gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
32.2 Self-Tunable Phase-Shifted SECE Piezoelectric Energy-Harvesting IC with a 30nW MPPT Achieving 446% Energy-Bandwidth Improvement and 94% Efficiency (2020)

To enhance the power extraction capability of piezoelectric energy harvesters (PEHs), the quality factor of mechanical resonators should be maximized over the extraction-energy frequency bandwidth (EFB). As a result, the EFB is often limited to a few percent around the resonance frequency, which could dynamically shift with temperature variations and aging. Furthermore, the environment vibration frequencies may shift outside the EFB. Currently, the EFB of the PEHs is still too narrow to make them robust to process, temperature, and excitation frequency variations, so their use in real industrial applications is limited.
Humanization of an anti-CεmX monoclonal antibody 4B12 for potential clinical use in targeting mIgE+B cells (140.19) (2009)

Abstract The CεmX domain of 52 a.a. residues, located between the CH4 domain and membrane-anchor segment of human membrane-bound ? chain on mIgE+ B cells, is a unique antigenic site for the immunological targeting of those B cells. We have demonstrated that a chimeric form of anti-CεmX monoclonal antibody (mAb), 4B12, can induce apoptosis and ADCC against a human mIgE.Fc+ B cell transfectoma via effector cells from PBMC in vitro (presented by another abstract in this meeting). To enhance the clinical applicability of 4B12, we have humanized it by first grafting its six complementary-determining regions (CDRs) into human Ig VH subgroup IV and V? subgroup II frameworks (FWs). Those residues in the FWs of VH and VL of the parental murine 4B12 that are essential for Fv dimer interaction and CDR conformation were identified by analyzing the binding affinity of a number of designed Ab variants with site-directed mutations, using competitive ELISA and surface plasmon resonance analysis. A humanized 4B12 retaining the affinity of its parent was obtained by adopting all FWs of the selected human V? template without any change and all FWs of the selected VH with only one residue change. The Val at position 71 of the human VH was replaced by Arg at the corresponding position of the murine VH. Based on molecular modeling analysis, it is likely that such a change is probably crucial for maintaining the proper structural packing of Arg71 with Ile29 in the CDRH1 and Gly55 in the CDRH2. The KD of the chimeric and humanized 4B12 are 5.37×10-9 M-1 and 5.76×10-9 M-1, respectively. Affinity enhancement of humanized 4B12 by selective CDR mutations is in progress.
Simplified analysis of unanchored tanks (1988)

Abstract Local uplift of the tank wall is perhaps the most important characteristic of the seismic behaviour of unanchored liquid storage tanks made out of steel. Such uplift is necessary, because unanchored tanks rely primarily on the weight of the liquid resting on an uplifted portion of the base plate to balance the overturning moments that occur during strong shaking. A simplified method of analysis for static lateral loads is developed, based on the assumption that the restraining action of the base plate can be modelled with equivalent, non‐linear springs. This assumption, together with a Fourier decomposition of the displacements, simplifies the problem to the extent that it can be solved on a personal computer. The solutions are compared with those from experiments and those from current U.S. design analysis methods.
PTCH2, a novel human patched gene, undergoing alternative splicing and up-regulated in basal cell carcinomas. (1999)

By a combination of cDNA library screening, rapid amplification of cDNA ends analysis, and BAC sequencing, a novel human patched-like gene (PTCH2) has been cloned and sequenced. The genomic organization is similar to PTCH1 with 22 exons and, by radiation hybrid mapping, PTCH2 has been localized to chromosome 1p33-34, a region often lost in a variety of tumors. Several alternatively spliced mRNA forms of PTCH2 were identified, including transcripts lacking segments thought to be involved in sonic hedgehog binding and mRNAs with differentially defined 3' terminal exons. In situ hybridization revealed high expression of PTCH2 transcripts in both familial and sporadic basal cell carcinomas in similarity to what has been observed for PTCH1, suggesting a negative regulation of PTCH2 by PTCH1. This finding tightly links PTCH2 with the sonic hedgehog/PTCH signaling pathway, implying that PTCH2 has related, but yet distinct, functions than PTCH1.
Treemaps and the Visual Comparison of Hierarchical Multi-Attribute Data (2016)

Treemaps have the desirable property of presenting overviews along with details of data and thus are of interest in visualizations of multi-attribute tabular data with attribute hierarchies. However, the original treemap algorithms and most subsequent variations are hampered in making parallel structures in a hierarchical data structure visually comparable. Structurally parallel elements are not aligned, making it difficult to compare them visually. We propose a method that allows for proportional and non-proportional subdivisions of subtrees while preserving visual alignment of parallel structures. We extend the framework so that other types of data visualizations can be placed within the graphical areas of a treemap to allow for the visual comparison of a broad collection of data types including temporal data.
EVALUATION DRAINAGE PROPERTY OF POROUS ASPHALT PAVEMENT FOR WET-WEATHER TRAVEL SAFETY (2000)

Porous asphalt pavements allow surface runoff to drain within the pavement wearing course, thereby maintaining a high level of skid resistance for wet-weather travel. They also reduce significanty splash and spray, and reflection of light from the road surface on rainy days. The road authority of Singapore has been laying porous asphalt surface course in its expressways since 1993. A measuring procedure for assessing the drainage property of such porous pavement surface was developed as a result of a research collaboration between the Land Transport Authority and the National University of Singapore ( NUS ) in 1999. It used a permeability measuring device developed by the authors at the NUS. This in-situ field permeability measuring device enabled each measurement to be completed within 2 minutes. This paper describes the method of conducting permeability measurements and the reliability of the measurements. Also described is a laboratory procedure for evaluating the clogging potential of the porous asphalt mix. Such information enables a rational pavement drainage design procedure to be implemented to reduce hydroplaning or skidding hazards in highways.
Multithreaded FPGA acceleration of DNA sequence mapping (2012)

In bioinformatics, short read alignment is a computationally intensive operation that involves matching millions of short strings (called reads) against a reference genome. At the time of writing, a representative run requires to match tens of millions of reads of length of about 100 symbols against a genome that can consists of a few billion characters. Existing short read aligners are expected to report all the occurrences of each read as well as allow users to control the number of allowed mismatches between reads and reference genome. Popular software implementations such as Bowtie [8] or BWA [10] can take many hours or days to execute, making the problem an ideal candidate for hardware acceleration. In this paper, we describe FHAST (FPGA Hardware Accelerated Sequencing-matching Tool), a hardware accelerator that acts as a drop-in replacement for short read alignment software. Our architecture masks memory latency by executing many concurrent hardware threads accessing memory simultaneously and consists of multiple parallel engines to exploit the parallelism available to us on an FPGA. We have implemented and tested FHAST on the Convey HC-1 [9], taking advantage of the large amount of memory bandwidth available to the system and the shared memory image between hardware and software. By comparing the performance of FHAST against Bowtie on the Convey HC-1 we observed up to ~70X improvement in total end-to-end execution time, reducing runs that take several hours to a few minutes. We also favorably compare the rate of growth when expanding FHAST to utilize multiple FPGAs against multiple CPUs in Bowtie.
An Improved Soft Dielectric for a Highly Sensitive Capacitive Tactile Sensor (2016)

This paper presents a novel capacitive tactile sensor that is capable of making highly accurate measurements at low pressure levels, while also being functional within a wide range of pressure. Many researchers have concentrated on sensing applied pressure using methods, such as piezoresistive, optoelectronics, and piezoelectric technologies; but a very popular approach in recent years uses capacitance-based sensing. However, most capacitive sensors, due to the properties of their dielectrics, remain limited by hysteresis and narrow ranges of sensitivity. Our sensor overcomes these restrictions because of the improved soft dielectric that we have constructed. This dielectric features a double-stage microstructure, allowing it to be very sensitive to low pressure while still able to measure a wide range of pressure. The silicone used to construct the dielectric is doped with high permittivity nanoparticles to enhance the response of the sensor. Furthermore, considering the complexity of the dielectric's construction, our fabrication process is relatively simple. In this paper, we describe the design and fabrication of this dielectric and present the results of our sensor's performance.
Radio Resource Allocation for Relay Enhanced Cellular Systems (2009)

Relay enhanced cellular (REC) system and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) technology are regarded as the key features of 4G communication systems. How to utilize resource wisely in OFDMA-based REC systems is an important and challenging research topic. This paper reviews the major issues in designing radio resource management (RRM) algorithms for REC systems. A new resource allocation algorithm is proposed with joint considerations on fairness, resource balancing, resource reuse, and multi-user diversity.
Heterogeneous endotoxin detection bioassay using drug–nanoparticle bioconjugates: an optimization study (2017)

Design and development of a simple and ultrasensitive dot blot bioassay for endotoxin detection in serum.
Strain measurements of a fiber loop rosette using high spatial resolution Rayleigh scatter distributed sensing (2010)

Strain is measured with high spatial resolution on fiber loops bonded to a metal test sample to form a fiber rosette. Strain measurements are made using an Optical Backscatter Reflectometer to detect changes in the phase of the Rayleigh Scatter of the fiber with 160 μm spatial resolution along the length of the fiber. Using this experimental set-up, applied strain levels as well as the axis along which the loads are applied are measured. Thermal gradients are also detected. The high spatial resolution and strain sensitivity of this technique enable highly functional fiber rosettes formed of small diameter loops of standard low-bend-loss optical fiber.
[Replacing the tuberculin skin test with a specific blood test]. (2005)

For almost 100 years has the tuberculin skin test (TST) been used for the support the diagnosis of active and latent TB infection. The TST test has, however, a number of limitations most notable low specificity in BCG vaccinated individuals due to cross-reactive components in PPD and the M. bovis BCG vaccine strain and an intensive search for new and more specific diagnostic antigens has therefore be ongoing. In this review we describe the discovery process leading to the identification of the M. tuberculosis specific antigens ESAT6 and CFP10; two low molecular weight proteins which are highly sensitive and specific for detection of a M. tuberculosis infection.
Eicosapentaenoic acid is converted <i>via</i> ω‐3 epoxygenation to the anti‐inflammatory metabolite 12‐hydroxy‐17,18‐epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (2013)

Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) has beneficial effects in many inflammatory disorders. In this study, dietary EPA was converted to 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (17,18-EpETE) by ω-3 epoxygenation in the mouse peritoneal cavity. Mediator lipidomics revealed a series of novel oxygenated metabolites of 17,18-EpETE, and one of the major metabolites, 12-hydroxy-17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-OH-17,18-EpETE), displayed a potent anti-inflammatory action by limiting neutrophil infiltration in murine zymosan-induced peritonitis. 12-OH-17,18-EpETE inhibited leukotriene B4-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and polarization in vitro in a low nanomolar range (EC50 0.6 nM). The complete structures of two natural isomers were assigned as 12S-OH-17R,18S-EpETE and 12S-OH-17S,18R-EpETE, using chemically synthesized stereoisomers. These natural isomers displayed potent anti-inflammatory action, whereas the unnatural stereoisomers were essentially devoid of activity. These results demonstrate that 17,18-EpETE derived from dietary EPA is converted to a potent bioactive metabolite 12-OH-17,18-EpETE, which may generate an endogenous anti-inflammatory metabolic pathway.
Breathing new life into the free radical polymerization process (1994)

Abstract Conventional free radical polymerization processes are limited by their inability to be used for the synthesis of resins of controlled molecular weights and complex architecture. New processes are being developed in which the free radical propagating chain is reversibly terminated, allowing the free radical polymerization to behave in a living fashion. A review of these processes is presented, along with preliminary results of chain extension studies of nitroxide‐terminated polystyrene as a model for block copolymer synthesis.
Decoder-side intra mode derivation for block-based video coding (2016)

This paper proposes a decoder-side intra mode derivation algorithm for block-based video coding. Instead of explicitly coding intra mode, the algorithm derives intra mode at both encoder and decoder using a template-based method. Based on rate-distortion optimization, the encoder locally determines whether intra mode derivation or intra mode explicit coding is used. Further, as no intra mode is coded, the proposed algorithm is able to more accurately capture the direction of edges in natural videos by increasing the granularity of directional intra predictions with no signaling overhead increase. To verify the effectiveness, the proposed algorithm is implemented on the Joint Exploration Model 2.0 platform. Experimental results show that an average Bjentegaard delta rate saving of 0.9% is achieved by the proposed algorithm.
Multiple-beam lateral shear interferometry for optical testing (1995)

Lateral shear interferometry is used to obtain the lateral aberrations of a lens. The zeroth-order fringe in an interferogram obtained from a wedge-plate lateral shear interferometer, however, directly displays the lateral aberration curve of a test lens. Nevertheless, the intensity distribution, is cosinusoidal. Multiple-beam interferometry results in sharpened fringes; hence the multiple-beam wedge-plate shear interferometer displays the lateral aberration curve of a lens sharply, provided the shear is small. For large shear, some new artifacts appear in the interferogram, which are also explained.
System-on-chip security architecture and CAD framework for hardware patch (2018)

System-on-Chip (SoC) security architectures targeted towards diverse applications including Internet of Things (IoT) and automotive systems enforce two critical design requirements: in-field configurability and low overhead. To simultaneously address these constraints, in this paper, we present a novel, flexible, and adaptable SoC security architecture that efficiently implements diverse security policies. The architecture and associated CAD flow enable “hardware patching” i.e. hardware security policy engine that can be seamlessly and securely upgraded in field to address unanticipated attacks or new security requirements. We implement (1) a centralized Reconfigurable Security Policy Engine (RSPE), (2) smart security wrappers, and (3) Design-for-Debug (DfD) infrastructure interface as the building blocks of the architecture. The proposed framework provides a systematic approach to represent and synthesize diverse security policies. Through extensive analysis using representative SoC models, we show, for the first time to our knowledge, that the proposed framework provides high level of patchability with minimal energy and performance overhead.
Contact resistance study of noble metals and alloy films using a scanning probe microscope test station (2007)

The proper selection of electrical contact materials is one of the critical steps in designing a metal contact microelectromechanical system (MEMS) switch. Ideally, the contact should have both very low contact resistance and high wear resistance. Unfortunately this combination cannot be easily achieved with the contact materials currently used in macroswitches because the available contact force in microswitches is generally insufficient (less than 1mN) to break through nonconductive surface layers. As a step in the materials selection process, three noble metals, platinum (Pt), rhodium (Rh), ruthenium (Ru), and their alloys with gold (Au) were deposited as thin films on silicon (Si) substrates. The contact resistances of these materials and their evolution with cycling were measured using a specially developed scanning probe microscope test station. These results were then compared to measurements of material hardness and resistivity. The initial contact resistances of the noble metals alloyed with Au are roughly proportional to their resistivities. Measurements of contact resistance during cycling of different metal films were made under a contact force of 200–250μN in a room air environment. It was found that the contact resistance increases with cycling for alloy films with a low concentration of gold due to the buildup of contamination on the contact. However, for alloy films with a high gold content, the contact resistance increase due to contamination is insignificant up to 108cycles. These observations suggest that Rh, Ru, and Pt and their gold alloys of low gold content are prone to contamination failure as contact materials in MEMS switches.
Abstract 1077: Development of a qPCR cfDNA analysis method for the assessment of tumor burden and metastatic status in live PDX mice (2019)

Abstract We report here a novel, high analytical sensitivity multiplexed-qPCR assay for monitoring human and mouse-specific circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) using only 15 microliters of blood harvested from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice. PDX tumors maintained in murine models are commonly employed to study the biology and drug sensitivity of patient tumors. Our multiplexed qPCR assay incorporates both human and mouse multi-copy PCR amplifications targets in a single qPCR reaction. The multiplex also includes an internal synthetic DNA positive control to monitor accuracy of PCR amplification. All three targets are quantitated by monitoring three fluorophores in a single qPCR reaction. In PDX mice, the implanted human tumor sheds DNA as circulating tumor DNA (human ctDNA). Select metastatic tumors also shed human circulating tumor cells (CTCs) into the mouse’s blood that also can be detected with our assay. Our qPCR assay utilizes an Alu retrotransposon sequence, present at thousands of copies per human genome, to detect and quantitate human ctDNA, and a mouse specific multi-copy target to detect mouse cfDNA in plasma harvested from PDX mice. These high copy, repetitive elements are ideally suited for qPCR targets to quantitate circulating-tumor DNA, which is predominately in low abundance. The low detection limits of the assay (below 1pg/µL of human DNA extracted from mouse plasma) allows for longitudinal studies of mice, as the volume of blood required is minimal (as low as 15 µL) and can be repeatedly collected from live mice without the need for a terminal bleed. With the assay quantitating both human ctDNA and mouse cfDNA, normalization of the amount of tumor DNA can be calculated, allowing for more reliable tracking of the tumor growth in the mouse model. Furthermore, CTC DNA had higher measurable concentrations in the peripheral blood of both invasive TNBC PDX models compared to cfDNA concentrations. We have tested this assay successfully in mice that contain various tumor burdens (CRC, prostrate, SCLC, and TNBC). Data will be presented to show the relative amounts of human DNA present in these mice. The assay also accurately predicted the success or failure of the initial tumor engraftment of a patient tumor in a mouse—this can be used to reduce cost by eliminating unsuccessful grafts, without waiting for months to observe if the tumor grew or not. This innovative assay provides a relatively quick, economic, and easy method to monitor ongoing response to therapy. Citation Format: Sudhir K. Sinha, Hiromi Brown, Andrew Loftus, Margarite D. Matossian, Bridgette M. Collins-Burow, Matthew E. Burow. Development of a qPCR cfDNA analysis method for the assessment of tumor burden and metastatic status in live PDX mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1077.
Joint Estimation of Formant Trajectories via Spectro-Temporal Smoothing and Bayesian Techniques (2007)

We propose a method for the joint estimation of formant trajectories from spectrograms. Formants are enhanced in the spectrograms obtained from the application of a Gammatone filterbank via a smoothing along the frequency axis. In contrast to previously published approaches, the used tracking algorithm relies on the joint distribution of formants rather than using independent tracker instances. More precisely, Bayesian mixture filtering in conjunction with adaptive frequency range segmentation as well as Bayesian smoothing are used. The algorithm was evaluated on a publicly available database containing hand-labeled formant tracks. Experimental results show a significant performance improvement compared to a state of the art approach.
A High‐Power Dielectric Biconical Antenna for Treatment of Subcutaneous Targets (2020)

A dielectric biconical antenna (DiBiCA) for radiating subnanosecond pulses to treat subcutaneous tissue was designed, constructed, and tested. It is composed of a conical wave launcher and truncated conical emitter. In between, there is a short cylinder that provides a space for a ring terminating resistor. The material of the antenna has a dielectric constant of 28, so its size is small (length: 7 cm and aperture diameter: 2.2 cm). It was housed in an oil container to withstand high voltages and avoid surface flashover. The radiated electric field, measured in water, increased as the input voltage increased up to 30 kV but leveled off for higher voltages up to 50 kV, presumably because of losses in the antenna dielectric. The maximum field was 1.5 kV/cm for a depth of 5 mm and 1.0 kV/cm for a depth of 20 mm. Although the dielectric loss mechanism remains to be investigated, the antenna can be useful for noninvasive delivery of subnanosecond pulses to induce biological responses on subcutaneous targets. The DiBiCA radiated pulses were shown to change the viabilities of dendritic cells and macrophages for 10-min exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:413-424. © 2020 Bioelectromagnetics Society.