gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New cuts for width‐extensional mode quartz crystal resonators (1993)

Abstract This paper describes various characteristics for a width‐extensional mode quartz crystal resonator. A new cut is proposed for a width‐extensional mode quartz crystal resonator, which is designated the “KT‐cut,” and clarifies its frequency characteristics, frequency temperature behavior, and electrical characteristics. First, a frequency equation is derived under the conditions that width x 0 is much larger than thickness z 0 but much smaller than length y 0 by solving partial differential equations for a new‐shape GT‐cut quartz crystal resonator already obtained with variational principle. This is because the modified shape for the present resonator is referred to as that of the new‐shape GT resonator. Next, from the obtained equation, relationships of resonant frequency versus width x 0 and the first‐ and second‐order temperature coefficients α, β versus a cut angle θ are analyzed theoretically. As a result, a cut angle θ which gives α = 0 approximately is θ = 24.5° at the reference temperature of 20°C and β has a value of β = −0.60 × 10 −8 /°C 2 . This value is then compared with the measured values of β = −1.25 × 10 −8 /°C 2 and the absolute value in the experiments is found to be about twice the calculated value. In addition, α and β are very dependent on a thickness‐to‐width ratio R zx (thickness z 0 /width x 0 ), and have a parabolic curve versus the ratio R zx . Thus, α and β are also found to vary with R zx . Finally, series resistance R 1 , and a quality factor Q are primarily examined in the frequency range of approximately 8.7 to 32 MHz. Consequently, e.g., when f = 16.3 MHz, a width‐extensional mode quartz crystal resonator is found to be obtained successfully with satisfactory values of R 1 = 89.7 Ω and Q = 180, 000.
The Effect of Dilution on the Rate of Hydrogen Peroxide Production in Honey and Its Implications for Wound Healing (2003)

Significant antibacterial activity can be maintained easily when using honey as a wound dressing, even on a heavily exuding wound. Concentrations of hydrogen peroxide generated are very low in comparison to those typically applied to a wound, thus, cytotoxic damage by hydrogen peroxide is very low.
Design and Synthesis of Phosphinamide-Based Hydroxamic Acids as Inhibitors of Matrix Metalloproteinases (1998)

A new series of hydroxamic acid-based matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors containing a unique phosphinamide motif derived from D-amino acid was designed, synthesized, and tested for enzyme inhibition. Compounds with an R configuration at phosphorus were found to be potent MMP inhibitors while molecules with the S configuration were almost inactive. Structure-activity relationship studies of the series led to the discovery of the potent inhibitor 16 with IC50 = 20.5 nM and 24.4 nM against fibroblast collagenase (MMP-1) and stromelysin (MMP-3), respectively. The binding mode of this novel phosphinamide-based series of MMP inhibitors was established based on X-ray crystallography of the complex of stromelysin and 16.
Continuous cardiac output determination from blood pressure waveforms using a fuzzy logic model (2003)

Describes the development of an adaptive fuzzy logic system that continuously estimates cardiac output (CO) from the blood pressure waveform. This fuzzy logic system was evaluated using 133 sets of experimental data from 10 baboons. The mean error (or bias) between the model-estimated CO and the thermodilution-measured CO was 0.001 liter/min (4.0%) with a standard deviation (or precision) of 0.97 liter/min (27.7%) when using the aortic blood pressure waveform. The mean error (or bias) was 0.045 liter/min (5.9%) with a standard deviation (or precision) of 0.97 liter/min (26.9%) when using the radial blood pressure waveform. These results demonstrate the significant potential of using a fuzzy logic model to estimate cardiac output from blood pressure waveforms.
Electrocardiographic Imaging (1998)

ECGI can noninvasively estimate the depth of intramyocardial electrophysiological events and provides information on the spread of excitation in the three-dimensional anisotropic myocardium on a beat-by-beat basis.
Optoelectrical Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub>)—Ferroelectric Memories (2015)

In this study, we fabricated and tested electronic and memory properties of field-effect transistors (FETs) based on monolayer or few-layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) on a lead zirconium titanate (Pb(Zr,Ti)O3, PZT) substrate that was used as a gate dielectric. MoS2-PZT FETs exhibit a large hysteresis of electronic transport with high ON/OFF ratios. We demonstrate that the interplay of polarization and interfacial phenomena strongly affects the electronic behavior and memory characteristics of MoS2-PZT FETs. We further demonstrate that MoS2-PZT memories have a number of advantages and unique features compared to their graphene-based counterparts as well as commercial ferroelectric random-access memories (FeRAMs), such as nondestructive data readout, low operation voltage, wide memory window and the possibility to write and erase them both electrically and optically. This dual optoelectrical operation of these memories can simplify the device architecture and offer additional practical functionalities, such as an instant optical erase of large data arrays that is unavailable for many conventional memories.
Synthesis of a Masked Derivative of 3′-Deoxydihydrostreptobiosamine, a Precursor for the Synthesis of 3″-Deoxydihydrostreptomycin (1977)

Abstract 2′-N-Acetyl-4′,6′-di-O-acetyl-3,3a-O-carbonyl-3′-deoxydihydrostreptobiosamine (15), a precursor in the synthesis of 3″-deoxydihydrostreptomycin, was prepared from benzyl α-dihydrostreptobiosaminide. The synthesis involves formation of l-allo compound (5) with inversion of the 3′-hydroxyl group of l-gluco derivative (2) in order to facilitate 3′-chlorination, dechlorination, of the 3′-chloro-l-gluco derivative (7 or 11) with tributyltin hydride, and utilization of cyclic 3,3a-O-carbonyl group instead of 3,3a-O-isopropylidene group which was unstable in the later reactions.
Contact Combinations in Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulation (1991)

The geometrical characteristics of longitudinal fiber populations in the dorsal columns (DC), recruited by various contact combinations in epidural spinal cord stimulation (SCS), were compared in a theoretical study. A 3-dimensional computer model was used, representing the geometry and electrical conductivity of the low-thoracic spinal cord and surrounding tissues, in combination with a model representing the electrical properties of a myelinated nerve fiber. It was calculated that, among usual dorsomedial contact combinations, the ratio of mediolateral and dorsoventral extent of the recruited area in DC only varied by 2-5%. The model predicts that in bipolar stimulation the relative lateral extent was smallest at a contact separation of 3-3.5 times the dorsal cerebrospinal-fluid width, which seems to fit the highest ratio of discomfort threshold/paresthesia threshold. It is concluded that the optimal combination varies with distance between cathode and DC and that a unique 'best contact combination' does not exist. When both a decrease of primary afferent diameter in DC and collateral branching near their entrance are considered, the model predicts that recruitment of cutaneous afferents will start in lateral DC and proceed medially at increasing stimulus, which fits clinical observations on the spread of paresthesia. The model predicts that large fibers in the posterior spinocerebellar tract will also be recruited in SCS.
On balancing the load in a clustered web farm (2001)

In this article we propose a novel, yet practical, scheme which attempts to optimally balance the load on the servers of a clustered Web farm. The goal in solving this performance problem is to achieve minimal average response time for customer requests, and thus ultimately achieve maximal customer throughput. The article decouples the overall problem into two related but distinct mathematical subproblems, one static and one dynamic. We believe this natural decoupling is one of the major contributions of our article. The static component algorithm determines good assignments of sites to potentially overlapping servers. These cluster assignments, which, due to overhead, cannot be changed too frequently, have a major effect on achievable response time. Additionally, these assignments must be palatable to the sites themselves. The dynamic component algorithm is designed to handle real-time load balancing by routing customer requests from the network dispatcher to the servers. This algorithm must react to fluctuating customer request load while respecting the assignments of sites to servers determined by the static component. The static and dynamic components both employ in various contexts the same so-called goal setting algorithm. This algorithm determines the theoretically optimal load on each server, given hypothetical cluster assignments and site activity. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the overall load-balancing scheme via a number of simulation experiments.
Three New Adjacent Bis-tetrahydrofuran Acetogenins with Four Hydroxyl Groups from <i>Asimina triloba</i> (1996)

Three new adjacent bis-tetrahydrofuran ring Annonaceous acetogenins with four hydroxy groups, bullatetrocin (1), 10-hydroxyasimicin (2), and 10-hydroxytrilobacin (3), were isolated by activity-directed fractionation from the stem bark of Asimina triloba. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and spectral evidence. The absolute stereochemistry at the C-10 hydroxy position was determined by converting 2 and 3 to their ketolactone isomers, 2,4-cis/trans 10-hydroxyasimicinones and 2,4-cis/trans 10-hydroxytrilobacinones, respectively. The bioactivities of the new compounds against brine shrimp larvae and six human solid-tumor cell lines are reported, and structure-activity relationships between trihydroxylated and tetrahydroxylated acetogenins are discussed. In addition to 1-3, gigantetrocin A, 2,4-cis/trans-gigantetrocin A-ones, annonacin, and annonacin A were also isolated for the first time from this species.
Control of Particle Temperature, Velocity, and Trajectory in the Thermal Spray Process (2003)

Abstract The plasma-spray process features complex plasma-particle interactions that can result in process variations that limit process repeatability and coating performance. This paper reports our work on the development of real-time diagnostics and control for the plasma spray process. The strategy is to directly monitor and control those degrees of freedom of the process that are observable, controllable, and affect resulting coating properties. This includes monitoring of particle velocity and temperature as well as the shape and trajectory of the spray pattern. Diagnostics that have been developed specifically for this purpose and integrated with a closed loop process controller are described.
Measuring Water-Cut with Dielectric-Filled Ridged Waveguides (2021)

A microwave water-cut meter for production fluids applications was designed and a basic test performed. The meter uses a vector network analyzer to measure the reflection (S11) and transmission (S21) spectra of the material under test (MUT), such as production fluids, oil spills, rock cores or soil. The initial design concept consisted of a pair of waveguides whose ends face each other and are placed on the inner surface of the pipe/core holder. The waveguides have a diameter similar to the main pipe and are filled with specific low loss materials with dielectric constant similar to that of the fluid in the pipe. Based on the initial design, a refined water-cut meter design was optimized, via numerical simulations, built and tested. To maximize bandwidth, the improved design adds ridges to the original cylindrical waveguide and optimizes the feed details to maintain an impedance match to the feed connectors. Results show that the ridges in the waveguide significantly improve transmission compared to just the waveguide alone. Initial experimental results show the measuring system is sensitive to the water content of production fluids.
Genetics of primary headaches (1999)

Migraine has become an important topic in the field of complex genetic disorders. The identification of a gene on chromosome 19p encoding for an alpha 1A calcium channel subunit causing familial hemiplegic migraine has led to the classification of migraine as a channelopathy. More recently, efforts have been made to clarify the genetics of other primary headaches.
Toxic Multi-Metal Continuous Emission Monitoring by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (1998)

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a laser-based, advanced diagnostic technique for measuring the concentration of various elements in the test medium.1-3 In LIBS, a pulsed laser beam is focused at the test point to produce a spark. The spark in the focal region generates a high density plasma which atomizes and electronically excites the various atomic elements in the test volume. Atomic emission from the plasma is collected and analyzed to obtained the concentration of the atomic species in the test medium.
Synthesis of Novel Phenserine-Based-Selective Inhibitors of Butyrylcholinesterase for Alzheimer's Disease (1999)

Four novel analogues (8-11) of cymserine (2) were synthesized by methods similar to those recently developed for the total syntheses of N8-norphenserine (Yu, Q. S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 2895-2901) and N1,N8-bisnorphenserine (Yu, Q. S.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 2371-2379). As our structure-activity studies predicted, these compounds are highly potent and selective inhibitors of human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and will test the novel hypothesis that BChE inhibitors are useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In a similar manner, the same modifications that provided BChE selectivity were applied to the acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-selective inhibitor, tolserine (5), to provide the novel tolserine analogues 12-15. As predicted, these modifications altered the AChE-selective action of tolserine (5) to favor a lack of cholinesterase enzyme subtype selectivity.
GLS Approaches using SBAS: a SBAS to GBAS converter (2019)

We build a prototype system intended to bring together the advantages of both the ground based and satellite based augmentation systems (GBAS, SBAS). It combines an SBAS-capable global navigation satellite systems receiver with a database and a GBAS-compatible data link. The correction and integrity data received from the SBAS satellite are automatically translated into GBAS-compatible structures and sent to the airborne multi-mode receiver using the final approach segment data block. This receiver can now send deviations directly to the autopilot making automated landings possible. The device can be installed on the ground as well as in the aircraft. As commercial air transport aircraft are rarely equipped with SBAS capable receivers but are increasingly fitted with GBAS receivers our System adds the SBAS capability to a GBAS equipped aircraft. Here, we present algorithms and data collected during validation flights and a case study on the economic impact for airport operators.
The effect of filtering on communication using synchronized chaotic circuits (2002)

It is suspected that chaos will be useful for communications, but little is known about how real communications channels will degrade chaotic signals. In this work, the signals from two different chaotic transmitters are passed through filters to simulate some kinds of channel distortion. The effect of the filtering is determined by measuring the signal strength of a test signal detected by a synchronized chaotic receiver.
Entropy-based location fingerprinting for WLAN systems (2012)

Localization for indoor environments has gained considerable attention over the last decade due to the enormous potential in the technology and the significant challenges facing this area of research. One practical localization technique that relies on the available fixed wireless infrastructure is RF location fingerprinting. Received Signal Strength (RSS)-based location fingerprinting has been the dominant fingerprinting approach in the literature due to the simplicity and practicality of measuring the RSS in a variety of wireless technologies (such as IEEE 802.11 and UMTS). Recognizing the diminishing gains using the RSS-based techniques, researchers have recently shifted focus to proposing improvements at the physical layer by adopting the channel impulse response (CIR) as an alternate fingerprint. In this paper we propose a novel fingerprint structure that is based on the entropy estimation of the channel; which provides a more unique/robust fingerprint that is capable of distinguishing between locations more effectively. Through extensive frequency domain channel measurements and analysis in a typical indoor environment we further validate the proposed technique and compare it against RSS and CIR-based fingerprinting. We will show that the technique combines the advantage of RSS-based fingerprinting simplicity of structure (storage and pattern recognition requirements) and improves on the robustness of the CIR-based fingerprinting techniques. Finally we will illustrate that our entropy-based location fingerprinting can be practically integrated into the architecture of popular OFDM-based WLAN systems.
Multi-octave operation of low-biased modulators by balanced detection (1996)

A balanced detection approach is proposed and demonstrated which can eliminate the single-octave constraint of performance enhancement schemes for externally modulated optical links, such as low-biasing and carrier filtering. Using our approach with low-biased modulators at 110 MHz we demonstrated a second harmonic reduction of 28 dB and a multi-octave SFDR improvement of 22 dB, to 108 dB/spl middot/Hz/sup 1/2/.
4I13/2↔4I15/2 Emission and Absorption Cross Sections for Er3+-Doped Glasses (1989)

We have investigated a series of Er3+-doped glasses for fiber laser and amplifier applications since glass compositions are required that are more amenable to diode laser pumping at 800 nm. The absorption and stimulated emission cross sections have been measured for the 4I13/20↔4i15/2 transition at 1.5 µm. Of the glasses examined, Ge-doped silica was found to have the smallest oscillator strength and a phosphate glass the largest. The variations in bandwidth were found to be even larger, with the silica having the narrowest emission band and a fluorozirconate glass the widest.
Inherent correction of motion‐induced phase errors in multishot spiral diffusion‐weighted imaging (2011)

Multishot spiral imaging is a promising alternative to echo-planar imaging for high-resolution diffusion-weighted imaging and diffusion tensor imaging. However, subject motion in the presence of diffusion-weighting gradients causes phase inconsistencies among different shots, resulting in signal loss and aliasing artifacts in the reconstructed images. Such artifacts can be reduced using a variable-density spiral trajectory or a navigator echo, however at the cost of a longer scan time. Here, a novel iterative phase correction method is proposed to inherently correct for the motion-induced phase errors without requiring any additional scan time. In this initial study, numerical simulations and in vivo experiments are performed to demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively and efficiently correct for spatially linear phase errors caused by rigid-body motion in multishot spiral diffusion-weighted imaging of the human brain.
Treating the Network: Targeted inhibition of two specific microRNAs in the brainstem prevents the development of hypertension (2020)

Abstract We here test the concept that disease states may result not from a single cause but from small changes in a network that are collectively significant. We recently showed that development of hypertension (HTN) in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) model of human essential hypertension is accompanied by changes in microRNA expression levels in the brainstem tracking the development of HTN 1,2 . This led to the hypothesis that preventing the change in microRNA levels could prevent the development of HTN. We propose that hypertension emerges from a network that has been pushed out of a normotensive equilibrium into a compensatory, pathological state. We show that small perturbations in the gene regulatory networks in the brainstem by selectively blocking two microRNAs highlighted in our previous results, miR-135a and miR-376a, is sufficient to prevent development of hypertension in the SHR model. This effect appears driven by only modest changes in the expression of rate-limiting genes, many of which are targets of these miRNAs, suggesting that the combination of genes that are targeted in the network is responsible for the effect. The demonstration that hypertension is an emergent property of an underlying regulatory network suggests that a new treatment paradigm altogether is needed. One Sentence Summary A brief summary of the main result of your paper, without excessive jargon.
Investigation of Modified Screen-Printing Al Pastes for Local Back Surface Field Formation (2006)

This paper reports on a low-cost screen-printing process to form a self-aligned local back surface field (LBSF) through dielectric rear surface passivation. The process involved formation of local openings through a dielectric (SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> or stacked SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ) prior to full area Al screen-printing and a rapid firing. Conventional Al paste with glass frit degraded the SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> surface passivation quality because of glass frit induced pinholes and etching of SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layer, and led to very thin LBSF regions. The same process with a fritless Al paste maintained the passivation quality of the SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> , but did not provide an acceptably thick and uniform LBSF. Al pastes containing appropriate additives gave better LBSF because of the formation of a thicker and more uniform Al-BSF region. However, they exhibited somewhat lower internal back surface reflectance (<90%) compared to conventional Al paste on SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> . More insight on these competing effects is provided by fabrication and analysis of complete solar cells
Strong dc Electric Field Applied to Supersaturated Aqueous Glycine Solution Induces Nucleation of the<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>γ</mml:mi></mml:math>Polymorph (2005)

Applying a strong static electric field to supersaturated aqueous glycine solutions resulted in the nucleation of the gamma polymorph. This is the first report of a strong dc field inducing the nucleation of a neutral solute in a supersaturated solution. We attribute this effect to the electric-field-induced orientation of the highly polar glycine molecules in large preexisting solute clusters, helping them organize into a crystalline structure. This result also lends further support to our proposed optical-Kerr mechanism for nonphotochemical laser-induced nucleation.