gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coupling Capillary Electrophoresis and Pulsed Electrochemical Detection (2005)

Abstract Pulsed electrochemical detection (PED) is an excellent method for detection of analytes that normally foul electrodes. In PED, the detection electrode is first cleaned at a high positive potential, then reactivated at a negative potential dissolving the surface oxide, and finally used to oxidize the analyte at a moderate positive potential. Due to the advantages and versatility of PED, many different variations of the detection waveform can be found in literature. This review focuses on application of PED to CE and in particular, the most commonly used modes: pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) and integrated pulsed amperometric detection (iPAD).
Tile Tensors: A versatile data structure with descriptive shapes for homomorphic encryption. (2020)

Moving from the theoretical promise of Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) to real-world applications with realistic and acceptable time and memory figures is an on-going challenge. After choosing an appropriate FHE scheme, and before implementing privacy-preserving analytics, one needs an efficient packing method that will optimize use of the ciphertext slots, trading-off size, latency, and throughput. We propose a solution to this challenge. We describe a method for efficiently working with tensors (multi-dimensional arrays) in a system that imposes tiles, i.e., fixed-size vectors. The tensors are packed into tiles and then manipulated via operations on those tiles. We further show a novel and concise notation for describing packing details. 
Our method reinterprets the tiles as multi-dimensional arrays, and combines them to cover enough space to hold the tensor. An efficient summation algorithm can then sum over any dimension of this construct. We propose a descriptive notation for the shape of this data structure that describes both the original tensor and how it is packed inside the tiles. Our solution can be used to optimize the performance of various algorithms such as consecutive matrix multiplications or neural network inference with varying batch sizes. It can also serve to enhance optimizations done by homomorphic encryption compilers. We describe different applications that take advantage of this data structure through the proposed notation, experiment to evaluate the advantages through different applications, and share our conclusions.
Optical packet-switched ring network with flexible bandwidth allocation (2002)

We propose a novel architecture, MAC protocol and admission control for high-capacity packet-switched ring networks. Nodes access the entire link capacity by transmitting and receiving packets in parallel on all available wavelengths. Packets are added to and dropped from the ring by 2/spl times/2 optical switches. The network control is simple since the load is balanced over the wavelengths at the physical layer. The proposed MAC protocol is based on credits. The admission control algorithm requires minimal processing complexity, and can follow fast traffic changes typical in data networks.
Abstract 3546: Arming a tumor targeted oncolytic herpes simplex sirus type 1 with matrix metalloproteinase 9 for enhanced vector distribution and killing activity (2015)

Abstract Early phase human clinical trials using several versions of oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (oHSV) have shown promise in the treatment of GBM, but efficacy has been limited. Impediments to oHSV therapy include poor virus spread due in part to the tumor extracellular matrix, and insufficient replication in tumor cells as a result of attenuating mutations. Thus, the central goal of this project is to improve oncolytic vector delivery, replication and spread while maintaining safety and tumor specificity. We have already developed a new class of two stage tumor targeted oHSV combining (i) selective infection through tumor-specific receptors and (ii) selective replication based on differential expression of microRNAs (miRs) in tumor and normal cells. We further modify our vector by arming with the matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) as a means to reduce vector trapping in the tumor extracellular matrix. Here we show that MMP9 expression (i) enhances Oncolytic vector spreading in GBM neruospheres in vitro and (ii) improves tumor killing in a xenogeneic model of primary human GBM with significant long-term survival (≥50%) comparable to the control. Citation Format: Aofei Li, Marco Marzulli, Mingdi Zhang, William Goins, Balveen Kaur, Chelsea Bolyard, Nduka Amankulor, Daniela Leronni, Paola Sette, Justus Cohen, Joseph Glorioso, Paola Grandi. Arming a tumor targeted oncolytic herpes simplex sirus type 1 with matrix metalloproteinase 9 for enhanced vector distribution and killing activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3546. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3546
Locally-Consistent Deformable Convolution Networks for Fine-Grained Action Detection. (2018)

Fine-grained action detection is an important task with numerous applications in robotics and human-computer interaction. Existing methods typically utilize a two-stage approach including extraction of local spatio-temporal features followed by temporal modeling to capture long-term dependencies. While most recent papers have focused on the latter (long-temporal modeling), here, we focus on producing features capable of modeling fine-grained motion more efficiently. We propose a novel locally-consistent deformable convolution, which utilizes the change in receptive fields and enforces a local coherency constraint to capture motion information effectively. Our model jointly learns spatio-temporal features (instead of using independent spatial and temporal streams). The temporal component is learned from the feature space instead of pixel space, e.g. optical flow. The produced features can be flexibly used in conjunction with other long-temporal modeling networks, e.g. ST-CNN, DilatedTCN, and ED-TCN. Overall, our proposed approach robustly outperforms the original long-temporal models on two fine-grained action datasets: 50 Salads and GTEA, achieving F1 scores of 80.22% and 75.39% respectively.
Synthesis of Tamiflu and its Phosphonate Congeners Possessing Potent Anti-Influenza Activity (2007)

Using d-xylose as an appropriate chiral precursor, we have synthesized active neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir, antiflu drug Tamiflu, and novel phosphonate congeners that exhibit even stronger antiflu activities by inhibiting the neuraminidases of the wild-type and H274Y mutant of H1N1 and H5N1 viruses. Molecular modeling of the neuraminidase−phosphonate complex indicates a pertinent binding mode of the phosphonate with three arginine residues in the active site. Discovery of such potent neuraminidase inhibitors will offer an opportunity to the development of new anti-influenza drugs.
Exploration of incorporation of N -methylated amino acids into peptides by sense-suppression method (2007)

Here we describe the ribosomal synthesis of peptides containing an N(alpha)-methylated amino acid by using sense-suppression method. To incorporate the various N(alpha)-methylated amino acids into the peptide, we utilized recently developed two technologies, a ribozyme-based tRNA acylation system (Flexizyme system) and a reconstituted cell-free translation system (PURE system). Firstly, various N(alpha)-methylated amino acids were charged onto a suppressor tRNA by Flexizyme system. Then, using PURE system, we constructed a vacant codon corresponding to the suppressed position. By combining these systems, we were able to examine various N(alpha)-methylated amino acids for the single incorporation into the peptide backbone and determined those with high efficiencies. Thus, this demonstration opens a new door to develop a new methodology for the synthesis of peptides containing multiple N-methylated backbone via the genetic code reprogramming.
Efficient implementation of conduction modes for modelling skin effect (2007)

We present an efficient approach for computing the impedance matrix of a system of conductors, in the quasi-magneto static domain, suitable for frequency analysis well above the skin effect threshold. The method is based on the current decomposition in terms of conduction modes (CM) rather than the widespread filament decomposition. The memory gains using CM were already known to be large. Our main contribution is to improve the efficiency so as to achieve performance ratios that are significantly better than those resulting from using filament decomposition for the same accuracy. As the frequency increases the improvements become noteworthy. These gains result from optimally rendering two dimensional integration approaches involving the Coulomb Green function in combination with linear combinations of exponentials to the particular landscape of each of the constituent terms.
Focused Current Density Imaging Using Internal Electrode in Magnetic Resonance Electrical Impedance Tomography (MREIT) (2014)

Magnetic resonance electrical impedance tomography (MREIT) is an imaging modality capable of visualizing cross-sectional current density and/or conductivity distributions inside an electrically conducting object. It uses an MRI scanner to measure one component of the magnetic flux density induced by an externally injected current through a pair of surface electrodes. For the cases of deep brain stimulation (DBS), electroporation, and radio frequency (RF) ablation, internal electrodes can be used to improve the quality of the MREIT images. In this paper, we propose a new MREIT imaging method using internal electrodes to visualize a current density distribution within a local region around them. To evaluate its performance, we conducted and analyzed a series of numerical simulations and phantom imaging experiments. We compared the reconstructed current density images using the internal electrodes with the obtained using only the external electrodes. We found that the proposed method using the internal electrodes stably determines the current density in the focused region with better accuracy.
Pro-resolving lipid mediators in vascular disease (2018)

Unresolved inflammation is central to the pathophysiology of commonly occurring vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, aneurysm, and deep vein thrombosis - conditions that are responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality. Surgical or catheter-based procedures performed on affected blood vessels induce acute-on-chronic inflammatory responses. The resolution of vascular inflammation is an important driver of vessel wall remodeling and functional recovery in these clinical settings. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids orchestrate key cellular processes driving resolution and a return to homeostasis. The identification of their potent effects in classic animal models of sterile inflammation triggered interest in their vascular properties. Recent studies have demonstrated that SPMs are locally synthesized in vascular tissues, have direct effects on vascular cells and their interactions with leukocytes, and play a protective role in the injury response. Early translational work has established the potential for SPMs as vascular therapeutics, and as candidate biomarkers in vascular disease. Further investigations are needed to understand the molecular and cellular mechanisms of resolution in the vasculature, to improve tools for clinical measurement, and to better define the potential for "resolution therapeutics" in vascular patients.
14.1: <i>Invited Paper:</i> Development of Plasma Tube Array Technology for Extra‐Large‐Area Displays (2005)

Abstract We developed the basic technology for a plasma tube array that could be used to produce emissive, extra‐large‐area displays. The cell design for high luminous efficacy was developed and luminous efficacy of 5.4 lm/W was achieved for a 20 cm test tubes array. Basic techniques, such as those to produce the tube structure, flexible electrode substrate, drive waveform, were also developed. A high luminous efficacy of 3.7 lm/W and lightweight of 0.6 kg were achieved for a 43‐inches‐diagonal test array.
Back-Channel Wireless Communication Embedded in WiFi-Compliant OFDM Packets (2016)

This paper presents innovative back-channel wireless communication techniques for ultra-low power (ULP) devices. The concept of embedded back-channel communication is proposed to enable a variety of new applications by inter-connecting heterogeneous ULP devices through existing orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based WiFi (IEEE 802.11a/g/n/ac) networks. The proposed back-channel communication allows ULP devices to decode messages embedded in WiFi OFDM packets even if these ULP devices are incapable of demodulating OFDM. The proposed back-channel signaling has unique properties that are easily detectable by non-WiFi ULP receivers consuming sub-mW of active power. The proposed scheme eliminates the need for specialized transmitter hardware or dedicated channel resources for embedded back-channel signal transmission. Instead, carefully sequenced data bit streams will generate back-channel messages from already-deployed WiFi infrastructure without any hardware modification. This paper demonstrates that WiFi OFDM back-channel communication is feasible in various modulation formats, such as pulse position modulation, pulse phase shift keying, or frequency shift keying. Systematic algorithms are unveiled to create back-channel messages in various modulation formats from a WiFi standard compliant datapath. Comprehensive bit error rate performance analysis of various WiFi back-channel communication schemes is derived and validated in realistic multi-path frequency selective fading channels.
Optical characteristics of the hollow anode discharge (1986)

A new type of discharge realized in a diode consisting of a concave cathode and a special type of a hollow anode is presented. The concave cathode focuses electrons toward the hollow anode increasing the density of high-energy electrons and the efficiency of excitation and ionization in the hollow anode. The distinctive arrangement of dark and luminous regions between the cathode and anode has been observed in the discharge.
Selective gene activation by spatial segregation of insulin receptor B signaling (2007)

Insulin exerts pleiotropic effects at the cellular level. Signaling via the two isoforms of the insulin receptor (IR) may explain the activation of different signaling cascades, while it remains to be explored how selectivity is achieved when utilizing the same IR isoform. We now demonstrate that insulin-stimulated transcription of c-fos and glucokinase genes is activated simultaneously in the insulin-producing beta-cell via IR-B localized in different cellular compartments. Insulin activates the glucokinase gene from plasma membrane-standing IR-B, while c-fos gene activation is dependent on clathrin-mediated IR-B-endocytosis and signaling from early endosomes. Moreover, glucokinase gene up-regulation requires the integrity of the juxtamembrane IR-B NPEY-motif and signaling via PI3K-C2alpha-like/PDK1/PKB, while c-fos gene activation requires the intact C-terminal YTHM-motif and signaling via PI3K Ia/Shc/MEK1/ERK. By using IR-B as an example it is thus possible to demonstrate how spatial segregation allows simultaneous and selective signaling via the same receptor isoform in the same cell.
<title>Design concept and preliminary experimental demonstration of MEMS gyroscopes with 4-DOF master-slave architecture</title> (2002)

This paper reports a design concept for MEMS gyroscopes that shifts the complexity of the design from control architecture to system dynamics, utilizing the passive disturbance rejection capability of the 4-DOF dynamical system. Specifically, a novel wide-bandwidth micromachined gyroscope design approach based on increasing the degrees-of-freedom of the oscillatory system by the use of two independently oscillating interconnected proof masses is presented along with preliminary experimental demonstration of implementation feasibility. With the concept of using a 4-DOF system, inherent disturbance rejection is achieved due to the wide operation frequency range of the dynamic system, providing reduced sensitivity to structural and thermal parameter fluctuations. Thus, less demanding active control strategies are required for operation under presence of perturbations. The fabricated prototype dual-mass gyroscopes successfully demonstrated a dramatically wide driving frequency range within where the drive direction oscillation amplitude varies insignificantly without any active control, in contrast to the conventional gyroscopes where the mass has to be sustained in constant amplitude oscillation in a very narrow frequency band. Mechanical amplification of driven mass oscillation by the sensing element was also experimentally demonstrated, providing large oscillation amplitudes, which is crucial for sensor performance.
A novel piezoelectric interdigital transducer for the excitation of high frequency surface acoustic waves (2005)

We propose a novel piezoelectric interdigital transducer (PIT) based on alternately poled domains of a ferroelectric thin film deposited on top of a single crystal substrate. This transducer offers an alternative to the interdigital transducer (IDT) for the excitation of very high frequency surface acoustic waves (SAW). An experimental validation of the approach is reported in a 1-4 GHz frequency range, confirming theoretical predictions.
Biochemical and Genetic Characterization of Propionicin T1, a New Bacteriocin from <i>Propionibacterium thoenii</i> (2000)

A collection of propionibacteria was screened for bacteriocin production. A new bacteriocin named propionicin T1 was isolated from two strains of Propionibacterium thoenii. This bacteriocin shows no sequence similarity to other bacteriocins. Propionicin T1 was active against all strains of Propionibacterium acidipropionici, Propionibacterium thoenii, and Propionibacterium jensenii tested and also against Lactobacillus sake NCDO 2714 but showed no activity against Propionibacterium freudenreichii. The bacteriocin was purified, and the N-terminal part of the peptide was determined with amino acid sequencing. The corresponding gene pctA was sequenced, and this revealed that propionicin T1 is produced as a prebacteriocin of 96 amino acids with a typical sec leader, which is processed to give a mature bacteriocin of 65 amino acids. An open reading frame encoding a protein of 424 amino acids was found 68 nucleotides downstream the stop codon of pctA. The N-terminal part of this putative protein shows strong similarity with the ATP-binding cassette of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ABC transporters, and this protein may be involved in self-protection against propionicin T1. Propionicin T1 is the first bacteriocin from propionibacteria that has been isolated and further characterized at the molecular level.
A Tissue-Based Comparative Effectiveness Analysis of Biomarkers for Early Detection of Colorectal Tumors (2012)

We have confirmed the high performance of some of the previously identified DNA methylation markers. Furthermore, we showed that a recently reported epi-panel performed better than the individual DNA methylation biomarkers when analyzed in the same tissue samples. This observation was also true for VIM and SEPT9, which are included in commercially available noninvasive tests for CRC. These results further underscore the value of combining a manageable number of individual markers into a panel, which in addition to having a higher sensitivity and specificity might provide a more profound robustness to a noninvasive test compared with single markers.
Alternate Synthesis of Electrolyte Matrix for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (1980)

A process is presented for the preparation of the electrolyte matrix, a poorly bonded assemblage of crystallites, based on the use of a fugitive reaction medium, a molten mixture of alkali chlorides. Data on the characteristics of both the reaction and the product are presented.
Active Guard Ring to Improve Latch-Up Immunity (2014)

A new design concept named as active guard ring and related circuit implementation to improve the latch-up immunity of ICs are proposed. Using additional sensing circuit and active buffer to turn ON the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection transistors, the large-dimensional ESD (or I/O) devices can provide or receive extra compensation current to the negative or positive current perturbation during the latch-up current test. The new proposed solution has been verified in 0.6-μm 5 V process to have much higher latch-up resistance compared with the conventional prevention method of guard ring in CMOS technology.
Optimization Methodology for Reconfigurable PV Modules (2018)

Reconfigurable photovoltaic modules represent an effective solution to improve PV system resilience to partial shading. Indeed, the availability of different configurations increases energy generation under non-uniform conditions. However, the additional components that are active under uniform conditions lead to higher losses compared to equivalent static solutions. This paper presents a methodology for the design of optimized reconfigurable PV modules, balancing losses under uniform conditions and gain under partial shading. First, feasible reconfigurable module instantiations are selected given some design constraints. Then, the search space is further reduced by taking into account the typical operating conditions of the module. Finally, the best module layouts are chosen based on performance consideration. Results for a specific case study are presented to show the feasibility of the proposed methodology.
Polyanhydrides. IV. Unsaturated and crosslinked polyanhydrides (1991)

Abstract Unsaturated polyanhydrides of the structure [(COCHCHCOO) x (CORCOO) y ] n , were synthesized. The polymers were prepared by either melt or solution polycondensation. Weight average molecular weights of up to 30,000 were obtained. The double bonds remain intact throughout the polymerization process and were available for a secondary reaction to form a crosslinked matrix. Poly(fumaric acid) is crystalline and insoluble in common organic solvents. Copolymers of fumaric acid with aliphatic diacids are less crystalline and soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons. These copolymers displayed nearly constant degradation rates and drug release rates under physiological conditions. The time for complete degradation of 14 × 1.5 mm discs of poly(fumaric anhydride) and poly(sebacic anhydride) occurred in 2 and 15 days, respectively, while their copolymers degraded within this range. Further crosslinking of the polyanhydrids is demonstrated.