gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room-Temperature Deposition of NbN Superconducting Films (1986)

Films with high superconducting transition temperatures deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering. Since deposition process does not involve significantly high substrate temperatures, employed to deposit counter electrode in superconductor/insulator/superconductor junction without causing any thermal or mechanical degradation of underlying delicate tunneling barrier. Substrates for room-temperature deposition of NbN polymeric or coated with photoresist, making films accessible to conventional lithographic patterning techniques. Further refinements in deposition technique yield films with smaller transition widths, Tc of which might approach predicted value of 18 K.
Merging Asset Allocation and Longevity Insurance: An Optimal Perspective on Payout Annuities (2003)

The Markowitz mean-variance model is widely accepted as the gold standard for asset allocation on the way to retirement. Unfortunately, this framework only considers the risk and return tradeoff in the financial market. It does not consider the longevity risk people face during retirement. And, while a variety of recent papers in the Journal of Financial Planning have discussed the mechanics and importance of payout (also known as lifetime) annuities, the industry literature currently lacks a coherent and formal model of how much wealth should be allocated in-and-between asset classes within a payout annuity. To fill this gap, our paper revisits the importance of longevity insurance – while discussing the problems with fixed payout annuities-- and then moves on to address the proper asset allocation between conventional financial assets and variable payout annuity products. As in the classical Markowitz framework, our focus is on maximizing a suitably defined objective function in an intuitive, comprehensible, and practical manner. In addition to the usual risk and return information from the financial markets, our modeling framework requires inputs on the relative strength of retiree’s bequest motives, subjective health status, and liquidity restrictions. To illustrate the model, we provide some specific case studies and numerical examples to show how a financial planner can actually apply asset allocation ideas within-and-between payout annuity products and conventional asset classes.
Development of sustainable society through efficient biotechnological production of optically active L-lactic acid from cellulose-derived sugars (2010)

Effective utilization of cellulosic biomass as a feedstock for lactic acid production is still problematic due to high cost of saccharifying enzymes combined with feedback inhibition caused by final hydrolysis products, glucose and cellobiose. In this study we demonstrated that Enterococcus mundtii QU 25, a newly isolated lactic acid bacterium, is able to utilize cellobiose efficiently. In batch fermentations, 89.8 g/L of L-lactic acid was produced from 100 g/L cellobiose at yield of 91.3 (%) g/g-consumed sugar. Moreover, this strain capable of utilizing glucose/cellobiose mixture simultaneously for efficient production of L-lactic acid without apparent catabolite repression, thereby allowing complete utilization of all released sugars combined high L-lactic acid production yield.
P.137L: <i>Late‐News Poster</i> : Polymer Dispersed Blue Phase Liquid Crystals (2013)

Abstract We have demonstrated polymer dispersed blue phase (PDBP) liquid crystal films by encapsulating blue phase liquid crystal in a matrix of polymer. The phase‐separated blue phase liquid crystal molecules show droplets with a small size distribution and exhibit a blue phase at room temperature. The PDBP films enable field‐induced birefringence at low switching voltage. Details of preparation of PDBP and their thermal, optical and electro‐optical properties will be presented.
Peptide‐specific activation of cytolytic CD4<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes against tumor cells bearing mutated epitopes of K‐<i>ras</i> p21 (1995)

Alterations in the ras p21 protein have been associated with both rodent and human neoplasia. Thus, mutated ras p21 proteins may bear unique antigenic epitopes for immune recognition, such as by T cells, which have been implicated in host antitumor activity. Synthetic peptides that mimic segments of mutated ras p21 have been reported to be immunogenic in mice in vivo, although detailed functional analyses remains undefined. Here, in a murine model, we explored and characterized distinct effector properties of host-derived T lymphocytes reactive to mutated ras peptides, which was consistent with the CD4+ T helper type 1 (Th1) subset. BALB/c mice (H-2d) were immunized with a purified peptide, 13 amino acids in length, containing the substitution of Gly (G12) to Val (V12) at position 12, which is commonly found in human carcinomas. An alpha beta T cell receptor-positive, CD3+, CD4+, CD8- T cell line was established, which expressed peptide-specific proliferation. Cytokine assays revealed the production of interleukin-2, interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Moreover, antigen-specific cytotoxicity was demonstrable against: (1) Iad-bearing A20 tumor cells incubated with exogenously bound V12 peptide; and (2) A20 tumor cells transduced with the K-ras p21 oncogene encoding the corresponding point mutation. CD4(+)-mediated cytotoxicity was major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted, as revealed by the absence of lysis against MHC class II- P815 targets, inhibition of A20 lysis with anti-Iad monoclonal antibodies, and induction of lysis against L cell targets transfected with E alpha A beta d. Independent isolation of a second CD4+ V12 line revealed a very similar cytolytic and MHC class II-restricted profile. Overall, these data demonstrated that peptide immunization produced a CD4+ Th1 response that specifically recognized tumor cells expressing endogenous activated K-ras epitopes, which may have implications for the development of peptide-based active immunotherapies.
Enhancing the Activity of Fuel-cell Reactions by Designing Three-dimensional Nanostructured Architectures:  Catalyst-modified Carbon−Silica Composite Aerogels (2002)

We have developed highly active electrocatalytic nanostructured architectures constructed from carbon−silica composite aerogels in which the carbon is modified with nanoscopic electrocatalysts. Our procedure is general and can be applied to any preformed catalyst-modified carbon powder. The aerogel architecture locks in an electronic path through the carbon guest as well as a continuous, three-dimensional mesoporous transport path for fuel molecules, solvent, and ions. The electrocatalytic activity for methanol oxidation at colloidal-Pt-modified carbon−silica composite aerogels increases by 4 orders of magnitude per gram of Pt over that at native Pt-modified carbon powder. Supported catalysts derived from direct adsorption of colloidal Pt too large to enter the micropores of the carbon are more active per gram of Pt than those prepared using impregnation techniques. A further improvement in mass-normalized activity is achieved by appropriately annealing (temperature and atmosphere) Pt-modified carbon−silica composite aerogels to increase the size of the supported Pt to >3 nm but <4 nm.
The Promise of GPS in Atmospheric Monitoring (1996)

This paper provides an overview of applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) for active measurement of the Earth's atmosphere. Microwave radio signals transmitted by GPS satellites are delayed (refracted) by the atmosphere as they propagate to Earth-based GPS receivers or GPS receivers carried on low Earth orbit satellites. The delay in GPS signals reaching Earth-based receivers due to the presence of water vapor is nearly proportional to the quantity of water vapor integrated along the signal path. Measurement of atmospheric water vapor by Earth-based GPS receivers was demonstrated during the GPS/STORM field project to be comparable and in some respects superior to measurements by ground-based water vapor radiometers. Increased spatial and temporal resolution of the water vapor distribution provided by the GPS/STORM network proved useful in monitoring the moisture-flux convergence along a dryline and the decrease in integrated water vapor associated with the passage of a midtropospheric cold front, both of which triggered severe weather over the area during the course of the experiment. Given the rapid growth in regional networks of continuously operating Earth-based GPS receivers currently being implemented, an opportunity exists to observe the distribution of water vapor with increased spatial and temporal coverage, which could prove valuable in a range of operational and research applications in the atmospheric sciences. The first space-based GPS receiver designed for sensing the Earth's atmosphere was launched in April 1995. Phase measurements of GPS signals as they are occluded by the atmosphere provide refractivity profiles (see the companion article by Ware et al. on page 19 of this issue). Water vapor limits the accuracy of temperature recovery below the tropopause because of uncertainty in the water vapor distribution. The sensitivity of atmospheric refractivity to water vapor pressure, however, means that refractivity profiles can in principle yield information on the atmospheric humidity distribution given independent information on the temperature and pressure distribution from NWP models or independent observational data. A discussion is provided of some of the research opportunities that exist to capitalize on the complementary nature of the methods of active atmospheric monitoring by GPS and other observation systems for use in weather and climate studies and in numerical weather prediction models.
Reliability of Improved Power GaAs Field-Effect Transistors (1980)

Some 270 6-mm power GaAs FETs with aluminum gates and silicon-nitride passivation have been aged at elevated channel temperatures under dc-bias with or without rf-drive. One catastrophic burnout and extremely slow degradation have been observed for 2-million device-hours. Tentatively estimated failure rates for burnout and for gradual degradation at a maximum channel temperature in normal operation of 110°C are both well below 100 FITs. This represents an improvement of at least one order of magnitude over previous devices whose reliability is presented in a companion paper1. In the improved model no deterioration in gates and ohmic contacts has been observed. Gradual degradation has been caused by deterioration in the channel material. However, this has been an extremely slow process, giving rise to practically no problem. There has been no difference in gradual degradation between devices aged with and without rf-drive for 6,000 hours at 250°C channel temperature. The present study has already. demonstrated that the power GaAs FETs used as the samples are very reliable.
Gaussian Process Modeling of EEG for the Detection of Neonatal Seizures (2007)

Gaussian process (GP) probabilistic models have attractive advantages over parametric and neural network modeling approaches. They have a small number of tuneable parameters, can be trained on relatively small training sets, and provide a measure of prediction certainty. In this paper, these properties are exploited to develop two methods of highlighting the presence of neonatal seizures from electroencephalograph (EEG) signals. In the first method, the certainty of the GP model prediction is used to indicate the presence of seizures. In the second approach, the hyperparameters of the GP model are used. Tests are carried out with a feature set of ten EEG measures developed from various signal processing techniques. Features are evaluated using a neural network classifier on 51 h of real neonatal EEG. The GP measures, in particular, the prediction certainty approach, produce a high level of performance compared to other modeling methods and methods currently in clinical use for EEG analysis, indicating that they are an important and useful tool for the real-time detection of neonatal seizures.
Analysis of snubber-clamped diode-string mixed voltage interface ESD protection network for advanced microprocessors (1995)

A novel snubber-clamped diode-string ESD protection circuit for mixed voltage interface microprocessor applications is described. Analytical models, circuit simulation, electrical characterization, ESD electrothermal simulation, ESD test data, and an ESD analytical failure model are shown for shallow trench isolation (STI) and LOCOS CMOS technologies.
In vivo photoacoustic microscopy with 7.6-µm axial resolution using a commercial 125-MHz ultrasonic transducer (2012)

Photoacoustic microscopy has achieved submicron lateral resolution, but its axial resolution is much lower. Here an axial resolution of 7.6 μm, the highest axial resolution validated by experimental data, has been achieved by using a commercial 125 MHz ultrasonic transducer for signal detection followed by the Wiener deconvolution for signal processing. Limited by the working distance, the high-frequency ultrasonic transducer can penetrate 1.2 mm into biological tissue from the ultrasound detection side. At this depth, the signal-to-noise ratio decreases by 11 dB, and the axial resolution degrades by 36%. The new system was demonstrated in imaging melanoma cells ex vivo and mouse ears in vivo.
Dynamic Kernel Distillation for Efficient Pose Estimation in Videos (2019)

Existing video-based human pose estimation methods extensively apply large networks onto every frame in the video to localize body joints, which suffer high computational cost and hardly meet the low-latency requirement in realistic applications. To address this issue, we propose a novel Dynamic Kernel Distillation (DKD) model to facilitate small networks for estimating human poses in videos, thus significantly lifting the efficiency. In particular, DKD introduces a light-weight distillator to online distill pose kernels via leveraging temporal cues from the previous frame in a one-shot feed-forward manner. Then, DKD simplifies body joint localization into a matching procedure between the pose kernels and the current frame, which can be efficiently computed via simple convolution. In this way, DKD fast transfers pose knowledge from one frame to provide compact guidance for body joint localization in the following frame, which enables utilization of small networks in video-based pose estimation. To facilitate the training process, DKD exploits a temporally adversarial training strategy that introduces a temporal discriminator to help generate temporally coherent pose kernels and pose estimation results within a long range. Experiments on Penn Action and Sub-JHMDB benchmarks demonstrate outperforming efficiency of DKD, specifically, 10x flops reduction and 2x speedup over previous best model, and its state-of-the-art accuracy.
Context-sensitive help for multimodal dialogue (2003)

Multimodal interfaces offer users unprecedented flexibility in choosing a style of interaction. However, users are frequently unaware of or forget shorter or more effective multimodal or pen-based commands. This paper describes a working help system that leverages the capabilities of a multimodal interface in order to provide targeted, unobtrusive, context-sensitive help. This multimodal help system guides the user to the most effective way to specify a request, providing transferable knowledge that can be used in future requests without repeatedly invoking the help system.
Scale-robust compressive camera fingerprint matching with random projections (2015)

Recently, we demonstrated that random projections can provide an extremely compact representation of a camera fingerprint without significantly affecting the matching performance. In this paper, we propose a new construction that makes random projections of camera fingerprints scale-robust. The proposed method maps the compressed fingerprint of a rescaled image to the compressed fingerprint of the original image, rescaled by the same factor. In this way, fingerprints obtained from rescaled images can be directly matched in the compressed domain, which is much more efficient than existing scale-robust approaches. Experimental results on the publicly available Dresden database show that the proposed technique is robust to a wide range of scale transformations. Moreover, robustness can be further improved by providing reference scales in the database, with a small additional storage cost.
Comparative Study on Pore Structures of Mesoporous ZSM-5 from Resorcinol-Formaldehyde Aerogel and Carbon Aerogel Templating (2004)

Resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels and carbon aerogels of different mesoporosities have been used as templates for preparing bimodal zeolites of mesopores. Samples were thoroughly characterized with X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N(2) adsorption at 77 K, as well as FT-IR spectroscopy and (29)Si nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The mesoporous ZSM-5 zeolites have additional mesopores of 9-25 nm in widths and 0.07-0.2 cm(3)/g in volumes, besides their perfect inherent micropores. Experimental results show the mesoporous systems of the finally obtained zeolites can be influenced by proper preparation of resorcinol-formaldehyde aerogels and carbon aerogels through solution chemistry. Consequently, zeolites of tunable mesoporosities can be prepared with this unique methodology.
The First Potent Inhibitors for Human Glutaminyl Cyclase:  Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship (2005)

The first effective inhibitors for human glutaminyl cyclase (QC) are described. The structures are developed by applying a ligand-based optimization approach starting from imidazole. Screening of derivatives of that heterocycle led to compounds of the imidazol-1-yl-alkyl thiourea type as a lead scaffold. A library of thiourea derivatives was synthesized, resulting in an inhibitory improvement by 2 orders of magnitude, leading to 1-(3-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)propyl)-3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)thiourea as a potent inhibitor. Systematic exploitation of the scaffold revealed a strong impact on the inhibitory efficacy and resulted in the development of imidazole-propyl-thioamides as another new class of potent inhibitors. A flexible alignment of the most potent compounds of the thioamide and thiourea class and a QC substrate revealed a good match of characteristic features of the molecules, which suggests a similar binding mode of both inhibitors and the substrate to the active site of QC.
Shedding new light on early caries detection. (2008)

Dental caries continues to be a common chronic disease among various population groups. Patient care can be improved with detection at the earliest stage. However, current techniques do not have sufficient sensitivity and specificity. We discuss 2 new methods - optical coherence tomography (OCT) and polarized Raman spectroscopy (PRS) - that are potentially useful for early caries detection and monitoring. OCT produces morphologic depth images of near-surface tissue structures with a resolution that is an order of magnitude greater than ultrasound imaging. Based on measurement of back-scattered near infrared light, OCT shows that sound enamel causes high-intensity back-scattering at the tooth surface that decreases rapidly with depth. In contrast, incipient lesions cause higher light back-scattering at the tooth surface and subsurface scattering indicative of porosity caused by demineralization. The scatter region within the enamel correlates well with the classical triangular shape of subsurface lesions observed in histologic sections. OCT imaging not only allows identification of incipient lesions, but also provides information on surface integrity and lesion depth. PRS furnishes biochemical information about the tooth"s composition, mineral content and crystallinity. The depolarization ratio derived from the dominant phosphate peak of hydroxyapatite in sound teeth is consistently lower than that from incipient caries. This difference is attributed to the change in enamel crystallite morphology or orientation that occurs with acid demineralization. Thus, PRS can be used to confirm suspect lesions determined by OCT and rule out false-positive signals from non-carious anomalies. The combination of OCT and PRS provides a new detection method with high sensitivity and specificity that will improve caries management and patient care. Future studies are aimed at developing intraoral probes to validate the findings in vivo.
Single fiber interferometric acoustic sensor (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. A. Bucaro and E. F. Carome, "Single fiber interferometric acoustic sensor," Appl. Opt. 17, 330-331 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
An Analytical Model for Soft Error Critical Charge of Nanometric SRAMs (2009)

Scaling transistor size to the scale of the nanometer coupled with reduction of supply voltage has made SRAMs more vulnerable to soft errors than ever before. The vulnerability has been accentuated by increased variability in device parameters. In this paper, we present an analytical model for critical charge in order to assess the soft error vulnerability of 6T SRAM cell. The model takes into account the dynamic behavior of the cell and demonstrates a simple technique to decouple the nonlinearly coupled storage nodes. Decoupling of storage nodes enables solving associated current equations to determine the critical charge for an exponential noise current. The critical charge model thus developed consists of both NMOS and PMOS transistor parameters. Consequently, the model can estimate critical charge variations due to variability of transistor parameters and manufacturing defects, such as resistive contacts and vias. In addition, the model can serve as a tool to optimize the hibernation voltage of low-power SRAMs or the size of MIM capacitor per cell in order to achieve a target soft error robustness. Critical charge calculated by the model is in good agreement with SPICE simulations for a commercial 90-nm CMOS process with a maximum discrepancy of less than 5%.
Optimization of Links With a Battery-Assisted Time-Switching Wireless Energy Harvesting Relay (2017)

In this paper, we analyze the performance of a two-hop network in which a multiantenna source communicates with a single-antenna destination through a decode-and-forward single-antenna energy harvesting (EH) relay. We assume a novel practical system framework in which the EH relay has the option of augmenting the wireless energy harvested by drawing energy from a supplementary battery, thereby improving link performance. Assuming use of the time-switching relaying (TSR) EH protocol, the outage and throughput performance are analyzed. We optimize the fraction of time devoted to EH (the TSR parameter) so as to maximize throughput for fixed supplementary battery energy. We also optimize the TSR parameter to minimize supplementary battery energy consumption for target throughput performance. We further show that exploiting second-hop channel knowledge at the relay can dramatically reduce the energy drawn from the supplementary battery. These insights are of fundamental importance to system designers. Simulation results validate the derived analytical expressions and corroborate our findings.