gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of polymers with polycarbonate sequences and their depolymerization; an example of thermodynamic recycling (1993)

Abstract Initiators based on hydroxytelechelic polyethylene oxide, polytetrahydrofuran and polydimethylsiloxane were used for the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of 2.2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate (DTC). Under suitable conditions high yields of block copolymers of the AB and ABA types were obtained, depending on the initiator used. Ring‐closing depolymerization of poly(2.2‐dimethyltrimethylene carbonate) [poly(DTC)] and of copolymers containing poly(DTC) blocks with catalysts based on potassium or tin results under suitable conditions in DTC.
The Response of Survey Meters to Pulsed Radiation Fields (1987)

The response of most survey meters to steady radiation fields is fairly well known and documented. However, hardly any data is available in the literature regarding the response of these instruments to pulsed radiation. Pulsed radiation fields are encountered, e.g., in the vicinity of linear electron accelerators or klystrons. An instrument that ordinarily responds well to the average dose rate spread out evenly in time may not be able to cope with such a high dose rate. Instruments which have long dead times such as Geiger Mueller and proportional counters tend to become saturated in such fields and only count repetition rate. Ionization chambers are less influenced, however, they must be operated with adequate voltage to overcome recombination losses. Scintillation survey meters may become non-linear at higher dose rates for pulsed radiation because the photomultiplier cannot handle the instantaneous currents that are required. Because of the need to test the response of different radiation detection instruments to pulsed fields, a pulsed x-ray facility has been built (I/sub p/87). A brief description of this facility is given along with tests of several different instruments. 5 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
The importance of digital inclusion in accessing care and support in our increasingly digitised world (2021)

The Journal of Social Inclusion (JoSI) is a peer-reviewed academic journal that will contribute to current knowledge and understanding of the social processes that marginalise individuals, families and communities. The journal will be published bi-annually under the guidance of an International Editorial Advisory Board. The Journal of Social Inclusion (JoSI) is an initiative of the School of Human Services and Social Work, Griffith University.
Envelope Tracking Power Supply with Fully Controlled 4th Order Output Filter (2006)

This paper describes the derivation of a practical solution to designing a medium-power non-isolated DC/DC power converter with very low output ripple voltage and very high output voltage slew-rate capability. The converter is intended for powering and efficiency-optimizing an RFPA (Radio Frequency Power Amplifier) in a communications system base station. A simple and effective analog control scheme for the converter (buck with 4th order output filter) is developed, along with an accurate linear model The proposed approach is verified experimentally by a 500W output prototype, capable of greater than 1 V//spl mu/s slew rate with 40mVpp of output ripple and efficiency above 90%.
Abstract C29: Elevated CDKN1A (p21) expression in human cancer cell variants selected for resistance to the novel microtubule depolymerizing agent BAL27862 (active moiety of BAL101553). (2011)

Abstract BAL27862 is a synthetic small molecule that induces tumor cell apoptosis due to inhibition of tubulin polymerization via a potentially new mechanism of action. Administered as the prodrug BAL101553, BAL27862 is currently undergoing Phase I evaluation in advanced cancer patients. We have previously demonstrated that BAL27862 retains activity in a broad panel of MDR1(+) and MDR1(−) human breast and ovarian cancer cell variants selected for resistance to taxanes (Abstract 4412, AACR 2010). In this current study, we established five variants selected for stable drug resistance in cell lines from human lung cancer (H460 and A549), acute T-cell leukemia (Jurkat), ovarian cancer (SK-OV-3) and cervical cancer (HeLa). These variants are approximately 3- to 24-fold resistant to BAL27862. The resistance is not transporter mediated, with no activation of ABCB1 (MDR1/P-glycoprotein) following drug selection, no change in activity in cells co-incubated with known P-glycoprotein inhibitors (PSC-833, 2 μM) and no difference in either accumulation or retention of [14C]-BAL27862 relative to parental controls. Tubulin polymerization assays indicated a higher proportion of tubulin in the polymerized fraction from resistant lines, indicating microtubule stabilization. Consistently, most lines exhibited increased sensitivity to microtubule stabilizers (e.g. resistance factors [RF = antiproliferative IC50 resistant line/parental line] for paclitaxel: H460=0.4; Jurkat=0.7). Strikingly, differential responses to standard microtubule-destabilizing agents were evident. For example, RFs for Jurkat cells were lower for both vincristine (2.5) and colchicine (10) as compared to BAL27862 (24); whereas, similar RFs were measured in SK-OV-3 (3, 5 and 4, respectively). Finally, relative to parental controls, altered tubulin isoform content was observed in some BAL27862-selected lines, but elevated CDKN1A (p21) protein expression was observed in 4 out of 5 of the resistant variants (SK-OV-3, H460, A549 and HeLa). Q-PCR analysis indicated an associated elevation in p21 mRNA levels only in lines with enhanced protein expression. As aberrant p21 expression has been previously related to poor prognosis and chemotherapy resistance in cancer patients, the potential of using this biomarker to support patient stratification efforts in future trials is worthy of further study. The functional significance of p21 to the resistance phenotype, and other key alterations identified through more detailed genomic profiling (Stanford's HEEBO microarrays), will be studied by gene transfer and gene silencing experiments. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C29.
Effect of colchicine on atherosclerosis. III. Study of dermal elastic fibers by quantitative histochemistry, automated image analysis. (1985)

Computerized automatic-image analytical procedure was applied on dermal biopsies stained for elastin by a new procedure giving a completely white background and staining only the elastic fiber system. In arteriosclerotic hypertensive patients, a 3-4 months' treatment with 1 mg colchicine per day resulted in a significant (60-80%, p less than 0.01) increase of the dermal elastic fiber density both in the superficial papillary dermis and in the deep dermis. This result shows that the age-dependent increase of elastic fibers can be influenced by pharmacological means. The inhibition by colchicine of the synthesis and secretion of the fibroblast-derived metalloelastase-type protease could be a plausible explanation of this finding.
Survey of Auto Seat Design Recommendations for Improved Comfort (1994)

Lear Seating Corporation, Southfield, Mich.
ChemInform Abstract: DISUBSTITUTION IN 2,3‐DICHLOROMALEIMIDES (1977)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung von Dichlormaleinimiden (I) mit Aminen in Äthanol erhält man nur die monosubstituierten Verbindun ‐ gen (II).
Glucocorticoid cotreatment induces apoptosis resistance toward cancer therapy in carcinomas. (2003)

Chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer often have severe side effects that limit their efficacy. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are frequently used as cotreatment because they may have potent proapoptotic properties and reduce nausea, hyperemesis, and acute toxicity on normal tissue. In contrast to the proapoptotic effect of GCs in lymphoid cells, resistance toward cancer therapy-mediated apoptosis was induced in solid tumors of human cervix and lung carcinomas. Filter hybridization, expression data, as well as functional assays identified multiple core apoptosis molecules, which are regulated by GCs in a pro- or antiapoptotic manner. Both antiapoptotic genes such as FLIP and members of the Bcl-2 and IAP family as well as proapoptotic elements of the death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis pathways were down-regulated in carcinomas resulting in a decreased activity of caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3. In contrast, death receptor and mitochondrial apoptosis signaling as well as caspase activity was enhanced by dexamethasone in lymphoid cells. To restore apoptosis sensitivity in dexamethasone-treated carcinomas, caspase-8 and caspase-9 were transfected. This resensitized tumor cells in vitro and xenografts in vivo to cisplatin induced cell death. These data therefore raise concern about the widespread combined use of GCs with antineoplastic drugs or agents in the clinical management of cancer patients.
Predicting and preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): the need for individualized not standardized treatment (2012)

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is the most serious complication of controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) as part of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). While the safety and efficacy of ART is well established, physicians should always be aware of the risk of OHSS in patients undergoing COS, as it can be fatal. This article will briefly present the pathophysiology of OHSS, including the key role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), to provide the foundation for an overview of current techniques for the prevention of OHSS. Risk factors and predictive factors for OHSS will be presented, as recognizing these risk factors and individualizing the COS protocol appropriately is the key to the primary prevention of OHSS, as the benefits and risks of each COS strategy vary among individuals. Individualized COS (iCOS) could effectively eradicate OHSS, and the identification of hormonal, functional and genetic markers of ovarian response will facilitate iCOS. However, if iCOS is not properly applied, various preventive measures can be instituted once COS has begun, including cancelling the cycle, coasting, individualizing the human chorionic gonadotropin trigger dose or using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist (for those using a GnRH antagonist protocol), the use of intravenous fluids at the time of oocyte retrieval, and cryopreserving/vitrifying all embryos for subsequent transfer in an unstimulated cycle. Some of these techniques have been widely adopted, despite the scarcity of data from randomized clinical trials to support their use.
Demand Responsive Transport as Being Paratransit Mode: Istanbul Modelling (2016)

This paper focuses on demand responsive transport (DRT) structure and how to apply it in Istanbul. It describes and classifies paratransit modes, also highlights parameters of DRT systems as a type of paratransit mode. It is emphasized that the key of DRT recommended solution to traffic density based on private cars is satisfying dynamic requests and the other parameters must be organized by focusing dynamic passengers' mobility. Required economical, technological schemes in addition to structural concepts and labor relations for DRT paratransit system are defined in examples (FAMS, LITRES-2). To apply the DRT systems in metropolitan Istanbul where inefficient paratransit systems and traffic problems exist, significant breakthroughs about the concepts and technology of DRT are needed. Therefore it elaborates appropriate concept, technological development and business connections for Istanbul DRT study.
Doherty Feed-Forward Amplifier Performance Using a Novel Crest Factor Reduction Technique (2007)

This letter describes a novel iterative crest factor reduction (CFR) technique applied to a Doherty feedforward linear power amplifier (DFFLPA). This novel CFR technique is based on repeated peak cancellations and uses a scaling factor to reduce complexity. According to our results, only three iterations result in over 4-dB reduction for a two carrier WCDMA signal. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm was able to enhance the DFFLPA system efficiency from 11.5% to 18.3%
Inactivating hepatitis C virus in donor lungs using light therapies during normothermic ex vivo lung perfusion (2019)

Availability of organs is a limiting factor for lung transplantation, leading to substantial mortality rates on the wait list. Use of organs from donors with transmissible viral infections, such as hepatitis C virus (HCV), would increase organ donation, but these organs are generally not offered for transplantation due to a high risk of transmission. Here, we develop a method for treatment of HCV-infected human donor lungs that prevents HCV transmission. Physical viral clearance in combination with germicidal light-based therapies during normothermic ex-vivo Lung Perfusion (EVLP), a method for assessment and treatment of injured donor lungs, inactivates HCV virus in a short period of time. Such treatment is shown to be safe using a large animal EVLP-to-lung transplantation model. This strategy of treating viral infection in a donor organ during preservation could significantly increase the availability of organs for transplantation and encourages further clinical development.
The differentiation potential of tracheal basal cells. (1988)

The objective of this study was to examine the differentiation potential of basal cells purified from rabbit tracheas by means of centrifugal elutriation. Cell suspensions containing between 83 and 94% basal cells were inoculated into tracheal grafts denuded of their own epithelium and transplanted to the backs of nude mice. Within 1 week after inoculation, the basal cells reestablished a continuous poorly differentiated epithelial sheet which at 2 to 4 weeks showed typical mucociliary differentiation. Basal cells, ciliated cells, goblet cells, and secretory cells with small granules were present. Some of the latter contained abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum and others contained predominantly smooth endoplasmic reticulum. These data indicate that basal cells can give rise to all major tracheal cell types suggesting that they are the main stem cell in the large airways of rabbits.
Information Aggregation in Intelligent Systems Using Generalized Operators (2006)

Aggregation of information represented by membership functions is a central matter in intelligent systems where fuzzy rule base and reasoning mechanism are applied. Typical examples of such systems consist of, but not limited to, fuzzy control, decision support and expert systems. Since the advent of fuzzy sets a great number of fuzzy connectives, aggregation operators have been introduced. Some families of such operators (like t-norms) have become standard in the field. Nevertheless, it also became clear that these operators do not always follow the real phenomena. Therefore, there is a natural need for finding new operators to develop more sophisticated intelligent systems. This paper summarizes the research results of the authors that have been carried out in recent years on generalization of conventional operators.
The Minimum Rank Objective Function with Hysteresis (2010)

Hysteresis delays the effect of changes in link metric on parent
selection. Such delay makes the topology stable despite jitters in
link metrics. The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks
(RPL) allows the use of objective functions to construct routes that
optimize or constrain a routing metric on the paths. This
specification describes the Minimum Rank Objective Function with
Hysteresis (MRHOF), an objective function that minimizes the node rank
in terms of a given metric, while using hysteresis to prevent
excessive rank churn. The use of MRHOF with RPL results in nodes
selecting stable paths that minimize the given routing metric to the
roots of a Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG).
Environmentally Sensitive Color‐Shifting Fluorophores for Bioimaging (2020)

We introduce color-shifting fluorophores that reversibly switch between a green and red fluorescent form through intramolecular spirocyclization. The equilibrium of the spirocyclization is environmentally sensitive and can be directly measured by determining the ratio of red to green fluorescence, thereby enabling the generation of ratiometric fluorescent probes and biosensors. Specifically, we developed a ratiometric biosensor for imaging calcium ions (Ca<sup>2+</sup> ) in living cells, ratiometric probes for different proteins, and a bioassay for the quantification of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate.
Platelet‐activating factor is a messenger in the electroconvulsive shock‐induced transcriptional activation of c‐<i>fos</i> and <i>zif</i>‐268 in hippocampus (1994)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF, 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine), undetectable in resting neural tissue, accumulates in brain during seizures. A hetrazepine, BN-50730, is shown here to displace [3H]PAF-specific binding from microsomal, but not from synaptosomal membranes, indicating selectivity for a high affinity intracellular binding site. Rats pretreated with BN-50730 by intraperitoneal or intracerebroventricular injection exhibited an inhibition of the electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced expression of c-fos and zif-268 in hippocampus. A much more pronounced, dose-dependent inhibition of ECS-induced zif-268 mRNA in hippocampus by intracerebroventricular injection of BN-50730 was observed. It is concluded that, in the hippocampus, PAF is a mediator of the expression of zif-268 and, to a lesser extent, c-fos through an intracellular specific binding site. Thus, PAF may be a messenger in signal regulated zinc-finger transcription factors, and in other immediate-early genes involved in long-term synaptic plasticity changes.
Anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for early-stage Dupuytren's disease (RIDD): a phase 2b, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (2022)

Intranodular injections of adalimumab in participants with early-stage Dupuytren's disease resulted in softening and reduction in size of the nodules. Longer follow-up would be required to assess the effect of tumour necrosis factor inhibition on disease progression, extension deficit and hand function.
Ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspiration of retropharyngeal lymph nodes after radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a novel technique for accurate diagnosis (2018)

EUS-FNA is a safe and effective diagnostic approach for sampling tissues from the RLNs in patients with suspected recurrent NPC.
Reproducible method to enrich membrane proteins with high purity and high yield for an <scp>LC</scp>‐<scp>MS</scp>/<scp>MS</scp> approach in quantitative membrane proteomics (2013)

The proportionately low abundance of membrane proteins hampers their proteomic analysis, especially for a quantitative LC-MS/MS approach. To overcome this limitation, a method was developed that consists of one cell disruption step in a hypotonic reagent using liquid nitrogen, one isolation step using a low speed centrifugation, and three wash steps using high speed centrifugation. Pellets contained plasma, nuclear, and mitochondrial membranes, including their integral, peripheral, and anchored membrane proteins. The reproducibility of this method was verified by protein assay of four separate experiments with a CV of 7.7%, and by comparative LC-MS/MS label-free quantification of individual proteins between two experiments with 99% of the quantified proteins having a CV ≤30%. Western blot and LC-MS/MS results of markers for cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and their membranes indicated that the enriched membrane fraction was highly pure by the absence of, or presence of trace amounts of, nonmembrane marker proteins. The average yield of membrane proteins was 237 μg/10 million HT29-MTX cells. LC-MS/MS analysis of the membrane-enriched sample resulted in the identification of 2597 protein groups. In summary, the developed method is reproducible, produces a highly pure membrane fraction, and generates a high yield of membrane proteins.
Bits-to-symbol mappings for superposition coding based HARQ systems (2013)

We consider the mapping of bits-to-superimposed constellation symbols in terms of the achievable rate on the channel for the HARQ system using superposition coding as proposed in [2]. We show that using a Gray mapping of bits-to-superimposed constellation symbols has better performance than the conventional natural mapping that results from superposition in signal space, for all the values of the superposition ratio. We also show through link-level simulations that the predicted gains in terms of achievable rate can be realized in practice using LDPC codes. Furthermore, we show that the optimal superposition ratio for the Gray mapping case results in conventional higher order constellation symbols after the superposition operation.
Topical tretinoin and epithelial wound healing (1989)

• The effects of topical tretinoin on epithelial wound healing were studied using a porcine model. Eight animals were treated with 0.05% tretinoin cream daily for ten days prior to partial-thickness skin wounding. Daily tretinoin treatment was continued after wounding on two of eight animals. Treatment with topical tretinoin before wounding accelerated epithelial wound healing in partial-thickness wounds. Continued tretinoin treatment on the wounds themselves retarded reepithelialization. Biopsy specimens of wounds with continued tretinoin treatment revealed persistent inflammation and fibroplasia in the dermis. The healing epithelium itself displayed areas of spongiosis and intracytoplasmic pale eosinophilic periodic acid-Schiff-positive, diastase-resistant globules. These globules did not stain with alcian blue. These epidermal alterations may be a direct effect of tretinoin or may be secondary to the underlying inflammation. While the dermal inflammation associated with continued tretinoin treatment appears to retard reepithelialization, epithelial cell alterations may also play a role. (<i>Arch Dermatol</i>1989;125:65-69)
Ostwald ripening of cobalt precipitates in silica aerogels? An ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering study (2005)

Monolithic silica aerogels with radial symmetry were synthesized by supercritical drying, doped to 2% and 10% with cobalt, and reduced with hydrogen. All samples were investigated with ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering. The non-doped aerogels have three populations of scatterers with radii of gyration of about 10, 40 and 60–70 Å. The doped aerogels show an additional structure with a radius of gyration ranging from 1050 to 3000 Å. This structure causes intensity oscillations, thus revealing a relatively narrow size distribution. Scattering curves of the 10%-doped aerogels fitted well to a Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner particle size distribution, thus revealing that Ostwald ripening might have occurred during aerogel preparation. The same range also shows differences depending on whether the samples were reduced, or in their as-prepared condition. Scattering curves obtained from the cylinder-axis region were different from the scattering curves obtained from the sample boundary, indicating a process-dependent skin effect.