gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning Multilevel Dictionaries for Compressed Sensing Using Discriminative Clustering (2012)

The performance of sparse recovery using compressed measurements improves when dictionaries learned from training data are used in place of predefined dictionaries. In this paper, we propose to learn incoherent multilevel dictionaries using discriminative clustering in each level. To this end, we present the discriminative K-lines clustering that iterates between identifying the cluster centers and computing the discriminant directions. A scheme for computing representations using the proposed dictionary is also developed. Simulation results for compressed sensing using standard images demonstrate that incorporating incoherence in the dictionary results in improved recovery performance. Furthermore, we implement the proposed algorithms as part of a sparse representations toolbox for the J-DSP software package.
Identification and Validation of a PD-L1 Binding Peptide for Determination of PDL1 Expression in Tumors (2017)

Blocking the interaction between Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and its receptor, PD-1, is an effective method of treating many types of cancers. Certain tumors overexpress PD-L1, causing host immune cells that express PD-1 to bind PD-L1 and cease killing the tumor. Inhibition of PD-L1 and PD-1 binding can restore host immunity towards tumor killing, and many new drugs have been developed to target this interaction. Current methods of PD-L1 diagnosis have shown to vary based on the antibody, detection kit brand, antigen retrieval method, and clinically defined methods by the FDA. To refine detection of PD-L1, we have identified a peptide, RK-10, and used it to detect PD-L1 expressing tumors with immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Flow cytometry was performed on cell lines and patient tissues using a fluorescent peptide (RK-10-Cy5). Immunohistochemistry using a biotin-modified peptide (RK-10-Biotin) was tested against the FDA-approved SP263 clone on biopsied patient tissues. For this study, we evaluated specificity of RK-10 using IHC in over 200 patient tissues, including NSCLC and Hodgkin's Lymphoma. RK-10 shows staining in the tumor regions of FFPE tissues where the SP263 kit does not. RK-10-Cy5 peptide also demonstrates PD-L1 detection in NSCLC, breast, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
Virtual and experimental high throughput screening identifies a proteasome inhibitor highly selective for inducing apoptosis of cancer cells over normal cells (2006)

2202 The fact that many proapoptotic proteins are degraded by the proteasome prompted the development of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) as anticancer drugs. Although the PI Velcade has been approved for the treatment of multiple myeloma, the search for PIs with lower toxicities to normal cells continues. To this end, we have screened about 3000 compounds from the NCI against the chymotrypsin-like activity of the 20S proteasome. One of the confirmed hits PI-301 inhibits the proteasome chymotrypsin activity of cancer but not normal cells (IC50 of 2μM) and accumulates two major substrates of the proteasome, the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the CDK inhibitor p27kip. Importantly, in 3 sets of cancer cell lines with their normal counterparts from breast, pancreatic and ovarian origin, PI-301 inhibited proliferation and induced apoptosis in the cancer cells but not in the normal counterparts. Therefore, we have identified a novel PI which is highly selective for cancer cells and is non-toxic to normal cells.
Guided Modes in a Waveguide Filled With a Pair of Single-Negative (SNG), Double-Negative (DNG), and/or Double-Positive (DPS) Layers (2004)

Here we present the results of our theoretical analysis for guided modes in parallel-plate waveguides filled with pairs of parallel layers made of any two of the following materials: (1) a material with negative real permittivity, but positive real permeability (epsilon-negative); (2) a material with negative real permeability, but positive real permittivity (mu-negative); (3) a material with both negative real permittivity and permeability (double-negative); and (4) a conventional material with both positive real permittivity and permeability (double-positive) in a given range of frequency. Salient properties of these guided modes are studied in terms of how these materials and their parameters are chosen to be paired, and are then compared and contrasted with those of the guided modes in conventional waveguides. Special features such as monomodality in thick waveguides and presence of TE modes with no-cutoff thickness in thin parallel-plate waveguides are highlighted and discussed. Physical insights and intuitive justifications for the mathematical findings are also presented.
A Principle of Deposition of Ultra Low and Uniform Stress Absorber for X-Ray Mask (1997)

We investigate the deposition of ultra low and uniform stress absorbers for highly accurate X-ray masks. We calculate the maximum overlay error between two masks having different absorber coverages as parameters of absorber stress peak-to-valley (pv) value and distribution shape in order to establish the criteria of absorber stress, which suggested that less than 10 and 6 MPa uniformity was required for 30 and 50 mm windows respectively to achieve the mask overlay of less than 5 nm. Then we perform several experiments to optimize the sputtering conditions from the viewpoint of the geometric relation between a sputtering target and mask substrates. We observe that the target-substrate (T-S) distance in the axial direction changes only the average stress, but does not affect the uniformity, while the T-S distance in the parallel direction affects both the average and distribution. A very uniform stress absorber of ±3 MPa for a 25 mm square area is deposited 60 mm away from the target center. From further experiments, we establish a simple but important principle that the linear stress distribution on the stage deposited without rotation cancels out by rotating the substrate, and as a result the absorber stress becomes sufficiently uniform.
Use of<i>Escherichia coli</i>Polyphosphate Kinase for Oligosaccharide Synthesis (1998)

The Escherichia coli polyphosphate kinase (PPK) has been known to catalyze the reversible transfer of phosphate molecules between ATP and polyphosphate (poly(P)). It has also been found that the PPK catalyzes the kination of not only ADP but also other nucleoside diphosphates (NDPs) using poly(P) as a phosphate donor, yielding nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs). We used the PPK and poly(P) in place of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenol pyruvate for NTP regeneration followed by synthesis of sugar nucleotides in a cyclic synthesis system for oligosaccharides. It was confirmed that the PPK efficiently catalyzed the UTP regeneration in the cyclic system of N-acetyllactosamine synthesis. This novel activity of PPK enables us to perform the practical synthesis of oligosaccharides.
Sub-100 fs pulses at watt-level powers from a dissipative-soliton fiber laser (2009)

We report a mode-locked fiber laser that exploits dissipative-soliton pulse shaping along with cladding pumping for high average power. The laser generates 31 nJ chirped pulses at 70 MHz repetition rate, for an average power of 2.2 W. After dechirping outside the laser, 80 fs pulses, with 200 kW peak power, are obtained.
Generation Mechanism of Heat Flows near the Stack as a Prime Mover in a Thermoacoustic Cooling System (2004)

Temperature variations in a thermoacoustic cooling system consisting of a loop-tube were investigated. The heat flows were discussed using observation results of the temperature variations in the tube. The regenerator, stack 1, was employed as a prime mover and stack 2 as a heat pump. At the cooling point, on the stack 2, the temperature decrease of 22°C was confirmed. Heat flows did not appear in the location far from the stack 1 except near the stack 2. On the other hand, heat flows induced by the sound energy flow and acoustic streaming, appeared near the stack 1. The sound energy flow was caused by the thermoacoustic effect. The directions of the sound energy flow and heat flow were opposite, according to the energy conservation law. In the loop-tube, the strong nonlinearity was observed in the generated sound, and the acoustic streaming was induced.
Development of High Sensitivity Coriolis Flowmeter by Acceleration Sensors (2005)

We investigate the possibility of further improvement of sensitivity by adopting acceleration sensors. A flow tube has been fabricated and subjected to basic experiments in order to confirm the characteristics of the measurement system.
Human Mismatch Repair Genes and Their Association with Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colon Cancer (1994)

Hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) may affect up to 1 in 200 people in industrialized nations (Bishop and Thomas 1990; Lynch et al. 1991, 1993; Peltomaki et al. 1993b). Four genes have been identified in which inherited mutations appear to cause HNPCC. hMSH2 on chromosome 2p21–22 appears to account for up to 60% of HNPCC (Fishel et al. 1993; Leach et al. 1993; Sandkuijl and Bishop 1993; Nystrom-Lahti et al. 1994), hMLH1 on chromosome 3p21 appears to account for up to 30% of HNPCC (Bronner et al. 1994; Nystrom-Lahti et al. 1994; Papadopoulos et al. 1994), and hPMS1 on chromosome 2q31–33 and hPMS2 on chromosome 7p21 may account for 5% of HNPCC (Nicolaides et al. 1994).
<title>Recent developments in the use of plastic optical fiber for an embedded wear sensor</title> (1999)

This paper describes recent developments of a practical, low cost embedded plastic optical fiber (POF) wear sensor system for the condition based maintenance of external outboard water lubricated bearings aboard U.S. Navy Ships. The benefit of this measurement system over the status quo is the ability to remotely monitor bearing wear. The Embedded Wear Sensor system (Navy invention disclosure #78,570) features a sacrificial wear fiber embedded into the nitrile rubber bearing. This fiber may also act as a conduit for the transmission of pressure and temperature data that may be resolved into alignment data. The authors selected a commercially-off-the- shelf plastic fiber for the sensor because of its material compatibility with the nitrile rubber bearing staves in terms of flexural modulus and wear properties. Presented herein is a description of the system concept, the results of non-linear finite element analysis, market survey of POF, mold studies, small scale prototyping and abrasive wear testing. A description of the sensor concept and the results of the preliminary finite element analysis of the bearing stave geometry are presented. Preliminary results of molding and glue bonding POF in nitrile rubber and then abrasive wear testing indicate that this is a viable concept.
The Potential Use of Monoclonal Antibodies as Therapeutic Modalities in Neonatal Infection (1992)

Group B streptococcal (GBS) and Escherichia coli infections are serious problems in human neonates. It is estimated that 11,000 cases of neonatal GBS disease occur per year in the US, resulting in 2600 deaths (1). In most series, GBS and E. coli account for approximately equal numbers of cases of neonatal sepsis and meningitis. Thus, over 20,000 cases of neonatal disease and 4000–5000 deaths occur per year owing to these two major bacterial pathogens. Approximately one-half of the survivors suffer significant sequelae. Thus, neonatal sepsis and meningitis are major health problems in this as well as in other countries throughout the world. Attempts have been made to improve methods for detecting and treating or preventing these infections, but to date these have not gained wide enough use to affect the problem significantly. The lack of opsonic antibody in human neonates is one major risk factor for the development of bacterial infection (2,3). In 1978, we (4) showed that the administration of fresh whole-blood transfusions, containing opsonic antibody, could be effective in decreasing mortality from GBS infection in human neonates. It was impossible to predict, however, whether blood donors would possess antibody to the bacterial strains causing infection. Furthermore, blood transfusion has significant risks, including transmission of infectious agents, such as hepatitis, cytomega- lovirus, and, more recently, the human immunodeficiency virus. Because of these problems, our group as well as others began to explore the possibility of using intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the therapy of experimental neonatal infection (5,6). These preparations had reasonable activity against less virulent GBS and E. coli strains, but almost no activity against more virulent strains, which produce or contain an excess of sialic acid in type-specific GBS or E. coli Kl antigens (7,8). Furthermore, significant lot-to-lot variation in antibody concentrations among the available IVIG preparations was detected (9). For these reasons, our group turned to the developing technology of making hybridoma antibodies as a way of producing more efficacious preparations for use in neonatal bacterial infection.
Real-Time Pore Pressure and Fracture-Pressure Determination in All Sedimentary Lithologies (1995)

Summary Pore pressure and fracture gradient are the two natural limits that exert the greatest influence on drilling costs and safety. Traditional empirical "pore pressure" models are limited to one lithology type (shale) and rely on incorporating petrophysical or drilling data vs. depth trend lines. We describe a new method that quantifies the effective-stress law, p = S − σv. This method uses petrophysical data (gamma ray, resistivity, density) and mineralogic stress/strain relationships to calculate pore pressure and fracture gradient, on a foot-by-foot basis, through all sedimentary rock types. Cretaceous marls and limestones have proven to be an obstacle for traditional pore-pressure evaluation methods. With numbers of high-pressure exploration wells in the North Sea Central graben increasing, there is a need for a better understanding of pressures through the Cretaceous and into the pressured formations below. This effective-stress-law method, which is used to determine pore pressure/fracture gradient, has been tested successfully in the complex limestone/shale and sandstone-shale sequences of the North Sea as an aid to well planning and real-time drilling operations decision making by use of measurement while drilling (MWD) petrophysical data. This method has recently been used successfully on two Central graben wells. BP drilled a high pressure/high temperature (HPHT) well in the second quarter of 1993 and used on-site pore pressure and fracture gradient (PP/FG) calculations, along with other more traditional pore-pressure methods, to help set an intermediate casing string at an optimum depth. We discuss results of these case studies and technical content of this pore-pressure method.
Optically Driven Q-Switches For Lasers (1994)

Optically driven Q-switches for pulsed lasers proposed, taking place of acousto-optical, magneto-optical, and electro-optical switches. Optical switching beams of proposed Q-switching most likely generated in pulsed diode lasers or light-emitting diodes, outputs of which are amplitude-modulated easily by direct modulation of relatively small input currents. Energy efficiencies exceed those of electrically driven Q-switches.
Spray Atomization and Deposition (1996)

Overview. Historical Perspective and Current Status of Development. Atomization. Heat Transfer and Solidification of Droplets. Deposition. Spray Deposition Processing of Composites. Physical and Mechanical Properties of Spray--deposited Materials. Diagnosis and Characterization Techniques. References. Indexes.
Breaking the Passivation: Sodium Borohydride Synthesis by Reacting Hydrated Borax with Aluminum (2021)

A significant obstacle in the large-scale applications of sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub> ) for hydrogen storage is its high cost. Herein, we report a new method to synthesize NaBH<sub>4</sub> by ball milling hydrated sodium tetraborate (Na<sub>2</sub> B<sub>4</sub> O<sub>7</sub> ⋅ 10H<sub>2</sub> O) with low-cost Al or Al<sub>88</sub> Si<sub>12</sub> , instead of Na, Mg or Ca. An effective strategy is developed to facilitate mass transfer during the reaction by introducing NaH to enable the formation of NaAlO<sub>2</sub> instead of dense Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> on Al surface, and by using Si as a milling additive to prevent agglomeration and also break up passivation layers. Another advantage of this process is that hydrogen in Na<sub>2</sub> B<sub>4</sub> O<sub>7</sub> ⋅ 10H<sub>2</sub> O serves as a hydrogen source for NaBH<sub>4</sub> generation. Considering the low cost of the starting materials and simplicity in operation, our studies demonstrate the potential of producing NaBH<sub>4</sub> in a more economical way than the commercial process.
Evaluation of an Adenoviral Vector Encoding Full-Length Human Factor VIII in Hemophiliac Mice (1999)

Adenoviral vectors provide a promising gene therapy system for the treatment of hemophilia A. Potent vectors encoding a human factor VIII (FVIII) cDNA were developed that mediated sustained FVIII expression in normal and hemophiliac mice and complete phenotypic correction of the bleeding disorder in hemophiliac mice and dogs (Connelly and Kaleko, Haemophilia 1998; 4: 380-8). However, these studies utilized vectors encoding a truncated version of the human FVIII cDNA lacking the B-domain (BDD FVIII). In this work, an adenoviral vector encoding the human full-length (FL) FVIII cDNA was generated and characterized. While functional FL FVIII was secreted in vitro, expression of the FL protein was not detected in the plasma of vector-treated hemophiliac mice. Unexpectedly, the FL FVIII vector-treated animals demonstrated phenotypic correction of the bleeding defect as measured by a tail-clip survival study. FL FVIII protein was visualized in the mouse livers using human FVIII-specific immunohistochemical analyses. These data demonstrate that adenoviral vector-mediated in vivo expression of BDD FVIII is more efficient than that of the FL protein and that phenotypic correction can occur in the absence of detectable levels of FVIII.
Axially and transversally super-resolved imaging and ranging with random aperture coding (2008)

In this paper we present a new approach allowing improved imaging capabilities while using imaging lenses with higher tolerances to fabrication errors. The idea is to attach a random phase to the aperture plane of the imaging lens, which generates a random phase in the optical transfer function distribution. This phase is a priori known and it is very much dependent on the range to the object. The randomness of this phase allows simultaneously increasing the depth of focus as well as estimating the range to the various objects in the field of view of the imager. In addition it allows increasing the geometrical resolution of the imager by orthogonal coding of the spatial spectral bands prior to their folding due to the under-sampling by the detector (aliased information).
Synthesis and mechanical properties of para‐aramid nanofibers (2019)

ABSTRACT Scalable, bottom‐up chemical synthesis and electrospinning of novel Cl ‐ substituted poly( para ‐phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) nanofibers are herein reported. To achieve Cl‐PPTA nanofibers, the chemical reaction between the monomers was precisely controlled, and dissolution of the polymer into solvent was tailored to enable anisotropic solution formation and sufficient entanglement molecular weight. Electrospinning processing parameters were studied to understand their effects on fiber formation and mat morphology and then optimized to yield consistently high quality fibers. Importantly, the control of relative humidity during the fiber formation process was found to be critical, likely because water promotes hydrogen bond formation between the PPTA chains. The fiber and mat morphologies resulting from different combinations of chemistry and spinning conditions were observed using scanning electron microscopy, and observations were used as inputs to the optimization process. Tensile properties of single Cl‐PPTA nanofibers were characterized for the first time using a nanomanipulator mounted inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and fiber moduli measuring up to 70 GPa, and strengths exceeding 1 GPa were achieved. Given the excellent mechanical properties measured for the nanofibers, this chemical synthesis procedure and electrospinning protocol appear to be a promising route for producing a new class of nanofibers with ultrahigh strength and stiffness. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2019 , 57 , 563–573
30 GHz Linear High-Resolution and Rapid Millimeter Wave Imaging System for NDE (2013)

High-resolution millimeter-wave imaging for nondestructive testing applications offers certain unique and practical advantages. Traditionally, imaging for this purpose is performed by raster scanning a single probe/antenna across a two-dimensional (2D) grid. Raster scanning requires bulky, slow and expensive scanning platforms, in addition to being a slow process. Utilizing an array of probes significantly reduces these limitations. This paper presents the design of a linear one-dimensional millimeter wave imaging array operating at 30 GHz and capable of rapid image production. The imaging array is 150 mm long, operates in quasi-mono-static reflection mode, and provides coherent vector reflection coefficient data for generating high spatial resolution synthetic aperture radar images. This imaging array performs fast electronic scan along one dimension and may be readily moved along the other direction to produce 2D images, greatly reducing the required scan time compared to raster scanning. The design and utility of this imaging array along with several imaging examples are presented in this paper.
Analysis of a thermally enhanced ball grid array package (2002)

A thermally enhanced ball grid array package (SuperBGA package) has been developed. Its thermal performance has been analyzed using a non-linear, lumped-parameter model. This model uses a temperature-dependent heat transfer coefficient which accounts for the natural, mixed, and forced convection regimes and radiative heat transfer. The accuracy of the model was verified experimentally using one package size. The model was then used to predict the thermal performance of other package sizes and to rationalize the high level of thermal performance exhibited by the package.
A Study on Anti-collision Algorithm in Gen2 Protocol Based RFID Systems (2006)

RFID technology, as one contact-less identification technology with using electronic tag, is the field where its multiple researches have been studied. Especially, in the field of supply chain management, when it is necessary to identify a lot of objects by real-time, performance of anti-collision algorithm for multiple tag identification has an effect on performance of entire system. GEN2 is global, open, interoperability protocol for UHF RFID system, the active researches and developments are processed about it. In this paper, we introduce an anti-collision algorithm based on Slotted-ALOHA for GEN2 protocol, focus on estimating number of tags and setting number of slots and review the previous works. We propose new scheme that can estimate number of tags efficiently, and define system efficiency newly when it's used in setting number of slots. We also present result of compare and analysis with previous scheme through simulation. The proposed scheme of estimating number of tags is easy to implement, number of tags which is less than 4 times of number of slots can estimate tags efficiently, we also proved that identification efficiency based on weighted-slot distinguished with definition of previous slot efficiency can improve system efficiency.