gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Endogenous Cannabinoid Receptor Ligand Induces the Migration of Human Natural Killer Cells (2005)

2-Arachidonoylglycerol is an endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Evidence is gradually accumulating which shows that 2-arachidonoylglycerol plays important physiological roles in several mammalian tissues and cells, yet the details remain ambiguous. In this study, we first examined the effects of 2-arachidonoylglycerol on the motility of human natural killer cells. We found that 2-arachidonoylglycerol induces the migration of KHYG-1 cells (a natural killer leukemia cell line) and human peripheral blood natural killer cells. The migration of natural killer cells induced by 2-arachidonoylglycerol was abolished by treating the cells with SR144528, a CB2 receptor antagonist, suggesting that the CB2 receptor is involved in the 2-arachidonoylglycerol-induced migration. In contrast to 2-arachidonoylglycerol, anandamide, another endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, did not induce the migration. Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, a major psychoactive constituent of marijuana, also failed to induce the migration; instead, the addition of delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol together with 2-arachidonoylglycerol abolished the migration induced by 2-arachidonoylglycerol. It is conceivable that the endogenous ligand for the cannabinoid receptor, that is, 2-arachidonoylglycerol, affects natural killer cell functions such as migration, thereby contributing to the host-defense mechanism against infectious viruses and tumor cells.
Flexural Testing of Molybdenum-Silicon-Boron Alloys Reacted from Molybdenum, Silicon Nitride, and Boron Nitride (2007)

MoSiB alloys show promise as the next-generation turbine blade material due to their high-temperature strength and oxidation resistance afforded by a protective borosilicate surface layer. Powder processing and reactive synthesis of these alloys has proven to be a viable method and offers several advantages over conventional melt processing routes. Microstructures obtained have well-dispersed intermetallics in a continuous matrix of molybdenum solid-solution (Mo-ss). However, bend testing of pure Mo and Mo-ss samples has shown that, while the powder processing route can produce ductile Mo metal, the hardening effect of Si and B in solid-solution renders the matrix brittle. Testing at elevated temperatures (200°C) was performed in order to determine the ductile-to-brittle transition temperature of the metal as an indication of ductility. Methods of ductilizing the Mo-ss matrix such as annealing and alloying additions have been investigated.
Neuropilin-1 Signaling through p130<sup>Cas</sup> Tyrosine Phosphorylation Is Essential for Growth Factor-Dependent Migration of Glioma and Endothelial Cells (2011)

Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and plays an important role in mediating cell motility. However, the NRP1 signaling pathways important for cell motility are poorly understood. Here we report that p130(Cas) tyrosine phosphorylation is stimulated by hepatocyte growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor in U87MG glioma cells and VEGF in endothelial cells and is dependent on NRP1 via its intracellular domain. In endothelial cells, NRP1 silencing reduced, but did not prevent, VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) phosphorylation, while expression of a mutant form of NRP1 lacking the intracellular domain (NRP1ΔC) did not affect receptor phosphorylation in U87MG cells or human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In HUVECs, NRP1 was also required for VEGF-induced phosphorylation of proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2, which was necessary for p130(Cas) phosphorylation. Importantly, knockdown of NRP1 or p130(Cas) or expression of either NRP1ΔC or a non-tyrosine-phosphorylatable substrate domain mutant protein (p130(Cas15F)) was sufficient to inhibit growth factor-mediated migration of glioma and endothelial cells. These data demonstrate for the first time the importance of the NRP1 intracellular domain in mediating a specific signaling pathway downstream of several receptor tyrosine kinases and identify a critical role for a novel NRP1-p130(Cas) pathway in the regulation of chemotaxis.
Junction termination extension for near-ideal breakdown voltage in p-n junctions (1986)

Extremely high breakdown voltages with very low leakage current have been achieved in plane and planar p-n junctions by using an ion-implanted junction extension for precise control of the depletion region charge in the junction termination. A theory is presented that shows a greatly improved control of both the peak surface and bulk electric fields in reverse biased p-n junctions. Experimental results show breakdown voltages greater than 95 percent of the ideal breakdown voltage with lower leakage currents than corresponding unimplanted devices. As an example, plane-junction moat-etch-terminated diodes with a normal breakdown voltage of 1050 V and a 0.5-mA leakage current become 1400 V (1450 ideal) devices with a 5-µA leakage current. Planar junctions, which broke down at 300 V, blocked as much as 1400 V if JTE terminated. Since planar junctions are of the greatest interest, we incorporated multiple field ring, field plate, and JTE terminations on a mask set and fabricated and tested thousands of devices. The results clearly showed that the ideal breakdown voltage can be achieved with less than 200 µm with JTE, where the same area would lead to 30 to 45 percent of the ideal with field rings and up to 40 to 50 percent of the ideal when used with field rings combined with field plates. Eight rings, even combined with a field plate, yielded less than 80 percent of the ideal breakdown voltage and required about 400 µm of device periphery.
A network of co-operative cameras for visual surveillance (2005)

A network of co-operative cameras for the visual surveillance of parking lots is presented. Such a network employs multiple subnets able to manage static and active cameras in a hierarchical framework. The system is able to track multiple targets simultaneously and in real-time throughout the controlled areas. The positions of detected objects, computed from different sensors, are fused considering a dynamic reliability factor for each sensor reading. Close-up recordings of suspicious events are obtained by tasking the active camera systems (ACSs). The co-operation is performed through a multicast communication system studied to transmit useful data both intra and inter networks. In particular, information about the position of the object to track, sent by a static camera system (SCS), is used by an ACS to operate an initial repositioning. The ACS compensates background changes owing to the camera motion, detects mobile objects in the scene and autonomously tracks the object of interest. Tracking results are presented in the context of a video surveillance application for a parking lot.
Enhancing Automated Program Repair with Deductive Verification (2016)

Automated program repair (APR) is a challenging process of detecting bugs, localizing buggy code, generating fix candidates and validating the fixes. Effectiveness of program repair methods relies on the generated fix candidates, and the methods used to traverse the space of generated candidates to search for the best ones. Existing approaches generate fix candidates based on either syntactic searches over source code or semantic analysis of specification, e.g., test cases. In this paper, we propose to combine both syntactic and semantic fix candidates to enhance the search space of APR, and provide a function to effectively traverse the search space. We present an automated repair method based on structured specifications, deductive verification and genetic programming. Given a function with its specification, we utilize a modular verifier to detect bugs and localize both program statements and sub-formulas in the specification that relate to those bugs. While the former are identified as buggy code, the latter are transformed as semantic fix candidates. We additionally generate syntactic fix candidates via various mutation operators. Best candidates, which receives fewer warnings via a static verification, are selected for evolution though genetic programming until we find one satisfying the specification. Another interesting feature of our proposed approach is that we efficiently ensure the soundness of repaired code through modular (or compositional) verification. We implemented our proposal and tested it on C programs taken from the SIR benchmark that are seeded with bugs, achieving promising results.
<b>TRANSGLUTAMINASE IN ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM BOVINE CAROTID </b><b>ARTERY </b> (1987)

The transglutaminase activity was found in cytosol and membrane fractions of endothelial cells from bovine carotid artery. The molecular weight was estimated to be approximately 58,000 by gel permeation chromatography. Addition of retinoids (retinol, retinal and retinoic acid) to the culture medium of endothelial cells caused a marked increase in the transglutaminase activity, and also in specific uptake of low density lipoprotein by endothelial cells.
Storage of sialic acid‐containing carbohydrates in the placenta of a human galactosialidosis fetus (1988)

From the placenta of a human fetus with galactosialidosis, detected by prenatal diagnosis, sialyloligosaccharides were isolated by successively gel-permeation chromatography on Bio-Gel P-6, anion-exchange chromatography on Mono Q and high-performance liquid chromatography on Lichrosorb-NH2. 16 sialic acid-containing N-glycosidic N-acetyllactosamine type of structures were identified by sugar analysis and 500-MHz 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The fully sialylated oligosaccharides differ from each other in the type of branching (mono-, di-, tri-, tri'- and tetra-antennary) or sialic acid linkage types (alpha 2-3/alpha 2-6). The isolated carbohydrates, including six novel structures, can be presented as follows (the numerals in a column represents one compound). (formula; see text).
An energy transfer accompanied by phonon absorption in ytterbium-doped yttrium aluminum perovskite for optical refrigeration (2020)

Yttrium aluminum perovskite (YAP) is a host material that can provide a strong emission from a rare-earth dopant and it has a lower phonon energy than yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG). Therefore, YAP is a promising material for optical refrigeration and radiation balanced laser. We measured the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ytterbium (Yb)-doped YAP and compared them with those of Yb-doped YAG. The estimated ideal laser cooling efficiencies of Yb-doped YAP and Yb-doped YAG were comparable at 300 K. Based on the temperature-dependent anti-Stokes PL, we found that the laser cooling power of Yb-doped YAP at 470 K is 14.3 times higher than that at 200 K. This enhancement at higher temperatures is 3.2 times larger than that observed for Yb-doped YAG. We attributed the higher laser cooling power of Yb-doped YAP to a lower multi-phonon relaxation rate (and/or a higher energy transfer rate) and an antenna effect caused by the energy transfer from Yb ions that are located at the Y-site to Yb ions that are surrounded by an inhomogeneous alloy structure. The calculated small signal gain of (Yb:Y)AP is 3.5 times larger than that of (Yb:Y)AG. The larger small signal gain of (Yb:Y)AP arises from its strong absorbance and small Stark splitting width.
The Effect of Variable Chord Length on Transonic Axial Rotor Performance (2002)

Aircraft fan and compressor blade leading edges suffer from atmospheric particulate erosion that reduces aerodynamic performance. Recontouring the blade leading edge region can restore blade performance. This process typically results in blades of varying chord length. The question therefore arises as to whether performance of refurbished fans and compressors could be further improved if blades of varying chord length are installed into the disk in a certain order. To investigate this issue the aerodynamic performance of a transonic compressor rotor operating with blades of varying chord length was measured in back-to-back compressor test rig entries. One half of the rotor blades were the full nominal chord length while the remaining half of the blades were cut back at the leading edge to 95% of chord length and recontoured. The rotor aerodynamic performance was measured at 100, 80, and 60% of design speed for three blade installation configurations: nominal-chord blades in half of the disk and short-chord blades in half of the disk; four alternating quadrants of nominal-chord and short-chord blades; nominal-chord and short-chord blades alternating around the disk. No significant difference in performance was found between configurations, indicating that blade chord variation is not important to aerodynamic performance above the stall chord limit if leading edges have the same shape. The stall chord limit for most civil aviation turbofan engines is between 94–96% of nominal (new) blade chord.
Monte Carlo simulation of InP and GaAs MESFETs (1994)

We have performed Monte Carlo simulations of InP MESFETs of lengths 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 mu m and compared these results with those on GaAs MESFETs of the same dimensions. The direct current IV characteristics of the two materials were found to be similar though the GaAs characteristics were on the whole superior, reaching their operating point at lower drain voltages and possessing higher gains. However, oscillations in the drain current caused by changes in drain voltage in the GaAs devices were not present to the same degree in the InP devices. This difference is caused partially by the onset of the negative differential regime in InP at a higher electric field than in GaAs but the primary cause is the longer ballistic transport times in InP. This suggests that InP MESFETs may prove to have superior frequency response characteristics than GaAs MESFETs.
High-Efficiency Electromagnetic Wave Controlling with All-Dielectric Huygens’ Metasurfaces (2015)

Subwavelength dielectric blocks with varying thicknesses are introduced to realize 0∼2<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>π</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>phase change. A Huygens’ metasurface composed of such nonuniform building blocks is shown to efficiently refract normally incident waves in a broadband. According to the same physical mechanism, we fabricate an electrically thin lens with concentric subwavelength dielectric blocks and integrate it with a patch antenna to form a three-dimensional (3D) ultra-low-profile lens antenna system. Full-wave simulation demonstrates the lens antenna’s excellent performances in high directivity, broadband, low loss, and low side-lobe levels.
Design of an Augmented Reality Magnification Aid for Low Vision Users (2018)

Augmented reality (AR) systems that enhance visual capabilities could make text and other fine details more accessible for low vision users, improving independence and quality of life. Prior work has begun to investigate the potential of assistive AR, but recent advancements enable new AR visualizations and interactions not yet explored in the context of assistive technology. In this paper, we follow an iterative design process with feedback and suggestions from seven visually impaired participants, designing and testing AR magnification ideas using the Microsoft HoloLens. Participants identified several advantages to the concept of head-worn magnification (e.g., portability, privacy, ready availability), and to our AR designs in particular (e.g., a more natural reading experience and the ability to multitask). We discuss the strengths and weaknesses of this AR magnification approach and summarize lessons learned throughout the process.
A competitive genetic algorithm for resource‐constrained project scheduling (1998)

In this paper we consider the resource-constrained project scheduling problem (RCPSP) with makespan minimization as objective. We propose a new genetic algorithm approach to solve this problem. Subsequently, we compare it to two genetic algorithm concepts from the literature. While our approach makes use of a permutation based genetic encoding that contains problem-specific knowledge, the other two procedures employ a priority value based and a priority rule based representation, respectively. Then we present the results of our thorough computational study for which standard sets of project instances have been used. The outcome reveals that our procedure is the most promising genetic algorithm to solve the RCPSP. Finally, we show that our genetic algorithm yields better results than several heuristic procedures presented in the literature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 45: 733–750, 1998
An oxindole efflux inhibitor potentiates azoles and impairs virulence in the fungal pathogen Candida auris (2020)

Candida auris is an emerging fungal pathogen that exhibits resistance to multiple drugs, including the most commonly prescribed antifungal, fluconazole. Here, we use a combinatorial screening approach to identify a bis-benzodioxolylindolinone (azoffluxin) that synergizes with fluconazole against C. auris. Azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity through the inhibition of efflux pump Cdr1, thus increasing intracellular fluconazole levels. This activity is conserved across most C. auris clades, with the exception of clade III. Azoffluxin also inhibits efflux in highly azole-resistant strains of Candida albicans, another human fungal pathogen, increasing their susceptibility to fluconazole. Furthermore, azoffluxin enhances fluconazole activity in mice infected with C. auris, reducing fungal burden. Our findings suggest that pharmacologically targeting Cdr1 in combination with azoles may be an effective strategy to control infection caused by azole-resistant isolates of C. auris.
Thermochemical production of hydrogen from water. Quarterly report, January 1--March 31, 1974 (1974)

to a fusion energy source at 1500/sup 0/K. The improved design was based on a reduction endothermic requirement for Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 2SO/sub 3/ decomposition and a lower voltage for SO/sub 2/ electrolysis that should result at lower acid concentrations. Experimental results showed an endothermic heat requirement of +172 kJ/mol for the decomposition of Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 2SO/sub 3/ to Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . SO/sub 3/ and SO/sub 3/. Reaction times for bismuth sulfate decomposition were determined as a function of temperature. At 1240 K, <1.5 min were required for the first two stages of decomposition from Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 3SO/sub 3/ to Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . SO/sub 3/. In tests made to determine the feasibility of decomposing Bi/sub 2/O/sub 3/ . 2SO/sub 3/ in a fluidized bed, the solid particles agglomerated when heated. Solid particles suitable for fluidization will be sought through new approaches.
A combined radiolabelling and silver staining technique for improved visualisation, localisation, and identification of proteins separated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2001)

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) remains the method of choice for the Separation of protein mixtures whilst mass spectrometry (MS) is rapidly becoming the premier tool for protein identification. When combined, 2-DE and MS form the current operating paradigm for classical proteomics. One of the key challenges of proteome research is that of detecting and identifying all of the elements (proteins) of a proteome. Silver staining and radiolabelling, e.g. with 35S-methionine ([35S]-met), represent two sensitive methods used to visualise many of the constitutive and synthesised elements of a proteome, respectively. The latter method allows a very low total protein loading on a two-dimensional (2-D) gel and challenges protein identification using current MS-based technology. Therefore, it is necessary to refer to and locate a radiolabelled spot's cognate on a preparatively loaded stained gel, or Western blot, and use that protein spot for identification. Unfortunately, the images of autoradiographs and preparative gels or blots, even of the same sample, often do not correspond making it difficult to accurately locate and select spots of interest by visual comparison. We have established a technique that permits the unambiguous localisation of radiolabelled proteins on the same silver stained 2-D gel. Protein identification of superimposed spots is described by peptide mass fingerprinting and database searching using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry and by peptide sequencing using tandem MS by hybrid quadrupole/orthogonal acceleration time of flight MS (Q-TOF).
Conceptual Evolutionary Design by a Genetic Algorithm (1997)

This paper describes a prototype design system which uses a genetic algorithm to evolve new conceptual designs from scratch (i.e. without the input of preliminary designs). The system is applied to a set of design tasks which are 'hard' for a genetic algorithm: the design of optical prisms. These demonstration problems consist of the generation of appropriate geometries for optical prisms to allow light to be directed through them according to various design specifications. Despite the deceptive nature of the problem for evolutionary search, the system is shown to create numerous types of prism successfully, either performing the whole\ndesign process entirely itself, or assembling\nnew designs out of smaller, previously evolved\ncomponents.
Adaptive seeds tame genomic sequence comparison (2011)

The main way of analyzing biological sequences is by comparing and aligning them to each other. It remains difficult, however, to compare modern multi-billionbase DNA data sets. The difficulty is caused by the nonuniform (oligo)nucleotide composition of these sequences, rather than their size per se. To solve this problem, we modified the standard seed-and-extend approach (e.g., BLAST) to use adaptive seeds. Adaptive seeds are matches that are chosen based on their rareness, instead of using fixed-length matches. This method guarantees that the number of matches, and thus the running time, increases linearly, instead of quadratically, with sequence length. LAST, our open source implementation of adaptive seeds, enables fast and sensitive comparison of large sequences with arbitrarily nonuniform composition.
Band gap widening with time induced by structural relaxation in amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 films (2012)

In a phase change memory the device resistance corresponding to the amorphous phase monotonically increases with time after the reset programming operation. This phenomenon, called drift, affects the stability of the high resistive state, namely the reset state. In this work we investigate the resistance-drift process through ellipsometric measurements as a function of time in thin film of as-deposited amorphous Ge2Sb2Te5 alloy. We show a tight correlation between the resistance increase with time and the optical band gap widening extracted by ellipsometric measurements. This characterization supports the drift origin due to a structural atomic rearrangement of the amorphous network affecting the band structure that, in particular, promotes the increase of the energy gap and the reduction of localized states within the energy gap.