gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Effects of cochannel speech on speaker identification</title> (2001)

Past studies have shown that speaker identification (SID) algorithms that utilized LPC cepstral feature and a vector quantization classifier can be sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Many experiments have examined the effects of noise on the LPC cepstral feature. This work studies the effects of co-channel speech on a SID system. It has been found that co-channel interference will degrade the performance of a speaker identification system, but not significantly when compared to the effects of wideband noise on an SID system. Our results show that when the interfering speaker is modeled as one of the speakers within he training set, it has less of an effect on the performance of an SID system than when the interfering speaker is outside the set of modeled speakers.
Development of copper sulfide/cadmium sulfide thin-film solar cells (1981)

The purpose of this work has been to identify aspects of cell fabrication and treatment which are critical for achieving high efficiency Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cells. In approaching the problem several comparisons were made of the effects of specific steps in two methods of cell fabrication. These methods had previously given cells of about 6% and a maximum of 9% efficiency. Three areas requiring special attention and specific means to achieve acceptable results were identified. (1) The Cu/sub 2/S/CdS heterojunction area must be minimized. If single source evaporations of CdS are made on substrates whose temperatures (approx. 220/sup 0/C) are monitored and controlled using welded thermocouples, the CdS films will have adequately large grains (grain diameter greater than or equal to 2 ..mu..m) and will not develop significant etch pits during texturing in a mild etchant solution. (2) The termination of the wet barrier processing steps must be done carefully. An acceptable termination involves minimizing the amount of cuprous chloride retained on the cell surface during transfer to a rinsing stage while providing adequate exclusion of air from the space above the surface of the cuprous chloride solution. (3) Once formed, the Cu/sub 2/S layer should not be exposed to high temperatures (>100/sup 0/C) for long periods of time (> 5 min) if surface adsorbed moisture or oxygen are present. Heat treatments in ampoules under flowing hydrogen atmospheres should be preceded and followed by periods of at least 30 minutes at room temperature in the reducing ambient. If all these precautions are taken, wet chemical barrier processing of thermally evaporated CdS films on zinc-plated copper foil substrates yields cells of nearly 8% conversion efficiency without AR coating.
The antiguiding parameter in mid-infrared optically pumped semiconductor lasers (2010)

In this paper Hakki-Paoli method is used to measure the antiguiding parameter in three optically pumped mid-IR semiconductor lasers. Two of the lasers utilize W-quantum wells using 14 InAs/lnGaSb/lnAs wells imbedded in lattice-matched InGaAsSb layers. The thick quaternary layers act as a dilute waveguide as well as efficient absorbers of the pump radiation. The radiative transition is type-ll and occurs across the InAs to InGaSb interfaces. Wavelength tuning in this "broken-gap" band alignment is accomplished by increasing the width of the InAs electron wells which effectively lowers the energy of the trapped electronic state such that the emission moves to longer wavelengths. We compare the antiguiding parameter of two W-well lasers one with ~4 ML InAs the other with -5.5 ML of InAs operating at λ~3.5 μm and λ~4.5 μm, respectively. In addition, we compare the performance of the W-quantum well devices to a double heterostructure (DH) laser which contained a -1.5 μm InAsSb active region embedded in -2.5 μm thick AlAsSb clad regions. The emission of the DH was λ~3.8 μm. Laser devices were mounted epi-side down on a Cu heat sink and then placed in a LN2 cryostat which was cooled to 78K. The devices were pumped with the output of a λ = 1.85 μm laser diode array.
High speed VLSI architecture design for block turbo decoder (2003)

In this paper, a sub-optimal algorithm for decoding BCH (t /spl ges/ 2) turbo codes is presented. A high speed VLSI decoder architecture is proposed for codes constructed over extended GF(2/sup 5/). While the algorithm applies to higher order BCH product codes, it is shown that this particular block turbo codes, when decoded using the proposed algorithm, gives the best performance (achieving 10/sup -6/ bit error rate at a signal to noise ratio of 2.4 dB) among all two dimensional turbo product codes. Following an analysis of the impact of finite word-length effect on the performance of the SISO decoder, full parallel decoding architecture at the top level and a number of lower level high speed implementation strategies such as applying lookahead technique to reduce the critical path of the merge sort circuit and fast finite field operations are presented. Area and timing estimates obtained by logic synthesis (0.18 /spl mu/m, 1.5V CMOS technology) from VHDL descriptions are given to show how the design strategies translate into the area consumption and decoding throughput (> 32 Mbits/s.) of the VLSI implementation.
Grafnet: Using Graph Neural Networks to Create Table-Less Routers (2021)

Grafnet, a Graph Neural-Network (GNN)-based scheme learns IP-address-to-port mapping, leading to forwarding table-less routers. GNNs allow mapping network-wide features like adjacencies and addresses to generate new representations. Grafnet converts network-wide IP addresses to a feature space using GNNs. GNNs extrapolate node adjacencies onto a feature matrix, whose output tells which address/subnet is connected to a node and port. To do so, we use a GNN in conjunction with an Artificial Neural Network (ANN), whose output transforms graph adjacencies to address-based adjacencies. We exploit the fact that IP addresses are present in contiguous groups (subnets) or ‘ranges’. Large range sizes imply a better likelihood of Grafnets’ approximation, though with <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">enough</i> learning Grafnet learns just about all network-wide IP addresses, irrespective of range sizes. Grafnet is evaluated as an SDN scheme on (1) 75-node US-core network and (2) 2000-node, 5 million IP address-based random WAN topology. Analytically, we show equivalence between Grafnet and a Feed-forward neural network implying exhaustiveness and correctness. The proposed Grafnet model is able to work as a direct address translator without the need for tables in the forwarding plane of a router. Engineering considerations to implement Grafnet are also discussed.
Two-Wavelength Crossed-Grating Grating-Outcoupled Surface Emitting Laser (2005)

A grating surface emitting laser emitting two wavelengths from the same output aperture is demonstrated. The emission wavelengths are separated by ~10 nm (~1320 nm and ~1330 nm). The size of the outcoupler aperture is 10 μm ⨉ 10 μm.
Embree ray tracing kernels for CPUs and the Xeon Phi architecture (2013)

Modern CPUs achieve high computational throughput by implementing increasingly wide SIMD vector units (such as 8-wide AVX or 16-wide SIMD for the Xeon Phi instructions). Achieving optimal performance on these architectures requires leveraging these wide SIMD vector units effectively. We present Embree [Ernst and Woop 2011], an open source ray tracing library developed to show performance-focused graphics programmers how to take full advantage of multiple cores and wide SIMD units in the context of ray tracing. Embree features spatial acceleration structures and traversal algorithms that are optimized for CPUs and the Intel Xeon Phi architecture. In particular, Embree supports hybrid ray packet/single ray traversal algorithms---optimized for both CPUs and Xeon Phi---that are designed to handle both coherent and incoherent workloads efficiently [Benthin et al. 2012]. While a first version of Embree originally focused only on single ray traversal on SSE- or AVX-enabled CPUs, this talk specifically covers the upcoming Embree 2.0 release that explicitly also supports the Xeon Phi architecture, adds support for packet tracing, two level hierarchies, partial scene updates, dynamic content, and virtual intersectors for user defined primitives.
Color Filter-Less LCDs in Achieving High Contrast and Low Power Consumption by Stencil Field-Sequential-Color Method (2010)

The field-sequential-color liquid crystal display (FSC-LCD) without a color filter enables high light efficiency, wide color gamut, and low material cost. However, the visual defect of color breakup (CBU) is perceived when relative velocities exist between the screen image and the human eye. We proposed the Stencil-FSC method with a 240-Hz field rate to make CBU imperceptible. Given the Stencil-FSC method, the hardware parameters were optimized to reduce hardware complexity while maintaining sufficient suppression of CBU. After implementing Stencil-FSC on a 32-in FSC-LCD, the image contrast ratio was shown to be ten times more than that of a conventional CCFL LCD, and the average power consumption was reduced to less than 35 W-a 67% savings in power consumption.
Augur: Data-Parallel Probabilistic Modeling (2014)

Implementing inference procedures for each new probabilistic model is time-consuming and error-prone. Probabilistic programming addresses this problem by allowing a user to specify the model and then automatically generating the inference procedure. To make this practical it is important to generate high per-formance inference code. In turn, on modern architectures, high performance re-quires parallel execution. In this paper we present Augur, a probabilistic modeling language and compiler for Bayesian networks designed to make effective use of data-parallel architectures such as GPUs. We show that the compiler can generate data-parallel inference code scalable to thousands of GPU cores by making use of the conditional independence relationships in the Bayesian network. 1
Sterilization Method for Medical Container Using Microwave‐Excited Volume‐Wave Plasma (2012)

Abstract We demonstrate a novel sterilization technique that sterilizes medical instruments stored in medical containers by generating a microwave‐excited volume‐wave plasma inside medical containers using a planar microwave launcher. We confirmed that a plasma was generated inside the medical container by the microwaves transmitted through the heat‐resistant plastic lid of the container. A Langmuir probe was used to study the characteristics of the microwave‐excited volume‐wave plasma generated inside the container. The inactivation characteristics of Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores set inside the medical container were also investigated. 2.3 × 10 6 spores were inactivated after irradiation for 40 min or longer by a plasma generated in a simulated air mixture. This inactivation time could be reduced to 30 min by adding water vapor to the air‐simulated plasma. magnified image
<title>Development of a novel high-contrast cassette/film/screen system for radiation therapy portal localization imaging</title> (1997)

Radiation therapy portal images have traditionally exhibited poor discrimination of areas of interest, due to low subject contrast of anatomical parts being imaged at megavoltage energies, and the contrast capabilities of the image receptors. As a result of this low contrast, positioning of the radiation beam and placement of shielding blocks can be difficult. A novel, high-contrast cassette/film/screen system has ben developed and clinically evaluated for portal imaging. This system features a copper front screen, a gadolinium oxysulfide, terbium activated intensifying screens and a slow speed film with inherently high contrast. Very high film contrast is achieved by narrow grain size distribution and metal ion doping of the silver halide microcrystals. This high-contrast film is exposed by light from the intensifying screen, further increasing contrast. Sensitometric data indicates this new system to have 3.5X greater contrast than conventional portal localization imaging systems at comparable monitor units. Initial clinical evaluation indicates this new system to yield significantly superior images showing clearer definition of structures and was much easier to read and interpret.
InCheck (2017)

An ideal solution for soft error tolerance should hide the effect of soft errors from user and provide correct results at expected time. Software solutions are attractive because they can provide flexible reliability without imposing any hardware modifications. Our investigation of state-of-the-art error recovery techniques reveals that they suffer from poor coverage (ability to detect and correctly recover from soft errors). This paper presents InCheck (In-application Checkpointing and Recovery) as an effective, safe and timely software technique for complete error coverage. The key features of InCheck are: verified register preservation, single memory location checkpoints, and safe & timely recovery. To evaluate the effectiveness of InCheck, we performed more than 210,000 fault injection experiments on different hardware components of an ARM cortex53-like processor running MiBench applications. The original and SWIFTR (state-of-the-art) protected programs suffered from 8000 and 1800 instances of wrong outputs respectively, but when protected by InCheck, there was no failure.
Megabits Secure Key Rate Quantum Key Distribution (2009)

Imperfect practical conditions limit communication speed of Quantum cryptography. Here we implement differential phase shift quantum key distribution with up-conversion assisted hybrid photon detector to achieve 1.3M bits/s secure key rate over a 10-km fiber.
Integration Mechanisms towards Hard Tissue of Ca-Aluminate Based Biomaterials (2008)

Six mechanisms have been identified, which control how Ca-aluminate materials are integrated onto tissue; 1) Main reaction, the hydration step of CA, 2) Apatite formation in presence of phosphate ions in the biomaterial, 3) Apatite formation in the contact zone in presence of body liquid, 4) Transformation of hydrated Ca-aluminate into apatite and gibbsite, 5) Biological induced integration and ingrowth, i.e. bone formation at the contact zone, and 6) Mass increase reaction, especially important when un-hydrated CA is used as coatings or as augmentation pastes. These six mechanisms affect the integration differently depending on a) what type of tissue the biomaterial is in contact with, b) in what state (un-hydrated or hydrated) the CA is introduced, and c) what type of application is aimed at (cementation, dental fillings, endodontic fillings, sealants, coatings and augmentation products). Both a pure nanostructural mechanically controlled integration, and a chemically induced integration seem plausible.
An Electrolyte for Low Temperature Applications of Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries (1998)

Abstract : An electrolyte consisting of a 1.0 molar solution of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) in 1:1:1 ethylene carbonate (EC) dimethyl carbonate (DMC) ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) is proposed for low temperature applications. The new electrolyte has good conductivity and electrochemical stability. Lithium and lithium-ion cells using the new electrolyte were found to be operable at temperatures down to -40 C.
MK-7009, a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Hepatitis C Virus NS3/4A Protease (2009)

The administration of hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3/4A protease inhibitors to patients with chronic HCV infections has demonstrated that they have dramatic antiviral effects and that compounds acting via this mechanism are likely to form a key component of future anti-HCV therapy. We report here on the preclinical profile of MK-7009, an inhibitor of genotype 1a and 1b proteases at subnanomolar concentrations with modestly shifted potency against genotype 2a and 2b proteases at low nanomolar concentrations. Potent activity was also observed in a cell-based HCV replicon assay in the presence of added human serum (50%). In multiple species evaluated in preclinical studies, the MK-7009 concentrations in the liver were maintained at a significant multiple of the cell-based replicon 50% effective concentration over 12 to 24 h following the administration of moderate oral doses (5 to 10 mg per kg of body weight). MK-7009 also had excellent selectivity against both a range of human proteases and a broad panel of pharmacologically relevant ion channels, receptors, and enzymes. On the basis of this favorable profile, MK-7009 was selected for clinical development and is currently being evaluated in controlled clinical trials with both healthy volunteers and HCV-infected patients.
Porphyrin Nanofiber Bundles from Phase‐Transfer Ionic Self‐Assembly and Their Photocatalytic Self‐Metallization (2006)

Porphyrin nanofiber bundles (see figure) are synthesized by a novel phase-transfer ionic self-assembly technique, allowing the use of a wide range of water-insoluble porphyrin tectons. Their photocatalytic self-metallization with Pt, Au, Ag, or Pt–Au alloys result in unusual porphyrin–metal composite nanostructures with potential applications in catalysis, sensing, and solar hydrogen production.
Fluorescent antibody test for the serological diagnosis of gonorrhea (1976)

An indirect fluorescent antibody technique has been developed for the serological diagnosis of gonorrhea. The selected strain(s) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae possesses a heat-labile surface antigen (L-antigen). Sera are diluted 1:10, and an aliquot is hear inactivated at 59 C for 30 min. The treated and untreated aliquots are then examined for human immunoglobulin G anti-L-antigen. In a prelimiary study of 495 sera, 95% of those from women with a bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis of gorrhea and 87% of those from male patients were reactive in this test, whereas only 1.4% fo the sera from presumably normal individuals were reactive.
Flexible DFT-S-OFDM: Solutions and Challenges (2016)

Discrete Fourier transform spread orthogonal DFT-S-OFDM, adopted in 3GPP LTE uplink, enables the synthesis of block-based single carrier waveforms with various bandwidths by changing the size of the DFT-spread block. Conceptually, it also allows a transition between block-based multicarrier and single-carrier schemes when multiple DFT-spread blocks are employed in the structure. Recently, it has been shown that DFT-S-OFDM can also accommodate an internal guard period that offers flexibility on the duration of the guard periods without affecting the symbol duration. In this article, we present further modifications of DFT-S-OFDM that offer improvements in flexibility and discuss the latest enabling techniques on this topic. Considering the flexibility introduced by DFTs-OFDM and its variations, the DFT-S-OFDM family also offers a set of promising waveforms for 5G networks, which will require a flexible physical layer.
Communication: Synthetic Studies on Sialoglycoconjugates 25: Reactivity of Glycosyl Promoters in α-Glycosylation of N-Acetyl-Neuraminic Acid with the Primary and Secondary Hydroxyl Groups in the Suitably Protected Galactose and Lactose Derivatives (1991)

Abstract Development of an efficient α-glycoside synthesis of sialic acids is critically significant for the syntheses of sialoglycoconjugates, especially gangliosides which carry important biological functions1 in biological systems. Previously, we demonstrated2 a new α-glycosylation of sialic acids by use of dimethyl(methylthio)sulfonium triflate (DMTST)3 as the glycosyl promoter, the suitably protected glycosyl acceptors and the methyl 2-thioglycoside 1 of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) as the donor in acetonitrile under kinetically controlled conditions, and accomplished4 the syntheses of a variety of gangliosides and their analogs.
Pubsub: An Efficient Publish/Subscribe System (2014)

Pubsub is a versatile, efficient, and scalable content-based publish/subscribe system. This paper describes the architecture of Pubsub together with some of its current capabilities. A version of Pubsub optimized for event processing was benchmarked against the publish/subscribe systems BE-Tree and Siena, which also are optimized for event processing. Although the run time performance of both BE-Tree and Pubsub is orders of magnitude better than that of Siena, BE-Tree is able to handle only a restricted class of predicates while Pubsub can handle most predicate types handled by Siena. On our tests, the speedup of the fastest version of Pubsub relative to Siena ranged from a low of 18 to a high of 1,703 and averaged 185. The speedup range relative to BE-Tree was up to 9.81 and averaged 2.37. Siena’s memory requirements are about a fourth of those of BE-Tree and Pubsub. The memory required by the most memory efficient of Pubsub ’s data structures was between 4 and 16 percent less that required by BE-Tree. With respect to data structure initialization, the three systems took a comparable amount of time on some data sets while on some Pubsub could be initialized in 1/7th time required to initialize Siena and 1/14th that to initialize BE-Tree. Pubsub achieves its high performance from the use of very efficient data structures and event matching algorithms.
On using implied values in EDT-based test compression (2014)

On-chip test compression has quickly established itself as one of the mainstream design-for-test (DFT) methodologies. It assumes that a tester delivers test patterns in a compressed form, and on-chip decompressors expand them into actual data loaded into scan chains. This paper presents a new and comprehensive method to boost performance of sequential test compression and ATPG operations. The approach is primarily aimed at reducing CPU time associated with generating and compressing test patterns. It prevents ATPG from assigning specified values to many inputs in order to cut down a time-consuming backtracking process needed to resolve conflicts leading to compression aborts. The proposed scheme efficiently combines test compression constraints with ATPG. Experimental results obtained for industrial designs illustrate feasibility of the proposed scheme and are reported herein.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2‘,3‘-Didehydro-2‘,3‘-dideoxy-5- fluorocytidine (D4FC) Analogues:  Discovery of Carbocyclic Nucleoside Triphosphates with Potent Inhibitory Activity against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase (1999)

The discovery of a novel cytosine nucleoside, beta-D-2', 3'-didehydro-2',3'-dideoxy-5-fluorocytidine (D-D4FC), as a potent antihuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) agent led us to synthesize a series of analogues and derivatives of beta-D-D4FC that could be more selective and also possess increased glycosidic bond stability. The synthesized D-D4FC analogues were evaluated for anti-HIV-1 activity, anticancer activity, and cytotoxicity in various cells. The biological data demonstrated that the 5-substitution of beta-D-D4FC with bromine (6c) and iodine (6d) resulted in the loss of antiviral activity, and the alpha-D anomer (7a) of D-D4FC was also devoid of activity. The 5-fluorouracil analogues (6b and 7b) of D-D4FC were less potent and more cytotoxic than the parent compound, whereas the beta-L-D4FU (11) showed both potent anti-HIV-1 activity and cytotoxicity. N4- and 5'-O-acyl derivatives (17, 15a-c) of beta-D-D4FC exhibited comparable antiviral activity to beta-D-D4FC. In contrast, the N4-isopropyl derivative (20) of beta-D-D4FC was not active against HIV-1, even at 100 microM. The carbocyclic analogues (26a,b) of D4FC demonstrated weak activity against HIV-1 and no toxicity in various cells. The triphosphates (27a,b) of the carbocyclic nucleosides demonstrated potent inhibitory activity against recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase at submicromolar concentrations. Of the compounds tested as potential anticancer agents, beta-D-, alpha-D-, and beta-L-D4FU (6b, 7b, 11) showed inhibitory activity against rat glioma and modest activity against human lung carcinoma, lymphoblastoid, and skin melanoma cells.