gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serum levels and urinary excretion of mequitazine after a single oral dose. (1989)

Pharmacokinetics of mequitazine, a recently introduced peripheral H1-histamine receptor antagonist of phenothiazine type, was followed up to 72 h after the single oral dose of 5 mg of the drug to eight fasted healthy volunteers. Each subject was treated thrice with a dosing interval of 15 days or more. Thus all the results were triplicated. Serum mequitazine was measured by mass fragmentography using a gas-liquid chromatograph/mass spectrometer set in the electron impact mode. Urine phenothiazines were determined fluorometrically before and after cleaving phenothiazines from their glucuronide conjugates. Peak concentration of mequitazine in serum was 3.19 +/- 1.70 (s.d.) ng.ml-1, time to peak concentration 5.67 +/- 1.68 h, elimination half-life 45 +/- 26 h, and elimination rate constant 0.018 +/- 0.007 h-1. Only 10.9 +/- 3.3% of the dose appeared in urine in unconjugated plus the glucuronidated form during the first 72 h. About 46% of the urinary phenothiazines were glucuronide conjugates. The results suggested that after the oral administration only low mequitazine concentrations appeared in serum, most of the drug seemed to be deactivated by the extrarenal route, and the kinetic properties of the drug resembled those of several phenothiazines used for psychiatric therapy.
One-pot synthesis of cubic ZnSe entangled nanowires and hexagonal Se nanorods (2014)

Se nanorods, ZnSe nanowires and their mixture can be prepared by a single process at different reaction temperatures between 300 to 360 °C. The Se nanorods are generally longer than 1 μm, while the ZnSe nanowires have an entangled structure and have a diameter and length of 15–20 nm and 0.3–2 μm, respectively.
Using high-contrast salty development of hydrogen silsesquioxane for sub-10-nm half-pitch lithography (2007)

When used as a negative-tone electron-beam resist, hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) is typically developed in an aqueous alkali solution such as tetramethyl ammonium hydroxide. This development process results in low contrast. In this work, the authors instead used a mixture of salt and alkali to significantly increase the contrast of HSQ. Contrast values as high as 10 in a 115-nm-thick resist were achieved by developing HSQ in an aqueous mixture of NaOH alkali and NaCl salt. Remarkably, this salty developer resulted in contrast enhancement without significant decrease in resist sensitivity. The improved contrast of HSQ enabled the fabrication of 7nm half-pitch nested-“L” structures in a 35-nm-thick resist with minimal loss in thickness using a 30kV electron-beam acceleration voltage. They noticed a strong dependence of contrast enhancement on the concentration and type of cations and anions in the aqueous developer solution.
Cyclo(His‐Pro) promotes cytoprotection by activating Nrf2‐mediated up‐regulation of antioxidant defence (2008)

Hystidyl-proline [cyclo(His-Pro)] is an endogenous cyclic dipeptide produced by the cleavage of thyrotropin releasing hormone. Previous studies have shown that cyclo(His-Pro) protects against oxidative stress, although the underlying mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we addressed this issue and found that cyclo(His-Pro) triggered nuclear accumulation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2), a transcription factor that up-regulates antioxidant-/electrophile-responsive element (ARE-EpRE)-related genes, in PC12 cells. Cyclo(His-Pro) attenuated reactive oxygen species production, and prevented glutathione depletion caused by glutamate, rotenone, paraquat and beta-amyloid treatment. Moreover, real-time PCR analyses revealed that cyclo(His-Pro) induced the expression of a number of ARE-related genes and protected cells against hydrogen peroxide-mediated apoptotic death. Furthermore, these effects were abolished by RNA interference-mediated Nrf2 knockdown. Finally, pharmacological inhibition of p-38 MAPK partially prevented both cyclo(His-Pro)-mediated Nrf2 activation and cellular protection. These results suggest that the signalling mechanism responsible for the cytoprotective actions of cyclo(His-Pro) would involve p-38 MAPK activation leading to Nrf2-mediated up-regulation of antioxidant cellular defence.
Synthesis-based Robust Low Resolution Face Recognition (2017)

Recognition of low resolution face images is a challenging problem in many practical face recognition systems. Methods have been proposed in the face recognition literature for the problem which assume that the probe is low resolution, but a high resolution gallery is available for recognition. These attempts have been aimed at modifying the probe image such that the resultant image provides better discrimination. We formulate the problem differently by leveraging the information available in the high resolution gallery image and propose a dictionary learning approach for classifying the low-resolution probe image. An important feature of our algorithm is that it can handle resolution change along with illumination variations. Furthermore, we also kernelize the algorithm to handle non-linearity in data and present a joint dictionary learning technique for robust recognition at low resolutions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated using standard datasets and a challenging outdoor face dataset. It is shown that our method is efficient and can perform significantly better than many competitive low resolution face recognition algorithms.
Rapamycin-induced long-term allograft survival depends on persistence of alloantigen. (1994)

In this study the mechanism of rapamycin-induced long-term allograft tolerance was investigated in a rat model. We have demonstrated that the tolerance is strain specific, but is not organ specific. The tolerized rats failed to generate high levels of donor-specific cytotoxic Ab and cytotoxic cells in vivo. Removal of the alloantigen from the tolerized rats with or without concomitant thymectomy could break down the status of tolerance, and the rats regained the capability to reject the grafts and to develop specific cytotoxic Ab and cytotoxic cells. These results clearly indicate that the maintenance of the rapamycin-induced long-term tolerance to allografts depends on the persistence of alloantigens. Mechanistically, we have shown that the reduced IL-2 production and the reduced antigenicity of the graft in the tolerized rat contribute to, but are not solely responsile for, the tolerance. The results of adoptive transfer experiments suggest that regulatory cells or suppressive serum factors are not involved in the tolerance. The fact that the removal of the alloantigen in the thymectomized rat could reverse the tolerance, indicates that there is no clonal deletion. We propose that chronic desensitization due to prolonged engagement of TCR by persistent alloantigens is the major mechanism at the late stage of the rapamycin-induced allograft tolerance.
Varicones and Growth Cones: Two Neurite Terminals in PC12 Cells (2009)

The rat adrenal pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line is one of the traditional models for the study of neurite outgrowth and growth cone behavior. To clarify to what extent PC12 neurite terminals can be compared to neuronal growth cones, we have analyzed their morphology and protein distribution in fixed PC12 cells by immunocytochemistry. Our results show that that PC12 cells display a special kind of neurite terminal that includes a varicosity in close association with a growth cone. This hybrid terminal, or "varicone", is characterized by the expression of specific markers not typically present in neuronal growth cones. For example, we show that calpain-2 is a specific marker of varicones and can be detected even before the neurite develops. Our data also shows that a fraction of PC12 neurites end in regular growth cones, which we have compared to hippocampal neurites as a control. We also report the extraordinary incidence of varicones in the literature referred to as "growth cones". In summary, we provide evidence of two different kinds of neurite terminals in PC12 cells, including a PC12-specific terminal, which implies that care must be taken when using them as a model for neuronal growth cones or neurite outgrowth.
Two‐trace directional filter for processing offset VSPs (1987)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987Two‐trace directional filter for processing offset VSPsAuthors: David W. BellV. Dale CoxDavid W. BellConoco Inc. and V. Dale CoxConoco Inc.https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891964 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InReddit Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891964FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byOver/under towed‐streamer acquisition: A method to extend the seismic bandwidth to both, higher and lower frequenciesNick Moldoveanu, Leendert Combee, Mark Egan, William Abriel, and Gary Hampson6 October 2006An analytical solution to separate P‐waves and S‐waves in the VSP wavefieldHiroshi Amano10 February 2005 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1987ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1987 Pages: 923 publication data© 1987 Copyright © 1987 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished Online: 07 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION David W. Bell and V. Dale Cox, (1987), "Two‐trace directional filter for processing offset VSPs," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 768-769. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1891964 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Oil slick detection by SAR imagery: potential and limitation (2003)

Ocean pollution by oil slicks is a major environmental hazard highlighted by the spectacular accidents of Exxon Valdez, Erika and Prestige. But, these oil tanker accidents only account for 5% of total oil pollution worldwide, 95% coming from wild discharges. In order to monitor and therefore to detect surface pollution, an effective tool has to be found. Satellite detection is well adapted to this problem, and especially synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can fill the lack of pollution survey which affects seas and coasts. Indeed SARs image oil slicks allowing estimation of the pollution risk in coastal areas. On satellite or aircraft, SAR is an interesting tool because, on the one hand, SAR images can be acquired through clouds unlike infrared or optical images. On the other hand, it is well suited to the detection of slicks because slicks modify seawater viscosity, producing a strong impact on short waves measured by SAR. The backscatter is attenuated and oil spills appear as a dark patch on the SAR image. Studies had shown that it is not easy to always detect oil slicks as backscatter depends strongly on wind and sea surface conditions among other restrictive factors. A comprehensive synthesis of previous studies shows the suitable SAR acquisition modes to detect slicks, function of the influence of SAR parameters such as polarization (VV), wavelength (C-band), incidence angle (20 to 45/spl deg/), satellite or aircraft flight direction, waves and wind directions. We present here cases of easy and ambiguous detection to show the possibilities offered by SAR to automatically detect slicks, in order to improve the pollution detection and the drift forecasting in case of accidents for example. For this, ERS SAR and ENVISAT ASAR ocean images examples are shown, applying segmentation algorithms and a new approach with an original method based on ocean surface characterization.
Immunohistochemical and histochemical markers of primary lung cancer, lung metastases, and pleural mesotheliomas. (1987)

Sections of primary lung carcinomas, lung metastases, mesotheliomas, and lung metastases of some rare mesenchymal tumors were incubated with different cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin, and tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA) antibodies and with antibodies reactive with different hormones (ACTH, PTH, alpha-HCG, Calcitonin CT), CEA, carcinoma-associated antigen (CA1), secretory component (SC), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), alpha-1-antitrypsin (alpha-1-AT), lysozyme (lyso), and S-100 protein (S 100). CK antibodies derived from a 49 kD (reactive with simple epithelia [SE]) and a 67 kD CK polypeptide fraction (reaction with complex epithelia [CE] were useful differentiation markers for the four major groups of lung carcinomas. In one half of small cell carcinomas a positive reaction with NSE antibodies was found. S 100 and SC were good markers for papillary and bronchioloalveolar adenocarcinomas, whereas CEA was less important because of its reactivity with different types of lung carcinomas. To discern clear cell carcinomas of lung and renal origin a positive reaction with vimentin antibodies (some renal but not lung types) and with CA1 (no renal but all lung types) seemed to be useful. All hormone antibodies were of no importance as markers for difficult differential diagnosis, because positive reactivities were found in cases from every major carcinoma group. In addition, a Ca2+-activated adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) was found in mesotheliomas but not in papillary adenocarcinomas.
Restructuring Batch Normalization to Accelerate CNN Training (2018)

Batch Normalization (BN) has become a core design block of modern Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). A typical modern CNN has a large number of BN layers in its lean and deep architecture. BN requires mean and variance calculations over each mini-batch during training. Therefore, the existing memory access reduction techniques, such as fusing multiple CONV layers, are not effective for accelerating BN due to their inability to optimize mini-batch related calculations during training. To address this increasingly important problem, we propose to restructure BN layers by first splitting a BN layer into two sub-layers (fission) and then combining the first sub-layer with its preceding CONV layer and the second sub-layer with the following activation and CONV layers (fusion). The proposed solution can significantly reduce main-memory accesses while training the latest CNN models, and the experiments on a chip multiprocessor show that the proposed BN restructuring can improve the performance of DenseNet-121 by 25.7%.
Resolvins in inflammation: emergence of the pro-resolving superfamily of mediators (2018)

Countless times each day, the acute inflammatory response protects us from invading microbes, injuries, and insults from within, as in surgery-induced tissue injury. These challenges go unnoticed because they are self-limited and naturally resolve without progressing to chronic inflammation. Peripheral blood markers of inflammation are present in many common diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, and cancer. While acute inflammation is protective, excessive swarming of neutrophils amplifies collateral tissue damage and inflammation. Hence, understanding the mechanisms that control the resolution of acute inflammation provides insight into preventing and treating inflammatory diseases in multiple organs. This Review focuses on the resolution phase of inflammation with identification of specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) that involve three separate biosynthetic and potent mediator families, which are defined using the first quantitative resolution indices to score this vital process. These are the resolvins, protectins, and maresins: bioactive metabolomes that each stimulate self-limited innate responses, enhance innate microbial killing and clearance, and are organ-protective. We briefly address biosynthesis of SPMs and their activation of endogenous resolution programs as terrain for new therapeutic approaches that are not, by definition, immunosuppressive, but rather new immunoresolvent therapies.
Sensitization by interleukin-lα of carboplatinum anti-tumor activity against human ovarian (NIH:OVCAR-3) carcinoma cellsin vitro andin vivo (1996)

Cytokines are directly cytotoxic to tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, and interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) potentiates the cytotoxicity of a number of clinically active drugs in several human tumor cells, including carcinomas of the breast and ovary. In this study, we found that IL-1alpha potentiated the cytotoxicity of carboplatin in human ovarian NIH:OVCAR-3 cancer cells during simultaneous drug exposure in vitro. Human ovarian carcinoma NIH:OVCAR-3 cells are resistant to clinically relevant concentrations of chemotherapeutic agents, including cisplatin. Both carboplatin and IL-1alpha as single agents inhibited the growth of NIH:OVCAR-3 cells grown as xenograft in nude mice; however, carboplatin was more effective in delaying tumor growth, and this inhibition was dose-dependent. Treatment with IL-1alpha followed by carboplatin caused a significant delay in tumor growth, resulting in a significant enhancement (4-fold) of the anti-tumor effect of carboplatin. In vitro potentiation of carboplatin cytotoxicity by IL-1alpha did not involve formation of nitric oxide as IL-1 or combinations of IL-1 with carboplatin failed to modulate basal nitric oxide production in OVCAR-3 cells. Potentiation of the anti-tumor activity of carboplatin by IL-1alpha was due to a significant (3- to 4-fold) increase in the accumulation of total Pt in IL-1-treated tumor xenograft, resulting in a 2-fold increase in DNA-Pt adduct formation in these tumors. In contrast, IL-1alpha had no significant effect on DNA-Pt adduct formation in the kidney. The potent synergy of IL-1alpha and carboplatin in vitro and in vivo against ovarian carcinoma cells suggests that combinations of carboplatinum and interleukin-1alpha may be effective against this disease in the clinic.
Analysis of the temperature dependence of hot-carrier-induced degradation in bipolar transistors for Bi-CMOS (1994)

The temperature dependence of emitter-base reverse stress degradation in bipolar transistors for Bi-CMOS circuits was studied. A suitable measure of degradation in the operating temperature range was chosen after careful consideration of the fact that bipolar transistor characteristics are very sensitive to temperature changes. The worst-case temperature conditions within the transistors' operating range were determined. Degradation was found to be worst at around 50/spl deg/C-a result of a tradeoff between thermal recovery from degradation and the effects of bandgap narrowing on bipolar characteristics. The recovery phenomena which had taken place after degradation were also investigated in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Context Dependent Thresholding and Filter Selection for Optical Character Recognition (2012)

Thresholding algorithms and filters are of great importance when utilizing OCR to extract information from text documents such as invoices. Invoice documents vary greatly and since the performance of image processing methods when applied to those documents will vary accordingly, selecting appropriate methods is critical if a high recognition rate is to be obtained. This paper aims to determine if a document recognition system that automatically selects optimal processing methods, based on the characteristics of input images, will yield a higher recognition rate than what can be achieved by a manual choice. Such a recognition system, including a learning framework for selecting optimal thresholding algorithms and filters, was developed and evaluated. It was established that an automatic selection will ensure a high recognition rate when applied to a set of arbitrary invoice images by successfully adapting and avoiding the methods that yield poor recognition rates.
Cover Picture: Revealing Atropisomer Axial Chirality in Drug Discovery (ChemMedChem 3/2011) (2011)

The cover picture shows that an atropisomeric drug dosed as a single enantiomer can racemize as a result of axial rotation along a hindered bond. Atropisomerism is an often overlooked source of chirality that has the potential to complicate the drug discovery process and cause late-stage attrition from clinical development. However, if detected early and managed properly, atropisomeric compounds can be developed as drugs. For more details, see the Full Paper by Steven R. LaPlante, Oliver Hucke, et al. on p. 505 ff. Background: Vitruvian Man by Leonardo da Vinci (pen and ink on paper; ca. 1487), stored at the Gallerie dell'Accademia (Venice, Italy).
Stability Analysis and Reinforcement of a High‐Steep Rock Slope with Faults: Numerical Analysis and Field Monitoring (2019)

This study presents a stability analysis of a high‐steep rock slope with two faults during excavations and evaluates the effectiveness of a proposed reinforcement method using prestressed anchor cables. A 3D finite difference model was established based on the strength reduction method using FLAC3D software. The influence of various fault conditions and the effectiveness of the reinforcement on the slope stability during the excavation process were analyzed and compared to field monitoring data. The numerical analysis and field monitoring results showed that the fault close to the slope surface (f20) was prone to the local instability under external forces caused by the excavation, but a fault further away from the slope surface (f14) had insignificant influence on the stability of the slope. Based on the numerical analysis results, the proposed reinforcement measure can increase the factor of safety (FOS) of the slope by 19.2%. The field monitoring data also showed that the displacement of the monitoring point gradually decreased after the reinforcement, and the deformation of the slope was effectively controlled.
Development of a Device for Measurement of Multi-Directional Isometric Trunk Kinetics in a Seated Position (2014)

Trunk torque is typically quantified in a single plane. This is not ideal since any unmeasured coupled trunk kinetics in other directions, than the intended one, could affect the accuracy and reliability of the strength measurements as well as the ability to corroborate findings with electromyographic recordings. Therefore, an isometric device that simultaneously records trunk kinetics across planes has been developed to aid in the research of trunk control in both the healthy or impaired populations. This device utilizes a six degree-of-freedom load cell and custom designed frame to attach individuals while in the sitting position. The performance of the device was tested in six healthy controls and while using two protocols. The device was able to detect coupled trunk kinetics during maximum lateral flexion and axial twisting torque generation. It also allowed the implementation of a multi-axis isometric protocol showing that subjects were able to generate larger amounts of axial torque during sub-maximal trunk extension compared to sub-maximal trunk flexion. In conclusion, the device and mechanical transformations discussed in this article will aid in the interpretation of multi-directional isometric trunk kinetics in a wide range of populations.
An improved stereophonic coding scheme compatible to the ISO/MPEG audio coding algorithm (1992)

Stereophonic coding has been applied to the ISO/MPEG audio coding algorithm to improve the quality of stereo signals at very low bit rates. While reasonable quality has been achieved at bit rates of 2*64 kbit/s or lower, it was found that the proposed scheme could not achieve consistent good quality sounds for all types of audio signals. An improved stereophonic coding scheme is presented. This improved scheme employs the use of error minimisation and power equalization to obtain the improvements. Simulations of the scheme at a bit rate of 128 kbit per stereophonic channel produced a significant improvement in the quality of the audio over the original scheme. A quality that is close to transparency can be obtained at a bit rate of 128 kbit/s.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>