gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Delivery of Influenza Subunit Vaccine Formulated with GEM Particles as an Adjuvant (2010)

Nasal administration of influenza vaccine has the potential to facilitate influenza control and prevention. However, when administered intranasally (i.n.), commercially available inactivated vaccines only generate systemic and mucosal immune responses if strong adjuvants are used, which are often associated with safety problems. We describe the successful use of a safe adjuvant Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM) particles derived from the food-grade bacterium Lactococcus lactis for i.n. vaccination with subunit influenza vaccine in mice. It is shown that simple admixing of the vaccine with the GEM particles results in a strongly enhanced immune response. Already after one booster, the i.n. delivered GEM subunit vaccine resulted in hemagglutination inhibition titers in serum at a level equal to the conventional intramuscular (i.m.) route. Moreover, i.n. immunization with GEM subunit vaccine elicited superior mucosal and Th1 skewed immune responses compared to those induced by i.m. and i.n. administered subunit vaccine alone. In conclusion, GEM particles act as a potent adjuvant for i.n. influenza immunization.
“Top-Down” versus “Side-On” Viewing of the Inductively Coupled Plasma (1985)

The inductively coupled plasma is viewed by a “top-down” optical configuration, and the analytical performance is compared to conventional “side-on” viewing in terms of sensitivity, detection limits, linear dynamic range, self-reversal effects, and multielement performance. This comparison is made for a selection of eleven atom and ion lines of eight elements. The results of this study indicate distinct advantages in “top-down” viewing including improved sensitivity, lower detection limits, better signal-to-background ratios, and better compromise viewing position for multielement analysis. An exception to these advantages is increased self-absorption effects observed for the alkali elements.
Room-temperature electric field effect and carrier-type inversion in graphene films (2004)

The ability to control electronic properties of a material by externally applied voltage is at the heart of modern electronics. In many cases, it is the so-called electric field effect that allows one to vary the carrier concentration in a semiconductor device and, consequently, change an electric current through it. As the semiconductor industry is nearing the limits of performance improvements for the current technologies dominated by silicon, there is a constant search for new, non-traditional materials whose properties can be controlled by electric field. Most notable examples of such materials developed recently are organic conductors [1], oxides near a superconducting or magnetic phase transition [2] and carbon nanotubes [3-5]. Here, we describe another system of this kind - thin monocrystalline films of graphite - which exhibits a pronounced electric field effect, such that carriers in the conductive channel can be turned into either electrons or holes. The films remain metallic, continuous and of high quality down to a few atomic layers in thickness. The demonstrated ease of preparing such films of nearly macroscopic sizes and of their processing by standard microfabrication techniques, combined with submicron-scale ballistic transport even at room temperature, offer a new two-dimensional system controllable by electric-field doping and provide a realistic promise of device applications.
Identification of dysmorphic syndromes using landmark-specific local texture descriptors (2016)

The early detection of genetic disorders in infants is crucial for the timely management of patients and disease. The particular facial characteristics of patients affected by dysmorphic syndromes, which account to about half of genetic disorders, allows to identify positive cases prior to cytogenetic results, and avoid the overuse of genetic blood tests. However, the diagnostic accuracy by pediatricians is moderate. In this work, we present a general framework for the detection of genetic disorders from facial pictures, combining geometrical and texture features. Based on the 2D extension of Linear Discriminant Analysis, we propose the extraction of optimal landmark-specific Local Binary Pattern-based features. In particular, the proposed framework computes optimal local image filters and soft neighborhood weighting matrices that enhance the discriminative ability of the system. This new framework was tested on a database of 145 cases, including 73 pathological patients with 15 different genetic syndromes, obtaining a detection accuracy of 0.95.
Evaluation of the template‐based modeling in <scp>CASP12</scp> (2017)

The article describes results of numerical evaluation of CASP12 models submitted on targets for which structural templates could be identified and for which servers produced models of relatively high accuracy. The emphasis is on analysis of details of models, and how well the models compete with experimental structures. Performance of contributing research groups is measured in terms of backbone accuracy, all-atom local geometry, and the ability to estimate local errors in models. Separate analyses for all participating groups and automatic servers were carried out. Compared with the last CASP, two years ago, there have been significant improvements in a number of areas, particularly the accuracy of protein backbone atoms, accuracy of sequence alignment between models and available structures, increased accuracy over that which can be obtained from simple copying of a closest template, and accuracy of modeling of sub-structures not present in the closest template. These advancements are likely associated with more effective strategies to build non-template regions of the targets ab initio, better algorithms to combine information from multiple templates, enhanced refinement methods, and better methods for estimating model accuracy.
Nondestructive readout of holograms in iron-doped lithium niobate crystals (1979)

A study was made of the possibility of holographic recording of data in LiNbO3:Fe crystals and of their readout with light of different wavelengths so as to avoid optical erasure. The holograms were recorded using light of wavelengths λ = 0.44 and 0.63 μ and read out with light of wavelengths λ = 0.69, 0.9, and 1.06 μ. There was no erasure when readout light of the wavelength λ = 1.06 μ and power density 30 W/cm2 was used for one hour. Measurements of the diffraction efficiency of the same hologram at different wavelengths indicated that the photorefraction effect was independent of the readout wavelength. An experimental study of the recording and readout of Fourier holograms of transparencies at different wavelengths demonstrated that all the recorded data could be recovered by varying the angle of incidence of the readout beam.
Clinical experience using incubated autologous macrophages as a treatment for complete spinal cord injury: Phase I study results (2005)

It is concluded that incubated autologous macrophage cell therapy is well tolerated in patients with acute SCI. Further clinical evaluation is warranted.
Spectrally Resolved Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy Based on Global Analysis (2008)

Multicolor fluorescence correlation spectroscopy has been recently developed to study chemical interactions of multiple chemical species labeled with spectrally distinct fluorophores. In the presence of spectral overlap, there exists a lower detectability limit for reaction products with multicolor fluorophores. In addition, the ability to separate bound product from reactants allows thermodynamic properties such as dissociation constants to be measured for chemical reactions. In this report, we utilize a spectrally resolved two-photon microscope with single-photon counting sensitivity to acquire spectral and temporal information from multiple chemical species. Further, we have developed a global fitting analysis algorithm that simultaneously analyzes all distinct auto- and cross-correlation functions from 15 independent spectral channels. We have demonstrated that the global analysis approach allows the concentration and diffusion coefficients of fluorescent particles to be resolved despite the presence of overlapping emission spectra.
The Use of Fiber Optic Sensors for In-Situ Chemical Measurements in the Ocean (1990)

New chemical measurement techniques are continually being developed to improve detection limits, accuracy, reliability, and to obtain data in situ or in real time. Recent work has been done in the development and application of fiber optics and fiber optic sensors (FOS) for the measurement of specific chemical parameters in saltwater systems. To date, FOS have shown great promise and seem destined to become an important contribution to our ability to predict water quality trends in marine and estuarine waters. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is supporting the development of FOS for measuring pH, carbon dioxide, and dissolved oxygen in marine waters. These and other FOS will be discussed with emphasis on sensor design, current research, ocean applications, and future direction.
Fuzz logic based primary frequency control of variable speed wind generators (2007)

To maintain a power reserve to contribute to the primary frequency control with a variable speed wind generator, a fuzzy logic based multivariable control strategy is proposed in this paper. The main result of this paper is to shown that it is possible to create a regular reserve whatever the wind speed without any wind speed measurement. The performance of the proposed primary frequency control strategies are shown with the help of simulations by considering a wind farm including three wind generators.
Rice Root Genetic Architecture: Meta-analysis from a Drought QTL Database (2009)

During the last 10 years, a large number of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling rice root morphological parameters have been detected in several mapping populations by teams interested in improving drought resistance in rice. Compiling these data could be extremely helpful in identifying candidate genes by positioning consensus QTLs with more precision through meta-QTL analysis. We extracted information from 24 published papers on QTLs controlling 29 root parameters including root number, maximum root length, root thickness, root/shoot ratio, and root penetration index. A web-accessible database of 675 root QTLs detected in 12 populations was constructed. This database includes also all QTLs for drought resistance traits in rice published between 1995 and 2007. The physical position on the pseudo-chromosomes of the markers flanking each QTL was determined. An overview of the number of root QTLs in 5-Mb segments covering the whole genome revealed the existence of “hot spots,” The 32 trait × chromosome combinations comprising six or more QTLs were subjected to a meta-QTL analysis using the software package MetaQTL. The method enabled us both to determine the likely number of true QTLs in these areas using an Akaike information criterion and to estimate their position. The meta-QTL confidence intervals were notably reduced and, for the smallest ones, encompassed only a few genes.
Polarization characteristics of phase retardation defect mode lasing in polymeric cholesteric liquid crystals (2004)

We have studied the lasing characteristics of a dye-doped nematic layer sandwiched by two polymeric cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) films as photonic band gap (PBG) materials. The nematic layer acts as a defect layer, the anisotropy of which brings about the following remarkable optical characteristics: (1) reflectance in the PBG region exceeds 50% due to the retardation effect, being unpredictable from a single CLC film; (2) efficient lasing occurs either at the defect mode wavelength or at the photonic band edge; and (3) the lasing emission due to both the defect mode and the photonic band edge mode contains both right- and left-circular polarizations, while the lasing emission from a dye-doped single CLC layer with a left-handed helix is left-circularly polarized.
A Decision Support Approach for Accounts Receivable Risk Management (2014)

Financial disasters in private firms led to increased emphasis on various forms of risk management, to include market risk management, operational risk management, and credit risk management. Financial institutions are motivated by the need to meet increased regulatory requirements for risk measurement and capital reserves. This paper describes and demonstrates a model to support risk management of accounts receivable. We present a decision support model for a large bank enabling assessment of risk of default on the part of loan recipients. A credit scoring model is presented to assess account creditworthiness. Alternative methods of risk measurement for fault detection are compared, and a logistic regression model selected to analyze accounts receivable risk. Accuracy results of this model are presented, enabling accounts receivable managers to confidently apply statistical analysis through data mining to manage their risk.
Syntheses of 3,4-Benzotropolones by Ring-Closing Metatheses (2013)

Ortho-lithiated styrenes or ortho-lithiated benzaldehyde dimethyl acetals were added to 2,2-dimethoxypent-4-enals 7. The resulting alcohols were carried on to the aromatic dienones 10. These were ring-closed by olefin metathesis. Hydrolysis of the dimethyl ketal moiety and enolization provided the 3,4-benzotropolones 5. Overall, this access comprises 4-6 steps and totaled a 22-81% yield.
Placental Cell Expression of HLA-G2 Isoforms Is Limited to the Invasive Trophoblast Phenotype (2003)

The HLA-G message is alternatively spliced into multiple transcripts, two of which encode soluble isoforms. To initiate studies on the specific functions of the soluble isoforms, we produced soluble rHLA-G1 (rsG1) and rsG2 in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and characterized the proteins. Both isoforms were glycosylated and formed disulfide-bonded oligomers. Recombinant sG1 associated with beta(2)-microglobulin, whereas rsG2 did not. Mouse mAb generated to rsG1 (1-2C3), which identified exclusively sG1, and mAb generated to rsG2 (26-2H11), which identified both soluble and membrane G2 (m/sG2), were used for immunohistochemical isoform mapping studies on placental tissue sections. Soluble G1 protein was abundant in many subpopulations of trophoblast cells, whereas m/sG2 protein was present exclusively in extravillous cytotrophoblast cells. Although both isolated placental villous cytotrophoblast cells and chorion membrane extravillous cytotrophoblast cells contained mRNAs encoding sG1 and sG2, protein expression was as predicted from the immunostains with m/sG2 present only in the invasive trophoblast subpopulation. Analysis of function by Northern and Western blotting demonstrated that both rsG1 and rsG2 inhibit CD8alpha expression on PBMC without changing CD3delta expression or causing apoptotic cell death. Collectively, the studies indicate that: 1) both sG1 and m/sG2 are produced in placentas; 2) transcription and translation are linked for sG1, but not G2; 3) expression of G2 is exclusively associated with the invasive phenotype; and 4) the two isoforms of sG may promote semiallogeneic pregnancy by reducing expression of CD8, a molecule required for functional activation of CTL.
A Context-Adaptive Building Information Model for Disaster Management (2008)

Conference paper written by Ulrich Walder, Gerald Glanzer and Thomas Wiessflecker presented at IABSE Conference: Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Bridges, Buildings and Construction Practice, Helsinki, Finland, June 2008.
Time-Series-Data Interpolation Applied to Boundary-Layer Profiles Measured on Different Flights (2023)

Turbulent boundary-layer profiles on an aircraft surface were measured during flight by pitot rakes in an experiment at subsonic speeds. Because separate flights have different flight sequences in terms of time, it is not easy to compare boundary-layer profiles measured on different flights with the corresponding premised conditions directly. Using one flight as a reference, this paper proposes a method to find the closest flight condition for each time instance from data from other flights by calculating a residual norm in combinations of flight variables. The results show that the proposed method successfully finds the best matches of the time instances from the second flight with those of the first flight. In addition, applying the interpolation method using response surface methodology further improves the accuracy of evaluation in the flight range of Mach 0.4 to Mach 0.8. The total uncertainty level of the proposed interpolation method was found to be 5.7%. Although this level of uncertainty is expected to be reduced, the effectiveness of the proposed interpolation method was presented in conjunction with an evaluation of its applicability to determine the riblet effect in reducing skin-friction drag qualitatively.
Localization of a novel susceptibility gene for familial ovarian cancer to chromosome 3p22-p25 (2001)

We performed genome-wide linkage analysis in 58 patients and nine unaffected members among 28 families with no mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, employing a set of 410 microsatellite markers. We initially screened the whole genome, including the X chromosome, by a non-parametric method using the GENEHUNTER program. As a result, chromosome 3p22-p25 showed a suggestive score for linkage [LOD = 3.49 and non-parametric LOD (NPL) = 2.77 at D3S3611] based on a multipoint analysis. Additionally, based on a two-point analysis using dense markers, this 3p22-p25 region showed a P-value < 0.05 at 10 markers and there is suggestive evidence for linkage at two markers within approximately 19 cM (NPL = 2.60 and 2.49 at D3S1597 and D3S3611, respectively). To explore whether the candidate gene in this 3p22-p25 region contributed to carcinogenesis of familial ovarian cancer in a similar fashion to the tumor suppressor gene, we performed loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis. It was observed that the frequency of LOH at four markers in this region was >50% only in tumor tissues from patients with no mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2, not in those with a BRCA1 mutation.
Use of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for creating a deformometer with extended gage length (2014)

The results of studying the peculiarities of use of a fiber-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometer for creating deformometers with extended gage length intended for monitoring the state of large-scale objects are presented. It is shown that the use of a multicoil sensing element provides the possibility of varying its sensitivity and contributes to reduction in the fading of the deformometer’s output signal.
Antibodies as Specific Renin Inhibitors: Studies with Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies and Fab Fragments (1983)

The use of antirenin antibody and Fab may provide a more specific physiologic tool and potential therapeutic agent than the existing pharmacologic inhibitors. The antibody combining site, by virtue of its larger size than organic compounds, has the capacity for a larger number of intramolecular contacts with its ligands, thus allowing increased selectivity and affinity. Renin-specific Fab obtained through immunization with purified dog renal renin has been studied. Fab had no effect on blood pressure in the sodium replete conscious dog but induced systemic hypotensive responses in the sodium deplete animal or during acute renovascular hypertension. These responses were accompanied with complete suppression of plasma renin and angiotensin II levels. The vasodepressor responses of Fab were comparable to the converting enzyme inhibitor, teprotide. However, the latter induced a greater renal vasodilator effect. Since antibodies and their fragments derived from immune sera are limited in their application to physiologic study with respect to lack of homogeneity, reproducibility and limitation of quantity, we obtained monoclonal antibodies to purified human renal renin. Fusion HR3 yielded 14 renin-antibody secreting clones. Six clones have been isolated and characterized. Isotypes include IgG1 and IgM. Kd's range from 6 X 10(-9) to 7.5 X 10(-10)M renin concentration. Five clones produce antibodies with antienzymatic activity. IC50's of these antibodies range from 1 X 10(-6) to 6 X 10(-8)M. All antibodies are renin-specific and do not bind several nonrenin enzymes and proteins examined. They are also highly species specific, i.e., do not crossreact with mouse, dog, bovine or rat renins but recognize hog renin. These catalytic-site directed antibodies may be highly potent and specific tools for physiologic studies in subhuman primates and man.
Real-time stereo vision system at nighttime with noise reduction using simplified non-local matching cost (2016)

Reconstructing the depth information from the 3D scene using stereo vision is a key element in the development of advanced driver assistance systems. We previously proposed a novel real-time stereo matching method based on the Multi-paths Viterbi that outperforms the well-known SGBM (Semi-Global Block-Matching Algorithm) algorithm in both disparity accuracy and density. In this paper, we extend the previous framework to estimate the depth information for challenging environments such as nighttime. Estimating the depth at nighttime is generally challenging as the night images are dark and noisy and the estimated depth information is not accurate. In our proposed work, we modify the non-local means filter and propose a new non-local cost function to combine the noise reduction and stereo vision within a single framework. We evaluate our proposed algorithm on both natural and synthetic datasets and show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the quality of the stereo results in the low light condition. Moreover, our proposed method can be implemented in real-time for autonomous driver applications.
Simulation of Manufacturing Variations in a Z-axis CMOS-MEMS Gyroscope (2002)

This paper uses MEMS circuit-level simulation to correlate gyro performance measures such as zero rate output (ZRO), linear acceleration sensitivity (S a) and cross-axis sensitivity (S ca) to geometrical asymmetries. Elastic and electrostatic asymmetries in the gyroscope may arise due to device-level manufacturing variations in beam width, comb gap and metal mask misalignment in the CMOS-MEMS process. Analytical equations for the non-idealities are derived and compared with the simulation results. The analyses and simulations are used to develop pointers for robust design as well as manufacturing tolerances for limiting nonidealities.