gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Hexameric Transmembrane Pore Revealed by Two-dimensional Crystallization of the Large Mechanosensitive Ion Channel (MscL) ofEscherichia coli (1998)

We have established a reconstitution method of the detergent-solubilized recombinant large mechanosensitive ion channel of Escherichia coli (MscL) that yielded two-dimensional crystals. For that purpose, we have developed a new protocol using Triton X-100 to solubilize and purify the MscL protein. This protocol not only allowed an increase in the protein yield but also made it possible to obtain a homogeneous delipidated and reproducible preparation of the purified protein. When examined by the patch-clamp method MscL channels were found to be fully functional, exhibiting characteristic conductance and activation by pressure. For electron crystallography the homogeneous Triton X-100-purified recombinant MscL was further reconstituted at low lipid-to-protein ratios using Bio-Beads SM2 to remove the detergent. Two-dimensional crystals, exhibiting a p6 plane group symmetry, have been produced and examined by negative stain electron microscopy. Image processing of selected micrographs yielded a projection map at 15-A resolution that provided the first explicit structural information about the molecular boundary and homohexameric organization of the MscL channels in the membrane bilayer.
Glare encoding of high dynamic range images (2011)

Without specialized sensor technology or custom, multi-chip cameras, high dynamic range imaging typically involves time-sequential capture of multiple photographs. The obvious downside to this approach is that it cannot easily be applied to images with moving objects, especially if the motions are complex. In this paper, we take a novel view of HDR capture, which is based on a computational photography approach. We propose to first optically encode both the low dynamic range portion of the scene and highlight information into a low dynamic range image that can be captured with a conventional image sensor. This step is achieved using a cross-screen, or star filter. Second, we decode, in software, both the low dynamic range image and the highlight information. Lastly, these two portions can be combined to form an image of a higher dynamic range than the regular sensor dynamic range.
M2BMT: An Automated Ground Truth Generation Algorithm for Lane Detection (2016)

Safety is one of the primary requirements of automotive manufactures and buyers and regulatory bodies are supporting this by mandating the safety features in vehicles. To achieve safety, multiple sensors such as vision cameras, radars, LIDAR and ultrasound devices are installed in the vehicle at various locations and sensor data is processed continuously using advanced algorithms. Validation of these algorithms is a critical requirement to ensure quality of the system. The present paper proposes an enhancement of the ground truth determination for automated lane detection system. The approach of time-slicing [1] has been built up on the binary framework. But the classical binarization algorithms have some limitations to address the particular domain of lane detection in an unconstrained environment and varied scenarios such as curvy and dashed lane marks. The current paper proposes a novel binarization algorithm based on min-between-max thresholding (MBMT). The adaptive binarization addresses the issue of outlier rejection in an efficient way and handles the effect of shadow, illumination variation and other factors in time-sliced images automatically. In addition the current work identifies limitation of the classical timeslice (TS) based approach even with time MBMT (TMBMT) for ground truth determination and addresses the same through second level of adaptation by spatial MBMT (SMBMT). Finally a complete mathematical model is presented to determine ground truth through the said method of hybrid or Modified MBMT or M2BMT. Technology disclosed in this paper is subject matter of pending patent application.
Antibody-Targeted RNase Fusion Proteins (ImmunoRNases) for Cancer Therapy (2008)

Ribonucleases (RNases) of the superfamily A exhibit potent antineoplastic activity yet do not mediate appreciable immunogenicity or non-specific toxicity in both animal models and cancer patients. Ranpirnase (Onconase), the first ribonuclease being evaluated as a therapeutic in humans, has progressed to phase III clinical trials in patients with unresectable mesothelioma. Conjugation of RNases to internalizing tumor-targeting monoclonal antibodies was shown to enhance specific cell killing by several orders of magnitude both in vitro and in animal models. In this review we describe the development and current status of genetically engineered 2(nd) generation immunoRNases as promising novel anti-cancer therapeutics.
Disabled-2 Protein Facilitates Assembly Polypeptide-2-independent Recruitment of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator to Endocytic Vesicles in Polarized Human Airway Epithelial Cells (2012)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-activated Cl(-) channel expressed in the apical plasma membrane of fluid-transporting epithelia, where the plasma membrane abundance of CFTR is in part controlled by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. The protein networks that control CFTR endocytosis in epithelial cells have only been partially explored. The assembly polypeptide-2 complex (AP-2) is the prototypical endocytic adaptor critical for optimal clathrin coat formation. AP-2 is essential for recruitment of cargo proteins bearing the YXXΦ motif. Although AP-2 interacts directly with CFTR in vitro and facilitates CFTR endocytosis in some cell types, it remains unknown whether it is critical for CFTR uptake into clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs). Disabled-2 (Dab2) is a clathrin-associated sorting protein (CLASP) that contributes to clathrin recruitment, vesicle formation, and cargo selection. In intestinal epithelial cells Dab2 was not found to play a direct role in CFTR endocytosis. By contrast, AP-2 and Dab2 were shown to facilitate CFTR endocytosis in human airway epithelial cells, although the specific mechanism remains unknown. Our data demonstrate that Dab2 mediates AP-2 independent recruitment of CFTR to CCVs in polarized human airway epithelial cells. As a result, it facilitates CFTR endocytosis and reduces CFTR abundance and stability in the plasma membrane. These effects are mediated by the DAB homology domain. Moreover, we show that in human airway epithelial cells AP-2 is not essential for CFTR recruitment to CCVs.
Effects of pentoxifylline on sperm motility and hyperactivated motility in vitro: a preliminary report. (1993)

Previous reports (2, 3) have suggested that pentoxifylline increases sperm motility. In this preliminary report based on five asthenozoospermic and five normal motility semen samples, we were unable to demonstrate any statistically significant effect of pentoxifylline on percent motility of human spermatozoa. However, in vitro exposure to capacitation medium with pentoxifylline may lead to an increase in total hyperactivated motility in asthenozoospermic samples, an effect not evident in the normal motility samples in this study.
Burma (2021)

The population of the principal centres had been driven from its homes by bombing and land warfare, and there was hardly a town in Burma that was functioning as a normal centre of life. Railway communications had been disrupted by the destruction of bridges and railway lines and by heavy loss in rolling-stock. The country was, in fact, under military rule; but this was no prophylactic against political agitation. The members of the Burma Independence Army, which had helped the Japanese in 1942 but afterwards, foreseeing the inevitability of Japan’s eventual defeat, had changed sides in March 1945 and had given its support to the Allied cause, had already gained much influence. This had been the first purely Burmese army, commanded by Burmans, that Burma had seen since the deposition of King Thibaw by the British in 1885.
Shop floor control in ASIC assembly (2002)

The paperless integrated manufacturing system (PIMS), a tandem-based shop floor control system, and its implementation in ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) final manufacturing are discussed. The lot tracking and data collection features of PIMS are reviewed. Production problem solving that utilizes a structured query language (SQL) to analyze the collected data is described. Two online SQL reports and their applications are presented to show the effectiveness of the ASIC shop floor control program.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Implications of Mobile Notifications for User Experience of a Social Network Service (2013)

Smartphones enable an always-on connection to Social Network Services (SNS). A typical way of interacting with SNSs is to access them when the user has a suitable situation to check the status of her social networks or to write an update. One way to enhance the usage of SNSs is to have the service automatically push notifications about events to the smartphone user interface. However, there is no research on how users experience such SNS notifications. We present an explorative field study with 11 participants to assess how users experience mobile notifications compared to reading SNS content manually, initiated by the user. The participants first used Facebook for a month without notifications and then for a month with an application called Socially that sends frequent notifications about Facebook events to the userâ??s smartphone desktop. The participants who kept the notification feature on reported increased reading of Facebook. However, after a while, many were unwilling to receive the notifications, mainly because of lack of control. We report the qualitative findings on user experience, which reveal for example, that the use of mobile notifications decreases interest in Facebook. Notifications limit user control, and using Facebook feels more meaningful when accessed manually. Implications for design are discussed.
Increase of duodenal and ileal mucosal cytotoxic lymphocytes in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. (2010)

These observations suggest that lymphocyte cytotoxicity is abnormally increased in the intestinal mucosa in JIA. Since a similar pattern of activation has been seen in food allergy and celiac disease, we speculate that some luminal, possibly a nutritional factor may be involved in JIA as well. Further studies are needed to see whether cytotoxic activation plays any role in the pathogenesis of JIA.
Deep Learning Techniques for Speech Emotion Recognition: A Review (2019)

This paper presents an introduction to various deep learning techniques with the aim of capturing and classifying emotional state from speech utterances. Architectures such as Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) and Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) have been used to test the emotion capturing capability from various standard speech represenations such as mel spectrogram, magnitude spectrogram and Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC's) on two popular datasets- EMO-DB and IEMOCAP. Experimental findings along with reasoning have been presented as to which architecture and feature combination is better suited for the purpose of speech emotion recognition. This work explores the widely used basic deep learning architectures used in literature.
Roles of ecdysone in <i>Drosophila</i> development (1977)

A temperature-sensitive lethal mutant of Drosophila melanogaster called ecd(1) becomes deficient in ecdysone, as measured by a radioimmunoassay, when there is a shift in temperature from 20 degrees to 29 degrees at various stages of development. Associated with the ecdysone deficiency at 29 degrees , there are abnormalities in larval and imaginal development and the adult functions. When the shift occurs early in third-instar stage, the mutant larvae grow to full size but fail to pupariate, and instead remain living larvae for as long as 3 weeks. These larvae, which have only about 5% as much ecdysone as the wild-type at the time of pupariation, can be induced to pupariate at 29 degrees by ecdysone in their food, indicating that the pupariation block results from an ecdysone deficiency. A shift to 29 degrees later in the third-instar stage does not prevent pupariation of the mutant, but the imaginal discs fail to complete differentiation, although the discs can differentiate at 29 degrees after transplantation to the normal environment of a wild-type host. A shift to 29 degrees early in the first-instar stage blocks a subsequent rise in ecdysone titer and results in extensive developmental defects. Mutant adults become sterile at 29 degrees , and the ecdysone titer in the females concomitantly decreases to 13% of the wild-type value. Mutant larval ovaries transplanted to wild-type female hosts continue to develop and produce competent eggs at 20 degrees , but when the adult hosts are put at 29 degrees the transplanted ovaries become sterile, suggesting that the ecdysone needed for female fertility is synthesized autonomously by ovarian tissue. In contrast to these effects of a shift to 29 degrees during larval, pupal, and adult stages, there is a normal increase in ecdysone titer and normal development in mutant embryos grown at 29 degrees . The insensitivity of the embryo to the ecd(1) mutation might be due to a maternal contribution of components needed for ecdysone synthesis during the embryonic stage.
Structural Organization of the Human Mitochondrial Cytochrome c1 Gene (1989)

The structural organization of the entire human nuclear encoded gene for mitochondrial cytochrome c1 was determined by analyzing a clone obtained from an EMBL3 genomic DNA library. The gene spans 2.4-kilobase pairs and contains seven exons interrupted by six introns of relatively small sizes. All intron/exon splice junctions follow the GT/AG rule. The 5'-flanking region of the gene lacks typical transcriptional regulatory sequence elements such as TATA and CAAT boxes but contains seven putative GC boxes (Sp1 binding sites) and several sequences that resemble another type of the Sp1 responsive element, the enhancer core consensus sequence, the AP-1 responsive element, and the cAMP- and phorbol ester-inducible element. The region also contains a 15-nucleotide sequence highly homologous to the AP-4 consensus sequence and to those in the 5'-flanking regions of the genes for two enzymes associated with respiratory function, the beta subunit of human ATP synthase and chicken 5-aminolevulinate synthase. The presequence, which is essential for the transport of the cytochrome c1 precursor into mitochondria, is encoded in both the first and second exons, and the nucleotide sequence corresponding to the presequence is separated by the first intron. This is the first example of a leader sequence coding for a presequence clearly separated into two parts by an intron.
Effects of pH and Heat Treatments on the Structure and Solubility of Potato Proteins in Different Preparations (2001)

The soluble potato proteins are mainly composed of patatin and protease inhibitors. Using DSC and both far-UV and near-UV CD spectroscopy, it was shown that potato proteins unfold between 55 and 75 degrees C. Increasing the ionic strength from 15 to 200 mM generally caused an increase in denaturation temperature. It was concluded that either the dimeric protein patatin unfolds in its monomeric state or its monomers are loosely associated and unfold independently. Thermal unfolding of the protease inhibitors was correlated with a decrease in protease inhibitor activities and resulted in an ionic strength dependent loss of protein solubility. Potato proteins were soluble at neutral and strongly acidic pH values. The tertiary structure of patatin was irreversibly altered by precipitation at pH 5. At mildly acidic pH the overall potato protein solubility was dependent on ionic strength and the presence of unfolded patatin.
Automatic restoration system for power distribution networks based on multi‐agent systems (2016)

The advance on smart grid calls for the development and application of distributed intelligent control strategies based on open platforms that provides interoperability. The distributed control must be able to ensure reliable and secure operation of the power systems and enhance supply quality to consumers. The development of a multi‐agent system for automatic restoration system (MARS) applied to a real power distribution network is presented. The agents of the MARS are embedded in external hardware to the intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) and communicate with each other via standard Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents open protocols. To evaluate the MARS performance, a computer simulator was developed in Java to represent the distribution system. Experimental tests were performed in laboratory with the simulator integrated to the MARS via TCP/IP. The tests results have shown that the MARS was able to locate and isolate branches under permanent fault condition and restore healthy branches efficiently through a given switching sequence taking into account the system operational constraints. The proposed MARS has proved the effectiveness of distributed control scheme based on multi‐agent system that runs independently of the current technologies of the IEDs of control and protection.
Active Learning with Amazon Mechanical Turk (2011)

Supervised classification needs large amounts of annotated training data that is expensive to create. Two approaches that reduce the cost of annotation are active learning and crowdsourcing. However, these two approaches have not been combined successfully to date. We evaluate the utility of active learning in crowdsourcing on two tasks, named entity recognition and sentiment detection, and show that active learning outperforms random selection of annotation examples in a noisy crowdsourcing scenario. 1
Deletions of mitochondrial DNA in Kearns‐Sayre syndrome (1988)

We have identified large-scale deletions in muscle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in seven of seven patients with Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS). We found no detectable deletions in the mtDNA of ten non-KSS patients with other mitochondrial myopathies or encephalomyopathies, or three normal controls. The deletions ranged in size from 2.0 to 7.0 kb, and did not localize to any single region of the mitochondrial genome. The proportion of mutated genomes in each KSS patient ranged from 45% to 75% of total mtDNA. There was no correlation between the size or site of the deletion, biochemical abnormality of mitochondrial enzymes, or clinical severity. The data bolster arguments that KSS is a unique disorder and genetic in origin.
Regularized Adversarial Training for Single-Shot Virtual Try-On (2019)

Spatially placing an object onto a background is an essential operation in graphic design and facilitates many different applications such as virtual try-on. The placing operation is formulated as a geometric inference problem for given foreground and background images, and has been approached by spatial transformer architecture. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective regularization technique to guide the geometric parameters based on user-defined trust regions. Our approach stabilizes the training process of spatial transformer networks and achieves a high-quality prediction with single-shot inference. Our proposed method is independent of initial parameters, and can easily incorporate various priors to prevent different types of trivial solutions. Empirical evaluation with the Abstract Scenes and CelebA datasets shows that our approach achieves favorable results compared to baselines.
Extrusion Systems: Components (2010)

An extrusion system can be very simple to very complex.The complexity, or versatility, of a particular system is determined by the range of feedstocks to be processed, the desired transformations of the feedstocks, and the desired form of the products resulting from the process.These determine the specific design requirements of the various components of an extrusion system.
Limited Feedback Precoding for Massive MIMO (2013)

The large-scale array antenna system with numerous low-power antennas deployed at the base station, also known as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), can provide a plethora of advantages over the classical array antenna system. Precoding is important to exploit massive MIMO performance, and codebook design is crucial due to the limited feedback channel. In this paper, we propose a new avenue of codebook design based on a Kronecker-type approximation of the array correlation structure for the uniform rectangular antenna array, which is preferable for the antenna deployment of massive MIMO. Although the feedback overhead is quite limited, the codebook design can provide an effective solution to support multiple users in different scenarios. Simulation results demonstrate that our proposed codebook outperforms the previously known codebooks remarkably.
A 0.8V 0.8mm<sup>2</sup> bluetooth 5/BLE digital-intensive transceiver with a 2.3mW phase-tracking RX utilizing a hybrid loop filter for interference resilience in 40nm CMOS (2018)

This paper presents a low-voltage (0.8V) ultra-low-power Bluetooth 5(BT5)/Bluetooth Low Energy(BLE) digitally-intensive transceiver for IoT applications. In comparison to BLE, BT5 has a 2x higher data-rate and 4x longer range, while having >8x longer packet. The BLE prior arts [1-5] have made significant efforts to minimize the power consumption for longer battery life, as well as the chip area. However, the prior-art Cartesian BLE radios consume namely 6 to 10mW [1-3] to achieve a <;-94dBm sensitivity but with a relatively high supply voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> ) (>1.0V). Operating a BLE RF transceiver at a lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> (e.g., <;0.85V) not only extends the battery life by up to 50% [3], and reduces the Power-Management-Unit complexity, but also can accommodate a wider range of energy sources (e.g., harvesters). A recent single-channel phase-tracking RX [5] demonstrated a potential to reduce the chip area and the power consumption at a V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> down to 0.85V. However, it suffers from a degraded sensitivity due to a poor deviation frequency control and an excessive loop delay, limited ACR (Adjacent-Channel-Rejection) due to the digitally-controlled-oscillator (DCO) side-lobe energy, and an undefined initial carrier frequency due to the lack of a PLL/FLL that could have a risk of tracking to an interference. This work presents a fully-integrated 0.8V phase-domain BT5/BLE-combo transceiver, including a PHY-layer digital baseband (DBB), and addresses the above-mentioned issues by employing two key techniques: 1) a hybrid loop filter with a loop-delay compensation for DCO side-lobe suppression to enhance interference tolerance, and 2) an all-digital PLL(ADPLL)-based digital FM interface shared between RX and TX is employed, including a deviation frequency calibration, and it also precisely defines the initial frequency. Moreover, the PHY-layer DBB that supports a packet-mode phase-tracking RX operation is also demonstrated.