gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Part II: Investigation of Subthreshold Swing in Line Tunnel FETs Using Bias Stress Measurements (2013)

The role of trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) in the degradation of the subthreshold swing (SS) in n-type line tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs) is investigated through the experiments and simulations. A two to fourfold increase in the interface state density is achieved by applying a positive or a negative stress between the gate and the source. The negative stress shows no impact on the SS in spite of nearly fourfold increase in the interface state density. A nearly twofold increase in interface state density and improvement in SS are observed under the application of positive stress. The improvement in SS is attributed to H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> species released from the Si/ SiO2 interface during stress, which moves toward the bulk Si, passivating boron and bulk Si traps, thereby improving the SS. Under negative stress bias, the released H <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> species drifts toward the gate electrode, and hence no change in SS was observed. These experiments suggest that the SS degradation is mainly caused by TAT through bulk Si traps and insensitive to interface traps. A good control of bulk semiconductor trap density will be required to achieve sub-60-mV/decade SS in line TFETs.
Photoacoustic computed tomography correcting for heterogeneity and attenuation (2012)

We report an investigation of image reconstruction in photoacoustic tomography for objects that possess heterogeneous material and acoustic attenuation distributions. When the object contains materials, such as bone and soft-tissue, that are modeled using power law attenuation models with distinct exponents, we demonstrate that the effects of acoustic attenuation due to the most strongly attenuating material can be compensated for if the attenuation of the other less attenuating material(s) are neglected. Experiments with phantom objects are presented to validated our findings.
Velocity‐selective‐inversion prepared arterial spin labeling (2015)

A novel FT-VSI pulse train was demonstrated to be a suitable labeling module for VSASL with robustness of velocity-selective profile to B0/B1 field inhomogeneity and gradient imperfections. Compared with conventional VSASL, FT-VSI prepared VSASL produced consistent CBF maps with higher SNR values. Magn Reson Med 76:1136-1148, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular classification of fatty liver by high‐throughput profiling of protein post‐translational modifications (2016)

We describe an alternative approach to classifying fatty liver by profiling protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) with high-throughput capillary isoelectric focusing (cIEF) immunoassays. Four strains of mice were studied, with fatty livers induced by different causes, such as ageing, genetic mutation, acute drug usage, and high-fat diet. Nutrient-sensitive PTMs of a panel of 12 liver metabolic and signalling proteins were simultaneously evaluated with cIEF immunoassays, using nanograms of total cellular protein per assay. Changes to liver protein acetylation, phosphorylation, and O-N-acetylglucosamine glycosylation were quantified and compared between normal and diseased states. Fatty liver tissues could be distinguished from one another by distinctive protein PTM profiles. Fatty liver is currently classified by morphological assessment of lipid droplets, without identifying the underlying molecular causes. In contrast, high-throughput profiling of protein PTMs has the potential to provide molecular classification of fatty liver.
Evaluating the Immunogenicity of a Disulfide-Stabilized, Cleaved, Trimeric Form of the Envelope Glycoprotein Complex of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2005)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) complex comprises three gp120 exterior glycoproteins each noncovalently linked to a gp41 transmembrane glycoprotein. Monomeric gp120 proteins can elicit antibodies capable of neutralizing atypically sensitive test viruses in vitro, but these antibodies are ineffective against representative primary isolates and the gp120 vaccines failed to provide protection against HIV-1 transmission in vivo. Alternative approaches to raising neutralizing antibodies are therefore being pursued. Here we report on the antibody responses generated in rabbits against a soluble, cleaved, trimeric form of HIV-1(JR-FL) Env. In this construct, the gp120 and gp41 moieties are covalently linked by an intermolecular disulfide bond (SOS gp140), and an I559P substitution has been added to stabilize gp41-gp41 interactions (SOSIP gp140). We investigated the value of DNA priming and compared the use of membrane-bound and soluble priming antigens and of repeat boosting with soluble and particulate protein antigen. Compared to monomeric gp120, SOSIP gp140 trimers elicited approximately threefold lower titers of anti-gp120 antibodies. Priming with DNA encoding a membrane-bound form of the SOS gp140 protein, followed by several immunizations with soluble SOSIP gp140 trimers, resulted in antibodies capable of neutralizing sensitive strains at high titers. A subset of these sera also neutralized, at lower titers, HIV-1(JR-FL) and some other primary isolates in pseudovirus and/or whole-virus assays. Neutralization of these viruses was immunoglobulin mediated and was predominantly caused by antibodies to gp120 epitopes, but not the V3 region.
Vibration-absorbing antifriction bearing, especially for a driveshaft of a motor vehicle (1981)

First Page
ChemInform Abstract: PYRIMIDO(4,5‐C)PYRIDAZINES. 3. PREFERENTIAL FORMATION OF 8‐AMINO‐1H‐PYRIMIDO(4,5‐C)‐1,2‐DIAZEPIN‐6(7H)‐ONES BY CYCLIZATIONS WITH α,Γ‐DIOXO ESTERS (1982)

Abstract Aus 6‐(1‐Methylhydrazino)‐isocytosin (I) entstehen mit den Diketo‐estern (II) Gemische der Kondensationsprodukte (III)‐(VI), deren Anteile in Abhängigkeit von den Substituenten und den Bedingungen bestimmt werden.
Stabilized synthetic brood pheromone delivered in a slow-release device enhances foraging and population size of honey bee, <i>Apis mellifera</i>, colonies (2011)

SummaryThe 10-component honey bee brood pheromone has considerable potential for use in honey bee management now that durable stability has been obtained by adding a food-grade antioxidant. Practical applications require, however, that a long-term slow release device be developed and tested. After discarding 19 potential materials and devices for releasing synthetic brood pheromone, we found a suitable method using a small plastic pouch with a pheromone impermeable Mylar backing and a pheromone-permeable low-density polyethylene release surface. Heat-sealed pouches, 3.8 × 3.5 cm, containing 200 μl of synthetic brood pheromone released 0.30–0.35 mg of pheromone per day in the laboratory; pheromone had to be artificially removed from the polyethylene membrane daily (equivalent to being removed by contact with worker bees) in order for the flow to be maintained. Compared to untreated control colonies, colonies exposed from late summer to early fall in southeast Texas to pheromone-laden pouches mounted in 35 mm plastic slide frames demonstrated more frequent foraging trips by worker bees, heavier pollen loads, and a higher ratio of pollen to non-pollen foragers from days 8–36 of continuous exposure. Pheromone-treated colonies also had significant growth in brood comb area and adult population level at a time when untreated control colonies were naturally declining in size.
An agile optical layer restoration method for router failures (2003)

The optical layer can provide its IP clients with rapid and efficient restoration for link failures; however, its inability to protect against router failures erodes its attractiveness. Here, we propose a joint IP/optical restoration mechanism suitable for IP offices with a minimum of two backbone routers and an optical cross-connect. The OXC is used to reterminate OC-48/OC-192 links from a failed backbone router to its mate. The entire interoffice portion of the reterminated link is reused, thus minimizing the amount of additional link capacity required to protect against router failures. A similar approach applicable when there are tunable transceivers but no OXC is also described.
A freestanding cellulose nanofibril–reduced graphene oxide–molybdenum oxynitride aerogel film electrode for all-solid-state supercapacitors with ultrahigh energy density (2017)

Supercapacitors made with CNF/RGO/MoO<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>aerogel film electrodes exhibit outstanding specific capacitances and remarkable energy densities in different electrolytes.
Corona (2015)

We introduce Corona, a novel spatial sensing technique that implicitly locates adjacent mobile devices in the same plane by examining asymmetric Bluetooth Low Energy RSSI distributions. The underlying phenomenon is that the off-center BLE antenna and asymmetric radio frequency topology create a characteristic Bluetooth RSSI distribution around the device. By comparing the real-time RSSI readings against a RSSI distribution model, each device can derive the relative position of the other adjacent device. Our experiments using an iPhone and iPad Mini show that Corona yields position estimation at 50% accuracy within a 2cm range, or 85% for the best two candidates. We developed an application to combine Corona with accelerometer readings to mitigate ambiguity and enable cross-device interactions on adjacent devices.
Automatic Infants’ Pain Assessment by Dynamic Facial Representation: Effects of Profile View, Gestational Age, Gender, and Race (2018)

Infants' early exposure to painful procedures can have negative short and long-term effects on cognitive, neurological, and brain development. However, infants cannot express their subjective pain experience, as they do not communicate in any language. Facial expression is the most specific pain indicator, which has been effectively employed for automatic pain recognition. In this paper, dynamic pain facial expression representation and fusion scheme for automatic pain assessment in infants is proposed by combining temporal appearance facial features and temporal geometric facial features. We investigate the effects of various factors that influence pain reactivity in infants, such as individual variables of gestational age, gender, and race. Different automatic infant pain assessment models are constructed, depending on influence factors as well as facial profile view, which affect the model ability of pain recognition. It can be concluded that the profile-based infant pain assessment is feasible, as its performance is almost as good as that of the whole face. Moreover, gestational age is the most influencing factor for pain assessment, and it is necessary to construct specific models depending on it. This is mainly because of a lack of behavioral communication ability in infants with low gestational age, due to limited neurological development. To our best knowledge, this is the first study investigating infants' pain recognition, highlighting profile facial views and various individual variables.
A DSP-less real-time voiceband signal classifier based on a commodity personal computer platform (2003)

We describe a voiceband signal classifier that was implemented on a commodity personal computer platform under the Windows NT operating system. The classifier can accurately classify in real time all 24 voiceband channels of a T1 digital trunk into one of 13 different signal classes including speech, four classes of voiceband modem, three classes of fax, binary data, and several other signalling types. Classification accuracies approach 100% over all signal classes. The classifier does not use dedicated signal processing hardware; instead, all signal processing is carried out directly on the 586-class host CPU.
Color-Accurate Underwater Imaging Using Perceptual Adaptive Illumination (2011)

Capturing color in water is challenging due to the heavy non-uniform attenuation of light in water across the visible spectrum, which results in dramatic hue shifts toward blue.Yet observing color in water is important for monitoring and surveillance as well as marine biology studies related to species identification, individual and group behavior, and ecosystem health and activity monitoring.Underwater robots are equipped with motor control for large scale transects but they lack sensors that enable capturing color-accurate underwater images.We present a method for color-accurate imaging in water called perceptual adaptive illumination.This method dynamically mixes the illumination of an object in a distance-dependent way using a controllable multi-color light source.The color mix compensates correctly for color loss and results in an image whose color composition is equivalent to rendering the object in air.Experiments were conducted with a color palette in the pool and at three different coral reefs sites, and with an underwater robot collecting image data with the new sensor.
Flow Cytometry Reveals that H5N1 Vaccination Elicits Cross-Reactive Stem-Directed Antibodies from Multiple Ig Heavy-Chain Lineages (2014)

Universal influenza vaccines would improve immune protection against infection and facilitate vaccine manufacturing and distribution. Flu vaccines stimulate B cells in the blood to produce antibodies that neutralize the virus. These antibodies target a protein on the surface of the virus called HA. Flu vaccines must be reformulated annually, because these antibodies are mostly specific to the viral strains used in the vaccine. But humans can produce broadly neutralizing antibodies. We sought to isolate B cells whose genes encode influenza virus antibodies from a patient vaccinated for avian influenza. To do so, we modified HA so it would bind only the desired cells. Sequencing the antibody genes of cells marked by this probe proved that the patient produced broadly neutralizing antibodies in response to the vaccine. Many sequences obtained had not been observed before. There are more ways to generate broadly neutralizing antibodies for influenza virus than previously thought.
Mediterranean fruit fly<sup>1/</sup>: Laboratory and field evaluations of synthetic sex pheromones<sup>2/</sup> (1977)

Abstract Fifteen acids present in the natural sex pheromones produced by male Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), were separated by gas‐liquid chromatography and identified. Then combinations of the acids and of previously identified pheromones were bioassayed for attraction to virgin female Mediterranean fruit flies in an outdoor olfactometer. However, when 2 of the most promising combinations were tested in the field, they attracted large numbers of males, but no females. In the laboratory, females reared from fruit infested in the field responded to the synthetic pheromone. No explanation is available for these anomalous results. Key words: Mediterranean fruit flysynthetic sex pheromones
Super-resolution fluorescence near-field scanning optical microscopy (1986)

A one-dimensional near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) operating in the fluorescence mode has been demonstrated. NSOM line scans of both metallic edges and fluorescent gratings have been obtained and quantitatively compared to both scanning electron micrographs and conventional optical micrographs of the same structures. The sharpness of the near-field scans indicates resolution of &lt;100 nm.
Characterization and significance of delayed processing of the feline leukemia virus FeLV-FAIDS envelope glycoprotein (1990)

FeLV-FAIDS, an immunodeficiency-inducing isolate of feline leukemia virus, is composed of a pathogenic but replication-defective genome (molecular clone 61C) and a replication-competent but non-immunodeficiency-inducing variant genome (molecular clone 61E). The chimeric virus EECC, composed of the 5' gag-pol of 61E fused to the env-3' LTR of 61C, also induces immunodeficiency. The 61C (or EECC) gp80 can be distinguished from that of 61E on the basis of antigenic recognition, size, and rate of posttranslational processing. We found that the nascent precursor polypeptides of the two viruses were the same size; however, the 61E gp80 rapidly shifted to a smaller size and was subsequently cleaved to gp70, whereas EECC gp80 maintained its nascent size and was cleaved to gp70 only after a prolonged time. Endo-beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase H and N-glycanase digestions of newly formed glycoproteins resulted in a similar banding pattern for both viruses, indicating that both contained the same number of oligosaccharide side chains and that all of these were high mannose sugars. The metabolic inhibitors of glycosylation, castanospermine or N-methyldeoxynojirimycin, prevented both the rapid trimming of 61E gp80 and its cleavage to gp70. Treatment with mannosidase inhibitors, however, did not affect 61E gp80 processing or size, suggesting that retention of glucose residues on EECC was responsible for these distinguishing properties of the glycoprotein. The pathological consequence of aberrant viral glycoprotein processing was evaluated in feline 3201 T lymphocytes, which are infectable by both 61E and EECC but are killed only by EECC. As in fibroblasts, the EECC glycoprotein produced in lymphocytes was larger, antigenically distinct, and processed more slowly than was the glycoprotein of 61E. Castanospermine treatment of 61E-infected 3201 T cells, however, not only abrogated the antigenic differences between the 61E and EECC glycoproteins but also resulted in a cytopathic effect. Our results suggest that (i) intracellular accumulation of EECC envelope glycoprotein may occur consequent to retention of glucose residues on carbohydrate side chains and (ii) a strong correlation exists between delayed glycoprotein processing and cytopathicity in FeLV-FAIDS-infected T lymphocytes.
Overcoming resistance by ALK compound mutation (I1171S + G1269A) after sequential treatment of multiple ALK inhibitors in non‐small cell lung cancer (2020)

ALK compound mutation was found in a clinical sample that was resistant to lorlatinib after sequential ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment. Ceritinib and brigatinib are potential overcoming drugs against ALK I1171S + G1269A double mutation.
Immune cell activation among lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma intrinsic subtypes and <i>CD274</i> (PD-L1) expression. (2016)

3077 Background: Gene expression based subtyping in lung Adenocarcinoma (AD) and lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SQ) classifies AD and SQ tumors into distinct subtypes with variable biologic and clinical features. Methods: Using previously published Bindea et al. immune cell gene signatures (24 in total) and the TCGA lung cancer gene expression datasets (AD n = 515, and SQ n = 501), we examined immune cell features in relation to AD and SQ subtypes. Signatures of both Innate Immune Cells (IIC) and Adaptive Immune Cells (AIC), as well as single immune-biomarkers (CTLA4, PDCD1, and CD274(PD-L1)) were examined in the 3 AD subtypes (Terminal Respiratory Unit (TRU), Proximal Proliferative (PP), and Proximal Inflammatory (PI)) and the 4 SQ subtypes (Primitive, Classical, Secretory, Basal). AIC signature associations with tumor subtype and with CD274 expression were evaluated using linear regression. Hierarchical clustering of immune signatures and individual gene correlations were also analyzed. Survival-signature associations were evaluated with cox proportional hazard models. Results: Hierarchical clustering of immune cell gene signatures provided separation of AD and SQ intrinsic subtypes. Immune activation was most prominent in the SQ Secretory subtype and in the AD PI subtype suggesting activation of both innate and adaptive immune cells. In contrast, the Classical subtype of SQ and the PP subtype of AD demonstrated lower immune activation. AD subtype and CD274 expression were similarly predictive of AIC features, however, among the SQ tumors, subtype associations were stronger (median F-test p-value and adjusted R-squared were 2.16e-24 and 0.20 for subtype versus 1.86e-09 and 0.07 for CD274). Survival analysis suggested Th17 and Tfh cells predicted improved survival in AD (p < 0.001). In SQ, only the Primitive subtype demonstrated significant immune cell expression associations with improved survival (p < 0.01). Conclusions: Intrinsic biologic subtypes of lung AD and SQ reveal key differences in immune cell activation, which were not always correlated with CD274 expression. Evaluation of subtypes as potential biomarkers for immunotherapy response should be investigated.
Reversible inhibition of IL-8 receptor B mRNA expression and proliferation in non-small cell lung cancer by antisense oligonucleotides. (1997)

We examined the importance of IL-8 receptor B mRNA expression in the growth of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Using antisense oligonucleotide ICN 197, we were able to inhibit IL-8 R B mRNA expression in vitro. The sequence specific effect of antisense oligonucleotide and down-regulation of IL-8 R B mRNA was shown by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analysis. The proliferation of treated cells was measured by 3H thymidine incorporation. We found that treatment of NSCLC cells caused reversible growth inhibition and reversible down regulation of IL-8 R B mRNA. Furthermore, we observed that the treatment of nude mice with oligonucleotide ICN 197 inhibited the growth of tumors developed from NSCLC cells injected subcutaneously. Our data in vitro suggest that IL-8 receptor B mRNA expression is required to maintain the proliferative rate of NSCLC. Based on the data in vivo. oligonucleotide ICN 197 may be considered for the development of novel therapeutic treatment for lung cancer.
Design and implementation of a real-time positron imager (2004)

In this paper we are going to present the first real-time S-parameter positron imager. This is a useful tool in solid state technology for mapping the lateral defect types and concentrations on a material sample. This technology has been developed for two major categories of researchers, the first being those that have a focused low energy positron beam and second those that do not. Here we describe the design and implementation of a real-time automated scanning system that rasters a sample surface with a 0.5mm diameter positron source (or beam focus) so as to give an S-parameter image of a sample. The source (or beam) rasters across a region of a semiconductor sample in rectilinear motion while gamma ray energies E<sub>γ</sub> are processed using a standard HP Ge spectroscopy system and a 14 bit nuclear ADC. Two other ADCs are used to obtain the x, y coordinate data corresponding to each event by storing voltage pulses from the x & y stepper motor drives (or saddle coil currents) gated with the event pulses. Using these event data triplets (x, y, Eγ) the S-parameter is computed in real time for each pixel region and is used to refresh a color image display on the screen coordinates. Optimal use is made of processing time and the system resources. This user-friendly system is efficient for producing high resolution S-parameter images of the sample. (patent pending 2003)
Thresholds of patient‐reported outcomes that define the patient acceptable symptom state in ankylosing spondylitis vary over time and by treatment and patient characteristics (2010)

PASS thresholds for PROs changed over time. These thresholds, as well as the attainment of the PASS, were affected by covariates unrelated to treatment. If confirmed in other studies, these results cast doubt on using the PASS to assess absolute health status in clinical research.