gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Features of Dual Fluorescence/Luminescence Resonance Energy-Transfer Molecular Beacons (2003)

Molecular beacons have the potential to become a powerful tool in gene detection and quantification in living cells. Here we report a novel dual molecular beacons approach to reduce false-positive signals in detecting target nucleic acids in homogeneous assays. A pair of molecular beacons, each containing a fluorescence quencher and a reporter fluorophore, one with a donor and a second with an acceptor fluorophore, hybridize to adjacent regions on the same target resulting in fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). The detection of a FRET signal leads to a substantially increased signal-to-background ratio compared with that seen in single molecular beacon assays and enables discrimination between fluorescence due to specific probe/target hybridization and a variety of possible false-positive events. Further, when a lanthanide chelate is used as a donor in a dual-probe assay, extremely high signal-to-background ratios can be achieved owing to the long lifetime and sharp emission peaks of the donor and the time-gated detection of acceptor fluorescence emission. These new approaches allow for the ultrasensitive detection of target molecules in a way that could be readily applied to real-time imaging of gene expression in living cells.
A high throughput parallel AVC/H.264 context-based adaptive binary arithmetic decoder (2011)

In this paper, based on the proposed parallelization scheme of binary arithmetic decoding, a parallel AVC/H.264 con text-based adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) de coder with high throughput is proposed. Following the top down design methodology, algorithm analyzing and data flow modeling in both high and low granularities are per formed to achieve the proposed architecture. According to the analysis for algorithm, the similarity between CABAC decoder and Viterbi decoder is found to extend the degree of parallelism for binary arithmetic decoding. The application of proposed design is specified to support AVC/H.264 High Profile, 4.2 Level, and 1920 × 1088 resolution at 64 frames per second. By increasing the degree of parallelism of bin decoding, the throughput of the proposed architecture is shown by the experiments to have improved 3.5 times as compared to the sequential bin decoding, and the decoded bin per second can reach 378M at clock speed 108MHz.
Aqueous and biphasic nitrile hydration catalyzed by a recyclable Ru(<scp>ii</scp>) complex under atmospheric conditions (2011)

[RuCl2(PTA)4] (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) was found to be a highly active catalyst for aqueous phase nitrile hydration at 100 °C in air. Near quantitative conversion of aromatic, alkyl, and vinyl nitriles to their corresponding amides was observed. The reaction tolerated ether, hydroxyl, nitro, bromo, formyl, pyridyl, benzyl, alkyl, and olefinic functional groups. Some amides were isolated by simple decantation from the aqueous phase catalyst. Catalyst loading down to 0.001 mol% was examined with turnover numbers as high as 22 000 observed. The catalyst was stable for weeks in solution and could be reused more than five times without significant loss of activity.
Multicarrier CDMA with cross-system interference cancellation (2004)

In this paper, the performance of a MC-CDMA system with cross-system interference cancellation is evaluated in an overloaded environment. Simulation results predict that a MC-CDMA receiver with cross-system interference cancellation is able to detect and demodulate signals in a Rayleigh fading environment with a loading of two, where a conventional MC-CDMA receiver is not capable of detection. An examination of the error terms produced by this type of interference cancellation is performed. In addition to cross-system interference cancellation, internal interference cancellation is added to the implementation for a decrease in signal to noise ratio required to reach the same bit error rate.
Design Flow and Characterization Methodology for Dual Mode Logic (2015)

Recently, the dual mode logic (DML) family was introduced as a superior energy-delay alternative to CMOS. DML gates utilize two different modes of operation, dynamic and static, to selectively achieve either high-performance or low-energy operation. Custom designs of DML circuits have been shown to be very efficient. However, implementing DML circuits using the standard design flow and Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tools is very challenging, since DML gates operate in two different modes, each with its own characteristics and operating mechanisms. This paper shows, for the first time, that DML logic can be compatible with the standard design flow and optimized by various tools, such as synthesis and physical design. A DML cell library characterization methodology is also proposed to support the design flow. The methodology and flow were verified on a wide variety of benchmark designs with different gate counts and logic depths, and show that DML design is efficient under the standard design flow restrictions.
Steinernema diaprepesi n. sp. (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), a parasite of the citrus root weevil Diaprepes abbreviatus (L) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). (2002)

A nematode collected from Diaprepes abbreviatus is identified and described as a new species, Steinernema diaprepesi n. sp. The new species is closely related to S. feltiae, S. glaseri, and S. oregonense and can be distinguished from these species by the following characteristics: Males: Spicule averaging 79 (71-90) microm and spicule shape; D% (distance from anterior end to excretory pore/ esophagus length x 100) about 80; the ratio SW (spicule length/anal body width) about 1.8. Females: Vulva with short, double- flapped epiptygma; tail terminus usually with 5 papillae-like structures. Infective juveniles: Body averaging 1,002 (880-1,133) microm, EP (distance from anterior end to excretory pore) = 74 (66-83) microm; tail length = 83 (65-91) microm, and E% (EP/tail length x 100) = 89.6 (78-114). Lateral field pattern variable, the formula for the arrangement of ridges from head to tail is: 2, 6, 7, 8, 4, 2. The portion with eight ridges is the longest. This new species can be differentiated further from three closest species (S. feltiae, S. glaseri, and S. oregonense) by characteristic sequences of their ITS regions, including sequence lengths, ratios of similarity, composition, and differences in base characters in sequence alignment.
Gram-scale purification of phosphorothioate oligonucleotides using ion-exchange displacement chromatography (1995)

The purification of oligonucleotides by ion-exchange displacement chromatography is demonstrated on the gram-scale. Using a 50 mmD x 100 mmL (203 ml) column operated in the displacement mode, 1.2 g of a 24mer phosphorothioate oligonucleotide was purified. Product yield for this separation was 70% (780 mg) at a purity of 96.4% and the mass balance recovery of all oligonucleotide was 97.5%. The displacement purification of four additional phosphorothioate oligonucleotides ranging in length from 18 to 25 bases is also demonstrated on the semi-preparative (10-50 mg) scale. All of these oligonucleotides were purified using similar displacement conditions and typical results were 60% yield at 96% purity. The displacement portion of these separations required <15 min and total cycle time including equilibration, feed loading and regeneration can be performed in under 30 min. These results seem to indicate that displacement chromatography may be amenable to generalizations in separation protocol that would greatly reduce the effort required to obtain an optimized purification scheme for moderately long oligonucleotides.
Enhanced protein production by engineered zinc finger proteins (2006)

Increasing the yield of therapeutic proteins from mammalian production cell lines reduces costs and decreases the time to market. To this end, we engineered a zinc finger protein transcription factor (ZFP TF) that binds a DNA sequence within the promoter driving transgene expression. This ZFP TF enabled >100% increase in protein yield from CHO cells in transient, stable, and fermentor production run settings. Expression vectors engineered to carry up to 10 ZFP binding sites further enhanced ZFP-mediated increases in protein production up to approximately 500%. The multimerized ZFP binding sites function independently of the promoter, and therefore across vector platforms. CHO cell lines stably expressing ZFP TFs demonstrated growth characteristics similar to parental cell lines. ZFP TF expression and gains in protein production were stable over >30 generations in the absence of antibiotic selection. Our results demonstrate that ZFP TFs can rapidly and stably increase protein production in mammalian cells.
Magnetic resonance microwave absorption imaging: initial experimental results in phantoms (2007)

We have used phase contrast magnetic resonance gradients to image small displacements induced by a pulsed 434 MHz microwave field. Thermoelastic expansions, which are related to the tissues' local microwave absorption properties and the applied microwave field distribution are encoded into the phase of MR images. The imaging principles are applicable to other irradiation sources. Initial efforts to develop the signal generation and control necessary for synchronous pulsed microwave power deposition and MR image acquisition have been successful. Preliminary results suggest that MR phase accumulation associated with microwave power deposition in a localized absorber has been observed.
A digital current mode control technique for DC-DC converters (2005)

This paper introduces a digital average current-mode controller architecture based on a low-resolution current A/D converter and a simple digital controller realization. The proposed approach combines advantages of practical digital realization and current-mode control for DC-DC converters operating at high switching frequencies. An experimental test circuit includes an experimental prototype current A/D converter, a controller implemented on an FPGA, and a 6 V-to-1.8 V, 10 A synchronous buck power stage operating at 200 KHz. Experimental verification results are described
Cartilage and Bone Regeneration Using Gene-Enhanced Tissue Engineering (2000)

Joint cartilage injury remains a major problem in orthopaedics with more than 500,000 cartilage repair procedures performed yearly in the United States at a cost of hundreds of millions of dollars. No consistently reliable means to regenerate joint cartilage currently exists. The technologies of gene therapy and tissue engineering were combined using a retroviral vector to stably introduce the human bone morphogenic protein-7 complementary deoxyribonucleic acid into periosteal-derived rabbit mesenchymal stem cells. Bone morphogenic protein-7 secreting gene modified cells subsequently were expanded in monolayer culture, seeded onto polyglycolic acid grafts, implanted into a rabbit knee osteochondral defect model, and evaluated for bone and cartilage repair after 4, 8, and 12 weeks. The grafts containing bone morphogenic protein-7 gene modified cells consistently showed complete or near complete bone and articular cartilage regeneration at 8 and 12 weeks whereas the grafts from the control groups had poor repair as judged by macroscopic, histologic, and immunohistologic criteria. This is the first report of articular cartilage regeneration using a combined gene therapy and tissue engineering approach.
Load Balance Based Dynamic Inter-Cell Interference Coordination for Relay Enhanced Cellular Network (2012)

The relaying technologies have been considered in cellular networks (such as LTE-A and WiMAX) as one of the advanced techniques to extend the network coverage and enhance the cell edge performance. However, the relays will bring extra interference to macro cell and the popular solution is to allocate different bandwidth for relays and base stations. In this paper, we use proportional fairness mode to formulate this frequency resource allocation optimization problem and presented a new adaptive method (both centralized and distributed algorithm) with interference coordination based on dynamic traffic load for cell-edge relay deployment. This resource allocation scheme with both intra and inter cell interference coordination (ICIC) can greatly improve the spectrum efficiency compared with conventional static ICIC schemes, in which the cell- edge bandwidth is equally allocated among the neighboring base stations or relays. Based on our performance evaluation, the proposed method can flexibly adapt the case when the traffic load distribution is non-uniformed or mobility occurs frequently, which accordingly exploit the cellular capacity with the experience enhancement of the cell-edge users.
An Intercell Interference Cancellation Method for OFDM-Based Cellular Systems Using A Virtual Smart Antenna (2006)

In this paper, a concept of virtual smart antenna (SA) is introduced for OFDM-based cellular systems with a frequency reuse factor equal to 1. An estimation method of intercell symbol timing offsets (STOs) from received OFDM signals impinging on virtual antenna is proposed for users at a cell boundary. Also, adaptive beamforming methods for virtual SA are proposed to reduce intercell interference (ICI) from adjacent base stations (BSs).
Pole-zero modeling of the middle ear based on acoustic reflectance measurements (2013)

Fitting poles and zeros to complex acoustic reflectance (CAR) data using a "rational approximation method" (Gustavsen & Semlyen, 1999) allows for a precise parameterization of complex real-ear measurements. CAR is measured using a foam-tipped probe sealed in the ear canal, containing a microphone and receiver. From the complex pressure response to a broadband stimulus, the acoustic impedance and reflectance of the middle ear can be calculated as functions of frequency. The goal of this work is to establish a quantitative connection between the fitted pole-zero locations and underlying physical properties of the CAR and impedance of the middle ear. It was found that (1) the contribution of the ear canal may be approximated as the lossless all-pass component of the factored reflectance fit, (2) individual CAR magnitude variations for normal middle ears in the 1 to 4 kHz range give rise to closely-placed pole-zero pairs, and (3) properties of the pole-zero fit may differ between normal and pathological middle ears. Pole-zero fitting allows for concise characterization of individual CAR measurements, providing a foundation for modeling individual and pathological variations of middle ears.
Proving memory safety of floating-point computations by combining static and dynamic program analysis (2010)

Whitebox fuzzing is a novel form of security testing based on dynamic symbolic execution and constraint solving. Over the last couple of years, whitebox fuzzers have found many new security vulnerabilities (buffer overflows) in Windows and Linux applications, including codecs, image viewers and media players. Those types of applications tend to use floating-point instructions available on modern processors, yet existing whitebox fuzzers and SMT constraint solvers do not handle floating-point arithmetic. Are there new security vulnerabilities lurking in floating-point code?
Permanent Conical Magnet for Interventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2004)

We describe an open structure of permanently magnetized material for interventional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. We transformed the ideal magnet, contained between two coaxial cones, into a practical device by a series of geometrical steps that minimize field perturbations. By taking advantage of the quasi-linear demagnetization characteristics of rare-earth materials, we could analyze the structure with an exact mathematical model. The magnet, built of material of remanence 1.38 T, generates a field of 0.45 T within its central gap 30 cm wide. Our numerical computations show a remarkable 0.25% field uniformity in the imaging region. The large opening makes the conical magnet suitable for interventional and surgical imaging.
32.3: Metal‐Induced Unilaterally Crystallized Polycrystalline Silicon Thin‐Film Transistor Technology for Active‐Matrix Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays with Reduced Susceptibility to Cross‐Talk (2002)

Abstract In active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode displays, a pixel in its non‐emitting state is determined to be more sensitive to transistor leakage than one in its emitting state. An improved device design is proposed and implemented, employing gate‐modulated lightly‐doped drain to suppress transistor leakage and to improve image quality.
Considerations in device design and materials selection in organic light emitting diodes (2012)

The development of high performance organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) for display and lighting applications has attracted considerable research interest from both academia and industry. In this work, the designs of simplified phosphorescent OLEDs with exceptionally high efficiency are discussed. It is found that discrete blocking layers and a double emission zone are unnecessary to achieve high efficiency in optimized phosphorescent OLEDs. Due to the elimination of these redundant layers, the device structure can be highly simplified. It is also shown that single-layer, two organic component devices are feasible with state-of-the-art efficiency.
Laser‐induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract Laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a novel method of elemental analysis based on a laser‐generated plasma. Pulses from a laser are focused on a sample to atomize a small amount of material resulting in the formation of a microplasma. Because of the high plasma temperature, the resulting atoms are electronically excited to emit light. The plasma light is spectrally resolved and detected to determine the elemental composition of the sample based on the unique emission spectrum of each element. Because of the simplicity of the method, it is suited for analyses that cannot be carried out using conventional methods of atomic emission spectroscopy (AES). This is particularly true for measurements that must be conducted outside of an analytical laboratory. A particular advantage of LIBS is the ability to analyze most types of samples without any preparation. This allows the interrogation of samples in situ, providing rapid measurement capability, permitting the method to be used in the analysis of gases, liquids, and solids in a variety of different sampling configurations. Although LIBS provides sensitive detection for many elements, it is not an ultrasensitive detection technique. In addition, under field conditions, the method typically does not provide the high accuracy and precision offered by laboratory‐based methods of AES. Although basically an element detection method, chemometric methods of analysis are being developed to analyze the LIBS spectrum to provide identification of chemical substances (e.g. explosives, pathogens, and chemical agents).
Long-term interleukin 10 therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients has a proviral and anti-inflammatory effect (2003)

An imbalance in Th1 and Th2 cytokine production is implicated in disease progression of HCV. Our aim was to determine the effect of IL-10 administration in patients with HCV-related liver disease. Thirty patients with advanced fibrosis who had failed antiviral therapy were enrolled in a 12-month treatment regimen with SQ IL-10 given daily or thrice weekly. Liver biopsies were performed before and after therapy. Serum and PBMC were collected for HCV RNA, ALT, and functional T-cell analysis. IL-10 led to significant improvement in serum ALT (mean ALT: day 0 = 142 ± 17 vs. month 12 = 75 ± 10; P < .05). Hepatic inflammation score decreased by at least 2 in 13 of 28 patients (mean decrease from 4.6 ± 0.3 to 3.7 ± 0.3, P < .05) and 11 of 28 showed a reduction in fibrosis score (mean change from 5.0 ± 0.2 to 4.5 ± 0.3, P < .05). Serum HCV RNA levels increased by 0.5 log during therapy (mean HCV RNA day 0: 12.3 ± 3.0 Meq/mL; 12 months: 38 Meq/mL; P < .05) and returned to baseline at the end of follow-up (11.0 ± 2.4 Meq/ml). Five patients developed viral loads of greater than 120 Meq/mL and two of these developed an acute flare in serum ALT. IL-10 caused a decrease in the number of HCV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ secreting T cells and alterations in PBMC cytokine production towards a Th2 dominant profile. These changes parallel the improvement in ALT and rise in HCV RNA. In conclusion, long-term rIL-10 therapy appears to decrease disease activity, but also leads to increased HCV viral burden via alterations in immunologic viral surveillance. (Hepatology 2003;38:859–868).
A novel 1/spl times/4 coupler-multiplexer permutation switch for WDM applications (2000)

A novel 1/spl times/4 coupler multiplexer permutation switch (CMPS) is proposed for applications in wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) optical networks. The structure of the CMPS integrates the multiplexing and switching functions into a single compact device. It consists of a single-mode/multimode-waveguide grating-assisted, backward-coupler multiplexer followed by a 1/spl times/4 digital optical switch (DOS). The specific design uses an InP-based 1/spl times/4 CMPS with InGaAsP-InP multiple-quantum-well (MQW) DOS. The calculated values of crosstalk for the coupler multiplexer and the DOS are <-25 dB and -23 dB, respectively, giving an overall crosstalk <-21 dB for channel bandwidths of 10-13 GHz. The device channels are unequally spaced, which reduces unwanted four-wave mixing (FWM), but are fitted to the ITU standard wavelength grid.
Biosynthesis of polyketide synthase extender units (2008)

This review covers the biosynthesis of extender units that are utilized for the assembly of polyketides by polyketide synthases. The metabolic origins of each of the currently known polyketide synthase extender units are covered.
Development of real time welding control system by using image processing. (1989)

Welding control system for Narrow gap GTAW was developed. It is capable of simultaneous control of both welding torch position and welding heat input by image processing the thermal pattern of melting zone.This system is characterized in that an isothermal pattern of weld zone is detected with infrared camera, and the thermal pattern of melting zone is selected by image processing. The position of welding torch is controlled according to the judgement of asymmetric extend of thermal pattern.Welding heat input control is conducted by comparing the area of thermal pattern with the area of standard pattern, too. According to this system, it is possible to maintain an optimum welding condition nn real time.
Formation of discrete space-variant subwavelength dielectric gratings for polarimetric measurements (2005)

We present a unique method for real-time polarization measurement by use of a discrete space-variant subwavelength grating. The formation of the grating is done by discrete orientation of the local subwavelength grooves. The complete polarization analysis of the incident beam is determined by spatial Fourier transform of the near-field intensity distribution transmitted through the discrete subwavelength dielectric grating followed by a subwavelength metal polarizer. We discuss a theoretical analysis based on Stokes-Muller formalism and experimentally demonstrate our approach with polarization measurements of infrared radiation at a wavelength of 10.6um. Moreover, a new far-field polarimetry approach is presented along with preliminary experimental results.
Heat pipe methanator. [12 claims] (1976)

A heat pipe methanator for converting coal gas to methane is described. Gravity return heat pipes are employed to remove the heat of reaction from the methanation-promoting catalyst, transmitting a portion of this heat to an incoming gas pre-heat section and delivering the remainder to a steam generating heat exchanger. 12 claims, 6 figures.