gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New In Situ Coaxial Capacitive Sensor Network for Debris Monitoring of Lubricating Oil (2022)

Wear debris monitoring of lubricant oil is an important method to determine the health and failure mode of key components such as bearings and gears in rotatory machines. The permittivity of lubricant oil can be changed when the wear debris enters the oil. Capacitive sensing methods showed potential in monitoring debris in lubricant due to the simple structure and good response. In order to improve the detection sensitivity and reliability, this study proposes a new coaxial capacitive sensor network featured with parallel curved electrodes and non-parallel plane electrodes. As a kind of through-flow sensor, the proposed capacitive sensor network can be in situ integrated into the oil pipeline. The theoretical models of sensing mechanisms were established to figure out the relationship between the two types of capacitive sensors in the sensor network. The intensity distributions of the electric field in the coaxial capacitive sensor network are simulated to verify the theoretical analysis, and the effects of different debris sizes and debris numbers on the capacitance values were also simulated. Finally, the theoretical model and simulation results were experimentally validated to verify the feasibility of the proposed sensor network.
Crystalline Oxides on Silicon: The First Five Monolayers (1998)

The long-standing problem of growing a commensurate crystalline oxide interface with silicon has been solved. Alkaline earth and perovskite oxides can be grown in perfect registry on the (001) face of silicon, totally avoiding the amorphous silica phase that ordinarily forms when silicon is exposed to an oxygen containing environment. The physics of the heteroepitaxy lies in establishing a sequenced transition that uniquely addresses the thermodynamics of a layer-by-layer energy minimization at the interface. A metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor using $\mathrm{SrTiO}{}_{3}$ as an alternative to $\mathrm{SiO}{}_{2}$ yields the extraordinary result of ${t}_{\mathrm{eq}}<10\AA{}$.
Propagating modes in subwavelength cylindrical holes (2005)

We analyze subwavelength cylindrical holes in an optically thick metallic film with the metal described by a plasmonic model. We emphasize that such holes always support propagating modes near the surface plasmon frequency, regardless of how small the holes are. Based on this analysis, we design both single holes and hole arrays in which propagating modes play a dominant role in the transport properties of incident light. These structures exhibit a region of operation that to the best of our knowledge has not been probed yet experimentally, while featuring a high packing density and diffraction-less behavior.
Odour quality discrimination for behavioural antagonist compounds in three tortricid species (2008)

Abstract The antennal and behavioural response of three tortricid species (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) to their corresponding sex pheromones and known or putative behavioural antagonists was tested by electroantennography and in field trials. The species and their pheromones and known or proposed behavioural antagonist were lightbrown apple moth, Epiphyas postvittana (Walker) [pheromone: 95% ( E )‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (E11‐14Ac) and 5% ( E , E )‐9,11‐tetradecadienyl acetate (E9E11‐14Ac); antagonist: ( Z )‐11‐tetradecenyl acetate (Z11‐14Ac)], codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.) [pheromone: ( E , E )‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone); antagonist: ( E , E )‐8,10‐dodecadienyl acetate (codlemone acetate)], and gorse pod moth, Cydia ulicetana (Haworth) [pheromone: ( E , E )‐8,10‐dodecadienyl acetate (codlemone acetate); putative antagonist: ( E , E )‐8,10‐dodecadien‐1‐ol (codlemone)]. In all three species, the antennal response to the antagonists was not significantly different from the antennal response to con‐specific sex pheromone compounds. In the field trapping experiments, significantly fewer males of all three species were attracted to the respective pheromone when blended with the behavioural antagonist compound. However, this response varied between the species, with lightbrown apple moth and codling moth showing stronger responses to the antagonist compounds than gorse pod moth. Both lightbrown apple moth and codling moth males were able to discriminate between pure pheromone and pheromone blended with the antagonist when placed in traps side‐by‐side separated by ca. 10 cm. The presence of the behavioural antagonist not only affected the catch of males of both species within their own traps but also affected the catch in the neighbouring trap that contained con‐specific sex pheromone; the catch of gorse pod moth was not reduced by the presence of codlemone in the neighbouring trap. These results suggest that strong behavioural antagonists such as codlemone acetate for codling moth and Z11‐14Ac for lightbrown apple moth induce their inhibition effect at a substantial distance downwind from the odour source; however, most of those males that were able to overcome this inhibition effect at the early stage of orientation to odour source, were able to discriminate between the pheromone source and the pheromone source admixed with behavioural antagonist. Moderate behavioural antagonists such as codlemone for gorse pod moth did not elicit a discrimination effect.
Methodology to Develop Geometric Modeling of Accurate Drilled Cooling Holes on Turbine Blades (2017)

Film cooling is one of most developed technologies which enhance the gas turbine blades operation in today’s high-thrust-to-weight-ratio gas engines. The determination of the accurate cooling holes of turbine blades is of vital importance to improving the cooling performance. However, in all current methods for manufacturing drilled cooling holes on turbine blades, the complexity of the production processes will ineluctably cause unexpected consequences such as the deformation of the turbomachinery parts, the locating error caused by fixture layouts. These issues will cause deviations in the geometry and position of the drilled holes. In this paper, a methodology is proposed to analyze the deviation and to establish an improved geometric model of drilled cooling holes with accurate positional and geometrical parameters on turbine blades. The discontinuous deformation, including the non-uniform wall thickness and shrinkage distribution, was established by deformation characteristics decoupling analysis; the surface error generated by locating error was obtained using locating error analysis. An accurate model for film cooling holes can be established by considering the process-induced deviations in geometry and positioning. The relevance of the proposed method is verified using numerical and experimental results.
Using asphaltenes as filler in methyl methacrylate polymer composites (2016)

In this study, synthesis of composites based on methyl methacrylate (MMA)-asphaltenes matrix was investigated with different amounts of Arabian heavy asphaltenes. The in situ polymerization technique was used with dispersion of the asphaltene molecules into the MMA monomer mixture. Thermal degradation characteristics of the composites formed were measured with TGA and glass transition temperature was measured with DSC. In addition, the viscoelastic properties of the composites were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis. It was found that the thermal stability and viscoelastic properties of the MMA composites formed were significantly improved with the addition of asphaltene as filler.
Micellar clug for oil recovery (1985)

A micellar slug for use in the recovery of oil, the slug containing a hydrocarbon, an aqueous medium, a surfactant, and a cosurfactant. The surfactant contains as essential components at least one alpha-olefin sulfonate having 10 to 30 carbon atoms and at least one ethoxylate selected from the group consisting of polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ethers in a weight ratio. The micro-emulsion can be formed from this micellar slug in a wide composition range. Furthermore, this micellar slug has an excellent salinity tolerance and hard-water resistance.
Reconstruction Algorithm for Fan Beam with a Displaced Center-of-Rotation (1986)

A convolutional backprojection algorithm is derived for a fan beam geometry that has its center-of-rotation displaced from the midline of the fan beam. In single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), where a transaxial converging collimator is used with a rotating gamma camera, it is difficult to precisely align the collimator so that the mechanical center-of-rotation is colinear with the midline of the fan beam. A displacement of the center-of-rotation can also occur in X-ray CT when the X-ray source is mispositioned. Standard reconstruction algorithms which directly filter and backproject the fan beam data without rebinning into parallel beam geometry have been derived for a geometry having its center-of-rotation at the midline of the fan beam. However, in the case of a misalignment of the center-of-rotation, if these conventional reconstruction algorithms are used to reconstruct the fan beam projections, structured artifacts and a loss of resolution will result. We illustrate these artifacts with simulations and demonstrate how the news algorithm corrects for this misalignment. We also show a method to estimate the parameters of the fan beam geometry including the shift in the center-of-rotation.
Gravity Compensation Technique Uses Small dc Motor (1988)

Small dc servomotor powered by simple constant-current source and with suitable gearing used to cancel effect of gravity upon load. Lead-screw positioning system has load counterbalanced by small supplementary motor powered by constant current source. Motor lighter and more compact alternative to counterbalance. Used in variety of mechanical systems where load positioned or accelerated in vertical plane.
Getting it Right the First Time: Relating Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Target Attainment and Patient Outcomes (2017)

Abstract Background The importance of delivering appropriate therapy to patients at the onset of treatment is well established. However, this goal is easier said than done given the complexity and uniqueness of each patient case. Nonetheless, treatment decisions driven by pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) can account for patient variability and assist in selecting patient-specific therapies. Using data obtained from electronic decision support software (EDSS), we evaluated the relationship between the probability of PK-PD target attainment (PTA) and patient outcomes. Methods Data obtained over a 20-month period from an EDSS were evaluated and included: (1) patient demographics; (2) infection type; (3) pathogen; (4) clinician-selected antimicrobials; (4) pathogen susceptibility; (5) clinician-provided early and late outcomes. Data calculated by the EDSS included the PTA for all evaluated antimicrobial regimens. Using logistic regression, relationships between the probability of PTA and clinical improvement and clinical success at 48 hours and Days 7–10, respectively, were assessed. Results Data for 121 patient cases with various infection types were available. The most common pathogens reported were MRSA (14.9%) and K. pneumoniae (14.9%). Overall, 76.3% of patients demonstrated clinical improvement at 48 hours while 70.3% of patients demonstrated clinical success at Days 7–10. Based on the relationship between the probability of PTA and clinical improvement at 48 hours (Figure 1), for every 10% increase in PTA, patients were 1.74 times more likely to demonstrate clinical improvement (OR [95% CI] 1.74 [1.28–2.37], P &lt; 0.001). At Days 7–10 (Figure 2), patients were 1.82 times more likely to have a successful response (OR [95% CI] 1.82 [1.29–2.58], p &lt; 0.001). Based on these relationships, the predicted percent probability of a positive outcome at 48 hours and Days 7–10 for an initial treatment regimen with PTA of 90% was 77.2% and 76.1%, respectively. Conclusion Statistically significant positive relationships between PTA and clinical outcomes at 48 hours and Days 7–10 were identified. These data demonstrate the value of PK-PD in dosing regimen selection and provide a path toward delivering appropriate initial therapy to optimize patient outcomes. Disclosures S. M. Bhavnani, ICPD Technologies: Shareholder, stock options; C. M. Rubino, ICPD Technologies: Shareholder, stock options; P. G. Ambrose, ICPD Technologies: Shareholder, stock options
IL-23 and IL-17 in pathogenesis of experimental ocular autoimmunity: requirement for IL–23 may extend beyond its role in sustaining the IL-17 effector response (129.26) (2007)

Abstract Experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) represents autoimmune uveitis in humans. Here we examined the role of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway in EAU. We immunized IL-23p19, IL-12p35, IL-12p40, IFN-γ and IL-17 KO mice with the uveitogenic Ag IRBP. Alternatively, we treated wild type mice immunized for EAU with Abs to IL-23p19 or to IL-17 throughout the disease course (prevention), or only during the effector phase (reversal). IL-23p19 KO were resistant to EAU, showing reduced Ag-specific DTH, IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-17, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-5. In contrast, IL-12p35 and IFN-γ KO mice developed exacerbated EAU, DTH and IL-17 responses. Treatment with anti-IL-23p19 protected from EAU and reduced immunological responses, but was unable to reverse disease, indicating that EAU is dependent on early availability of IL-23. In contrast, anti-IL-17 prevented as well as reversed EAU. Interestingly, severe EAU could be induced with a Th1 cell line that does not produce IL-17. In vivo cytokine neutralization revealed requirement for IFN-γ and TNF-α, but not for IL-17, suggesting that under some conditions an antigen-specific Th1 effector is sufficient to induce EAU. In keeping with this, IL-17 KO mice were still susceptible to disease. These data raise the possibility that the nonredundant need for IL-23 in EAU may extend beyond its role in promoting the Th17 effector response and point to IL-23 and IL-17 as new therapeutic targets for uveitis.
Evaluation of Enhanced Condensate Recovery Potential in Shale Plays by Huff-n-Puff Gas Injection (2015)

Abstract In gas condensate reservoirs, production performance is compromised by the liquid dropout due to reservoir pressure depletion below the dew point pressure. In the shale gas-condensate plays, the condensate banking caused by a high pressure drop further reduce the productivity of the well. Evaluation of the condensate banking effect in shale reservoirs is critical to developing this type of shale condensate plays. Improving condensate recovery has a great economic potential to the oil industry. Condensate has a very good economic value because it contains heavier components in the reservoir. Also the reduction of condensate could increase the relative permeability of gas, the gas production could be improved. Published research shows that condensate banking problem is more significant for low permeability condensate systems. Therefore, this study to focus on this important issue: enhancing gas-condensate recovery in shale gas reservoirs. In this paper, huff-n-puff gas injection in a shale gas reservoir is simulated to enhance gas-condensate recovery. The model used in the simulation work is calibrated with our enhanced condensate recovery experimental data which shows that huff-n-puff can effectively improve condensate recovery. Based on the calibrated work, simulation study is performed to investigate the potential of huff-n-puff gas injection to enhance condensate recovery in shale plays. Different parameters are investigated in this simulation work: 1) different gas injection pressure, 2) different numbers of huff-n-puff cycles, 3) different soaking time. The results of both the experimental and simulation work show that huff-n-puff method can effectively improve condensate recovery. During the huff period of cyclic gas injection, the pressure is increased, and the liquid dropout will be re-vaporized and then recovered during the puff period. We used 5 cycles of gas injection to improve condensate recovery and found that the first cycle recovered most of the condensate in the laboratory. The recovery efficiency of subsequent cycles was declined. The simulation work shows the similar recovery profile as observed in the laboratory. Very limited research has been conducted to enhance condensate recovery in shale reservoirs. This paper focuses on examining the efficiency of huff-n-puff method to improve condensate recovery. Results indicate the applicability of huff-n-puff gas injection.
Bi sub 2 Sr sub 3 minus x Y sub x Cu sub 2 O sub 8+y superconducting metal oxide compositions (1992)

This patent describes a superconducting composition having the nominal formula ps Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 3{minus}x}Y{sub x}Cu{sub 2}O{sub 8+y} wherein x is from about 0.05 to about 0.45 and y is from about 0 to about 1, the composition having a superconducting transition temperature (midpoint) of at least 60 K.
Hexagonal sampling in the infrared domain: an introduction to array set addressing (2011)

It has been known since the early 1960s that hexagonal sampling is the optimal sampling approach for isotropically band-limited images, providing a 13.4% improvement in sampling efficiency over rectangular sampling. Despite this fact and other significant advantages of hexagonal sampling, rectangular sampling is still used for virtually all modern digital image processing systems. This is arguably due to the lack of an efficient addressing system for hexagonal grids. Array set addressing (ASA) is a recent advance in addressing hexagonal grids that allows image processing techniques to be performed efficiently on hexagonally sampled images. This paper will describe ASA and discuss its advantages. With ASA, a renewed interest in sensors that sample hexagonally is occurring. We will describe a new visible imager that simultaneously samples both hexagonally and rectangularly. This novel research tool has the ability to provide real imagery that can be used to quantitatively compare the performance of an image processing operation on both hexagonally sampled and rectangularly sampled images. We will also describe current efforts and plans for future visible sensors that sample hexagonally. The advantages of hexagonal sampling are not limited to the visible domain and should be equally realizable in the infrared domain. This paper will discuss considerations for developing infrared sensors that sample hexagonally. On-focal plane array (FPA) processing, readout architectures, detector materials, and bump-bonding are among the topics to be discussed.
<title>Development of the holographic sight</title> (1997)

The holographic sight development started as a search for a sight with improved accuracy, reduced size and greater simplicity. The main component of the sight is a hologram that generates an image of the reticle. This image can appear at any selected distance from the hologram, and can be located either in a plane or in three-dimensional space. The sight accuracy is that of the optics used in forming the hologram, which can be of excellent quality as only one set is needed for hologram recording. The field of view is unrestricted and a 'light-line,' an image of a line in space that extends from the sight to the reticle, guides the observer's eyes to the reticle. Sight designs are reviewed and designs described as the design evolved from a large 20 by 25 cm sight to the current compact sight for small arms. The latest design incorporates a laser diode light source and a pair of holographic elements to make the sight achromatic thus avoiding sighting errors due to laser diode wavelength drift.
Neuroimaging Biomarker of Major Depressive Disorder (2016)

Introduction Recent studies have shown that it is important to understand the brain mechanism specifically by focusing on the common and unique functional connectivity in each disorder including depression. Objectives To specify the biomarker of major depressive disorder (MDD), we applied the sparse machine learning algorithm to classify several types of affective disorders using the resting state fMRI data collected in multiple sites, and this study shows the results of depression as a part of those results. Aims The aim of this study is to understand some specific pattern of functional connectivity in MDD, which would support diagnosis of depression and development of focused and personalized treatments in the future. Methods The neuroimaging data from patients with major depressive disorder (MDD, n = 100) and healthy control adults (HC: n = 100) from multiple sites were used for the training dataset. A completely separate dataset ( n = 16) was kept aside for testing. After all preprocessing of fMRI data, based on one hundred and forty anatomical region of interests (ROIs), 9730 functional connectivities during resting states were prepared as the input of the sparse machine-learning algorithm. Results As results, 20 functional connectivities were selected with the classification performance of Accuracy: 83.0% (Sensitivity: 81.0%, Specificity: 85.0%). The test data, which was completely separate from the training data, showed the performance accuracy of 83.3%. Conclusions The selected functional connectivities based on the sparse machine learning algorithm included the brain regions which have been associated with depression. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Nanostructure-Driven Replication of Soft Tissue Biomechanics in a Thermoplastic Elastomer Hydrogel (2018)

Synthesis of hydrogel networks capable of accurately replicating the biomechanical demands of musculoskeletal soft tissues continues to present a formidable materials science challenge. Current systems are hampered by combinations of limited moduli at biomechanically relevant strains, inefficiencies driven by undesirable hysteresis and permanent fatigue, and recovery dynamics too slow to accommodate rapid cycling prominent in most biomechanical loading profiles. Here, we report on a novel paradigm in hydrogel design based on prefabrication of an efficient nanoscale network architecture using the melt-state self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers. Rigorous characterization and mechanical testing reveal that swelling of these preformed networks produces hydrogels with physiologically relevant moduli and water compositions, negligible hysteresis, subsecond elastic recovery rates, and unprecedented resistance to fatigue over hundreds of thousands of compression cycles. Furthermore, by relying only on simple thermoplastic processing to form these nanostructured networks, the synthetic complexities common to most solution-based hydrogel fabrication strategies are completely avoided.
Discovery of Novel Protease Activated Receptors 1 Antagonists with Potent Antithrombotic Activity in Vivo (2009)

Protease activated receptors (PARs) or thrombin receptors constitute a class of G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) implicated in the activation of many physiological mechanisms. Thus, thrombin activates many cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells, leukocytes, endothelial cells, and platelets via activation of these receptors. In humans, thrombin-induced platelet aggregation is mediated by one subtype of these receptors, termed PAR1. This article describes the discovery of new antagonists of these receptors and more specifically two compounds: 2-[5-oxo-5-(4-pyridin-2-ylpiperazin-1-yl)penta-1,3-dienyl]benzonitrile 36 (F 16618) and 3-(2-chlorophenyl)-1-[4-(4-fluorobenzyl)piperazin-1-yl]propenone 39 (F 16357), obtained after optimization. Both compounds are able to inhibit SFLLR-induced human platelet aggregation and display antithrombotic activity in an arteriovenous shunt model in the rat after iv or oral administration. Furthermore, these compounds are devoid of bleeding side effects often observed with other types of antiplatelet drugs, which constitutes a promising advantage for this new class of antithrombotic agents.