gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scheduling for heterogeneous opportunistic workstation clusters (1998)

In recent years, Clusters of networked Workstations have become an increasingly popu lr source of Computing resources for large, computation and memory intensive calcu- lations.Instead of setting aside dedicated Workstations for such Clusters, the spare Com puting resources of interactively used Workstations can be harnessed into opportunistic Clusters.Since equipment in Workstation environmentsis often underutilized,oppor tunistic Clusters offer the potential of obtaining considerable computation resources at essentially no additional hardware cost.In this dissertation, I present the design and implementation of DMW, a system to schedule a collection of interdependent Computing Jobs on an opportunistic Cluster consisting of Workstations basedon a variety of hardware and Software platforms, con nected by a local area network and sharing a common file namespace.Designers of distributed Systems often have to choose between fully distributed communication architecturesand architectureswith some of the communication and decision flow concentrated in a central component.Having implemented both a fully distributedand a partially centralized version of DMW, I contrast the two approaches, concluding that the partially centralized approach offers better Performance and global fairness and reduces communication overhead compared to the fully distributed ap proach.
Energy-Efficient Sleep/Wake Scheduling for Acoustic Localization Wireless Sensor Network Node (2014)

Both energy-saving and synchronization issues are the paramount concern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In this paper we propose a simple and efficient WSN node design based on acoustic positioning applications and present an on-demand sleep/wake scheduling synchronization protocol. Three aspects are already considered in the design: (a) power controllable; (b) energy efficient; (c) high synchronization accuracy. Our primary goal is to maximize energy saving and to control power supplying according to environments and demands. We establish a model of energy consumption and improve it by the ways of power control and on-demand synchronization. The on-demand synchronization protocols are implemented in sensor nodes and evaluated in a testbed. Analysis and simulation were performed that the proposed protocol has significantly reduced the energy consumption. It is also demonstrated by experiments that the platform is accurate and effective.
Epileptogenesis (2015)

Epileptogenesis is a chronic process that can be triggered by genetic or acquired factors, and that can continue long after epilepsy diagnosis. In 2015, epileptogenesis is not a treatment indication, and there are no therapies available in clinic to treat individuals at risk of epileptogenesis. However, thanks to active research, a large number of animal models have become available for search of molecular mechanisms of epileptogenesis. The first glimpses of treatment targets and biomarkers that could be developed to become useful in clinic are in sight. However, the heterogeneity of the epilepsy condition, and the dynamics of molecular changes over the course of epileptogenesis remain as challenges to overcome.
Unsupervised Change Detection using DRE-CUSUM (2022)

This paper presents DRE-CUSUM, an unsupervised density-ratio estimation (DRE) based approach to determine statistical changes in time-series data when no knowledge of the pre-and post-change distributions are available. The core idea behind the proposed approach is to split the time-series at an arbitrary point and estimate the ratio of densities of distribution (using a parametric model such as a neural network) before and after the split point. The DRE-CUSUM change detection statistic is then derived from the cumulative sum (CUSUM) of the logarithm of the estimated density ratio. We present a theoretical justification as well as accuracy guarantees which show that the proposed statistic can reliably detect statistical changes, irrespective of the split point. While there have been prior works on using density ratio based methods for change detection, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first unsupervised change detection approach with a theoretical justification and accuracy guarantees. The simplicity of the proposed framework makes it readily applicable in various practical settings (including high-dimensional time-series data); we also discuss generalizations for online change detection. We experimentally show the superiority of DRE-CUSUM using both synthetic and real-world datasets over existing state-of-the-art unsupervised algorithms (such as Bayesian online change detection, its variants as well as several other heuristic methods).
Nano-Organization of Amylose-<i>b</i>-Polystyrene Block Copolymer Films Doped with Bipyridine (2011)

This paper discusses the self-assembly of rod-coil amylose-b-polystyrene (Mal-b-PS) block copolymer thick and thin films. The nano-organization falls in an interdomain spacing d of about 10 nm, much smaller than flexible-flexible petrol block copolymer systems. Additionally, hydrogen-bonding interactions between carbohydrate rods (amylose) and 4',4-bipyridine (bipy) molecules induces phase transitions. Indeed, adding bipy in maltooctadecaose-block-polystyrene (Mal18-b-PS) copolymers results, at room temperature, in the formation of a lamellar phase having Mal18 bipy-rich nanodomains instead of hexagonal close-packed (HCP) of cylinders made of Mal18, whereas a coexistence of Mal7bipy-rich cylindrical and spherical nanodomains are formed from maltoheptaose-b-polystyrene (Mal7-b-PS) copolymers instead of a poorly organized array of Mal7-based cylinders. On heating, the Mal7bipy-b-PS system shows more rich phase behavior as compared to the Mal7-b-PS one due to weakening of hydrogen bonding with temperature. Such a system is of great interest in developing active layers in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or in photovoltaic cells to realize devices with an optimal structure, that is, having large interface area and domain size with similar exciton diffusion length (10 nm).
Introducing phonetic information to speaker embedding for speaker verification (2019)

Abstract Phonetic information is one of the most essential components of a speech signal, playing an important role for many speech processing tasks. However, it is difficult to integrate phonetic information into speaker verification systems since it occurs primarily at the frame level while speaker characteristics typically reside at the segment level. In deep neural network-based speaker verification, existing methods only apply phonetic information to the frame-wise trained speaker embeddings. To improve this weakness, this paper proposes phonetic adaptation and hybrid multi-task learning and further combines these into c-vector and simplified c-vector architectures. Experiments on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) speaker recognition evaluation (SRE) 2010 show that the four proposed speaker embeddings achieve better performance than the baseline. The c-vector system performs the best, providing over 30% and 15% relative improvements in equal error rate (EER) for the core-extended and 10 s–10 s conditions, respectively. On the NIST SRE 2016, 2018, and VoxCeleb datasets, the proposed c-vector approach improves the performance even when there is a language mismatch within the training sets or between the training and evaluation sets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed methods.
Deciphering the genesis and fate of amyloid β-protein yields novel therapies for Alzheimer disease (2002)

The biogenesis of AβWhen APP was first cloned, the 40-and 42-residue Aβ peptides were found to comprise the last 28 amino acids of its large, N-terminal ectodomain plus the first 12 or 14 residues of its single transmembrane (TM) domain (Figure 1).This location predicted that the proteolytic cleavage creating the C-terminus of Aβ required some previous disruption of the membrane to allow access by the responsible protease (dubbed γ-secretase) into the phospholipid bilayer.It was therefore widely assumed that Aβ production was not a primary event in AD but rather followed neuronal membrane injury.The subsequent discovery that both Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 peptides are constitutive products of cellular metabolism and occur in normal biological fluids throughout life disproved this notion (reviewed in ref.3).The normal scission of APP near the middle of its TM domain to create Aβ provided an initial example of the mechanism that came to be recognized as regulated intramembrane proteolysis (4).The unusual protease that effects this cleavage will be discussed below.APP is a type 1 membrane glycoprotein that undergoes N-and O-linked glycosylation during its trafficking through the secretory pathway.At steady state, a small subset of APP molecules is found on the plasma membrane, and these can undergo ectodomain shedding by a proteolytic activity called α-secretase (Figure 1).The disintegrin metalloproteinases ADAM 10 and ADAM 17 can serve as α-secretases for APP (5,6).The 83-residue C-terminal fragment (C83) retained in the membrane can then undergo constitutive cleavage by γ-secretase to release the p3 peptide (residues 17-40/42
Experimental evaluation of MEMS strain sensors embedded in composites (1999)

Micromechanical in-plane strain sensors were fabricated and embedded in fiber-reinforced laminated composite plates. Three different strain sensor designs were evaluated: a piezoresistive filament fabricated directly on the wafer; a rectangular cantilever beam; and a curved cantilever beam. The cantilever beam designs were off surface structures, attached to the wafer at the root of the beam. The composite plate with embedded sensor was loaded in uniaxial tension and bending. Sensor designs were compared for repeatability, sensitivity and reliability. The effects of wafer geometry and composite plate stiffness were also studied. Typical sensor sensitivity to a uniaxial tensile strain of 0.001 (1000 /spl mu//spl epsi/) ranged from 1.2 to 1.5% of the nominal resistance (dR/R). All sensors responded repeatably to uniaxial tension loading. However, for compressive bending loads imposed on a 2-3-mm-thick composite plate, sensor response varied significantly for all sensor designs. This additional sensitivity can be attributed to local buckling and subsequent out of plane motion in compressive loading. The curved cantilever design, constructed with a hoop geometry, showed the least variation in response to compressive bending loads. All devices survived and yielded repeatable responses to uniaxial tension loads applied over 10 000 cycles.
Bayesian Semisupervised Learning with Deep Generative Models (2017)

Neural network based generative models with discriminative components are a powerful approach for semi-supervised learning. However, these techniques a) cannot account for model uncertainty in the estimation of the model's discriminative component and b) lack flexibility to capture complex stochastic patterns in the label generation process. To avoid these problems, we first propose to use a discriminative component with stochastic inputs for increased noise flexibility. We show how an efficient Gibbs sampling procedure can marginalize the stochastic inputs when inferring missing labels in this model. Following this, we extend the discriminative component to be fully Bayesian and produce estimates of uncertainty in its parameter values. This opens the door for semi-supervised Bayesian active learning.
Efficient introduction of cloned mutant alleles into the Escherichia coli chromosome (1991)

An efficient method for moving mutations in cloned Escherichia coli DNA from plasmid vectors to the bacterial chromosome was developed. Cells carrying plasmids that had been mutated by the insertion of a resistance gene were infected with lambda phage containing homologous cloned DNA, and resulting lysates were used for transduction. Chromosomal transductants (recombinants) were distinguished from plasmid transductants by their ampicillin-sensitive phenotype, or plasmid transductants were avoided by using a recBC sbcB E. coli strain as recipient. Chromosomal transductants were usually haploid when obtained in a nonlysogen because of selection against the lambda vector and partially diploid when obtained in a lysogen. Pure stocks of phage that carry the resistance marker and transduce it at high frequency were obtained from transductant bacteria. The lambda-based method for moving mutant alleles into the bacterial chromosome described here should be useful for diverse analyses of gene function and genome structure.
Use of Fourier transform infrared spectra of crude bacterial lipopolysaccharides and chemometrics for differentiation of Salmonella enterica serotypes (2005)

This study suggests that the FTIR analytical procedure provides chemical detail as well as a better separation of Salmonella serotypes using spectra of crude LPS extracts than analysis using DOC-PAGE.
Ultrastable microwave and millimeter wave photonic oscillators (2003)

Novel photonic realizations of ultrastable microwave and millimeter-wave sources are discussed. The phase noise performance of an all-photonic microwave and millimeter-wave oscillator based on a mode-locked semiconductor laser stabilized by a fiber-optic delay-time is investigated. The phase noise performance is calculated using previously derived theory, and it is shown to compare favorably with the performance of state-of-the-art microwave oscillators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diethylene Glycol Monoethyl Ether (Transcutol<sup>®</sup>) Displays Antiproliferative Properties Alone and in Combination with Xanthines (1996)

In the present study we have investigated the effects of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Transcutol) in combination with theophylline, caffeine and dyphylline and alone on 3T3 mouse fibroblast proliferation. These three xanthines (1-0.01 mM) inhibited fibroblast proliferation by themselves. Enhancement of the effect was detected by addition of 1 and 0.1 mM Transcutol. Transcutol alone also displayed a dose-dependent inhibition (2-0.01 mM) of both 3T3 and human normal and psoriatic fibroblasts, although normal human fibroblasts were the least sensitive to Transcutol antiproliferative activity. Transcutol was assessed for its antiproliferative effects on YAC lymphoma and P-815 mastocytoma human cell lines. Transcutol inhibited cell proliferation of both these cell lines, being more effective towards P-815 mastocytoma (at 2 mM it displayed 3.95-fold vs. 2.4-fold inhibition towards YAC lymphoma). In conclusion, we have shown that Transcutol has antiproliferative effects on 3T3 murine, human normal and psoriatic fibroblasts and tumour cell lines. In addition it enhances xanthine antiproliferative effects on 3T3 fibroblasts. Therefore it might be a useful topical drug alone or in combination with xanthines in the treatment of skin hyperproliferative disorders.
Bridging the Gap between Polyfluorene and Ladder-Poly-<i>p</i><i>-</i>phenylene:  Synthesis and Characterization of Poly-2,8-indenofluorene (2000)

We present here a new derivative of poly-p-phenylene (PPP), the poly-2,8-indenofluorene (8a,b), to bridge the gap between 2,7-poly-9,9‘-dialkylfluorene (PF) (2) and ladder-poly-p-phenylene (LPPP) (4). The monomer 7a,b was synthesized starting from 6,12-dihydroindeno[1,2b]fluorene (5), which was four times alkylated, brominated with copper(II) bromide on an aluminum oxide matrix, and polymerized via a Ni(0)-mediated coupling reaction (Mn ∼ (3.3−3.9) × 104 (tuluene, polystyrene standards)). As expected, the wavelength data for absorption and emission are intermediate to those of PF and LPPP and prove the suitability of the polymer to be used as blue-light-emitting material in polymer light-emitting diodes. The polymer 8a,b is stable up to 380 °C and shows thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior at high temperatures (250−300 °C). Oligomers of the 6,6‘,12,12‘-tetraoctylindenofluorene (6a) have been synthesized by Ni(0)-induced coupling of monobromo and dibromo (7a) compounds, to determine the effective conjugation length (n∞,abs = 6−7, n∞,em = 5−6).
Predicting Transit Times For Outbound Logistics (2020)

On-time delivery of supplies to industry is essential because delays can disrupt production schedules. The aim of the proposed application is to predict transit times for outbound logistics thereby allowing suppliers to plan for timely mitigation of risks during shipment planning. The predictive model consists of a classifier that is trained for each specific source-destination pair using historical shipment, weather, and social media data. The model estimates the transit times for future shipments using Support Vector Machine (SVM). These estimates were validated using four case study routes of varying distances in the United States. A predictive model is trained for each route. The results show that the contribution of each input feature to the predictive ability of the model varies for each route. The mean average error (MAE) values of the model vary for each route due to the availability of testing and training historical shipment data as well as the availability of weather and social media data. In addition, it was found that the inclusion of the historical traffic data provided by INRIX™ improves the accuracy of the model. Sample INRIX™ data was available for one of the routes. One of the main limitations of the proposed approach is the availability of historical shipment data and the quality of social media data. However, if the data is available, the proposed methodology can be applied to any supplier with high volume shipments in order to develop a predictive model for outbound transit time delays over any land route.
Inhibition of Topoisomerase IIα Activity in CHO K1 Cells by 2-[(Aminopropyl)Amino]Ethanethiol (WR-1065) (1994)

The aminothiol 2-[(aminopropyl)amino]ethanethiol (WR-1065) is the active thiol of the clinically studied radioprotective agent S-2-(3-aminopropylamino)ethylphosphorothioic acid (WR-2721). WR-1065 is an effective radiation protector when it is administered 30 min prior to exposure of Chinese hamster ovary K1 cells to radiation (i.e., a dose modification factor of 1.4) at a concentration of 4 mM. Under these exposure conditions, topoisomerase (Topo) I and II alpha activities and associated protein contents were measured in cells of the K1 cell line using the DNA relaxation assay, the P4 unknotting assay and immunoblotting, respectively. WR-1065 was ineffective in modifying Topo I activity, but it did reduce Topo II alpha activity by an average of 50%. The magnitude of Topo II alpha protein content, however, was not affected by these exposure conditions. The effects on the cell cycle were monitored by the method of flow cytometry. Exposure of cells to 4 mM WR-1065 for up to 6 h resulted in a build-up of cells in the G2/M-phase compartment. However, under these conditions and in contrast to Topo II inhibitors used in chemotherapy, WR-1065 is an effective radioprotective agent capable of protecting against both radiation-induced cell lethality and mutagenesis. One of several mechanisms of action attributed to aminothiol compounds such as WR-1065 has been their ability to affect endogenous enzymatic reactions involved in DNA synthesis and repair and progression of cells through the phases of the cell cycle. These results are consistent with such a proposed mechanism and demonstrate in particular a modifying effect by WR-1065 on Topo II, which is involved in DNA synthesis.
A Bayesian network classifier with inverse tree structure for voxelwise magnetic resonance image analysis (2005)

We propose a Bayesian-network classifier with inverse-tree structure (BNCIT) for joint classification and variable selection. The problem domain of voxelwise magnetic-resonance image analysis often involves millions of variables but only dozens of samples. Judicious variable selection may render classification tractable, avoid over-fitting, and improve classifier performance. BNCIT embeds the variable-selection process within the classifier-training process, which makes this algorithm scalable. BNCIT is based on a Bayesian-network model with inverse-tree structure, i.e., the class variable C is a leaf node, and predictive variables are parents of C; thus, the classifier-training process returns a parent set for C, which is a subset of the Markov blanket of C. BNCIT uses voxels in the parent set, and voxels that are probabilistically equivalent to them, as variables for classification of new image data. Since the data set has a limited number of samples, we use the jackknife method to determine whether the classifier generated by BNCIT is a statistical artifact. In order to enhance stability and improve classification accuracy, we model the state of the probabilistically equivalent voxels with a latent variable. We employ an efficient method for determining states of hidden variables, thus reducing dramatically the computational cost of model generation. Experimental results confirm the accuracy and efficiency of BNCIT.
Attitude and Heading System based on EKF total state configuration (2011)

This paper describes the design, analysis, and experimental results of an Attitude and Heading System based on total state (direct) Extended Kalman Filtering technique. The presented scheme is suitable for implementation using low cost sensors. Attitude determination systems are essential for real time vehicle navigation, guidance and control applications. When low cost sensors are used, efficient and robust algorithms become necessary for an acceptable performance. For the proposed approach, a low cost Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), formed by 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer, and 3-axis magnetometer, provides the input measurements. A Kalman Filter, in direct configuration, estimates the state of the system, which is formed by a quaternion, representing the body 3D orientation, and the biases of gyros. Experimental results with real data show that the proposed algorithm is able to maintain an accurate and drift-free attitude and heading estimation.
Postmenopausal hormones and sleep quality in the elderly: a population based study (2010)

Postmenopausal women currently using HT had improved sleep quality for two out of five objective measures: shorter WASO and fewer long-wake episodes. The mechanism behind these associations is not clear. For postmenopausal women, starting HT use should be considered carefully in balance with other risks since the vascular side-effects of hormone replacement may exceed its beneficial effects on sleep.
Biological microarrays : methods and protocols (2011)

Recent developments in microarray technology have changed the landscape of biology and biomedical research, and they have revolutionized RNA and DNA research. In Biological Microarrays: Methods and Protocols, expert researchers explore exciting new developments in the field, providing a comprehensive approach to biological microarrays that conveys not only the state-of-the-art fundamentals, but also includes applications of the most innovative methods. Chapters address both the application of biological microarrays, including DNA/RNA, apatmer, proteins, tissues, oligonucleotides, carbohydrates, biomaterials, cells, bacteria, and virus microarrays, and also explore the different techniques used for generating microarray platforms. Composed in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, each chapter contains a brief introduction, step-by-step methods, a list of necessary materials, and a Notes section which shares tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Wide-ranging and revolutionary, Biological Microarrays: Methods and Protocols serves as a primary source for academics, practitioners, and professionals in related fields, including biologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, analytical chemists, and biomedical, physical, and microsystems engineers, to name a few, appealing to all of those interested in the present and future state of biological microarray research