gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical validation of new template matching methods for detecting ventricular tachycardia (2002)

To improve over rate based algorithms for detection of pathological tachycardias by implantable antitachycardia devices, techniques based on morphological differences in ventricular electrograms during sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation (SR/AF) and ventricular tachycardia (VT) have been proposed. Examined are the results of three proposed methods of intracardiac electrogram analysis for discriminating ventricular electrograms during VT from those during SR/AF: Correlation Waveform Analysis, the Bin Area Method, and the Derivative Area Method. It is demonstrated that the distribution of derived values from intracardiac analysis using these algorithms is not generally a normal (Gaussian) distribution. Nonparametric tolerance intervals are used to evaluate the performance of these algorithms in discriminating ventricular electrograms during VT from those during SR/AF.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Design and Synthesis of 2‘-Deoxy-2‘-Fluorodisaccharides as Mechanism-Based Glycosidase Inhibitors That Exploit Aglycon Specificity (1997)

Stable, aglycon-specific inactivators of glycosidases have considerable potential as tools in the study of mechanisms of oligosaccharide processing, and possibly as avenues toward new therapeutics. Glycosidases for which the rate-determining step with the natural substrate is the hydrolysis of the glycosyl-enzyme intermediate are shown to be inactivated by the 2‘-deoxy-2‘-fluoro derivative of this substrate. Thus Agrobacterium faecalis β-glucosidase is inactivated by 2‘-deoxy-2‘-fluorocellobiose according to inactivation parameters of ki = 0.018 min-1 and Ki = 20 mM. Inactivation is shown to occur via the accumulation of the same 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglycosyl-enzyme intermediate as that formed using activated 2-deoxy-2-fluoroglycosides by identification of the labeled peptide in proteolytic digests. Thus, interactions between the enzyme and the sugar aglycon provide sufficient transition state stabilization to allow formation and trapping of the glycosyl-enzyme. β-Glucocerebrosidase, a β-glucosidase specific for hydrolysis of glucocerebrosides, is not inactivated by 2‘-deoxy-2‘-fluorocellobiose, thereby demonstrating the aglycon specificity of this class of inactivator.
Optically Controlled Fast Reconfigurable Microwave Photonic Dual-Band Filter Based on Nonlinear Polarization Rotation (2016)

A high-speed optically controlled microwave photonic (MWP) reconfigurable dual-band filter is presented, which is achieved using a Lyot loop filter for spectrum slicing and ultrafast nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect in a semiconductor optical amplifier for high-speed tuning. Through the control of optical pump power, the MWP filter is switchable between four different operation states-all-block state, dual-band state, and single-band state with two different passband frequencies. The use of NPR greatly increases the tuning speed of the MWP filter to gigahertz range, making it capable for high-speed tuning in dynamic multiband applications. The four operation states and high-speed adjustment significantly improve operation flexibility of the filter. Furthermore, good passband quality is also obtained that the sidelobe suppressions of both passbands are over 40 dB with clean and sharp passband profiles, providing good filter selectivity.
Natural Variation of Canine Parvovirus (1985)

Canine parvovirus was first recognized during 1978. Analysis of isolates collected since its emergence revealed that viruses circulating after 1980 were antigenically different from earlier isolates. Monoclonal antibodies clearly distinguished the two strains, some being specific for either the old or the new viruses. Restriction enzyme analysis of viral DNA's showed that the post-1980 viruses were similar to earlier isolates, but some restriction site differences were present in the new strain. These results suggest that the canine parvoviruses infecting dogs in the seven areas of the United States that were sampled derive from a variant virus that replaced the original strain during 1980.
Cost-Aware Cloud Metering with Scalable Service Management Infrastructure (2015)

As the cloud services journey through their lifecycle towards becoming commodities, the demand is increasing for "pay-per-use" pricing model. In this model, users are charged for the amount of resources, e.g., Volume of transactions, CPU usage, etc., being consumed during a given time period. Software as a Service (SaaS) providers charging their customers via pay-per-use (e.g., Microsoft Azure Web Services) and facing Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) costs per VM per month (e.g., Soft Layer) have to carefully choose and scale their non-revenue generating service management infrastructure to penetrate and stay in the market. In this paper, we focus on the metering and rating aspects of cloud service management, and their scalability with the SaaS business and operational changes. We design a framework for cloud service providers to scale their revenue management systems in a cost-aware manner, where the deployment of these revenue systems dynamically uses existing or newly provisioned SaaS VMs, instead of the extant approach of using dedicated setups. Our experimental analysis shows that service management related tasks can be offloaded to the existing VMs with at most 15% overhead in CPU utilization, 10% overhead for memory usage, and negligible overhead for I/O and network usage. We used traces from IBM production servers to mimic the load on VMs. By dynamically scaling the service management setup, we were able to adapt to increasing metering data processing requirements without incurring additional cost, while preserving the infrastructure footprint.
Enhanced Antibacterial Properties of Self-Assembling Peptide Amphiphiles Functionalized with Heparin-Binding Cardin-Motifs (2017)

The emergence of antibiotic resistance in bacteria has caused many healthcare problems and social burdens. In this study, a type of self-assembled peptide amphiphiles (PA) functionalized with a heparin-binding Cardin-motif peptide (sequence (AKKARK)<sub>2</sub>) has been designed to combat bacterial drug resistance. Above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) at 45 μM, these amphiphilic Cardin antimicrobial peptide (ACA-PA) can self-assemble into cylindrical supramolecular structures (7-10 nm in diameter) via hydrophobic interactions and β-sheet secondary conformation. The ACA-PA displays excellent antibacterial properties against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. This work also demonstrates the effects of molecular self-assembly on antibacterial activity of peptide amphiphiles. The ACA-PA exhibits antibacterial activity on Gram-positive bacteria in a dose-dependent manner, but in the case of Gram-negative bacteria, the antibacterial potency of ACA-PA is remarkably enhanced at concentrations above the CMC. The ACA-PA has been shown to cause bacterial cytoplasmic leakage, causing localized membrane disruption in Gram-positive bacteria and blisters on disorganized membranes of Gram-negative bacteria. Therefore, these peptide-based nanoparticles have promising potential as antimicrobial agents without resorting to the use of antibiotics, and, thus, should be further studied for a wide range of biomaterial applications.
A GA-Based Neural Fuzzy System for Modeling a Paper Mill Wastewater Treatment Process (2011)

A genetic algorithm-based neural fuzzy system (GA-NFS) was presented for studying the coagulation process of wastewater treatment in a paper mill. In order to adapt the system to a variety of operating conditions and acquire a more flexible learning ability, the GA-NFS was employed to model the nonlinear relationships between the effluent concentration of pollutants and the chemical dosages, and a hybrid learning algorithm divided into two stages was proposed for parameters learning. During the first learning stage, a genetic algorithm was used to optimize the structure of GA-NFS and the membership function of each fuzzy term due to its capability of parallel and global search. On the basis of an optimized training stage, the back-propagation algorithm (BP algorithm) was chosen to update the parameters of GA-NFS to improve the system precision. The GA-NFS proves to be very effective in modeling coagulation perform and performs better than adaptive-network-based fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). RMSE, MAPE, and R between the predicted and observed values for GA-NFS were only 0.01099, 2.3337, and 0.9375, respectively.
A Thermosensitive Poly(organophosphazene) Gel (2002)

Thermosensitive poly(organophosphazenes) bearing α-amino-ω-methoxy-PEG (AMPEG) and hydrophobic l-isoleucine ethyl ester (IleOEt) as side groups have been synthesized, and their reversible sol−gel properties were investigated by means of 31P NMR spectroscopy and viscometer. In an aqueous solution, the poly(organophosphazenes) exhibited four-phase transitions with temperature gradually increasing: a transparent sol, a transparent gel, a opaque gel, and a turbid sol. The gelation properties of the polymer were affected by several factors such as the composition of substituents, the chain length of AMPEG, and the concentration of the polymer solutions. The more hydrophilic composition of the polymers offers the higher gelation temperature. The gelation of the polymer is presumed to be attributed to the hydrophobic interaction between the side-chain fragments (−CH(CH3)CH2CH3) of IleOEt which act as the physical junction in the polymer aqueous solution.
Effects of single <scp>d</scp>‐amino acid substitutions on disruption of β‐sheet structure and hydrophobicity in cyclic 14‐residue antimicrobial peptide analogs related to gramicidin S (2004)

Gramicidin S (GS) is a 10-residue cyclic beta-sheet peptide with lytic activity against the membranes of both microbial and human cells, i.e. it possesses little to no biologic specificity for either cell type. Structure-activity studies of de novo-designed 14-residue cyclic peptides based on GS have previously shown that higher specificity against microbial membranes, i.e. a high therapeutic index (TI), can be achieved by the replacement of a single L-amino acid with its corresponding D-enantiomer [Kondejewski, L.H. et al. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 13181]. The diastereomer with a D-Lys substituted at position 4 caused the greatest improvement in specificity vs. other L to D substitutions within the cyclic 14-residue peptide GS14, through a combination of decreased peptide amphipathicity and disrupted beta-sheet structure in aqueous conditions [McInnes, C. et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 14287]. Based on this information, we have created a series of peptide diastereomers substituted only at position 4 by a D- or L-amino acid (Leu, Phe, Tyr, Asn, Lys, and achiral Gly). The amino acids chosen in this study represent a range of hydrophobicities/hydrophilicities as a subset of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids. While the D- and L-substitutions of Leu, Phe, and Tyr all resulted in strong hemolytic activity, the substitutions of hydrophilic D-amino acids D-Lys and D-Asn in GS14 at position 4 resulted in weaker hemolytic activity than in the L-diastereomers, which demonstrated strong hemolysis. All of the L-substitutions also resulted in poor antimicrobial activity and an extremely low TI, while the antimicrobial activity of the D-substituted peptides tended to improve based on the hydrophilicity of the residue. D-Lys was the most polar and most efficacious substitution, resulting in the highest TI. Interestingly, the hydrophobic D-amino acid substitutions had superior antimicrobial activity vs. the L-enantiomers although substitution of a hydrophobic D-amino acid increases the nonpolar face hydrophobicity. These results further support the role of hydrophobicity of the nonpolar face as a major influence on microbial specificity, but also highlights the importance of a disrupted beta-sheet structure on antimicrobial activity.
A pre-emphasis filter system for in-building MPEG-2 video distribution (1998)

It is becoming popular that both residential and commercial buildings in a densely populated urban city have fibre cables laid from a central office to the basement of the building. Category 5 twisted pairs are then used for in-building distribution. This paper introduces a pre-emphasis filter system to distribute MPEG-2 videos within a building using category 5 twisted pairs. A novel technique is used to identify the frequency response of a twisted pair cable to obtain the necessary preamplification at the transmitter. Simulation results are obtained for both conventional and fractional tap-line pre-emphasis filters for a 1000 ft category 5 twisted pair. The proposed system can be used by telecom companies to provide video-on-demand, internet connection and other interactive multimedia services. The system can also be utilized by hotels, hospitals, recreation centres and corporations to deploy their private intranets, VOD and multimedia information systems. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced flux pinning by combined atomic substitution and phase decomposition in cuprate superconductors (1991)

The use of combined atomic substitution and phase decomposition is shown to achieve substantial enhancement of flux pinning in Y–Ba-Cu–O ceramics. The substituent is chosen to provide a high density of nucleation sites for decomposition and at the same time enhancing Tc in the resulting composite superconductor. Bulk YBa2Cu4O8 (124) with 2.5% La substituted for Ba is decomposed by a short anneal beyond the stability boundary for YBa2Cu3O7 (123) at low oxygen pressure. The product, principally La-substituted 123 &lt;m1;37p&gt;with stacking faults and precipitates of CuO in the grain boundaries, exhibits a 17-fold enhancement in intragrain Jc at 77 K and 0.75 Tesla over unprocessed 123, rising to 50-fold at 85 K. Magnetization Jc exceeds 104 A/cm2 at 0.75 Tesla for temperatures up to 87 K, the highest so far observed for a superconductor.
592. A Comparison of Length on the Potency and Toxicity of Small Interfering and Short Hairpin RNAs Targeting a Highly Conserved Site in HIV-1 RNA Coding for the Gag Polyprotein (2015)

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and their precursors, short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), are being developed for the treatment of HIV-1 infection as drug and gene therapies, respectively. We have previously identified a target site in HIV-1 RNA coding for the Gag polyprotein that was highly conserved across diverse HIV-1 genomes and particularly accessible to a ribozyme. An shRNA targeting this site was also shown to be a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 production from diverse strains. Several studies have shown that the gene silencing effects of siRNAs and shRNAs are highly dependent on their lengths. While optimal lengths have been proposed, conflicting results suggest that empirical data is required to identify the best format for any particular target site. Using the target site identified in our previous study, we designed siRNAs and shRNAs with different lengths to identify the optimal therapeutic format for further development. Symmetrical and asymmetrical siRNAs, with intended sense-strand lengths of 17 to 29 bases, showed a similar trend in potency against HIV-1 production and the most effective molecules had sense-strand lengths of 27 and 29 bases. In contrast, shRNAs with stem lengths of 20 and 21 base pairs were most effective, with a gradual decrease in potency as the stem length was increased to 29 base pairs. To compare potential immune stimulation and toxicity of the different siRNAs designed, cellular proliferation and phosphorylation of protein kinase R (PKR) were evaluated in HEK293T and MCF7 cells. While phosphorylation of PKR was not detected, minor effects on cell proliferation were observed for some siRNAs at concentrations several fold higher compared to their minimum inhibitory concentrations against HIV-1 production in HEK293T cells. Our results are consistent with reports suggesting that longer siRNAs are more potent compared to their sequence matched canonical formats; however, a standard longer siRNA format, with a 25 base pair sense-strand, was not long enough to observe an increase in potency over canonical formats. Our results also suggest that for certain target sites, there is no correlation between the optimal length of siRNAs and shRNAs. Overall, our results highlight the importance of obtaining empirical data on the optimal si/shRNA format for any particular target site, and provide a set of optimized molecules targeting the Gag coding sequence of HIV-1 RNA for further development.
Personalized Natural Language Understanding (2016)

Natural language understanding (NLU) is one of the critical components of dialog systems. Its aim is to extract semantic meaning from typed text input or the spoken text coming out of the speech recognizer. Traditionally, NLU systems are built in a user-independent fashion, where the system behavior does not adapt to the user. However, personal information can be very useful for language understanding tasks, if it is made available to the system. With personal digital assistant (PDA) systems, many forms of personal data are readily available for the NLU systems to make the models and the system more personal. In this paper, we propose a method to personalize language understanding models by making use of the personal data with privacy respected and protected. We report experiments on two domains for intent classification and slot tagging, where we achieve significant accuracy improvements compared to the baseline models that are trained in a user independent manner.
Study of the Flow Temperature and Ring Design Influence on the Response of a New Reduced-Size Calorimetric Cell for Nuclear Heating Quantification (2018)

This paper concerns experimental studies of different designs of a new compact calorimetric cell under laboratory conditions. This kind of cell is used for the measurement of the nuclear heating rate inside Material Testing Reactors thanks to differential calorimetry. The results, obtained by applying an operating protocol corresponding to a preliminary out-of-pile calibration step, are presented for three designs. The influence of the horizontal-fin design is shown on the calibration curve and the sensor sensitivity. The influence of the external fluid flow temperature is given for the quarter design. The different responses of the calorimetric cell are explained by taken into account a 1D analytical thermal model coupling thermal conductive and radiative transfers.
Characterization of nerve growth factor-dependent herpes simplex virus latency in neurons in vitro (1988)

Primary sympathetic neuronal cultures were maintained for up to 5 weeks after inoculation with herpes simplex virus (HSV) without evidence of viral infection. Treatment with acyclovir for the first 7 days after viral inoculation prevented lytic infections in 100% of the cultures and resulted in viral latency in 100% of the cultures; reactivation occurred as the result of nerve growth factor (NGF) deprivation. Treatment of the cultures with several different inhibitors of viral DNA polymerase (acyclovir, aphidicolin, and phosphonoacetic acid) for 7 days after viral inoculation did not prevent the establishment of latency, which suggests that viral DNA replication was not required. During the latent phase of the infection, viral antigens were not detected with HSV-specific immunohistochemistry. However, 24 h after NGF deprivation, viral antigens were detected in essentially all of the neurons, indicating that the majority of neurons harbored latent HSV. The establishment of latency was not strain or type specific since latency was established with HSV type 2 and four strains of HSV type 1 and reactivation occurred in response to NGF deprivation.
Hybrid tenso-vectorial compressive sensing for hyperspectral imaging (2016)

Hyperspectral imaging has a wide range of applications relying on remote material identification, including astronomy, mineralogy, and agriculture; however, due to the large volume of data involved, the complexity and cost of hyperspectral imagers can be prohibitive. The exploitation of redundancies along the spatial and spectral dimensions of a hyperspectral image of a scene has created new paradigms that overcome the limitations of traditional imaging systems. While compressive sensing (CS) approaches have been proposed and simulated with success on already acquired hyperspectral imagery, most of the existing work relies on the capability to simultaneously measure the spatial and spectral dimensions of the hyperspectral cube. Most real-life devices, however, are limited to sampling one or two dimensions at a time, which renders a significant portion of the existing work unfeasible. We propose a new variant of the recently proposed serial hybrid vectorial and tensorial compressive sensing (HCS-S) algorithm that, like its predecessor, is compatible with real-life devices both in terms of the acquisition and reconstruction requirements. The newly introduced approach is parallelizable, and we abbreviate it as HCS-P. Together, HCS-S and HCS-P comprise a generalized framework for hybrid tenso-vectorial compressive sensing, or HCS for short. We perform a detailed analysis that demonstrates the uniqueness of the signal reconstructed by both the original HCS-S and the proposed HCS-P algorithms. Last, we analyze the behavior of the HCS reconstruction algorithms in the presence of measurement noise, both theoretically and experimentally.
Optimal Parallel Error-Diffusion Dithering (1999)

Error diffusion dithering is a technique that is used to represent a grayscale image on a printer, a computer monitor or other bi-level displays. For a number of years it was believed that error diffusion algorithms can not be parallelized. On this paper we present a simple error-diffusion parallel algorithm that can be easily implemented on parallel computers that contain linear arrays of processing elements. It can also be implemented easily on specialized hardware. One of the advantages of our algorithm is its low implementation cost, its scalability, and its ability to benefit from standard fault-tolerance techniques.
Etanercept With IVIg for Acute Kawasaki Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial (2019)

Etanercept showed no significant benefit in IVIg resistance in the entire population. However, preplanned analyses showed benefit in patients >1 year. Importantly, etanercept appeared to ameliorate CA dilation, particularly in patients with baseline abnormalities.
Antibacterial Surfaces on Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene; Penicillin Attachment (2007)

Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) was chemically modified to retard the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This was accomplished by microwave plasma reactions in the presence of maleic anhydride (MA) to create acid functional groups on ePTFE surfaces, followed by esterification reactions with 200 and 600 molecular weight linear polyethylene glycol (PEG). Such surfaces were utilized for further reactions with penicillin (PEN) through etherification reactions to create anti-microbial surfaces. These reactions resulted in surface morphological changes, and spectroscopic analysis using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) revealed the formation of ester linkages resulting from reactions between PEN and PEG functionalities. Antibacterial activities were evaluated by a series of experiments where PEN-modified ePTFE specimens were immersed in a liquid aureus culture, and the bacteria growth was quantified by measuring % absorbance of the suspension at 600 nm wavelength. The lowest absorbance was observed for the solution containing PEN-PEG-MA-ePTFE specimens, thus showing highly effective anti-bacterial activity toward gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. To our best knowledge, this is the first study that shows PEN-ePTFE surface modifications that are effective against gram-positive aureus bacteria.