gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a High Temperature Superconducting Coil for a 8.3 MVA Fault Current Limiter (2007)

In this study, a high temperature superconducting (HTS) coil is designed for a single phase 8.3 MVA fault current limiter (FCL) whose ratings are 13.2 kV in voltage and 630 A in current. The coil is wound with the bifilar winding method to limit the fault current only by resistance. The wire used in the HTS coil is YBCO coated conductor (CC) with metal stabilizer such as copper or stainless steel. In order to design the HTS FCL, the thermal and electrical analyses are performed considering the transient thermal conduction and the resistance development according to the temperature. The HTS coil is designed with a temperature limit of 300 K. The stainless steel stabilized wire is desirable than the copper stabilized wire because of the high resistance and the low temperature rise. As the design result, the total length of the wire is calculated as 2.56 km with 25 mum stainless steel stabilizer. The parallel number of wires is 8 and the quench current of the coil is approximately 1200 A at 65 K. The height and the outer diameter of the coil except the terminals and the connection parts are 0.5 m and 0.9 m, respectively. The HTS coil is composed of 7 concentric solenoid coils and each coil has 19 turns of clockwise winding and same turns of counter-clockwise winding for non-inductive property.
Screening of microorganisms for raw starch saccharifying enzyme production. (1986)

Microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing raw starch were isolated widely from various sources, and the amylase productivity of each strain was examined on plate culturing. Of the fungi and actinomycetes tested, 78 strains were subjected to subsequent testing for amylase production, and 5 strains were selected as active amylase producers. Among them, Corticium rolfsii AHU 9627 produced the most active raw starch saccharifying enzyme. The crude enzyme (100IU/g starch) almost completely hydrolyzed a 20% (w/v) suspension of raw corn starch at pH 4.0 and 40°C in 48 hr. The ratio of raw starch saccharifying activity to gelatinized starch saccharifying activity (RDA) of this enzyme was higher than 30% when corn starch was used as the substrate. We have never heard of such a strong enzyme as to RDA, and the enzyme was considered useful for the effective saccharification of starch without cooking.
Sequence of the Klebsiella aerogenes urease genes and evidence for accessory proteins facilitating nickel incorporation (1990)

A 4.8-kilobase-pair region of cloned DNA encoding the genes of the Klebsiella aerogenes urease operon has been sequenced. Six closely spaced open reading frames were found: ureA (encoding a peptide of 11.1 kilodaltons [kDa]), ureB (11.7-kDa peptide), ureC (60.3-kDa peptide), ureE (17.6-kDa peptide), ureF (25.2-kDa peptide), and ureG (21.9-kDa peptide). Immediately after the ureG gene is a putative rho-dependent transcription terminator. The three subunits of the nickel-containing enzyme are encoded by ureA, ureB, and ureC based on protein structural studies and sequence homology to jack bean urease. Potential roles for ureE, ureF, and ureG were explored by deleting these accessory genes from the operon. The deletion mutant produced inactive urease, which was partially purified and found to have the same subunit stoichiometry and native size as the active enzyme but which contained no significant levels of nickel. The three accessory genes were able to activate apo-urease in vivo when they were cloned into a compatible expression vector and cotransformed into cells carrying the plasmid containing ureA, ureB, and ureC. Thus, one or more of the ureE, ureF, or ureG gene products are involved in nickel incorporation into urease.
Detection of Antigens Associated With Epstein-Barr Virus Replication in Extracts From Biopsy Specimens of Nasopharyngeal Carcinomas (1988)

By using monoclonal antibodies to different Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) polypeptides in combination with immunoblotting, we detected antigens associated with EBV replication in extracts from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) biopsy specimens. Major polypeptides associated with both the diffuse and the restricted components of the early antigen (EA) complex were found in extracts from nine of nine NPC biopsy specimens. Cells from an additional NPC biopsy specimen, passaged repeatedly in nude mice, were found to be positive for the major EA (restricted) polypeptide. This approach revealed that extracts from three of 14 biopsy specimens form other benign and malignant diseases also expressed these viral polypeptides. Therefore, for the first time, these results conclusively demonstrate the presence of EA polypeptides in extracts from NPC biopsy specimens. This finding provides at least a partial explanation for the reported prognostic value of antibodies to this antigen in patients with this disease.
Effect of long flexible chain reactive monomers on the operating voltage of optically isotropic blue phase liquid crystals (2011)

A reduction in operating voltage and switch-off time of polymer-stabilised blue phase (BP) liquid crystals has been achieved using reactive monomers (RMs) with long flexible alkyl side-chains. In place of a standard RM, two groups of novel RMs with and without alkyl side-chains have been synthesised. Polymer-stabilised BP systems were obtained by polymerising these RMs using UV irradiation, and their electro-optical properties were compared. Analysis of the results has provided molecular guidelines for future synthesis. The new RMs were purified and characterised chemically.
Simulations and experimental results of cloud thermodynamic phase classification with three SWIR spectral bands (2019)

Knowing the thermodynamic phase of a cloud–whether it is composed of spherical water droplets or polyhedral ice crystals–is critical in remote sensing applications and in climate studies. Liquid water and ice have different absorptive properties in certain spectral bands that can be exploited to identify the phase of clouds using ground-based, passive remote sensing. Our simulations found that ground-based radiance measurements at three spectral channels (1.55, 1.64, and 1.70 μm) provide improved discrimination when analyzed in three spectral dimensions as opposed to previous approaches based in two-dimensional parameter space. Our simulations show that these bands provide good discrimination between liquid-water and ice clouds when the optical depth is large. We also show measurements from a ground-based spectrometer confirming the cloud-phase sensing ability of these three channels, with validation provided by a dual-polarization lidar system.
The Power of Simple Tabulation Hashing (2010)

Randomized algorithms are often enjoyed for their simplicity, but the hash functions used to yield the desired theoretical guarantees are often neither simple nor practical. Here we show that the simplest possible tabulation hashing provides unexpectedly strong guarantees. The scheme itself dates back to Carter and Wegman (STOC'77). Keys are viewed as consisting of c characters. We initialize c tables T_1, ..., T_c mapping characters to random hash codes. A key x=(x_1, ..., x_q) is hashed to T_1[x_1] xor ... xor T_c[x_c]. While this scheme is not even 4-independent, we show that it provides many of the guarantees that are normally obtained via higher independence, e.g., Chernoff-type concentration, min-wise hashing for estimating set intersection, and cuckoo hashing.
(2×2) digital optical switch realised by lowcostpolymer waveguide technology (1996)

A novel (2×2) digital optical switch is reported involving thermo-optically induced adiabatic modal evolution. The device incorporates a symmetric X-crossing and a tapered overlapping area between electrodes and waveguides. Polarisation and wavelength insensitive switching is demonstrated at λ = 1.3 µm and 1.55 µm with a switching power of ≥45 mW and crosstalk values of <–25 dB.
Exploiting Setup–Hold-Time Interdependence in Static Timing Analysis (2007)

A methodology is proposed to exploit the interdependence between setup- and hold-time constraints in static timing analysis (STA). The methodology consists of two phases. The first phase includes the interdependent characterization of sequential cells, resulting in multiple constraint pairs. The second phase includes an efficient algorithm that exploits these multiple pairs in STA. The methodology improves accuracy by removing optimism and reducing unnecessary pessimism. Furthermore, the tradeoff between setup and hold times is exploited to significantly reduce timing violations in STA. These benefits are validated using industrial circuits and tools, exhibiting up to 53% reduction in the number of constraint violations as well as up to 48% reduction in the worst negative slack, which corresponds to a 15% decrease in the clock period
Multilayer transition-metal dichalcogenide channel Thin-Film Transistors (2012)

We show that multilayered transition-metal dichalcogenides such as multilayer MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> present a compelling case for Thin-Film Transistors (TFTs) for large-area display technology. Through a combined structural, optical, and electronic characterization of multilayer MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> TFTs, supported by density-functional theory based bandstructure calculations, we show the inherently attractive properties of these materials for such applications. We find that the current modulation of such devices is high, the current saturation is robust, normally-off operation is feasible, effective field-effect mobility at RT exceeds 100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V.s, and the channel can be operated in both accumulation and inversion modes. These properties make multilayer MoS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> more feasible than single layer versions to maintain processing robustness.
A 65nm CMOS high-IF superheterodyne receiver with a High-Q complex BPF (2013)

We propose a highly reconfigurable superheterodyne receiver that employs a 3rd-order complex IQ charge-sharing band-pass filter (BPF) for image rejection and 1st-order feedback based RF-BPF for channel selection filtering. The operating RF input frequency of the receiver is 500 MHz-1.2 GHz with varying high-IF range of 33-80 MHz. All the gain stages are merely inverter-based g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> stages. The total gain of the receiver is 35dB and in-band IIP3 at midgain is +10 dBm. The NF of the receiver is 6.7dB, which is acceptable for the receiver without an LNA. The architecture is highly reconfigurable and follows the technology scaling. The RX occupies 0.47 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of active area and consumes 24.5 mA at 1.2V power supply.
Analysis of a novel optical fiber interferometer with common mode compensation (1989)

An optical fiber interferometer formed when the unused output of a fiber Mach-Zehnder interferometer is fed back through a length of fiber to the unused input port is discussed. For sensor applications, the resulting optical circuit combines many features of a Mach-Zehnder with the high measured sensitivity of a resonant fiber recirculating delay line. This analysis shows that suitable choice of path lengths preserves high measurand sensitivity, yet it permits complete common-mode compensation in which the effects of all perturbations which uniformly affect the interferometer vanish.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clustered-OFDM transmitter implementation (2002)

An elegant means by which high-speed burst wireless transmission can be accomplished with small amounts of overhead is through a novel technique referred to as clustered-OFDM. By using OFDM modulation with a long symbol interval, this scheme overcomes the complex and costly equalization requirements associated with single carrier systems. Moreover, the need for highly linear power amplifiers typically required in OFDM systems is alleviated through the use of multiple transmit antennas combined with nonlinear coding. The clustering technique also leads to a natural implementation of transmit diversity. This paper reports on the implementation of a clustered-OFDM transmitter which was constructed using off-the-shelf components in a relatively short period of time. Despite the limitations associated with the prototyped system, it can deliver 7.5 Mbps and it is expected that this data rate could be easily tripled with existing technology. In addition to providing an introduction to clustered-OFDM, we describe the various architectural trade-offs which were made in order to reduce the hardware complexity of the boards as well as some experimental results showing the operation of the transmitter.
Orally Bioavailable 6-Chloro-7-methoxy-4(1<i>H</i>)-quinolones Efficacious against Multiple Stages of <i>Plasmodium</i> (2014)

The continued proliferation of malaria throughout temperate and tropical regions of the world has promoted a push for more efficacious treatments to combat the disease. Unfortunately, more recent remedies such as artemisinin combination therapies have been rendered less effective due to developing parasite resistance, and new drugs are required that target the parasite in the liver to support the disease elimination efforts. Research was initiated to revisit antimalarials developed in the 1940s and 1960s that were deemed unsuitable for use as therapeutic agents as a result of poor understanding of both physicochemical properties and parasitology. Structure-activity and structure-property relationship studies were conducted to generate a set of compounds with the general 6-chloro-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4(1H)-quinolone scaffold which were substituted at the 3-position with a variety of phenyl moieties possessing various properties. Extensive physicochemical evaluation of the quinolone series was carried out to downselect the most promising 4(1H)-quinolones, 7, 62, 66, and 67, which possessed low-nanomolar EC50 values against W2 and TM90-C2B as well as improved microsomal stability. Additionally, in vivo Thompson test results using Plasmodium berghei in mice showed that these 4(1H)-quinolones were efficacious for the reduction of parasitemia at >99% after 6 days.
Kidney as a site of uptake and metabolism of gamma-glutamyl compounds. (1977)

gamma-Glutamyl derivatives of amino acids are extensively metabolized and accumulated in the kidney. The kideny also has a high capacity to synthesize ophthalmic acid, an analog of glutathione. These processes can be attributed to the high activity in the kidney of enzymes that both degrade and synthesize glutathione. Th possibility of using the gamma-glutamyl group as a carrier for the introduction of compounds containing an amino function into kidney metabolism was explored. Administration of L-gamma-glutamyl-L-3,4-di-hydroxyphenylalanine (gamma-glutamyl-DOPA) to rats led to the accumulation of gamma-glutamyl-DOPA in the kidney, release of DOPA and its conversion to dopamine by the action of aromatic amino acid decarboxylase. Dopamine actively generated in the kidney increased renal plasma flow and sodium excretion. No systemic effects or untoward reactions attributable to this amine were observed. It is suggested that gamma-glutamyl derivatives of certain drugs may be useful as kidney specific prodrugs.
Amplification of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA in skin biopsies from patients with Lyme disease (1991)

To determine whether the polymerase chain reaction could contribute to a better diagnosis of Lyme disease, skin biopsy samples from patients suffering from erythema chronicum migrans or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi by a polymerase chain reaction assay, which was specific for European strains. The spirochete could not be detected microscopically in any of the 15 biopsy samples obtained from nine patients. However, B. burgdorferi could be isolated from seven of eight of these samples, which indicated the presence of spirochetes. Using a nested polymerase chain reaction, we were able to detect B. burgdorferi-specific sequences in 12 of the 15 biopsy samples. Biopsy samples from three of four patients with erythema chronicum migrans and four of five patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans were found to be positive for B. burgdorferi. The spirochete could be isolated from the biopsy sample, from a patient with erythema chronicum migrans who tested negative, which suggests a false-negative polymerase chain reaction result probably on account of the low number of spirochetes present in the lesion. The positive polymerase chain reaction for lesions from patients with acrodermatis chronica atrophicans supports the concept that B. burgdorferi can persist in the skin over a long period of time. From these results, it was concluded that the polymerase chain reaction is a valuable technique for the diagnosis of Lyme disease.
Language-independent, short-enrollment voice verification over a far-field microphone (2002)

An approach is presented for the dual verification of speaker identity and verbal content in a text-dependent voice authentication system. The application considered is desktop voice login over a far-field microphone. Each speaker is allowed to select his or her own keyphrase, and enrollment is limited to four instances of the keyphrase, each 1 to 2 seconds of speech. The approach decouples the analysis of speaker and verbal content information, so as to use two light-weight components for verification: a spectral matching component based on a global representation of the entire utterance, and a temporal alignment component based on more conventional frame-level information. The resulting integration is language-independent, and experiments with deliberate imposture show an equal error rate figure of approximately 4%. The approach has been commercially deployed in the "VoicePrint Password" feature of MacOS 9.
Distributed Algorithm for Optimal Power Flow on Unbalanced Multiphase Distribution Networks (2015)

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is funda- mental in power distribution networks control and operation that underlies many important applications such as volt/var control and demand response, etc.. Large-scale highly volatile renewable penetration in the distribution networks calls for real-time feed- back control, and hence the need for distributed solutions for the OPF problem. Distribution networks are inherently unbalanced and most of the existing distributed solutions for balanced networks do not apply. In this paper we propose a solution for unbalanced distribution networks. Our distributed algorithm is based on alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM). Unlike existing approaches that require to solve semidefinite programming problems in each ADMM macro-iteration, we exploit the problem structures and decompose the OPF problem in such a way that the subproblems in each ADMM macro- iteration reduce to either a closed form solution or eigen-decomposition of a 6x6 hermitian matrix, which significantly reduce the convergence time. We present simulations on IEEE 13, 34, 37 and 123 bus unbalanced distribution networks to illustrate the scalability and optimality of the proposed algorithm.
KRAFT LIGNIN RECOVERY AND ITS USE IN THE PREPARATION OF LIGNIN-BASED PHENOL FORMALDEHYDE RESINS FOR PLYWOOD (2011)

Lignin was precipitated from kraft black liquor using carbon dioxide. To remove the residual black liquor and to purify the lignin, a pilot press filter or a pilot belt filter was used, and their performance was compared. The purity, molecular weight distribution, morphology, chemical and thermal properties of the final lignin product were characterized. The results showed that the lignin recovered from both the filter press and the belt filter was sufficiently pure to be used as a fuel in the lime kiln (or in most other combustion processes), or in any of the several possible high-value applications. No major difference was observed in the physico-chemical properties of lignins produced using a belt filter vs. a filter press. However, the solids content of the lignin filtered through the press filter was about 2 times higher than the one obtained using the belt filter, and the filtration rate obtained with the filter press was 5 to 6 times higher than that obtained with the belt filter. The purified lignin product recovered from the filter press was used to substitute 30, 40 and 50% of the phenol present in the formulation of the lignin-phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) resins used as an adhesive for the preparation of plywood samples. The results showed that up to 30% of phenol could be replaced by kraft lignin, without any major change in plywood shear strength.
Fast and accurate simulation of tree structured interconnect (2002)

A method is introduced to evaluate time domain signals within RLC trees with arbitrary accuracy in response to any input signal. This method depends on finding a low frequency reduced order transfer function by direct truncation of the exact transfer function at different nodes of an RLC tree. The method is numerically accurate for any order of approximation, which permits approximations to be determined with a large number of poles appropriate for approximating RLC trees with underdamped responses. The method is computationally efficient with a complexity linearly proportional to the number of branches in an RLC tree. A common set of poles are determined that characterize the responses at all of the nodes of an RLC tree which further enhances the computational efficiency. Stability is guaranteed by the DTT method for low order approximations with less than 5 poles. Such low order approximations are useful for evaluating monotone responses exhibited by RC circuits.
<title>Compact and high-speed ellipsometer</title> (1992)

A compact and high-speed ellipsometer system with a new ellipsometric analyzer has been developed. Its size is 130 X 65 X 25 mm, and the weight 400 g including a light source and analyzers with no moving part. With an automatic x-(theta) stage, it takes only 20 seconds to obtain an area distribution map of a thin film-thickness on a 8-inch wafer at 2 mm pitch of 6,000 points. Its compactness and high-speed might make it widely applicable to various processes.
Single-Mode Room-Temperature CW Interband Cascade Lasers Covering the λ = 3–4 μm Spectral Band (2010)

Interband cascade lasers emitting at 3.6 μm operated to a maximum temperature of 335 K and produced 59 mW of cw power at room temperature. Single-mode cw emission with 12 mW of power was demonstrated.