gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histamine-releasing factor (HRF) in asthma and atopic dermatitis (177.16) (2012)

Abstract Effects of monomeric IgE on mast cell biology exhibit vast heterogeneity, depending on IgE used. Highly cytokinergic (HC) IgEs can induce many activation events such as degranulation, cytokine production, etc, whereas poorly cytokinergic (PC) IgEs can induce only weak survival promotion. Because of the reminiscence to the heterogeneity in the ability of IgE molecules to prime basophils in response to HRF, this dichotomy has led us to find that a subset of IgEs bind to HRF via their Fab portions; the IgE-binding sites were mapped to two different sites of HRF, indicating that dimeric HRF can cross-link IgE-bound FcϵRI; N19 and H3 peptides blocked HRF-Ig interactions; administration of these inhibitors drastically reduced airway inflammation in asthma models, implying that blockade of HRF-Ig interactions may represent a potential prophylactic and therapeutic strategy for the treatment of asthma. Importantly, most HC, but no PC, IgEs exhibit polyreactivity to HRF and other autoantigens. Interestingly, sera from atopic dermatitis (AD) patients showed increased reactivity to autoantigens and increased levels of HRF. Some AD patients, but not healthy individuals, had high serum levels of HRF-reactive IgE. AD sera with high titers of autoreactive IgE could induce increased IL-8 secretion from human mast cells. Collectively, these results show support the autoimmune mechanism in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.
CMOS PWM VLSI implementation of neural network (2000)

A neural network VLSI implementation based on pulse width modulation is analyzed. A simple synapse multiplier is proposed, which has high precision and large linearity range. A voltage-mode sigmoid circuit with adjustable gain is analyzed, which is used for neuron activation functions. A voltage-pulse conversion circuit required for PWM is suggested, which has high conversion precision and linearity. On the basis of the above circuits, a PWM VLSI neural network to solve XOR problem is designed. The simulation result shows its correct function and fast speed, it is suitable for VLSI implementation of neural network.
Cingulum stimulation enhances positive affect and anxiolysis to facilitate awake craniotomy (2018)

This project was supported by the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention and the NIH.
A matrix metalloprotease‐PAR1 system regulates vascular integrity, systemic inflammation and death in sepsis (2011)

Sepsis is a deadly disease characterized by the inability to regulate the inflammatory-coagulation response in which the endothelium plays a key role. The cause of this perturbation remains poorly understood and has hampered the development of effective therapeutics. Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) are involved in the host response to pathogens, but can also cause uncontrolled tissue damage and contribute to mortality. We found that human sepsis patients had markedly elevated plasma proMMP-1 and active MMP-1 levels, which correlated with death at 7 and 28 days after diagnosis. Likewise, septic mice had increased plasma levels of the MMP-1 ortholog, MMP-1a. We identified mouse MMP-1a as an agonist of protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR1) on endothelial cells. MMP-1a was released from endothelial cells in septic mice. Blockade of MMP-1 activity suppressed endothelial barrier disruption, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), lung vascular permeability as well as the cytokine storm and improved survival, which was lost in PAR1-deficient mice. Infusion of human MMP-1 increased lung vascular permeability in normal wild-type mice but not in PAR1-deficient mice. These findings implicate MMP-1 as an important activator of PAR1 in sepsis and suggest that therapeutics that target MMP1-PAR1 may prove beneficial in the treatment of sepsis.
A low-complexity high-speed QR decomposition implementation for MIMO receivers (2009)

QR decomposition (QRD) is an essential signal processing task for many MIMO signal detection schemes. However, decomposition of complex MIMO channel matrices with large dimensions leads to high computational complexity, and hence results in either large core area or low throughput. Moreover, for mobile communication applications that involve fast-varying channels, it is required to perform QR decomposition with low processing latency. In this paper, we propose a hybrid QRD scheme that uses a combination of multi-dimensional Givens rotations, Householder transformations and the conventional two-dimensional (2D) Givens rotations to both reduce the overall computational complexity and achieve higher execution parallelism. To prove the effectiveness of the proposed QRD scheme, a novel pipelined architecture is presented that uses un-rolled pipelined CORDIC processors iteratively to maximize throughput and resource utilization, while minimizing the gate count. The architectures of the main data processing modules, namely the 2D, Householder 3D and 4D/2D configurable pipelined CORDIC processors, are also presented. Synthesis results for a 4times4 MIMO detector in 0.13 mum CMOS process indicate that this QRD design computes a 4times4 complex R matrix and four updated 4times1 complex symbol vectors every 40 cycles, at a clock frequency of 270 MHz and requires 36 K gates. The proposed design achieves the lowest processing time and the highest throughput reported to-date for the same framework.
Substituted Quaternary Ammonium Salts Improve Low-Temperature Performance of Double-Layer Capacitors (2011)

Double-layer capacitors are unique energy storage devices, capable of supporting large current pulses as well as a very high number of charging and discharging cycles. The performance of doublelayer capacitors is highly dependent on the nature of the electrolyte system used. Many applications, including for electric and fuel cell vehicles, back-up diesel generators, wind generator pitch control back-up power systems, environmental and structural distributed sensors, and spacecraft avionics, can potentially benefit from the use of double-layer capacitors with lower equivalent series resistances (ESRs) over wider temperature limits. Higher ESRs result in decreased power output, which is a particular problem at lower temperatures. Commercially available cells are typically rated for operation down to only 40 C. Previous briefs [for example, Low Temperature Supercapacitors (NPO-44386), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 32, No. 7 (July 2008), p. 32, and Supercapacitor Electrolyte Solvents With Liquid Range Below 80 C (NPO-44855), NASA Tech Briefs, Vol. 34, No. 1 (January 2010), p. 44] discussed the use of electrolytes that employed low-melting-point co-solvents to depress the freezing point of traditional acetonitrile-based electrolytes. Using these modified electrolyte formulations can extend the low-temperature operational limit of double-layer capacitors beyond that of commercially available cells. This previous work has shown that although the measured capacitance is relatively insensitive to temperature, the ESR can rise rapidly at low temperatures, due to decreased electrolyte conductance within the pores of the high surface- area carbon electrodes. Most of these advanced electrolyte systems featured tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEATFB) as the salt. More recent work at JPL indicates the use of the asymmetric quaternary ammonium salt triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TEMATFB) or spiro-(l,l')-bipyrrolidium tetrafluoroborate (SBPBF4) in a 1:1 by volume solvent mixture of acetonitrile (AN) and methyl formate (MF) enables double-layer capacitor cells to operate well below -40 C with a relatively low ESR. Typically, a less than twofold increase in ESR is observed at -65 C relative to room-temperature values, when these modified electrolyte blends are used in prototype cells. Double-layer capacitor coin cells filled with these electrolytes have displayed the lowest measured ESR for an organic electrolyte to date at low temperature (based on a wide range of electrolyte screening studies at JPL). The cells featured high-surface-area (approximately equal to 2,500 m/g) carbon electrodes that were 0.50 mm thick and 1.6 cm in diameter, and coated with a thin layer of platinum to reduce cell resistance. A polyethylene separator was used to electrically isolate the electrodes.
Capacity-achieving rate-compatible polar codes (2016)

We present a method of constructing rate-compatible polar codes that are capacity-achieving with low-complexity sequential decoders. The proposed code construction allows for incremental retransmissions at different rates in order to adapt to channel conditions. The main idea of the construction exploits certain common characteristics of polar codes that are optimized for a sequence of degraded channels. The proposed approach allows for an optimized polar code to be used at every transmission thereby achieving capacity. Due to the length limitation of conventional polar codes, the proposed construction can only support a restricted set of rates that is characterized by the size of the kernel when conventional polar codes are used. We thus consider punctured polar codes which provide more flexibility on block length by controlling a puncturing fraction. We show the existence of capacity-achieving punctured polar codes for any given puncturing fraction. Using punctured polar codes as constituent codes, we show that the proposed rate-compatible polar code is capacity-achieving for an arbitrary sequence of rates and for any class of degraded channels.
Generation and optimization of human antagonistic antibodies against TIMP-1 as potential therapeutic agents in fibrotic diseases (2007)

Impaired matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) function, as result of the expression of increased levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1), plays an important role in the pathopysiolgical mechanism of fibrosis. In a recently performed clinically relevant rat animal model of established liver fibrosis, it could be shown, that blocking the interaction between the metalloproteinase and its inhibitor has beneficial effects in vivo. The rat TIMP-1 specific antagonistic antibody used in this study was derived from a human combinatorial antibody library (HuCAL) and blocks the interaction between rat TIMP-1 and MMP-13, the rat homologue of human MMP-1. We here describe the utilization of the same antibody source to generate fully human antibodies against human TIMP-1 which could be potential candidates for a therapy of fibrosis in man. In order to develop a highly potent antagonist of TIMP-1 action, antibodies isolated from the library were subjected to a number of different in vitro affinity maturation strategies. By these means, affinity and potency were improved by a factor of 87 and 65 fold, respectively, resulting in a valuable human therapeutic antibody candidate with a monovalent affinity of 150 pM and a potency for in vitro inhibition of TIMP-1/MMP-1 interaction of 200 pM.
Integrating workflow management systems with business-to-business interaction standards (2003)

Business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce is emerging as a new market with tremendous potential. Organizations are trying to link services across organizational boundaries in order to electronically trade goods and services. Standards such as RosettaNet, CBL, ED1, OB1, and cXML, describe how electronic B2B interactions should be carried on so that dynamic trade partnerships can be established and transactions can be executed across organizations. While the development of standards is a fundamental step towards enabling e-business, the problem of linking B2B interactions with internal business processes is still a challenge. In addition, as the industry standards evolve continuously based on changing needs, organizations have to adopt new standards quickly. In this paper we describe how workflow technology can be extended in order to support B2B interactions and to link them with the internal workflows. The proposed framework can be used to speed up both the development of new business processes that support B2B interaction standards and the enhancement of the existing business processes by the addition of B2B interaction capability.
Evaluation of Ketorolac Concentrations in Plasma and Gingival Crevicular Fluid following Topical Treatment with Oral Rinses and Dentifrices (1996)

Two clinical studies were conducted to determine the relative amounts of ketorolac detectable locally in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and systemically in plasma after oral, topical drug administration. The rinse study compared topical administration of three concentrations of ketorolac tromethamine (0.1%, 0.5%, and 0.01%) in oral rinse formulations administered topically and a perorally administered capsule (10 mg), and the dentifrice study compared two concentrations of ketorolac in dentifrice formulations (0.15% and 1.0%) with a 0.1% oral rinse, all treatments administered topically. The dose-corrected systemic availability of the three oral rinses evaluated in the rinse study relative to the peroral capsule was about 15%. However, the ratios of the observed maximum GCF ketorolac concentration to maximum plasma ketorolac concentration ranged from 22 to 49, compared to less than 1 for the peroral ketorolac capsule. Using this ratio as an estimate of the ability of a treatment to target the drug to the gingival tissue, these data indicate that the ketorolac oral rinses achieved greater delivery of drug to the gingival tissue (presumed site of action for periodontitis) with a lower systemic drug load than peroral administration of a ketorolac capsule. The dose-corrected relative systemic bioavailabilities for the dentifrice treatments with respect to the 0.1% rinse in the dentifrice study were 59.2% and 86.4% for the 1.0% and 0.15% dentifrices, respectively, indicating that significantly less ketorolac was systemically available from the two dentifrices relative to the oral rinse. The relative bioavailabilities of ketorolac in the GCF after dosing with the dentifrice formulations with respect to the rinse were 89.1% for the 1.0% dentifrice and 19.7% for the 0.15% dentifrice. Thus, the 1.0% dentifrice appears to provide statistically equivalent levels of ketorolac to the gingival tissue as the 0.1% oral rinse with significantly less systemic exposure. The T1/2 of ketorolac in the GCF was about 0.5 h for all three treatments, which is significantly less than the plasma half-life of about 5.3 h. These data suggest that GCF levels of ketorolac should remain above the IC50 for PGE2-stimulated IL-1 bone resorption for about 7 h following treatment, assuming continuation of the first-order elimination observed over the first two postdosing hours. We conclude that oral rinses and dentifrices are effective and preferred vehicles for administration of ketorolac for use in treatment of periodontitis.
Synthesis of Firefly Luciferin Analogues and Evaluation of the Luminescent Properties (2016)

Abstract Five new firefly luciferin ( 1 ) analogues were synthesized and their light emission properties were examined. Modifications of the thiazoline moiety in 1 were employed to produce analogues containing acyclic amino acid side chains ( 2 – 4 ) and heterocyclic rings derived from amino acids ( 5 and 6 ) linked to the benzothiazole moiety. Although methyl esters of all of the synthetic derivatives exhibited chemiluminescence activity, only carboluciferin ( 6 ), possessing a pyrroline‐substituted benzothiazole structure, had bioluminescence (BL) activity ( λ max =547 nm). Results of bioluminescence studies with AMP‐carboluciferin (AMP=adenosine monophosphate) and AMP‐firefly luciferin showed that the nature of the thiazoline mimicking moiety affected the adenylation step of the luciferin–luciferase reaction required for production of potent BL. In addition, BL of 6 in living mice differed from that of 1 in that its luminescence decay rate was slower.
The pathophysiology of photoaging of the skin. (2005)

Exposure to solar UV radiation is the main environmental factor that causes premature aging of the skin (photoaging). Human skin aging resulting from UV irradiation is a cumulative process that occurs based on the degree of sun exposure and the level of skin pigment. UV irradiation induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) responsible for alterations in the collagenous extracellular matrix of connective tissue, resulting in impaired integrity. On a molecular level, UV radiation from the sun attacks keratinocytes and fibroblasts, resulting in the activation of cell surface receptors, which initiate signal transduction cascades. This in turn leads to a variety of molecular changes, which causes a breakdown of collagen in the extracellular matrix and a shutdown of new collagen synthesis. This article describes these molecular changes that contribute to the alterations in collagen and the clinical effects seen in photoaging.
Organic Thin-Film Transistor (OTFT)-Based Sensors (2014)

Organic thin film transistors have been a popular research topic in recent decades and have found applications from flexible displays to disposable sensors. In this review, we present an overview of some notable articles reporting sensing applications for organic transistors with a focus on the most recent publications. In particular, we concentrate on three main types of organic transistor-based sensors: biosensors, pressure sensors and “e-nose”/vapour sensors.
Feline immunodeficiency virus diagnosis after vaccination (2004)

Prior to the widespread use of vaccination for the control of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection, diagnosis was made by the detection of antibodies against FIV. A number of commercial animal side tests perform quite well for this determination, with positive predictive values between 91 and 100% and negative predictive values between 96 and 100%. Furthermore, results of these tests could be confirmed by western blot analysis of FIV test-positive sera. Currently, a killed whole virus FIV vaccine has been made available to practitioners. Vaccinated cats seroconvert by ELISA and western blot, making presently available diagnostic tests, which rely on antibody detection, useless in cats after vaccination. The advisory panels of the American Association of Feline Practitioners and Academy of Feline Medicine both recommend testing for feline leukemia virus antigen and FIV antibody before vaccination.
A Correction Insulin Bolus Delivery Strategy for Decision Support Systems in Type 1 Diabetes (2021)

Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) requires affected individuals to perform multiple daily actions to keep their blood glucose levels within the safe rage and avoid adverse hypo-/hyperglycemic episodes. Decision support systems (DSS) for T1D are composite tools that implement multiple software modules aiming to ease such a burden and to improve glucose control. At the University of Padova, we are developing a new DSS that currently integrate a smart insulin bolus calculator for optimal insulin dosing and a rescue carbohydrate intake advisor to tackle hypoglycemia. However, a module specifically targeting hyperglycemia, that suggests the administration of corrective insulin boluses (CIB), is still missing. For such a scope, this work aims to assess a recent literature methodology, proposed by Aleppo et al., which provides a simple strategy for dealing with hyperglycemia. The methodology is tested retrospectively on clinical data of individuals with T1D. In particular, here we leveraged a novel in silico tool that first identifies a non-linear model of glucose-insulin dynamics on data, then uses such model to simulate and compare the glucose trace obtained by "replaying" the recorded scenario and the glucose trace obtained using the CIB delivery strategy under evaluation. Results show that the CIB delivery strategy significantly reduce the percentage of time spent in hyperglycemia (-15.63%) without inducing any hypoglycemic episode, demonstrating both safety and efficacy of its use. These preliminary results suggest that the CIB delivery strategy proposed by Aleppo et al. is a promising candidate to be included in our system to counteract hyperglycemia. Future work will extensively evaluate the methodology and will compare it against other competing approaches.
Use of Zernike Circle Polynomials for Noncircular Pupils (2013)

The orthonormal polynomials for various pupils discussed in the preceding chapters represent balanced aberrations for those pupils, just as the Zernike circle polynomials (discussed in Chapter 4) do for a circular pupil. In this chapter, we consider the use of circle polynomials for the analysis of a noncircular wavefront. Since the circle polynomials form a complete set, any wavefront, regardless of the shape of the pupil (which defines the perimeter of the wavefront), can be expanded in terms of them. Moreover, since each orthonormal polynomial is a linear combination of the circle polynomials [see Eq. (3-18)], the wavefront fitting with the former set of polynomials is as good as that with the latter. However, we illustrate the pitfalls of using circle polynomials for a noncircular pupil by considering an annular and a hexagonal pupil. It is shown that, unlike the orthonormal coefficients, the circle coefficients generally change as the number of polynomials used in the expansion changes. Although the wavefront fit with a certain number of circle polynomials is the same as that with the corresponding orthonormal polynomials, the piston circle coefficient does not represent the mean value of the aberration function, and the sum of the squares of the other coefficients does not yield its variance. While the interferometer setting errors of tip, tilt, and defocus from a 4-circle-polynomial expansion are the same as those from the orthonormal polynomial expansion, these errors obtained from, say, an 11-circlepolynomial expansion, and removed from the aberration function yield wrong polishing by zeroing out the residual aberration function. If the common practice of defining the center of an interferogram and drawing a circle around it is followed, and determining the circle coefficients in the same manner as for a circular interferogram, then the circle coefficients of a noncircular interferogram do not yield a correct representation of the aberration function. Moreover, in this case, some of the higher-order coefficients of aberrations that are nonexistent in the aberration function are also nonzero. Finally, the circle coefficients, however obtained, do not represent coefficients of the balanced aberrations for a noncircular pupil. Such results are illustrated analytically and numerically by considering annular and hexagonal Seidel aberration functions as examples.
Accelerometer Based Method for Tire Load and Slip Angle Estimation (2019)

Tire mounted sensors are emerging as a promising technology, capable of providing information about important tire states. This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art in the field of smart tire technology, with a special focus on the different signal processing techniques proposed by researchers to estimate the tire load and slip angle using tire mounted accelerometers. Next, details about the research activities undertaken as part of this study to develop a smart tire are presented. Finally, novel algorithms for estimating the tire load and slip angle are presented. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.