gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characteristics for Electrical Contact of Silver Base Alloys Containing Magnesium, Manganese and Lanthanum Oxides (1972)

Silver base alloys containing magnesium-, manganese- and lanthanum-oxide were prepared by the internal oxidation in air at 650°C. The characteristics of erosion resistance, welding resistance and contact resistance of these contacts have been measured under the conditions of an applied voltage of 100 volts and circuit currents from 10 to 50 amperes in alternating current.The addition of lanthanum oxide is very effective to improve these characteristics. The contacts containing lanthanum oxide (0.5 at%La) have higher welding resistance and lower contact resistance than the silver-12 wt% cadmium oxide contact which is used very frequently, both contacts are comparable in erosion resistance. On the other hand, although the additions of magnesium and manganese oxides are not so good as that of lanthanum oxide, the erosion resistance of magnesium oxide (1.0 at%Mg) and manganese oxide (3.2 at%Mn) contacts are comparable with that of 12 wt% cadmium oxide contact in the high current region over 30 amperes. Furthermore, the change of the amount of erosion with current becames small for magnesium oxide and manganese oxide contacts.
Volumetric topological analysis: a novel method for trabecular bone characterization on the continuum between plates and rods (2009)

Trabecular bone (TB) is a complex quasi-random network of interconnected struts and plates. TB constantly remodels to adapt dynamically to the stresses to which it is subjected (Wolff's Law). In osteoporosis, this dynamic equilibrium between bone formation and resorption is perturbed, leading to bone loss and structural deterioration, both increasing fracture risk. Bone's mechanical competence can only be partly explained by variations in bone mineral density, which led to the notion of bone structural quality. Previously, we developed digital topological analysis or DTA which classifies plates, rods, profiles, edges and junctions in a TB skeletal representation. Although the method has become quite popular, a major limitation is that DTA produces hard classifications only, failing to distinguish between narrow and wide plates. Here, we present a new method called volumetric topological analysis or VTA for quantification of regional topology in complex quasi-random TB networks. At each TB voxel, the method uniquely classifies the topology on the continuum between perfect plates and rods. Therefore, the method is capable of detecting early alterations of trabeculae from plates to rods according to the known etiology of osteoporotic bone loss. Here, novel ideas of geodesic distance transform, geodesic scale and feature propagation have been introduced and combined with DTA and fuzzy distance transform methods conceiving the new VTA technology. The method has been applied to MDCT and μCT images of a cadaveric distal tibia specimen and the results have been quantitatively evaluated. Specifically, intra- and inter-modality reproducibility of the method has been examined and the results are found very promising.
Development of a continuous-flow tubular reactor for synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from fructose using heterogeneous solid acid catalysts in biphasic reaction medium (2021)

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) is an important biomass-derived platform chemical used to produce polymers, biofuels, and other valuable industrial chemicals.
Vaccination with dendritic cells loaded with HIV-1 lipopeptides elicits broad T cell immunity and control of viral load in HIV infected patients (2012)

International audience
A 53-GOPS programmable vision processor for processing, coding-decoding and synthesizing of images (2001)

whereas virtual round-table conferencing needs at the sender’s side to find a person’s head, cut it from the background, code it and at the receiver’s side to decode and insert it at the round-table by means of geometric transformations (figure below shows virtual round table). Hence, a vision processor has to support image processing, coding/decoding and 3D graphics. Accordingly, a representative body of algorithms from these 3 vision fields was analysed with respect to computational power, elementary instructions and data types needed. It was found that scalar, vector and matrix constitute the main data types, and a set of 205 visionbased instructions for vector and matrix types was defined. Architectural studies led to a parallel array of 16 processing elements (PE) executing the vision instructions on vector and matrix data, as well as to special cache architectures adapted to the new data types. For decoding of instructions, a set of controllers had to be introduced that would deliver control bits to the amount of what full-fledged general-purpose processors use to generate, but at a decade lower power level. Finally, starting off from the OAK DSP and its Ccompiler, a programming model extending C by some vision based semantics, but keeping the C syntax was thought to be adequate for the user. It is the set of 205 application-specific instructions and its computing and memory architecture that make the vision processor a generic one (see [1] for recent alternatives). In the following, only the functional highlights are reported.
Position paper (2013)

We describe Sapper, a language for creating critical hardware components that have provably secure information flow. Most systems that enforce information flow policies place the hardware microarchitecture within the trusted computing base, and also assume that the observable behavior of that microarchitecture is fully and correctly documented. However, the reality is that this behavior is incompletely (and sometimes incorrectly) specified, and that the microarchitecture itself often contains implementation bugs. This fact means that all such systems are vulnerable to attack by exploiting undocumented or buggy hardware features. Sapper addresses this problem by enabling flexible and efficient hardware design that is provably secure with respect to a given information flow policy. Sapper uses a hybrid approach that leverages unique language features and static analysis to determine a set of dynamic checks that are automatically inserted into the hardware design. These checks are provably sufficient to guarantee that the resulting hardware prevents all explicit, implicit, and timing channels even if the hardware is otherwise buggy or poorly documented.
High Speed Non-Contact Ultrasonic Guided Wave Inspections of Rails (2014)

This paper describes a new system for high-speed and non-contact rail defect detection being developed at the University of California at San Diego (UCSD). A prototype using an ultrasonic air-coupled guided wave signal generation and air-coupled signal detection has been tested at the UCSD Rail Defect Farm. This solution presents an improvement over the previously considered laser/air-coupled hybrid system because it replaces the costly and hard-to-maintain laser with a much cheaper, faster, and easier-to-maintain air-coupled transmitter. In addition to a real-time statistical analysis algorithm, the prototype uses a specialized filtering approach to mitigate the inherently poor signal-to-noise ratio of the air-coupled ultrasonic measurements in rail steel. The laboratory results indicate that the prototype is able to detect internal rail defects with a high reliability. Various aspects of the prototype have been designed with the aid of numerical analyses. In particular, simulations of ultrasonic guided wave propagation in rails have been performed using a Local Interaction Simulation Approach (LISA) algorithm. Many of the system operating parameters were selected based on Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves, which provide a quantitative manner to evaluate different detection performances based on the trade-off between detection rate and false positive rate. Extensions of the system capability are planned to add rail surface characterization to the internal rail defect detection to optimize rail grinding operations.
Learning Optimal Incident Illumination using Spectral Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Images for Material Classification (2016)

This article introduces a novel algorithm to learn optimal incident illumination for material classification using spectral bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) images. The method performs a joint selection of incident angle and spectral band in two steps: (1) clustering and selecting incident angles using statistics on the spectral BRDF images for a specific material, and (2) searching for the optimal angles and spectral bands that maximize material discriminability, which we measure in classification performance. The benefits of reducing the number of incident illumination angles include improving material classification, reducing computational time and storage, and allowing for a less cumbersome and potentially mobile imaging system. The authors show that their approach provides comparable material classification performance when using a reduced number of incident illuminations as compared with when using a larger number. They also compare their approach with prior work. © 2015 Society for Imaging Science and Technology.
The Rise of Ingot Niobium as a Material for Superconducting Radiofrequency Accelerating Cavities (2013)

As a result of a collaboration between Jefferson Lab and niobium manufacturer CBMM, ingot niobium was explored as a possible material for superconducting radiofrequency (SRF) cavity fabrication. The first single cell cavity from large grain high purity niobium was fabricated and successfully tested at Jefferson Lab in 2004. This pioneering work triggered research activities in other SRF laboratories around the world. Large grain niobium became not only an interesting alternative material for cavity builders, but also material scientists and surface scientists were eager to participate in the development of this material. Most of the original expectations for this material of being less costly and allowing less expensive fabrication and treatment procedures at the same performance levels in cavities have been met. Many single cell cavities made from material of different suppliers have been tested successfully and several multi-cell cavities have shown the performances comparable to the best cavities made from standard poly-crystalline niobium. Several 9-cell cavities fabricated by Research Instruments and tested at DESY exceeded the best performing fine grain cavities with a record accelerating gradient of Eacc = 45.6 MV/m. Recently- at JLab- by using a new furnace treatment procedure a single cell cavity made of ingot niobium performed at a remarkably high Q0-value (~5x10^10) at an accelerating gradient of ~20 MV/m, at 2K. Such performance levels push the state-of-the art of SRF technology to new limits and are of great interest for future accelerators. This contribution reviews the development of ingot niobium technology and attempts to make a case for this material being the choice for future accelerators.
From hemodynamic towards cardiomechanic sensors in implantable devices (2013)

Sensor could significantly improve the cardiac electrotherapy. It has to provide long-term stabile signal not impeding the device longevity and lead reliability. It may not introduce special implantation and adjustment procedures. Hemodynamic sensors based on the blood flow velocity and cardiomechanic sensors based on the lead bending measurement are disclosed. These sensors have a broad clinical utility. Triboelectric and high-frequency lead bending sensors yield accurate and stable signals whereby functioning with every cardiac lead. Moreover, high frequency measurement avoids use of any kind of special hardware mounted on the cardiac lead.
Deterministically polarized, room-temperature single-photon source: Single-dye molecule fluorescence in liquid crystal host (2004)

A single photon source based on fluorescence from single-dye molecules in liquid-crystal hosts manifests itself in observed dye-fluorescence antibunching. 400 to 2200-nm, liquid-crystal 1-D-photonic-bandgap structures will increase the source efficiency using dyes/colloidal-quantum-dots as emitters.
Integrated PIN photodiodes in high-performance BiCMOS technology (2003)

We attain a PIN photodiode combining high responsivity, fast response and low capacitance in BiCMOS technology. Only a slight process modification, having no verifiable influence on the transistor parameters is necessary. We achieve bandwidths of 625 MHz and 240 MHz at 670 and 780 nm as well as a quantum efficiency of 96.5%.
Scalable Scheduling of Updates in Streaming Data Warehouses (2011)

We discuss update scheduling in streaming data warehouses, which combine the features of traditional data warehouses and data stream systems. In our setting, external sources push append-only data streams into the warehouse with a wide range of interarrival times. While traditional data warehouses are typically refreshed during downtimes, streaming warehouses are updated as new data arrive. We model the streaming warehouse update problem as a scheduling problem, where jobs correspond to processes that load new data into tables, and whose objective is to minimize data staleness over time (at time t, if a table has been updated with information up to some earlier time r, its staleness is t minus r). We then propose a scheduling framework that handles the complications encountered by a stream warehouse: view hierarchies and priorities, data consistency, inability to preempt updates, heterogeneity of update jobs caused by different interarrival times and data volumes among different sources, and transient overload. A novel feature of our framework is that scheduling decisions do not depend on properties of update jobs (such as deadlines), but rather on the effect of update jobs on data staleness. Finally, we present a suite of update scheduling algorithms and extensive simulation experiments to map out factors which affect their performance.
A novel SCN5A arrhythmia mutation, M1766L, with expression defect rescued by mexiletine (2002)

These findings suggest that M1766L-SCN5A channel dysfunction may contribute to the basis of lethal arrhythmias, displays an overlapping electrophysiological phenotype, and represents the first sodium channelopathy rescued by drug.
The Design of Vaccines Against<i>Helicobacter Pylori</i>and Their Development (2001)

Helicobacter pylori is a gram negative, spiral, microaerophylic bacterium that infects the stomach of more than 50% of the human population worldwide. It is mostly acquired during childhood and, if not treated, persists chronically, causing chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and in some individuals, gastric adenocarcinoma and gastric B cell lymphoma. The current therapy, based on the use of a proton-pump inhibitor and antibiotics, is efficacious but faces problems such as patient compliance, antibiotic resistance, and possible recurrence of infection. The development of an efficacious vaccine against H. pylori would thus offer several advantages. Various approaches have been followed in the development of vaccines against H. pylori, most of which have been based on the use of selected antigens known to be involved in the pathogenesis of the infection, such as urease, the vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA), the cytotoxin-associated antigen (CagA), the neutrophil-activating protein (NAP), and others, and intended to confer protection prophylactically and/or therapeutically in animal models of infection. However, very little is known of the natural history of H. pylori infection and of the kinetics of the induced immune responses. Several lines of evidence suggest that H. pylori infection is accompanied by a pronounced Th1-type CD4(+) T cell response. It appears, however, that after immunization, the antigen-specific response is predominantly polarized toward a Th2-type response, with production of cytokines that can inhibit the activation of Th1 cells and of macrophages, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines. The exact effector mechanisms of protection induced after immunization are still poorly understood. The next couple of years will be crucial for the development of vaccines against H. pylori. Several trials are foreseen in humans, and expectations are that most of the questions being asked now on the host-microbe interactions will be answered.
La transplantation de myoblastes normaux ou génétiquement modifiés pour le traitement de maladies héréditaires ou acquises (2001)

The clinical trials of myoblast transplantation in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients produced disappointing results. The main problems responsible for these poor results have since then been identified and partially resolved. One of them was related to the use of an inadequate immunosuppression and, since then, immunosuppression with FK506 has permitted successful myoblast transplantation not only in mice but also in monkeys. The requirement for a sustained immunosuppression may be eventually avoided by developing a state of tolerance to the allogeneic cells or by autologous transplantation of genetically corrected myoblasts or stem cells. The rapid death of 75-80% of the injected myoblasts during the first five days has also contributed to the limited success of the early trials. This death was due to an inflammatory reaction and has been compensated in animal experiments by the injection of a larger number of cells (30 millions per cc). Finally, the myoblasts migrated only 0.5 mm away from their site of injection. This problem is currently compensated in animal experiments by injecting the myoblasts at every mm. The number of injections required may eventually be reduced by transfecting myoblasts with one or several metalloproteinase genes. The very good results obtained during the last two years in primates permit us to undertake a new phase I clinical trial to verify that myoblast transplantation can lead to the formation of muscle fibers expressing normal dystrophin in muscles of DMD patients.
High-Resolution Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry Using New Planar Geometry Analyzers (2006)

Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) has emerged as a powerful tool of broad utility for separation and characterization of gas-phase ions, especially in conjunction with mass spectrometry (MS). In FAIMS, ions are filtered by the dependence of mobility on electric field while being carried by gas flow through the analytical gap between two electrodes of either planar (p-) or cylindrical (c-) geometry. Most FAIMS/MS systems employ c-FAIMS because of its ease of coupling to MS, yet the merits of the two geometries have not been compared in detail. Here, a priori simulations reveal that reducing the FAIMS curvature always improves resolution at equal sensitivity. In particular, the resolving power of p-FAIMS exceeds that of c-FAIMS, typically by a factor of 2-4 depending on the ion species and carrier gas. We have constructed a new planar FAIMS incorporating a curtain plate interface for effective operation with an ESI ion source and joined to an MS using an ion funnel interface with a novel slit aperture. The resolution increases up to 4-fold over existing c-FAIMS, even though the analysis is approximately 2 times faster. This allows separation of species not feasible in previous FAIMS studies, e.g., protonated leucine and isoleucine or new bradykinin isomers. The improvement for protein conformers (of ubiquitin) is less significant, possibly because of multiple unresolved geometries.
A new current-mode squaring circuit with compensation for error resulting from carrier mobility reduction (2013)

This paper presents a new current-mode squaring circuit. The design is based on MOSFETs translinear principle in strong inversion. A new compensation techniques to minimize the second order effects caused by carrier mobility reduction in short channel MOSFETs is proposed. Tanner T-spice simulation tool is used to confirm the functionality of the proposed design in 0.18μm CMOS process technology. Simulation results indicate that the maximum linearity error is 1.16 % and the power consumption is 331μW.
HydroRing (2018)

Current haptic devices are often bulky and rigid, making them unsuitable for ubiquitous interaction and scenarios where the user must also interact with the real world. To address this gap, we propose HydroRing, an unobtrusive, finger-worn device that can provide the tactile sensations of pressure, vibration, and temperature on the fingertip, enabling mixed-reality haptic interactions. Different from previous explorations, HydroRing in active mode delivers sensations using liquid travelling through a thin, flexible latex tube worn across the fingerpad, and has minimal impact on a user's dexterity and their perception of stimuli in passive mode. Two studies evaluated participants' ability to perceive and recognize sensations generated by the device, as well as their ability to perceive physical stimuli while wearing the device. We conclude by exploring several applications leveraging this mixed-reality haptics approach.
Space time trellis codes based on channel phase feedback (2005)

Space-time coding has been proposed recently for MIMO wireless communication systems. Most of these space-time coding schemes use the assumption that either no channel state information, or the channel mean/covariance information, is available at the transmitter. We propose a new space-time coding scheme for a close-loop transmission system, where quantized channel phase information is available at the transmitter. A new performance criterion is derived for the quasi-static fading channel. This design criterion is then used to construct a new class of space-time trellis codes. The proposed code construction is based on the concatenation of a standard M-TCM outer code with an inner code. The inner code is selected from a series of inner codes using the channel phase feedback. The series of inner codes is constructed based on the systematic set partitioning of two classes of space-time signal designs. Simulation results show significant improvement over other space-time trellis codes. In addition, the proposed coding scheme enjoys low peak-to-average power ratio, simple decoding, and easy implementation without complicated eigenanalysis.
Highly bright blue organic light-emitting devices using spirobifluorene-cored conjugated compounds (2002)

An efficient and morphologically stable pyrimidine-containing spirobifluorene-cored oligoaryl, 2,7-bis[2-(4-tert-butylphenyl)pyrimidine-5-yl]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (TBPSF), as an emitter or a host for blue organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs), is reported. The steric hindrance inherent with the molecular structure renders the material a record-high neat-film photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 80% as a pure blue emitter (PL peak at 430 nm) of low molecular weight, and a very high glass-transition temperature (Tg) of 195 °C. Blue OLEDs employing this compound as the emitter or the emitting host exhibit unusual endurance for high currents over 5000 mA/cm2. When TBPSF is used as a host for perylene in a blue OLED, maximal brightness of ∼80 000 cd/m2 had been achieved, representing the highest values reported for blue OLEDs under dc driving.