gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new synergistic effect in the smoke suppression of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) by mixed‐metal Cu(II) oxides (2008)

Abstract In a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) formulation of a commercial type, various mixed‐metal oxides of Cu(II) were effective smoke suppressants when used alone and strongly synergistic for smoke suppression when they were combined. Particularly attractive for smoke suppression was a synergistic binary blend of Cu 3 (MoO 4 ) 2 (OH) 2 and CuTi 3 O 7 , which was much more active for smoke reduction, in cone calorimetry trials, than the well‐known commercial additive, ammonium octamolybdate. In plasticized commercial‐type formulations, some mixed‐metal Cu(II) oxides and their blends were also highly effective for reducing heat evolution. Smoke performance was assessed according to ASTM‐E662 and ASTM‐E1354; total heat release was studied by pyrolysis‐combustion flow calorimetry. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL, 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Phase transitions in ionic gels (1980)

Abstract It has been reported that under certain conditions the polymer network of acrylamide gels immersed in acetone—water mixtures undergoes a discrete transition in equilibrium volume with changes in acetone concentration or temperature. In the present work, the physical and chemical basis of this phase transition is identified. The magnitude of the collapse can increase substantially when a small percentage of the acrylamide groups of the gel network is converted to ionizable acrylic acid. A discrete collapse in volume of up to 350 times is observed in such a gel. The volume collapse is also observed if the pH or the ionic strength of the gel fluid is varied. In addition, this phase transition can be induced by placing the gel in an electric field, Using a mean field equation of state for an ionic gel, the effect of ionization of the gel network on the volume transition is clarified.
Expression of a cDNA encoding palmitoyl‐acyl carrier protein desaturase from cat's claw (<i>Doxantha unguis‐cati</i> L.) in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Brassica napus</i> leads to accumulation of unusual unsaturated fatty acids and increased stearic acid content in the seed oil (2007)

Abstract A cDNA encoding palmitoyl‐acyl carrier protein (ACP)‐desaturase from cat's claw ( Doxantha unguis‐cati L.) was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica napus L. with the goal of decreasing the saturated fatty acid (FA) content of the seed oil. In general, transformation of Arabidopsis resulted in a greater change in the FA composition of the seed oil than for B. napus . An increase in palmitoleic acid (16:1 cis Δ 9 ) was obtained in transgenic lines, suggesting that the 16:0‐ACP‐desaturase cDNA was expressed in the manner originally intended. Other effects on lipid metabolism, however, were observed in the seed of transgenic plants. In Arabidopsis, there was a large increase in the proportions of cis ‐vaccenic acid (18:1 cis Δ 11 ) and cis ‐13‐eicosenoic acid (20:1 cis Δ 13 ), possibly generated through elongation of 16:1 cis Δ 9 . Elongation of 18:1 cis Δ 11 to 20:1 cis Δ 13 , however, was not observed in B. napus indicating that certain aspects of lipid metabolism in the model plant, Arabidopsis, may not apply to B. napus . As well, the appearance of 18:1 cis Δ 11 was accompanied by a decrease in the proportion of oleic acid (18:1 cis Δ 9 ). Although the introduced ACP‐desaturase resulted in synthesis of some unsaturated FAs, the overall saturated FA content was maintained at similar levels to the control or was enhanced. Increased levels of saturation were mainly associated with an increase in stearic acid, which unlike 16:0, is considered non‐atherogenic. The results suggest that a mechanism exists further downstream in oil biosynthesis to counteract the decrease in saturation brought about by the 16:0‐ACP‐desaturase action.
Genetic Basis of the Biodegradation of Salicylate in <i>Pseudomonas</i> (1972)

The genetic basis of the biodegradation of salicylate in Pseudomonas putida R1 has been studied. This strain utilizes the meta pathway for oxidizing salicylate through formation of catechol and 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde. The enzymes of the meta pathway are induced by salicylate but not by catechol, and the genes specifying these enzymes are clustered. The gene cluster can be eliminated from some salicylate-positive cells by treatment with mitomycin C and appears to exist inside the cell as an extrachromosomal element. This extrachromosomal gene cluster, termed the SAL plasmid, can be transferred by conjugation from P. putida R1 to a variety of other Pseudomonas species.
Organic EL materials based on styryl and amine derivatives (2002)

Abstract— Excellent organic electroluminescent materials are needed in order to obtain color EL devices with high performance. We have succeeded in realizing bright and efficient devices with long lifetime in various color regions, based on styryl and amine derivatives.
Protective effects of lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk against chronic cadmium toxicity in mice (2014)

Lactic acid bacteria-fermented soymilk protects against chronic cadmium toxicity in mice by increasing cadmium excretion and antioxidative abilities during fermentation.
The Combination of Cannabidiol and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Enhances the Anticancer Effects of Radiation in an Orthotopic Murine Glioma Model (2014)

Abstract High-grade glioma is one of the most aggressive cancers in adult humans and long-term survival rates are very low as standard treatments for glioma remain largely unsuccessful. Cannabinoids have been shown to specifically inhibit glioma growth as well as neutralize oncogenic processes such as angiogenesis. In an attempt to improve treatment outcome, we have investigated the effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) both alone and in combination with radiotherapy in a number of glioma cell lines (T98G, U87MG, and GL261). Cannabinoids were used in two forms, pure (P) and as a botanical drug substance (BDS). Results demonstrated a duration- and dose-dependent reduction in cell viability with each cannabinoid and suggested that THC-BDS was more efficacious than THC-P, whereas, conversely, CBD-P was more efficacious than CBD-BDS. Median effect analysis revealed all combinations to be hyperadditive [T98G 48-hour combination index (CI) at FU50, 0.77–1.09]. Similarly, pretreating cells with THC-P and CBD-P together for 4 hours before irradiation increased their radiosensitivity when compared with pretreating with either of the cannabinoids individually. The increase in radiosensitivity was associated with an increase in markers of autophagy and apoptosis. These in vitro results were recapitulated in an orthotopic murine model for glioma, which showed dramatic reductions in tumor volumes when both cannabinoids were used with irradiation (day 21: 5.5 ± 2.2 mm3 vs. 48.7 ± 24.9 mm3 in the control group; P &lt; 0.01). Taken together, our data highlight the possibility that these cannabinoids can prime glioma cells to respond better to ionizing radiation, and suggest a potential clinical benefit for glioma patients by using these two treatment modalities. Mol Cancer Ther; 13(12); 2955–67. ©2014 AACR.
Cell Surface Binding Characteristics Correlate with Consensus Type I Interferon Enhanced Activity (1996)

The binding characteristics of a genetically engineered consensus interferon with unusually high biologic activity were compared to the characteristics of recombinant interferon-alpha 2. Both interferon-alpha 2 and the consensus interferon produced typical biphasic Scatchard plots, indicating multiple independent binding sites. The consensus interferon, which exhibited a biologic potency more than 10-fold greater than all other type I interferons, also exhibited binding site affinities greater than those for IFN-alpha 2b. In addition, a larger number of high, and low-affinity cell surface sites were recognized by the consensus interferon, resulting in equivalent numbers of sites at reduced molar concentrations compared to IFN-a2b. Thus, at any given biologic activity, similar numbers of sites were bound by the consensus interferon and IFN-alpha 2, despite differences in their molar concentrations. No differences in internalization kinetics were identified between the two interferons, indicating that the differences in cell surface binding may be sufficient to produce the differences in biologic activity.
Intranasal immunization with W<sub>80</sub>5EC adjuvanted recombinant RSV rF-ptn enhances clearance of respiratory syncytial virus in a mouse model (2013)

Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a ubiquitous virus that infects almost all people by age two and is a major source of respiratory illness in infants, the elderly and others with compromised immune systems. Currently there is no available vaccine. Prior efforts using formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) were associated with enhanced respiratory disease upon viral exposure following clinical vaccine trials. Several researchers and pharmaceutical companies have utilized vector-associated live attenuated RSV vaccines in pre-clinical and clinical studies. Another attractive approach, however, is a subunit vaccine which would be easier to produce and quality control. Our group has previously demonstrated in a murine model of infection that intranasal immunization with nanoemulsion-inactivated and adjuvanted RSV induces humoral and cellular immune responses, resulting in protection against RSV infection. The present studies characterize the immune responses elicited by intranasal RSV F protein adjuvanted with nanoemulsion. Intranasal application of nanoemulsion adjuvanted F protein induced a rapid and robust systemic and mucosal antibody response, as well as protection against subsequent RSV challenge. Importantly, RSV challenge in immunized animals did not elicit airway hyper-reactivity, a Th2-skewed immune response or immunopathology associated with hypersensitivity reactions with formalin-inactivated vaccine. These results suggest that RSV F protein adjuvanted with nanoemulsion may be a good mucosal vaccine candidate. Formulating RSV F protein in nanoemulsion creates a well-defined and well-controlled vaccine that can be delivered intranasally to induce T cell mediated immunity without inducing enhanced disease associated with the mouse model of FI-RSV vaccination and infection.
USE of PHYTOGLYCOGEN EXTRACTED FROM CORN to INCREASE the BOWL‐LIFE of BREAKFAST CEREAL (2003)

ABSTRACT Phytoglycogen was extracted from frozen corn using water and ethanol. the phytoglycogen powder was dissolved in distilled water, sprayed onto ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereal, and dried. the coated cereal was soaked in milk for three minutes and compared to control samples. the coated cereal showed a significant improvement in texture over control samples after soaking in milk. Peak force for control samples dropped by almost 40% after soaking, while the peak force for samples coated with phytoglycogen dropped by less than 20%. Coated samples were also found to absorb less milk than did uncoated samples. Therefore, use of a corn phytoglycogen coating could potentially be used to increase the bowl‐life of some breakfast cereals.
Development of a microelectromechanical system pressure sensor for rehabilitation engineering applications (2000)

Based on computer finite-element analysis ANSYS 5.3 and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technologies, a micropressure sensor was designed and fabricated. The sensor can be used to measure the distribution of normal stress between soft tissues on an above-knee amputee's skin and the contacting surface of a rehabilitation device. A square membrane with dimensions 2400 µm × 2400 µm × 80 µm is formed by backside photolithography and wet etching of an n-type ⟨100⟩ monolithic silicon wafer. On the middle of the membrane edge, an X-shaped silicon wafer was implanted with boron ions and then enhanced by diffusion to form a piezoresistive strain gauge. In the design process, a finite-element method is used to analyse the effects of pressure sensitivity and its temperature coefficients. The developed micropressure sensors, which have smaller weight and volume than a conventional machine type, perform well and fit our design specifications.
Design of powered ankle-foot prosthesis driven by parallel elastic actuator (2015)

To improve the energy efficiency and downsize the powered ankle-foot prostheses (PAFP) but still provide sufficient instantaneous power output, elastic actuators (EAs) are widely used. Generally, there are two kinds of EAs: series elastic actuator (SEA), and parallel elastic actuator (PEA). Both of them can reduce the energy requirement and peak power of the motor in the PAFP by using elastic elements to store and release energy during walking cycles. Researchers working on prostheses fields have been focusing on the design of PAFP driven by SEAs. As a result, several PAFP driven by SEAs were proposed. Compared with the PAFP driven by SEAs, the PAFP driven by PEAs could have more benefits, such as lower copper loss and higher force bandwidth due to the smaller motor output torque requirement. In this paper, we aim at designing a PAFP driven by a PEA. Based on the energy requirement analysis, an energy-efficient PAFP is proposed. The designed PAFP can mimic human intact ankle with the minimum energy consumption that equals to the human ankle net positive work. Besides, with the motor output torque being decreased, the motor peak power of the PAFP is reduced by 64%.
Microchips as implantable drug delivery devices (2002)

A microchip has been designed for use as an implantable drug delivery device. Each dosage of drug is contained in an individually addressable microreservoir. This device has no moving parts, but instead relies on an electrochemical reaction to remove the gold cap off of a reservoir. After the cap is removed, the active substance inside the well is free to dissolve or diffuse into the surrounding solution. The performance of the device in phosphate buffered saline and calf serum has been evaluated using the release of fluorescent dye. The electrochemical and release kinetics are slower in serum than in saline, but pulsatile release was achieved in both media.
Verifying Computations with Streaming Interactive Proofs (2011)

Applications based on outsourcing computation require guarantees to the data owner that the desired computation has been performed correctly by the service provider. Methods based on proof systems can give the data owner the necessary assurance, but previous work does not give a sufficiently scalable and practical solution, requiring a lot of time, space or computational power for both parties. In this paper, we develop new proof protocols for verifying computations which are streaming in nature: the verifier (data owner) needs only a single pass over the input storing a logarithmic amount of information, and follows a simple protocol with a prover (service provider) that takes a logarithmic number of rounds. A dishonest prover fools the verifier with only polynomially small probability, while an honest prover’s answer is always accepted. We first observe that some existing constructions for interactive proof systems can be modified to work with streaming verifiers. The consequences are powerful: these constructions imply that all prob-lems in the complexity class NP have computationally sound streaming protocols requiring a polylog-arithmic communication and space, and that all problems in log-space uniform NC have statistically sound protocols with the same space and communication requirements. We then seek to bridge the gap between theory and practice by developing improved and simplified protocols for a variety of problems of central importance in streaming and database processing. All of our protocols achieve statistical soundness and most require only logarithmic communication between prover and verifier. We also experimentally demonstrate their practicality and scalability. All these problems require linear space in the traditional streaming model, showing that adding a prover can exponentially reduce the effort needed by the verifier. 1
Automatic phase alignment for high bandwidth Cartesian feedback power amplifiers (2002)

We demonstrate a truly continuous regulator of oscillator phase alignment suitable for high bandwidth Cartesian feedback power amplifiers. A new approach to the problem is introduced, which yields a simple nonlinear dynamical controller. Our prototype achieves accurate regulation (3.8 degrees) at the highest baseband bandwidth reported.
Pathogen‐inducible<i>CaUGT1</i>is involved in resistance response against TMV infection by controlling salicylic acid accumulation (2009)

Capsicum annuum L. Bugang exhibits a hypersensitive response against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) P(0) infection. The C. annuumUDP-glucosyltransferase 1 (CaUGT1) gene was upregulated during resistance response to TMV and by salicylic acid, ethephon, methyl viologen, and sodium nitroprusside treatment. When the gene was downregulated by virus-induced gene silencing, a delayed HR was observed. In addition, free and total SA concentrations in the CaUGT1-downregulated hot pepper were decreased by 52% and 48% compared to that of the control plants, respectively. This suggested that the CaUGT1 gene was involved in resistance response against TMV infection by controlling the accumulation of SA.
Extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) for multiview video and depth data (2012)

This paper presents an approach for 3D video coding that uses a format in which a small number of views as well as associated depth maps are coded and transmitted. At the receiver side, additional views required for displaying the 3D video on an autostereoscopic display can be generated based on the corresponding decoded signals by using depth image based rendering (DIBR) techniques. In terms of coding technology, the proposed coding scheme represents an extension of High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), similar to the Multiview Coding (MVC) extension of H.264/AVC. Besides the well-known disparity-compensated prediction, advanced techniques for inter-view and inter-component prediction, the representation of depth blocks, and the encoder control for depth signals have been developed and integrated. In comparison to simulcasting the different signals using HEVC, the proposed approach provides about 40% and 50% average bit rate savings for a whole test set when configured to comply with a 2- and 3-view scenario, respectively. The proposed codec was submitted as response to a Call for Proposals on 3D Video Technology issued by the ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) and it was ranked as the overall best performing HEVC-based proposal in the related subjective tests.
Noninvasive 3D elasticity mapping using phase-stabilized optical coherence elastography (2015)

We demonstrate a novel method for noninvasive elasticity mapping in three dimensions using phase stabilized swept source optical coherence elastography (PhS-SSOCE). By calculating the velocity in all radial directions from the origin of the induced shear wave, a volumetric elasticity map of the sample was generated. Due to the submicrometer spatial sensitivity of PhS-SSOCE, the loading force and the induced deformation amplitude can be minimal, thus preserving the structure and function of delicate tissues such as the cornea and sclera of the eye. Tissue mimicking agar phantoms were utilized for proof of concept testing and the results show that this method can noninvasively provide a three dimensional estimation of sample elasticity.
Computer-Assisted Segmentation of Videocapsule Images Using Alpha-Divergence-Based Active Contour in the Framework of Intestinal Pathologies Detection (2014)

Visualization of the entire length of the gastrointestinal tract through natural orifices is a challenge for endoscopists. Videoendoscopy is currently the "gold standard" technique for diagnosis of different pathologies of the intestinal tract. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) has been developed in the 1990s as an alternative to videoendoscopy to allow direct examination of the gastrointestinal tract without any need for sedation. Nevertheless, the systematic postexamination by the specialist of the 50,000 (for the small bowel) to 150,000 images (for the colon) of a complete acquisition using WCE remains time-consuming and challenging due to the poor quality of WCE images. In this paper, a semiautomatic segmentation for analysis of WCE images is proposed. Based on active contour segmentation, the proposed method introduces alpha-divergences, a flexible statistical similarity measure that gives a real flexibility to different types of gastrointestinal pathologies. Results of segmentation using the proposed approach are shown on different types of real-case examinations, from (multi)polyp(s) segmentation, to radiation enteritis delineation.
Early intermediates in the biosynthesis of ansamycins. I. Isolation and identification of protorifamycin I. (1978)

A mutant strain derived from Nocardia mediterranei N813 was found to accumulate a number of novel ansamycins structurally related to the protostreptovaricins and to rifamycin W. One of the main components of this ansamycin complex, protorifamycin I (8-deoxyrifamycin W), was purified and identified by means of chemical and spectroscopic methods.
Nonlinear inversion approaches for cross‐well electromagnetic data collected in cased‐wells (2008)

We present two nonlinear inversion approaches for cross‐well electromagnetic surveys when transmitters and/or receivers are located in steel‐cased wells. Numerical studies demonstrate that these methods are effective in processing the data without requiring pre‐processing corrections, modifications in the measurement system or the need for any additional information about the casing.
Engineered high-density lipoprotein particles that chaperone bioactive lipid mediators to combat endothelial dysfunction and thromboinflammation (2022)

Abstract High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles suppress inflammation-induced tissue injury via vascular and myeloid cell-dependent mechanisms. As such, HDL-associated bioactive lipids such as sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and prostacyclin (PGI 2 ) signal via their respective G protein-coupled receptors on target cells to promote vascular endothelial function and suppress platelet and myeloid-dependent pathophysiology. Here we have constructed a fusion protein of apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) and apolipoprotein M (ApoM) (A1M) that forms HDL-like particles and chaperones S1P and Iloprost, stable PGI 2 analog. The A1M/S1P complex activates S1P receptor-1 (S1PR1) as a Gα i -biased agonist and attenuates the inflammation-induced NFκB pathway while A1M/Iloprost acts via IP receptor to inhibit platelet aggregation and promote endothelial barrier function. In addition to enhancing the endothelial barrier, A1M/S1P suppresses neutrophil influx, oxidative burst and inflammatory mediator secretion in a sterile inflammation model. We propose that A1M could be useful as a therapeutic to induce S1P and PGI 2 -dependent anti-inflammatory functions and suppress collateral tissue injury.
Speech Dereverberation Based on Probabilistic Models of Source and Room Acoustics (2006)

This paper proposes a new single channel speech dereverberation method, in which the features of source signals and room acoustics are represented by probabilistic density functions (pdf) and the source signals are estimated by maximizing a likelihood function defined based on the pdfs. Two types of pdfs are introduced for the source signals, based on two essential speech signal features, harmonicity and sparseness, while the pdf for the room acoustics is defined based on an inverse filtering operation. The EM algorithm is used to solve this maximum likelihood problem efficiently. The resultant algorithm elaborates the initial source signal estimate given solely based on its source signal features by integrating them with the room acoustics feature through the EM iteration. The effectiveness of the present method is shown in terms of the energy decay curves of the dereverberated impulse responses