gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer treatment by focused microwave thermotherapy (2007)

Breast Cancer Treatment by Focused Microwave Thermotherapy provides a comprehensive overview of the technology and application of Microwave Thermography, a cutting-edge, non-invasive therapy for treating breast tumors. Chapter topics include Thermotherapy for Invasive Breast Cancer, Microwave Thermotherapy for Breast Cancer and Other Breast Lesions, Adaptive Focused Microwave Phased Array Thermotherapy System and Method for Treating the Intact Breast, Focused Microwave Radiation Theory and Analysis, Preclinical Results for Focused Microwave Phased Array Thermotherapy for Treating the Intact Breast, Phase I Safety Study for Focused Microwave Thermotherapy for Invasive Carcinomas in Patients Scheduled for Mastectomy, Phase II Thermal Dose Escalation Study for Early-State Breast Carcinomas in Patients Scheduled for Breast Conservation Surgery, Randomized Study of Focused Microwave Thermotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Carcinomas in Patients Scheduled for Breast Conservation Surgery: Thermotherapy Prior to Surgery Compared to Surgery Alone, Randomized Study of Preoperative Focused Microwave Thermotherapy in Combination with Preoperative Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy for Patients with Large Breast Carcinomas: Preoperative Thermotherapy Compared to Preoperative Chemotherapy Alone to Breast Cancer, and Future Clinical Research Areas for Focused Microwave Breast Thermotherapy.
Performance of Hull-Detection Algorithms For Proton Computed Tomography Reconstruction (2014)

Proton computed tomography (pCT) is a novel imaging modality developed for patients receiving proton radiation therapy. The purpose of this work was to investigate hull-detection algorithms used for preconditioning of the large and sparse linear system of equations that needs to be solved for pCT image reconstruction. The hull-detection algorithms investigated here included silhouette/space carving (SC), modified silhouette/space carving (MSC), and space modeling (SM). Each was compared to the cone-beam version of filtered backprojection (FBP) used for hull-detection. Data for testing these algorithms included simulated data sets of a digital head phantom and an experimental data set of a pediatric head phantom obtained with a pCT scanner prototype at Loma Linda University Medical Center. SC was the fastest algorithm, exceeding the speed of FBP by more than 100 times. FBP was most sensitive to the presence of noise. Ongoing work will focus on optimizing threshold parameters in order to define a fast and efficient method for hull-detection in pCT image reconstruction.
Abstract 5613: Beta-mannosylceramide: a novel NKT cell agonist which synergizes with alpha-galactocylceramide to induce protection against tumors (2010)

Abstract Type I natural killer T (NKT) cells are a unique subset of T cells which express phenotypic and functional characteristics of both NK cells and T cells. NKT cells recognize glycolipid antigens presented by the non-classical MHC-like molecule CD1d. Upon stimulation with the prototypical type I NKT cell antigen α-galactosylceramide (α-GalCer), type I NKT cells promote tumor immunity through IFN-γ-dependent mechanims. In this study the ability of glycosylceramides with alterations of the sugar moiety to induce anti-tumor immune responses in an in vivo model of CT26 colon carcinoma metastasis to lungs of BALB/c mice was investigated. β-mannosylceramide (β-ManCer) induced strong tumor protection, while α-mannosylceramide and α-fucosylceramide did not. This is the first evidence of a glycosylceramide with a β-linked sugar moiety capable of inducing significant NKT cell-dependent anti-tumor immunity. We also confirmed that β-ManCer could protect at least as well as α-GalCer in a model of B16F10 melanoma lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. Interestingly, β-ManCer induced little cytokine production and retained protective activity in IFN-γ KO mice, unlike α-GalCer analogs which where completely dependent upon IFN-γ. The protection did not require CD8+ T cells, and was largely independent of NK cells. Blockade of nitric oxide synthase or TNF-α significantly reversed the β-ManCer-induced protection but had no effect on tumor protection for the α-GalCer analogs. Thus, contrary to α-GalCer, β-ManCer protects through a novel TNF-α and NOS-dependent, IFN-γ-independent mechanism. Consistent with the conclusion that β-ManCer and α-GalCer induce tumor immunity by distinct mechanisms, simultaneous administration of sub-therapeutic doses of these glycolipids resulted in synergistic reduction in the number of lung metastases. The distinct mechanism of action and ability to synergize with α-GalCer may suggest that β-ManCer represents a new class of NKT agonists with novel clinical applications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5613.
Flexibeam: Analytic spatial filtering by beamforming (2016)

We propose a new, general, method for spatial filtering by beam-forming. The desired filter, specified analytically on an n-dimensional sphere, is extended to n+1-dimensional Euclidean space. A continuous beamforming function is then obtained by the n+1-dimensional Fourier transform of the extended filter. The beamforming weight at a given array element corresponds then to a sample of the function at the array element location., The scheme is a generalisation of focused beamforming on a single point by phase difference alignment. The analytic framework allows tractable, stable determination of beamforming weights, and for clear filter specification. By avoiding approximating a Dirac, desired areas can be covered with reduced side lobes. Multiple areas may be targeted simultaneously. In communications applications, channel information updates can be reduced, and movement accounted for. A WiFi demonstration shows that more flexible beam-shapes can be beneficial for real-life examples, factoring in attenuation.
A microRNA-initiated DNAzyme motor operating in living cells (2017)

Abstract Synthetic DNA motors have great potential to mimic natural protein motors in cells but the operation of synthetic DNA motors in living cells remains challenging and has not been demonstrated. Here we report a DNAzyme motor that operates in living cells in response to a specific intracellular target. The whole motor system is constructed on a 20 nm gold nanoparticle (AuNP) decorated with hundreds of substrate strands serving as DNA tracks and dozens of DNAzyme molecules each silenced by a locking strand. Intracellular interaction of a target molecule with the motor system initiates the autonomous walking of the motor on the AuNP. An example DNAzyme motor responsive to a specific microRNA enables amplified detection of the specific microRNA in individual cancer cells. Activated by specific intracellular targets, these self-powered DNAzyme motors will have diverse applications in the control and modulation of biological functions.
MXene Sorbents for Removal of Urea from Dialysate: A Step toward the Wearable Artificial Kidney (2018)

The wearable artificial kidney can deliver continuous ambulatory dialysis for more than 3 million patients with end-stage renal disease. However, the efficient removal of urea is a key challenge in miniaturizing the device and making it light and small enough for practical use. Here, we show that two-dimensional titanium carbide (MXene) with the composition of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub>x</sub>, where T <sub>x</sub> represents surface termination groups such as -OH, -O-, and -F, can adsorb urea, reaching 99% removal efficiency from aqueous solution and 94% from dialysate at the initial urea concentration of 30 mg/dL, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 10.4 mg/g at room temperature. When tested at 37 °C, we achieved a 2-fold increase in urea removal efficiency from dialysate, with the maximum urea adsorption capacity of 21.7 mg/g. Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub>x</sub> showed good hemocompatibility; it did not induce cell apoptosis or reduce the metabolizing cell fraction, indicating no impact on cell viability at concentrations of up to 200 μg/mL. The biocompatibility of Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T <sub>x</sub> and its selectivity for urea adsorption from dialysate open a new opportunity in designing a miniaturized dialysate regeneration system for a wearable artificial kidney.
A novel microscale selective laser sintering (μ-SLS) process for the fabrication of microelectronic parts (2019)

One of the biggest challenges in microscale additive manufacturing is the production of three-dimensional, microscale metal parts with a high enough throughput to be relevant for commercial applications. This paper presents a new microscale additive manufacturing process called microscale selective laser sintering (μ-SLS) that can produce true 3D metal parts with sub-5 μm resolution and a throughput of greater than 60 mm<sup>3</sup>/hour. In μ-SLS, a layer of metal nanoparticle ink is first coated onto a substrate using a slot die coating system. The ink is then dried to produce a uniform nanoparticle layer. Next, the substrate is precisely positioned under an optical subsystem using a set of coarse and fine nanopositioning stages. In the optical subsystem, laser light that has been patterned using a digital micromirror array is used to heat and sinter the nanoparticles into the desired patterns. This set of steps is then repeated to build up each layer of the 3D part in the μ-SLS system. Overall, this new technology offers the potential to overcome many of the current limitations in microscale additive manufacturing of metals and become an important process in microelectronics packaging applications.
The ubiquitin‐activating enzyme (E1) gene family in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1997)

Conjugation of multiple ubiquitins serves as a committed step in the degradation of a variety of intracellular eukaryotic proteins by the 26S proteasome. Conjugates are formed via a three-enzyme cascade; the initial step requires ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), which couples ubiquitin activation to ATP hydrolysis. Previously, we showed that many higher plants contain multiple E1 proteins and described several E1 genes from wheat. To facilitate understanding of the roles of the different plant E1s, we characterized the E1 gene and protein family from Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis E1s are encoded by two genes (AtUBA1 and AtUBA2) that synthesize approximately 123-kDa proteins with 81% amino acid sequence identity to each other and 44-75% sequence identity with confirmed E1s from other organisms. Like other E1 proteins, AtUBA1 and 2 contain a cysteine residue in the putative active site for forming the ubiquitin thiol-ester intermediate. Enzymatic analysis of the corresponding proteins expressed in Escherichia coli demonstrated that both proteins activate ubiquitin in an ATP-dependent reaction and transfer the activated ubiquitin to a variety of Arabidopsis E2s with near equal specificity. Expression studies by quantitative RT-PCR and histochemistry with transgenic plants containing AtUBA promoter-beta-glucuronidase-coding region fusions showed that the AtUBA1 and 2 genes are co-expressed in most, if not all, Arabidopsis tissues and cells. Collectively, the data indicate that E1 proteins, and presumably the rest of the ubiquitin pathway, are present throughout Arabidopsis. They also show that the AtUBA1 and 2 genes are not differentially expressed nor do they encode E1s with dramatically distinct enzymatic properties.
<title>Framework for IP switching over fast ATM cell transport (IPSOFACTO)</title> (1997)

This paper describes a method for mapping IP flows to ATM switches. No signaling is necessary to setup a path through ATM switches. Switch controllers run an IP routing protocol and execute IP forwarding. The IPSOFACTO component is responsible for mapping a IP flow to a switched path. Mechanisms for switching both multicast and unicast flows are described.
Field-portable supercritical CO.sub.2 extractor (1997)

The present invention is an apparatus for extracting organic compounds from solid materials. A generator vessel has a removable closure for receiving a solid or liquid solvent which is heated with a resistive heating element to a gaseous or supercritical phase. The removable closure is unencumbered because the side wall is penetrated with an outlet for the gaseous or supercritical solvent. The generator vessel further has a pressure transducer that provides an electronic signal related to pressure of the gaseous or supercritical solvent. The apparatus of the present invention further includes at least one extraction cell having a top and a bottom and a wall extending therebetween, wherein the bottom is sealably penetrated by an inlet for gaseous or supercritical solvent received through a manifold connected to the outlet, the top having an easy-open removable closure cap, and the wall having an outlet port. Finally, a permeable sample cartridge is included for holding the solid materials and to provide radial-flow of the extraction fluid, which is placed within the extraction cell.
Thioredoxin-linked mitigation of allergic responses to wheat (1997)

Thioredoxin, a ubiquitous 12-kDa regulatory disulfide protein, was found to reduce disulfide bonds of allergens (convert S-S to 2 SH) and thereby mitigate the allergenicity of commercial wheat preparations. Allergenic strength was determined by skin tests with a canine model for food allergy. Statistically significant mitigation was observed with 15 of 16 wheat-sensitive animals. The allergenicity of the protein fractions extracted from wheat flour with the indicated solvent was also assessed: the gliadins (ethanol) were the strongest allergens, followed by glutenins (acetic acid), albumins (water), and globulins (salt water). Of the gliadins, the alpha and beta fractions were most potent, followed by the gamma and omega types. Thioredoxin mitigated the allergenicity associated with the major protein fractions-i.e, the gliadins (including the alpha, beta, and gamma types) and the glutenins-but gave less consistent results with the minor fractions, the albumins and globulins. In all cases, mitigation was specific to thioredoxin that had been reduced either enzymically by NADPH and NADP-thioredoxin reductase or chemically by dithiothreitol; reduced glutathione was without significant effect. As in previous studies, thioredoxin was particularly effective in the reduction of intramolecular (intrachain) disulfide bonds. The present results demonstrate that the reduction of these disulfide bonds is accompanied by a statistically significant decrease in allergenicity of the active proteins. This decrease occurs alongside the changes identified previously-i.e., increased susceptibility to proteolysis and heat, and altered biochemical activity. The findings open the door to the testing of the thioredoxin system in the production of hypoallergenic, more-digestible foods.
Carbon Composite Membranes: A Solution to Adverse Humidity Effects (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon Composite Membranes: A Solution to Adverse Humidity EffectsCheryl W. Jones and William J. KorosCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1995, 34, 1, 164–167Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00040a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00040a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views502Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Structure-activity relationships within the N-terminal short consensus repeats (SCR) of human CR1 (C3b / C4b receptor, CD35): SCR 3 plays a critical role in inhibition of the classical and alternative pathways of complement activation (1999)

Genes coding for between one and four short consensus repeats (SCR) of the N-terminal region of human complement receptor 1 (CR1) were synthesized from oligonucleotides and those encoding SCR(1-2), SCR(1-3), SCR(1-4), SCR3 and SCR(3-4) were expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Following solubilization in urea, the proteins were partially purified and refolded and the activity of each protein was assessed in both classical and alternative pathway complement assays. All fragments showed a varying degree of activity with the general order being SCR(1-3) = SCR(1-4) > SCR(1-2). Addition of SCR3 to SCR(1-2) significantly improved potency, whereas the addition of SCR4 conferred no additional benefit. This observation, coupled with the ability of the single-domain SCR3 to inhibit classical pathway mediated lysis with an IH50% (inhibition of hemolysis by 50%) of 4.8 microM, demonstrates that SCR3 provides key binding interactions with activated complement components. SCR(1-3) was able to inhibit both classical and alternative pathways of complement activation, showing that the N-terminal SCR of CR1 retain the ability to interact with C3b. Assays for CR1-like cofactor activity for factor I using C4b-like C4 or C3b-like C3 as substrates showed that SCR(1-3) possessed such cofactor activity and that C4b-like C4 was a better substrate. When compared to full-length (30 SCR) soluble CR1 (sCR1), SCR(1-3) was significantly less potent in accord with a model involving multi-valent binding of C3b/C4b to CR1.
Adaptive hierarchical modulation for simultaneous voice and multi-class data transmission over fading channels (2003)

We propose a new technique using adaptive hierarchical modulation for simultaneous voice and multi-class data transmission over fading channels. We present closed-form expressions as well as numerical results for outage probability and achievable spectral efficiency for voice and data transmissions over Nakagami-m fading channels. We also extend the adaptive techniques employing hybrid binary shift keying (BPSK)/M-ary amplitude modulation (M-AM) and uniform M-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) for simultaneous voice and two different classes of data transmission. Compared to the extended schemes, the proposed new scheme is spectrally more efficient for data transmission while keeping the same outage probabilities for voice and data (both classes) as the scheme employing BPSK/M-AM. The new scheme provides also as a byproduct a spectrally more efficient way of transmitting voice and single class data than the schemes proposed in Alouini et al. (1999) and Hwang et al. (2001).
Pituitary Tumor Transforming Gene (PTTG) Expression in Pituitary Adenomas (1999)

We recently cloned a novel pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG). Here we report PTTG expression in human pituitary adenomas and in normal pituitary tissue. In situ hybridization revealed PTTG expression in nonfunctioning and in GH-secreting adenomas but not in normal pituitary tissue. Using a more sensitive detection method, RT-PCR, low level PTTG expression was detected in normal pituitary. However, when expression levels in normal pituitary tissue were compared with those in 54 pituitary tumors using comparative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), we found that most tumor samples expressed higher levels of PTTG. More than 50% PTTG increases were observed in 23 of 30 nonfunctioning pituitary tumors, all 13 GH-producing tumors, 9 of 10 prolactinomas, and 1 ACTH-secreting tumor, with more than 10-fold increases evident in some tumors. Furthermore, higher PTTG expression (P = 0.03) was observed in hormone-secreting tumors that had invaded the sphenoid bone (stages III and IV; 95% CI 3.118-9.715) compared with hormone-secreting tumors that were confined to the pituitary fossa (stages I and II; 95% CI 1.681-3.051). Therefore, PTTG abundance is a molecular marker for invasiveness in hormone-secreting pituitary tumors. The ubiquitous and prevalent expression of pituitary adenoma PTTG suggests that PTTG plays a role in pituitary tumorigenesis and invasiveness.
Properties of New Fluorinated Holographic Recording Material for Collinear Holography (2009)

A new fluorinated holographic recording material is applied with a view to realizing holographic information system (HIS) media that offer high multiplexing numbers and high recording sensitivity. We report here, for the first time, the successful recording and reconstruction of 750 multiplexed holograms on a 50 ×50 mm2 photopolymer coupon sample based on a novel fluorinated holographic recording material for collinear holography. The proposed material yields bit error rates (BERs) less than 10-2 in the X–Y plane of the coupon sample and thus is suitable for 532 nm optical data storage. It's fundamental properties, such as the relationship between BER and number of holograms, are determined. This new fluorinated material offers improved error maps as evidenced by the 0.4-mm-thick, 120-mm-diameter photopolymer disc. The average error rate is 1.61% for the disc sample. This new material successfully stored and reproduced a short segment of animated video data.
Chemistry and Biology of Terpene Trilactones from<i>Ginkgo Biloba</i> (2004)

Ginkgo biloba, the ginkgo tree, is the oldest living tree, with a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, the leaf extracts have been widely sold as phytomedicine in Europe and as a dietary supplement worldwide. Effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts have been postulated to include improvement of memory, increased blood circulation, as well as beneficial effects to sufferers of Alzheimer's disease. The most unique components of the extracts are the terpene trilactones, that is, ginkgolides and bilobalide. These structurally complex molecules have been attractive targets for total synthesis. Terpene trilactones are believed to be partly responsible for the neuromodulatory properties of Ginkgo biloba extracts, and several biological effects of the terpene trilactones have been discovered in recent years, making them attractive pharmacological tools that could provide insight into the effects of Ginkgo biloba extracts.