gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Radar image sequence analysis of inhomogeneous water surfaces</title> (1999)

The radar backscatter from the ocean surface, called sea clutter, is modulated by the surface wave field. A method was developed to estimate the near-surface current, the water depth and calibrated surface wave spectra from nautical radar image sequences. The algorithm is based on the three- dimensional Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) of the spatio- temporal sea clutter pattern in the wavenumber-frequency domain. The dispersion relation is used to define a filter to separate the spectral signal of the imaged waves from the background noise component caused by speckle noise. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) contains information about the significant wave height. The method has been proved to be reliable for the analysis of homogeneous water surfaces in offshore installations. Radar images are inhomogeneous because of the dependency of the image transfer function (ITF) on the azimuth angle between the wave propagation and the antenna viewing direction. The inhomogeneity of radar imaging is analyzed using image sequences of a homogeneous deep-water surface sampled by a ship-borne radar. Changing water depths in shallow-water regions induce horizontal gradients of the tidal current. Wave refraction occurs due to the spatial variability of the current and water depth. These areas cannot be investigated with the standard method. A new method, based on local wavenumber estimation with the multiple-signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm, is outlined. The MUSIC algorithm provides superior wavenumber resolution on local spatial scales. First results, retrieved from a radar image sequence taken from an installation at a coastal site, are presented.
Protein Mediated miRNA Detection and siRNA Enrichment Using p19 (2010)

p19 RNA binding protein from the Carnation Italian ringspot virus (CIRV) is an RNA-silencing suppressor that binds small interfering RNA (siRNA) with high affinity. We created a bifunctional p19 fusion protein with an N-terminal maltose binding protein (MBP), for protein purification, and a C-terminal chitin binding domain (CBD) to bind p19 to chitin magnetic beads. The fusion protein binds dsRNAs in the size range of 20-23 nucleotides, but does not bind ssRNA or dsDNA. Relative affinities of the p19 fusion protein for different-length RNA and DNA substrates were determined. Binding specificity of the p19 fusion protein for small dsRNA allows detection of miRNA:RNA probe duplexes. Using radioactive RNA probes, we were able to detect low levels of miRNAs in the sub-femtomole range and in the presence of a million-fold excess of total RNA. Detection is linear over three logs. Unlike most nucleic acid detection methods, p19 selects for RNA hybrids of correct length and structure. Rules for designing optimal RNA probes for p19 detection of miRNAs were determined by in vitro binding of 18 different dsRNA oligos to p19. These studies demonstrate the potential of p19 fusion protein to detect miRNAs and isolate endogenous siRNAs.
Construction of a Plasmid Used for the Expression of a Sevenfold-Mutant Barley β-Amylase with Increased Thermostability in Escherichia coli and Properties of the Sevenfold-Mutant β-Amylase (1995)

To increase the thermostability of beta-amylase, seven kinds of single-mutant plasmids were constructed with an expression vector of barley beta-amylase by mutagenesis. The remaining activity versus temperature curves were used to determine the temperatures (T50) at which 50% of the initial activity was lost during a 30-min heating period. These mutations increased the T50 values by amounts ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 degrees C. To express the sevenfold-mutant beta-amylase in Escherichia coli, plasmid pB927 was constructed. E. coli harboring plasmid pB927 produced sevenfold-mutant beta- amylase. The T50 value of purified sevenfold-mutant beta-amylase (69.0 degrees C) was higher than that of not only the original recombinant beta-amylase (57.4 degrees C) by 11.6 degrees C but also soybean beta-amylase (63.2 degrees C) by 5.8 degrees C. The intragenic amino acid replacements were found to have simple additive effects on the thermostability of beta-amylase. The sevenfold-mutant beta-amylase was found to be stable at pHs up to 12.5, while the original recombinant beta-amylase was unstable at pHs above 9.5. The data obtained from kinetics studies suggested that the sevenfold-mutant beta-amylase acquired enhanced thermostability, but its function as a beta-amylase remained unchanged.
ChemInform Abstract: Edaxadiene: A New Bioactive Diterpene from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Automatic vessel removal in gliomas from dynamic susceptibility contrast imaging (2009)

The presence of macroscopic vessels within the tumor region is a potential confounding factor in MR-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-enhanced glioma grading. In order to distinguish between such vessels and the elevated cerebral blood volume (CBV) of brain tumors, we propose a vessel segmentation technique based on clustering of multiple parameters derived from the dynamic contrast-enhanced first-pass curve. A total of 77 adult patients with histologically-confirmed gliomas were imaged at 1.5T and glioma regions-of-interest (ROIs) were derived from the conventional MR images by a neuroradiologist. The diagnostic accuracy of applying vessel exclusion by segmentation of glioma ROIs with vessels included was assessed using a histogram analysis method and compared to glioma ROIs with vessels included. For all measures of diagnostic efficacy investigated, the highest values were observed when the glioma diagnosis was based on vessel segmentation in combination with an initial mean transit time (MTT) mask. Our results suggest that vessel segmentation based on DSC parameters may improve the diagnostic efficacy of glioma grading. The proposed vessel segmentation is attractive because it provides a mask that covers all pixels affected by the intravascular susceptibility effect.
<title>Centralized call admission control and load balancing for voice over IP</title> (2001)

IP networks are traditionally designed to support a best- effort service, with no guarantees on the reliable and timely delivery of packets. With the migration of real-time applications such as voice onto IP-based platforms, the existing IP network capabilities become inadequate to provide the quality-of-service (QoS) levels that the end- users are accustomed to. While new protocols such as DiffServ and MPLS allow some amount of traffic prioritization, guaranteed QoS requires call admission control. This paper reviews several possible implementations and shows simulation results for one promising method that makes efficient use of the network and is scalable to large networks.
The Planar Ultrawideband Modular Antenna (PUMA) Array (2011)

A fully planar ultrawideband phased array with wide scan and low cross-polarization performance is introduced. The array is based on Munk's implementation of the current sheet concept, but it employs a novel feeding scheme for the tightly coupled horizontal dipoles that enables simple PCB fabrication. This feeding eliminates the need for “cable organizers” and external baluns, and when combined with dual-offset dual-polarized lattice arrangements the array can be implemented in a modular, tile-based fashion. Simple physical explanations and circuit models are derived to explain the array's operation and guide the design process. The theory and insights are subsequently used to design an exemplary dual-polarized infinite array with 5:1 bandwidth and VSWR <; 2.1 at broadside, and cross-polarization ≈ -15 dB out to θ = 45° in the D- plane.
A tree-structured clustering method integrating noise and SNR for piecewise linear-transformation-based noise adaptation (2004)

This paper proposes the application of a tree-structured clustering method that integrates the effects of noise as well as SNR variation in the framework of piecewise-linear transformation (PLT)-based noise adaptation for robust speech recognition. According to the clustering results, a noisy speech HMM is made for each node of the tree structure. An HMM that best matches the input speech is selected based on the likelihood maximization criterion by tracing the tree downward from the top (root), and the selected HMM is further adapted by linear transformation. The proposed method is evaluated by applying it to a Japanese dialogue recognition system. Experimental results confirm that the proposed method is effective in recognizing numerically noise-added speech and actual noisy speech uttered by a wide range of speakers under various noise conditions.
Adaptive Color-Space Transform in HEVC Screen Content Coding (2016)

The screen content coding (SCC) Extensions of high efficiency video coding (HEVC) employs in-loop adaptive color-space transform (ACT) technique to explore the inter-color-component redundancy, i.e., statistical redundancy among different color components. In ACT, the prediction residual signal is adaptively converted into a different color space, i.e., YCgCo. The rate-distortion criteria is employed to decide whether to code the residual signal in the original color space or YCgCo color space. Typically, the inter-color-component correlation could be reduced when ACT is enabled. The residual signal after possible color-space conversion is then coded, following the existing HEVC framework, i.e., transform if necessary, quantization and entropy coded. This paper describes the design of ACT from several points of view, from theoretical analysis to implementation details. Experimental results are also provided to demonstrate the significant coding gains of ACT in the HEVC SCC Extensions.
Abstract CN01-03: Frameshift peptide vaccination: Towards cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome (2013)

Abstract Lynch syndrome is one of the most common hereditary cancer syndromes. It is caused by germ line mutations of DNA mismatch repair genes and predisposes affected individuals to the development of colorectal cancer and extracolonic malignancies with a lifetime risk of over 50%. Lynch syndrome-associated cancers show the high-level microsatellite instability (MSI-H) phenotype and are characterized by signs of a pronounced local anti-tumoral immune response, suggesting that the immune system plays an active role in the surveillance and natural history of these cancers. The progression of MSI-H cancers is triggered by mutations in microsatellite sequences within gene-encoding regions, which can cause shifts of the translational reading frame and lead to the generation of immunogenic frameshift peptides (FSP) at the carboxy-terminal end of the respective proteins. FSP-specific immune responses have been observed frequently in MSI-H cancer patients and Lynch syndrome mutation carriers. We have therefore initiated a clinical phase I/IIa vaccination trial that evaluates vaccination with a combination of three FSP antigens in patients with MSI-H colorectal cancer, UICC stage III and IV. Preliminary data demonstrate that no treatment-associated severe adverse events have been observed after FSP vaccination. Moreover, significant T cell and humoral immune responses against FSP antigens were induced in the majority of vaccinated patients. The observation of strong FSP-specific immune responses in vaccinated patients suggests that FSP-based vaccination may represent a novel option for the treatment of MSI-H colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, FSP vaccination may be used for tumor prevention in Lynch syndrome mutation carriers in the future. Citation Format: Matthias Kloor, Miriam Reuschenbach, Julia Karbach, Reza Rafiyan, Salah-Eddin Al-Batran, Claudia Pauligk, Elke Jaeger, Magnus von Knebel Doeberitz. Frameshift peptide vaccination: Towards cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr CN01-03.
Laser Welding of Plastics — a Neat Thing (2010)

Abstract Industry has been dealing with the joining of plastics for over half a century. The wish for an economically viable method of joining components was there already when the injection molding process was developed. With the advent of industrial laser technology, laser welding developed into a practical solution for many plastics joining problems.
Phase insensitive preparation of single‐shot RARE: Application to diffusion imaging in humans (1997)

Although RARE and GRASE can produce single-shot images of excellent quality, their utility has been restricted because preparation of the magnetization with interesting contrast before imaging can cause severe artifacts. These artifacts relate to the strong sensitivity of multiple spin echo sequences to the phase of the prepared magnetization. Modifications of the RARE sequence to eliminate these artifacts are discussed, and an approach that eliminates the artifact producing signals from the very first echo is presented. The approach is applied to diffusion imaging of the human brain in normal volunteers and one patient.
Sherlock: Modeling Structured Knowledge in Images. (2015)

How to build a machine learning method that can continuously gain structured visual knowledge by learning structured facts? Our goal in this paper is to address this question by proposing a problem setting, where training data comes as structured facts in images with different types including (1) objects(e.g., ), (2) attributes (e.g., ), (3) actions (e.g., ), (4) interactions (e.g., ). Each structured fact has a semantic language view (e.g., ) and a visual view (an image with this fact). A human is able to efficiently gain visual knowledge by learning facts in a never ending process, and as we believe in a structured way (e.g., understanding playing is the action part of , and hence can generalize to recognize if just learn additionally). Inspired by human visual perception, we propose a model that is (1) able to learn a representation, we name as wild-card, which covers different types of structured facts, (2) could flexibly get fed with structured fact language-visual view pairs in a never ending way to gain more structured knowledge, (3) could generalize to unseen facts, and (4) allows retrieval of both the fact language view given the visual view (i.e., image) and vice versa. We also propose a novel method to generate hundreds of thousands of structured fact pairs from image caption data, which are necessary to train our model and can be useful for other applications.
Mechanism of Surface White Discoloration of Peeled (Minimally Processed) Carrots During Storage (1995)

ABSTRACT A proposed mechanism of white discoloration development on peeled carrots included both physical and physiological responses to wounding. The physical response is a color change due to reversible surface dehydration. This study was performed at 2.5 and 10°C using a mode1 system controlling relative humidity, at 33, 75 or 98%, and a commercial system with low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) plastic film bags. The rate of surface discoloration increased with decreasing RH. When excess surface moisture was left on peeled carrots, rates of white development decreased sharply at all RH compared with a dewetted control. The same effects were observed on peeled carrots stored in LDPE bags. Carrots partially regained their original color when water‐dipped, due to reversal of the physical response component.
In vivo imaging of apoptosis (2008)

Despite over a decade of intense investigation there is still no routine method for the clinical imaging of apoptosis in oncologic patients. There have been multiple tracers proposed but none as of yet has received FDA approval. Radiolabeled annexin V is one of the few radiotracers that has been widely used in Phase II trials and is still under development. In this review we will first detail the general mechanisms involved with apoptosis and other common forms of cell death. Next we will outline the latest in vivo imaging data in animal models and humans including that obtained with radiolabeled annexin V. It is hoped that improved understanding of the complex biochemical pathways involved with cell death will lead to at least several radiopharmaceuticals with the ability to image apoptosis as part of improving the care and treatment of patients suffering from cancer.
Design of high-temperature superconducting low-pass filter for broad-band harmonic rejection (2001)

A new type of low-pass filter based on a coupled line and transmission line theory is proposed for suppressing harmonics and spurious frequency. The seventh-order coupled-line low-pass filter with strip line configuration was fabricated using a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) thin film on MgO(100) substrate. The seventh-order low-pass filter has five attenuation poles in the stop band. Its cutoff frequency is 1 GHz with a 0.01-dB ripple level. The fabricated filter exhibits a characteristic stop band in the range from 1 to 7 GHz. A measured insertion loss at the pass-band of the HTS low-pass filter is 0.2 dB at 77 K, while the maximum return loss is 17.1 dB. These results match well with those obtained by the EM simulation. The new low-pass filter structure is shown to have attractive properties such as compact size, wide stop band range, and low insertion loss.
Data from Preclinical Efficacy and Safety Comparison of CD3 Bispecific and ADC Modalities Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>The restricted expression pattern of B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) makes it an ideal tumor-associated antigen (TAA) for the treatment of myeloma. BCMA has been targeted by both CD3 bispecific antibody and antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) modalities, but a true comparison of modalities has yet to be performed. Here we utilized a single BCMA antibody to develop and characterize both a CD3 bispecific and 2 ADC formats (cleavable and noncleavable) and compared activity both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> with the aim of generating an optimal therapeutic. Antibody affinity, but not epitope was influential in drug activity and hence a high-affinity BCMA antibody was selected. Both the bispecific and ADCs were potent <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>, causing dose-dependent cell killing of myeloma cell lines and tumor regression in orthotopic myeloma xenograft models. Primary patient cells were effectively lysed by both CD3 bispecific and ADCs, with the bispecific demonstrating improved potency, maximal cell killing, and consistency across patients. Safety was evaluated in cynomolgus monkey toxicity studies and both modalities were active based on on-target elimination of B lineage cells. Distinct nonclinical toxicity profiles were seen for the bispecific and ADC modalities. When taken together, results from this comparison of BCMA CD3 bispecific and ADC modalities suggest better efficacy and an improved toxicity profile might be achieved with the bispecific modality. This led to the advancement of a bispecific candidate into phase I clinical trials.</p></div>
Cloud enabled cognitive radio adhoc vehicular networking (CRAVENET) with security aware resource management and internet of vehicles (IoV) applications (2017)

In this paper, we propose to integrate cloud computing into cognitive radio adhoc vehicular networking (CRAVENET) so that the vehicles can share network resources and can benefit wider scope network information for decision making. The proposed architecture includes a cloud enabled CRAVENET. Then, we study the IoV application management system in this cloud enabled CRAVENET. This architecture facilitates to recognize the available resources in real time. Also it provides cloud enabled IoV applications to CRAVENET enabled vehicles. The presented work demonstrates the security protocol in cloud enabled CRAVENET. We propose a distributive and comparative methodology for a secure vehicular network to communicate. We demonstrate the potential of our architecture for real time access of IoV applications in cloud enabled CRAVENET environment.
Comparative genomics and transcriptome analysis of Aspergillus niger and metabolic engineering for citrate production (2017)

Despite a long and successful history of citrate production in Aspergillus niger, the molecular mechanism of citrate accumulation is only partially understood. In this study, we used comparative genomics and transcriptome analysis of citrate-producing strains-namely, A. niger H915-1 (citrate titer: 157 g L<sup>-1</sup>), A1 (117 g L<sup>-1</sup>), and L2 (76 g L<sup>-1</sup>)-to gain a genome-wide view of the mechanism of citrate accumulation. Compared with A. niger A1 and L2, A. niger H915-1 contained 92 mutated genes, including a succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase in the γ-aminobutyric acid shunt pathway and an aconitase family protein involved in citrate synthesis. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis of A. niger H915-1 revealed that the transcription levels of 479 genes changed between the cell growth stage (6 h) and the citrate synthesis stage (12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h). In the glycolysis pathway, triosephosphate isomerase was up-regulated, whereas pyruvate kinase was down-regulated. Two cytosol ATP-citrate lyases, which take part in the cycle of citrate synthesis, were up-regulated, and may coordinate with the alternative oxidases in the alternative respiratory pathway for energy balance. Finally, deletion of the oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase gene in H915-1 eliminated oxalate formation but neither influence on pH decrease nor difference in citrate production were observed.
Improved adhesion of silicone rubber to polyurethane by induced surface reconstruction (1998)

Induced surface reconstruction of silicone rubber by blending polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) reactants with bifunctional PDMS-hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene (PDMS-b-HTPB) copolymers and curing with appropriate mold material was attempted to improve the adhesion of chemically inert silicone rubber to polyurethane (PU). Surface characterization using Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflectance indicated that the surface of the silicone rubber possessed a controlled amount of HTPB. The surface was enriched with HTPB by using mold materials having high critical surface tension, such as aluminum. A dynamic surface rearrangement occurred during a 1-h heating cycle at 70°C, changing from an HTPB-enriched surface to a PDMS-enriched surface. The peel strength between the silicone rubber and PU was found to increase with decreased propanol residue and with an increase in critical surface tension of the molding materials. The increased content of surface HTPB was suggested to account for the improved adhesion of silicone rubber to PU. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 70: 1669–1675, 1998