gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbapenems: Past, Present, and Future (2011)

In this review, we summarize the current "state of the art" of carbapenem antibiotics and their role in our antimicrobial armamentarium. Among the β-lactams currently available, carbapenems are unique because they are relatively resistant to hydrolysis by most β-lactamases, in some cases act as "slow substrates" or inhibitors of β-lactamases, and still target penicillin binding proteins. This "value-added feature" of inhibiting β-lactamases serves as a major rationale for expansion of this class of β-lactams. We describe the initial discovery and development of the carbapenem family of β-lactams. Of the early carbapenems evaluated, thienamycin demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial activity and became the parent compound for all subsequent carbapenems. To date, more than 80 compounds with mostly improved antimicrobial properties, compared to those of thienamycin, are described in the literature. We also highlight important features of the carbapenems that are presently in clinical use: imipenem-cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, doripenem, panipenem-betamipron, and biapenem. In closing, we emphasize some major challenges and urge the medicinal chemist to continue development of these versatile and potent compounds, as they have served us well for more than 3 decades.
[THE SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION IN MEDICINE OF THE LAST QUARTER OF XIX-FIRST HALF OF XX CENTURIES. REPORT II. THE OUTSET OF REVISION OF MEDICAL SCIENCE]. (2015)

The article affirms that onset of revision of picture of analyzed reality, methodological approaches to studying of vital activity of human organism and philosophical basics of medical science refers to 1878 and is related to publishing of "The course of general physiology" by French physiologist Claude Bernard. The implemented analysis of the text of this work permit to establish that C. Bernard undertook an attempt to introduce conception of human organism as a processing system being self-reproduced as. a result of interaction with environment due to mechanisms of self-regulation. The necessity was substantiated to make experiment the leading method of cognition of vital activity. The living wholeness (organism, cell) was proposed to be an object of experimentation. In this living wholeness its natural capacities to self-regulation of main vital processes can be preserved at its maximum. The new senses were introduced into ontological categories of thing, process, causality, portion and whole.
Efficient Prediction of Proppant Placement along a Horizontal Fracturing Stage for Perforation Design Optimization (2022)

Summary Multistage plug and perforation (plug-n-perf) fracturing is commonly used for horizontal well completion in unconventional reservoirs. Uniform distribution of proppant across all clusters in each stage has proved to be challenging with low viscosity slickwater owing to its limited transport capability. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to model proppant transport in wellbore to improve perforation and fracturing design for achieving uniform proppant placement. However, traditional CFD modeling of a full-scale stage is computationally expensive, which limits its applicability in the completion design optimization. A new approach was developed in this paper to efficiently predict proppant placement along a multicluster stage based on a machine learning (ML) model trained with extensive CFD modeling results. Its high computational efficiency permits quick sensitivity analyses to optimize perforation and fracturing designs. The new approach was validated against full-stage CFD modeling results as well as post-treatment field diagnostics. Sensitivity analyses show that proppant inertia effect is a key factor affecting proppant placement in heel clusters with higher slurry flow rates, allowing more proppant carried to the toe owing to its higher density in comparison with fluid. Proppant settling allows bottom perforations to accept more proppant than top perforations. This gravitational effect is not negligible near the heel at high flow rates and becomes more dominant near toe clusters where the flow rate is reduced. Near-uniform proppant placement is achievable via perforation design optimization by taking advantage of these two key mechanisms controlling proppant transport in horizontal wellbores. It is demonstrated that in-line perforating designs with all perforations having the same orientation in each cluster or the entire stage, especially with perforations at the bottom or on the side of the wellbore, improve the proppant placement uniformity. However, it is recommended that the optimum perforation design should be identified case by case depending on specific input parameters. The ML-based model developed in this study has overcome some of the limitations from existing models in the literature and is able to provide quick and yet reliable solutions to proppant placement prediction and design optimization.
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer lines is mediated through PDGF‐D released by tissue‐resident stem cells (2011)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) generates tumor cells with stem cell properties. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ASCs) on EMT of cancer cells and to further investigate the mechanisms involved. We demonstrate that conditioned medium from ASCs induces breast cancer cells (4T1) to express mesenchymal markers such as fibronectin, alpha smooth muscle actin and vimentin. Flow cytometry analyses show that ASC-conditioned medium promotes the expansion of CD44high/CD24low cancer stem cells. Soft agar assays using T47D, BT474 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells reveals that ASC conditioned medium promotes the anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells. These effects were inhibited by a neutralizing antibody against platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D). Furthermore, PDGF-D treated breast cancer cells grow faster in a mouse model, and this effect could be neutralized by a PDGF antibody. In conclusion, our data show that tissue-resident stem cells interact with the cancer microenvironment via PDGF-D, induce EMT in the cancer cells in a paracrine fashion, thereby increasing the number of cancer stem cells and increase tumor growth in a PDGF dependent manner. Our findings shed new light on mechanisms where local tissue-resident stem cells are able to promote the growth of breast cancer cells. Possibly this could open up a novel selective therapeutic strategy targeting EMT pathways and the specific communication between tissue-resident normal stem cell and cancer stem cells, assuming that the blockage of PDGF-D pathways is critical for tumor growth but would not affect normal tissue homeostasis.
Activity Recognition using Dynamic Bayesian Networks with Automatic State Selection (2007)

Applying advanced video technology to understand activity and intent is becoming increasingly important for intelligent video surveillance. We present a general model of a d-level dynamic Bayesian network to perform complex event recognition. The levels of the network are constrained to enforce state hierarchy while the dth level models the duration of simplest event. Moreover, in this paper we propose to use the deterministic annealing clustering method to automatically discover the states for the observable levels. We used real world data sets to show the effectiveness of our proposed method.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Mediated Trapping of Active Methylene Intermediates Generated by IBX‐Induced Oxidation of Baylis—Hillman Adducts with Nucleophiles. (2011)

Abstract IBX induced oxidation of Baylis‐Hillman adducts is suggested as an alternative way to methylenylation of β‐dicarbonyl compounds with formaldehyde for generation of active methylene intermediates.
CONSTRUCTION OF IRREDUCIBLE RELATIVE INVARIANT OF THE PREHOMOGENEOUS VECTOR SPACE $(SL_5\times GL_4,\Lambda^2(\mathbb{C}^5)\otimes \mathbb{C}^4)$ (Theory of Prehomogeneous Vector Spaces) (2001)

We explicitly construct the irreducible relative invariant of the prehomogeneous vector space $(SL_{5}\mathrm{x}GL_{4}, \Lambda^{2}(\mathbb{C}^{5})\otimes \mathbb{C}^{4})$ .This prehomogeneous vector space has been known as the "most difficult" case in irreducible regular prehomogeneous vector spaces.
An Updated Review of Lysophosphatidylcholine Metabolism in Human Diseases (2019)

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly recognized as a key marker/factor positively associated with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. However, findings from recent clinical lipidomic studies of LPC have been controversial. A key issue is the complexity of the enzymatic cascade involved in LPC metabolism. Here, we address the coordination of these enzymes and the derangement that may disrupt LPC homeostasis, leading to metabolic disorders. LPC is mainly derived from the turnover of phosphatidylcholine (PC) in the circulation by phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂). In the presence of Acyl-CoA, lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase (LPCAT) converts LPC to PC, which rapidly gets recycled by the Lands cycle. However, overexpression or enhanced activity of PLA₂ increases the LPC content in modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL, which play significant roles in the development of atherosclerotic plaques and endothelial dysfunction. The intracellular enzyme LPCAT cannot directly remove LPC from circulation. Hydrolysis of LPC by autotaxin, an enzyme with lysophospholipase D activity, generates lysophosphatidic acid, which is highly associated with cancers. Although enzymes with lysophospholipase A₁ activity could theoretically degrade LPC into harmless metabolites, they have not been found in the circulation. In conclusion, understanding enzyme kinetics and LPC metabolism may help identify novel therapeutic targets in LPC-associated diseases.
Autologous Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Management of Recurrent Complex Fistula in Ano (2021)

We present the case of a 26-year-old female with Crohn's disease who had undergone multiple procedures for recurrent complex fistula-in-ano now presenting with recurrent discharge for 3 months. She underwent video-assisted anal fistula treatment (VAAFT) in our department 2 years back. The patient had financial issues and was unwilling for another sitting of VAAFT. Hence, we tried autologous platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) as a more economical alternative to fibrin sealant used in VAAFT. The patient had a very comfortable postoperative period and the fistula healed well in 3 weeks. We present this case report to highlight a new indication for autologous PRF which is already in use in healing many other types of wounds.
Fixed Point Quantization of Deep Convolutional Networks (2015)

In recent years increasingly complex architectures for deep convolution networks (DCNs) have been proposed to boost the performance on image recognition tasks. However, the gains in performance have come at a cost of substantial increase in computation and model storage resources. Fixed point implementation of DCNs has the potential to alleviate some of these complexities and facilitate potential deployment on embedded hardware. In this paper, we propose a quantizer design for fixed point implementation of DCNs. We formulate and solve an optimization problem to identify optimal fixed point bit-width allocation across DCN layers. Our experiments show that in comparison to equal bit-width settings, the fixed point DCNs with optimized bit width allocation offer >20% reduction in the model size without any loss in accuracy on CIFAR-10 benchmark. We also demonstrate that fine-tuning can further enhance the accuracy of fixed point DCNs beyond that of the original floating point model. In doing so, we report a new state-of-the-art fixed point performance of 6.78% error-rate on CIFAR-10 benchmark.
Immune Response to <i>Yersinia</i> Outer Proteins and Other <i>Yersinia pestis</i> Antigens after Experimental Plague Infection in Mice (1999)

There is limited information concerning the nature and extent of the immune response to the virulence determinants of Yersinia pestis during the course of plague infection. In this study, we evaluated the humoral immune response of mice that survived lethal Y. pestis aerosol challenge after antibiotic treatment. Such a model may replicate the clinical situation in humans and indicate which virulence determinants are expressed in vivo. Immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting were performed by using purified, recombinant antigens including F1, V antigen, YpkA, YopH, YopM, YopB, YopD, YopN, YopE, YopK, plasminogen activator protease (Pla), and pH 6 antigen as well as purified lipopolysaccharide. The major antigens recognized by murine convalescent sera were F1, V antigen, YopH, YopM, YopD, and Pla. Early treatment with antibiotics tended to reduce the immune response and differences between antibiotic treatment regimens were noted. These results may indicate that only some virulence factors are expressed and/or immunogenic during infection. This information may prove useful for selecting potential vaccine candidates and for developing improved serologic diagnostic assays.
Hot spots on an interconnection network for broadcast communication. (2004)

A Dictyostelium discoideum myosin heavy chain kinase has been purified 14,000-fold to near homogeneity. The enzyme has a Mr = 130,000 as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and greater than 700,000 as determined by gel filtration on Bio-Gel A-1.5m. The enzyme has a specific activity of 1 mumol/min X mg when assayed at a Dictyostelium myosin concentration of 0.3 mg/ml. A maximum of 2 mol of phosphate/mol of myosin is incorporated by the kinase, and the phosphorylated amino acid is threonine. Phosphate is incorporated only into the myosin heavy chains, not into the light chains. The actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase of Dictyostelium myosin is inhibited 70-80% following maximal phosphorylation with the kinase. The myosin heavy chain kinase requires 1-2 mM Mg2+ for activity and is most active at pH 7.0-7.5. The activity of the enzyme is not significantly altered by the presence of Ca2+, Ca2+ and calmodulin, EGTA, cAMP, or cGMP. When incubated with Mg2+ and ATP, phosphate is incorporated into the myosin heavy chain kinase, perhaps by autophosphorylation.
Polyesters, Fibers (2001)

Abstract In the half‐century since its introduction, polyester fiber has grown to dominate the global textile and technical markets. Its unique blend of performance, price, and flexibility has made it the preferred fiber over natural and other synthetic fibers in many large end uses. Variants of the basic PET polymer have been developed to provide specific performance traits for specialized needs, and the technology for making fibers has advanced considerably in areas such as consistency, performance, and low cost. The commoditization of the process technology has made PET fiber production an industry of choice for developing countries, where it can supply a downstream industry that is labor cost‐intensive, such as manufactured apparel. Fiber producers in developed countries depend more and more on industrial and technical markets that are less sensitive to labor costs, such as nonwoven fabrics. The global future of PET fibers appears bright because of the commanding advantages that have been established throughout the supporting infrastructure of raw materials supplies and manufacturing technologies.
Por qué sigue importando el Presidente Bush (2006)

El presidente de EEUU, George W. Bush, entra en el año 2006 en busca de un segundo comienzo para su segundo mandato.\n\nEn noviembre de 2004, George W. Bush se convirtió en el primer presidente republicano en más de 100 años en ser reelegido con mayoría tanto en el Congreso como en el Senado. En aquel momento solicitó un mandato para proseguir una agenda audaz de iniciativas que iban desde mejorar la educación y la sanidad a nivel nacional hasta impulsar la democracia y la libertad en el exterior. Sin embargo, en lo que se ha convertido en una perfecta demostración de los riesgos políticos que entrañan las grandes ideas, Bush perdió impulso rápidamente y el primer año de su segundo mandato fue el de menor éxito de su presidencia hasta la fecha. Algunos analistas afirman que Bush se ha visto perjudicado por un patrón muy recurrente en el que prácticamente todos los segundos mandatos presidenciales de la historia estadounidense han tenido que hacer frente a algún tipo de catástrofe. De hecho, una serie de reveses a nivel nacional han debilitado la influencia de Bush sobre su propio partido, dando alas a la oposición. Como resultado, su capacidad para persuadir al Congreso de secundar su agenda se ha visto disminuida. Con elecciones al congreso a mitad del mandato presidencial ya a la vista, Bush espera rectificar el rumbo centrándose en los asuntos que cree que preocupan más a los estadounidenses fuera de Washington: Irak, la inmigración y la economía. ¿Puede Bush dar la vuelta a la situación? En este punto puede que la historia nos proporcione una respuesta: la mayoría de los presidentes estadounidenses de nuestro tiempo han sido capaces de recuperar terreno político perdido durante sus segundos mandatos.
Enduring business themes (2000)

article Free Access Share on Enduring business themes Authors: Marshall Cline MT Systems Co., Dallas, TX MT Systems Co., Dallas, TXView Profile , Mike Girou MT Systems Co., Dallas, TX MT Systems Co., Dallas, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 5May 2000 pp 101–106https://doi.org/10.1145/332833.332846Published:01 May 2000Publication History 19citation1,209DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations19Total Downloads1,209Last 12 Months102Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
2D Porous Carbons prepared from Layered Organic–Inorganic Hybrids and their Use as Oxygen‐Reduction Electrocatalysts (2017)

2D porous carbon nanomaterials have attracted tremendous attention in different disciplines especially for electrochemical catalysis. The significant advantage of such 2D materials is that nearly all their surfaces are exposed to the electrolyte and can take part in the electrochemical reaction. Here, a versatile active-salt-templating strategy to efficiently synthesize 2D porous carbon nanosheets from layered organic-inorganic hybrids is presented. The resulting heteroatom-doped carbon nanosheets (NFe/CNs) exhibit exceptional performance for the oxygen-reduction reaction and in Zn-air battery electrodes. The activity of the best catalyst within a series of NFe/CNs exceeds the performance of conventional carbon-supported Pt catalysts in terms of onset potential (0.930 vs 0.915 V of Pt/C), half-wave potential (0.859 vs 0.816 V of Pt/C), long-time stability, and methanol tolerance. Also, when applied as a cathode catalyst in a zinc-air battery the NFe/CNs presented here outperform commercial Pt/C catalysts.
Direct DNA Analysis with Paper-Based Ion Concentration Polarization (2015)

DNA analysis is essential for diagnosis and monitoring of many diseases. Conventional DNA testing is generally limited to the laboratory. Increasing access to relevant technologies can improve patient care and outcomes in both developed and developing regions. Here, we demonstrate direct DNA analysis in paper-based devices, uniquely enabled by ion concentration polarization at the interface of patterned nanoporous membranes in paper (paper-based ICP). Hepatitis B virus DNA targets in human serum are simultaneously preconcentrated, separated, and detected in a single 10 min operation. A limit of detection of 150 copies/mL is achieved without prior viral load amplification, sufficient for early diagnosis of hepatitis B. We clinically assess the DNA integrity of sperm cells in raw human semen samples. The percent DNA fragmentation results from the paper-based ICP devices strongly correlate (R(2) = 0.98) with the sperm chromatin structure assay. In all cases, agreement was 100% with respect to the clinical decision. Paper-based ICP can provide inexpensive and accessible advanced molecular diagnostics.
An implementation of ROS on the Yellowfin autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) (2011)

The design, testing, and mission execution of a network of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) is a difficult process. The design of low-level controllers requires high-fidelity hydrodynamic models for simulation, but the testing of a large network of AUVs with high-order models is computationally challenging. Also, efficiency is achieved when developers can reuse components already implemented and tested by others in the community. An integrated development system is discussed where the Robot Operating System (ROS) is used to interface a number of individual systems that could not natively communicate. The system integrates the low-level controller simulation, mission planning, and mission execution processes. Most importantly, ROS was integrated with the Mission Oriented Operating Suite (MOOS), which allowed for the use of both ROS and MOOS applications within the same robotic platform via the MOOS/ROS Bridge application. Also, the 3D globe mapping program, NASA WorldWind, was interfaced to ROS via rosjava. The target AUV for the ROS implementation was the GTRI Yellowfin, which was developed for multiple AUV collaborative missions.
Comparison of paraffin baiting and conventional culture techniques for isolation of Nocardia asteroides from sputum (1987)

Of 1,510 sputum samples examined from 1,016 patients with bronchopulmonary disorders, Nocardia asteroides was isolated from 67 samples by paraffin baiting, as compared with only 30 isolations by the conventional technique of culturing on Sabouraud dextrose agar. This higher efficacy of the paraffin bait technique was found to be statistically significant (P less than 0.001).
Post-Consumer Plastic Identification Using Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

Raman spectroscopy is evaluated as a spectroscopic method for identification of common household plastics for recycling purposes. The methods of K-nearest neighbor (KNN), cyclic subspace regression (CSR), and library searching are compared for computerized plastic classification. Plastics studied consist of polyethylene terephthalate, high-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, low-density polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene. With principal component analysis (PCA), visual distinction between the different plastics becomes possible. Correct class membership to all six plastic types is provided by KNN. To date, all development and uses of CSR have been based on building models for each prediction property analogous to the form of partial least-squares known as PLS1. Cyclic subspace regression is modified in this paper to also allow modeling of multiple properties, as does PLS2. The new form of CSR was able to correctly classify all six plastic types when seven-factor models were used. This paper reports that key observations made in comparing PCR to PLS1 are verified for the interrelationships of PCR and PLS2 models. Most notable is that even though PLS2 uses spectral responses and plastic identifications to form factors, PLS2 eigenvector weights are not much different from PCR eigenvector weights where PCR only uses spectral responses to form eigenvector weights. Library searching showed less significant results than KNN and CSR. Regardless of the identification approach, polyethylene samples could be identified as either being high density or low density with the use of Raman spectroscopy.