gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel multi-core fibers for mode division multiplexing: proposal and design principle (2009)

We propose a new type of optical fiber called homogeneous multi-core fiber (MCF) to drastically increase the transmission capacity of single fiber using the mode-division multiplexing. In this MCF, identical cores are closely arranged so that the cores are strongly coupled to each other to form coupled modes, each of which corresponds to a transmission channel. A novel mode multi/demultiplexer is proposed to discriminate each coupled mode. To rearrange cores to match the mode multi/demultiplexer, a hybrid configuration of coupled homogeneous with uncoupled heterogeneous multi-core is proposed. An example of hybrid configuration is designed so that the cross-talk becomes sufficiently small.
A polymorphic motif in the small subunit of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase modulates interactions between the small and large subunits (2004)

The heterotetrameric, allosterically regulated enzyme, adenosine-5'-diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch synthesis. Despite vast differences in allosteric properties and a long evolutionary separation, heterotetramers of potato small subunit and maize large subunit have activity comparable to either parent in an Escherichia coli expression system. In contrast, co-expression of maize small subunit with the potato large subunit produces little activity as judged by in vivo activity stain. To pinpoint the region responsible for differential activity, we expressed chimeric maize/potato small subunits in E. coli. This identified a 55-amino acid motif of the potato small subunit that is critical for glycogen production when expressed with the potato large subunit. Potato and maize small subunit sequences differ at five amino acids in this motif. Replacement experiments revealed that at least four amino acids of maize origin were required to reduce staining. An AGPase composed of a chimeric potato small subunit containing the 55-amino acid maize motif with the potato large subunit exhibited substantially less affinity for the substrates, glucose-1-phosphate and ATP and an increased Ka for the activator, 3-phosphoglyceric acid. Placement of the potato motif into the maize small subunit restored glycogen synthesis with the potato large subunit. Hence, a small polymorphic motif within the small subunit influences both catalytic and allosteric properties by modulating subunit interactions.
A low-output-impedance fully differential op amp with large output swing and continuous-time common-mode feedback (1991)

A fully differential (zero common-mode voltage) op amp has been developed which has low output impedance, but unlike source-follower output stages, it has a large output swing, namely, 8 V/sub p-p/ for 1-k Omega load and a 5-V supply. The output stage, which is a combination of common-source and source-follower stages, is driven by the two complimentary outputs of the differential-output input stage. A continuous-time common-mode feedback circuit has been used, which due to the op amp's low output impedance, causes negligible open-loop gain (95 dB) degradation. Floating compensation capacitors are used in order to reduce the capacitance value and, hence, the area (490 mil/sup 2/).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Simultaneous detection of eight avian influenza A virus subtypes by multiplex reverse transcription-PCR using a GeXP analyser (2018)

Recent studies have demonstrated that at least eight subtypes of avian influenza virus (AIV) can infect humans, including H1, H2, H3, H5, H6, H7, H9 and H10. A GeXP analyser-based multiplex reverse transcription (RT)-PCR (GeXP-multiplex RT-PCR) assay was developed in our recent studies to simultaneously detect these eight AIV subtypes using the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The assay consists of chimeric primer-based PCR amplification with fluorescent labelling and capillary electrophoresis separation. RNA was extracted from chick embryo allantoic fluid or liquid cultures of viral isolates. In addition, RNA synthesised via in vitro transcription was used to determine the specificity and sensitivity of the assay. After selecting the primer pairs, their concentrations and GeXP-multiplex RT-PCR conditions were optimised. The established GeXP-multiplex RT-PCR assay can detect as few as 100 copies of premixed RNA templates. In the present study, 120 clinical specimens collected from domestic poultry at live bird markets and from wild birds were used to evaluate the performance of the assay. The GeXP-multiplex RT-PCR assay specificity was the same as that of conventional RT-PCR. Thus, the GeXP-multiplex RT-PCR assay is a rapid and relatively high-throughput method for detecting and identifying eight AIV subtypes that may infect humans.
Model-based optic nerve head segmentation on retinal fundus images (2011)

The optic nerve head (optic disc) plays an important role in the diagnosis of retinal diseases. Automatic localization and segmentation of the optic disc is critical towards a good computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system. In this paper, we propose a method that combines edge detection, the Circular Hough Transform and a statistical deformable model to detect the optic disc from retinal fundus images. The algorithm was evaluated against a data set of 325 digital color fundus images, which includes both normal images and images with various pathologies. The result shows that the average error in area overlap is 11.3% and the average absolute area error is 10.8%, which outperforms existing methods. The result indicates a high correlation with ground truth segmentation and thus demonstrates a good potential for this system to be integrated with other retinal CAD systems.
<title>Adaptive digital access protocol: new features and performance improvements</title> (1996)

This paper reports on a broadband multiple access protocol for bi-directional hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) networks. Referred to here as the enhanced adaptive digital access protocol (ADAPt+<SUP>TM</SUP>), it builds upon earlier work to define a medium access control (MAC) protocol amenable to a multiple service environment supporting subscriber access in HFC networks with tree and branch topologies. ADAPt+ efficiently supports different access modes such as synchronous transfer mode (STM), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), and variable length (VL) native data (e.g., IP, IPX). This enhanced protocol adapts to changing demands for a mix of circuit- and packet-mode applications, and efficiently allocates upstream and downstream bandwidth to isochronous and bursty traffic sources. This paper describes: ADAPt+ for upstream communication and multiplexing/demultiplexing for downstream communication; its applicability to STM, ATM and other native data applications; and performance attributes such as bandwidth efficiency and latency.
Polystyrene grafted polyvinylidenefluoride copolymers with high capacitive performance (2011)

Electroactive materials are of great interest for high performance capacitive behavior due to their relaxed ferroelectric properties. In this work, we studied the dielectric properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) grafted with polystyrene (PS) by electron beam radiation induced free radical graft copolymerization reaction in solution. The dielectric constant of polystyrene grafted PVDF copolymers reaches about 90 at 100 Hz at room temperature representing more than seven times increment compared with the pristine PVDF matrix. The dielectric loss of 0.005 at 1 KHz can be achieved. Correlation of the dielectric properties with the graft copolymerization reaction mechanism was discussed. This route represents one of the most effective techniques to synthesize potential graft copolymers with desirable dielectric properties in a wide frequency range for energy storage applications.
Toxicity and Behavioral Effects of Nootkatone, 1,10-Dihydronootkatone, and Tetrahydronootkatone to the Formosan Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (2004)

Toxicity and behavioral effects of nootkatone and two of its derivatives, 1,10-dihydronootkatone and tetrahydronootkatone, to Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were investigated on workers from two different colonies by using topical application assays, repellency assays, and sand barrier assays. The acute toxicity of the nootkatones on workers from both colonies increased as the saturation of the molecule increased, but the difference was significant for only one colony. The results of the repellency assays showed a similar trend of efficiency; the threshold concentration for significant repellency was four-fold higher in nootkatone treatments (50 ppm) than in the reduced derivatives 1,10-dihydronootkatone or tetrahydronootkatone (12.5 ppm). In sand barrier assays, a concentration of 100 ppm of any of the three chemicals significantly reduced termite survival, tunnel building, and food consumption after a 12-d exposure. Termites preexposed to 100 ppm nootkatone-treated sand and placed in containers without nootkatone for 15 d continued to exhibit abnormal feeding and digging behaviors; survivorship, tunneling, and feeding activities were significantly reduced by 83.5, 63.2, and 95.4%, respectively. Termites pretreated for 12 d at concentrations of 50 and 75 ppm nootkatone and tetrahydronootkatone returned to normal digging activity after they were removed from the treatments, but their feeding activity was significantly reduced.
Power Networks: The Digital Approach (2016)

In the current analog grid, power is available at all times, to all users, indiscriminately. This makes the grid vulnerable to demand fluctuations and much effort has been invested to mitigate their effect. The Digital Power Network (DPN) is an energy-on-demand approach to power grids. In the new (digital) approach, the user initiates an energy request. This action alleviates uncertainties in energy demands. The service provider may grant the request fully or partially. Energy is then transmitted in discrete units, analogous to packets of data over a computer network. The packetized energy is routed to the user address. Because energy demands are known ahead of time, the energy provider may optimize the power distribution of the entire power network and isolate pockets of instabilities. For example, under severe energy constraints the energy provider may queue some energy requests and grant these requests later. Alternative energy resources may be seamlessly incorporated into the power network as yet another address in the system and since their energy is coded, they would be connected to specific users directly. In its simplest form, this grid can be realized by overlaying an auxiliary (communication) network on top of an energy delivery network (the current transmission lines) and coupling the two through an array of addressable digital power switches. Optimization of energy requests is the topic of this paper. We investigate the role of the network queue and provide a snapshot of its behavior in time. The DPN with a limited channel capacity and the optimal path for energy flow in a standard IEEE 39 bus are considered, as well.
Synthesis and Herbicidal Activity of Sulfonylureas with Fused Heterocyclic Moiety (1994)

前報においてイミダゾ [1,2-a] ピリジン環またはイミダゾ [2,1-b] チアゾール環を有するスルホニル尿素が水田雑草に対して高い除草活性を示すことを報告した. 本研究では化学構造と除草活性の関係をより明確にすべく, さらに種々の縮合ヘテロ環を導入したスルホニル尿素誘導体の合成を行ない, その除草活性を調べた. これら化合物の合成にあたり, われわれは用いる縮合ヘテロ環の種類によって3種類の異なる反応を利用したスルホニル部分の導入法を開発し, 目的化合物の合成を達成した. 合成された化合物の中でイミダゾ [1,2-b] ピリダジン環, ピラゾロ [1,5-a] ピリミジン環およびピラゾロ [1,5-a] ピリジン環を有するものが水田雑草に対して強い除草活性を示した.
High Prevalence of Human Cytomegalovirus in Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Prostatic Carcinoma (2003)

To our knowledge these data demonstrate for the first time the specific localization of HCMV nucleic acids and proteins in a high percent of PIN and prostate carcinoma lesions, and raise the possibility that HCMV might contribute to the natural history of prostatic cancer.
Kodak phase-change media for optical tape applications (1993)

The SbInSn phase-change write-once optical medium developed by Eastman Kodak Company is particularly suitable for development into the next generation optical tape media. Its performance for optical recording has already been demonstrated in some of the highest performance optical disk systems. Some of the key performance features are presented.
A High-Performance, Low Leakage, and Stable SRAM Row-Based Back-Gate Biasing Scheme in FinFET Technology (2007)

This paper describes back-gate biasing scheme using independent-gate controlled asymmetrical (n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> polysilicon gates) FinFETs devices and its applications to 6-T and 8-T SRAM. Row-based above-VDD/below-GND bias is applied to the back-gates of the access and pull-down cell nFETs to enhance the read/write performance, reduce standby leakage, and mitigate process (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) variability. The application of the technique to stacked read transistors in 8-T SRAM is also discussed.
Proteasome Inhibition in the Treatment of Cancer (2004)

The proteasome is the main extralysosomal system involved in intracellular proteolysis. A number of proteasome substrates, including cyclins, IkappaB, and p53, are critical to cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Interruption of the degradation of these substrates through proteasome inhibition is a novel and unique approach to the treatment of malignancies. First-generation proteasome inhibitors lacked usefulness because of broad specificity and irreversible binding to the proteasome. However, the later synthesis of the peptide boronic acid proteasome inhibitor bortezomib allowed for selective, reversible binding. Basic investigations have reported the antitumor activity of bortezomib in a variety of hematologic and solid tumor models and have demonstrated the ability of bortezomib to enhance chemosensitivity and overcome cellular mechanisms of drug resistance attributable, in part, to abrogation of NF-kappaB induction. In patients with relapsed, refractory multiple myeloma who had received a median of six prior regimens, treatment with bortezomib resulted in a 35% response rate (complete plus partial plus minimal response) using criteria of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Encouraging activity has been demonstrated with bortezomib in the first-line treatment of myeloma and in patients with mantle cell lymphoma. Investigations of its utility in the treatment of patients with solid tumors are ongoing.
Spacecraft Navigation and Timing Using X-ray Pulsars (2011)

Pulsars are unique celestial sources that produce distinctive, periodic signals. Since their discovery, they have been considered as potential navigation aids and timing beacons to form a reference coordinate system and universal time scale. Further study of these astronomical objects has shown that their pulse timing can achieve sub-microsecond level performance, and interest and research into these sources has grown to conceive a fully autonomous navigation and timing system for deep space vehicles. Sources that radiate within the X-ray band of the electromagnetic spectrum have high potential for creating a practical spacecraft navigation solution, which includes accurate time and position determination onboard a space vehicle using the precisely periodic sources, and precise attitude determination using both pulsating and steady sources. This paper provides an overview of spacecraft navigation methods and various research and results that have evolved since the concept of X-ray pulsar-based navigation was first proposed.
Optical modulators for advanced digital coherent transmission systems (2013)

Advanced optical modulators for future digital coherent transmission systems are being explored. In this paper, a dual-carrier modulator for 400-Gbps transmission, a linear IQ modulator suitable for a DAC-based transmitter, and a simple PS-QPSK modulator are reviewed.
Reading Visual Braille with a Retinal Prosthesis (2012)

Retinal prostheses, which restore partial vision to patients blinded by outer retinal degeneration, are currently in clinical trial. The Argus II retinal prosthesis system was recently awarded CE approval for commercial use in Europe. While retinal prosthesis users have achieved remarkable visual improvement to the point of reading letters and short sentences, the reading process is still fairly cumbersome. This study investigates the possibility of using an epiretinal prosthesis to stimulate visual braille as a sensory substitution for reading written letters and words. The Argus II retinal prosthesis system, used in this study, includes a 10 × 6 electrode array implanted epiretinally, a tiny video camera mounted on a pair of glasses, and a wearable computer that processes the video and determines the stimulation current of each electrode in real time. In the braille reading system, individual letters are created by a subset of dots from a 3 by 2 array of six dots. For the visual braille experiment, a grid of six electrodes was chosen out of the 10 × 6 Argus II array. Groups of these electrodes were then directly stimulated (bypassing the camera) to create visual percepts of individual braille letters. Experiments were performed in a single subject. Single letters were stimulated in an alternative forced choice (AFC) paradigm, and short 2-4-letter words were stimulated (one letter at a time) in an open-choice reading paradigm. The subject correctly identified 89% of single letters, 80% of 2-letter, 60% of 3-letter, and 70% of 4-letter words. This work suggests that text can successfully be stimulated and read as visual braille in retinal prosthesis patients.
Novel quinazoline and acetamide derivatives as safe anti-ulcerogenic agent and anti-ulcerative colitis activity (2017)

Two novel quinazoline derivatives named as; 3-[(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-benzylidene)-amino]-2-<i>p-</i>tolyl-3<i>H</i>-quinazolin-4-one (<b>5</b>) and 2-<i>p</i>-Tolyl-3-[3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzylidene-amino]-3<i>H</i>-quinazolin-4-one (<b>6</b>) in addition to one acetamide derivative named as 2-(2-Hydroxycarbonylphenylamino)-<i>N</i>-(4-aminosulphonylphenyl) <b>11</b> were synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-ulcerogenic & Anti-Ulcerative colitis activities. All of the three compounds showed curative activity against acetic acid induced ulcer model at a dose of 50 mg/kg, they produced 65%, 85% & 57.74% curative ratio for compounds <b>5</b>, <b>6</b> & <b>11</b> respectively. The effect of the tested compounds <b>5</b>, <b>6</b> & <b>11</b> at dose 50 mg/kg were significantly (P < 0.01) more effective than dexamesathone (0.1 mg/kg) in reducing all parameters. Compounds showed curative activity of for peptic ulcer (induced by absolute alcohol (at a dose of 50 mg/kg, it produced Curative of control ulcer 56.00%, 61.70% & 87.1% for compounds <b>5</b>, <b>6</b> & <b>11</b> respectively at dose 50 mg/kg, while the standard drug (Omeprazole 20 mg/kg) produced 33.3%. In both tests, the activity of our target compounds were higher than the standard drugs used for treatment of peptic ulcer and ulcerative colitis. No side effects were reported on liver and kidney functions upon prolonged oral administration of this compounds.
Recent Studies on the Synthesis of Anthracycline Antibiotics in our Laboratory. (1992)

Anthracycline antibiotics, represented by daunorubicin and doxorubicin, are important antitumor agents widely used in clinical treatment. Their use is, however, restricted by the cardiotoxic character and other undesirable side-effects. To overcome these drawbacks and expand the utility, many efforts have been made for the past two decades. Recently we have synthesized a compound with strong antitumor activity and weak toxicity, 7-O- (2, 6-dideoxy-2-fluoro-α-L-talopyranosyl) adriamycinone, in which the glycosidic bond is comparatively stable in acid-catalyzed hydrolysis by the presence of highly electronegative fluorine atom at C-2'. This article describes the recent studies on the synthesis of the 2'-fluoroanthracycline antibiotics and their 14, 3', and 4'-substituted derivatives together with structure-activity relationship. It was found that R-configuration at C-2' having the fluorine is requisite to exhibit strong antitumor activity; thus (2'S) -fluoro and 2', 2'-difluoro analogs were devoid of activity. Synthesis of 2'-methoxyl analogs is also described.
Design and development of a soft robot with crawling and grasping capabilities (2012)

This paper describes the design and development of a robot with six soft limbs, with the dual capability of pushing-based locomotion and grasping by wrapping around objects. Specifically, a central platform lodges six silicone limbs, radially distributed, with cables embedded. A new mechanism-specific gait, invariant regarding the number of limbs, has been implemented. Functionally, some limbs provide stability while others push and pull the robot to locomote in the desired direction. Once the robot is close to a target, one limb is elected to wrap around the object and, thanks to the particular limb structure and the soft material, a friction-based grasping is achieved. The robot is inspired by the octopus and implements the key principles of locomotion in this animal, without coping the full body structure. For this reason it works in water, but it is not restricted to this environment. The experiments show the effectiveness of the original solution in locomotion and grasping.
Broadband Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy for Sensitive and Rapid Molecular Detection (2006)

We demonstrate highly efficient cavity ringdown spectroscopy in which a broad-bandwidth optical frequency comb is coherently coupled to a high-finesse optical cavity that acts as the sample chamber. 125,000 optical comb components, each coupled into a specific longitudinal cavity mode, undergo ringdown decays when the cavity input is shut off. Sensitive intracavity absorption information is simultaneously available across 100 nanometers in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions. Real-time, quantitative measurements were made of the trace presence, the transition strengths and linewidths, and the population redistributions due to collisions and the temperature changes for molecules such as C 2 H 2 , O 2 , H 2 O, and NH 3 .
Cell-Free Synthetic Biology Chassis for Nanocatalytic Photon-to-Hydrogen Conversion (2017)

We report on an entirely man-made nano-bio architecture fabricated through noncovalent assembly of a cell-free expressed transmembrane proton pump and TiO<sub>2</sub> semiconductor nanoparticles as an efficient nanophotocatalyst for H<sub>2</sub> evolution. The system produces hydrogen at a turnover of about 240 μmol of H<sub>2</sub> (μmol protein)<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> and 17.74 mmol of H<sub>2</sub> (μmol protein)<sup>-1</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> under monochromatic green and white light, respectively, at ambient conditions, in water at neutral pH and room temperature, with methanol as a sacrificial electron donor. Robustness and flexibility of this approach allow for systemic manipulation at the nanoparticle-bio interface toward directed evolution of energy transformation materials and artificial systems.