gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensing in Coin Discriminators (2007)

This paper describes the technologies used in coin discriminator devices, stressing the improvements and novel mechanisms introduced by the authors in the past few years as a result of the cooperation with one leading company in the vending sector. Emphasis is put on how low-cost sensors are used to characterize coins (or tokens) and discriminate them from their counterfeits.
Binding of recombinant PrP<sup>c</sup> to human plasminogen: Kinetic and thermodynamic study using a resonant mirror biosensor (2004)

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies are a class of sporadic, genetic and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases that affect both humans and animals. Propagation of these diseases is thought to be due to the misfolding of a neuronal glyco-protein, PrP(c), into a pathological insoluble conformer, PrP(Sc). In earlier works, some serum components were identified as exclusive PrP(Sc)-interacting proteins (Fisher et al., Nature 2000;408:479), and thus those macromolecules were thought to represent a potential diagnostic endogenous factor discriminating between normal and pathological prion proteins. In contrast, in agreement with a recent work (Kornblatt et al., Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2003;305:518), in this paper we present a detailed thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of the interaction between recombinant bovine PrP(c 25-242) and the human serum component plasminogen, measured using a resonant mirror technique: our results reveal a high-affinity interaction between the two binding partners. For comparison, the complex obtained from the purified full-length PrP(c) and human plasminogen was also studied: both prion proteins (the recombinant bovine PrP(c 25-242) and the purified full-length PrP(c)) are able to bind human plasminogen. Both kinetic and thermodynamic parameters are affected by the modulation exerted by the H(+) ions in solution. Moreover, the analysis of binding, according to canonical linkage relationships, suggests the involvement of a His residue, consistent with the interaction between other serine (pro)enzymes and their ligands.
Multiple-component covalent organic frameworks (2016)

Covalent organic frameworks are a class of crystalline porous polymers that integrate molecular building blocks into periodic structures and are usually synthesized using two-component [1+1] condensation systems comprised of one knot and one linker. Here we report a general strategy based on multiple-component [1+2] and [1+3] condensation systems that enable the use of one knot and two or three linker units for the synthesis of hexagonal and tetragonal multiple-component covalent organic frameworks. Unlike two-component systems, multiple-component covalent organic frameworks feature asymmetric tiling of organic units into anisotropic skeletons and unusually shaped pores. This strategy not only expands the structural complexity of skeletons and pores but also greatly enhances their structural diversity. This synthetic platform is also widely applicable to multiple-component electron donor-acceptor systems, which lead to electronic properties that are not simply linear summations of those of the conventional [1+1] counterparts.
Histologic Lesions Associated with Intravenous Infusions of Large Volumes of Isotonic Saline Solution in Rats for 30 Days (1997)

The objective of this study was to characterize the changes associated with intravenous infusions of large volumes of isotonic saline solution in rats so that effects of the infusion process could be more easily distinguished from effects of test articles. Male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing approximately 225-275 g at the beginning of the study were given intravenous infusions of isotonic saline solution once daily for 30 consecutive days at dosages of 40 or 80 ml/kg body weight. Saline solution was administered through catheters placed in the caudal veins of the tail according to one of the following regimens: 80 ml/kg at 0.25 ml/min; 80 ml/kg at 0.5 ml/min; 80 ml/kg at 1.0 ml/min; and 40 ml/kg at 1.0 ml/min. Control rats were catheterized but not administered intravenous fluids. One day following the last treatment, all rats were necropsied and major organs were collected in 10% formalin. Histologic lesions associated with treatment included increased incidence and severity of pulmonary periarterial infiltrates of eosinophils, multifocal pulmonary inflammation, pulmonary granulomas that often contained hairshaft fragments, endothelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia within pulmonary arterial vessels, and pulmonary arterial medial thickening. Infiltrates of eosinophils around small pulmonary arteries were more severe in rats given intravenous infusions than in untreated rats and were more severe in rats given isotonic saline at the 80-ml/kg dosage than at the 40-ml/kg dosage. The severity of periarterial infiltrates of eosinophils increased with increasing infusion rates in rats that received 80 ml/kg isotonic saline. Pulmonary granulomas and multifocal pulmonary inflammation were observed in more rats that received intravenous saline than in control rats, but their incidences did not appear to vary with the volume or rate of infusion. Multifocal endothelial hypertrophy and hyperplasia occurred in most rats given isotonic saline solution at all volumes and rates, but not in untreated control rats. Inflammatory lesions in the tail near the injection site were considered sequellae of catheter insertion that, in some instances, may have been exacerbated by intravenous saline infusion. There were no lesions in other organs that were attributable to intravenous infusions of isotonic saline solution.
Optimum Rebalancing of the 3-Hydroxypropionic Acid Production Pathway from Glycerol in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2016)

3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP) can be biologically produced from glycerol by two consecutive enzymatic reactions, dehydration of glycerol to 3-hydroxypropionaldehyde (3-HPA) and oxidation of 3-HPA. The pathway has been proved efficient, but imbalance between the rates of the two enzymatic reactions often results in the accumulation of the toxic 3-HPA, which severely reduces cell viability and 3-HP production. In this study, we used UTR engineering to maximally increase the activities of glycerol dehydratase (GDHt) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for the high conversion of glycerol to 3-HP. Thereafter, the activity of GDHt was precisely controlled to avoid the accumulation of 3-HPA by varying expression of dhaB1, a gene encoding a main subunit of GDHt. The optimally balanced E. coli HGL_DBK4 showed a substantially enhanced 3-HP titer and productivity compared with the parental strain. The yield on glycerol, 0.97 g 3-HP/g glycerol, in a fed-batch experiment, was the highest ever reported.
Theoretical investigation of native defects, impurities, and complexes in aluminum nitride (2002)

We have performed density-functional pseudopotential calculations to investigate the electronic structure, atomic configurations, and formation energies of native point defects and impurities in AlN. For the native defects, the nitrogen vacancy has the lowest formation energy in p-type material and the aluminum vacancy has the lowest formation energy in n-type material. Under n-type conditions the formation energy of the nitrogen vacancy is high, indicating that it will not occur in high concentrations. We find that the nitrogen vacancy exhibits a different behavior in the zinc-blende and wurtzite structures with respect to the higher-lying defect-induced level: in zinc-blende materials, this level is a resonance in the conduction band causing the vacancy to act as a shallow donor, while in wurtzite the level lies well below the conduction-band edge causing the vacancy to act as a deep donor. In the zinc-blende structure we find, in addition, that the aluminum interstitial has a low formation energy in p-type material. The results indicate that these defects could be important compensation centers; we discuss this in relation to the dopant impurities O, Si, and Mg. We also investigate MgO and ${\mathrm{Mg}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ impurity complexes. A comparison between results obtained using the local-density approximation and the generalized-gradient approximation for the exchange-correlation functional shows that the results are qualitatively very similar.
Em busca da América: o Real Maravilhoso como discurso de representação do continente latino-americano (2010)

The study aims to analyze the limits of Magical Realism as a concept and aestheticpolitical discourse of representation in Latin America. The intention is to pursue, in the discussions among the principal exponents of the new Hispanic American narrative, reflections about the identity of the continent. This new narrative that began in the 1950s and has been continuing in the subsequent decades is responsible for promoting an idea of Latin American unity, creating a common sense of what would be the America. Analyze the limits and the political implications of these discourses, as well as the ways that the intellectuals of the 1960s [decade of boom of this new narrative] represent America, the light of historical processes that permeate its writings, is the principal objective of this study.
Construction of a virtual Mycobacterium tuberculosis consensus genome and its application to data from a next generation sequencer (2015)

These results indicated that virtual CS constructed from genome sequence data is an ideal approach as a reference for MTBC studies.
Characterization of the RNA binding proteins forming complexes with a novel putative regulatory region in the 3'-UTR of TNF-alpha mRNA (1998)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a key cytokine regulator of an early immune response and the central mediator of deleterious effects of systemic inflammatory response syndrome. High production of TNF-alpha by macrophages requires two signals: the first signal induces transcription, while the second signal releases the translational repression of TNF-alpha mRNA. The translational control of TNF-alpha expression is conferred by sequences in the 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR) of its mRNA. Previously, we have characterized protein complexes binding to the main AU-rich region in the 3'-UTR of murine TNF-alpha mRNA. Here we describe a second protein binding region which is located 147 bases downstream of the first region and interacts with at least seven distinct protein species present in murine macrophages. The second protein binding motif contains a single AUAUUUAU sequence motif; a mutation of this sequence to AUAGGUAU abrogates the binding of proteins. Some of the macrophage proteins mutually compete for the binding to both regions, while others seem to be region specific. The existence of the two protein binding domains explains the previously published data addressing the translatibility of a reporter gene linked to various deletion mutants of the TNF-alpha 3'-UTR. Both the sequence and position of the two putative protein binding regions are highly conserved across species, indicating their important role in the regulation of translational repression and inducibility of TNF-alpha synthesis.
Nonlinear Optical Chemosensor for Sodium Ion Based on Rhodol Chromophore (2013)

As part of a strategy to identify good fluorescent probes based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), the sensor for sodium cation has been designed bearing a rhodol chromophore linked with an aza-crown ether. An efficient synthetic route to rhodol derivatives possessing five-membered heterocycles at position 9 and their precursors that contain xanthylium salt has been developed. The synthesis involves condensation of xanthylium salts bearing vinamidinium moiety at position 9, with phenylhydrazine derivatives as the key step. To accomplish the synthesis of derivatives bearing 1-aza-15-crown-5 and 1,10-diaza-18-crown-6, the Buchwald-Hartwig reaction has been employed in the final stage. Electronic spectra of all prepared rhodols display strong absorption in the range of 450-550 nm with well-resolved vibronic bands, which maintains its fine structure in a wide range of solvents. The most intensive two-photon absorption (2PA) band in the rhodol spectrum (165 GM), located at shorter wavelengths, matches well with the short-wavelength absorption band in the linear electronic spectrum and is most probably related to the two-photon allowed electronic transition S0→S2. The influence of cation binding on one- and two-photon spectroscopic properties of rhodol linked with 1-aza-15-crown-5 via the phenylpyrazole bridge has been investigated. This probe exhibits high sensitivity and good selectivity for Na(+) in CH3CN. The mechanism involves the complexation of the Na(+) by 1-aza-15-crown-5 in the probe, which induces prominent fluorescence enhancement via quenching of electron-transfer. Interestingly, the complexation with Na(+) led to a significant increase of the 2PA band in the 750-800 nm region (corresponding to a two-photon allowed, one-photon forbidden transition) for rhodol bearing 1-aza-15-crown-5, which led to the overall enhancement of the TPEF signal (approximately an order of magnitude). Thus, a turn-on fluorescent probe for sodium ion, which does not respond to many other metal species, has been constructed.
Wear reduction in cutting tools: Tribological properties of hard coatings (2022)

The cutting tool industry has become the pioneer in the use of hard coatings on different types of tools. Hard coatings, which improve the performance and lifetime of cutting tools, have been used for more than 20 years. In the study reported here, performance evaluations were made of high-speed steel and carbide tool inserts that were coated with tungsten disulfide (WS{sub 2}), titanium nitride (TiN), and with TiN and then with WS{sub 2}; uncoated inserts were also evaluated. The aim was to determine whether the WS{sub 2} coating improved tool life and reduced cutting-force requirements. The WS{sub 2}-coated inserts demonstrated significantly lower flank wear than the uncoated inserts. Use of WS{sub 2} also reduced flank and notch wear of uncoated and TiN-coated inserts. The greatest wear reductions were observed for inserts coated with both TiN and WS{sub 2}.
Amplification and lasing at 1.3 μm in praseodymium-doped fluorozirconate fibres (1991)

Light emission from the 1G4 → 3H5 transition around 1.3 μm of Pr3+ has been studied in fluoride glass (ZBLAN) fibres. Pumping at 1064 nm yields extracted laser power of a few mW at 1.294 μm. Gain curves centred at 1.295 μm have been obtained, with gross gains of more than 15dB at 1.319 μm. Changes of the output ASE with pumping conditions are explained by excited state absorption or energy transfer from the 1G4 upper level of the transition.
Lens anatomical principles and their technical implications in cataract surgery Part I: The lens capsule (1991)

Optimal fixation and position of an intraocular lens (IOL) is achieved when it is located in the capsular bag. A peripheral tear from the central opening to the lens periphery is associated with a high incidence of dislocation of at least one loop from within the capsular bag and lens decentration. A central round continuous capsulectomy (capsulorhexis), within the zonule-free area, provides long-term and balanced IOL fixation. To perform a well-controlled capsulectomy, a deep and stable anterior chamber should be maintained throughout the surgery. This is achieved by using a continuous anterior chamber maintainer that regulates the pressure in the anterior chamber. This paper reviews the clinical anatomical guidelines of the lens capsule and the anterior chamber and presents the authors' preferred technique for optimal anterior capsulectomy.
Computerized Axial Tomography in the Detection of Brain Damage: 2. Epilepsy. Migraine, and General Medical Disorders (1980)

The cranial computerized axial tomography (CAT) findings in groups of patients with epilepsy, migraine, hypertension, and other general medical disorders have been reviewed to assess the frequency and patterns of focal and diffuse brain damage. In addition to demonstrating focal lesions in a proportion of patients with seizures and in patients presenting with a stroke, the CAT scan showed a premature degree of cerebral atrophy in an appreciable proportion of patients with long-standing epilepsy, hypertension and diabetes, and in some patients with migraine, valvular and ischaemic, heart disease, chronic obstructive airways disease, and chronic renal failure. The value of CAT as a means of screening for brain damage in groups of individuals at risk is discussed.
Discovery of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the PH Domain Leucine-Rich Repeat Protein Phosphatase (PHLPP) by Chemical and Virtual Screening (2010)

PH domain Leucine-rich repeat protein phosphatase (PHLPP) directly dephosphorylates and inactivates Akt and protein kinase C, poising it as a prime target for pharmacological intervention of two major survival pathways. Here we report on the discovery of small molecule inhibitors of the phosphatase activity of PHLPP, a member of the PP2C family of phosphatases for which there are no general pharmacological inhibitors. First, the Diversity Set of the NCI was screened for inhibition of the purified phosphatase domain of PHLPP2 in vitro. Second, selected libraries from the open NCI database were docked into a virtual model of the phosphatase domain of PHLPP2, previously trained with our experimental data set, unveiling additional inhibitors. Biochemical and cellular assays resulted in the identification of two structurally diverse compounds that selectively inhibit PHLPP in vitro, increase Akt signaling in cells, and prevent apoptosis. Thus, chemical and virtual screening has resulted in the identification of small molecules that promote Akt signaling by inhibiting its negative regulator PHLPP.
Effect of Carbonation Curing on Physical and Durability Properties of Cementitious Materials Containing AOD Slag (2020)

In this study, the physical and durability properties of cementitious materials containing stainless steel argon-oxygen decarburization (AOD) slag were investigated by CO2 curing. Three contents (0, 30, 60%) of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) were replaced with AOD slag. Specimens were cured at four CO2 concentrations and three temperatures. The chloride diffusion coefficient, drying shrinkage, compressive strength, and porosity were measured. The drying shrinkage reduction was proportional to CO2 uptake. The chloride diffusion coefficient increased as contents of the AOD slag increased. At 15% CO2 concentration, the diffusion coefficient was similar to that of the OPC regardless of the AOD slag substitution rate. The durability of cementitious materials mixed with AOD slag can be improved by CO2 curing and can be used in construction.
Current Awareness (2015)

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Enhanced Gender Recognition System Using an Improved Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) Feature from Quality Assessment of Visible Light and Thermal Images of the Human Body (2016)

With higher demand from users, surveillance systems are currently being designed to provide more information about the observed scene, such as the appearance of objects, types of objects, and other information extracted from detected objects. Although the recognition of gender of an observed human can be easily performed using human perception, it remains a difficult task when using computer vision system images. In this paper, we propose a new human gender recognition method that can be applied to surveillance systems based on quality assessment of human areas in visible light and thermal camera images. Our research is novel in the following two ways: First, we utilize the combination of visible light and thermal images of the human body for a recognition task based on quality assessment. We propose a quality measurement method to assess the quality of image regions so as to remove the effects of background regions in the recognition system. Second, by combining the features extracted using the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) method and the measured qualities of image regions, we form a new image features, called the weighted HOG (wHOG), which is used for efficient gender recognition. Experimental results show that our method produces more accurate estimation results than the state-of-the-art recognition method that uses human body images.
Antral Membrane Balloon Elevation (2005)

Many edentulous posterior maxilla are found to be encumbered by alveolar resorption and increased pneumatization of the sinus. These factors limit the quantity and quality of bone necessary for successful implant placement in these areas. One solution is to use shorter implants, but this often results in an unfavorable crown-root ratio. To create an improved environment in such regions, the classic sinus floor elevation with bone augmentation is a well-accepted technique. However, when the edentulous area is limited to a zone between 1 and 2 teeth, lifting the membrane becomes difficult and may subject it to iatrogenic injury. The antral membrane balloon elevation technique, which is introduced in this preliminary report, is a modification of the currently used sinus lift. It elevates the membrane easily and makes the antral floor accessible for augmentation with grafting materials.
Island Loss for Learning Discriminative Features in Facial Expression Recognition (2018)

Over the past few years, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promise on facial expression recognition. However, the performance degrades dramatically under real-world settings due to variations introduced by subtle facial appearance changes, head pose variations, illumination changes, and occlusions. In this paper, a novel island loss is proposed to enhance the discriminative power of deeply learned features. Specifically, the island loss is designed to reduce the intra-class variations while enlarging the inter-class differences simultaneously. Experimental results on four benchmark expression databases have demonstrated that the CNN with the proposed island loss (IL-CNN) outperforms the baseline CNN models with either traditional softmax loss or center loss and achieves comparable or better performance compared with the state-of-the-art methods for facial expression recognition.
Machine Learning Uncovers Food- and Excipient-Drug Interactions (2020)

Inactive ingredients and generally recognized as safe compounds are regarded by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as benign for human consumption within specified dose ranges, but a growing body of research has revealed that many inactive ingredients might have unknown biological effects at these concentrations and might alter treatment outcomes. To speed up such discoveries, we apply state-of-the-art machine learning to delineate currently unknown biological effects of inactive ingredients-focusing on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyltransferase-2B7 (UGT2B7), two proteins that impact the pharmacokinetics of approximately 20% of FDA-approved drugs. Our platform identifies vitamin A palmitate and abietic acid as inhibitors of P-gp and UGT2B7, respectively; in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo validations support these interactions. Our predictive framework can elucidate biological effects of commonly consumed chemical matter with implications on food- and excipient-drug interactions and functional drug formulation development.