gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humoral and Cell-Mediated Adaptive Immune Responses Are Required for Protection against<i>Burkholderia pseudomallei</i>Challenge and Bacterial Clearance Postinfection (2005)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, is a gram-negative bacillus endemic to areas of southeast Asia and northern Australia. Presently, there is no licensed vaccine for B. pseudomallei and the organism is refractive to antibiotic therapy. The bacterium is known to survive and multiply inside both phagocytic and nonphagocytic host cells and may be able to spread directly from cell to cell. Current vaccine delivery systems are unlikely to induce the correct immune effectors to stimulate a protective response to the organism. In this study, we have developed a procedure to utilize dendritic cells as a vaccine delivery vector to induce cell-mediated immune responses to B. pseudomallei. Dendritic cells were produced by culturing murine bone marrow progenitor cells in medium containing granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Purified dendritic cells were pulsed with heat-killed whole-cell B. pseudomallei and used to immunize syngeneic mice. Strong cellular immune responses were elicited by this immunization method, although antibody responses were low. Booster immunizations of either a second dose of dendritic cells or heat-killed B. pseudomallei were administered to increase the immune response. Immunized animals were challenged with fully virulent B. pseudomallei, and protection was demonstrated in those with strong humoral and cell-mediated immunity. These results indicate the importance of both cell-mediated and humoral immune mechanisms in protection against intracellular pathogens.
Visible-absorption spectroscopy as a biomarker to predict treatment response and prognosis of surgically resected esophageal cancer (2016)

The application of optical absorption spectra in prognostic prediction has hardly been investigated. We developed and evaluated a novel two dimensional absorption spectrum measurement system (TDAS) for use in early diagnosis, evaluating response to chemoradiation, and making prognostic prediction. The absorption spectra of 120 sets of normal and tumor tissues from esophageal cancer patients were analyzed with TDAS ex-vivo. We demonstrated the cancerous tissue, the tissue from patients with a poor concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) response, and the tissue from patients with an early disease progression each had a readily identifiable common spectral signature. Principal component analysis (PCA) classified tissue spectra into distinct groups, demonstrating the feasibility of using absorption spectra in differentiating normal and tumor tissues, and in predicting CCRT response, poor survival and tumor recurrence (efficiencies of 75%, 100% and 85.7% respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that patients identified as having poor-response, poor-survival and recurrence spectral signatures were correlated with increased risk of poor response to CCRT (P = 0.012), increased risk of death (P = 0.111) and increased risk of recurrence (P = 0.030) respectively. Our findings suggest that optical absorption microscopy has great potential to be a useful tool for pre-operative diagnosis and prognostic prediction of esophageal cancer.
Suppression of allo-human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies secreted by B memory cells<i>in vitro</i>: intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) <i>versus</i>a monoclonal anti-HLA-E IgG that mimics HLA-I reactivities of IVIg (2014)

B memory cells remain in circulation and secrete alloantibodies without antigen exposure > 20 years after alloimmunization postpartum or by transplantation. These long-lived B cells are resistant to cytostatic drugs. Therapeutically, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is administered to reduce allo-human leucocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies pre- and post-transplantation, but the mechanism of reduction remains unclear. Recently, we reported that IVIg reacts with several HLA-I alleles and the HLA reactivity of IVIg is lost after its HLA-E reactivity is adsorbed out. Therefore, we have generated an anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibody that mimics the HLA-reactivity of IVIg to investigate whether this antibody suppresses IgG secretion, as does IVIg. B cells were purified from the blood of a woman in whose blood the B memory cells remained without antigen exposure > 20 years after postpartum alloimmunization. The B cells were stimulated with cytokines using a well-defined culture system. The anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibody (mAb) significantly suppressed the allo-HLA class-II IgG produced by the B cells, and that this suppression was far superior to that by IVIg. These findings were confirmed with HLA-I antibody secreted by the immortalized B cell line, developed from the blood of another alloimmunized woman. The binding affinity of the anti-HLA-E mAb for peptide sequences shared (i.e. shared epitopes) between HLA-E and other β2-microglobulin-free HLA heavy chains (open conformers) on the cell surface of B cells may act as a ligand and signal suppression of IgG production of activated B memory cells. We propose that anti-HLA-E monoclonal antibody may also be useful to suppress allo-HLA IgG production in vivo.
The sludge volume index soft sensor model based on PCA-ElmanNN (2012)

Sludge bulking is one of the most serious problems in the Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs) and brings about significant economic loss. Sludge Volume Index (SVI), a key sludge sedimentation performance evaluation index, is difficult to be obtained accurately online. To monitor the SVI value, a new soft sensor modeling method based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Elman Neural Network (ElmanNN) is proposed in this paper. The final inputs of model are determined by PCA. Then, the SVI value is modeled by the Elman network in the WWTPs. Finally, compared with other neural networks, the experimental results show that Elman network is more efficient in modeling the SVI. The scale of network can be simplified and its capability of dealing with dynamic information can be strengthened.
An interface diffusion process approach for the fabrication of MgB<sub>2</sub>wire (2006)

We propose a new approach for the fabrication of MgB2 tape utilizing an interface diffusion reaction between an Fe?Mg alloy substrate and a boron (B) layer. The Fe?Mg alloy has enough workability to be deformable into a tape form, and the Fe?Mg/(B(+ SiC)) composites were prepared by a lamination method. During the heat treatment at 700??C, the Mg in the Fe?Mg alloy diffuses towards the interface, forming a thin Mg rich layer along the interface. The Mg rich thin layer acts as a source of Mg for MgB2 formation, which proceeds to the inside of the B layer. Such a formation mechanism produces a dense structure of MgB2 with much less MgO impurity, which is difficult to achieve by the conventional powder-in-tube (PIT) process. SiC addition to the B layer is effective for improving the critical current density Jc in applied magnetic fields as in the case of the PIT process, and a Jc value of 3 ? 104?A?cm?2 at 5?K and 7?T has been obtained, which is comparable to that of PIT tape with SiC addition. This approach is expected to be a breakthrough in the development of MgB2 wire with a high quality superconducting layer in the composite.
LaSr<sub>2</sub>AlO<sub>5</sub>, a Versatile Host Compound for Ce<sup>3+</sup>-Based Yellow Phosphors: Structural Tuning of Optical Properties and Use in Solid-State White Lighting (2009)

Cerium-doped lanthanum strontium aluminum oxide LaSr2AlO5:Ce3+ has recently been identified by us as a viable yellow phosphor that in conjunction with a blue-emitting diode can be used in solid-state white lighting sources. In this study, we present the energy level structure relevant to the luminescence process within LaSr2AlO5:Ce3+, based on crystal structure determination by powder X-ray diffraction and the peak deconvolution of excitation and emission spectra. We also establish the versatility of the phosphor host LaSr2AlO5 by examining isovalent substitutions of all three cation types in the structure; Gd or Tb for La, Ca or Ba for Sr, and B or Ga for Al. All the above cation substitutions/solid solution are achieved to the full extent except when Ca (for Sr) or B (for Al) are chosen as substituent. Optical properties of the prepared Ce3+ phosphors are found to depend on the rare-earth metal−oxygen distances and the lattice ionicity. Among the compounds studied here, excitation maxima range between 435 and 453 nm and emission maxima between 552 and 577 nm, which are promising for delicate color control in InGaN-based blue-pumped, yellow-emitting phosphors for solid-state white lighting. Prototype light-emitting diodes have been fabricated by formulating various phosphor compositions obtained in this study, and their electroluminescence properties are presented.
Robustness of Computerized Identification of Masses in Digitized Mammograms (1996)

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors assess the robustness of a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme with five rule-based stages to identify regions suspicious for mass in digitized mammograms. METHODS With a database of 428 mammograms, 234 of which had not been analyzed by this scheme before, the authors evaluated the performance robustness of their CAD scheme. The following four issues were investigated to assess the variability of the scheme's performance due to: (1) the maximum permissible number of “masses” detected at each stage; (2) exclusion of selected individual rule-based stages; (3) added image noise; and (4) repeated digitizations of the same image. RESULTS Enabling the CAD scheme to select a maximum of two suspicious mass regions at any one stage increased sensitivity by as much as 4% (from 93% to 97%), but it increased the false-positive detection rate by as much as 1.2 per image (from 1.7 to 2.9). Eliminating any individual stage decreased sensitivity by as much as 6%, but this reduced the false-positive detection rate by as much as 0.4 per image (from 1.7 to 1.3). The addition of reasonable noise levels decreased sensitivity by as much as 4% without substantially affecting the false-positive detections. Repeated digitizations of selected images demonstrated a scheme sensitivity of 93% ± 1.8% with more than a 90% overlap of the false-positive regions. CONCLUSIONS The results of this preliminary study clearly indicate that this scheme is reasonably robust to the variables investigated here.
Human Interface and Applications on IdeaBoard (1997)

This paper describes a new style of human interface and several applications on an interactive dynamic whiteboard. If current GUIs are just expanded to the whiteboard size, the teacher would have to frequently move from side to side and stretch their hands from edge to edge, as well as the teacher’s body would cover the board. In order to avoid these problems, operability from an arbitrary standing position of the teacher with a reasonable amount of hand movement, thus no hiding of the board by the body, and easy operations by electronic markers have been sought. Moreover, various applications have been prototyped. A programming education system is one of these, where the teacher writes a program on the board and can have it recognized, compiled and executed in front of the students. Another is an arithmetic education system where children write arithmetic equations on the board and the system answers them.
Wave Energy Converter Buoy with Variable Geometry that Improves Energy and Power Capture for Changing Sea States (2022)

This paper presents a nonlinear control design technique that capitalizes on an hour glass (HG) variable geometry wave energy converter (WEC). The HG buoy is assumed to operate in the heave motion of the wave. The unique interaction between the HG buoy and the wave creates a nonlinear cubic storage effect that produces actual energy storage or reactive power during operation. A multi-frequency Bretschneider spectrum wave excitation input is reviewed for the HG design both with constant and varying steepness angle profiles which demonstrates further increased power generation. Numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the increase in power generation with changing sea states. The objective is to increase the power generation from multi-frequency nonlinear dynamic sources.
P4‐447: Conformation directed immunomodulation targeting amyloid plaques, CAA and neurofibrillary tangle pathology in model mice (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common of the conformational neurodegenerative disorders. Current treatments for AD are largely symptomatic and minimally effective. Major problems with previous immunotherapeutical approaches include: the potential of toxicity from autoimmune encephalitis, tau related pathology not being addressed, and the need to effectively clear congophilic angiopathy (CAA). In our current study we developed a novel immunomodulatory therapeutic approach that would use polymerized British amyloidosis (pABri) related peptides with no homology to any human protein; and polymerized -non-fibrillized- Aß1-42 peptide (pAß42), to help overcome these limitations of vaccination. Previously, we have shown that pABri can induce behavioral benefits in APP/PS1 Tg mice associated with reductions in Aß oligomers. Currently, we tested this approach in mice with both plaques and tangle pathology (3xTg mice) and mice with extensive CAA (TgSwDI). We produced pABri and pAß42 which by electron microscopy form oligomer-like structures, and by circular dichroism analysis are mainly ß-sheet. These were used as immunogens in 3xTg mice as well as in TgSwDI mice, using alum as an adjuvant At the age of 17-18 months the mice were subject to locomotor and cognitive behavioral testing, followed by histological and biochemical analysis. Locomotor testing showed no significant differences between any group in both models. On radial arm maze testing the 3xTg showed the pABri vaccinated and wild-type controls to behave similarly and to differ significantly from 3xTg controls (p <0.01). The analysis of TgSwDI showed the pABri and pAß42 vaccinated and wild-type controls differing significantly from the TgSwDI controls (p <0.001). The pABri inoculated animals made low titers of IgM and IgG recognizing the original antigen and oligomerized Aß42. Animals inoculated with pAß42 had high titers of anti-Aß peptides plain or oligomerized. All animals remained healthy and without noticeable autoimmune complications for the length of the experiment. Histological and biochemical analysis is on-going in these animals. A novel active immunomodulation approach that targets the shared abnormal conformation found in aggregated/oligomer Aß and PHF is associated with a mild poly-reactive immune response mainly against oligomeric forms and significant cognitive benefits in both 3xTg and SwDI Tg model mice.
Experimental and Finite Element Modeling of Friction Stir Seal Welding of Tube-Tubesheet Joint (2012)

Tube-tubesheet joints are critical in some applications, where contact between shell and tube side fluids is not tolerable. To ensure joint tightness, standards (ASME and TEMA) recommend performing a combination of rolling-or expansion of tube-tubesheet and seal welding. Available techniques for seal welding are based on fusion welding that sometimes results in a number of defects such as cracking and porosity formation, and such defects may take a newly fabricated heat exchanger out of service. In this work, friction stir welding (FSW) was used for tube-tubesheet seal joint and simulated using a 3D thermo-mechanical finite element model (FEM). The model was analyzed using a commercial finite element (FE) package. The model included the thermal effect of the tool workpiece interaction along with axial load, ignoring the metal flow around the tool. The material model took into account temperature dependency of thermal and mechanical properties. The model objectives were to evaluate the temperature distribution and residual stress in the workpiece resulting from the thermal cycle and axial load during welding for various process parameters, and to study how residual stresses in adjacent roller expanded tubes are affected during welding. The FE results show that the maximum temperature at the welding zone does not exceed the solidus temperature (except at high tool rotational speeds); the process can thus be classified as cold working. Moreover, adjacent tubes temperature does not exceed the annealing temperature. An experimental setup was designed and manufactured to show the feasibility of the process in this constrained size joints and to validate the numerical results. A test cell and a special FSW tool were designed and manufactured for this purpose. Many tests were performed with welding quality depending on process parameters.
Relationship between Microstructures and Tensile Properties of an Fe-30Mn-8.5Al-2.0C Alloy (2010)

Owing to the presence of a large amount of fine (Fe,Mn)3AlC carbides within austenite (γ) matrix, the tensile property of the Fe-30%Mn-8.5Al%-2.0%C (in mass%) alloy in the as-quenched condition was clearly superior to that of the as-quenched FeMnAlC (C≤1.3%) alloys investigated by previous workers. After being aged at 823 K for 3 h, the present alloy could possess high yield strength up to 1262 MPa with an excellent 32.5% elongation. With almost equivalent ductility, the yield strength obtained was about 16% higher than that of the FeMnAlC (C≤1.3%) alloys after solution heat-treatment or controlled-rolling followed by an optimal aging at 823 K. Additionally, due to the pre-existing fine (Fe,Mn)3AlC carbides within the γ matrix in the as-quenched alloy, the aging time required for attaining the optimal combination of strength and ductility was much less than that of the FeMnAlC (C≤1.3%) alloys aged at 823 K. When the present alloy was aged at 823 K for a time period longer than 4 h, both the strength and ductility were drastically dropped due to the occurrence of γo⁄κ (γo: carbon-deficient austenite) lamellar structure on the γ⁄γ grain boundaries.
The simulation and reconstruction of mixed detector cylinder PET system (2017)

Spatial resolution of a PET system depends on the size of crystal to some extent. In general, the smaller the size of each crystal, the higher the spatial resolution of the PET system. The problem is that with the crystal size becomes smaller, more electronic channels will be needed and the cost of the PET system will increase. Besides, sometimes when imaging some organ like bladder, high spatial resolution is not that necessary. To fix these problems, here we put forward a new method that combines the high spatial resolution crystal with the normal spatial resolution crystal to construct a novel mixed detector module and then we used this module to construct a cylinder PET system. One part used small-size crystals and another part used normal-size crystals in this detector module. Inspired by this method, we can combine high resolution detector module with existing PET machine to construct a mixed detector PET system very quickly. The results demonstrated that these kind of mixed detector cylinder PET system had a good combination of this two kinds of crystals, and we can get different quality reconstruction image by adjusting the position of the target.
A flexible class of regenerating codes for distributed storage (2010)

In the distributed storage setting introduced by Dimakis et al., B units of data are stored across n nodes in the network in such a way that the data can be recovered by connecting to any k nodes. Additionally one can repair a failed node by connecting to any d nodes while downloading at most β units of data from each node. In this paper, we introduce a flexible framework in which the data can be recovered by connecting to any number of nodes as long as the total amount of data downloaded is at least B. Similarly, regeneration of a failed node is possible if the new node connects to the network using links whose individual capacity is bounded above by β <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> and whose sum capacity equals or exceeds a predetermined parameter γ. In this flexible setting, we obtain the cut-set lower bound on the repair bandwidth along with a constructive proof for the existence of codes meeting this bound for all values of the parameters. An explicit code construction is provided which is optimal in certain parameter regimes.
Depth-based motion vector prediction in 3D video coding (2012)

There are several data formats available for 3D video, among which is the Multiview Video plus Depth (MVD) representation that enables depth-image-based rendering (DIBR). In addition to DIBR, the MVD data format can enable more efficient compression for texture video coding. In this paper, we propose advanced motion vector prediction (MVP) techniques which utilize the availability of depth information in the MVD format for more efficient coding of the corresponding texture pictures. The proposed MVP was implemented on top of the Multiview Video Coding (MVC) extension of the Advanced Video Coding (H.264/AVC) standard and its reference software and tested under the simulation conditions of the Call for Proposals of 3D video coding technology issued by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). In the provided simulation results the proposed scheme significantly outperformed the conventional MVP (by up to 9.9% and on average by 7.5% in Bjontegaard delta bitrate) when it was applied for coding of 3-view MVD data.
Design and Implementation of a Pipelined Decoder for Generalized Concatenated Codes Format (2014)

This article proposes a pipelined decoder architecture for generalized concatenated codes (GCC). These codes are constructed from inner binary Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem (BCH) and outer Reed-Solomon codes. The decoding of the component codes is based on hard decision syndrome decoding algorithms. The concatenated code consists of several small BCH codes. This enables a hardware architecture where the decoding of the component codes is pipelined. A hardware implementation of a GCC decoder is presented and the cell area, cycle counts as well as the timing constraints are investigated. The results are compared to a decoder for long BCH codes with similar error correction performance. In comparison, the pipelined GCC decoder achieves a higher throughput and has lower area consumption.
Conducting Wall Hall Thrusters (2014)

A unique configuration of the magnetic field and channel geometry near the wall of Hall thrusters, called magnetic shielding, has recently demonstrated the ability to significantly reduce the erosion of the boron nitride (BN) walls and extend the life of Hall thrusters by orders of magnitude. The ability of magnetic shielding to minimize interactions between the plasma and the discharge chamber walls in regions where erosion typically occurs has for the first time enabled the replacement of insulating walls with conducting materials without loss in Hall thruster performance. It is important to note that this is not a thruster with anode layer (TAL) where the walls are at or near cathode potential, but is a Hall thruster configuration where the walls are near the anode potential. The BN rings in the 6-kW H6 Hall thruster were replaced with graphite that self-biased to near the anode potential during operation. The thruster efficiency remained over 60% (within 2% of the baseline BN configuration) with a small decrease in thrust and increase in Isp typical of magnetically shielded Hall thrusters. The graphite wall temperatures decreased significantly compared with both shielded and unshielded BN configurations, leading to the potential for higher power operation. Eliminating ceramic walls makes it simpler and less expensive to fabricate a thruster to survive launch loads, and the graphite discharge chamber radiates more efficiently, which increases the power capability of the thruster compared with conventional Hall thruster designs.