gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CrossFire (2018)

Friend and item recommendation on a social media site is an important task, which not only brings conveniences to users but also benefits platform providers. However, recommendation for newly launched social media sites is challenging because they often lack user historical data and encounter data sparsity and cold-start problem. Thus, it is important to exploit auxiliary information to help improve recommendation performances on these sites. Existing approaches try to utilize the knowledge transferred from other mature sites, which often require overlapped users or similar items to ensure an effective knowledge transfer. However, these assumptions may not hold in practice because 1) Overlapped user set is often unavailable and costly to identify due to the heterogeneous user profile, content and network data, and 2) Different schemes to show item attributes across sites cause the attribute values inconsistent, incomplete, and noisy. Thus, how to transfer knowledge when no direct bridge is given between two social media sites remains a challenge. In addition, another auxiliary information we can exploit is the mutual benefit between social relationships and rating preferences within the platform. User-user relationships are widely used as side information to improve item recommendation, whereas how to exploit user-item interactions for friend recommendation is rather limited. To tackle these challenges, we propose aCross media jointF riend andI temRe commendation framework (CrossFire ), which can capture both 1) cross-platform knowledge transfer, and 2) within-platform correlations among user-user relations and user-item interactions. Empirical results on real-world datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with γ‐irradiated cotton cellulose I and II (1972)

Abstract The graft copolymerization of ethyl acrylate from methanol‐water solutions with γ‐irradiated cotton cellulose I and II was investigated by electron spin resonsance spectroscopy and by the formation of cellulose‐poly(ethyl acrylate) copolymer. The rate and extent of graft copolymerization reactions in these heterogeneous systems were dependent on conditions of storage of the irradiated celluloses prior to reaction, the composition of the methanol‐water solutions, reaction time, agitation during the reaction, and cellulose crystal lattice type. Agitation of the heterogeneous system during reaction decreased both the rate and extent of copolymerization. From water the extent of copolymerization of ethyl acrylate with irradiated collulose I was greater than with cellulose II; from methanol the extent of copolymerization with irradiated cellulose II was greater than with cellulose I. From methanol(40 vol‐%)‐water(60 vol‐%) maximum extent of copolymerization occurred with both irradiated celluloses; however, the extent of copolymerization was less with irradiated cellulose II than with cellulose I. The extent of copolymerization was directly related to the initial concentration of free radicals in the irradiated cellulose. However, a fraction of the radicals, about 10% of the maximum concentration in cellulose obtained at a dosage of 5.2 × 10 19 eV/g, was apparently in the highly ordered regions of the cellulosic structure. These radicals were not scavenged and did not initiate copolymerization reactions.
Long-Term Multiepitopic Cytotoxic-T-Lymphocyte Responses Induced in Chimpanzees by Combinations of<i>Plasmodium falciparum</i>Liver-Stage Peptides and Lipopeptides (2004)

Preclinical immunogenicity studies of 12 malaria peptides, selected from four Plasmodium falciparum antigens (Ags), namely, LSA1, LSA3, SALSA, and STARP, that are expressed at the pre-erythrocytic (sporozoite and liver) stages of the human parasite were carried out in chimpanzees. To strengthen their immunogenicity, six of these synthetic peptides were modified by the C-terminal addition of a single palmitoyl chain (lipopeptides) and delivered without adjuvant, whereas the remaining six unmodified peptides were emulsified and delivered by using Montanide ISA51 adjuvant. We have previously reported that these peptides and lipopeptides induce high B-cell and CD4(+)-T-helper responses in chimpanzees. In this report, we show their ability to induce multiepitopic and long-lasting antigen-specific CD8(+) cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses. The magnitude, consistency, and memory of CTL responses generated by LSA3 peptides point to the strong immunogenicity of this liver-stage Ag. These findings support the screening strategy used to select the four P. falciparum pre-erythrocytic Ags and emphasize their valuable immunogenic properties. The successful immunization of nonhuman primates with combinations of corresponding peptides in a mineral oil emulsion (ISA51) and lipopeptides in saline provide a vaccine formulation that can be tested in humans.
Weak Epitaxy Growth Affording High‐Mobility Thin Films of Disk‐Like Organic Semiconductors (2007)

Thin films of phthalocyanine compounds show weak epitaxial growth on a monodomain film of a rod-like molecule (see figure). The resulting organic electronic devices exhibit high charge carrier mobilities close to those of the single-crystal devices.
Near optimum decoding of product codes (2002)

A new iterative decoding algorithm for product codes (block) based on soft decoding and soft decision output of the component codes is described in the paper. Monte Carlo simulations of the bit error rate (BER) after decoding using this new algorithm for different product codes indicate coding gains of up to 8 dB. This new coding scheme is attractive for digital transmission systems requiring powerful coding schemes with a high code rate (R>0.8). In the paper the authors compare their coding scheme with one of the best coding schemes, the "turbo-codes", in terms of BER performance.
Integrative Transformation of <i>Candida albicans</i> , Using a Cloned <i>Candida ADE2</i> Gene (1986)

Candida albicans is a diploid dimorphic yeast with no known sexual cycle. The development of a DNA transformation system would greatly improve the prospects for genetic analyses of this yeast. Plasmids were isolated from a Candida Sau3A partial library which complements the ade2-1 and ade2-5 mutations in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These plasmids contain a common region, part of which, when subcloned, produces ade2 complementation. Among the small number of auxotrophs previously isolated in C. albicans, red adenine-requiring mutants had been identified by several groups. In two of these strains, the cloned Candida DNA transformed the mutants to ADE+ at frequencies of 0.5 to 5 transformants per micrograms of DNA. In about 50% of the transformants, plasmid DNA sequences became stably integrated into the host genome and, in the several cases analyzed by Southern hybridization, the DNA was integrated at the site of the ADE2 gene in one of the chromosomal homologs.
Predicting unseen triphones with senones (1993)

In large-vocabulary speech recognition, there are always new triphones that are not covered in the training data. These unseen triphones are usually represented by corresponding diphones or context-independent monophones. It is proposed that decision-tree-based senones be used to generate needed senonic baseforms for unseen triphones. A decision tree is built for each individual Markov state of each phone, and the leaves of the trees constitute the senone codebook. A Markov state of any triphone traverses the corresponding tree until it reaches a leaf to find the senone it is to be associated with. The DARPA 5000-word peaker-independent Wall Street Journal dictation task is used to evaluate the proposed method. The word error rate is reduced by more than 10% when unseen triphones are modeled by the decision-tree-based senones.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving color rendition in solid state white lighting through the use of quantum dots (2013)

Quantum dots have the potential to be used in solid state white lighting applications as an additional down-converting component to better represent wavelengths in the red spectral region, leading to higher quality white light with improved color rendering. In this contribution, we report on color characteristics of phosphor-converted white light-emitting diodes that utilize inorganic garnet-based phosphors, with quantum dots incorporated appropriately. Devices were fabricated using red-emitting CdSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (λem = 560 nm or λem = 590 nm) in conjunction with yellow-emitting Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ or green-emitting Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ and a blue-emitting InGaN LED (λem = 450 nm). Several phosphor/quantum dot geometries were examined, including encapsulating the phosphor powder and quantum dots together in silicone resin, or in two separate layers of silicone resin, with either the quantum dots closest to the LED or the phosphor particles closest to the LED. The quantum dots were most efficient when encapsulated with the phosphor particles in the resin. Devices with Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ and quantum dots (λem = 590 nm) achieved a correlated color temperature of 4000 K, color rendering index of 81, and luminous efficacy of 57 lm W−1, while devices with Lu3Al5O12:Ce3+ and quantum dots (λem = 590 nm) achieved a correlated color temperature of 5700 K, a color rendering index of 90, and luminous efficacy of 22 lm W−1. The results obtained suggest that the use of quantum dots may allow for solid state white lighting devices with high color rendition.
Material dispersion in fluoride glasses (1982)

Material-dispersion measurements are reported on fluoride glass for infra-red optical fibres. Bulk glasses prepared by the conventional casting method were measured in the 0.4–4.3 μm wavelength range. Observed zero-material-dispersion wavelengths were 1.62 μm for BaF2-GdF3-ZrF4 glass and 1.48 μm for BaF2-CaF2-YF3-AlF3 glass.
Learning With Average Precision: Training Image Retrieval With a Listwise Loss (2019)

Image retrieval can be formulated as a ranking problem where the goal is to order database images by decreasing similarity to the query. Recent deep models for image retrieval have outperformed traditional methods by leveraging ranking-tailored loss functions, but important theoretical and practical problems remain. First, rather than directly optimizing the global ranking, they minimize an upper-bound on the essential loss, which does not necessarily result in an optimal mean average precision (mAP). Second, these methods require significant engineering efforts to work well, e.g., special pre-training and hard-negative mining. In this paper we propose instead to directly optimize the global mAP by leveraging recent advances in listwise loss formulations. Using a histogram binning approximation, the AP can be differentiated and thus employed to end-to-end learning. Compared to existing losses, the proposed method considers thousands of images simultaneously at each iteration and eliminates the need for ad hoc tricks. It also establishes a new state of the art on many standard retrieval benchmarks. Models and evaluation scripts have been made available at: https://europe.naverlabs.com/Deep-Image-Retrieval/.
A neuraminidase potency assay for quantitative assessment of neuraminidase in influenza vaccines (2019)

Neuraminidase (NA) immunity leads to decreased viral shedding and reduced severity of influenza disease; however, NA content in influenza vaccines is currently not regulated, resulting in inconsistent quality and quantity of NA that can vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, from year to year, and from lot to lot. To address this problem, we have developed an assay for NA quantification that could be used by the industry to move toward developing influenza vaccines that induce a predictable immune response to NA. The VaxArray Influenza Seasonal NA Potency Assay (VXI-sNA) is a multiplexed sandwich immunoassay that relies on six subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies printed in microarray format and a suite of fluor-conjugated "label" antibodies. The performance of the assay as applied to a wide range of influenza vaccines is described herein. The assay demonstrated high NA subtype specificity and high sensitivity, with quantification limits ranging from 1 to 60 ng/mL and linear dynamic ranges of 24-500-fold. When compared to an enzymatic activity assay for samples exposed to thermal degradation conditions, the assay was able to track changes in protein stability over time and exhibited good correlation with enzyme activity. The assay also demonstrated excellent analytical precision with relative error ranging from 6 to 12% over day-to-day, user-to-user, and lot-to-lot variation. The high sensitivity and reproducibility of the assay enabled robust detection and quantification of NA in crude in-process samples and low-dose, adjuvanted vaccines with an accuracy of 100 ± 10%.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkoxyamines: A New Family of Pro‐Drugs Against Cancer. Concept for Theranostics (2014)

Abstract Review: 31 refs.
Hyperarticulation detection in repetitive voice queries using pairwise comparison for improved speech recognition (2017)

Automatic speech recognition systems can benefit from cues in user voice such as hyperarticulation. Traditional approaches typically attempt to define and detect an absolute state of hyperarticulation, which is very difficult, especially on short voice queries. We present a novel approach for hyperarticulation detection using pairwise comparisons and demonstrate its application in a real-world speech recognition system. Our approach uses delta features extracted from a pair of repetitive user utterances. Results show significant improvements in WER (word error rate) by using hyperarticulation information as a feature in a second pass N-best hypotheses rescoring setup.
A hybrid digital holographic microscope (2015)

Phase imaging and fluorescence imaging are two essential methods in biological application. A hybrid digital holographic microscopic system that enables simultaneous detection of 3D phase and 3D fluorescence images is presented. A simulation on the simultaneous imaging shows promising results compared with that of the individual detections. In the experimental results, the acquisition of 3D phase and 2D fluorescence images is also presented.
Automatic Identification and Contextual Reformulation of Implicit System-Related Queries (2016)

Web search functionality is increasingly integrated into operating systems, software applications, and other interactive environments that extend beyond the traditional web browser. In particular, intelligent virtual assistants (e.g., Microsoft Cortana or Apple Siri) often "fall-back" to generic web search in cases where utterances fall outside the set of scenarios known to the agent. In this paper we analyze a 3 month log of web search queries posed via the Cortana virtual assistant. We report that, in this environment, users frequently ask questions that implicitly pertain to the systems or devices from which they are searching (e.g., asking: [how do I take a screenshot]). Unfortunately, accurately answering these implicit system queries poses significant challenges to general web search engines, due in part to the lack of available context. We show that such queries: (1) can be detected with high precision, (2) are common, and (3) can be automatically reformulated to substantially improve retrieval performance in these fall-through scenarios.
HEAT STABILITY OF CAMEL MILK PROTEINS AFTER STERILISATION PROCESS (2011)

In this study, the problem associated with stability of camel milk proteins after sterilisation process were studied and discussed. Camel milk has poor heat stability at high temperature and could not be sterilised at natural pH. Various attempts were adopted to overcome this problem including the addition of ĸ-casein and different additives including, EDTA, phosphate and sodium hydroxide. Findings in this study showed that camel milk is likely belong to type A milk and could be converted to type B milk by adding ĸ-casein or EDTA at a concentration of 2 mg mL-1 and 6.0 mmol L -1 , respectively. Two contents; ĸ-casein and calcium were found to play major role in camel milk heat stability. The maximum and minimum heat stability of pre-adjusted pH camel milk after sterilisation process was in pH range between 7.0 - 7.2 and 6.5-6.8, respectively. Small change in pH results in great effect on heat stability.
Methods for chemical exchange saturation transfermagnetic resonance imaging; Methods for CEST MRI (2013)

Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) is a
relatively new magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) acquisition
technique that generates contrast dependent on tissue
microenvironment, such as protein concentration and intracellular
pH. CEST imaging has the potential to become an important biomarker
in a wide range of disorders. As an indicator of tissue pH, CEST
imaging may allow the identification of the ischemic penumbra in
stroke, and predict chemo- and radiation therapy outcomes in
cancer. As a marker of protein concentration, CEST may be able to
delineate tumor margins without contrast enhancement, identify
disease onset in Alzheimer's disease, and monitor cartilage repair
therapies. Despite several promising pilot studies, CEST imaging
has had limited clinical application due to two main technical
challenges. First, CEST imaging is extremely sensitive to magnetic
field inhomogeneity. Images suffer from large susceptibility
artifacts unless specialized BO inhomogeneity correction methods
are employed that tremendously increase scan time. Second, the CEST
contrast cannot be separated from the intrinsic macromolecular
magnetization transfer (MT) asymmetry and brain images reflect the
MT properties of white and gray matter rather than the desired
protein and pH contrast. We have developed a novel CEST imaging
acquisition scheme, dubbed saturation with frequency alternating RF
irradiation (SAFARI), designed to be insensitive to Bo
inhomogeneity and MT asymmetry. Studies in healthy volunteers
demonstrate that SAFARI is robust in the presence of BO
inhomogeneity and eliminates the need for specialized BO
correction, thereby reducing scan time. In addition, results show
that SAFARI removes the confounding MT asymmetry. We applied SAFARI
imaging towards the study of the saturation transfer contrast in
patients with high grade glioma. Results show that the contrast in
brain tumors, which was previously attributed to an increase in the
CEST signal from amide protons due to an elevated protein
concentration, is instead the result of the loss of MT asymmetry
found in the normal brain. Therefore, our work has lead to a new
understanding of the different sources of signal in saturation
transfer images of the brain with important implications for the
design and analysis of future CEST studies of brain
tumors.
Protoplast Isolation and Culture, In Plant Biotechnology: Methods in Tissue Culture and Gene Transfer (Eds.R Keshavachanadran and Peter KV), Universities Press (India)Pvt.Ltd., India, (2008)

Protoplast technology, which includes the
isolation, culture and fusion of plant protoplast
leading to the production of whole plant, not only
establishes the totipotency of plant protoplasts
but also opens up new vistas with far reaching
implications.
The term ‘protoplast’ was first used by Hanstein
in 1880. It refers to all the components of a plant
cell except the cell wall. As the cell wall interferes
with the most cellular genetic modifications,
there is a need to remove the cell wall and isolate
plant protoplasts. Klercker 1 first isolated plant
protoplasts of Stratiotes aloides by microsurgery
on plasmolyzed cells. Protoplasts obtained by this
procedure were mainly used for physiological
studies. However, limited yield, excessive damage,
and restricted suitability of the technique to
specific tissues, were the major drawbacks. With
refinements in the technique, protoplasts were
isolated in large numbers by enzymatic removal of
cell wall as pioneered by Cocking. 2
For enzymatic isolation of plant protoplasts,
the basic structure of plant cell wall was taken
into consideration. The primary components of
a plant cell wall have been identified as cellulose,
hemicellulose and pectic substances (see Fig. 11.1).
Cellulose is a simple, linear polymer of D-glucose
with β-1,4 linkage. The molecular weight varies
between 50,000 and 2,500,000 Da in different
species. Hemicelluloses are less well defined and
appear to be mixed polymers of glucose, galactose,
mannose, arabinose and xylose. 3 Most of these
carbohydrates are linked with both β-1,4 and
β-1,3 linkages. The middle lamella, which holds
the cells together, is rich in pectin. Pectin is a
polymer of methyl-D-galacturonate connected
with α-1,4 linkages with molecular weights of
25,000 to 360,000 Da. 4 Hence, in enzymatic
method, source tissues were treated with cell
wall degrading enzymes such as cellulases,
hemicellulases and pectinases. Initially, a two-step
procedure was adopted, first producing single
cells and then releasing protoplasts. 5 However,
with further refinement, a single-step procedure 6
was developed for cell separation and cell wall
degradation where tissues were treated with a
mixture of hydrolytic enzymes. Protoplast yield
was high and now this is the most frequently used
method. Moreover, the use of hydrolytic enzymes
offered advantages like:
Narcotic antagonists. Synthesis and evaluation of some substituted 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,4:2,6-dimethano-3-benzazocines (1977)

A seres of (+/-)-N-substituted 6-ethyl-or -methyl-8-hydroxy-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexahydro-1,4:2,6-dimethano-3-benzazocines has been prepared from 6 hydroxytropinone. The N-cyclopropylmethyl compounds 10a and 10b were found to be strong narcotic antagonists approximately equivalent to nalorphine. Only slight analgetic activity was found in any of these compounds including the two N-methyl analogues.
On the performance of temporal error concealment for long-term motion-compensated prediction (2002)

This paper investigates the performance of different temporal concealment techniques when incorporated within a long-term motion compensated video codec. In particular, the paper finds a combination of techniques that best recovers the spatial-temporal components of a damaged long-term motion vector. It is demonstrated also that accurate recovery of the spatial components of the damaged motion vector is, in general, more important and more complex than the recovery of the temporal component. Such findings are explained in view of the properties of the long-term block motion field. The paper also, proposes a novel long-term multihypothesis temporal concealment technique where the damaged block is concealed using the average of a number of candidates from the several reference frames available at the decoder. The superior performance of this technique is demonstrated over a range of block error rates.
Ocular Manifestations in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Are Associated with Other Extra-intestinal Manifestations, Gender, and Genes Implicated in Other Immune-related Traits (2015)

In IBD, O-EIMs co-occur with musculoskeletal and skin manifestations and, in this study, are nominally associated with known IBD loci. Additional cohorts are needed to verify these results and identify additional genes.