gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurotrophin-3 Reverses Chronic Mechanical Hyperalgesia Induced by Intramuscular Acid Injection (2004)

Injection of acid into the gastrocnemius muscle results in a persistent, mechanical hyperalgesia of the hindpaw (Sluka et al., 2001). Here, the ability of neurotrophins to alter the development of this secondary hyperalgesia was assessed using transgenic mice and exogenous neurotrophin administration. Acid-induced hyperalgesia was measured in wild-type and transgenic mice that overexpress neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in muscle (myo/NT-3 mice). Mechanical and thermal sensitivity of the hindpaws were assessed after injections of acidic saline, pH 4, into the right medial gastrocnemius. Wild-type mice exhibited mechanical but not thermal hyperalgesia in both paws 1 d after acid injection. In contrast, myo/NT-3 mice developed a transient mechanical hyperalgesia in both paws that disappeared by 2-3 d. The reversal of hyperalgesia in myo/NT-3 mice could be mimicked by intramuscular administration of exogenous NT-3 to acid-injected mice but not by other neurotrophins. The route of NT-3 administration appears critical, because intrathecal or intraperitoneal delivery were ineffective. The hyperalgesia could only be reversed by NT-3 treatment concurrent with acid injection and not after the emergence of hyperalgesia. The acid-induced hyperalgesia did not redevelop after the termination of NT-3 treatment, suggesting that NT-3 permanently reversed the hyperalgesia. Consistent with the behavioral data, paw palpation of acid-injected mice significantly increased Fos expression in the spinal cord of wild-type but not myo/NT-3 or NT-3-injected mice. The attenuation of hyperalgesia suggests that NT-3 may be a modulator of muscle-derived pain, and NT-3 may suppress events that lead to secondary hyperalgesia triggered by insult to muscle afferents.
Standardizing a multimedia interchange format: a comparison of OMFI and MHEG (1994)

Two standards for cross-platform interchange of multimedia content are OMFI and MHEG. OMFI is currently being reviewed as the only submission to the Interactive Multimedia Association for the Data Exchange RFT. MHEG is an ISO committee effort that has recently moved to Draft International Standard status. We summarize the main features of these two standards and compare them. Additionally we present the design and implementation of an MHEG engine that we have used to interchange content from a commercial multimedia authoring package.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Charge forms of Wistar rat alpha-lactalbumin. A contradiction. (1980)

alpha-Lactalbumin was purified from the milk of Wistar rats and was compared to that obtained from Fisher 344 rats. alpha-Lactalbumin isolated from the Wistar rat exists as two forms which differ in their sialic acid content, as the desialyated forms migrate to one identical position on polyacrylamide gels. These two charge forms are identical with the charge Forms II and III previously characterized from Fisher rat alpha-lactalbumin. No evidence was found to verify previous reports that one form of the Wistar rat alpha-lactalbumin had a higher molecular weight than the other form. Indeed, the molecular weights and the amino acid compositions of the two forms of Wistar rat alpha-lactalbumin are identical. In addition, the partial amino acid sequence at the NH2-terminal end and the amino acid composition of the COOH-terminal cyanogen bromide peptide of the two forms are identical. The results in this study contradict those reported previously and show that rat alpha-lactalbumin exists as a single molecular weight species.
Adaptive turbulence compensation with a hybrid input–output algorithm in orbital angular momentum-based free-space optical communication (2018)

Atmospheric turbulence is a major challenge for practical orbital angular momentum (OAM)-based free-space optical (FSO) communication systems that causes intermodal crosstalk and degrades the performance of the system. Herein, we propose a hybrid input-output algorithm (HIOA)-based adaptive optics (AO) system to compensate for distorted OAM beams. The principle and parameters of the HIOA-based AO system in an OAM-based FSO system are analyzed, and the performance is discussed. The simulation results indicate that the HIOA-based AO system can effectively correct distorted OAM beams and that the HIOA improves the compensation performance and convergence speed compared to the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Moreover, we analyze the compensation performance based on different probe beams. Using an OAM beam with state l=1 as a probe beam can yield better correction effects than a Gaussian beam. This work verifies the feasibility of using an HIOA for adaptive turbulence compensation and provides new insights into OAM communication systems.
EGFL7 meets miRNA-126: an angiogenesis alliance (2010)

Blood vessels form de novo through the tightly regulated programs of vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Both processes are distinct but one of the steps they share is the formation of a central lumen, when groups of cells organized as vascular cords undergo complex changes to achieve a tube-like morphology. Recently, a protein termed epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) was described as a novel endothelial cell-derived factor involved in the regulation of the spatial arrangement of cells during vascular tube assembly. With its impact on tubulogenesis and vessel shape EGFL7 joined the large family of molecules governing blood vessel formation. Only recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying EGFL7's effects have been started to be elucidated and shaping of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as Notch signaling might very well play a role in mediating its biological effects. Further, findings in knock-out animal models suggest miR-126, a miRNA located within the egfl7 gene, has a major role in vessel development by promoting VEGF signaling, angiogenesis and vascular integrity. This review summarizes our current knowledge on EGFL7 and miR-126 and we will discuss the implications of both bioactive molecules for the formation of blood vessels.
The use of facial modeling and analysis to objectively quantify facial redness (2015)

Overall, facial redness measurements by facial imaging and computer analysis correlated well to clinical grading scales for both redness intensity and distribution. Future studies should incorporate facial modeling and analysis tools for assessments in clinical studies to introduce greater objectivity and quantitative analysis in facial erythema-based analyses.
Neurochemical mechanisms and neurocircuitry underlying the contribution of stress to cocaine seeking (2021)

In individuals with substance use disorders, stress is a critical determinant of relapse susceptibility. In some cases, stressors directly trigger cocaine use. In others, stressors interact with other stimuli to promote drug seeking, thereby setting the stage for relapse. Here, we review the mechanisms and neurocircuitry that mediate stress-triggered and stress-potentiated cocaine seeking. Stressors trigger cocaine seeking by activating noradrenergic projections originating in the lateral tegmentum that innervate the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis to produce beta adrenergic receptor-dependent regulation of neurons that release corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) into the ventral tegmental area (VTA). CRF promotes the activation of VTA dopamine neurons that innervate the prelimbic prefrontal cortex resulting in D1 receptor-dependent excitation of a pathway to the nucleus accumbens core that mediates cocaine seeking. The stage-setting effects of stress require glucocorticoids, which exert rapid non-canonical effects at several sites within the mesocorticolimbic system. In the nucleus accumbens, corticosterone attenuates dopamine clearance via the organic cation transporter 3 to promote dopamine signaling. In the prelimbic cortex, corticosterone mobilizes the endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which produces CB1 receptor-dependent reductions in inhibitory transmission, thereby increasing excitability of neurons which comprise output pathways responsible for cocaine seeking. Factors that influence the role of stress in cocaine seeking, including prior history of drug use, biological sex, chronic stress/co-morbid stress-related disorders, adolescence, social variables, and genetics are discussed. Better understanding when and how stress contributes to drug seeking should guide the development of more effective interventions, particularly for those whose drug use is stress related.
A New Scheme for Synergy Among Cellular and Broadcast Networks (2005)

Due to the large number of different types of networks that have been/will be deployed in the years to come e.g. cellular, wireless, broadcast, one key issue is that of interworking/synergy among those networks to provide wise and efficient use of the network resources. As part of this concept, what this paper will address is a new scheme for synergy between cellular and broadcast networks for broadcast/multicast services
Photodarkening in Yb doped fibers: experimental evidence of equilibrium states depending on the pump power (2007)

Photodarkening in Yb doped fibers was examined at 633 nm in-situ during cladding pumping at 915 nm with varying pump powers and with no indication of an onset threshold. For the first time, the partial bleaching of the photodarkening loss by the pump power itself was observed. We found the relaxation to well-defined equilibrium states of the core excess loss, depending on the Yb inversion. From the dependence of the measured rate constant on the density of excited Yb ions we conclude, that on average 3 to 4 excited Yb ions create or bleach one color center responsible for the core excess loss.
Training neural network language models on very large corpora (2005)

During the last years there has been growing interest in using neural networks for language modeling. In contrast to the well known back-off n-gram language models, the neural network approach attempts to overcome the data sparseness problem by performing the estimation in a continuous space. This type of language model was mostly used for tasks for which only a very limited amount of in-domain training data is available.In this paper we present new algorithms to train a neural network language model on very large text corpora. This makes possible the use of the approach in domains where several hundreds of millions words of texts are available. The neural network language model is evaluated in a state-of-the-art real-time continuous speech recognizer for French Broadcast News. Word error reductions of 0.5% absolute are reported using only a very limited amount of additional processing time.
Disruption of epithelial cell-cell adhesion by exogenous expression of a mutated nonfunctional N-cadherin. (1993)

Cadherins, a family of transmembrane cell-cell adhesion receptors, require interactions with the cytoskeleton for normal function. To assess the mechanisms of these interactions, we studied the effect of exogenous expression of a mutant N-cadherin, cN390 delta; on epithelial cell-cell adhesion. The intracellular domain of cN390 delta was intact but its extracellular domain was largely deleted so that this molecule was not functional for cell adhesion. cDNA of cN390 delta was attached to the metallothionein promoter, and introduced into the keratinocyte line PAM212 expressing endogenous E- and P-cadherin. When the expression of cN390 delta was induced by Zn2+, cadherin-dependent adhesion of the transfected cells was inhibited, resulting in the dispersion of cell colonies, although their contacts were maintained under high cell density conditions. In these cultures, cN390 delta was expressed not only on the free surfaces of the cells but also at cell-cell junctions. The endogenous cadherins were concentrated at cell-cell junctions under normal conditions. As a result of cN390 delta expression, however, the endogenous cadherins localizing at the cell-cell junctions were largely diminished, suggesting that these molecules were replaced by the mutant molecules at these sites. As a control, we transfected the same cell line with cDNA of a truncated form of N-cadherin cadherin whose intracellular C terminus had been deleted leaving the extracellular domain intact. This molecule had no effect on cell-cell adhesion, nor did it localize to cell-cell contact sites. We also found that the association of the endogenous cadherins with alpha- and beta-catenins and plakoglobin was not affected by the expression of cN390 delta, which also formed a complex with these molecules, suggesting that no competition occurred between the endogenous and exogenous cadherins for these cytoplasmic proteins. These and other additional results suggest that the nonfunctional cadherins whose intracellular domain is intact occupy the sites where the endogenous cadherins should localize, through interactions with the cytoskeleton, and inhibit the cadherin adhesion system.
iPlan: A model of lesson plans to help teaching process in web learning environment (2014)

This paper presents iPlan, a model to implement a system to support the creation of lesson plans. It was the result of a systematic review on tools that help teachers on authoring courses that must be delivered through the World Wide Web (Web). The iPlan system aims to simplify teachers' workload while preparing lessons that will be available online in some Learning Management System (LMS). It will provide authoring tools that enable teachers to create and edit lesson plans based on Pedagogical Patterns. By Pedagogical Patterns we mean tested lesson plans or roadmap lessons. Teachers will be empowered with means to create custom patterns, as well. The main feature that distinguishes this study from previous researches is the integrated approach with LMS, lesson plans and pedagogical patterns. In order to allow teachers to store new pedagogical patterns, iPlan uses iRepository, a repository of educational digital content which is also integrated with Moodle. iPlan is being developed for Moodle environment and will be distributed under the GNU Public License (GPL).
Experimental Investigation of Centrifugal Compressor Stabilization Techniques (2003)

Results from a series of experiments to investigate techniques for extending the stable flow range of a centrifugal compressor are reported. The research was conducted in a high-speed centrifugal compressor at the NASA Glenn Research Center. The stabilizing effect of steadily flowing air-streams injected into the vaneless region of a vane-island diffuser through the shroud surface is described. Parametric variations of injection angle, injection flow rate, number of injectors, injector spacing, and injection vs. bleed were investigated for a range of impeller speeds and tip clearances. Both the compressor discharge and an external source were used for the injection air supply. The stabilizing effect of flow obstructions created by tubes that were inserted into the diffuser vaneless space through the shroud was also investigated. Tube immersion into the vaneless space was varied in the flow obstruction experiments. Results from testing done at impeller design speed and tip clearance are presented. Surge margin improved by 1.7 points using injection air that was supplied from within the compressor. Externally supplied injection air was used to return the compressor to stable operation after being throttled into surge. The tubes, which were capped to prevent mass flux, provided 9.3 points of additional surge margin over the baseline surge margin of 11.7 points.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial effects of sodium benzoate and dichlorobenzyl alcohol against dental plaque microorganisms: An in vitro study (1994)

Evaluation of antimicrobial agents is based on in vivo and in vitro studies. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of sodium benzoate and dichlorobenzyl alcohol to 115 strains of plaque microorganisms were determined by a broth-dilution method. Sodium benzoate did not inhibit growth of any gram-positive cocci (MIC > 106,590 microM). MICs for Porphyromonas gingivalis and two strains of Treponema socranskii were 26,650 microM. The MIC of dichlorobenzyl alcohol to the reference strain of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans was 723 microM and to P. gingivalis, two strains of T. socranskii, and Candida albicans 1,446 microM. MICs for other organisms were 2,892 to 5,784 microM. Saliva samples from 10 volunteers, collected at various times after toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing 10% sodium benzoate and 0.3% dichlorobenzyl alcohol, were analyzed gas-chromatographically. Immediately after toothbrushing mean levels of sodium benzoate and dichlorobenzyl alcohol were 372,626 microM and 7,529 microM, respectively. After 5 min mean levels were 38,700 microM and 734 microM. In conclusion, the concentrations of both antimicrobials dropped rapidly during the first 30 min, but for 5-10 min they were high enough to inhibit growth of potential periodontal pathogens.
The Analysis of Multivariate Contingency Tables by Restricted Canonical and Restricted Association Models (1988)

Abstract Restricted canonical models and restricted association models are proposed and applied to multiway contingency tables. These models have been previously applied to two-way contingency tables; however, multivariate generalization has been impeded in the past, since canonical and association models both depend on singular value decompositions that apply only to two-way arrays. In this article, this restriction to two-way arrays is overcome by division of the cross-classified variables into explanatory and response variables. The explanatory variables are treated as a single polytomous variable, and the response variables are treated as a second single polytomous variable. In this fashion, the multiway table is reduced to a two-way array to which traditional canonical and association models may be applied. Use of linear restrictions on parameters in canonical and association models is especially important in multiway tables if useful models are to be constructed. The class of models considered in this article is sufficiently broad to include models of conditional independence, homogeneity models, conditional symmetry models, log-linear models of no three-factor interaction, conditional quasisymmetry models, and models that express association in terms of preassigned scores. The proposed models can be applied to tables in which some or all variables are ordered as well as to tables with no ordered variables. To illustrate results, appropriate restricted canonical and restricted association models are applied to a three-way cross-classification of abortion attitudes (a response variable) and religion and education (explanatory variables). Insights into the table are obtained that are not readily available from the analysis of Haberman (1979, chap. 6).
Vehicle yaw dynamics control by torque-based assist systems enforcing driver's steering feel constraints (2013)

We investigate the control of torque-based steering assist systems for improving yaw rate tracking and vehicle stabilization. As opposed to active front steering systems based on harmonic motors, torque-based steering assist systems are mechanically coupled with the driver. Thus, besides standard vehicle and actuators constraints, specific constraints related to the driver-actuator interaction need to be enforced. These constraints can be formulated to achieve a multiplicity of goals, including avoiding excessive strain in the driver's arms, and preserving the driver's “feel for the road”. In order to achieve high control performance and constraints satisfaction, we implement controllers based on linear and switched model predictive control, where different types of driver's steering feel constraints are enforced. The different controllers are evaluated in simulation maneuvers to analyze their capabilities and the impact of the constraints in terms of vehicle cornering, stabilization, and driver's steering feel.
Bulk Electrical Conduction in the Buried Oxide of SIMOX Structures (1993)

Buried oxide (BOX) layers in separated by implantation of oxygen (SIMOX) structures exhibit well‐defined and reproducible bulk ("background") conduction which, in contrast to localized ("defect") conduction, is area‐dependent. For annealed samples the bulk conduction is quasi‐ohmic and time dependent up to ∼80 V (for ∼400 nm thick BOX); the temperature dependence indicates 0.3 eV as the activation energy associated with trapping effects. At higher voltage the current‐voltage characteristics are superlinear and resemble those observed for deposited Si‐rich and films, except that they depend on polarity. Fowler‐Nordheim plots indicate an effective barrier height of 1.3 to 1.5 eV for annealed samples and 0.4 eV for unannealed ones; this range is intermediate between 3.1 eV (thermal oxide) and 0.4 to 0.6 eV (Si‐rich). Poole‐Frenkel or Schottky plots are similar to those reported for films with excess silicon . However, the temperature dependence of the high‐field conduction is much less than expected for these mechanisms, indicating that the conduction is controlled by tunneling between Si clusters. From the effective barrier heights of annealed samples the size of the clusters is estimated as ∼0.5 nm (three Si atoms) and their density as so that the concentration of excess silicon is at least . For unannealed BOX the order of magnitude of excess silicon concentration is estimated as 1021 cm−3. The polarity dependence of conduction is probably associated with the asymmetry in the distribution of excess silicon at the two interfaces. For unannealed samples the current at a given voltage is several orders of magnitude higher than for the annealed ones and the onset of the superlinear regime is at lower voltage; this behavior is similar to the localized ("defect") conduction exhibited by both annealed and unannealed SIMOX samples. All of the observations indicate that the BOX layers contain excess silicon; this may be in the form of bonds in the oxide and/or very small silicon (probably amorphous) clusters/filaments.
Positive Correlation of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-II with Proliferating Cell Index in Patients with Colorectal Neoplasia (2005)

Circulating IGF-II positively correlated with PCI in normal colonic mucosa of patients with colorectal neoplasia, suggesting that IGF-II may have a role in initiating the carcinogenic pathway by stimulating cell proliferation. Blood IGF-II was increased in advanced colorectal cancer, indicating that it might enhance colorectal cancer progression and be a useful marker of poor prognosis.
The impact of anemia on overall survival in patients with myelofibrosis treated with ruxolitinib in the COMFORT studies (2016)

PV: polycythemia vera; SD: standard deviation
Participatory Air Pollution Monitoring Using Smartphones (2012)

Air quality monitoring is extremely important as air pollu-tion has a direct impact on human health. In this paper we introduce a low-power and low-cost mobile sensing sys-tem for participatory air quality monitoring. In contrast to traditional stationary air pollution monitoring stations, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of Gas-Mobile, a small and portable measurement system based on off-the-shelf components and suited to be used by a large number of people. Vital to the success of participatory sens-ing applications is a high data quality. We improve mea-surement accuracy by (i) exploiting sensor readings near governmental measurement stations to keep sensor calibra-tion up to date and (ii) analyzing the effect of mobility on the accuracy of the sensor readings to give user advice on measurement execution. Finally, we show that it is feasi-ble to use GasMobile to create collective high-resolution air pollution maps. 1.
Adaptive and Reflective Middleware (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Implementation Techniques Overview of Current Research Future Research Directions Summary Bibliography