gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure and properties of titanium nitride thin films deposited at low temperatures using direct current magnetron sputtering (1994)

Titanium nitride layers on silicon substrates have been deposited by magnetron sputtering at a constant temperature of 200 °C using nitrogen partial pressures (pN2) from 0.001 to 0.36 Pa. Distinct dependences between pN2 in the reactive gas and the mechanical and structural properties of the layers could be found by x-ray diffraction and other methods. The general absence of the Ti2N phase in layers deposited at low temperatures can be explained by the high energy impact of energetic particles during the deposition process as well as by the limited mobility of adatoms due to the low substrate temperature. Two different cases of lattice distortions were detected for low and high pN2, respectively. In the higher pressure range the lattice parameters a1110 are greater than the a2000. For this the variable density of interstitial sites in different planes together with the macroscopic film stress was found to be responsible. At lower pN2 the a1110 was smaller than the a2000. This effect could be explained by the presence of a high number of vacancies in the lattice influencing the chemical bonding and thus leading to an anisotropy of the stability of the interplanar spacings. From that macroscopic stresses results in an anisotropic deformation of the film crystallites. Both explanations could be supported by annealing experiments.
Energy-Efficient Adaptive Video Transmission: Exploiting Rate Predictions in Wireless Networks (2014)

The unprecedented growth of mobile video traffic is adding significant pressure to the energy drain at both the network and the end user. Energy-efficient video transmission techniques are thus imperative to cope with the challenge of satisfying user demand at sustainable costs. In this paper, we investigate how predicted user rates can be exploited for energy-efficient video streaming with the popular Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)-based adaptive streaming (AS) protocols [e.g., dynamic adaptive streaming over HTTP (DASH)]. To this end, we develop an energy-efficient predictive green streaming (PGS) optimization framework that leverages predictions of wireless data rates to achieve the following objectives: 1) Minimize the required transmission airtime without causing streaming interruptions; 2) minimize total downlink base station (BS) power consumption for cases where BSs can be switched off in deep sleep; and 3) enable a tradeoff between AS quality and energy consumption. Our framework is first formulated as mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) where decisions on multiuser rate allocation, video segment quality, and BS transmit power are jointly optimized. Then, to provide an online solution, we present a polynomial-time heuristic algorithm that decouples the PGS problem into multiple stages. We provide a performance analysis of the proposed methods by simulations, and numerical results demonstrate that the PGS framework yields significant energy savings.
COS1: An Arabidopsis <i>coronatine insensitive1</i> Suppressor Essential for Regulation of Jasmonate-Mediated Plant Defense and Senescence (2004)

The Arabidopsis thaliana CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1) gene encodes an F-box protein to assemble SCF(COI1) complexes essential for response to jasmonates (JAs), which are a family of plant signaling molecules required for many essential functions, including plant defense and reproduction. To better understand the molecular basis of JA action, we screened for suppressors of coi1 and isolated a coi1 suppressor1 (cos1) mutant. The cos1 mutation restores the coi1-related phenotypes, including defects in JA sensitivity, senescence, and plant defense responses. The COS1 gene was cloned through a map-based approach and found to encode lumazine synthase, a key component in the riboflavin pathway that is essential for diverse yet critical cellular processes. We demonstrated a novel function for the riboflavin pathway that acts downstream of COI1 in the JA signaling pathway and is required for suppression of the COI1-mediated root growth, senescence, and plant defense.
Modeling and closed-loop control of hypnosis by means of bispectral index (BIS) with isoflurane (2001)

A model-based closed-loop control system is presented to regulate hypnosis with the volatile anesthetic isoflurane. Hypnosis is assessed by means of the bispectral index (BIS), a processed parameter derived from the electroencephalogram. Isoflurane is administered through a closed-circuit respiratory system. The model for control was identified on a population of 20 healthy volunteers. It consists of three parts: a model for the respiratory system, a pharmacokinetic model and a pharmacodynamic model to predict BIS at the effect compartment. A cascaded internal model controller is employed. The master controller compares the actual BIS and the reference value set by the anesthesiologist and provides expired isoflurane concentration references to the slave controller. The slave controller maneuvers the fresh gas anesthetic concentration entering the respiratory system. The controller is designed to adapt to different respiratory conditions. Anti-windup measures protect against performance degradation in the event of saturation of the input signal. Fault detection schemes in the controller cope with BIS and expired concentration measurement artifacts. The results of clinical studies on humans are presented.
Mass Spectral Profile for Rapid Differentiating Beta-Lactams from Their Ring-Opened Impurities (2015)

High performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC MS) has been widely used for β-lactam antibiotics determination. However, its application to identify impurities of these frequently used drugs is not sufficient at present. In this job, characteristic profiles of the collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra of both β-lactams and ring-opened β-lactams were extracted from the MS data of six β-lactam antibiotics and their forty-five impurities, and were confirmed by the MS data reported in the literature. These characteristics have been successfully applied to rapid differentiation of β-lactam and ring-opened β-lactam impurities in cefixime, cefdinir, and cefaclor. However, these characteristic profiles can only be obtained under low activating voltage. They did not display in the high energy activated CID spectra. Diagnostic fragmentations for determining the localization of double bond and substituents on the thiazine ring and the side chain were also observed. In addition, several characteristic fragmentations are hopeful to be used to differentiate the configurations of C-2 on the thiazine ring of ring-opened impurities, which is generally disadvantageous of mass spectrometry. Taken together, forty-five impurities were identified from the capsules of cefixime, cefdinir, and cefaclor.
Depth-enhanced integral imaging using two parallel display devices (2006)

In this paper an improved integral imaging is proposed that can display depth-enhanced three-dimensional image by using two parallel display devices. By experiments, the proposed method was proven and compared with the conventional one.
Melting of H <sub>2</sub> SO <sub>4</sub> ⋅4H <sub>2</sub> O Particles upon Cooling: Implications for Polar Stratospheric Clouds (1996)

Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are important for the chemical activation of chlorine compounds and subsequent ozone depletion. Solid PSCs can form on sulfuric acid tetrahydrate (SAT) (H2SO4·4H2O) nuclei, but recent laboratory experiments have shown that PSC nucleation on SAT is strongly hindered. A PSC formation mechanism is proposed in which SAT particles melt upon cooling in the presence of HNO3 to form liquid HNO3-H2SO4-H2O droplets 2 to 3 kelvin above the ice frost point. This mechanism offers a PSC formation temperature that is defined by the ambient conditions and sets a temperature limit below which PSCs should form.
Immune response against lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens of shigellae in Vietnamese and Swedish dysenteric patients (1993)

The peripheral immune responses of adult Vietnamese patients infected with Shigella dysenteriae 1 and Shigella flexneri 1b and 2a and those of S. flexneri-infected Swedish patients were studied against various lipopolysaccharide and invasion plasmid-coded antigens (Ipa-s) and compared with the titers for the corresponding local healthy populations. Both Vietnamese and Swedish patients reacted with significant (P, < 0.05) titer increases in the immunoglobulin A and G classes against the homologous lipopolysaccharide antigen. However, significant titer responses against the Ipa-s were seen among only the Swedish patients. We surmise that the weak-to-moderate responses against the Ipa-s in Vietnamese patients are due to the fact that the high level of titers induced by previous infections in the local population could not be considerably increased further by a recent infection.
Object transparent vision combining multiple images from different views (2015)

Augmented reality (AR) has been studied extensively and used widely in various fields. In AR a view of reality is modified or supplemented by computer-gene-rated sensory input such as sound, video, etc. As a result, it can enhance one’s current perception of reality. In this paper we analyzed methods to make objects transparent by fusing images taken from two different cameras. Induced transparency could be particularly interesting for traffic applications. When two cars are driving one after another and the car in front can block the view for the second car, however, if both cars are equipped with cameras capturing the front view, their images can be merged and the front car can be made transparent allowing driver to have clear picture about obstacles and other dangers on the road. The goal of this paper is to analyze various solutions that can provide such transparency effect and also to create a solution that can work in real-time.
The anatomy of aphasia revisited (2000)

Lesion location is the main determinant of aphasic disorders at the acute stage. Most clinical-radiologic correlations supported the classic anatomy of aphasia.
Move3D: A generic platform for path planning (2002)

Reports on Move3D, a software platform dedicated to collision-free path planning. The algorithms are based on probabilistic approaches and take advantage of the progress of computer performance. The generality comes from a dedicated software architecture allowing a rapid design of path planners. The paper focuses on results obtained in logistics for industrial installations, in graphics animation and in mobile robotics as well.
Second-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion plant conceptual design and optimization of a second-generation PFB combustion plant, Phase 1, Task 1 (1989)

This report is the third volume of a conceptual design for a second-generation pressurized fluidized bed combustion plant. Volume 3 consists of appendices (B thru G) containing information on cycle optimization, integrated carbonizer/CPFBC performance predictions and methodologies, gas turbine evaluations, plant equipment lists, supporting cost detail, and a reference pulverized-coal-fired plant. (JDL)
The dynamic stability of a 10T SRAM compared to 6T SRAMs at the 32nm node using an accelerated Monte Carlo technique (2008)

An accelerated Monte Carlo technique is proposed to analyze the dynamic stability margin of SRAM cells. This technique greatly improves accuracy of the desired failure probabilities by, not approximating or making assumptions of fail tail distributions, enhancing fail rate with acceleration, while reducing computations by several orders of magnitude. An application comparing three 6 T SRAM cells and a novel 10 T SRAM cell at the 32 nm node is discussed.
Estimation of contact forces using a virtual force sensor (2014)

Physical human-robot collaboration is characterized by a suitable exchange of contact forces between human and robot, which can occur in general at any point along the robot structure. If the contact location and the exchanged forces were known in real time, a safe and controlled collaboration could be established. We present a novel approach that allows localizing the contact between a robot and human parts with a depth camera, while determining in parallel the joint torques generated by the physical interaction using the so-called residual method. The combination of such exteroceptive sensing and model-based techniques is sufficient, under suitable conditions, for a reliable estimation of the actual exchanged force at the contact, realizing thus a virtual force sensor. Multiple contacts can be handled as well. We validate quantitatively the proposed estimation method with a number of static experiments on a KUKA LWR. An illustration of the use of estimated contact forces in the realization of collaborative behaviors is given, reporting preliminary experiments on a generalized admittance control scheme at the contact point.
The Generation of Scenes in Mixed Reality Environments using the Chromakey Technique (2007)

A classic problem in the development of Mixed Reality systems is the registration. The correct alignment between virtual objects and the real elements is extremely important for the coherent composition of the resultant scene. Considering this context, this paper describes an approach for the composition of scenes in Mixed Reality environments using the chromakey technique for the extraction of real objects. After that, the scene is mounted in a coherent way related to the depth in OpenGL framebuffer for posterior rendering.
The stimulation of hair growth in the flank organs of female hamsters by subcutaneous testosterone propionate and its inhibition by topical cyproterone acetate: dose-response studies (1983)

A dose-dependent increase in the mass of flank organ hair was produced in 11-week-old female hamsters by subcutaneously injected testosterone propionate. The mass of androgen-stimulated flank organ hair was decreased bilaterally in a dose-dependent manner by cyproterone acetate applied topically to one flank organ of each hamster.
Improving QoS of Multi-layer Networks-on-Chip with Partial and Dynamic Reconfiguration of Routers (2010)

Networks-on-Chip (NoC) allow several data transfers to occur in parallel and are indeed the communication infra-structure of future hundred-cores Systems-on-Chip (SoCs). However, if specialized modules are sending data at full speed to the NoC, Quality of Service (QoS) can be no longer guaranteed. This work presents a multi-layer mesh NoC approach to improve the QoS of such communication hungry SoCs. While one mesh layer is fixed in the system for control purposes, other data layers can be configured at runtime to provide the desired data throughput required by the application. This is accomplished by partially and dynamically reconfiguring the data layer routers. Arbitration algorithms, routing algorithms and huge crossbars are removed from the data layer routers, because all data routers in the path a configured accordingly before its utilization. A SoC following this idea was prototyped in a Virtex-4 FPGA and the Early Access Partial Flow was used to partially and dynamically reconfigure the NoC. We show that 120 (5!) different configurations are needed for each reconfigurable router with 5 bidirectional ports. Each configuration requires 33KB of memory and occupies 32 CLBs of area.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Atopic Dermatitis: A Review (2020)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are stromal-derived non-hematopoietic progenitor cells that reside in and can be expanded from various tissues sources of adult and neonatal origin, such as the bone marrow, umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, amniotic fluid, placenta, dental pulp and skin. The discovery of the immunosuppressing action of MSCs on T cells has opened new perspectives for their use as a therapeutic agent for immune-mediated disorders, including allergies. Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic and relapsing skin disorder that affects up to 20% of children and up to 3% of adults worldwide, is characterized by pruritic eczematous lesions, impaired cutaneous barrier function, Th2 type immune hyperactivation and, frequently, elevation of serum immunoglobulin E levels. Although, in the dermatology field, the application of MSCs as a therapeutic agent was initiated using the concept of cell replacement for skin defects and wound healing, accumulating evidence have shown that MSC-mediated immunomodulation can be applicable to the treatment of inflammatory/allergic skin disorders. Here we reviewed the pre-clinical and clinical studies and possible biological mechanisms of MSCs as a therapeutic tool for the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
EXTRAHEPATIC FIRST-PASS METABOLISM OF NIFEDIPINE IN THE RAT (1997)

The peroral (p.o.) bioavailability of nifedipine is reported to range from about 45 to 58% in the rat; this compares favourably to human beings. The metabolism of nifedipine is similar in rats and humans (oxidation of the dihydropyridine ring), with the liver believed to be solely responsible for the systemic clearance of the drug and the observed first-pass effect after p.o. dosing. The purpose of this study was to determine whether intestinal metabolism also contributes to the first-pass elimination of nifedipine in the rat. The systemic availabilities of nifedipine doses given by po, intracolonic (i.c.), and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes of administration were compared to that for an intravenous (i.v.) dose (in each case a dose of 6 mg kg-1 was given) using adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (249-311 g, n = 6 or 7/group). The geometric mean of systemic nifedipine plasma clearance after i.v. dosing was 10.3 mL min-1 kg-1. The nifedipine blood-to-plasma ratio was found to be about 0.59. Therefore, the systemic blood clearance of nifedipine was about 17.5 mL min-1 kg-1; which, compared to the hepatic blood flow of rats (55 to 80 mL min-1 kg-1) showed that nifedipine is poorly extracted by the liver (0.22 < or = EH < = 0.32). The mean absolute bioavailabilities of the p.o., i.p., and i.c. doses were 61, 90, and 100%, respectively. Assuming complete absorption of the extravascular nifedipine doses these results indicate that, in addition to hepatic extraction, substantial first-pass elimination of nifedipine occurs within the wall of the small intestine but not the colon of the rat.
Comparison of Channel Estimation Protocols for Coherent AF Relaying Networks in the Presence of Additive Noise and LO Phase Noise (2010)

Channel estimation protocols for wireless two-hop networks with amplify-and-forward (AF) relays are compared. We consider multiuser relaying networks, where the gain factors are chosen such that the signals from all relays add up coherently at the destinations. While the destinations require channel knowledge in order to decode, our focus lies on the channel estimates that are used to calculate the relay gains. Since knowledge of the compound two-hop channels is generally not sufficient to do this, the protocols considered here measure all single-hop coefficients in the network. We start from the observation that the direction in which the channels are measured determines (1) the number of channel uses required to estimate all coefficient and (2) the need for global carrier phase reference. Four protocols are identified that differ in the direction in which the first-hop and the second-hop channels are measured. We derive a sensible measure for the accuracy of the channel estimates in the presence of additive noise and phase noise and compare the protocols based on this measure. Finally, we provide a quantitative performance comparison for a simple single-user application example. It is important to note that the results can be used to compare the channel estimation protocols for any two-hop network configuration and gain allocation scheme.
Critical micelle concentration, hydrophile-lypophile balance, effective chain length and hydrophobicity index of ionic surfactants containing two long-chain alkyl groups (1980)

Article Critical micelle concentration, hydrophile-lypophile balance, effective chain length and hydrophobicity index of ionic surfactants containing two long-chain alkyl groups was published on May 1, 1980 in the journal Tenside Surfactants Detergents (volume 17, issue 3).
Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Using Q Exactive, a High-performance Benchtop Quadrupole Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer (2011)

Mass spectrometry-based proteomics has greatly benefitted from enormous advances in high resolution instrumentation in recent years. In particular, the combination of a linear ion trap with the Orbitrap analyzer has proven to be a popular instrument configuration. Complementing this hybrid trap-trap instrument, as well as the standalone Orbitrap analyzer termed Exactive, we here present coupling of a quadrupole mass filter to an Orbitrap analyzer. This "Q Exactive" instrument features high ion currents because of an S-lens, and fast high-energy collision-induced dissociation peptide fragmentation because of parallel filling and detection modes. The image current from the detector is processed by an "enhanced Fourier Transformation" algorithm, doubling mass spectrometric resolution. Together with almost instantaneous isolation and fragmentation, the instrument achieves overall cycle times of 1 s for a top 10 higher energy collisional dissociation method. More than 2500 proteins can be identified in standard 90-min gradients of tryptic digests of mammalian cell lysate- a significant improvement over previous Orbitrap mass spectrometers. Furthermore, the quadrupole Orbitrap analyzer combination enables multiplexed operation at the MS and tandem MS levels. This is demonstrated in a multiplexed single ion monitoring mode, in which the quadrupole rapidly switches among different narrow mass ranges that are analyzed in a single composite MS spectrum. Similarly, the quadrupole allows fragmentation of different precursor masses in rapid succession, followed by joint analysis of the higher energy collisional dissociation fragment ions in the Orbitrap analyzer. High performance in a robust benchtop format together with the ability to perform complex multiplexed scan modes make the Q Exactive an exciting new instrument for the proteomics and general analytical communities.
Investigation of a Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane as a Phenyl Replacement within an LpPLA <sub>2</sub> Inhibitor (2016)

We describe the incorporation of a bicyclo[1.1.1]pentane moiety within two known LpPLA<sub>2</sub> inhibitors to act as bioisosteric phenyl replacements. An efficient synthesis to the target compounds was enabled with a dichlorocarbene insertion into a bicyclo[1.1.0]butane system being the key transformation. Potency, physicochemical, and X-ray crystallographic data were obtained to compare the known inhibitors to their bioisosteric counterparts, which showed the isostere was well tolerated and positively impacted on the physicochemical profile.
Recent Advances in Allogeneic CAR-T Cells (2020)

In recent decades, great advances have been made in the field of tumor treatment. Especially, cell-based therapy targeting tumor associated antigen (TAA) has developed tremendously. T cells were engineered to have the ability to attack tumor cells by generating CAR constructs consisting of genes encoding scFv, a co-stimulatory domain (CD28 or TNFRSF9), and CD247 signaling domains for T cell proliferation and activation. Principally, CAR-T cells are activated by recognizing TAA by scFv on the T cell surface, and then signaling domains inside cells connected by scFv are subsequently activated to induce downstream signaling pathways involving T cell proliferation, activation, and production of cytokines. Many efforts have been made to increase the efficacy and persistence and also to decrease T cell exhaustion. Overall, allogeneic and universal CAR-T generation has attracted much attention because of their wide and prompt usage for patients. In this review, we summarized the current techniques for generation of allogeneic and universal CAR-T cells along with their disadvantages and limitations that still need to be overcome.