gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid deployment of curved surfaces via programmable auxetics (2018)

Deployable structures are physical mechanisms that can easily transition between two or more geometric configurations; such structures enable industrial, scientific, and consumer applications at a wide variety of scales. This paper develops novel deployable structures that can approximate a large class of doubly-curved surfaces and are easily actuated from a flat initial state via inflation or gravitational loading. The structures are based on two-dimensional rigid mechanical linkages that implicitly encode the curvature of the target shape via a user-programmable pattern that permits locally isotropic scaling under load. We explicitly characterize the shapes that can be realized by such structures---in particular, we show that they can approximate target surfaces of positive mean curvature and bounded scale distortion relative to a given reference domain. Based on this observation, we develop efficient computational design algorithms for approximating a given input geometry. The resulting designs can be rapidly manufactured via digital fabrication technologies such as laser cutting, CNC milling, or 3D printing. We validate our approach through a series of physical prototypes and present several application case studies, ranging from surgical implants to large-scale deployable architecture.
Where Are We Heading with Noninvasive Clinical Vascular Physiology? Why and How Should We Assess Endothelial Function? (2011)

There are several invasive and noninvasive methods available to the clinical researcher for the assessment of endothelial function. The first investigations in humans involved invasive pharmacological vascular function testing, which have been used to gain a detailed understanding of the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis as well as novel targets for intervention. Techniques for endothelial function testing have evolved over time from these invasive methods, which, by their nature, are restricted to small studies in the research laboratory, to more standardized noninvasive methods, which are suitable for use in large prospective cohort studies and clinical trials. This paper describes currently available methods for assessment of endothelial function and their potential application in cardiovascular research and clinical practice.
Beat-by-beat monitoring of systemic vascular resistance during head-up tilt for assessment of orthostatic stress response (2002)

A method is described for noninvasive cardiovascular evaluation of vasovagal syncope. Continuous electrocardiogram, impedance cardiogram, and finger-cuff blood pressure recordings are acquired and analyzed on a beat-by-beat basis for calculation of heart rate, cardiac contractility, cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and systemic vascular resistance. In a patient with near-syncopal head-upright tilt response, a 200% increase in cardiac contractility 20% decrease in mean arterial pressure, and 66% reduction in systemic vascular resistance was demonstrated. Comprehensive cardiovascular assessment of orthostatic stress response may improve diagnosis and understanding of vasovagal syncope.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
In vitro reconstitution of Bluetongue virus infectious cores (2011)

Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a vector-borne, nonenveloped icosahedral particle that is organized in two capsids, an outer capsid of two proteins, VP2 and VP5, and an inner capsid (or core) composed of two major proteins, VP7 and VP3, in two layers. The VP3 layer (subcore) encloses viral transcription complex (VP1 polymerase, VP4 capping enzyme, VP6 helicase) and a 10-segmented double-stranded (dsRNA) genome. Although much is known about the BTV capsids, the order of the core assembly and the mechanism of genome packaging remain unclear. Here, we established a cell-free system to reconstitute subcore and core structures with the proteins and ssRNAs, demonstrating that reconstituted cores are infectious in insect cells. Furthermore, we showed that the BTV ssRNAs are essential to drive the assembly reaction and that there is a distinct order of internal protein recruitment during the assembly process. The in vitro engineering of infectious BTV cores is unique for any member of the Reoviridae and will facilitate future studies of RNA-protein interactions during BTV core assembly.
Single-Chip Implementation of Feature Measurement for LPC-Based Speech Recognition (1985)

A single-chip implementation of Linear Predictive Coding (LPC)-based feature measurement for speech recognition, called the Feature Extracting Digital Signal Processor (FXDSP), has been developed by programming the AT&T DSP20™ programmable Digital Signal Processor (DSP) and has been verified by both numerical simulation and system use. For identical input, the recognition distance between floating point simulation and the DSP implementation was found to be negligibly small when compared with distances for word matches. The feature-measurement technique is identical to that used in numerical simulations of LPC-based isolated- and connected-word recognition using combinations of dynamic time warping, vector quantization, and hidden Markov modeling. As a result, the FXDSP represents a single-chip common building block for real-time implementation of most speech recognition techniques under investigation at AT&T Bell Laboratories. The FXDSP performs eighth-order LPC analysis on speech received from a standard CODEC. In every frame period (15 ms) it produces a feature vector consisting of the log energy, nine amplitude-normalized autocorrelation coefficients, and nine LPC-based test-pattern coefficients. The feature-measurement program requires 1023 locations of the 1024 available in on-chip program ROM, 211 of 256 available RAM locations, and 75 percent of available real time.
Induction of Anti-Glioma Natural Killer Cell Response following Multiple Low-Dose Intracerebral CpG Therapy (2010)

These findings suggest that multiple low-dose intratumoral injections of CpG-ODN can eradicate intracranial gliomas possibly through mechanisms involving NK-mediated effector function.
Why are industrial agile teams using metrics and how do they use them? (2014)

Agile development methods are increasing in popularity, yet there are limited studies on the reasons and use of metrics in industrial agile development. This paper presents preliminary results from a systematic literature review. Based on our study, metrics and their use are focused to the following areas: Iteration planning, Iteration tracking, Motivating and improving, Identifying process problems, Pre-release quality, Post-release quality and Changes in processes or tools. The findings are mapped against agile principles and it seems that the use of metrics supports the principles with some deviations. Surprisingly, we find little evidence of the use of code metrics. Also, we note that there is a lot of evidence on the use of planning and tracking metrics. Finally, the use of metrics to motivate and enforce process improvements as well as applicable quality metrics can be interesting future research topics.
Properties of Hydrogen Peroxide Encapsulated in Silica Hydrogels and Xerogels (2015)

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was entrapped in silica hydrogels using the sol–gel approach, and its transition to xerogel was studied by monitoring H2O2 retention as a function of weight loss at ambient temperature. The transition took place in different drying regimes, and the maximum H2O2 concentration was obtained at 80% weight loss of the initial hydrogel. The stability of H2O2 at a higher initial concentration of 33.2 wt % was studied and found to be comparable to the values obtained with hydrogels having lower initial concentrations (10–20 wt %). The release rate of entrapped H2O2 from silica gel was studied as a function of the initial H2O2 concentration, the sodium content of the gel, the pH of the aqueous medium, and the form of the gel (hydrogel/xerogel). The release occurred via a biphasic process, with an initial fast liberation during the first 10 min where 60–70% of the H2O2 was released, followed by a much slower release rate from 10 to 60 min. The release rate was independent of the initial H2O2 concentration but was affected significantly by the other parameters. Thermal stability of the silica gels was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, and was found to depend strongly on the sodium content. The form of the gel (hydrogel/xerogel) did not have an appreciable effect on the thermal stability. Substituting sodium partially with magnesium decreased the gelation time and increased the stability of entrapped H2O2.
Acquisition of lexical semantics through unsupervised discovery of associations between perceptual symbols (2008)

This paper introduces an unsupervised method to acquire the lexical semantics of action verbs. The eventual goal of the presented method is allowing a robot to acquire language under realistic conditions. The method acquires lexical semantics by forming association sets that contain general perceptual symbols associated with a certain concept as well as perceptual symbols of the utterances of the name of a concept. The lexical semantics is learned with the help of a narrator who comments on what the robot sees. The technique works even if the narrator only occasionally comments on what the robot sees. The paper presents experimental results that show that the method can acquire the lexical semantics of action verbs while the robot is watching a human who performs actions and hearing a narration that only occasionally actually describes what the robot is currently seeing. A comparison with supervised learning algorithms shows that the method discussed in this paper outperforms other techniques.
DNA Binding Properties of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor Subtypes on Various Natural Peroxisome Proliferator Response Elements (1997)

The three subtypes of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARalpha, beta/delta, and gamma) form heterodimers with the 9-cis-retinoic acid receptor (RXR) and bind to a common consensus response element, which consists of a direct repeat of two hexanucleotides spaced by one nucleotide (DR1). As a first step toward understanding the molecular mechanisms determining PPAR subtype specificity, we evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays the binding properties of the three PPAR subtypes, in association with either RXRalpha or RXRgamma, on 16 natural PPAR response elements (PPREs). The main results are as follows. (i) PPARgamma in combination with either RXRalpha or RXRgamma binds more strongly than PPARalpha or PPARbeta to all natural PPREs tested. (ii) The binding of PPAR to strong elements is reinforced if the heterodimerization partner is RXRgamma. In contrast, weak elements favor RXRalpha as heterodimerization partner. (iii) The ordering of the 16 natural PPREs from strong to weak elements does not depend on the core DR1 sequence, which has a relatively uniform degree of conservation, but correlates with the number of identities of the 5'-flanking nucleotides with respect to a consensus element. This 5'-flanking sequence is essential for PPARalpha binding and thus contributes to subtype specificity. As a demonstration of this, the PPARgamma-specific element ARE6 PPRE is able to bind PPARalpha only if its 5'-flanking region is exchanged with that of the more promiscuous HMG PPRE.
Dynamic Key-Value Memory Networks for Knowledge Tracing (2017)

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a task of tracing evolving knowledge state of students with respect to one or more concepts as they engage in a sequence of learning activities. One important purpose of KT is to personalize the practice sequence to help students learn knowledge concepts efficiently. However, existing methods such as Bayesian Knowledge Tracing and Deep Knowledge Tracing either model knowledge state for each predefined concept separately or fail to pinpoint exactly which concepts a student is good at or unfamiliar with. To solve these problems, this work introduces a new model called Dynamic Key-Value Memory Networks (DKVMN) that can exploit the relationships between underlying concepts and directly output a student's mastery level of each concept. Unlike standard memory-augmented neural networks that facilitate a single memory matrix or two static memory matrices, our model has one static matrix called key, which stores the knowledge concepts and the other dynamic matrix called value, which stores and updates the mastery levels of corresponding concepts. Experiments show that our model consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art model in a range of KT datasets. Moreover, the DKVMN model can automatically discover underlying concepts of exercises typically performed by human annotations and depict the changing knowledge state of a student.
Structural Insights into Interaction Mechanisms of Alternative Piperazine-urea YEATS Domain Binders in MLLT1 (2019)

YEATS-domain-containing MLLT1 is an acetyl/acyl-lysine reader domain, which is structurally distinct from well-studied bromodomains and has been strongly associated in development of cancer. Here, we characterized piperazine-urea derivatives as an acetyl/acyl-lysine mimetic moiety for MLLT1. Crystal structures revealed distinct interaction mechanisms of this chemotype compared to the recently described benzimidazole-amide based inhibitors, exploiting different binding pockets within the protein. Thus, the piperazine-urea scaffold offers an alternative strategy for targeting the YEATS domain family.
Adaptation of Jet Accumulation Techniques for Enhanced Rock Cutting (1979)

The velocity of a waterjet can be increased when the jet impacts a target material or another waterjet. A theory describing such augmentation in terms of velocity, mass, and energy change is considered. The phenomenon is sensitive to jet structure and the jet velocity profile. Jet velocity profiles do not remain constant over great distances from the nozzle, and ultimately disrupt into droplets. Within the droplet the profile is more regular and the velocity constant. The theory is extended to cover the case of droplet collisions, and experimental evidence of jet augmentation and its effects is presented.
State of the Art Treatment of Produced Water (2013)

The physical and chemical properties of produced water depend on the geographic location of the field, the geological formation with which the produced water has been in contact for thousands of years, and the type of hydrocarbon product being produced.
In re Clark. (1986)

The Superior Court of New Jersey found that appointment of a guardian to consent to a proposed enterostomy was warranted for a 45-year-old patient with partial paralysis and organic brain damage who was likely to die of starvation and dehydration unless the procedure was performed. The court also found that an enterostomy was in the best interests of the patient. The patient was judged incompetent even though he was not in a coma or vegetative state because it was determined that he could not reasonably understand the nature and attendant risks of the proposed surgery.
ConTNet: Why not use convolution and transformer at the same time? (2021)

Although convolutional networks (ConvNets) have enjoyed great success in computer vision (CV), it suffers from capturing global information crucial to dense prediction tasks such as object detection and segmentation. In this work, we innovatively propose ConTNet (ConvolutionTransformer Network), combining transformer with ConvNet architectures to provide large receptive fields. Unlike the recently-proposed transformer-based models (e.g., ViT, DeiT) that are sensitive to hyper-parameters and extremely dependent on a pile of data augmentations when trained from scratch on a midsize dataset (e.g., ImageNet1k), ConTNet can be optimized like normal ConvNets (e.g., ResNet) and preserve an outstanding robustness. It is also worth pointing that, given identical strong data augmentations, the performance improvement of ConTNet is more remarkable than that of ResNet. We present its superiority and effectiveness on image classification and downstream tasks. For example, our ConTNet achieves 81.8% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet which is the same as DeiT-B with less than 40% computational complexity. ConTNet-M also outperforms ResNet50 as the backbone of both Faster-RCNN (by 2.6%) and Mask-RCNN (by 3.2%) on COCO2017 dataset. We hope that ConTNet could serve as a useful backbone for CV tasks and bring new ideas for model design
Specificity in the differentiation and morphogenesis of neural crest-derived scleral ossicles and of epithelial scleral papillae in the eye of the embryonic chick (1981)

Enzymatic digestion followed by recombination of epithelia and ectomesenchyme from embryonic sclera and mandibles has been used to demonstrate that isolated scleral ectomesenchyme is only able to form scleral ossicles if in prior contact with scleral epithelium until H.H. stage 36 (10 days of incubation); that this induction by epithelial scleral papillae is a prolonged one, commencing as early as H.H. stage 30 (6.5-7 days); that scleral ectomesenchyme can respond to mandibular epithelium by forming bony ossicles and that mandibular ectomesenchyme can respond to scleral epithelium by forming bony rods, i.e. these interactions are not site, time or tissue specific. Scleral epithelia did not form scleral papillae when maintained alone in vitro or when recombined with scleral ectomesenchyme and maintained in vitro. Nor did papillae form when mandibular epithelia were cultured with scleral ectomesenchyme. These results, coupled with data from the literature, are used to argue that papillae will only form when scleral epithelia are under the tension generated by normal intraocular pressure of the growing eye.
DNA with Branched Internal Side Chains: Synthesis of 5‐Tripropargylamine‐dU and Conjugation by an Azide‐Alkyne Double Click Reaction (2008)

5-Tripropargylamine-2'-deoxyuridine (1 a) containing two terminal triple bonds was synthesized by a Pd-assisted Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction and was subsequently converted into the corresponding phosphoramidite building block (9) and employed in solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. T(m) experiments demonstrate that the presence of covalently attached branched tripropargylamine residues has a positive effect on the base pair stability. The two terminal C[triple chemical bond]C bonds of modified DNA were functionalized by means of Cu(I)-mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions (click chemistry) with azides such as 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin or 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) both in solution and on solid support. In particular, with the nonfluorescent 3-azido-7-hydroxycoumarin a strongly fluorescent oligonucleotide bis-dye conjugate was generated. For comparison, the N(3)-propargylated 2'-deoxyuridine 2 was prepared from 2'-deoxyuridine and propargyl bromide and incorporated into DNA. The two terminal triple bonds of 1 a allow the simultaneous post-modification of DNA by two reporter molecules and can be applied to almost any azido derivatives (oligonucleotides, proteins, polysaccharides etc.) including those forming dendrimeric side chains.
Changes in the electrocardiographic response to exercise in healthy women. (1990)

Changes in the P wave, QRS complex, ST segment, and T wave during and after maximal exercise were quantitatively analysed in 116 healthy women with a mean age of 39. The corrected orthogonal Frank lead electrocardiogram was continuously recorded and computer processed during bicycle ergometry. With exercise, maximal spatial P wave vectors shifted downward. The Q wave amplitude became more negative and the R wave amplitude diminished considerably in leads X and Y: the S wave amplitude decreased only slightly in these leads. The QRS vectors shifted towards right and posteriorly during exertion and a further shift in the same direction was seen in the recovery period. The ST segment amplitude 60 ms after the J point decreased with exertion and became negative at heart rates above 140 beats per minute, in particular in lead Y. ST segment depression increased with age. The T wave amplitude decreased during exercise and increased sharply in the recovery period. Though mean R wave amplitude in leads X and Y became more negative with exercise, this response was unpredictable in individual women. The exercise induced changes in QRS vectors in women resembled those described in men. Changes in the amplitude of the R wave should not be used for the diagnosis of coronary disease in women. ST segment depression was more pronounced in the inferiorly oriented lead Y than in lead X but it was unrelated to changes in the QRS vectors in these leads.
Text Segmentation of Historical Degraded Handwritten Documents (2010)

The use of digital images of handwritten historical documents has increased in recent years. This has been possible through the Internet, which allows users to access a vast collection of historical documents and makes historical and data research more attainable. However, the insurmountable number of images available in these digital libraries is cumbersome for a single user to read and process. Computers could help read these images through methods known as Optical Character Recognition (OCR), which have had significant success for printed materials but only limited success for handwritten ones. Most of these OCR methods work well only when the images have been preprocessed by getting rid of anything in the image that is not text. This preprocessing step is usually known as binarization. The binarization of images of historical documents that have been affected by degradation and that are of poor image quality is difficult and continues to be a focus of research in the field of image processing. We propose two novel approaches to attempt to solve this problem. One combines recursive Otsu thresholding and selective bilateral filtering to allow automatic binarization and segmentation of handwritten text images. The other adds background normalization and a post-processing step to the algorithm to make it more robust and to work even for images that present bleed-through artifacts. Our results show that these techniques help segment the text in historical documents better than traditional binarization techniques.
CRANIAL ELECTROTHERAPY STIMULATION (CES) IN THE TREATMENT OF ANXIETY AND OTHER STRESS-RELATED DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIALS (1997)

This CES review covers published and to be published clinical trials in the English language and reported to be controlled in some fashion and completed from January 1963 to January 1996. Cranial electrotherapy stimulation (CES) is defined as the application of low-level pulsed electrical current through skin surface electrodes on the head for the treatment of anxiety and other stress-related disorders. A total of 34 controlled clinical trials concerning the efficacy of CES in the treatment of anxiety and other stress-related disorders were evaluated. Overall the results suggest that CES may be capable of producing significant (p<0.05) benefit in the short-term symptomatic relief of anxiety and other stress-related disorders. CES may be effective alone and as an adjunct to other conservative measures of treatment. The primary mechanism of action of CES appears to be a direct effect on the brain followed by secondary responses. While adverse effects were reported to occur in less than 3 per cent of patients, it is believed they are substantially underreported. The short- and long-term efficacy, adverse effects, safety and mechanism of action of CES remain to be established in rigorous, well-controlled clinical trials. Results reported in this review suggest that CES warrants further study. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.