gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trace Carbon Dioxide Capture by Metal–Organic Frameworks (2018)

Climate deterioration is closely related to the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, which is considered one of the major environmental challenges we are facing today. It is urgent to take immediate actions to prevent further climate change. In comparison with postcombustion CO2 capture technologies from flue gas, trace CO2 capture directly from air is still a challenge but very important for both CO2 control in the atmosphere and air quality control in confined space. This review highlights recent research advances in the use of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) for trace CO2 capture, with the emphasis on employing amine-functionalized MOFs and ultramicroporous MOFs. Herein, the reported strategies to enhance CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity by MOFs are categorized into three main directions, including the developments of MOFs with open metal sites, ultramicroporous MOFs, and amine-functionalized MOFs. The mechanisms combined with trace CO2 capture performance by these MOFs are discussed in detail, offering some promising adsorption solutions for future practical applications of MOF materials. In addition, the performance for CO2 capture under humid conditions and the regenerability of these MOF adsorbents are revealed. In order to address major issues of capacity, selectivity, and stability especially under humid conditions, precise construction and engineering of MOFs to achieve the optimized porous materials are needed.
The cutaneous safety of topical tretinoin. (1976)

Topical tretinoin is a valuable therapeutic agent whose chief drawback has been local primary irritation. What were thought to be special difficulties with photosensitivity reactions and pigmentary changes in dark skin, really turn out to be other manifestations of the irritancy. Advances in the development of newer dosage forms and treatment regimens, together with expanded knowledge of the many factors which contribute to the problem, mean that there should be very few patients who cannot be treated with tretinoin. Only the rare patient with true hypersensitivity to the drug need be denied. Appropriate therapy still requires a modicum of personal attention to the individual patient's needs-but that is what the practice of medicine is all about.
Study of vibrational modes of gold nanostructures by picosecond ultrasonics (1993)

We have used picosecond ultrasonics techniques to study the vibrations of several nanostructures composed of laterally patterned gold films on fused quartz substrates. The structures include arrays of stripes and dots with lateral repeat distance as small as 2000 Å. The frequencies and attenuation rates of the low-lying normal modes of these structures are measured. We compare these results with those obtained theoretically from a finite element analysis of the dynamics of the structures, and discuss the physical nature of the principal vibrational modes.
Allelotype of human malignant astrocytoma. (1990)

Astrocytoma, the most common brain tumor in humans, is usually malignant and virtually incurable. Two types of malignant astrocytomas can be distinguished histopathologically: anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma multiforme. Studies using DNA markers that detect restriction fragment length polymorphisms have shown that loci on chromosomes 10 and 17p are lost frequently in tumor DNA from malignant astrocytoma patients, suggesting that tumor suppressor genes important in astrocytoma tumorigenesis may be present on 2 different chromosomes. To identify additional regions of chromosome loss, we carried out an allelotype analysis of 41 malignant astrocytoma patients using restriction fragment length polymorphism markers for each arm of every human autosome. Loss of heterozygosity was found for every autosome except chromosome 21, indicating an even greater complexity of genomic alterations than reported previously. Many tumors showed loss of heterozygosity for multiple chromosomes and the number of chromosomes involved correlated with tumor histopathology. A high-resolution restriction fragment length polymorphism study of chromosome 10 loci in these patients showed that loss of broad regions of chromosome 10 was a common event, particularly in glioblastoma multiforme. An allelotype analysis has been carried out on only one other tumor, human colorectal carcinoma. Different profiles of allele loss were observed in malignant astrocytoma and colorectal carcinoma, suggesting that the genetic events leading to these 2 human cancers may proceed along different pathways.
Facial basal cell carcinoma treated with topical 5% imiquimod cream with dermoscopic evaluation (2016)

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer worldwide. Surgical excision is considered to be the primary therapeutic modality wherever possible. For inoperable cases, 5% imiquimod seems to be a good alternative. We present two cases of nodular pigmented BCCs on the face in elderly women successfully treated with 5% imiquimod cream application resulting in complete clinical clearance of lesion as well as on histology and dermatoscopy. There was no recurrence of the lesion on 2 years follow-up for the first and 1.5 years for the second patient.
The DNA Damage Response: A Common Pathway in the Regulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1 Ligand Expression in Normal, Infected, and Cancer Cells (2014)

NKG2D and DNAM-1 are two activating receptors, present on the surface of NK cells and other cells of the immune system. Their ligands - MICA, MICB, ULBP1-6 for NKG2D, PVR/CD155 and Nectin-2/CD112 for DNAM-1 - can be constitutively expressed at low levels in some normal cells, but they are more often defined as "stress-induced," since different stimuli can positively regulate their expression. In this review, we describe the molecular mechanisms involved in the up-regulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligands under different physiological and pathological "stress" conditions, including mitosis, viral infections, and cancer. We will focus on the DNA damage response, as recent advances in the field have uncovered its important role as a common signaling pathway in the regulation of both NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligand expression in response to very diverse conditions and stimuli.
Unbiased Multivariate Correlation Analysis (2017)

Correlation measures are a key element of statistics and machine learning, and essential for a wide range of data analysis tasks. Most existing correlation measures are for pairwise relationships, but real-world data can also exhibit complex multivariate correlations, involving three or more variables. We argue that multivariate correlation measures should be comparable, interpretable, scalable and unbiased. However, no existing measures satisfy all these requirements. In this paper, we propose an unbiased multivariate correlation measure, called UMC, which satisfies all the above criteria. UMC is a cumulative entropy based non-parametric multivariate correlation measure, which can capture both linear and non-linear correlations for groups of three or more variables. It employs a correction for chance using a statistical model of independence to address the issue of bias. UMC has high interpretability and we empirically show it outperforms state-of-the-art multivariate correlation measures in terms of statistical power, as well as for use in both subspace clustering and outlier detection tasks.
Quantum cascade lasers with large optical waveguides (2006)

Quantum cascade lasers with large optical cavities that exhibit low waveguide losses, high saturation intensities, and low beam divergence, emitting between /spl lambda//spl ap/4.3 and 5.2μm were studied. Peak-pulsed powers up to 14 W at 15 K and 5 W at 280 K at /spl lambda//spl ap/5.2 μm are demonstrated. A full-width at half-maximum of only 30/spl deg/ was measured for the transverse far-field pattern of the device operating at /spl lambda//spl ap/4.3 μm, a significant reduction compared to conventional waveguides.
Using hybrid refractive-diffractive elements in infrared Petzval objectives (1991)

Hybrid refractive-diffractive elements have the potential to provide chromatic correction with less than half the material content of a conventional doublet. It is shown that the performance of a general hybrid meniscus element can exceed that of the equivalent doublet. Their design and potential advantages are illustrated to good effect in a Petzval objective example. 1.
Autonomous retrieval and positioning of surgical instruments in robotized laparoscopic surgery using visual servoing and laser pointers (2003)

This paper presents a robotic vision system that automatically retrieves and positions surgical instruments in robotized laparoscopic surgery. The surgical instrument is mounted on the end-effector of a surgical robot which can be controlled by automatic visual feedback. The goal of the automated task is to bring the instrument at a desired location from an unknown or hidden position. To achieve this task, a special instrument-holder is designed with optical fibers and collimators. This instrument-holder projects laser dot patterns onto the organ surface which are seen in the endoscopic images. Then, the instrument is retrieved and centered in the image plane using a visual servoing algorithm. With this system, the surgeon can also specify a desired position for the instrument in the image. Our approach is successfully validated in a real surgical environment by performing experiments on living animals in the surgical training room of IRCAD.
Negative Apparent Resistivity Effect by a Steel Casing Borehole Near Electrical Dipole-Dipole Survey Line (2009)

In DC resistivity field measurements negative readings can occur, but it has been explained until now that these are not caused by subsurface formations if standard electrode arrays are used, therefore these are due to measurement errors. But un-noisy negative data exist even in shallow cases of dipole-dipole spread n = 1 or 2. There was not any numerical study showing the possibility of actual negative apparent resistivity different from negative IP effect. In this study negative apparent resistivity effect due to a steel casing borehole is examined by verified 3-D numerical modeling program. The apparent resisitivity pseudosection shows pants-leg effect, and abnormal high apparent resistivity trends occur closely to negative data. From various numerical modeling results, -ρa by one steel casing borehole near resistivity survey line can be acquired with dipole-dipole array or pole-dipole array. Obviously, negative apparent resistivity anomalies even in the flat area are subsurface information. Because the misinterpretations lead to seriously wrong pitfall, inversion techniques for those effects need to be developed in the near future.
Signal Transduction by Human-Restricted FcγRIIa Involves Three Distinct Cytoplasmic Kinase Families Leading to Phagocytosis (2001)

Recent experiments indicate an important role for Src family and Syk protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the signal transduction process initiated by mouse receptors for IgG and leading to phagocytosis. Considerably less is known regarding signal transduction by the human-restricted IgG receptor, FcgammaRIIa. Furthermore, the relationship among the Src family, Syk, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in phagocytosis is not understood. Here, we show that FcgammaRIIa is phosphorylated by an Src family member, which results in recruitment and concomitant activation of the distal enzymes Syk and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Using a FcgammaRI-p85 receptor chimera cotransfected with kinase-inactive mutants of Syk or application of a pharmacological inhibitor of Syk, we show that Syk acts in parallel with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Our results indicate that FcgammaRIIa-initiated monocyte or neutrophil phagocytosis proceeds from the clustered IgG receptor to Src to phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and Syk.
Pediatric Stroke: Plasticity, Vulnerability, and Age of Lesion Onset (2010)

The authors aim to investigate brain plasticity and vulnerability through the study of the relationship of age at the time of brain injury and neurocognitive and psychiatric outcome. Children with early stroke performed more poorly compared with children with late stroke in a wide variety of domains including intellectual function, language, memory, visuospatial function, academic function, and psychiatric problems. The exception to this pattern was that children with late stroke performed more poorly in two of three executive function tests. These findings suggest that in children with focal brain injury, as in those with more diffuse brain insults, younger age at injury predicts worse neurocognitive outcomes, although this may not apply to selected executive function outcomes. Adverse psychiatric outcome after early stroke is less direct but is evident in terms of severity in affected cases.
Flow-induced spatial non-uniformity and anisotropy in electrically conductive adhesives (2009)

Electrically conductive adhesives (ECA) are popular solutions for joining relatively large (> 500 mum) electrical interfaces or when lower-temperature requirements preclude soldering or brazing. When assembled by squeezing between two flat, rectangular surfaces, the flow dynamics of the conductive filler and matrix can induce variations in local electrical conductance. This becomes significant as the area of the interface (bond pad) becomes comparable to the bondline thickness (BLT) of the adhesive. We observe order-of-magnitude local variations in electrical conductance and strong anisotropy in the direction of flow in ECAs with silver (Ag) flakes. We discuss the influence of these electrical results on heat diffusion across the interface and consider how fabricating microchannels in the interface could reduce the non-uniformities. Both electrical and thermal aspects are analyzed in light of ever-shrinking dimensions and 3-D stacking trends in thermally-critical electronics packages.
High Purity Preparations of Higher Plant Vacuolar H+-ATPase Reveal Additional Subunits (1989)

A fast protein liquid chromatography procedure for purification of the V-type H+-ATPase from higher plant vacuolar membrane to yield near-homogeneous enzyme with a specific activity of 20-25 mumol/mg.min is described. When precautions are taken to ensure the quantitative recovery of protein before sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the preparation is found to be constituted of seven major polypeptides of 100, 67, 55, 52, 44, 32, and 16 kDa, respectively, and two minor components of 42 and 29 kDa. The 52-, 44-, and 32-kDa polypeptides do not cross-react with antisera raised to the 67- and 55-kDa subunits of the enzyme, and two independent sample preparation procedures yield the same apparent subunit composition. The additional polypeptides are not breakdown products or aggregates of the previously identified subunits of the ATPase. The ATPase of tonoplast vesicles is subject to MgATP-dependent cold inactivation, and the conditions for inactivation are identical to those for the bovine chromaffin granule H+-ATPase (Moriyama, Y., and Nelson, N. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 3577-3582). Cold inactivation is accompanied by the detachment of five major polypeptides of 67, 55, 52, 44, and 32 kDa from the membrane, and all five components co-migrate with the corresponding polypeptides of the purified ATPase upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The 100- and 16-kDa polypeptides of the ATPase are not removed from the membrane during cold inactivation, but the latter can be purified to homogeneity by chloroform:methanol extraction of the fast protein liquid chromatography-purified enzyme. It is concluded that the tonoplast H+-ATPase is constituted of 6-7 major polypeptides organized into a peripheral sector comprising the 67-, 55-, 52-, 44-, and 32-kDa components and an integral sector consisting of the 100- and 16-kDa polypeptides. The V-type H+-ATPase from animal endomembranes and higher plant vacuolar membranes therefore have remarkably similar subunit compositions and gross topographies.
Ultrafine Spinel Powders by Flame Spray Pyrolysis of a Magnesium Aluminum Double Alkoxide (1996)

Ultrafine crystalline spinel powder has been prepared using flame spray pyrolysis of alcoholic solutions of a novel double alkoxide precursor. The particles produced are spherical, dense, single crystals with diameters of 10–100 nm and specific surface areas ranging from 40 to 60 m 2 /g. Powder production rates of 50–100 g/h are achieved using a bench‐top apparatus. Particle formation appears to occur by rapid oxidation of the organic ligands followed by nucleation and growth from oxide species.
Combating High Temperature Corrosion with Alloy 602CA (UNS N06025) in Various Environments and Industries (2002)

It is a well known fact that all high temperature materials and alloys have certain limitations and the optimum choice is often a compromise between various factors such as the mechanical constraints and compatibility at maximum temperature of operation, environmental constraints as imposed by the process conditions of high temperature, ease of fabricability and repair, cost-effectiveness and availability. Alloys designed to resist high temperature corrosion have existed since the beginning of the 20 th century. Carbon steel, a workhorse of many industries, loses its usefulness above 538°C (1000°F) both due to strength degradation and corrosion. Alloy steels with chromium and molybdenum additions have expanded the useful temperature range for high temperature applications. However, with the increasing severity of high temperature environments encountered in modern day industries, there has been a need for an alloy which can provide a combination of properties of both good mechanical strength as well as high temperature corrosion resistance to various modes of degradation (oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, etc.) up to 1200°C. This paper describes the development of one such nickel base alloy- alloy 602CA (UNS N06025) which has provided an unique combination of properties by optimization of various alloying elements. Since its introduction to the market in the early 1990's, this alloy has found numerous applications in the heat treat industry, annealing furnaces, furnace rolls, furnace belts, direct reduction of iron-ore technology to produce sponge-iron, calciners to produce very high purity alumina, calciners for chrome-iron ore for producing ferro-chrome, calciners to reclaim spent nickel catalysts, catalytic converters, exhaust flaps and glow plugs in the automotive industry, refineries, petrochemical industries, nuclear waste vitrification processes and many others.. A brief description of some of these applications is also presented in this paper.
Keratan sulfate proteoglycan in rabbit compact bone is bone sialoprotein II. (1987)

A keratan sulfate proteoglycan was isolated under denaturing conditions from the mineral compartment of rabbit cortical bone. This small proteoglycan (Kd = 0.39 on Superose 6, Mr approximately 20,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels) contained small keratan sulfate chains that were distinctly bimodal in size. The keratanase and endo-beta-galactosidase digestible glycosaminoglycan chains were O-linked to a core protein of Mr approximately 80,000. This core protein had several properties in common with the bone sialoprotein II molecule of bovine and human bone including: a closely spaced doublet band on sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis gels; a high staining intensity with Stains All that was greatly diminished by neuraminidase; a significant amount of small O-linked oligosaccharides; and an amino-terminal amino acid sequence that was nearly identical to human bone sialoprotein II. (In contrast, bone sialoprotein II in human, bovine, and rat bone does not appear to have any keratan sulfate chains.) Antiserum made against the keratan sulfate proteoglycan reacted with its core protein on electrotransfers from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels.
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy of crystalline and aqueous systems (2007)

We use ab-initio density-functional perturbation theory together with THz spectroscopy for precise prediction and assignment of vibrational modes in molecular crystals. We show that THz spectroscopy is useful for analysis of liquids and food products.
Stress-Strain Response of the Human Vocal Ligament (1995)

The longitudinal elastic properties of the human vocal ligament were quantified by stress-strain measurements and by modeling the response mathematically. Human ligaments were obtained from surgery and autopsy cases. They were dissected, mounted, and stretched with a dual-servo ergometer to measure force versus elongation and to convert the results into stress and strain. To calculate a longitudinal Young's modulus, the stress-strain curves were fitted with polynomial and exponential functions and differentiated. Young's modulus was separately defined in the low- and high-strain regions. The mean Young's modulus for the low-strain region was 33.1 +/- 10.4 kilopascals. In the high-strain region, A and B parameters for an exponential fit were 1.4 +/- 1.0 and 9.6 +/- 1.2 kilopascals, respectively. The stress-strain and Young's modulus curves showed the typical hysteresis and nonlinearity seen previously in other vocal fold tissues (muscle and mucosa), but the nonlinearity was most profound for the vocal ligament.
Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Chloramphenicol in Calf Tissues: Studies of Stability in Muscle, Kidney, and Liver (1991)

A liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the measurement of chloramphenicol (CAP) in muscle, liver, and kidney. The mean recovery levels were 82.6, 75.3, and 79.2% in muscle, liver, and kidney, respectively. The method was repeatable and reproducible for CAP measurement in muscle, with a detection limit of 1 microgram/kg. Investigation of CAP stability in muscle, liver, and kidney showed that CAP stability in muscle was good at -20 degrees C; for spiked liver and kidney, degradation of CAP was observed, and the use of piperonyl butoxide (PB) for metabolism inhibition was recommended for recovery and linearity studies. However, PB was unnecessary for preservation of treated animal tissues if samples were cut into cubes and cooled at -20 degrees C, just after slaughter, pending analysis. With these limitations, CAP can be measured in liver and kidney.
<i>Mass</i>ign: An Assignment Strategy for Maximizing Information from the Mass Spectra of Heterogeneous Protein Assemblies (2012)

Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) has evolved into a powerful adjunct for structural biology, helping to unravel the quaternary structure of protein complexes. Increasing interest has led to the study of ever larger multicomponent systems. Investigating these large complexes with ESI has meant that progressively more complicated mass spectra have been recorded. Correct assignment of these spectra is essential to maximize the information content available. Here we present a new assignment strategy and a supporting software package that allows the investigation of large heterogeneous systems, previously beyond the scope of full spectral assignment due to their complexity. The strategy involves two parts. The first includes a peak fitting routine to determine charge state distributions and consequently the masses of the various subcomplexes. The second module distinguishes between solution and gas phase products depending on their mass to charge ratio and assigns these charge states to different subunit combinations. These fitting and assignment routines contain many internal checks for consistency and reveal mass shifts, dependent upon desolvation conditions and small molecule binding. Using a rotary ATPase as a working example, we show how this assignment strategy is capable of determining the stoichiometry and interactions of the 8 different subunits within this 29-subunit assembly.