gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(arylene sulfides) with pendant cyano groups as high‐temperature laminating resins (1973)

Abstract Poly(phenylene sulfides) were synthesized from m ‐benzenedithiol and aromatic dibromides in a basic medium of potassium carbonate in dimethylformamide or dimethylacetamide. The products obtained were slightly off‐white with relatively low melting ranges and had inherent viscosities in the 0.2–0.4 dl/g range in hexamethylphosphoric triamide. Similar poly(phenylene sulfides) containing pendant cyano groups along the polymer chains were obtained by the use of 5 mole‐% of either 2,4‐dichlorobenzonitrile or 3,5‐dichlorobenzonitrile. The products were similar to the pure polyphenylene sulfides, except that they showed lower melting ranges and gave insoluble products when heated alone or in the presence of zinc chloride.
Antineoplastic agents. 160. Isolation and structure of combretastatin D-1: a cell growth inhibitory macrocyclic lactone from Combretum caffrum (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntineoplastic agents. 160. Isolation and structure of combretastatin D-1: a cell growth inhibitory macrocyclic lactone from Combretum caffrumGeorge R. Pettit, Sheo Bux. Singh, and Margaret L. NivenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 25, 8539–8540Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00233a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00233a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The synthesis of cyclic combinational circuits (2003)

Digital circuits are called combinational if they are memoryless: they have outputs that depend only on the current values of the inputs. Combinational circuits are generally thought of as acyclic (i.e., feed-forward) structures. And yet, cyclic circuits can be combinational. Cycles sometimes occur in designs synthesized from high-level descriptions. Feedback in such cases is carefully contrived, typically occurring when functional units are connected in a cyclic topology. Although the premise of cycles in combinational circuits has been accepted, and analysis techniques have been proposed, no one has attempted the synthesis of circuits with feedback at the logic level.We propose a general methodology for the synthesis of multilevel combinational circuits with cyclic topologies. Our approach is to introduce feedback in the substitution / minimization phase, optimizing a multilevel network description for area. In trials with benchmark circuits, many were optimized significantly, with improvements of up to 30% in the area. superior to acyclic.We argue the case for radically rethinking the concept of "combinational" in circuit design: we should no longer think of combinational logic as acyclic in theory or in practice, since nearly all combinational circuits are best designed with cycles.
Paulomycin-related antibiotics : Paldimycins and antibiotics 273a2. Isolation and characterization. (1987)

The isolation of paulomycins A and B from fermentations of Streptomyces paulus has been reported earlier [J. Antibiotics 35: 285-294, 1982]. Further work on the antibiotics produced by S. paulus revealed the production of two paulomycin-related compounds, antibiotics 273a1 and 273a2 which were isolated by procedures involving extractions and chromatography over buffered silica gel. Antibiotic 273a1 which has been named paldimycin, was found to be a mixture of two materials, paldimycins A and B (antibiotics 273a1 alpha, and 273a1 beta). Similarly, antibiotic 273a2 was found to consist of antibiotic 273a2 alpha and antibiotic 273a2 beta. Paldimycin and antibiotic 273a2, which are produced by addition of two or one molecules of N-acetyl-L-cysteine, respectively, to paulomycins A and B, are active vs. Gram-positive bacteria.
<title>Switched-field magnetic resonance imaging</title> (1992)

We describe the implementation of a field-cycling electromagnet in a whole-body clinical MRI system. A pulsed magnet is driven on during dead times of the NMR sequence and serves to increase the equilibrium magnetization induced in the patient. Signal transmission and reception occurs only during the period when the electromagnet is turned off and does not otherwise influence the data collection. Applications of the technology include image quality enhancement for low field MRI and for in vivo localized relaxation rate measurements.
Don't be SCAREd (2013)

Various computational procedures or constraint-based methods for data repairing have been proposed over the last decades to identify errors and, when possible, correct them. However, these approaches have several limitations including the scalability and quality of the values to be used in replacement of the errors. In this paper, we propose a new data repairing approach that is based on maximizing the likelihood of replacement data given the data distribution, which can be modeled using statistical machine learning techniques. This is a novel approach combining machine learning and likelihood methods for cleaning dirty databases by value modification. We develop a quality measure of the repairing updates based on the likelihood benefit and the amount of changes applied to the database. We propose SCARE (SCalable Automatic REpairing), a systematic scalable framework that follows our approach. SCARE relies on a robust mechanism for horizontal data partitioning and a combination of machine learning techniques to predict the set of possible updates. Due to data partitioning, several updates can be predicted for a single record based on local views on each data partition. Therefore, we propose a mechanism to combine the local predictions and obtain accurate final predictions. Finally, we experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness, efficiency, and scalability of our approach on real-world datasets in comparison to recent data cleaning approaches.
High internal differential efficiency mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2017)

Implementation of the step-taper active-region (STA) design to 8-9 μm-emitting quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has resulted in both high T<sub>0</sub> and T<sub>1</sub> values: 220 K and 665 K, and short lower-level lifetimes: 0.12 ps. In turn, the internal differential efficiency η<sub>id</sub>, which is the product of the injection efficiency and the differential laser-transition efficiency, reaches values as high as 86 % for both 8.4 μm- and 8.8 μm-emitting QCLs. Such η<sub>id</sub> values are 30-50% higher than those obtained from conventional QCLs emitting in the 7-11 μm wavelength range. Achieving both carrier-leakage suppression and miniband-like carrier extraction in mid-infrared (IR) QCLs leads to η<sub>id</sub> values close to the fundamental limit of ~ 90 %. In turn, the currently employed fundamental wallplug-efficiency limits over the mid-IR wavelength range have to be increased by ~ 34 % (e.g., the wallplug-efficiency limit at λ= 4.6 μm increases from 29 % to 39 %). Preliminary results from STA-type 4.8-5.0 μm-emitting QCLs include 1.5 W CW operation, and 77 % internal differential efficiency; that is, 30-50% higher than the η<sub>id</sub> values obtained from conventional 4.0-6.5μm-emitting QCLs.
Safety of a modified-live combination vaccine against respiratory and reproductive diseases in pregnant cows. (2003)

A combination vaccine (Bovi-Shield FP4 + L5, Pfizer Animal Health) containing modified-live virus (MLV) components against bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus BVDV), parainfluenza virus-3 (PI3), bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), and inactivated cultures of Leptospira canicola, grippotyphosa, hardjo, icterohaemorrhagiae, and pomona was evaluated for safety in pregnant beef and dairy animals. Heifers vaccinated prebreeding with the minimum immunizing dose (lowest antigen level initiating immunizing effects) of the vaccine's MLV BHV-1 or BVDV components and during pregnancy (approximately 200 days of gestation) with vaccine containing 10x doses of the same BHV-1 and BVDV components delivered live, healthy calves that were determined to be serologically negative (titer less than 1:2) for neutralizing antibodies to BHV-1 and BVDV prior to nursing. Additionally, in three field safety studies, previously vaccinated cows and heifers that received a field dose (vaccine containing antigen levels required for commercial sale of the MLV combination vaccine during either the first, second, or third trimester of pregnancy had abortion rates similar to those of pregnant cows and heifers vaccinated during the same stage of pregnancy with sterile water diluent.
Proposal for an objective video quality assessment method that takes temporal and spatial information into consideration (2006)

With the proliferation of high-speed IP connection service, video communication service has been attracting attention. In order to realize high-quality video communication service, it is important to carry out appropriate quality design prior to providing service and to adequately monitor and administer the service. To this end, it is necessary to establish a quality evaluation technique that appropriately expresses the quality enjoyed by the user and evaluates the video quality appropriately and rapidly. In this paper, a video quality assessment method is proposed for coding distortions at a wide range of bit rates, assuming use in a PC vision environment. The proposed method performs evaluation with weighting that takes account of blurring of the edge portion, generation of new edges, and deterioration in the time axis direction. The estimation accuracy of the present objective quality evaluation method is confirmed by adding coding distortions to the input video of 36 standard video scenes. Accuracy similar to the fluctuations of the subjective quality assessment is obtained, indicating that the method is sufficient for objective video quality assessment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(12): 97– 108, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20265
Mucoid <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> in cystic fibrosis: mutations in the <i>muc</i> loci affect transcription of the <i>algR</i> and <i>algD</i> genes in response to environmental stimuli (1990)

Increased levels of alginate biosynthesis cause mucoidy in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a virulence factor of particular importance in cystic fibrosis. The algR gene product, which controls transcription of a key alginate biosynthetic gene, algD, is homologous to the activator members of the two-component, environmentally responsive systems (NtrC, OmpR, PhoB, ArcA, etc). In this report, we show that mutations in the muc loci, (muc-2, muc-22, and muc-23, in the standard genetic P. aeruginosa strain PAO, as well as a mapped muc allele in an isolate from a cystic fibrosis patient) affect transcription of algD and algR. This influence was strongly dependent on environmental factors. Regulation by nitrogen was observed in all strains examined, but the absolute transcriptional levels, determining the mucoid or nonmucoid status, were strain (muc allele)-dependent. Increased concentrations of NaCl in the medium, an osmolyte which is elevated in cystic fibrosis lung secretions, resulted in an increased algD transcription and mucoid phenotype in a muc-2 strain; the same conditions, however, produced a nonmucoid phenotype in the muc-23 background and abolished algD transcription. Mutations in the muc loci may cause mucoidy by deregulating the normal response of the alginate system to environmental stimuli.
Compact digital holographic microscopes and application (2009)

Digital Holographic Microscopy (DHM) has shown increased interest over the recent years with applications ranging from MEMS inspection and testing, to Microscopy of cells and also for particle sizing and characterization. Various set-ups have been exploited for these applications. In this paper we describe three of such compact set-ups suitable for each of the above mentioned areas.
Factor XIIIa-derived peptides inhibit transglutaminase activity. Localization of substrate recognition sites. (1993)

Factor XIIIa is a transglutaminase that catalyzes intermolecular gamma-glutamyl-epsilon-lysyl bonds between fibrin and other proteins involved in hemostasis. We synthesized 25 peptides from various regions of factor XIIIa and studied their effects on cross-linking fibrin, N,N'-dimethylcasein, or fibronectin. We found that two peptides, Asn72-Asp97 (peptide-4) and Asp190-Phe230 (peptide-7), inhibited factor XIIIa cross-linking of these substrates. The other peptides did not inhibit factor XIIIa activity. The inhibition of cross-linking was reversed by excess substrate, indicating that the peptides were interacting with fibrin and not factor XIIIa. The peptides were not pseudosubstrates since they were not cross-linked to fibrin. The peptides did not modify the primary amine binding site as increasing the primary amine concentration did not reverse inhibition. Peptides-4 and -7 also had no effect on exposure of the active site of factor XIIIa and no synergistic inhibitory effects were detected. Peptides-4 and -7 had no effect on factor XIIIa binding to fibrin suggesting that the binding sites and the substrate recognition sites were distinct. Synthetic peptides containing shorter amino acid sequences of peptide-4 were inactive. In contrast, the amino-terminal (Asp190-Lys199, Tyr194-Tyr204) and the carboxyl-terminal (Lys221-Phe230) portions of peptide-7 were 20-60-fold less inhibitory compared to intact peptide-7. Peptides-4 and -7 also inhibited guinea pig liver tissue transglutaminase from cross-linking fibrinogen, N,N'-dimethylcasein, and fibronectin. In conclusion, we have identified two regions outside the active site pocket which are important for substrate recognition in factor XIIIa and tissue transglutaminase.
An on-chip Cell-SELEX process for automatic selection of high-affinity aptamers specific to different histologically classified ovarian cancer cells (2014)

Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the second most common type of gynecological cancer. More seriously, the prognosis for survival is relatively poor if an early OvCa diagnosis is not achieved. However, it is extremely challenging to diagnose very early stage OvCa, when treatments are the most effective, because of the lack of specific and sensitive biomarkers. Therefore, in order to achieve early detection of OvCa, screening and identifying biomarkers with high specificity and affinity are greatly needed. In this study, an integrated microfluidic system capable of performing cell-based systematic evolution of ligands by an exponential enrichment (Cell-SELEX) process was developed for automatic, high-throughput screening of multiple cell lines to competitively select aptamer-based biomarkers for OvCa. This on-chip Cell-SELEX process only required five rounds of aptamer selection, which is much faster than using a conventional SELEX process (22 rounds). Using this on-chip process, 13 aptamers specific to OvCa cells were successfully screened and three of them showed high affinity towards target cells with dissociation constants of 1.8 nM, 8.3 nM, and 1.3 nM. Analysis of stained fluorescence images and competitive testing against multiple cancer cell lines (cervical cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and liver cancer) were performed to verify the specificity of these selected aptamers. The results demonstrated that this developed system could perform the on-chip Cell-SELEX selection successfully and could be applied for personalized aptamer screening or targeted therapy monitoring in the near future.
Strain-compensated MQW electroabsorption modulatorfor increased optical power handling (1994)

InGaAsP MQW electroabsorption modulators with compressive strain in the wells and tensile strain in the barriers provide easier escape of photogenerated holes and operate at higher intensities before suffering saturation. Hole escape from wells is enhanced by a reduced energy difference between heavy-hole states in the well and light-hole states in the barrier.
Asynchronous Pulse Logic (2002)

This thesis explores a new way of computing with CMOS digital circuits, single-track—handshake asynchronous pulse-logic (STAPL). These circuits are similar to quasi delay-insensitive (QDI) circuits, but the normal four-phase QDI handshake is replaced with a simpler two-phase pulsed handshake. While a delay-insensitive two-phase handshake requires complicated decoding circuits, the pulsed handshake maintains the simpler, electrically beneficial signaling senses of four-phase handshaking by using timing assumptions that are easy to meet. We cover many aspects of designing moderately large digital systems out of STAPL circuits, from the communicating-process level to the production-rule and transistor level. We study the theory of operation of pulsed asynchronous circuits, starting with simple pulse repeaters; hence we progress to a general theory of operation for pulsed asynchronous circuits. This theory is a generalization of the theory of operation of synchronous digital circuits. We then develop the family of STAPL circuits. This is a complete family of dataflow processes: the presented circuits can compute unconditionally as well as conditionally; they can also store state and arbitrate. Next, we present some aspects of automatic design-tools for compiling from a higher-level description to STAPL circuits. Many of these aspects apply equally well to tools for QDI circuits; in particular, we study boolean-simplification operations that may be used for improving the performance of slack-elastic asynchronous systems. Finally, a simple 32-bit microprocessor is presented as a demonstration that the circuits and design methods work as described. Comparisons are made, mainly with QDI asynchronous design-styles: SPICE simulations in 0.6-µm CMOS suggest that a system built out of automatically compiled STAPL circuits performs at about three times higher throughput (650-700 MHz in 0.6-µm CMOS) compared with a similar system built out of carefully hand-compiled QDI circuits; the STAPL system uses about twice the energy per operation and twice the area; in other words, the STAPL system improves on the QDI system by four to five times as measured by the Et^2 and At^2 metrics.
High-temperature and high-power terahertz quantum-cascade lasers (2007)

We summarize recent results in the development of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) based on resonant-phonon active region designs. First, we describe attempts to improve high-temperature operation of terahertz QCLs by the use of double-phonon depopulation in order to prevent thermal backfilling of the lower radiative state. While the best of the three tested devices displayed a threshold current density of <i>J</i><sub>th</sub>=170 A/cm<sup>2</sup> at 5 K and lased up to 138 K in pulsed mode, no temperature advantage was observed compared to single-phonon designs. Also, we describe high power operation of two different THz QCLs that emit up to 248 mW (pulsed) and 135 mW (continuous-wave) at 4.3-4.5 THz, and 75 mW (pulsed) at 4.8-5.0 THz.
Self-calibrated wireless sleep sensing system for brain injury diagnostics (2012)

A wide range of conditions fall under the category of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (mTBI) diagnosis. In this article, we focus on a new method during sleep to detect mTBI associated with neuro-cognitive impairment that is not apparent using standard neuro-imaging methods. A wireless pressure sensor system comprising a piezo-resistive flexible substrate paired with a microcontroller and a radio is designed and built to provide information relevant to mTBI detection. The collected information is then processed with a software program to remove noise and interference, and detect both sleep states and cardio-respiratory movements. (5 pages)
Spark plasma sintering consolidated transparent ZrO2- SiO2 glass ceramic containing nano-sized ZrO2 spheres (2016)

Spark plasma sintering consolidated transparent ZrO2- SiO2 glass ceramic containing nano-sized ZrO2 spheres
Multiple State Electrostatically Formed Nanowire Transistors (2015)

Electrostatically formed nanowire (EFN)-based transistors have been suggested in the past as gas sensing devices. These transistors are multiple gate transistors in which the source to drain conduction path is determined by the bias applied to the back gate, and two junction-side gates. If a specific bias is applied to the side gates, the conduction band electrons between them are confined to a well-defined area forming a narrow channel-the EFN. By applying a nonsymmetric bias on the side gates, the lateral position of the EFN can be controlled. We propose a novel multiple state EFN transistor (MSET) that utilizes this degree of freedom for the implementation of complete multiplexer functionality in a single device. The basic device functionality was verified through simulation of MSETs with three and four well defined conduction states. The multiplexer functionality allows a very simple implementation of binary and multiple valued logic functions.
Soluble and reusable polymer-based catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acidity for the one-pot synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose (2022)

One-pot synthesis of hydroxymethylfurfural from glucose using polymer-based catalysts with Brønsted and Lewis acidity.
Unanswered Questions about Peritoneal Dialysis Physiology (1980)

During the past five years an increased interest in peritoneal dialysis has stimulated studies of factors affecting solute transport during this process. The major advances which have been made in our understanding of anatomy and physiology of the peritoneal dialysis system have been reviewed elsewhere ( 1-9) . The purpose of this paper is to summarize major unanswered questions in these areas and to stimulate future investigations .
A new rapid and sensitive detection method for cereulide-producing<i>Bacillus cereus</i>using a cycleave real-time PCR (2009)

This assay is applicable for contaminated foods as well as specimens from infectious disease cases. We recommend this assay for routine examination of suspected B. cereus food poisonings.