gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene Sandwich Stable Perovskite Quantum-Dot Light-Emissive Ultrasensitive and Ultrafast Broadband Vertical Phototransistors (2019)

Dual-functional devices that can simultaneously detect light and emit light have a tremendous appeal for multiple applications, including displays, sensors, defense, and high-speed optical communication. Despite the tremendous efforts of scientists, the progress of integration of a phototransistor, where the built-in electric field separates the photogenerated excitons, and a light-emitting diode, where the radiative recombination can be enhanced by band offset, into a single device remains a challenge. Combining the superior properties of perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) and graphene, here we report a light-emissive, ultrasensitive, ultrafast, and broadband vertical phototransistor that can simultaneously act as an efficient photodetector and light emitter within a single device. The estimated value of the external quantum efficiency of the vertical phototransistor is ∼1.2 × 10<sup>10</sup>% with a photoresponsivity of >10<sup>9</sup> A W<sup>-1</sup> and a response time of <50 μs, which exceed all the presently reported vertical phototransistor devices. We also demonstrate that the modulation of the Dirac point of graphene efficiently tunes both amplitude and polarity of the photocurrent. The device exhibits a green emission having a quantum efficiency of 5.6%. The moisture-insensitive and environmentally stable, light-emissive, ultrafast, and ultrasensitive broadband phototransistor creates a useful route for dual-functional optoelectronic devices.
Biosynthesis of factor V in isolated guinea pig megakaryocytes. (1985)

Although platelets contain Factor V, localized primarily in the alpha-granules, the origin of this coagulation cofactor in these cells is not known. We therefore explored whether isolated megakaryocytes could biosynthesize Factor V. Guinea pig plasma Factor V coagulant activity was demonstrated to be neutralized by human monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies directed monospecifically against human Factor V. These antibodies had been used earlier to purify human Factor V. These antibodies had been used earlier to purify human Factor V and to quantify Factor V antigen concentration, respectively (1983. Chiu, H. C., E. Whitaker, and R. W. Colman. J. Clin. Invest. 72:493-503). As determined by a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with guinea pig plasma as a standard, Factor V solubilized from guinea pig megakaryocytes was present at 0.098 +/- 0.018 micrograms/10(5) cells. Each megakaryocyte contained about 500 times as much Factor V as is in a platelet (0.234 +/- 0.180 micrograms/10(8) platelets). The content of Factor V antigen in guinea pig plasma was greater (27.0 +/- 3.0 micrograms/ml) than that of Factor V antigen in human plasma (11.1 +/- 0.4 micrograms/ml). In contrast, human platelets contain ninefold more Factor V antigen (2.01 +/- 1.09 micrograms/10(8) platelets) than do guinea pig were 2.85 +/- 0.30 U/ml plasma, 0.022 +/- 0.012 U/10(8) platelets, and 0.032 +/- 0.03 U/10(5) megakaryocytes, compared with human values of 0.98 +/- 0.02 U/ml plasma and 0.124 +/- 0.064 U/10(8) platelets. Isolated megakaryocytes were found to contain Factor V by cytoimmunofluorescence. The megakaryocytes were incubated with [35S]methionine, and radiolabeled intracellular proteins purified were on a human anti-Factor V immunoaffinity column. The purified protein exhibited Factor V coagulant activity and neutralized the inhibitory activity of a rabbit antihuman Factor V antibody, which suggests that megakaryocyte Factor V is functionally and antigenically intact. These results indicate that Factor V is synthesized by guinea pig megakaryocytes. Nonetheless, megakaryocyte Factor V was more slowly activated by thrombin and in the absence of calcium was more stable after activation than was plasma Factor Va. Electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate and autoradiography of the purified molecule showed a major band of Mr 380,000 and a minor band of Mr 350,000, as compared with guinea pig and human plasma Factor V, where the protein had an Mr of 350,000. Both forms of Factor V were substrates for thrombin. Possible explanations for the higher molecular weight and different thrombin sensitivity and stability observed are that a precursor of Factor V was isolated or that the megakaryocyte Factor V had not been fully processed before isolation.
Hybrid-integrated 4*4 optical gate matrix switch using silica-based optical waveguides and LD array chips (1992)

The fabrication and characteristics of a hybrid-integrated optical gate matrix switch were studied. The switch was composed of a silica-based single-mode guided-wave circuit and two InGaAsP gate array chips, each of which comprised eight laser diode optical gates. The gate array chips were assembled on the guided-wave circuit using a hybrid integration technique. The insertion loss of the fabricated 4*4 matrix switch was scattered among switching paths and ranged from 26 to 33 dB. The switch was applicable to a 400 Mb/s signal system with a bit error rate of 10/sup -9/. The numerical analysis shows that the residual reflectivity at the LD gate and waveguide facets caused the loss scattering among the paths and that reduction of the residual reflectivity is essential for improving the switch characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A quarter-micron interconnection technology using Al-Si-Cu/TiN alternated layers (2002)

A novel interconnection structure using Al-Si-Cu/TiN alternated layers has been investigated as a quarter-micron interconnection candidate for 256 MDRAM. A TiN/Al-1%Si-0.5%Cu/TiN/Al-1%Si-0.5%Cu/TiN/Ti layered film structure was designed for both electro- and stress-migration-resistant interconnections. This alternated layer structure has extremely high endurances in terms of mechanical hardness, tensile strength, and electromigration lifetime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Comparison of 28 kHz- and 160kHz-Ultrasonic Aerosolization of Interferon-alpha (1992)

The efficacy and utility of interferon (IFN) in prophylaxis and treatment of nasal infections have been evaluated in recent investigation. In our basic studies on aerosolization of IFN, we examined the effect of aerosolization on IFN-alpha activity utilizing an ultrasonic inhaler (NE-U05). The effect of ultrasonic treatment (28kHz) on IFN activity was also studied. IFN activity was determined by a conventional cytopathic effect inhibition assay. Although IFN-alpha activity was partially inactivated at a specific frequency of 28kHz, it was not affected by ultrasonic treatment (160kHz) from the ultrasonic inhaler. These results show that the aerosolization of IFN-alpha by the ultrasonic inhaler can be recommended for clinical use without inactivation of IFN-alpha activity.
Understanding and targeting network-level sheddase regulation in invasive disease (2013)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biological Engineering, 2013.
Gene expression of the repulsive guidance molecules during development of the mouse intestine (2005)

Repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) are recently identified proteins implicated in neuronal differentiation, migration, and apoptosis. However, in non-neural tissues a specific biological function of RGM is still unknown. In this study, we describe the expression patterns of the RGM members (a, b, and c) during embryonic and postnatal development of the small and large murine intestine. We demonstrated by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and immunocytochemistry that subtypes RGMa and RGMb but not RGMc were strongly expressed in enteric ganglia cells of the fetal and adult gut. In contrast to the enteric nervous system, RGMa and RGMb expression in the intestinal epithelium started during postnatal gut development. Interestingly, both subtypes were predominantly expressed in the proliferative crypt compartment of the gut epithelium and in paneth cells of small intestine. The development-dependent expression in enteric ganglia and intestinal epithelial cells suggests that RGM may be involved in cell migration, differentiation, and apoptosis with similar cellular mechanisms as described in the central nervous system.
Linear-time String Indexing and Analysis in Small Space (2020)

The field of succinct data structures has flourished over the past 16 years. Starting from the compressed suffix array by Grossi and Vitter (STOC 2000) and the FM-index by Ferragina and Manzini (FOCS 2000), a number of generalizations and applications of string indexes based on the Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) have been developed, all taking an amount of space that is close to the input size in bits. In many large-scale applications, the construction of the index and its usage need to be considered as one unit of computation. For example, one can compare two genomes by building a common index for their concatenation and by detecting common substructures by querying the index. Efficient string indexing and analysis in small space lies also at the core of a number of primitives in the data-intensive field of high-throughput DNA sequencing. We report the following advances in string indexing and analysis: We show that the BWT of a string T ∈ {1,…,σ} n can be built in deterministic O ( n ) time using just O ( n log σ) bits of space, where σ ≤ n . Deterministic linear time is achieved by exploiting a new partial rank data structure that supports queries in constant time and that might have independent interest. Within the same time and space budget, we can build an index based on the BWT that allows one to enumerate all the internal nodes of the suffix tree of T . Many fundamental string analysis problems, such as maximal repeats, maximal unique matches, and string kernels, can be mapped to such enumeration and can thus be solved in deterministic O ( n ) time and in O ( n log σ) bits of space from the input string by tailoring the enumeration algorithm to some problem-specific computations. We also show how to build many of the existing indexes based on the BWT, such as the compressed suffix array , the compressed suffix tree , and the bidirectional BWT index , in randomized O ( n ) time and in O ( n log σ) bits of space. The previously fastest construction algorithms for BWT, compressed suffix array and compressed suffix tree, which used O ( n log σ) bits of space, took O ( n log log σ) time for the first two structures and O ( n log ϵ n ) time for the third, where ϵ is any positive constant smaller than one. Alternatively, the BWT could be previously built in linear time if one was willing to spend O ( n log σ log log σ n ) bits of space. Contrary to the state-of-the-art, our bidirectional BWT index supports every operation in constant time per element in its output.
The Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer: A High-Performance MEMS Accelerometer for Precision Navigation and Strategic Guidance Applications (2005)

intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) and submarine-launched strategic missiles developed over the past 50 years have employed successive generations of increasingly accurate inertial guidance systems. The comparatively short time of guided flight and high acceleration levels characteristic of the ballistic missile application place a premium on accelerometer performance to achieve desired weapon system accuracy. Currently, the U.S. strategic missile arsenal relies on variants of the pendulous integrating gyro accelerometer (PIGA) to meet the high-performance, radiation-hard requirements of the weapon system. Likewise, precision navigation systems, such as the currently deployed SSBN Ship Inertial Navigation Systems (SINS), employ highly specialized and complex electromechanical instruments that, like the PIGA, present a system life-cycle cost and maintenance challenge. The PIGA and the Electromagnetic Accelerometer (EMA) demonstrate unsurpassed performance, however, their life-cycle cost has motivated a search for a highperformance, solid-state, strategic accelerometer. The Draper Laboratory is currently in the process of developing the Silicon Oscillating Accelerometer (SOA), a MEMS-based sensor that has demonstrated in laboratory testing the part-per-million (ppm)/µg scalefactor and bias performance stability required of precision guidance navigation applications. The ICBM and SSBN applications have significantly different environmental, acceleration dynamic range, and resolution requirements that are best satisfied by optimizing the SOA geometry for each application. The design flexibility and wafer-scale fabrication methods of the silicon MEMS process enable manufacturing both instrument designs with essentially zero incremental cost associated with the additional instrument assembly line. That is, the SOAs developed for the ICBM guidance and SSBN navigation applications share a common sensor package, electronics architecture, main housing and instrument assembly process. This paper will give an overview of the Draper SOA and compare and contrast performance data taken to date on both versions of the SOA.
Inter/intraframe coding of color TV signals for transmission at the third level of the digital hierarchy (1985)

The data rate of the third level of the digital hierarchy is regarded as particularly economical for the international exchange of television programs via satellite. Nonetheless, the exchange is aggravated by the fact that this level has not been standardized on a world-wide scale. For example, a rate of 32 Mbits/s is used in Japan, 34 Mbits/s in Europe, and 44 Mbits/s in North America. The present paper details a procedure which allows digital TV signals of studio standard to be transmitted on 32-, 34-, or 44-Mbit/s channels by means of sampling rate conversion and adaptive source coding. For the case where an international link consists of sections using different data rates, a transcoding method is described and tested in computer simulations which converts the third-level rates into each other, without cascading of DPCM-decoders and-encoders.
The Application of Rapid Prototyping Techniques in Cranial Reconstruction and Preoperative Planning in Neurosurgery (2003)

The value of rapid prototype models of the skull in our craniofacial and neurosurgical practice was analyzed. Individual skull models of 52 patients were produced by means of rapid prototyping techniques and used in various procedures. Patients were divided into three groups as follows: group I (26 patients) requiring corrective cranioplasty 1) after resection of osseous tumors (15 patients) and 2) with congenital and posttraumatic craniofacial deformities (11 patients), group II (10 patients) requiring reconstructive cranioplasty, and group III (16 patients) requiring planning of difficult skull base approaches. The utility of the stereolithographic models was assessed using the Gillespie scoring system. The esthetic and clinical outcomes were assessed by means of the esthetic outcome score and the Glasgow Outcome Score, respectively. Simulation of osteotomies for advancement plasty and craniofacial reassembly in the model before surgery in group I reduced operating time and intraoperative errors. In group II, the usefulness of the models depended directly on the size and configuration of the cranial defect. The planning of approaches to uncommon and complex skull base tumors (group III) was significantly influenced by the stereolithographic models. The esthetic outcome was pleasing. The indications for the manufacture of individual three-dimensional models could be cases of craniofacial dysmorphism that require meticulous preoperative planning and skull base surgery with difficult anatomical and reconstructive problems. The stereolithographic models provide 1) better understanding of the anatomy, 2) presurgical simulation, 3) intraoperative accuracy in localization of lesions, 4) accurate fabrication of implants, and 5) improved education of trainees.
Clustering Multivariate Time Series Using Hidden Markov Models (2014)

In this paper we describe an algorithm for clustering multivariate time series with variables taking both categorical and continuous values. Time series of this type are frequent in health care, where they represent the health trajectories of individuals. The problem is challenging because categorical variables make it difficult to define a meaningful distance between trajectories. We propose an approach based on Hidden Markov Models (HMMs), where we first map each trajectory into an HMM, then define a suitable distance between HMMs and finally proceed to cluster the HMMs with a method based on a distance matrix. We test our approach on a simulated, but realistic, data set of 1,255 trajectories of individuals of age 45 and over, on a synthetic validation set with known clustering structure, and on a smaller set of 268 trajectories extracted from the longitudinal Health and Retirement Survey. The proposed method can be implemented quite simply using standard packages in R and Matlab and may be a good candidate for solving the difficult problem of clustering multivariate time series with categorical variables using tools that do not require advanced statistic knowledge, and therefore are accessible to a wide range of researchers.
Survey, Nomenclature and Comparison of Reader Anti-Collision Protocols in RFID (2008)

AbstractRadio-frequency identification (RFID) has attracted a great deal of attention, due to its wide range of applications in the fields of logistics and supply chain, medicine, inventory, stock, asset management etc. Mobile readers in RFID have become available, while stationary readers are becoming more functional. In a workplace where readers are deployed densely, multiple RFID readers try to access the same tag at the same time. The situation, where multiple readers are in each others' interference region, reader-to-tag communication, leads to a reader collision problem and thus inhibits the communication with the tag. Passive tags are cheaper and are widely used, but they lack frequency selectivity. In such an environment, the problems of reader-to-reader and reader-to-tag collision occur, which lead to the reduction of the efficiency and reliability of the RFID system, resulting in the misreading or failure to read the tag and an increase in the tag interrogation time. The existing standards do no...
A Method for Creating Global Routes for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Using Open Data Road Section Data (2023)

In this paper, we propose a method for generating a global path for an unmanned vehicle using public data of road section information. First, the method of analyzing road section information of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport is presented. Second, we propose a method of preprocessing the acquired road section information and processing it into meaningful data that can be used for global routes. Third, we present a method for generating a global path using the preprocessed road section information. The proposed method has proven its effectiveness through actual autonomous driving experiments of unmanned ground vehicles.
Physics of Ion Plating and Ion Beam Deposition (1973)

A review of some dominant mechanisms in ion plating is made. Factors influencing throwing power and film quality are discussed and the damaging effects of a high ambient gas background are considered with a view toward minimizing the harmful effects of contaminant gas background. The physical mechanisms involved in an ion beam deposition process [S. Aisenberg and R. Chabot, J. Appl. Phys. 42, 2953 (1972)] are examined. The effects of chamber pressure, electrical bias arrangements, and the introduction of a coevaporant source are discussed with regard to deposition rate, ultimate film quality, and throwing power of the system.
The Human EMAP-like Protein-70 (ELP70) Is a Microtubule Destabilizer That Localizes to the Mitotic Apparatus (2002)

In this report, we show that the echinoderm microtubule (MT)-associated protein (EMAP) and related EMAP-like proteins (ELPs) share a similar domain organization with a highly conserved hydrophobic ELP (HELP) domain and a large tryptophan-aspartic acid (WD) repeat domain. To determine the function of mammalian ELPs, we generated antibodies against a 70-kDa human ELP and showed that ELP70 coassembled with MTs in HeLa cell extracts and colocalized with MTs in the mitotic apparatus. To determine whether ELP70 bound to MTs directly, human ELP70 was expressed and purified to homogeneity from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. Purified ELP70 bound to purified MTs with a stoichiometry of 0.40 +/- 0.04 mol of ELP70/mol of tubulin dimer and with an intrinsic dissociation constant of 0.44 +/- 0.13 microm. Using a nucleated assembly assay and video-enhanced differential interference contrast microscopy, we demonstrated that ELP70 reduced seeded nucleation, reduced the growth rate, and promoted MT catastrophes in a concentration-dependent manner. As a result, ELP70-containing MTs were significantly shorter than MTs assembled from tubulin alone. These data indicate that ELP70 is a novel MT destabilizer. A lateral destabilization model is presented to describe ELP70's effects on microtubules.
Three-dimensional structure of CA1 pyramidal cells in rat hippocampus--optical recording of LSM and computer simulation of fractal structure. (1995)

The optical recording of three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of CA1 pyramidal cells was derived from the studies on the CA1 region of the hippocampus in adult male Wistar rats. The recording was produced by the Confocal Laser Scan Microscope (LSM-10). The attemption was to outline the morphological neural network of CA1 pyramidal cells organization, following the trail of axo-dendritic connections in 3-D spatial distributions among neurons. The fractal structure of neurons with their dendritic and axonal trees using fractal algorithm was noticed, and 2-18 simulated cells were obtained using PC-486 computer. The simulational cells are similar in morphology to the natural CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells. Therefore, the exploitation of an advanced neurohistological research technique combining optical recording of the LSM-10 and computer simulation of fractal structure can provide the quantitative fractal structural basis for chaosic dynamics of brain.
Chemomechanical effects of oxidizer‐ <scp> CO <sub>2</sub> </scp> systems upon hydraulically fractured unconventional source rock (2021)

Abstract Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) as supercritical (scCO 2 ) or foamed (CO 2 ‐Foam) fluid has been tested many times as a fracturing fluid, though it has not yet proven viable. Many challenges have been identified with scCO 2 as a fracturing fluid, including poor additive solubility, low viscosity, and limited accessibility. However, CO 2 is known to adsorb to organic matter (OM) and displace methane (i.e., enhanced coal bed methane [ECBM] operations), or to mobilize oil as in tertiary enhanced oil recovery. In this study we augment the efficacy of the kerogen control fluid (KCF) for stimulating unconventional rock formations by alternating aqueous oxidizing fracturing fluid with CO 2 injection or by combining oxidizers directly with CO 2 as a new additive. To this end, KCF‐CO 2 tests were designed to treat OM and extend the depth of permeability enhancement. We report the first attempt to combine oxidizer with CO 2 in the presence of source shale rocks at elevated temperature and pressure. Scanning electron microscopy imaging of the treated shale sample surfaces demonstrate potential porosity and permeability enhancement, though some mineral and organic deposits are also observed, which may prove to be detrimental. Meanwhile, alternating water‐based KCF with CO 2 provides a potential improvement to the KCF as predicted by early lab results on OM. The KCF‐CO 2 concept has no equivalent to date in unconventional hydraulic fracturing operations. This technology will contribute to reducing the footprint of anthropogenic CO 2 and enhancing its permanent sequestration in unconventional stimulated reservoirs, compliant with our global clean energy initiative of carbon capture, utilization, and storage.