gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serine racemase: A glial enzyme synthesizing <scp>d</scp> -serine to regulate glutamate- <i>N</i> -methyl- <scp>d</scp> -aspartate neurotransmission (1999)

Although D amino acids are prominent in bacteria, they generally are thought not to occur in mammals. Recently, high levels of D-serine have been found in mammalian brain where it activates glutamate/N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors by interacting with the "glycine site" of the receptor. Because amino acid racemases are thought to be restricted to bacteria and insects, the origin of D-serine in mammals has been puzzling. We now report cloning and expression of serine racemase, an enzyme catalyzing the formation of D-serine from L-serine. Serine racemase is a protein representing an additional family of pyridoxal-5' phosphate-dependent enzymes in eukaryotes. The enzyme is enriched in rat brain where it occurs in glial cells that possess high levels of D-serine in vivo. Occurrence of serine racemase in the brain demonstrates the conservation of D-amino acid metabolism in mammals with implications for the regulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate neurotransmission through glia-neuronal interactions.
Analysis of the mi-2 autoantigen of dermatomyositis (1995)

Mi-2 antigen consists of multiple proteins, of which the 240-kd protein appears to be the major reactive component.
Formation of Zirconia Films by the Aerosol Gas Deposition Method (By Jetting of Positive Charged Powder) (2011)

The aerosol gas deposition method (AGD) is a low temperature method. No heating procedure exists in the AGD process during the formation of the AGD films. We can form even ceramic films by using AGD method. However, the mechanism of synthesizing ceramic film has not been made clear until now. This paper is the first trial to clarify the mechanism by using two kinds of zirconia powder. The experimental results indicated that in wet type zirconia powder the film could be formed in the limited conditions of diameter and the specific surface area of powders although in dry-milled zirconia powder all powders used could form the films. At the same experiments we observed the high temperature phase of zirconia in the film and a light emission phenomenon at the deposition site during AGD process. In this paper, we discuss the formation mechanism of the AGD film at the ambient temperature correlating with the film formation condition, the appearance of the high temperature phase and the light emission.
Crystal Structure of an Ecotin−Collagenase Complex Suggests a Model for Recognition and Cleavage of the Collagen Triple Helix (1997)

The crystal structure of fiddler crab collagenase complexed with the dimeric serine protease inhibitor ecotin at 2.5 A resolution reveals an extended cleft providing binding sites for at least 11 contiguous substrate residues. Comparison of the positions of nine intermolecular main chain hydrogen bonding interactions in the cleft, with the known sequences at the cleavage site of type I collagen, suggests that the protease binding loop of ecotin adopts a conformation mimicking that of the cleaved strand of collagen. A well-defined groove extending across the binding surface of the enzyme readily accommodates the two other polypeptide chains of the triple-helical substrate. These observations permit construction of a detailed molecular model for collagen recognition and cleavage by this invertebrate serine protease. Ecotin undergoes a pronounced internal structural rearrangement which permits binding in the observed conformation. The capacity for such rearrangement appears to be a key determinant of its ability to inhibit a wide range of serine proteases.
A simple, effective media access protocol system for integrated, high data rate networks (1992)

The operation and performance of a dual media access protocol for integrated, gigabit networks are described. Unlike other dual protocols, each protocol supports a different class of traffic. The Carrier Sensed Multiple Access-Ring Network (CSMA/RN) protocol and the Circulating Reservation Packet (CRP) protocol support asynchronous and synchronous traffic, respectively. The two protocols operate with minimal impact upon each other. Performance information demonstrates that they support a complete range of integrated traffic loads, do not require call setup/termination or a special node for synchronous traffic control, and provide effective pre-use and recovery. The CRP also provides guaranteed access and fairness control for the asynchronous system. The paper demonstrates that the CSMA-CRP system fulfills many of the requirements for gigabit LAN-MAN networks most effectively and simply. To accomplish this, CSMA-CRP features are compared against similar ring and bus systems, such as Cambridge Fast Ring, Metaring, Cyclic Reservation Multiple Access, and Distributed Dual Queue Data Bus (DQDB).
${\rm HfO}_{2}$ Based High-$k$ Inter-Gate Dielectrics for Planar NAND Flash Memory (2014)

We investigate the use of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> based high- k materials as inter-gate dielectric in hybrid floating gate based memory cells for planar NAND flash. The incorporation of Al or Gd in the HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> allows reaching higher k values as compared with pure HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> through different crystalline characteritics. However, a difficult compromise is to be found between the k value and low leakage due to grain boudaries in a material with large crystalline proportions. Hence, HfGdO reaches a k value as high as 23 but shows important leakage that translates into early program saturation and room temperature charge loss. The HfAlO has more moderate k of ~ 16 but shows lower leakage leading to improved device performances. Finally, a three layer stack where a high-k HfAlO layer is encapsulated into Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> thinner layers shows overall best compromise in terms of program/erase window and retention.
Design of a peptide hormone: synthesis and characterization of a model peptide with calcitonin-like activity (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDesign of a peptide hormone: synthesis and characterization of a model peptide with calcitonin-like activityGregory R. Moe, Richard J. Miller, and E. T. KaiserCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 12, 4100–4102Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00350a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00350a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations51LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Progress on the Structure and Function of Aquaporin 1 (1998)

Life exists in water as universal solvent, and cells need to deal with its influx and efflux. Nature has accomplished the almost impossible, creating membrane channels with both a high flux and a high specificity for water. The first water channel was discovered in red blood cell membranes. Today known as aquaporin-1, this channel was found to be closely related to the major integral protein (MIP)1 of the eye lens. Cloning and sequencing of numerous related proteins of the MIP family revealed the widespread occurrence of such channels, suggesting an essential physiological function. Their structures hold the clues to the remarkable water channel activity, as well as to the arrangement of transmembrane segments in general. Recent medium-resolution three-dimensional electron microscopic studies determined a tetrameric complex with six tilted transmembrane helices per monomer. The helices within each monomer surround a central density formed by two interhelical loops implicated by mutagenesis in the water channel function. A combination of sequence analysis and assignment of the observed densities to predicted helices provides a basis for speculation on the nature of the water course through the protein. In particular, four highly conserved polar residues, E142-N192-N76-E17, are proposed to form a chain of key groups involved in the pathway of water flow through the channel.
Embossed volume holograms: the Aztec structure (1989)

Embossed holograms are surface-relief structures that typically result from recordings made interferometrically by the off-axis technique, where the fringe maxima lie on planes predominantly perpendicular to the recording surface and with an intensity variation that is sinusoidal. A new type of holographic recording called Aztec is discussed that combines features of off-axis and volume recording schemes, with the result being a phase-quantized, or terraced surface relief pattern. The groove profile, instead of being sinusoidal, resembles a stepped pyramid. This structure can be replicated by metal mastering and molding into plastic in the same manner as conventional embossed holograms, but the diffraction characteristics are typical of volume holograms. Additional features include color control and information content, which is less for the single-layered, but stepped, Aztec structure than for the usual multilayered volume diffractive element. >
Variable rate MIMO communication with airborne platforms: An experimental study (2016)

Motivated by the need for robust and high throughput communication with airborne platforms, a variable rate MIMO scheme that combines the D-BLAST architecture with per antenna spreading was proposed. This paper is focused on the experimental study of this approach. We developed a software defined radio implementation of the variable rate MIMO system based on GNU Radio. Over the air transmission and reception is enabled by Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in realizing the throughput gain afforded by MIMO communication under potentially rank deficient channel conditions that are often present in an airborne environment.
Extrinsic Base Regrowth of p-InGaN for Npn-Type GaN/InGaN Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2004)

The regrowth of p-InGaN as the extrinsic base layer of Npn-type GaN/InGaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) significantly improves the ohmic characteristics of the base layer. The specific contact resistance is 7.8×10 -4 Ω·cm 2 even after the dry etching. This value for a non-alloyed ohmic contact is much better than that for as-grown p-GaN (1.7×10 -3 Ω·cm 2 ) and decreased turn-on voltage in the emitter-base diodes, which results in high current gains of up to 2000 and reduced offset voltages in the GaN/InGaN HBTs. These results show that the p-InGaN extrinsic base regrowth is an effective way to improve nitride HBT characteristics.
Photoactive Materials Applicable to Imaging Systems (1998)

Whereas many photoinitiator systems produce an acid to effect polymerization or a change in substrate acidity, few systems are available for reliable, high yielding formation of a base. Nitro-substituted urethanes 1a–i have been shown to afford excellent yields of primary or secondary alkyl or aryl amines on photolysis in the near UV and, more importantly, in the visible region, appropriate for exposure with standard light sources.
Specification of germ cell fate in mice (2003)

An early fundamental event during development is the segregation of germ cells from somatic cells. In many organisms, this is accomplished by the inheritance of preformed germ plasm, which apparently imposes transcriptional repression to prevent somatic cell fate. However, in mammals, pluripotent epiblast cells acquire germ cell fate in response to signalling molecules. We have used single cell analysis to study how epiblast cells acquire germ cell competence and undergo specification. Germ cell competent cells express Fragilis and initially progress towards a somatic mesodermal fate. However, a subset of these cells, the future primordial germ cells (PGCs), then shows rapid upregulation of Fragilis with concomitant transcriptional repression of a number of genes, including Hox and Smad genes. This repression may be a key event associated with germ cell specification. Furthermore, PGCs express Stella and other genes, such as Oct-4 that are associated with pluripotency. While these molecules are also detected in mature oocytes as maternally inherited factors, their early role is to regulate development and maintain pluripotency, and they do not serve the role of classical germline determinants.
Power aware scheduling and power control techniques for multiuser detection enabled wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (2010)

Multiuser Detection (MUD) based receivers theoretically require no power control (PC) as they have the ability to separate signals regardless of their relative power levels as long as these signals achieve a suitable SNR. In practice, receiver designs have finite dynamic range. In this paper, power aware scheduling (PAS) and power control (PC) algorithms are investigated to address the finite MUD dynamic range and performance results are shown. The final PAS algorithm and motivating factors behind the design selections made on the DARPA Interference Multiple Access (DIMA) program are highlighted as well as different approaches involving both scheduling and PC. The techniques selected on the DIMA program are currently operating as part of the DEVIA mobile real-time experiments.
Goods (2016)

Enterprises increasingly rely on structured datasets to run their businesses. These datasets take a variety of forms, such as structured files, databases, spreadsheets, or even services that provide access to the data. The datasets often reside in different storage systems, may vary in their formats, may change every day. In this paper, we present GOODS, a project to rethink how we organize structured datasets at scale, in a setting where teams use diverse and often idiosyncratic ways to produce the datasets and where there is no centralized system for storing and querying them. GOODS extracts metadata ranging from salient information about each dataset (owners, timestamps, schema) to relationships among datasets, such as similarity and provenance. It then exposes this metadata through services that allow engineers to find datasets within the company, to monitor datasets, to annotate them in order to enable others to use their datasets, and to analyze relationships between them. We discuss the technical challenges that we had to overcome in order to crawl and infer the metadata for billions of datasets, to maintain the consistency of our metadata catalog at scale, and to expose the metadata to users. We believe that many of the lessons that we learned are applicable to building large-scale enterprise-level data-management systems in general.
Dynamically Tunable Dry Adhesion via Subsurface Stiffness Modulation (2018)

Abstract Tunable dry adhesion has a range of applications, including transfer printing, climbing robots, and gripping in automated manufacturing processes. Here, a novel concept to achieve dynamically tunable dry adhesion via modulation of the stiffness of subsurface mechanical elements is introduced and demonstrated. A composite post structure, consisting of an elastomer shell and a core with a stiffness that can be tuned via application of electrical voltage, is fabricated. In the nonactivated state, the core is stiff and the effective adhesion strength between the composite post and contact surface is high. Activation of the core via application of electrical voltage reduces the stiffness of the core, resulting in a change in the stress distribution and driving force for delamination at the interface and, thus a reduction in the effective adhesion strength. The adhesion of composite posts with a range of dimensions is characterized and activation of the core is shown to reduce the adhesion by as much as a factor of 6. The experimentally observed reduction in adhesion is primarily due to the change in stiffness of the core. However, the activation of the core also results in heating of the interface and this plays a secondary role in the adhesion change.
A practical synthesis of (dichloromethyl)- and (1,1-dichloroethyl)boronic esters (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA practical synthesis of (dichloromethyl)- and (1,1-dichloroethyl)boronic estersDonald S. Matteson and Gerald D. HurstCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 7, 1465–1467Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/om00138a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views509Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (449 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Application of a human osteogenic sarcoma cell culture for detection of human cytomegalovirus antibody by immunofluorescence tests (1981)

A human osteogenic sarcoma cell culture is useful in the immunofluorescence serological test for detecting human cytomegalovirus antibody. These sarcoma cells are chronically infected with human cytomegalovirus and provide a constant number of immunofluorescence-positive cells.
Scrub Typhus Vaccine Candidate Kp r56 Induces Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Cynomolgus Monkeys (2005)

A truncated recombinant 56-kDa outer membrane protein of the Karp strain of Orientia tsutsugamushi (Kp r56) was evaluated in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) for immunogenicity and safety as a vaccine candidate for the prevention of scrub typhus. This recombinant antigen induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in two monkeys and was found to be well tolerated. Antigen-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG were produced to almost maximal levels within 1 week of a single immunization. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from vaccinated animals showed an induction of antigen-specific proliferation and gamma interferon production. The Kp r56 was not as efficient as infection with live organisms in preventing reinfection but was able to reduce the inflammation produced at the site of challenge. This report describes the results of the first systematic study of the immunogenicity of a recombinant scrub typhus vaccine candidate in a nonhuman primate model.
Low-Loss Electrooptic BaTiO&lt;tex&gt;$_3$&lt;/tex&gt;Thin Film Waveguide Modulator (2004)

A strip-loaded electrooptic waveguide modulator based on an epitaxial BaTiO/sub 3/ thin film was fabricated and characterized for the first time. The strip-loaded waveguide structure greatly improves waveguide propagation and polarization-dependent loss performance. A propagation loss of 1.1 dB/cm and polarization dependent loss of 0.1 dB/cm were measured. The electrooptic waveguide modulator exhibited a half-wave voltage-interaction length product of 4.5 V /spl middot/ cm at a wavelength of 1542 nm. The measured effective electrooptic coefficient of the as-grown BaTiO/sub 3/ waveguide modulator was 38 pm/V. The experimental results indicate that a strip-loaded thin film waveguide modulator is suitable for photonic applications.
Crystallographically textured self-biased W-type hexaferrites for X-band microwave applications (2013)

We report the magnetic and structural properties of a series of W-type barium hexaferrites of composition BaZn2−xCoxFe16O27, where x = 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25. The anisotropy field of these barium ferrites (BaW) decreased with the substitution of divalent Co ions, while they maintained crystallographic c-axis texture. The measured anisotropy field was ∼10 kOe, and a hysteresis loop squareness Mr/Ms = 79% was obtained due to well-controlled grain size within the range of single domain scale. These two properties make the BaW suitable for applications in microwave devices at lower frequencies, such as self-biased circulators operated at X-band frequencies.
Design and Analysis of a Novel Split Sliding Variable Nozzle for Turbocharger Turbine (2018)

Variable geometry turbine (VGT) has been widely applied in internal combustion engines to improve engine transient response and torque at light load. One of the most popular VGTs is the variable nozzle turbine (VNT) in which the nozzle vanes can be rotated along the pivoting axis and thus the flow passage through the nozzle can be adjusted to match with different engine operating conditions. One disadvantage of the VNT is the turbine efficiency degradation due to the leakage flow in the nozzle endwall clearance, especially at small nozzle open condition. With the purpose to reduce the nozzle leakage flow and to improve turbine stage efficiency, a novel split sliding variable nozzle turbine (SSVNT) has been proposed. In the SSVNT design, the nozzle is divided into two parts: one part is fixed and the other part can move along the partition surface. When sliding the moving vane to large radius position, the nozzle flow passage opens up and the turbine has high flow capacity. When sliding the moving vane to small radius position, the nozzle flow passage closes down and the turbine has low flow capacity. As the fixed vane does not need endwall clearance, the leakage flow through the nozzle can be reduced. Based on calibrated numerical simulation, there is up to 12% turbine stage efficiency improvement with the SSVNT design at small nozzle open condition while maintaining the same performance at large nozzle open condition. The mechanism of efficiency improvement in the SSVNT design has been discussed.