvironment
Frame Structure Design for Future Millimetre Wave Mobile Radio Access (2016)

5th generation cellular systems will extend the operation to above 6 GHz to meet extreme data rate requirements. This sets new requirements for the air interface design. In this paper, we propose several frame structure solutions from the mmMAGIC project [1], which address the challenges of using higher carrier frequencies. These solutions include subframe structures for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and filter-bank multicarrier modulation (FBMC), demodulation reference signal (DMRS) design, backhauling, synchronization signal design and beam measurement reference signal design. Further research is being conducted to refine the overall frame structure solution.
Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation for bioethanol production using corncobs at lab, PDU and demo scales (2013)

The potential of SSCF is improved in combination with prefermentation and a feed of substrate and enzymes. It was possible to successfully reproduce the fed-batch SSCF at demo scale producing 4% (w/v) ethanol which is the minimum economical requirement for efficient lignocellulosic bioethanol production process.
Detection and assessment of wood decay using x-ray computer tomography (2010)

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) wood cube specimens were exposed to Gloeophyllum fungus (Gloeophyllum trabeum) for increasing periods of time ranging from one week to twelve weeks. The corresponding mass of each of these specimens was recorded before and after they were subjected to the controlled decay. X-ray computed tomography (CT) was then carried out. From the CT scans and recorded mass data, the specimens' corresponding volumes and densities were calculated. Blocks decayed for twelve weeks experienced, on the average, the greatest loss of mass (≈40%), volume (≈30%), and density (≈37%). The observations quantified the well-known effect of non-uniform decay, with the greatest occurring at the surface in contact with the fungi and decreasing to the opposite surface. Wood blocks subjected to controlled decay for twelve weeks lost 47% of density at the surface in contact with the fungi and 28% at the opposite surface, while blocks subjected to only one week of decay experienced over 5% density loss at the surface in contact with fungi and nearly 0% at the opposite surface. While the mass loss of specimens exposed to only one week of controlled decay was difficult to evaluate because of initial moisture absorption, these results indicate that x-ray CT can detect decay in wood specimens exposed to only one week of controlled decay using density measurements.
SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein D614G mutation increases virion spike density and infectivity (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 variants with spike (S)-protein D614G mutations now predominate globally. We therefore compare the properties of the mutated S protein (S<sup>G614</sup>) with the original (S<sup>D614</sup>). We report here pseudoviruses carrying S<sup>G614</sup> enter ACE2-expressing cells more efficiently than those with S<sup>D614</sup>. This increased entry correlates with less S1-domain shedding and higher S-protein incorporation into the virion. Similar results are obtained with virus-like particles produced with SARS-CoV-2 M, N, E, and S proteins. However, D614G does not alter S-protein binding to ACE2 or neutralization sensitivity of pseudoviruses. Thus, D614G may increase infectivity by assembling more functional S protein into the virion.
Cardiopatía congénita del adulto: tratamiento percutáneo de un caso complejo (2008)

Adult congenital cardiopathy is a clinical entity difficult to treat and diagnose. Since 1982 endovascular therapy changed its approach radically (1) and in the last years the design of new appliances and better balloon catheters facilitated the implementation of therapy to a greater number of patients (2). It is the election treatment for entities such as pulmonary valve stenosis (3), atrial septal defect (4) and persistent ductus arteriosus. We present the case of complex adult congenital cardiopathy that consisted of wide atrial septal defect, pulmonary valve stenosis with severe repercussion on the right ventricle, persistent PDA with severe calcification and pulmonary arterial hypertension and systemic essential arterial hypertension that were successfully treated through interventionist endovascular therapy in the Hospital Militar Central, in Bogota.