gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of Inter-Vehicle Communication (2004)

As a component of the intelligent transportation system (ITS) and one of the concrete applications of mobile ad hoc networks, inter-vehicle communication (IVC) has attracted research attention from both the academia and industry of, notably, US, EU, and Japan. The most important feature of IVC is its ability to extend the horizon of drivers and on-board devices (e.g., radar or sensors) and, thus, to improve road traffic safety and efficiency. This paper surveys IVC with respect to key enabling technologies ranging from physical radio frequency to group communication primitives and security issues. The mobility models used to evaluate the feasibility of these technologies are also briefly described. We focus on the discussion of various MAC protocols that seem to be indispensable components in the network protocol stack of IVC. By analyzing the application requirements and the protocols built upon the MAC layer to meet these requirements, we also advocate our perspective that ad hoc routing protocols and group communication primitives migrated from wired networks might not be an efficient way to support the envisioned applications, and that new coordination algorithms directly based on MAC could be designed for this purpose. 1
<sup>17</sup>O and <sup>11</sup>B NMR spectroscopic study of substituted benzo[d]‐2,2‐difluoro‐1,3,2‐oxoniaoxaboratins (1995)

Abstract 17 O NMR data are reported for 10 benzo[d]‐2,2‐difluoro‐1,3,2‐oxoniaoxaboratins derived from various ortho‐hydroxyacetophenones and for 2,2‐difluoro‐1,3,2‐oxoniaoxaboratins derived from related hydroxyacetyl naphthalenes and hydroxybenzophenones. The signal for the carbonyl‐like oxygen for these compounds is substantially shielded and appears at 288 ± 22 δ. The single bonded oxygen signal for the 1,3,2‐oxoniaoxaboratins appears at 122 ± 6 δ, except for the naphthalene analogs, whose signal appears at 146 ± 10 δ. The 11 B NMR signal for these compounds is insensitive to structural changes and appears at 0.85 ± 0.25 δ. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Surface Displacement by Spherical Pressure Sources of relatively Large Radius compared with Those Depth (2007)

火山における地殻変動を解釈するモデルとして、従来、山川（1955）の解析解に基づく「茂木-山川モデル」（または、単に「茂木モデル」）が多く用いられてきた。山川の解は、深さに対して充分小さな球圧力源が半無限均質弾性体内に存在するという、限定された条件下においてのみ成立する解であるが、球圧力源の深さDに対する半径aがどの程度の場合まで山川の解が精度良く成立するのかについては、定量的な検証はこれまでほとんどなされていない。一方、McTigue（1987）による解析解は、山川の解をa/Dが大きい場合にも適用できるよう修正したものであるが、この解についても山川の解と同様、適用限界についての定量的な検証はこれまで行われていない。そこで、本研究では、有限要素法（FEM）を用いてa/Dが大きなモデルを作成し、地表面変位の数値解を求め、２つの解析解との比較を行った。その結果、２つの解析解の適用限界が明らかとなった。例えば、FE解析結果に1％以内で一致するa/D の値は、山川の解で0.22，McTigueの解で0.45であることが判明した。a/Dがこれらの値より小さな場合には、２つの解析解は充分精度良く成立すると言えよう。a/D がこれより大きくなると、２つの解析解とFE解析結果との食い違いは次第に顕著になっていく。一方、FE解析結果に山川の解を適用してDおよびaを決定すると、a/D が大きくなった場合、Dは真の値よりも過剰に浅く決定されるが、aは真の値に比較的近い値に決定され、従って、圧力源の体積変化量ΔVも比較的正確に見積もることができる。
OFDM-PAPR Reduction using Statistical Clipping and Window based Noise Filtering (2013)

This paper presents an alternate approach for the iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) method used for the peak-to-averagepower-ratio (PAPR) reduction in OFDM systems. As the resultant in-band noise due to clipping after Z consecutive iterations is approximately proportional to the clipping noise generated in the single iteration, therefore this in-band noise obtained after first iteration is statistically scaled to measure the in-band clipping noise of Z iterations. This approximated in-band clipping noise may be further used for refining the OFDM signal by using statistical clipping (SC) approach [1]. However, the outof-band clipping noise is also a significant drawback for OFDM systems, which restricts the efficiency of transmitter. Therefore, the main focus of presented research work is on the out-of-band clipping noise suppression using the Kaiser window based filtering, in addition to the in-band clipping noise excision using SC method, which may be termed as statistical clipping and window based filtering approach (SC-W). The simulation results are presented to compare the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of the underlying wireless OFDM systems using the ICF, SC, SC-W techniques for PAPR reduction. The complementary cumulative density function (CCDF) and power spectral density (PSD) characteristics are also investigated to infer the results, which depict that the proposed SC-W PAPR reduction technique meets the requirements of transmit mask specified in IEEE 802.11a. The exclusive advantage of SC-W method over ICF approach is low computational complexity and reduced out of band clipping noise.
Regulation of the Primate Fetal Adrenal Cortex* (1990)

Significant advances in our understanding of the regulation of fetal adrenal growth, differentiation, and steroidogenesis have been made in the past several years. In vitro studies employing molecular biological techniques have demonstrated that the placenta and several fetal tissues synthesize growth factors and/or oncogene-related products, which have the capacity to modulate growth and maturation of the fetal adrenal. Moreover, there is evidence that the fetal adrenal itself produces IGF-I and IGF-II and that the mRNAs for these growth factors are responsive to ACTH and perhaps other peptides originating in the fetal pituitary and/or the placenta. Most fascinating are the studies demonstrating that growth factors may also regulate the pattern of steroidogenesis elicited by the fetal adrenal. For example, TGF beta modulates binding, internalization, and degradation of LDL-cholesterol in adult adrenals while IGF-I increases fetal adrenal steroidogenesis by mechanisms that do not involve induction of P-450scc or enhanced metabolism of LDL. These studies, coupled with the observation that activation of protein kinase C by EGF or bFGF can block ACTH and/or other cAMP-induced increases in the activity of P-450(17 alpha), provide new insight into the subcellular mechanisms that underlie the regulation of fetal adrenal function. However, in vivo investigations must be aggressively pursued because the latter provide a major and perhaps exclusive means to elucidate the complex and multiple mechanisms that are apparently operative in utero in the regulation of fetal adrenal development. Moreover, in vivo studies remain the only valid means to delineate whether the factors that have been shown to modulate fetal adrenal function in vitro are indeed operable in vivo. Thus, in vivo investigations have shown that a multifactorial regulation of the fetal adrenal exists in utero in which PRL and perhaps other peptides as well as ACTH selectively stimulate fetal adrenal androgen production. Moreover, in vivo studies have demonstrated that a feedback mechanism operates in utero whereby estrogen produced in the placenta from androgen precursors of fetal adrenal origin feeds back to modulate the responsivity of the fetal adrenal to tropic peptides perhaps by regulating peptide binding to cell membrane receptors and/or other mechanisms. Evidence has also been provided from in vivo studies to support the concept that the placenta via metabolism of maternal cortisol and cortisone regulates fetal pituitary production of ACTH by modulating the extent to which maternal cortisol arrives at the fetus.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Green Fluorescent Protein-Tagged β-Arrestin Translocation as a Measure of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Activation (2003)

The G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily is the largest family of integral membrane proteins. GPCRs respond to a wide variety of sensory and chemical stimuli and contribute directly to the regulation of all major organ systems. As such, GPCRs represent primary drug targets for therapeutic intervention. Although GPCRs respond to a diverse range of ligands and signal through multiple heterotrimeric G proteins, the inactivation of GPCR signaling is mediated by a limited set of proteins. In particular, the desensitization of the majority of GPCRs is mediated by the binding of two arrestin isoforms, beta-arrestin1 and beta-arrestin2, that exhibit overlapping substrate specificity. In response to GPCR activation and phosphorylation by GPCR kinases, beta-arrestins redistribute from the cytosol to the plasma membrane to bind GPCRs and subsequently target the receptors for internalization via clathrin-coated vesicles. This property of beta-arrestins has allowed the development of a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-based assay for detecting GPCR activation by confocal microscopy. This beta-arrestin-GFP translocation methodology is described in detail in this chapter.
Sequential Removal of Monosaccharides from the Reducing End of Oligosaccharides. 2. Fundamental Studies of a Reaction between Hydrazino Compounds and Sugars Having a Glycosyl Moiety on a Carbon Atom Adjacent to a Carbonyl Group (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequential Removal of Monosaccharides from the Reducing End of Oligosaccharides. 2. Fundamental Studies of a Reaction between Hydrazino Compounds and Sugars Having a Glycosyl Moiety on a Carbon Atom Adjacent to a Carbonyl GroupBrad Bendiak, Mary E. Salyan, and Mario PantojaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 25, 8245–8256Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00130a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00130a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views504Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effects of dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and vitamin E on the immune response of healthy geriatric dogs (2003)

An optimum amount of dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentration, regardless of the dietary n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio, stimulates the CD8+ T cell population. Effects of an optimum amount of dietary alpha-tocopheryl acetate concentration on the DTH response are blunted by dietary n-3 fatty acids.
Synthesis, purification, and characterization of the cytoplasmic domain of the human insulin receptor using a baculovirus expression system. (1988)

The cytoplasmic domain of the beta subunit of the human insulin receptor has been overexpressed in insect cells using the baculovirus expression system. A recombinant baculovirus (BIR-2) was constructed by inserting the human insulin proreceptor cDNA fragment that encodes the cytoplasmic domain of the receptor into the genome of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus adjacent to the strong polyhedrin promoter. Synthesis of the protein (baculovirus insulin receptor kinase (BIRK), Mr 48,000) in BIR-2-infected Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells was detected 24 h after infection and maximal accumulation (2-3% of the cytosolic protein) was achieved 48-72 h post-infection. The expressed protein is active as a soluble protein tyrosine kinase, both in Sf9 cells and in vitro. Rapid purification to near homogeneity was accomplished by sequential chromatography on Fast-Q-Sepharose and phenyl-Superose with an overall yield of 35% and a specific activity with histone as substrate of 20 nmol/min/mg protein. Autophosphorylation activated the intrinsic kinase activity of BIRK and decreased its mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Using a combination of tryptic digestion and immunoprecipitation with specific antipeptide antisera, it was ascertained that 30-40% of the 32P incorporated into BIRK by autophosphorylation is in the carboxyl-terminal domain (that includes tyrosyl residues 1316 and 1322 of the human proreceptor). Of the remaining radioactivity, 75% is in the amino-terminal domain (that includes tyrosyl residues 953, 960, 972, 999, and 1075) and 25% is in the conserved autophosphorylation domain (including tyrosyl residues 1146, 1150, and 1151). Limited digestion of BIRK with trypsin yielded a fragment, Mr 38,000, that lacks the carboxyl-terminal domain. This fragment exhibits protein tyrosine kinase activity that is stimulated by autophosphorylation. The properties of the soluble, monomeric BIRK are similar to those of the intact, activated, oligomeric insulin receptor kinase with respect to specificity, immunoreactivity, divalent cation requirements, and specific activity. These observations coupled with the ease of producing 0.4 mg of purified enzyme from 100 ml of suspension culture suggest that BIRK will be useful for biochemical and biophysical analysis of the insulin receptor protein tyrosine kinase.
Vasculature in pre‐blastema and nerve‐dependent blastema stages of regenerating forelimbs of the adult newt, <i>Notophthalmus viridescens</i> (2002)

Immunocytochemistry utilizing a monoclonal antibody (BV1; blood vessel 1) highly reactive to the vasculature of the adult newt showed that a developing vasculature was present during early, pre-blastema, and early-bud blastema stages of forelimb regeneration in this species. Infusion of Prussian Blue and DiI into the brachial artery further delineated the intactness of this early vasculature. Finally, macroscopic observations of vascular flow underneath the apical epithelial cap (AEC) and microsurgical removal of the AEC and observation of subsequent bleeding buttressed the conclusion that an intact vasculature exists during early nerve-dependent stages of newt forelimb regeneration. The results suggest that this process of neovascular formation is angiogenesis, i.e., the formation of new vessels from pre-existing vessels in the stump. Furthermore, angiogenesis is an ongoing process initiated early after amputation. Blastema cells and the AEC are likely sourcesof factors that stimulate neovascularization.
Multilevel Transmission Line Pulse (MTLP) tester (2004)

A novel TLP testing approach, multilevel TLP (MTLP), is described, which can yield accurate and comprehensive snapback IV measurements unlike in the conventional TLP testing methodology with different system impedances. The experimental validity of the MTLP methodology and setup are demonstrated with measurement results from different snapback devices.
Differential effects of mineral and organic N sources, and of ectomycorrhizal infection by <i>Hebeloma cylindrosporum</i>, on growth and N utilization in <i>Pinus pinaster</i> (2000)

ABSTRACT The effect of ectomycorrhizal association of Pinus pinaster with Hebeloma cylindrosporum was investigated in relation to the nitrogen source supplied as mineral (NH 4 + or NO 3 − ) or organic N ( L ‐glutamate) and at 5 mol m − 3 . Plants were grown for 14 and 16 weeks with mineral and organic N, respectively, and samples were collected during the last 6 weeks of culture. Total fungal biomass was estimated using glucosamine amount and its viability was assessed using the glucosamine to ergosterol ratio. Non‐mycorrhizal plants grew better with NH 4 + than with NO 3 − and grew very slowly when supplied with L ‐glutamate. The presence of the fungus decreased the growth of the host plant with mineral N whereas it increased it with L ‐glutamate. Whatever the N source, most of the living fungal biomass was associated with the roots, whereas the main part of the total biomass was assayed outside the root. The form of mineral N did not significantly affect N accumulation rates over the 42 d in control plants. In mycorrhizal plants grown on either N source, the fungal tissues developing outside of the root were always the main N sink. The ectomycorrhizal association did not change 15 NH 4 + uptake rate by roots, suggesting that the growth decrease of the host‐plant was related to the carbon cost for fungal growth and N assimilation rather than to a direct effect on NH 4 + acquisition. In contrast, in NO 3 − ‐grown plants, in addition to draining carbon for NO 3 − reduction the fungus competed with the root for NO 3 − uptake. With NH 4 + or NO 3 − feeding, although mycorrhizal association improved N accumulation in shoots, we concluded that it was unlikely that the fungus had supplied the plant with N. In L ‐glutamate‐grown plants, the presence of the fungus increased the proportion of glutamine in the xylem sap and improved both N nutrition and the growth rate of the host plant.
Polyoctahedral Silsesquioxane-Nanoparticle Electrolytes for Lithium Batteries: POSS-Lithium Salts and POSS-PEGs (2011)

Nanocomposite electrolytes have been prepared from mixtures of two polyoctahedral silsesquioxanes (POSS) nanomaterials, each with a SiO1.5 core and eight side groups. POSS-PEG8 has eight polyethylene glycol side chains that have low glass transition (Tg) and melt (Tm) temperatures and POSS-benzyl7(BF3Li)3 is a Janus-like POSS with hydrophobic phenyl groups and −Si–O–BF3Li ionic groups clustered on one side of the SiO1.5 cube. The electron-withdrawing POSS cage and BF3 groups enable easy dissociation of the Li+. In the presence of polar POSS-PEG8, the hydrophobic phenyl rings of POSS-benzyl7(BF3Li)3 aggregate and crystallize, forming a biphasic morphology, in which the phenyl rings form the structural phase and the POSS-PEG8 forms the conductive phase. The −Si–O–BF3– Li+ groups of POSS-benzyl7(BF3Li)3 are oriented toward the polar POSS-PEG8 phase and dissociate so that the Li+ cations are solvated by the POSS-PEG8. The nonvolatile nanocomposite electrolytes are viscous liquids that do not flow under their own weight. POSS-PEG8/POSS-benzyl7(BF3Li)3 at O/Li = 16/1 has a conductivity of σ = 2.5 × 10–4 S/cm at 30 °C, which is 17 times greater than that of POSS-PEG8/LiBF4, and a low activation energy (Ea ∼ 3–4 kJ/mol); σ = 1.6 × 10–3 S/cm at 90 °C and 1.5 × 10–5 S/cm at 10 °C. The lithium ion transference number was tLi+ = 0.50 ± 0.01, as a result of the reduced mobility of the large, bulky anion, and the system exhibited low interfacial resistance that stabilized after 3 days (both at 80 °C).
Coating of metals with titanium diboride by chemical vapor deposition (1977)

This study is an experimental investigation of the chemical vapor deposition of titanium diboride on metallic substrates by the hydrogen reduction of TiCl/sub 4/ and BCl/sub 3/ at temperatures between 850/sup 0/C and 1100/sup 0/C. Kovar, tantalum, and several stainless steels were found to be suitable substrates since they could withstand the deposition temperature, had adequate resistance to HCl, a by-product of the deposition reaction, and had thermal expansion coefficients sufficiently close to that of TiB/sub 2/ (less than or equal to10 x 10/sup -6///sup 0/C). The TiB/sub 2/ coatings produced were 68.2% Ti and thus near stoichiometry and had very low impurity content. They had Knoop hardnesses averaging 3300 kg/mm/sup 2/ and exhibited extraordinary erosion resistance.
Distributed Spatiotemporal Suppression for Environmental Data Collection in Real-World Sensor Networks (2013)

Environmental processes are often severely oversampled. As sensor networks become more ubiquitous for this purpose, increasing network longevity becomes ever more important. Radio transceivers in particular are a great source of energy consumption, and many networking algorithms have been proposed that seek to minimize their use. Traditionally, such approaches are often data agnostic, i.e., their performance is not dependent on the properties of the data they transport. In this paper we explore algorithms that exploit environmental relationships in order to reduce the amount of transmitted data while maintaining expected levels of accuracy. We employ a realistic testing environment for evaluating the power savings brought by such algorithms, based on Sensorscope, a commercial sensor network product for environmental monitoring. We implement and test a suppression-based data collection algorithm from literature that to our knowledge has never been implemented on a real system, and propose modifications that make it more suitable for real-world conditions. Using a custom extension board developed for in situ power monitoring, we show that while the algorithms greatly reduce the amount of energy spent on transmitting packets, they have no effect on the real system's overall power consumption due to its preexisting network architecture.
Modulation of the myogenic mechanism: concordant effects of NO synthesis inhibition and O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>dismutation on renal autoregulation in the time and frequency domains (2016)

Renal blood flow autoregulation was investigated in anesthetized C57Bl6 mice using time- and frequency-domain analyses. Autoregulation was reestablished by 15 s in two stages after a 25-mmHg step increase in renal perfusion pressure (RPP). The renal vascular resistance (RVR) response did not include a contribution from the macula densa tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase [N(G)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME)] reduced the time for complete autoregulation to 2 s and induced 0.25-Hz oscillations in RVR. Quenching of superoxide (SOD mimetic tempol) during l-NAME normalized the speed and strength of stage 1 of the RVR increase and abolished oscillations. The slope of stage 2 was unaffected by l-NAME or tempol. These effects of l-NAME and tempol were evaluated in the frequency domain during random fluctuations in RPP. NO synthase inhibition amplified the resonance peak in admittance gain at 0.25 Hz and markedly increased the gain slope at the upper myogenic frequency range (0.06-0.25 Hz, identified as stage 1), with reversal by tempol. The slope of admittance gain in the lower half of the myogenic frequency range (equated with stage 2) was not affected by l-NAME or tempol. Our data show that the myogenic mechanism alone can achieve complete renal blood flow autoregulation in the mouse kidney following a step increase in RPP. They suggest also that the principal inhibitory action of NO is quenching of superoxide, which otherwise potentiates dynamic components of the myogenic constriction in vivo. This primarily involves the first stage of a two-stage myogenic response.
Training and analyzing deep recurrent neural networks (2013)

Time series often have a temporal hierarchy, with information that is spread out over multiple time scales. Common recurrent neural networks, however, do not explicitly accommodate such a hierarchy, and most research on them has been focusing on training algorithms rather than on their basic architecture. In this pa-per we study the effect of a hierarchy of recurrent neural networks on processing time series. Here, each layer is a recurrent network which receives the hidden state of the previous layer as input. This architecture allows us to perform hi-erarchical processing on difficult temporal tasks, and more naturally capture the structure of time series. We show that they reach state-of-the-art performance for recurrent networks in character-level language modeling when trained with sim-ple stochastic gradient descent. We also offer an analysis of the different emergent time scales. 1