gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cobatoxins 1 and 2 from <i>Centruroides noxius</i> Hoffmann constitute a subfamily of potassium‐channel‐blocking scorpion toxins (1998)

Potassium-channel-blocking scorpion toxins (alpha-K-toxins) have been shown to be valuable tools for the study of potassium channels. Here we report two toxins, cobatoxin 1 and 2, of 32 amino acids, containing three disulphide bridges, that were isolated from the venom of the Mexican scorpion Centruroides noxius. Their primary sequences show less than 40% identity to other alpha-K-toxins. It is therefore proposed that they belong to subfamily 9. The cDNA of cobatoxin 1 encodes a putative signal peptide, a putative short propeptide, the mature peptide and two amino acids that are processed to leave cobatoxin 1 amidated at the C-terminus. In rat brain synaptosomal membranes cobatoxin 1 and cobatoxin 2 bind to a common binding site of alpha-K-toxins with Ki values of 109 pM and 87 pM, respectively. Moreover, they block the Shaker and Kv1.1 K+ channels with moderate affinities, with Kd values of around 0.7 microM and 4.1 microM (Shaker) and 0.5 microM and 1.0 microM (Kv1.1), respectively. A three-dimensional model of cobatoxin 1 was generated and used to interpret the obtained functional data on a structural basis.
Serratia entomophila sp. nov. Associated with Amber Disease in the New Zealand Grass Grub Costelytra zealandica (1988)

Serratia entomophila sp. nov. is a homogeneous deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness group most closely related to Serratia ficaria and Serratia marcescens. All 19 strains studied resembled S. marcescens (the phenotypically closest species) by their inability to ferment or utilize l-rhamnose, l-rhamnose, d-melibiose, dulcitol, and d-raffinose but differed from S. marcescens by their inability to ferment or utilize sorbitol and their lack of lysine and ornithine decarboxylases. All strains utilized itaconate, a unique characteristic among Serratia species. Two biotypes could be distinguished. Strains of biotype 1 utilized d-arabitol but not l-arabitol or d-xylose. Strains of biotype 2 utilized l-arabitol and d-xylose but not d-arabitol. S. entomophila has been isolated from insect larvae and water. Most strains were isolated in New Zealand from the grass grub Costelytra zealandica infected with amber disease. None of the strains were isolated from infected humans, animals (other than insects), or plants. The type strain is strain A1T (ATCC 43705T).
True single-phase energy-recovering logic for low-power, high-speed VLSI (1998)

In dynamic logic families that rely on energy recovery to achieve low energy dissipation, the flow of data through cascaded gates is controlled using multi-phase clocks. Consequently, these families require multiple clock generators and can exhibit increased energy consumption on their clock distribution networks. Moreover, they are not attractive for high-speed design due to clock skew management problems.
Optical frequency domain ranging by a frequency-shifted feedback laser (2000)

This paper describes the theoretical and experimental study of a new technique for optical frequency domain ranging (OFDR) by a frequency-shifted feedback (FSF) laser. In conventional OFDR, a frequency chirped single-mode laser is used as a light source to convert a distance into a beat frequency, and a tradeoff exists between measurement range and resolution. The FSF laser output consists of periodically generated chirped frequency components whose chirp rate is faster than 100 PHz/s (P=10/sup 15/), By use of the FSF laser, the tradeoff is removed and long-distance high-resolution OFDR is realized In the experiment, a distance of 18.5 km was measured with a resolution of 20 mm.
Supramolecular Hydrogels Fabricated from Supramonomers: A Novel Wound Dressing Material (2017)

Daily repeated wound dressing changes will lead to additional trauma to newly formed tissue and prolonging the healing process. In this letter, we designed and fabricated an easily removable wound dressing material. To accomplish this, we first generated cross-linkable supramonomers through host-guest noncovalent interaction, followed by radical copolymerization of acrylamide with supramonomer as cross-linker to fabricate supramolecular hydrogels. Benefiting from the dynamic nature of the supramonomer, the supramolecular hydrogel is able to dissolve upon exposure to memantine, an FDA approved drug, making it easily removed from a wound, representing a promising candidate for the new generation of wound dressing.
Gamma-glutamyltransferase and its isoenzymes: progress and problems. (1985)

Because of its sensitivity to disturbances of excretory liver function, gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) assay has become one of the most important diagnostic tests for hepatobiliary disorders. However, its value in the differential diagnosis of liver diseases is limited. It is present in kidney, liver, pancreas, and intestine in electrophoretically distinct but not necessarily organ-specific forms. Much effort has been expended to relate diseases of these organs to isoenzyme findings in serum. Although the activities of GGT isoenzymes in disease differ from those in health, the existence of disease-specific patterns is controversial. Much is known about the biochemistry, structure, and immunochemistry of GGT, but more work is needed on methods, standardization of terminology, and correlation of isoenzyme findings with diseases. Further progress in the last area should improve the clinical applicability of the isoenzyme activities.
Research Agenda for the Semantic Grid: A Future e-Science Infrastructure (2001)

e-Science offers a promising vision of how computer and communication technology can support and enhance the scientific process. It does this by enabling scientists to generate, analyse, share and discuss their insights, experiments and results in a more effective manner. The underlying computer infrastructure that provides these facilities is commonly referred to as the Grid. At this time, there are a number of grid applications being developed and there is a whole raft of computer technologies that provide fragments of the necessary functionality. However there is currently a major gap between these endeavours and the vision of e-Science in which there is a high degree of easy-to-use and seamless automation and in which there are flexible collaborations and computations on a global scale. To bridge this practice?aspiration divide, this report presents a research agenda whose aim is to move from the current state of the art in e-Science infrastructure, to the future infrastructure that is needed to support the full richness of the e-Science vision. Here the future e-Science research infrastructure is termed the Semantic Grid (Semantic Grid to Grid is meant to connote a similar relationship to the one that exists between the Semantic Web and the Web).
Identification of three transforming proteins encoded by cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (1992)

Cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) provides an animal model for human papillomaviruses associated with a high risk of cancer development. So far, nothing is known about the transforming functions of CRPV genes because of the lack of an assay system. We have recently developed two systems to assay for CRPV transforming functions. One is based on the finding that transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by CRPV is considerably increased by deleting sequences in open reading frame L2. The second one is based on the use of a cottontail rabbit skin epithelial cell line, sf1Ep (C. Meyers and F. O. Wettstein, Virology 181:637-646, 1991). Mutations were introduced which abolished expression of the full-length E6 protein (LE6), the short E6 protein (SE6) initiated at the second ATG of E6, the E7 protein, or the E5 protein. Mutations affecting LE6 or E7, but not SE6, reduced transformation of NIH 3T3 and sf1Ep cells. Transformed NIH 3T3 cell lines with mutations in LE6 and E7 did not grow in soft agar, while those with mutations in SE6 and E5 grew with a reduced efficiency. The cell lines with mutations in LE6, SE6, or E7 still did induce tumors in nude mice. These mutations, however, abolished the ability to induce papillomas in rabbits. When expressed individually with a retroviral vector, LE6, SE6, or E7, but not E5, conferred anchorage-independent growth. The level of viral protein expression in these cell lines was generally low, and a comparison of the abundance of virus-specific mRNA showed that cell lines contained 20 to 50 times less mRNA than a cottontail rabbit papilloma. These data demonstrate that CRPV encodes at least three transforming proteins.
Properties of the strain-confined electron-hole liquid in Ge (1978)

A large volume of electron-hole liquid is formed by optically exciting a suitably stressed crystal of Ge. A contact stress produces a maximum shear region inside the crystal which acts as an attractive potential well for photoexcited carriers. Properties of the electron-hole liquid confined to this strain well are determined from spectral and spatial measurements of the recombination luminescence under wide variations in stress, temperature, and excitation level. Both electron-hole liquid and free-exciton phases are observed near 4 K, confirming the interpreta ion of a first-order liquid-gas phase transition and giving the exciton condensation energy $\ensuremath{\varphi}\ensuremath{\simeq}1$ meV. The liquid pair density at intermediate $〈111〉$ stress is determined to be (0.50\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05) \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ from a luminescence line-shape analysis which takes into account the reduced electron band degeneracy and the strain-dependent hole mass. Magneto-oscillations in the luminesence intensity are observed which yield a similar density. A tenfold enhancement of the liquid lifetime is observed for stresses above 5 kgf/${\mathrm{mm}}^{2}$ and $1.8\ensuremath{\le}T\ensuremath{\le}4.2$ K, consistent with the reduced pair density and inhibited liquid evaporation in the strain well. Compression of the liquid at high excitation level is reflected in the line-shape, lifetime, and spatial imaging measurements. Time-resolved imaging of the liquid luminescence provides a striking contrast between the strain-confined liquid and the usual cloud of droplets in unstressed Ge.
Analysis of autocorrelation-based parameters for creaky voice detection (2004)

Creaky voice carries important linguistic and paralinguistic information. Parameters based on autocorrelation of the glottal excitation waveform are proposed for automatic detection of creaky voice in spontaneous speech. Analysis results show the ratio of the first two peaks of the autocorrelation function as a primary parameter to detect creaky voice.
FIELD DEPENDENCE OF VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF MR ELASTOMERS (2002)

A magnetoactive elastomer made of micronic carbonyl iron particles, structured in elongated clusters and embedded in a silicon elastomer matrix is studied under traction both in static and dynamic modes. The application of a magnetic field of 120 kA/m induces a change in elastic moduli of about 0.6 MPa at strains of 4 to 5%. Still higher changes (4 MPa) are observed in dynamic storage modulus at low strains (10 -4 to 10 -3 ). The shape of the stress-strain curves are explained by taking into account the existence of a fiber like structure.
The Influence of Intermittent Micromovement Upon the Healing of Experimental Fractures (1984)

The preliminary results are presented of an investigation into the influence of intermittent axial cyclical loading, applied for a very short period each day (500 cycles over 17 minutes), upon experimental fracture healing in sheep tibiae. The application of the intermittent stimulus is associated with the earlier appearance of external callus seen within two weeks of osteotomy. There is also a significant increase in fracture stiffness to bending appearing at eight to ten weeks from osteotomy in the cyclically loaded group. Post mortem torsional stiffness assessed at 12 weeks from osteotomy is significantly greater in the loaded group.
Update in Pathogenesis and Prospective in Treatment of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (2014)

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is among the most common and devastating diseases in neonates and, despite the significant advances in neonatal clinical and basic science investigations, its etiology is largely understood, specific treatment strategies are lacking, and morbidity and mortality remain high. Improvements in the understanding of pathogenesis of NEC may have therapeutic consequences. Pharmacologic inhibition of toll-like receptor signaling, the use of novel nutritional strategies, and microflora modulation may represent novel promising approaches to the prevention and treatment of NEC. This review, starting from the recent acquisitions in the pathogenic mechanisms of NEC, focuses on current and possible therapeutic perspectives.
P(R‐NCH<sub>2</sub>‐CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N: Very Strong Non‐Ionic Bases Useful in Organic Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Physical-Layer Security: From Information Theory to Security Engineering (2011)

Presents the theoretical foundations, practical implementation, challenges and benefits of physical-layer security, a groundbreaking new model for secure communication.
Effects of different epoxidation methods of soybean oil on the characteristics ofacrylated epoxidized soybean oil-co-poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymer (2013)

The effect of the type of epoxidation processes of soybean oil on the characteristics of epoxidized soybean oils (ESOs), acrylated epoxidized soybean oils (AESOs), and acrylated epoxidized soybean oil -poly(methyl metacrylate) copolymers (AESO-co-PMMA) has been investigated. Two epoxidation processes were used: an in situ chemical epoxidation using hydrogen peroxide and formic acid, and a chemo-enzymatic epoxidation using 2 enzymes: Novozyme 435 (CALB) and a homemade lipase/acyltransferase (CpLIP2). ESOs containing different numbers of epoxide groups/molecule were synthesized. A commercial ESO (Vikoflex 7170) was employed and it had the highest number of epoxide groups. Acrylation of ESOs was carried out using acrylic acid, and copolymerized with a methyl methacrylate monomer. The chemo-enzymatic epoxidation produced high acid value, particularly from the CpLIP2 (! 46-48%) and indicated the formation of epoxidized free fatty acids. In contrast, the ESO synthesized from the chemical epoxidation showed a very low acid value, < 0.6%. The AESOs synthesized from the CALB-based ESO and the chemical-based ESO showed a similar number of acrylate groups/molecule while that from the CpLIP2-based ESO showed a very low number of acrylate groups because the carboxylic groups from the epoxidized free fatty acids impeded the acrylation reaction. The lower the number of acrylate groups the lower was the crosslink density, the T g , and the gel content in the AESO-co-PMMA copolymer.
Handbook of gene level diagnostics in clinical practice (1992)

CONTENT: General Aspects of Gene Level Evaluation: Survey of Techniques and Application: Introduction. A Survey of Newer Gene Probing Techniques. Prenatal Diagnosis. Aging. DNA Repair. Drug Resistance. Metastasis. Gene Level Evaluation of Selected Disorders of the Heart, Lung, Gastrointestinal Tract, and Tumors of the Head and Neck: Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease. Gastrointestinal Diseases. Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pancreas. Cystic Fibrosis. Lung. Tumors of the Head and Neck. Gene Level Evaluation of Selected Breast, Gynecologic and Urologic Tumors: Breast. Tumors of the Uterine Cervix and Endometrium. Ovarian Neoplasms. Prostate Neoplasms. Kidney and Urinary Bladder. Wilms' Tumor. Gene Level Evaluation of Selected Endocrine Disorders: Diabetes Mellitus. Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders. Adrenal Gland and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia 1 and 2. Gene Level Evaluation of Selected Neurologic and Connective Tissue Disorders: Muscle, Bone, and Skin Disorders. Neurologic and Mental Disorders. Gene Level Analysis of Selected Infectious Diseases: Molecular Biological Tools for Analysis of Infections. Enteric Pathogens. Respiratory Pathogens. Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Pathogens Causing Multisystem Infections. Pathogens Transmitted by Arthropods. Parasites. Selected Aspects of Gene Level Evaluation in Hematology: Hemoglobinopathies. Coagulopathies. Lymphoid and Myeloid Malignancies. Index.
Real-Time Digital Signal Processing-Based Optical Coherence Tomography and Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (2004)

We present the development and use of a real-time digital signal processing (DSP)-based optical coherence tomography (OCT) and Doppler OCT system. Images of microstructure and transient fluid-flow profiles are acquired using the DSP architecture for real-time processing of computationally intensive calculations. This acquisition system is readily configurable for a wide range of real-time signal processing and image processing applications in OCT.
Heterogeneous catalytic ozonation of 2-chlorophenol aqueous solution with alumina as a catalyst. (2001)

Heterogenous catalytic ozonation of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP) in the presence of gamma-alumina as a solid catalyst has been investigated in this research. It showed that the rate for degradation of TOC could increase from 21% to 43%. The pseudo-first reaction constants of 2-CP could increase from 0.8688 min-1 to 0.1270, increasing by approximately 40%. At the same time, the consumption of ozone was only half that of ozone alone. This research also explored the effects of the catalyst dosage, pH values and removal kinetics of 2-CP. In addition, three consecutive running with the same catalyst revealed insignificant reduction of the activity. Furthermore, the elimination of toxicity was evaluated by Microtox analysis. The detoxification was more stable and with good results.
Echinacea: Cultivation and Medicinal Value (1998)

Echinacea species, a popular medicinal herb throughout the world, have been used by indigenous Americans for hundreds of years as an effective immunostimulant. The cultivated acreage in the United States and Canada is increasing because of the great demand for Echinacea products. Better cultural methods and standardization and quality control of the value-added products are needed to increase the confidence of growers, producers, and consumers in this promising medicinal herb. Echinacea can be propagated from seed, crown division, and root sections. Seed stratification for 4 to 6 weeks at 34 to 40 °F (1 to 4 °C) before planting can improve germination. Echinacea thrives under cultivation in moderately rich and well-drained loam or sandy loam soil with regular irrigation and weed control. Roots are harvested in the fall after 3 to 4 years of cultivation. The best stage to harvest flowers has yet to be determined. Leaves are a source of valuable active ingredients, but no information is available in the literature on leaf harvesting. Active ingredients in Echinacea include polysaccharides, flavonoids, caffeic acid derivatives, essential oils, polyacetylenes, and alkylamides.
Effects of serum vitamin‐D‐binding protein on actin in the presence of plasma gelsolin (1986)

The interaction of serum vitamin-D-binding protein (DBP) and plasma gelsolin with actin was studied using fluorescent 7-chloro-4-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole-actin or N-pyrenylcarboxyamidomethyl-actin. DBP and gelsolin formed very tight complexes with one or two monomeric actin subunits respectively. Kd values of about 10 nm have been found for both complexes. When DBP and gelsolin were added simultaneously to G-actin no ternary complex was observed and the DBP-actin complex was formed preferentially. In the presence of CaCl2 no transfer of actin occurred from the 1:2 gelsolin:actin molar complex to free DBP while in the presence of EGTA one actin monomer could be transferred. DBP did not affect the severing activity of gelsolin. The effects of a mixture of gelsolin and DBP on F-actin suggest that only individual interactions of these two plasma proteins with actin occurred in solution.
Detection limit for carbon in InSb during SIMS depth profiling (1991)

Abstract Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is commonly used to determine the depth distribution of carbon in semiconductors. Carbonaceous residual gases in SIMS insturumentation and memory effects associated with carbon redeposition within the sputtered craters normally limit the detectability of carbon to ∼ 1 × 10 17 C cm −3 . In this investigation, the effects of primary ion (Cs + and O 2 + ), primary ion current (also current density), secondary ion, secondary ion energy discrimination, cryogenic cold finger and vacuum on the SIMS analysis of carbon in InSb were examined and optimized. Under optimized analysis conditions, the detection limit for carbon was reduced to ∼ 1 × 10 16 C cm −3 . Detection of the 123 SB 12 C − molecular ion rather than 12 C − was found to increase the sensitivity to carbon by ∼ 3 ×. In addition, 123 Sb 12 C − was found to be less sensitive to carbon contamination present on as‐received surfaces or incorporated from the analytical environment.
Efficient expression, purification and characterization of mouse salivary α‐amylase secreted from methylotrophic yeast, <i>Pichia pastoris</i> (2001)

We constructed a secretion vector of mouse salivary alpha-amylase, pPAM, using the AOX1 promoter-terminator and the secretion signal of 128 kDa pGKL killer protein, for an alternative yeast, Pichia pastoris. Taking advantage of multicopy insertion of the expression cassette and optimized growth conditions, we succeeded in highly efficient extracellular production (approximately 240 microg/ml) of mouse alpha-amylase in the 10 ml scale by conventional flask culture: this efficiency was about 90-fold higher than that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Growth temperature of cells was critical for efficient production of alpha-amylase. P. pastoris transformants secreted both core-glycosylated and non-glycosylated alpha-amylase molecules with a glycosylated:non-glycosylated ratio of about 20:80. Both glycosylated and non-glycosylated alpha-amylases were purified separately to apparent homogeneity. The signal sequence was correctly processed in both species, and the molecular masses of glycosylated and non-glycosylated alpha-amylase were determined to be 58 600 and 56 300, respectively, by mass spectrometry. We further studied the outer chain glycosylation of engineered mouse alpha-amylase secreted by P. pastoris.
Inhibition of Class IIb Histone Deacetylase Significantly Improves Cloning Efficiency in Mice1 (2010)

Since the first mouse clone was produced by somatic cell nuclear transfer, the success rate of cloning in mice has been extremely low. Some histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as trichostatin A and scriptaid, have improved the full-term development of mouse clones significantly, but the mechanisms allowing for this are unclear. Here, we found that two other specific inhibitors, suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and oxamflatin, could also reduce the rate of apoptosis in blastocysts, improve the full-term development of cloned mice, and increase establishment of nuclear transfer-generated embryonic stem cell lines significantly without leading to obvious abnormalities. However, another inhibitor, valproic acid, could not improve cloning efficiency. Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, oxamflatin, trichostatin A, and scriptaid are inhibitors for classes I and IIa/b histone deacetylase, whereas valproic acid is an inhibitor for classes I and IIa, suggesting that inhibiting class IIb histone deacetylase is an important step for reprogramming mouse cloning efficiency.