gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of sodium silicate on leaching uranium ores with hydrogen peroxide (1978)

Hydrogen peroxide has been widely used as an oxidant for in-place solution mining of low-grade uranium ores with ammonium bicarbonate. Recent laboratory column leaching experiments have shown that hydrogen peroxide--under accelerated flow conditions at least--appears to contribute to a partial loss of permeability, which varies with different ores. However, when small quantities of sodium silicate are added to the leach, the loss of permeability is largely prevented, or even reversed. With some ores, the silicate also helped to stabilize hydrogen peroxide against decomposition.
Scene-independent feature- and classifier-based vehicle headlight and shadow removal in video sequences (2016)

Detection of moving and foreground objects is a key step in video-based object tracking within computer vision applications such as surveillance and traffic monitoring. Foreground object detection and segmentation is usually performed based on appearance. Hence, significant detection errors can be incurred due to shadows and light sources. Most existing shadow detection algorithms exploit a large set of assumptions to limit complexity, and at the same time, rely on carefully selected parameters either in the shadow model or the decision threshold. This limits their accuracy and extensibility to different scenarios. Furthermore, most traditional shadow detection algorithms operate on each pixel in the originally detected foreground mask and make pixel-wise decisions, which is not only time-consuming but also error-prone. Little work has been done to address false foreground detection caused by vehicle headlights during nighttime. In this paper, we introduce an efficient and effective algorithm for headlight/shadow removal in modelbased foreground detection via background estimation and subtraction. The underlying assumption is that headlights and shadows do not significantly affect the texture of the background. We train a classifier to discriminate between background affected and unaffected by shadows or headlights in a novel intermediate feature space. Advantages resulting from the choice of feature space in our approach include robustness to differences in background texture (i.e., the method is not scene-dependent), larger discriminability between positive and negative samples, and simplification of the training process.
Naltrexone and nicotine patch in smoking cessation: A preliminary study (2003)

This preliminary study evaluated the potential efficacy of 50 mg of opioid antagonist naltrexone or placebo in combination with nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation, in a small sample of 32 smokers using one to one and a half packs of cigarettes per day. Addition of naltrexone resulted in an increase in continuous abstinence rates (9/16 for naltrexone vs. 5/16 for placebo). Naltrexone reduced the likelihood of relapse among participants who smoked during the first week of treatment, reduced desire to smoke, and prevented weight gain following smoking cessation. These preliminary results suggest that naltrexone augmentation of nicotine patch therapy using procedures designed to optimize the concurrent use of these two medications may be beneficial for smoking cessation.
Analysis of N‐ and O‐linked glycans of glycoproteins (2005)

Abstract Analysis of glycosylation is an important aspect of the characterization of glycoproteins, which is often overlooked. Over 75% of proteins including the majority of secreted and cell surface proteins that are important in cellular signaling events are potentially glycosylated. The molecular structures and the mechanism of the interactions of glycoproteins cannot be fully appreciated without knowledge of the structure and distribution of the associated glycans. Although glycan analysis still requires some specialized expertise and understanding of glycobiology, the strategies based on HPLC, gel and capillary electrophoresis, and mass spectrometry that are now available allow the analysis to be performed by many laboratories with protein chemistry expertise.
Crystallization and Properties of Carboxypeptidase A<sub>γ</sub> from Porcine Pancreas (1981)

Carboxypeptidase A gamma from porcine pancreas was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate fractionation, autolysis, batch absorption and elution from DEAF-Sephadex, and crystallization. The overall purification was about 32-fold with a yield of 31% and the specific activity of the purified protein was 108 units/mg protein. The apparent relative molecular mass determined by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column was 38 900. The amino-terminal sequence of the porcine carboxypeptidase A gamma was Asn-Tyr-Ala-Thr-Tyr-His-Thr-Leu-Glu-Glu-Ile-Tyr-Asp-Phe-Met-Asp-Ile-Leu-Val-Ala -Glu-His-Pro-Gln-Leu- which was highly homologous to that of bovine carboxypeptidase A gamma. The purified enzyme was characterized with respect to isoelectric point (4.3). Km for N alpha-carbobenzoxyglycyl-L-phenylalanine (Cbz-Gly-LPhe) (20 mM), amino acid composition, pH optimum, pH stability, stability at different temperatures and effect of drying. The enzyme contained 1.01 mol zinc/mol and was inhibited by chelating agents such as EDTA and o-phenanthroline. Among substrates such as Cbz-Gly-LPhe, N alpha-benzoylglycyl-L-arginine, various kinds of amino acid esters, casein and elastin, porcine carboxypeptidase A gamma showed an enzymatic activity only towards Cbz-Gly-LPhe and casein. These data are in good agreement with the substrate specificity of bovine carboxypeptidase A.
Modeling and Control of Electromechanical Valve Actuator (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper recent control developments for an electromechanical valve actuator will be presented. The model-based control methodology utilizes position feedback, a nonlinear observer that provides virtual sensing of the armature velocity and current, and cycle-to-cycle learning. The controller is based on a nonlinear state-space description of the actuator that is derived based on physical principles and parameter identification. A bench-top experimental setup and a rapid control prototyping system are used to quantify the actuator performance. Experiments are conducted to measure valve release timing, transition times, and contact velocities for open- and closed-loop control schemes. Simulation results are presented for a feed-forward cycle-to-cycle learning controller.</div>
DNA Probes for the Identification of <i>Coxiella burnetii</i> Strains (1990)

Isolation of Coxiella Burnetii in the standard laboratory setting is hazardous; therefore most diagnoses are based on retrospective detection of a rising antibody titer to C. burnetti. As a result, this disease is usually undiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Methods for the rapid detection of C. burnetti have now been developed that utilize specific hybridization of labeled DNA probes to nucleic acid in clinical samples. One method detects the presence of C. burnetii 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA); another uses plasmid sequences. We have developed a probe that detects C. burnetii and one that differentiates between Coxiella strains capable of causing chronic disease and those that cause the acute form. Using these probes, C. burnetii can be identified in blood, urine, and tissue samples. The plasmid-derived probes detect as few as 10(4) organisms and less than 1 ng of Coxiella DNA. A third method differentiates between chronic (endocarditis-causing) strains and those that cause acute Q fever. This method uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in which the target regions of DNA are amplified by iterative cycles of Taq I DNA polymerase chain extension to produce up to a 10(6) amplification of the target sequences. When Southern blotting is used in conjunction with PCR, the test detects as few as 2-9 C. burnetti cells.
Image enhancement in projectors via optical pixel shift and overlay (2013)

Earlier work has explored enhancing the perceived resolution of a display by shifting multiple different low-resolution images by fractions of a pixel and overlaying them in a temporally multiplexed fashion. This increases the manufacturing cost and also sacrifices the temporal resolution that can compromise other capabilities like 3D active stereo. In this paper we propose a method to achieve the same goal in projectors by performing the pixel shift and superposition optically by introducing a simple and inexpensive optical ensemble of a set of lenses on the projector light path. This does not sacrifice the temporal resolution and is extremely easy to implement in practice. However, instead of overlaying different images, we overlay an image with one or more sub-pixel shifted copies of itself. Therefore, we seek a single n×n image which when shifted and overlaid with itself creates a perceptually closer to a higher resolution 2n × 2n target image. This changes the optimization formulation significantly and requires solving a system of sparse linear equations. We take advantage of this sparsity and design a parallel implementation of this optimization in GPUs for real-time computation of the input image critical for its practical implementation. But, since this system is more constrained that using multiple overlaid images, the enhancement of resolution is compromised. However, since the optical design is very simple and inexpensive, it can be deployed on a variety of low-cost projectors and still offer a significant image quality benefit.
Artificial reverberation apparatus (1983)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Eise C. Dijkmans, Nico V. Franssen; Artificial reverberation apparatus. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 October 1983; 74 (4): 1315. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.389972 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
H.sub.2 /C.sub.12 fuel cells for power and HCl production - chemical cogeneration (1991)

A fuel cell for the electrolytic production of hydrogen chloride and the generation of electric energy from hydrogen and chlorine gas is disclosed. In typical application, the fuel cell operates from the hydrogen and chlorine gas generated by a chlorine electrolysis generator. The hydrogen chloride output is used to maintain acidity in the anode compartment of the electrolysis cells, and the electric energy provided from the fuel cell is used to power a portion of the electrolysis cells in the chlorine generator or for other chlorine generator electric demands. The fuel cell itself is typically formed by a passage for the flow of hydrogen chloride or hydrogen chloride and sodium chloride electrolyte between anode and cathode gas diffusion electrodes, the HCl increa This invention was made with Government support under Contract No. DE-AC02-86ER80366 with the Department of Energy and the United States Government has certain rights thereto.
Diode Clamped Solid-State Circuit Breaker: A Novel Solid-State Circuit Breaker without Dynamic Voltage Unbalancing Issues (2020)

In this paper, a new solid-state circuit breaker for medium voltage applications is proposed named Diode Clamped Solid-State Circuit Breaker (SSCB). Unlike the conventional medium-voltage SSCBs using simultaneously operated switches in series to block medium level voltage, Diode Clamped SSCB utilizes a novel diode clamped topology to extend its operating voltage. In the breaking process, the switches in the Diode Clamped SSCB are tripped sequentially to interrupt fault current and do not incur dynamic voltage unbalancing issues. After the breaking operation, the voltage across the switches is clamped to the capacitor voltage. In addition, with asymmetric configuration, Diode Clamped SSCB can effectively limit the increase of fault current and reduce the volume of metal oxide varistors (MOVs). PLECS simulation software as well as an experimental prototype have been used to prove the plausibility and superiority of the Diode Clamped SSCB.
Liquid Crystalline Thiadiazole Derivatives IV New Liquid Crystalline Materials With Broad Smectic C Ranges (1990)

Abstract About 50 novel liquid crystalline 2,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives incorporating a carboxylic group or anoxymethylene unit have been prepared. The dependence of the liquid-crystal transition temperatures of this new class of compounds on diverse central linkages, chain lengths, alicyclic structural units and lateral substituents has been studied systematically. Most of the compounds exhibit broad smectic C mesomorphic ranges.
Visual Bayesian fusion to navigate a data lake (2016)

The evolution from traditional business intelligence to big data analytics has witnessed the emergence of ‘Data Lakes’ in which data is ingested in raw form rather than into traditional data warehouses. With the increasing availability of many more pieces of information about each entity of interest, e.g., a customer, often from diverse sources (social-media, mobility, internet-of-things), fusing, visualizing and deriving insights from such data pose a number of challenges: First, disparate datasets often lack a natural join key. Next, datasets may describe measures at different levels of granularity, e.g., individual vs. aggregate data, and finally, different datasets may be derived from physically distinct populations. Moreover, once data has been fused, queries are often an inefficient and inaccurate mechanism to derive insight from high-dimensional data. In this paper we describe iFuse, a data-fusion based visual analytics platform for navigating a data lake to derive insights. We rely on Bayesian graphical models to provide useful rudder with which to fuse and analyze disparate islands of data in a systematic manner. Our platform allows for rich interactive visualizations, querying and keyword-based search within and across datasets or models, as well as intuitive visual interfaces for value-imputation or model-based predictions. We illustrate the use of our platform in multiple scenarios, including two public data challenges as well as a real-life industry use-case involving the probabilistic fusion of datasets that lack a natural join-key.
A superconductive magnetoresistive memory element using controlled exchange interaction (1997)

A memory device that can be switched between the normal state and superconducting state by an external magnetic field is proposed. The device consists of a superconducting/double magnetic (SM1M2) trilayer and is switched in a manner analogous to giant magnetoresistive memory devices. Using Usadel equations it is shown that the superconducting transition temperature of the device changes when the magnetic configurations of magnetizations of the two lower layers are switched between parallel and antiparallel. Appropriate design parameters are discussed and the materials issues analyzed.
Near-Infrared Raman Spectroscopy for In Vitro Detection of Cervical Precancers (1998)

Abstract— In this study, we investigate the potential of near-infrared Raman spectroscopy to differentiate cervical precancers from normal tissues, inflammation and metaplasia and to differentially diagnose low-grade and high-grade precancers. Near infrared Raman spectra were measured from 36 biopsies from 18 patients in vitro. Detection algorithms were developed and evaluated relative to histopathologic examination. Algorithms based on empirically selected peak intensities, ratios of peak intensities and a combination of principal component analysis for data reduction and Fisher discriminant analysis for classification were investigated. Spectral peaks were tentatively identified from measured spectra of potential chromophores. Empirically selected normalized intensities can differentiate precancers from other tissues with an average sensitivity and specificity of 88 ± 4% and 92 ± 4%. Ratios of un-normalized intensities can differentiate precancers from other tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 88% and high-grade from low-grade lesions with a sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Using multivariate methods, intensities at eight frequencies can be used to differentiate precancers from all other tissues with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 92% in an unbiased test. Raman algorithms can potentially separate benign abnormalities such as inflammation and metaplasia from precancers. Comparison of tissue spectra to published and measured chromophore spectra indicate that the most likely primary contributors to the tissue spectra are collagen, nucleic acids, phospholipids and glucose 1-phos-phate. These results suggest that near-infrared Raman spectroscopy can be used for cervical precancer diagnosis and may be able to accurately separate samples with inflammation and metaplasia from precancer.
Automated retinal tracking laser Doppler velocimeter (1990)

We have developed a stabilized, bidirectional, laser Doppler velocimeter with a retinal tracking and beam directing system for maintaining a laser beam on a target retinal blood vessel in the presence of eye movement. Light scattered by moving red blood cells is Doppler-shifted and heterodyned with light scattered from the vessel wall. The light is collected along two paths that are separated by a known angle. The photocurrent signal is stored on computer disk as 89 data-segment pairs. The computer produces a power spectrum for each data segment. The power spectrum exhibits a sharp cutoff at the maximum Doppler shift, f m ax. Δ f max is the difference of two/max values taken along two paths separated by a known angle. Δf max determines the instantaneous centerline blood speed. The system displays a record of blood speeds from a retinal artery or vein sampled at ~5 ms intervals during several complete cardiac cycles. Mean blood flow is calculated as the product of the mean blood speed and the vessel cross section. The ability to precisely place a stabilized beam on a retinal vessel improves the reliability of the measurement and permits a detailed study of retinal hemodynamics.
Identification and test generation for primitive faults (2002)

We propose a new method to identify and test primitive faults in combinational circuits described as multi-level or two-level netlists. A primitive fault is a multiple path delay fault for which none of the single paths contained in the fault is robustly or non-robustly testable while the presence of the fault can degrade the circuit performance. Identification and testing of primitive faults is important for at least two reasons: (1) a large percentage of paths in production circuits remain untestable under the single-path delay fault model, (2) distributed manufacturing defects usually adversely affect more than one path and these defects can be detected only by analyzing multiple affected paths. The single-path delay faults contained in a primitive fault have to merge at some gate(s). Our methodology for identifying primitive faults can quickly (1) rule out a large number of gates as possible merging points for primitive faults, and (2) prune the combination of paths that can never belong long any primitive fault. Our identification procedure also finds a test for the fault. We present a complete algorithm for identifying and testing double path delay faults. This procedure can be extended to identify primitive faults consisting of three or more paths. Experimental results on several multi-level combinational benchmark circuits are included to demonstrate the usefulness of our technique.
Technetium-99m nitrido radiopharmaceuticals with unprecedented biological properties (2002)

The chemical methods for the production of technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals containing a terminal Tc<FONT FACE=Symbol>º</FONT>N triple bond have been established more than a decade ago. From that time, the chemistry of nitrido Tc-99m complexes has provided a highly efficient tool for the design and preparation of novel classes of diagnostic agents, and a number of potentially useful radiopharmaceuticals have been discovered. In particular, nitrido technetium-99m tracers have been developed for heart perfusion imaging. In this short review, the chemical and biological properties of the neutral myocardial perfusion tracer bis(N-ethoxy, N-ethyl-dithiocarbamato) nitrido Tc-99m (TcN-NOEt) will be summarized along with the preparation and preliminary biological evaluation of the first class of monocationic nitrido technetium-99m radiopharmaceuticals exhibiting improved biodistribution properties closer to those expected for an ideal perfusion imaging agent.
Monoclonal Antibody Analysis and Insecticidal Spectrum of Three Types of Lepidopteran-Specific Insecticidal Crystal Proteins of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (1988)

We have investigated the protein composition and the insecticidal spectrum of crystals of 29 Bacillus thuringiensis strains active against lepidopteran larvae. All crystals contained proteins of 130 to 140 kilodaltons (kDa) which could be grouped into three types by the molecular weight of the protoxin and the trypsin-activated core fragment. Proteins of the three types showed a characteristic insecticidal spectrum when tested against five lepidopteran species. Type A crystal proteins were protoxins of 130 or 133 kDa, which were processed into 60-kDa toxins by trypsin. Several genes encoding crystal proteins of this type have been cloned and sequenced earlier. They are highly conserved in the N-terminal half of the toxic fragment and were previously classified in three subtypes (the 4.5-, 5.3-, and 6.6-kilobase subtypes) based on the restriction map of their genes. The present study shows that different proteins of these three subtypes were equally toxic against Manduca sexta and Pieris brassicae and had no detectable activity against Spodoptera littoralis. However, the 4.5-, 5.3-, and 6.6-kilobase subtypes differed in their toxicity against Heliothis virescens and Mamestra brassicae. Type B crystal proteins consisted of 140-kDa protoxins with a 55-kDa tryptic core fragment. These were only active against one of the five insect species tested (P. brassicae). The protoxin and the trypsin-activated toxin of type C were 135- and 63-kDa proteins, respectively. Proteins of this type were associated with high toxicity against S. littoralis and M. brassicae. A panel of 35 monoclonal antibodies was used to compare the structural characteristics of crystal proteins of the three different types and subtypes. Each type of protein could be associated with a typical epitope structure, indicating an unambiguous correlation between antigenic structure and insect specificity.
ChemInform Abstract: CYANOGUANIDINE‐THIOUREA EQUIVALENCE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTAMINE H2‐RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, CIMETIDINE (1977)

Abstract Verschiedene Thioharnstoff‐, Cyanoguanidin‐, Guanidino‐, Nitroguanidino‐ und Carbamoylguanidino‐Derivate (I) werden als Antagonisten von Histamin H 2 ‐Rezeptoren untersucht.
Robust sensing and control of direct metal deposition (2008)

Direct metal deposition is one of the rapid manufacturing technologies to fabricate geometrically complicated, dense, near-net-shape components. Deposition process involves a large number of parameters, among which the laser power is considered as the primary variable. In order to develop a control system for the process, molten pool temperature during deposition was monitored by a two-color pyrometer. Laser power and molten pool temperature form a single-input single-output system, whose dynamics were identified using a linear state space model. A generalized predictive control system with input constraints was designed for controlling the direct metal deposition process. To demonstrate the use of the proposed sensor and control algorithm, closed-loop experiments were conducted to adjust the laser power in order to track molten pool temperatures to the reference values.