gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Parameterized Linear Magnetic Equivalent Circuit for Analysis and Design of Radial Flux Magnetic Gears—Part I: Implementation (2017)

Magnetic gears offer a promising alternative to mechanical gears with the added benefit of contactless power transfer. However, quick and accurate analysis tools are required to optimize magnetic gear designs and commercialize the technology. Therefore, this paper proposes an extremely fast and accurate 2-D magnetic equivalent circuit (MEC) model of radial flux magnetic gears with surface mounted magnets. This MEC model's distinguishing characteristics include a heavily parameterized gear geometry and a parametrically adjustable systematic flux tube distribution which allow for accurate and efficient analysis of a wide array of designs. Furthermore, the model is fully linear which results in very quick simulation run times without sacrificing significant torque prediction accuracy for most practical designs. This is Part I of a two-part paper and focuses on the implementation of the MEC model. Part II validates the accuracy of the MEC model by comparing its torque and flux density predictions with those produced by nonlinear finite-element analysis.
A hemoglobina do Pseudodoras sp., um bagre da América do Sul: isolamento, caracterização e estudos dos ligantes (1978)

Resumo A hemoglobina do bagre da Amazônia Pseudodoras sp. foi isolada e caracterizada; ela compreende um componente único. A composição da subunidade da hemoglobina é similar à de outras hemoglobinas de teleósteos. O peso molecular nativo aparente determinado pela filtração em gel é 66.000. O peso molecular aparente da subunidade é 14,300 por eletroíorese de diodecil sulfato de sódio. A hemoglobina não polimeriza após a oxidação por ferricianeto de potássio. A hemoglobina não apresenta efeito Root. Um pequeno efeito Bohr é evidente na hemoglobina livre de fosíato: Δ log P1/2/Δ pH não é mais do que cerca de -0.1 a -0.2, e aumenta para Δ log P1/2/Δ pH= -0.4 na presença de 1 mM ATP. A cooperatividade determinada pelo n da equação de Hill é baixa, variando de 0.8 para 1.7, entre os pH 6.1 e 8.6. Os valores de P1/2 das soluções de hemoglobina fracionada são extremamente baixos, menos que 0,5mm Hg, em todos os valores de pH examinados entre 6,1 e 9,0, A alta afinidade do oxigênio é refletida principalmente na velocidade de combinação de CO, que se assemelha às encontradas nas mioglobinas e nas subunidades isoladas da hemoglobina humana. Tanto a velocidade da combinação de CO quanto a velocidade da dissociação de O2 determinada por espectrofotometria de "stopped flow", são sensíveis ao pH e ao fosfato. Entre os pH 6,2 e 8,1, a velocidade de COon aumenta cerca de 5 vezes na hemoglobina livre de fosfato. A adição de 1 mM ATP causa uma depressão na velocidade em todos os valores nos pH examinados. A velocidade de O2off diminui 7 vezes, desde pH 6,0 ao pH 8,2, nas soluções de hemoglobina fracionada. A adição de 1 mM ATP induz uma diminuição de 10 vezes através da mesma escala. Nos valores de pH abaixo de 6,0, ocorre uma depressão na velocidade de 02off na hemoblobina fracionada o que indica um efeito Bohr ácido.
Initial Clinical Results of Tenecteplase (TNK) in Catheter-Directed Thrombolytic Therapy (2002)

Preliminary evidence suggests that TNK doses of 0.25 mg/h to 0.50 mg/h appear to be safe and effective. The potential benefits of TNK therapy warrant further investigation.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Capparis spinosa L. leaf extract and their antibacterial activity (2016)

Plant extracts have recently been used for nanoparticles green synthesis since they are rich in bioactive compounds. The potential of biomolecules present in plant extracts to reduce metal ions to NPs in a single–step green synthesis process is very important. In this study, we have reported the synthesis of silver nanoparticles by reducing the silver ions present in the solution of silver nitrate by the cell free aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa leaves. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were successfully synthesized using C. spinosa extract and the nature of synthesized nanoparticles was analyzed by UV–Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X–ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The antimicrobial effect of NPs produced C. spinosa was studied using different pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus. From the disc diffusion results, the synthesized silver nanoparticles showed an excellent antibacterial property and a high antimicrobial activity compared to the ionic silver.
Directed Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells by Transcription Factors. (2019)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have been used as promising tools for regenerative medicine, disease modeling, and drug screening. Traditional and common strategies for pluripotent stem cell (PSC) differentiation toward disease-relevant cell types depend on sequential treatment of signaling molecules identified based on knowledge of developmental biology. However, these strategies suffer from low purity, inefficiency, and time-consuming culture conditions. A growing body of recent research has shown efficient cell fate reprogramming by forced expression of single or multiple transcription factors. Here, we review transcription factor-directed differentiation methods of PSCs toward neural, muscle, liver, and pancreatic endocrine cells. Potential applications and limitations are also discussed in order to establish future directions of this technique for therapeutic purposes.
Numerical Analysis of Heat Transfer and Flow of Stator Duct Models (2013)

This paper describes the analysis of the fluid flow in the stator ducts of a hydrogenerator using computational fluid dynamics. The main objective is to define permissible simplifications of the model in order to speed up the simulation. Therefore, the rotor-stator interaction is significant and needs to be taken under consideration. The software package ANSYS CFX supports two possibilities to connect these two reference models for steady-state simulations, the Frozen Rotor and the Stage model. Their differences are shown on a couple of parameters comparing these completely different reference models. Another important aspect pointed out in this paper is a comparison of the fluid flow and the heat transfer along one of the stator ducts. Last but not least, a quality and sensitivity study has been accomplished. The dependence of the computed wall heat transfer coefficient on the quality of the mesh near the wall is illustrated. Furthermore, the differences obtained lead to two particular turbulence models with different near-wall treatments, both of which have been applied.
Heparanase-induced shedding of syndecan-1/CD138 in myeloma and endothelial cells activates VEGFR2 and an invasive phenotype: prevention by novel synstatins (2016)

Multiple myeloma arises when malignant plasma cells invade and form multiple tumors in the bone marrow. High levels of heparanase (HPSE) correlate with poor prognosis in myeloma patients. A likely target of the enzyme is the heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycan syndecan-1 (Sdc1, CD138), which is highly expressed on myeloma cells and contributes to poor prognosis in this disease. We find that HPSE promotes an invasive phenotype mediated by the very late antigen-4 (VLA-4, or α4β1 integrin) in myeloma cells plated on either fibronectin (FN) or vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), ligands that are prevalent in the bone marrow. The phenotype depends on vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), which is aberrantly expressed in myeloma, and is characterized by a highly protrusive lamellipodium and cell invasion. HPSE-mediated trimming of the HS on Sdc1 and subsequent matrix metalloproteinase-9-mediated shedding of the syndecan exposes a juxtamembrane site in Sdc1 that binds VEGFR2 and VLA-4, thereby coupling VEGFR2 to the integrin. Shed Sdc1 can be mimicked by recombinant Sdc1 ectodomain or by a peptide based on its binding motif, which causes VLA-4 to re-orient from the lagging edge (uropod) to the leading edge of migrating cells, couple with and activate VEGFR2. Peptides (called 'synstatins') containing only the VLA-4 or VEGFR2 binding sites competitively inhibit invasion, as they block coupling of the receptors. This mechanism is also utilized by vascular endothelial cells, in which it is also activated by HPSE, during endothelial cell tube formation. Collectively, our findings reveal for the first time the mechanism through which HPSE modulates Sdc1 function to promote both tumor cell invasion and angiogenesis, thereby driving multiple myeloma progression. The inhibitory synstatins, or inhibitors of HPSE enzyme activity, are likely to show promise as therapeutics against myeloma extravasation and spread.
An Energy Metering Chip With a Flexible Computing Engine (2019)

This paper presents an energy metering chip with a flexible computing engine. The flexible computing engine includes the metering program and a dedicated DSP. Besides providing the generally required energy metering data, the chip can also provide different energy metering and measurement data through the control registers accessible by a host MCU via the UART or SPI interface. The flexible computing engine adjusts the computing tasks of the DSP according to applications, reducing the amount of redundant computing and, therefore, reducing the power consumption. The chip can be used in general energy metering, fundamental energy metering, direct current (DC) energy metering, and various measurement and monitoring of the electricity signals. The energy metering chip is fabricated in a 0.11-μm CMOS process. The chip meets the metering accuracy requirements by the international standard IEC-62053-21/22/23/24. The grid monitoring of the chip meets the international standard IEC-61000-4-30 Class S. The total power consumption when performing the energy metering is only 6.6 mW. The chip is currently in production.
Local distribution for IMTV (1995)

The local distribution system for an interactive multimedia television (IMTV) system builds on a fiber-to-the-curb (FTTC) architecture that delivers the IMTV signals to and from the home over telephone wiring and coaxial cable. The downstream IMTV channel, from the curb to the home, operates at a data rate of 51.84 Mbps, and the upstream channel, from the home to the curb, operates at a data rate of 1.62 Mbps.
Video matting of complex scenes (2002)

This paper describes a new framework for video matting, the process of pulling a high-quality alpha matte and foreground from a video sequence. The framework builds upon techniques in natural image matting, optical flow computation, and background estimation. User interaction is comprised of garbage matte specification if background estimation is needed, and hand-drawn keyframe segmentations into "foreground," "background" and "unknown". The segmentations, called trimaps, are interpolated across the video volume using forward and backward optical flow. Competing flow estimates are combined based on information about where flow is likely to be accurate. A Bayesian matting technique uses the flowed trimaps to yield high-quality mattes of moving foreground elements with complex boundaries filmed by a moving camera. A novel technique for smoke matte extraction is also demonstrated.
High‐Strength, Durable All‐Silk Fibroin Hydrogels with Versatile Processability toward Multifunctional Applications (2018)

Hydrogels have been the focus of extensive research due to their potential use in fields including biomedical, pharmaceutical, biosensors, and cosmetics. However, the general weak mechanical properties of hydrogels limit their utility. Here, we generate pristine silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties via a binary solvent induced conformation transition (BSICT) strategy. In this method, the conformational transition of SF is regulated by moderate binary solvent diffusion and SF/solvent interactions. β-sheet formation serves as the physical crosslinks that connect disparate protein chains to form continuous 3D hydrogel networks, avoiding complex chemical and/or physical treatments. The Young's modulus of these new BSICT-silk fibroin hydrogels can reach up to 6.5±0.2 MPa, tens to hundreds of times higher than that of conventional hydrogels (0.01-0.1 MPa). These new materials filled the "empty soft materials space" in the elastic modulus/strain Ashby plot. More remarkably, the BSICT-SF hydrogels can be processed into different constructions through different polymer and/or metal based processing techniques, such as molding, laser cutting, and machining. Thus, these new hydrogel systems exhibit potential utility in many biomedical and engineering fields.
The State of Differentiation of Embryonic Chicken Lens Cells Determines Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Internalization* (1990)

Microdissected epithelial cells from chicken embryonic lens differentiate into fiber cells during primary culture. Binding of IGF-I to both cell types has been documented biochemically. This report describes differences in the internalization of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the two cell types using three electron microscopic approaches. Cells were incubated with a biologically active colloidal gold-labeled-IGF-I complex or [125I]IGF-I and prepared for electron microscopy. Other cells were incubated with unlabeled IGF-I and prepared for immunoelectron microscopy, using a colloidal gold-labeled anti-IGF-I antibody to detect the IGF-I. Each technique demonstrated binding of IGF-I on the surface of epithelial and differentiated fiber cells. IGF-I was internalized in epithelial cells. In contrast, the ligand exhibited little endocytosis in fiber cells during a 5 h incubation. Intracellular IGF-I was observed in the endosomes, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes of epithelial cells, in addition, it was shown for the first time that IGF-I was translocated to the nucleus of epithelial cells. The differences between epithelial and fiber cells regarding internalization and nuclear translocation of IGF-I suggest that there are cell-specific itineraries of the hormone, depending on the differentiation stage of the cell. These differences may relate to the specific biological actions of the growth factor on each of these cells, particularly in allowing proliferation and differentiation of the epithelial cells.
Effects of Divalent Ligand Interactions on Surface-Induced Ordering of Liquid Crystals (2010)

We report the synthesis of a mesogen that contains two nitrile groups (4-pentyl-3′,4′-dicyanobiphenyl, DCB), and the use of the mesogen in an investigation of the effects of multivalent ligand interactions on the ordering of liquid-crystalline phases at surfaces decorated with copper (Cu2+) ions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed that DCB was miscible with nematic phases of 4-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl (5CB). Quantitative measurement of the optical retardance of mixtures of DCB and 5CB in contact with surfaces decorated with Cu2+ (characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS) revealed a continuous ordering transition in the nematic LC as a function of increasing concentration of DCB (0.9−2 wt %). In contrast, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of 5 mM Cu2+ dissolved in bulk benzonitrile revealed no evidence of a change in nitrile coordination around the Cu2+ upon addition of 5CB or DCB, thus leading to the proposition that the effect of DCB on the ordering of the LC phases at Cu2+ decorated surfaces is due to divalent coordination interactions of DCB with the immobilized Cu2+ ions. This hypothesis was further tested by measurements of FTIR spectra and surface-induced ordering transitions of LC phases of DCB/5CB upon introduction of dimethylmethylphosphonate (DMMP), an organophosphonate that binds competitively with nitrile groups for Cu2+. These results, when combined, lead us to conclude that it is possible to substantially tune surface-induced ordering of LCs by manipulating the valency of the mesogens and thus coordination interactions of the LCs with metal ions immobilized on surfaces. Overall, the results of this study guide the design of multifunctional liquid crystals for use as chemoresponsive materials.
AN IMMUNOLOGICAL STUDY OF SOME LACTOBACILLI WHICH CAUSE BEER SPOILAGE (1975)

Antisera have been prepared using Lactobacillus brevis, L. casei var. alactosus and L. casei var. rhamnosus. The interaction between these and the acid-soluble antigens of a range of Lactobacillus strains, most of which were isolated from beer, has been studied using a gel diffusion precipitin test; the fluorescent antibody staining technique was used to observe the reaction between whole cells and the antisera. Gel diffusion demonstrated the presence of specific, group and non-specific antibodies. Thus, each antiserum contained (i) a specific antibody towards the organism used to produce the antiserum and towards others in the same taxonomic unit and (ii) a non-specific antibody reacting with antigens from each of the strains of Lactobacillus and also with cells of Pediococcus cerevisiae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally (iii) a serum prepared against L. casei var. rhamnosus contained a group antibody which reacted with an antigen present in Streptobacteria but not in Betabacteria, whilst an antiserum made using L. brevis contained group antibodies reacting with L. brevis and L. plantarum. Fluorescent antibody staining confirmed these distinctions and, using adsorbed sera, allowed the rapid identification of lactobacilli which cause beer spoilage.
A novel insertion element from Mycobacterium avium, IS1245, is a specific target for analysis of strain relatedness (1995)

The insertion sequence IS1245 is a novel mycobacterial repetitive element identified in Mycobacterium avium. It encodes a transposase which exhibits a 64% amino acid similarity with IS1081, an insertion element present in the M. tuberculosis complex. The host range of IS1245 appears limited to M. avium as this element was not identified in M. intracellulare or in any other of 18 mycobacteria species tested. When IS1245 was used for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, human isolates characteristically presented a high number of copies (median, 16; range, 3 to 27) and a diversity of RFLP patterns comparable to that found by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Isolates from nonhuman sources differed both in number of copies and in RFLP pattern diversity: while swine isolates shared the characteristics of human strains, those from several avian sources exhibited a very low copy number of IS1245 and appeared clonal on the basis of RFLP.
Lamellar Hydrogels with High Toughness and Ternary Tunable Photonic Stop‐Band (2013)

A lamellar hydrogel with high toughness, exhibiting ternary stimuli-responsive structural color changes has been synthesized. The gel consists of alternating hard layers of a polymeric surfactant (PDGI) and soft layers of interpenetrating networks of poly(acrylamide)-poly(acrylic acid). Reversible, wide range switching of the stop-band position was achieved using different external stimuli of temperature, pH, and stress/strain.
PARK AND RIDE: NEW CASE STUDIES. (1996)

As a new millennium approaches many of our historic towns and cities are seeking to provide a balanced transport strategy, the intention being to conserve the environment, accessibility and viability of the centres by providing alternatives to the cas as a means of travel. Against this background the meeting reviewed bus-based park and ride operations in both Canterbury and Shrewsbury.
Efficient Copper-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aromatic and Heteroaromatic Iodides: The Beneficial Anchoring Effect of Borates (2014)

Efficient copper-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of aromatic iodides was achieved with TMSCF3 in the presence of trimethylborate. The Lewis acid was used to anchor the in situ generated trifluoromethyl anion and suppress its rapid decomposition. Broad applicability of the new trifluoromethylating reaction was demonstrated in the functionalization of different aromatic and heteroaromatic iodides.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Silicone Polyesters (2010)

The immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica (CALB) was used to synthesize silicone polyesters. CALB routinely generated between 74-95% polytransesterification depending on the monomers that were used. Low molecular weight diols resulted in the highest rates of esterification. Rate constants were determined for the CALB catalyzed polytransesterifications at various reaction temperatures. The temperature dependence of the CALB-mediated polytransesterifications was examined. A lipase from C. rugosa was only successful in performing esterifications using carboxy-modified silicones that possessed alkyl chains greater than three methylene units between the carbonyl and the dimethylsiloxy groups. The proteases alpha-chymotrypsin and papain were not suitable enzymes for catalyzing any polytransesterification reactions.
The flexible parts feeder which helps a robot assemble automatically (1981)

A flexible part feeding systems has been developed in conjunction with a six‐axis robot and vision to assemble 13 components into a portable tape recorder.
Respiration artifact correction in three‐dimensional proton resonance frequency MR thermometry using phase navigators (2015)

Purpose To develop reliable three‐dimensional (3D) segmented echo planar imaging (seg‐EPI) proton resonance frequency (PRF) temperature monitoring in the presence of respiration‐induced B 0 variation. Methods A free induction decay (FID) phase navigator was inserted into a 3D seg‐EPI sequence before and after EPI readout to monitor B 0 field variations. Using the field change estimates, the phase of each k‐space line was adjusted to remove the additional phase from the respiratory induced off‐resonance. This correction technique was evaluated while heating with MR‐guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) in phantoms with simulated breathing and during nonheating conditions in healthy in vivo breasts. Results With k‐space phase correction, the standard deviation of magnitude images and PRF temperature measurements in breast from five volunteers improved by an average factor of 1.5 and 2.1, respectively. Improved accuracy of temperature estimates was observed after correction while heating with MRgFUS in phantoms. Conclusion Phase correction based on two FID navigators placed before and after the echo train provides promising results for implementing 3D monitoring of thermal therapy treatments in the presence of field variations due to respiration. Magn Reson Med 76:206–213, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mining Trajectory Data and Geotagged Data in Social Media for Road Map Inference (2014)

Abstract As mapping is costly and labor‐intensive work, government mapping agencies are less and less willing to absorb these costs. In order to reduce the updating cycle and cost, researchers have started to use user generated content ( UGC ) for updating road maps; however, the existing methods either rely heavily on manual labor or cannot extract enough information for road maps. In view of the above problems, this article proposes a UGC ‐based automatic road map inference method. In this method, data mining techniques and natural language processing tools are applied to trajectory data and geotagged data in social media to extract not only spatial information – the location of the road network – but also attribute information – road class and road name – in an effort to create a complete road map. A case study using floating car data, collected by the National Commercial Vehicle Monitoring Platform of C hina, and geotagged text data from Flickr and G oogle Maps/Earth, validates the effectiveness of this method in inferring road maps.