gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Feasibility Assessment of Topically Applied Drug Formulations for Electroporation (2003)

Few studies have been reported on the design of topical formulations consisting of electrodes and active drugs for electroporation as a means to increase skin permeability of the drugs, although many studies were reported for the effect of this physical means using aqueous drug solutions. We, therefore, designed a prototypic reservoir and matrix topical formulations that are suitable for electroporation in the present study. Plate-plate Ag electrodes and sodium diclofenac were used as model electrodes and the drug, respectively. The in vitro skin permeations of the drug obtained from the reservoir and matrix formulations were slightly higher than that from an aqueous suspension. This may be due to slightly higher electric field in the skin barrier for the presently designed formulations than that for the aqueous suspension. The present feasibility test suggests that these reservoirs and matrix formulations are useful prototypic topical formulations for electroporation application to improve the drug permeability through skin.
Is Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy the new gold standard for breast cancer diagnosis (2003)

A. Use robust classification methods to analyse magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data at 8.5 Tesla (T) of fine needle aspirate biopsies (FNAB) taken from breast tumours. The resultant data, when compared with the histopathology and clinical criteria, would provide computerised classification-based diagnosis and prognosis with a high degree of accuracy and reliability. B. Develop MR hardware and software required for use of the MRS technology in routine clinical/diagnostic settings and document avenues for acceptance testing at clinical sites. C. Develop the MRS methodology to determine the pathology for a breast lesion non-invasively in vivo at 1.5 T.
A Novel Atypical Retinoid Endowed with Proapoptotic and Antitumor Activity (2003)

The novel atypical retinoid E-3-(4'-hydroxy-3'-adamantylbiphenyl-4-yl)acrylic acid (ST1926, 4) exhibited a potent antiproliferative activity on a large panel of human tumor cells. Despite almost complete loss of ability to activate RARs, the compound was an effective apoptosis inducer and surprisingly produced DNA damage, that likely contributes to the proapoptotic activity. Following oral administration, 4 was well tolerated and caused tumor growth inhibition in the ovarian carcinoma, A2780/DX, and in the human melanoma, MeWo, growing in nude mice, thus supporting the therapeutic interest of the novel agent.
A 2.1GHz 6.5mW 64-bit Unified PopCount/BitScan Datapath Unit for 65nm High-Performance Microprocessor Execution Cores (2008)

This paper describes a unified popcount/bitscanforward/bitscanreverse datapath circuit designed for 2.1GHz operation with total power consumption of 6.5 mW, targeted for 65 nm 64-bit microprocessor execution cores. The unified datapath uses a hybrid 3:2 compressor-based Wallace tree to count the number of '1's in the 64-bit input, along with a novel encoding scheme that enables reuse of the same tree to identify the bit-location of the 1 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">st</sup> set bit when scanning the input in the forward and reverse directions. This circuit thus combines the functions of 3 separate units, enabling 26% reduction in total energy and 20% lower area, while achieving single-cycle latency & throughput.
Insulin-like growth factor I treatment reduces demyelination and up-regulates gene expression of myelin-related proteins in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. (1995)

To compare effects of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and placebo treatment on lesions that resemble those seen during active demyelination in multiple sclerosis, we induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats with an emulsion containing guinea pig spinal cord and Freund's adjuvant. On day 12-13, pairs of rats with the same degree of weakness were given either IGF-I or placebo intravenously twice daily for 8 days. After 8 days of placebo or IGF-I (200 micrograms/day or 1 mg/day) treatment, the spinal cord lesions were studied by in situ hybridization and with immunocytochemical and morphological methods. IGF-I produced significant reductions in numbers and areas of demyelinating lesions. These lesions contained axons surrounded by regenerating myelin segments instead of demyelinated axons seen in the placebo-treated rats. Relative mRNA levels for myelin basic protein, proteolipid protein (PLP), and 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase in lesions of IGF-I-treated rats were significantly higher than they were in placebo-treated rats. PLP mRNA-containing oligodendroglia also were more numerous and relative PLP mRNA levels per oligodendrocyte were higher in lesions of IGF-I-treated rats. Finally, a significantly higher proportion of proliferating cells were oligodendroglia-like cells in lesions of IGF-I-treated rats. We think that IGF-I effects on oligodendrocytes, myelin protein synthesis, and myelin regeneration reduced lesion severity and promoted clinical recovery in this experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model. These IGF-I actions may also benefit patients with multiple sclerosis.
Small-Molecule Povidone Analogues in Coamorphous Pharmaceutical Phases (2018)

The crystallization inhibitor polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is commonly used as a stabilizer in the formation of amorphous polymer dispersions of poorly soluble pharmaceuticals. In this work we examine the use of a range of PVP-inspired small-molecule bis(lactams) as coformers in the stabilization of amorphous pharmaceutical phases creating coamorphous materials. The dimer of N-vinyl(caprolactam) (bisVCap, 3) was found to be an effective coamorphous-former at relatively low loading for carisoprodol, carbamazepine, isoniazid, and 5-methyl-2-[(2-nitrophenyl)amino]-3-thiophenecarbonitrile (ROY).
Improvements in terahertz imaging using plasmonic spatial beam modulators (2010)

There has been a lot of interest in developing high-performance terahertz imaging systems which have valuable applications in surveillance, security screening, medical tomography and nondestructive inspection of various pharmaceutical, agricultural, and industrial products. Conventional terahertz imaging systems based on mechanical scanning of the imaging beam, object or the detector suffer from significantly low acquisition speeds. Additionally, realtime terahertz imaging systems based on two dimensional arrays of THz sources and detectors tend to have lower sensitivity, higher complexity and higher operational cost.
Preparation, antiarthritic and analgesic activity of 4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted thio)-1H-imidazoles and their sulfoxides and sulfones (1985)

A series of 4,5-diaryl-2-(substituted thio)-1H-imidazoles was synthesized and evaluated as antiinflammatory and analgesic agents in the rat adjuvant induced arthritis assay and the mouse phenyl-p-benzoquinone writhing (PQW) assay. Several analogues were found to be more potent than phenylbutazone and indomethacin. Structure-activity relationships are discussed. One of the compounds, 4,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl)-sulfonyl]-1H- imidazole (8d, tiflamizole), was found to be 8 times as potent as indomethacin in the rat adjuvant induced arthritis assay and is presently undergoing clinical trial as an antiarthritic drug.
Adrenomedullin and Adrenomedullin Binding Protein-1 Prevent Acute Lung Injury after Gut Ischemia-Reperfusion (2007)

AM/AMBP-1 can be developed as a novel treatment to attenuate acute lung injury after an episode of gut ischemia. The protective effect of AM/AMBP-1 appears to be mediated through downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.
Polychromatic modulation transfer function analysis of color LCD (2002)

The analysis of the polychromatic modulation transfer function (PMTF) for evaluating the image quality of the color LCD monitor is presented. The PMTF is easily calculated from the values of the MTF weighted by the overall spectral response of the system. To obtain the spectral response of the monitor, the chromaticity (x, y) and luminance are measured with a spectroradiometer. The variations of the luminance, chromaticity (x, y), and MTF of the color CRT and LCD monitors for different viewing angles are measured. We designed a synthetic equipment that could obtain the chromaticity (x, y), luminance, and MTF of the color monitor simultaneously. The experimental results of several color monitors made in Korea are presented.
FEW-SHOT VIEWPOINT ESTIMATION (2019)

When an image is projected from 3D, the viewpoint of objects in the image, relative to the camera, must be determined. Since the image itself will not have sufficient information to determine the viewpoint of the various objects in the image, techniques to estimate the viewpoint must be employed. To date, neural networks have been used to infer such viewpoint estimates on an object category basis, but must first be trained with numerous examples that have been manually created. The present disclosure provides a neural network that is trained to learn, from just a few example images, a unique viewpoint estimation network capable of inferring viewpoint estimations for a new object category.
Silane cross-linkable ethylene-propylene elastomer compositions prepared by reactive processing (2015)

Thermoplastic Elastomers (TPEs) have received attention as the alternative materials of EPDM due to an advantage for mass production. In recent years, by the progress of polymerization technology, Ethylene-propylene Elastomer (EP), one of the TPEs, is beginning to be applied to many products because of its good properties as rubber. However, as much as a complete replacement for EPDM, it is not provided with sufficient properties. In such circumstance, we found that EP’s performance properties can be further enhanced via chemical modification such as cross-linking. The advent of a newer technique, involving the grafting of organo-functional silane onto the polymer chain in the reaction extrusion process is more attractive due to various industrial advantages. Although the functionalization of the EP by silane grafting through reactive processing is very useful, the silane grafting process of EP has a difficulty. It is most likely a consequence of the nature of the PP chain scission (β-scission), which is the dominant reaction in PP when subjected to free radicals at elevated temperature during processing. Therefore, the objective of our current work is to investigate a reactive extrusion process for the silane cross-linkable EP while minimizing the degradation, as well as evaluate the properties of the modified polymer.
<i>In vitro</i>antifungal activities of luliconazole, a new topical imidazole (2009)

Luliconazole is a topical antifungal drug newly developed in Japan. The present study compares the in vitro antifungal activity of luliconazole against clinically important dermatomycotic fungi with that of other representative antifungal drugs. The reference drugs chosen were five classes of nine topical agents, i.e., allylamine (terbinafine), thiocarbamate (liranaftate), benzylamine (butenafine), morpholine (amorolfine), and azole (ketoconazole, clotrimazole, neticonazole, miconazole and bifonazole). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of luliconazole and the reference drugs against Trichophyton spp. (T. rubrum, T. mentagrophytes and T. tonsurans) and Candida albicans were measured by the standardized broth microdilution method. Luliconazole demonstrated greater potency against Trichophyton spp. (MIC range: <or=0.00012-0.002 microg/ml) than the reference drugs, with T. rubrum being the most susceptible to it. Luliconazole was also highly active against Candida albicans (MIC range: 0.031-0.13 microg/ml), proving to be more potent than terbinafine, liranaftate, butenafine, amorolfine, and bifonazole, but less than ketoconazole, clotrimazole, neticonazole, and miconazole. Further, the MIC of luliconazole against Malassezia restricta, an important pathogenic agent involved in seborrhoeic dermatitis, was very low (MIC range: 0.004-0.016 microg/ml) suggesting action comparable to or stronger than that of ketoconazole. These results indicate a possible clinical role for luliconazole with its broad-spectrum antimycotic activity.
Adaptive correlation estimation for general Wyner-Ziv video coding (2009)

Wyner-Ziv video coding (WZVC) is a new paradigm for video compression with the prediction frames possibly only available at the decoder. It exploits the statistics between the source frame and the prediction frame at the decoder by utilizing their correlation information. This correlation information is important but also difficult to estimate due to the absolute absence of the prediction frame at the encoder, and the lack of the source frame at the decoder. In this paper, we focus on this issue and derive a coefficient-level adaptive correlation model for general Wyner-Ziv video coding. Based on this model, we propose an online transform-domain adaptive correlation estimation (TRACE) approach, in which the correlation information is progressively learned during the decoding process. In our experiments, the proposed approach outperforms the existing approaches up to 4 dB. More importantly, different from existing coefficient-level variance estimation approaches, the proposed on-line TRACE is applicable for not only low complexity WZVC but also other WZVCs such as flexible WZVC as demonstrated in the experiments.
Flash lamp annealing technology for ultra-shallow junction formation (2002)

As a new method of activating implanted impurities, flash lamp annealing (FLA) technology is proposed. By optimizing FLA and implantation conditions, junction depth of 14 nm and the sheet resistance of 770 /spl Omega//sq. with good junction leakage were successfully obtained for p/sup +//n junctions without wafer slip and warpage problems.
New metastable phases in nickel-rich Ni-Al-Ti alloys (1994)

Phase transformations in the {beta} phase of a number of nickel-rich Ni-Al-Ti alloys between 600 and 700 C have been studied by transmission electron microscopy. When titanium content is increased to about 10 at.%, no martensite forms upon quenching to room temperature, and new metastable phases with either 4H or 6R long-period stacking variations were found upon short-term annealing. This contrasts with the behavior of Ni-Al or Ni-Al-Ti alloys with low titanium contents, in which the appearance of 3R and 7R martensites is followed by formation of Ni{sub 5}Al{sub 3} upon annealing in the same temperature range.
Experiences Validating the Access Policy Tool in Industrial Settings (2010)

The Access Policy Tool (APT) analyzes the firewall configuration in an enterprise network for compliance with a global access policy, such as one that describes the industry's best practices. APT is the culmination of several years of academic research and development; in this last year, we have been working with industrial partners in the energy sector to validate the results of the tool. More importantly, through this interaction, we've learned of significant requirements for tools like APT that must be met for real industrial use, and have incorporated the changes needed in APT to meet those requirements. This paper describes our experience with validating APT, and documents its performance on systems of the scale on our industrial partners.
Binary screen detector system for single-pulse dual-energy radiography. (1992)

Dual-energy radiographic acquisition performed with a single pulse of x rays has been limited to use of stacked detectors such as photo-stimulable phosphor plates. In this study, a binary screen system is introduced that enables single-pulse dual-energy acquisition with nonstacked detectors such as charge-coupled devices (CCDs). Two x-ray phosphors with different K edges, designed to emit light of different wavelengths, were bound together in a single screen. Two CCD cameras, each sensitive to the respective wavelengths emitted by each phosphor, are proposed to be coupled to the binary screen. Optical isolation and detection of the optical emissions from the screen would enable simultaneous acquisition of both low- and high-energy images, which can then be used in dual-energy subtraction. Computer simulation results and experimentally acquired images suggest that the binary screen approach may be a viable alternative to stacked detector technology for dual-energy radiographic imaging.
Speculative Parallel Evaluation Of Classification Trees On GPGPU Compute Engines (2011)

We examine the problem of optimizing classification tree evaluation for on-line and real-time applications by using GPUs. Looking at trees with continuous attributes often used in image segmentation, we first put the existing algorithms for serial and data-parallel evaluation on solid footings. We then introduce a speculative parallel algorithm designed for single instruction, multiple data (SIMD) architectures commonly found in GPUs. A theoretical analysis shows how the run times of data and speculative decompositions compare assuming independent processors. To compare the algorithms in the SIMD environment, we implement both on a CUDA 2.0 architecture machine and compare timings to a serial CPU implementation. Various optimizations and their effects are discussed, and results are given for all algorithms. Our specific tests show a speculative algorithm improves run time by 25% compared to a data decomposition.
In Vivo Cardiac Cellular Reprogramming Efficacy Is Enhanced by Angiogenic Preconditioning of the Infarcted Myocardium With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2012)

VEGF administration to infarcted myocardium enhances the efficacy of GMT-mediated cellular reprogramming in improving myocardial function and reducing the extent of myocardial fibrosis compared with the use of GMT or VEGF alone.
Kinin Antagonists (1990)

Bradykinin antagonists effective in a great variety of kinin-responsive tissues have been developed and used to study the roles of kinins in various physiological and pathological phenomena. Structural changes required to yield antagonists and to confer high potency, tissue selectivity, and resistance to enzymatic degradation have been explored in several hundred analogs. Certain of these offer promise for the development of drugs effective against pain, inflammation, and asthma.
New methods for reprocessing of medical devices based on plasma treatment (2013)

The rapid progress in the development of new devices for minimal invasive surgery leads to more complex and fragile instruments including a mixture of different materials most of them thermo labile. In consequence these instruments become more and more expensive which increases the demand for reuse. By now, the manufacturers are obligated to specify the reprocessing procedure which may be a restriction in the development of new products. Therefore, there is a real need for new reprocessing procedures. Especially, plasma processes are commonly discussed as a promising alternative although only few plasma based techniques are currently commercial available. Three examples for plasma based reprocessing are discussed in detail: 1. Classical gas sterilization device: Based on commercial steam sterilizers of low temperature and formaldehyde (LTSF). The formaldehyde unit is replaced by plasma gas generator based on the PLexc® technology developed at INP. This plasma based decontamination technique was tested on long tubes similar to biopsy channels of endoscopes. 2. Atmospheric pressure plasma coating with nanoparticles in order to generate antimicrobial acting surfaces. With a special treatment unit based on the principle of a dielectric barrier discharge the inner surfaces of tubes are coated with nanoparticles. 3. “Plasmoscope”: using special plastic tubes, which include a helical electrode structure it is possible to manufacture endoscopes which allow plasma operation in their biopsy channel. This plasma can either used for decontamination, a reprocessing or under modified operation condition also for therapeutically applications. To simulate the complete reprocessing procedure the “plasmoscope” can be integrated in a reprocessing demonstrator allowing the combination of cleaning and decontamination steps.
Bitter Taste Receptors and Their Cells (2009)

The molecular basis of human bitter taste perception is an area of intense research. Only 25 G protein-coupled receptors belonging to the hTAS2R gene family face the challenge to detect thousands of structurally different bitter compounds, most of which are plant metabolites. Since many natural bitter compounds are highly toxic, whereas others are part of our daily diets, bitter taste was crucial during evolution and still most likely affects our food selection. The article presented here addresses biosynthesis, functional analyses of TAS2Rs and TAS2R variants, as well as gustatory expression of hTAS2R genes.
DNA from Uncultured Organisms as a Source of 2,5-Diketo- <scp>d</scp> -Gluconic Acid Reductases (2001)

Total DNA of a population of uncultured organisms was extracted from soil samples, and by using PCR methods, the genes encoding two different 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid reductases (DKGRs) were recovered. Degenerate PCR primers based on published sequence information gave internal gene fragments homologous to known DKGRs. Nested primers specific for the internal fragments were combined with random primers to amplify flanking gene fragments from the environmental DNA, and two hypothetical full-length genes were predicted from the combined sequences. Based on these predictions, specific primers were used to amplify the two complete genes in single PCRs. These genes were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified gene products catalyzed the reduction of 2,5-diketo-D-gluconic acid to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid. Compared to previously described DKGRs isolated from Corynebacterium spp., these environmental reductases possessed some valuable properties. Both exhibited greater than 20-fold-higher kcat/Km values than those previously determined, primarily as a result of better binding of substrate. The Km values for the two new reductases were 57 and 67 microM, versus 2 and 13 mM for the Corynebacterium enzymes. Both environmental DKGRs accepted NADH as well as NADPH as a cosubstrate; other DKGRs and most related aldo-keto reductases use only NADPH. In addition, one of the new reductases was more thermostable than known DKGRs.
Adaptive-rate coding modulation system for digital image transmission (2002)

Summary form only given. We propose two methods to provide optimal image quality at a fixed image delivery rate for any given transmission channel condition. The first method, channel-controlled variable-rate (CCVR) image coding, employs adaptive-rate source coding and channel coding, while operating with a fixed modulation symbol rate. The second method, adaptive-rate coding-modulation (ARCM), extends the CCVR system by utilizing adaptive modulation. Both methods use a variable-compression-ratio image coder and variable-rate channel coding. The objective is to maximize the quality of the reconstructed image at the receiver when transmitted through Rayleigh fading and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). The CCVR system maximizes the reconstructed image quality through a bit-rate trade-off between the source and channel coders. The ARCM method provides a trade-off between the rates of source and channel coding, and the modulation rate. Both methods require knowledge of the channel state which is used by the receiver to inform the transmitter, via a feedback channel, of the optimal strategy for image compression, channel coding, and modulation format. The resulting systems achieve up to a 17 dB improvement over the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) performance of a system using a fixed-compression-ratio image coder and fixed-rate channel coding. Reconstructed image quality is evaluated through both quantitative and subjective measures using peak signal-to-noise ratio and visual analysis, respectively.