gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Route toward Ultrasensitive Layered Carbon Based Piezoresistive Sensors through Hierarchical Contact Design (2017)

Ultrahigh sensitive piezoresistive sensors at small deformation are highly desired in many applications. Here, we propose a hierarchical contact design concept and implement it through a direct laser writing technique for fabricating layered carbon piezoresistive sensors with ultrahigh sensitivity. Sensors with unprecedented gauge factors (∼5000-10 000) at small deformation (ε < 0.1%) were successfully fabricated and demonstrated for their use in sensing both static and high-frequency (20-30 kHz) dynamic mechanical loads. A simple basic structure unit (BSU) contact network model was developed for understanding the importance of the BSU/BSU contact strength and network fractal dimension in dictating the piezoresistive sensitivity of the layered carbon piezoresistive sensors with designed hierarchical contact structures. The hierarchical contact design concept and the contact network model proposed in our work could open a general route for developing ultrasensitive piezoresistive sensors based on granular matter and composite materials.
NOVEL MULTI-SOURCE PHASE-CONTROLLED RADIOFREQUENCY TECHNOLOGY FOR NON-ABLATIVE AND MICRO-ABLATIVE TREATMENT OF WRINKLES, LAX SKIN AND ACNE SCARS (2011)

The basic properties of lasers and pulsed light sources limit their ability to deliver high energy to the dermis and subcutaneous tissues without excessive damage to the epidermis. Radiofrequency was shown to penetrate deeper than optical light sources independent of skin color. The early RF-based devices used single source bipolar RF, which is safe but limited in use due to the superficial flow of energy between the two bipolar electrodes. Another type of single source RF employs a single electrode (monopolar) in which the RF energy flows from one electrode on the surface of the skin through the entire body to a plate under the body. Although more effective than bipolar, this devices require intense active cooling of the skin and may be associated with considerable pain and other systemic and local safety concerns. Latest generation of RF technology developed by EndyMed Medical Ltd. (Caesarea, Israel) utilizes simultaneously six or more phase controlled RF generators (3DEEP technology). The multiple electrical fields created by the multiple sources "repel" or "attract" each other, leading to the precise 3 dimensional delivery of RF energy to the dermal and sub-dermal targets minimizing the energy flow through the epidermis without the need for active cooling. Confocal microscopy of the skin has shown that 6 treatment sessions of Multisource RF technology improve skin structure features. The skin after treatment had longer and narrower dermal papilla and denser and finer collagen fiber typical to younger skin as compared to pre treatment skin. Ultrasound of the skin showed after 6 treatment sessions reduction of 10 percent in the thickness of the subcutaneous fat layer. Non ablative facial clinical studies showed a significant reduction of wrinkles after treatment further reduced at 3 months follow-up. Body treatment studies showed a circumference reduction of 2.9 cm immediately after 6 treatments, and 2 cm at 12 months after the end of treatment, proving long term collagen remodeling effect. Clinical studies of the multisource fractional RF application have shown significant effects on wrinkles reduction and deep atrophic acne scars after 1-3 treatment sessions.
Improved procedure to test causality of tabulated S-parameters (2012)

Tabulated S-parameters are often tested for causality to ensure successful transient simulation. Existing approaches for this test either are not robust or have limited resolution in detecting noncausality. In this paper, a new approach for this test is proposed. The proposed approach is more robust and has better resolution than existing approaches.
Explaining Documents' Classiﬁcations (2011)

This is a design-science paper about methods for explaining data-driven classiﬁcations of text documents. Document classiﬁcation has widespread applications, such as with web pages for advertising, emails for legal discovery, blog entries for sentiment analysis, and many more. Document data are characterized by very high dimensionality, often with tens of thousands to millions of variables (words). Many applications require human understanding of the reasons for classiﬁcation decisions: by managers, client-facing employees, and the technical team. Unfortunately, due to the high dimensionality, understanding the decisions made by the document classiﬁers is very difficult. Previous approaches to gain insight into black-box models do not deal well with high-dimensional data. Our main theoretical contribution is to deﬁne a new sort of explanation, tailored to the business needs of document classiﬁcation and able to cope with the associated technical constraints. Speciﬁcally, an explanation is deﬁned as a set of words (terms, more generally) such that removing all words within this set from the document changes the predicted class from the class of interest. We present an algorithm to ﬁnd such explanations, as well as a framework to assess such an algorithm's performance. We demonstrate the value of the new approach with a case study from a real-world document classiﬁcation task: classifying web pages as containing adult content, with the goal of allowing advertisers to choose not to have their ads appear there. We present a further empirical demonstration on news-story topic classiﬁcation using the 20 Newsgroups benchmark dataset. The results show the explanations to be concise and document-speciﬁc, and to provide insight into the exact reasons for the classiﬁcation decisions, into the workings of the classiﬁcation models, and into the business application itself. We also illustrate how explaining documents' classiﬁcations can help to improve data quality and model performance.
A Novel Reactive Power Control Scheme for CSC Based PMSG Wind Energy System (2008)

This paper presents a reactive power control scheme for Current Source Converter (CSC) based wind energy system using a Permanent Magnetic Synchronous Generator (PMSG). The novelty of the proposed scheme is to adjust d-axis current of the PMSG to achieve reactive power control for the utility grid. The principle of the control scheme is discussed, and theoretical analysis is provided. The effectiveness of the d-axis current control and its impact on the converter operation are investigated. The analysis shows that the reactive power of the wind energy system can be regulated in a wide range, from leading to lagging, by positive or negative d-axis current. Simulation results on a 2.47 MW CSC wind energy system are carried out, and the experimental verification is performed on a 2 kW laboratory prototype.
"Folded" quadrifilar helix antenna (2002)

A new folded quadrifilar antenna is presented with desirable radiation pattern properties, and of smaller dimensions than standard quadrifilar antennas having the same properties. This is achieved by folding the antenna helices. Through this technique, compact quadrifilar antennas can be constructed for several satellite communications applications, such as GPS and satellite radio, as well as indoor wireless applications.
Process Variation Tolerant 3T1D-Based Cache Architectures (2007)

Process variations will greatly impact the stability, leakage power consumption, and performance of future microprocessors. These variations are especially detrimental to 6T SRAM (6-transistor static memory) structures and will become critical with continued technology scaling. In this paper, we propose new on-chip memory architectures based on novel 3T1D DRAM (3-transistor, 1-diode dynamic memory) cells. We provide a detailed comparison between 6T and 3T1D designs in the context of a L1 data cache. The effects of physical device variation on a 3T1D cache can be lumped into variation of data retention times. This paper proposes a range of cache refresh and placement schemes that are sensitive to retention time, and we show that most of the retention time variations can be masked by the microarchitecture when using these schemes. We have performed detailed circuit and architectural simulations assuming different degrees of variability in advanced technology nodes, and we show that the resulting memory architecture can tolerate large process variations with little or even no impact on performance when compared to ideal 6T SRAM designs. Furthermore, these designs are robust to memory cell stability issues and can achieve large power savings. These advantages make the new memory architectures a promising choice for on-chip variation-tolerant cache structures required for next generation microprocessors.
Decontamination of VX, GD, and HD on a Surface Using Modified Vaporized Hydrogen Peroxide (2006)

Vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VHP) has proven efficacy for biological decontamination and is a common gaseous sterilant widely used by industry. Regarding chemical warfare agent decontamination, VHP is also effective against HD and VX, but not GD. Simple addition of ammonia gas to VHP affords reactivity toward GD, while maintaining efficacy for HD (and bioagents) and further enhancing efficacy for VX. Thus, modified VHP is a broad-spectrum CB decontaminant suitable for fumigant-type decontamination scenarios, i.e., building, aircraft, and vehicle interiors and sensitive equipment. Finally, as an interesting aside to the current study, commercial ammonia-containing cleaners are also shown to be effective surface decontaminants for GD, but not for VX or HD.
I/Q Imbalance Estimation for Direct Conversion Receivers by Jointly Using the Existing Preambles and Blind Estimation (2015)

In this paper, we study the baseband estimation of the frequency- dependent imbalance between the in-phase and quadrature branches (I/Q imbalance) of a direct-conversion receiver, by exploiting the preambles which is not specially designed for I/Q imbalance estimation. We propose an in-service estimation method which consists of two stages: the first stage utilizes the existing preambles in a standard-compliant system to estimate the frequency-independent component of the I/Q imbalances on only a subset of subcarriers; in the second stage, a blind estimation method is proposed to estimate the frequency-dependent component of I/Q imbalances on all subcarriers, based on the result of the first stage and the second-order statistics of the received signal. The proposed estimation method is applicable to commonly used multi-carrier systems.
Induction of CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells using heterologous prime‐boost immunisation strategies (1999)

One of the current challenges in vaccine design is the development of antigen delivery systems or vaccination strategies that induce high protective levels of CD8+ T cells. These cells are crucial for protection against certain tumours and intracellular pathogens such as the liver-stage parasite of malaria. A liver-stage malaria vaccine should therefore include CD8+ T-cell-inducing components. This review provides an overview of prime-boost immunisation strategies that result in protective CD8+ T-cell responses against malaria with an emphasis on work from our laboratory. Possible mechanisms explaining why heterologous prime-boost strategies, in particular boosting with replication-impaired recombinant poxviruses, are so effective are discussed.
One-step synthesis of substituted tetrathiofulvalenes under high pressure (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-step synthesis of substituted tetrathiofulvalenes under high pressureJoseph E. Rice and Yoshiyuki OkamotoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 446–447Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pulse Shaping and Evolution in Normal-Dispersion Mode-Locked Fiber Lasers (2011)

Fiber lasers mode locked with large normal group-velocity dispersion have recently achieved femtosecond pulse durations with energies and peak powers at least an order of magnitude greater than those of prior approaches. Several new mode-locking regimes have been demonstrated, including self-similar pulse propagation in passive and active fibers, dissipative solitons, and a pulse evolution that avoids wave breaking at high peak power but has not been reproduced by theoretical treatment. Here, we illustrate the main features of these new pulse-shaping mechanisms through the results of numerical simulations that agree with experimental results. We describe the features that distinguish each new mode-locking state and explain how the interplay of basic processes in the fiber produces the balance of amplitude and phase evolutions needed for stable high-energy pulses. Dissipative processes such as spectral filtering play a major role in normal-dispersion mode locking. Understanding the different mechanisms allows us to compare and contrast them, as well as to categorize them to some extent.
Flexible Channel Feedback Quantization in Multiple Antenna Systems (2005)

We propose a new vector quantization (VQ) algorithm for reducing the bit rate used for channel state information feedback in a variety of multiple antenna systems on flat and frequency selective channels. We consider an approach where the receiver chooses an instantaneous capacity maximizing entry from a small finite set of predefined covariance matrices. The codebook of covariance matrices is constructed based on separate optimization of the channel eigenvectors and power allocation among them. If, for the given channel realization, one of the predefined covariance matrices provides higher capacity than equal power distribution, the indices of the two codebooks are fed to the transmitter; otherwise, the transmitter uses the open-loop approach. We implement the proposed algorithm on flat fading and frequency selective MIMO channels and show the influence of the feedback rate on system capacity. For the case of flat fading, the required feedback rates are approximately equal to the product of the number of transmit and receive antennas. Although much higher feedback throughput is needed for reliable channel state information feedback in OFDM systems, we show a simple clustering technique to lower the required bit rate.
All-optical packet switching with all-optical header processing and 2R regeneration (2005)

We demonstrate a 1/spl times/4 10 Gb/s all-optical packet switch with all-optical header processing and 2R regeneration using injection-locked Fabry-Perot lasers diodes. The header and payload rates are 5 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s respectively.
Phytosulfokine-α, a Peptide Growth Factor Found in Higher Plants: Its Struc-ture, Functions, Precursor and Receptors (2000)

Phytosulfokine-alpha, a sulfated pentapeptide growth factor universally found in both monocotyledons and dicotyledons, strongly promotes proliferation of plant cells in culture. It is similar to animal polypeptide hormones in that it is processed from a larger precursor, preprophytosulfokine, although the putative processing sites do not conform to consensus sequences for endoproteolytic processing sites flanking animal prohormones. Like the animal preprohormones, preprophytosulfokine also has a signal peptide at the N-terminus for targeting to secretory pathways. The preprophytosulfokine gene has been confirmed to be expressed in vivo as well as in vitro.
Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes anatomical and functional recovery of injured peripheral nerves in the avascular cornea (2013)

Peripheral nerve injury is a major neurological disorder that can cause severe motor and sensory dysfunction. Neurogenic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have been found in the central nervous system, and we examined whether VEGF could promote anatomical and functional recovery of peripheral nerves after injury using an avascular corneal nerve injury model. We found that VEGF enhanced neurite elongation in isolated trigeminal ganglion neurons in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was suppressed by neutralizing antibodies for VEGF receptor (VEGFR) 1 and 2 or neuropilin receptor 1 or by VEGFR2 inhibitors (SU 1498 and Ki 8751). In vivo, mice receiving sustained VEGF via implanted pellets showed increased corneal nerve regeneration after superficial injury compared with those receiving vehicle. VEGF injected subconjunctivally at the time of injury accelerated reinnervation, the recovery of mechanosensation, and epithelial wound healing. Endogenous VEGF expression was up-regulated in the corneal epithelium and stroma after wounding. Thus, VEGF can mediate peripheral neuron growth but requires the activation of multiple VEGF receptor types. In addition, VEGF can accelerate the return of sensory and trophic functions of damaged peripheral nerves. Wounding induces the expression of VEFG, which may modulate physiological nerve repair.
Distance-adaptive and fragmentation-aware optical traffic grooming in flexible grid optical networks (2014)

We propose the first distance-adaptive and fragmentation-aware optical traffic grooming algorithm in flexible grid optical networks. The algorithm achieves at least 14% spectrum savings and 13% transponder savings compared to the existing algorithms.
Identification of prosaposin as a neurotrophic factor. (1994)

Prosaposin was identified as a neurotrophic factor stimulating neurite outgrowth in murine neuroblastoma (NS20Y) cells and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activity in human neuroblastoma (SK-N-MC) cells. The four naturally occurring saposins, which are derived by proteolytic processing of prosaposin, were tested for activity. Saposin C was found to be active, whereas saposins A, B, and D were inactive as neurotrophic factors. Dose-response curves demonstrated that nanomolar concentrations of prosaposin and saposin C stimulated neurite outgrowth and increased ChAT activity. Prosaposin and saposin C exerted activity by a mechanism independent of nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and neurotrophin 3. Binding assays utilizing saposin C as a ligand gave two saturable binding constants, a high-affinity (Kd = 19 pM) and a low-affinity (Kd = 1 nM) constant, with 2000 and 15,000 sites per NS20Y cell, respectively. Phosphorylation stimulation experiments demonstrated that brief treatment with prosaposin or saposin C enhanced phosphorylation of a variety of proteins, some of which contained phosphorylated tyrosine(s). Since both cell lines were also stimulated by ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) as well as prosaposin, inhibition was tested by utilizing an anti-gp130 monoclonal antibody, which specifically inhibited CNTF stimulation; this antibody did not inhibit prosaposin or saposin C stimulation. These results indicate that prosaposin and saposin C are neurotrophic factors which initiate signal transduction by binding to a high-affinity receptor that induces protein phosphorylation.
Analysis of the<i>bmp</i>Gene Family in<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>Sensu Lato (2000)

BmpA, BmpB, BmpC, and BmpD are homologous Borrelia burgdorferi lipoproteins of unknown functions, encoded by the bmp genes of paralogous chromosomal gene family 36. At least some of the Bmp proteins are immunogens in infected vertebrate hosts. The genetic organization of the bmp region has been characterized for a variety of B. burgdorferi sensu lato strains by Southern hybridization, PCR amplification, and DNA sequencing. All four bmp genes were present in the same relative order in all B. burgdorferi sensu lato low- and high-passage-number isolates. While there were no differences in the relative orders of the bmp genes in these species, variations in DNA sequence in the bmpD-bmpC and bmpC-bmpA intergenic regions were significantly more common than in the corresponding 3' bmpD and bmpC coding regions. The genetic structure of the chromosomal region containing the bmp genes thus appears to be well conserved across different species of B. burgdorferi, but variations in DNA fine structure that prevent PCR primer annealing may occur in this region and make Southern hybridization much more reliable than PCR for detection of the presence of these genes. Our results also suggest that bmp gene products may be used as reagents in the preparation of vaccines and diagnostic assays to protect against and diagnose Lyme disease produced by B. burgdorferi sensu lato.
Abstract C40: Salicylic acid-based small molecule inhibitors of Stat3 show potent and selective activity in a variety of human cancer cell lines (2009)

Abstract Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) protein is an oncogenic transcription factor that exhibits aberrant functioning in many types human cancer. Constitutive Stat3 activation causes over-expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and makes cancer cells resistant to natural apoptotic processes. Inhibiting Stat3 reduces the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and can selectively kill cancerous cells. We have identified several salicylic acid based inhibitors of Stat3 that show potent activity in vitro and in whole cell assays. In silico docking studies have revealed S3I-201, a known Stat3 inhibitor, exhibits incomplete occupation of Stat3's SH2 domain. A thorough structure activity relationship study has provided a series of compounds that more completely occupy Stat3's SH2 domain and show potent and highly selective activity against Stat3 and a variety of human cancers. Inhibitor design, synthesis, in vitro and in vivo assays and preliminary metabolic studies will be discussed. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):C40.
Discovery of RMC-5552, a Selective Bi-Steric Inhibitor of mTORC1, for the Treatment of mTORC1-Activated Tumors (2022)

Hyperactivation of mTOR kinase by mutations in the PI3K/mTOR pathway or by crosstalk with other mutant cancer drivers, such as RAS, is a feature of many tumors. Multiple allosteric inhibitors of mTORC1 and orthosteric dual inhibitors of mTORC1 and mTORC2 have been developed as anticancer drugs, but their clinical utility has been limited. To address these limitations, we have developed a novel class of “bi-steric inhibitors” that interact with both the orthosteric and the allosteric binding sites in order to deepen the inhibition of mTORC1 while also preserving selectivity for mTORC1 over mTORC2. In this report, we describe the discovery and preclinical profile of the development candidate RMC-5552 and the in vivo preclinical tool compound RMC-6272. We also present evidence that selective inhibition of mTORC1 in combination with covalent inhibition of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> shows increased antitumor activity in a preclinical model of <em>KRAS</em><sup><em>G12C</em></sup> mutant NSCLC that exhibits resistance to KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> inhibitor monotherapy.