gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Raman microspectroscopy of intracellular cholesterol crystals in cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cells (1997)

Raman microspectroscopy is presented as a promising technique for the in situ characterization of intracellular cholesterol crystals. Crystal characterization is the first step in investigating the effects of various stimuli on their formation and in determining their role in the development of atherosclerosis. Treatment of cultured bovine coronary artery endothelial cells with 22-hydroxycholesterol (220HC) stimulated the production of intracellular crystals, a phenomenon that did not occur in the absence of viable cells. These crystals were identified as a combination of the 220HC starting material and cholesterol. The best fit to the average Raman spectrum of the microscopic crystals was achieved with a combination of 70% Raman contribution from 220HC and 30% from cholesterol. GC/MS analysis of the crystals confirmed the presence of both compounds. These results demonstrate the potential of Raman microspectroscopy as a powerful tool in lipid research, particularly for the in situ characterization of intracellular crystals.
Size Effect on the Strength of Ceramic Catalyst Supports (1992)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The typical ceramic catalyst support for automotive application has a total volume of 1640 cm<sup>3</sup>. Approximately 10% of this volume is subjected to tensile thermal stresses due to a radial temperature gradient in service [<span class="xref">1</span>]<span class="xref">*</span>. These stresses are kept below 50% of the substrate strength to minimize fatigue degradation and to ensure long-term durability [<span class="xref">2</span>]. However, the tensile strength measurements are carried out in 4-point bending using 2.5 cm wide x 1.2 cm thick x 10 cm long modulus of rupture bars in which the specimen volume subjected to tensile stress is merely 3.2 cm<sup>3</sup> or 0.2% of the total substrate volume [<span class="xref">3</span>]. Thus, a large specimen population is often necessary (50 specimens or more) to obtain the strength distribution representative of full substrate. This is particularly true for large frontal area substrates for diesel catalyst supports with an order of magnitude larger stressed volume.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, the modulus of rupture data are obtained as function of specimen size. For example, in addition to the conventional 2.5 cm wide x 1.2 cm thick x 10 cm long specimens, the MOR data for ten different specimen sizes are presented. The stressed volume in these latter specimens is one to two orders of magnitude larger and hence representative of stressed volume in both the automotive and diesel catalyst supports in service. The new data show that the strength values are relatively insensitive to stressed volume indicating that the traditional specimen size for strength measurement is optimum in terms of specimen preparation, specimen testing and converter design. Only a large specimen population is necessary to obtain the complete strength distribution and to arrive at a safe design stress for long-term durability. In this manner, the high temperature fatigue data [<span class="xref">4</span>] based on 2.5 cm wide x 1.2 cm thick x 10 cm long specimens can also be used for estimating the allowable service stress to meet the required converter life. The present study shows that the measured strength can be significantly lower if shear deformation is a significant fraction of total deformation during bending as in the case of thick specimens. In such cases, a correction factor is necessary for obtaining the true strength from measured values.</div>
The Effects of Cast Shadows and Stereopsis on Performing Computer-Generated Spatial Tasks (2004)

More powerful computer hardware and software has enabled the development of numerous depth-cue techniques to depict the three-dimensional (3D) characteristics of computer-generated imagery. Particularly, the role of stereoscopic viewing in promoting the depth perception of objects in 3D space has been widely studied. However, there has been little study of the use of cast shadows in this context, and few investigations of how computer-generated depth cues are perceptually integrated. To investigate these issues, subjects: 1) position a sphere to complete a directional vector/vector segment extending in space and 2) resize a sphere to match the perceived size of a second sphere displaced in space. Task accuracies and response times are recorded under the following conditions: 1) stereoscopic, and monoscopic, scene viewing; 2) objects casting zero, or one shadow; 3) flat, and zig-zag, background surface shapes; and 4) solid and checkerboard background surface textures. The results suggest that, of the cues considered, stereo viewing has a consistently beneficial effect on positioning and resizing spheres in depth. However, objects casting shadows improve positioning accuracy to a level afforded by stereo viewing. Finally, more complex scene backgrounds impair positioning and resizing task performances. Implications for the design of effective 3D user interfaces are discussed.
Importation and Human-to-Human Transmission of a Novel Coronavirus in Vietnam (2020)

Human-to-Human Coronavirus Transmission in Vietnam The authors describe transmission of 2019-nCoV from a father, who had flown with his wife from Wuhan to Hanoi, to the son, who met his father and ...
Targeted Deletion of an Entire Chromosome Using CRISPR/Cas9 (2017)

CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can facilitate efficient deletion of genomic region, but it has not been used to delete an entire chromosome. Here, Adikusuma et al. show proof-of-concept for efficient CRISPR-mediated selective chromosome deletion by removing the centromere or shredding the chromosome arm in mouse embryonic stem cells and zygotes.
Navigation control for mobile virtual environments (2005)

In this paper, we describe a project which uses PDAs to provide an interactive experience with a virtual environment. In particular, we focus on the navigational aspects of allowing the users to move through, and view, the environment. As this system will be deployed in a museum, it was crucial that the navigation be as intuitive as possible. To that end, we developed and evaluated two prototypes: one was based purely on gesture, whilst the other used a combination of gesture and keypad. For the purposes of our application, the combination of keypad and gesture provided the most effective.
Dielectric Resonator Antennas: A Historical Review and the Current State of the Art (2010)

This article presents a historical review of the research carried out on dielectric resonator antennas (DRAs) over the last three decades. Major research activities in each decade are highlighted. The current state of the art of dielectric-resonator-antenna technology is then reviewed. The achievable performance of dielectric resonator antennas designed for compactness, wide impedance bandwidth, low profiles, circular polarization, or high gain are illustrated. The latest developments in dielectric-resonator-antenna arrays and fabrication techniques are also examined.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe(III)-doped ceramic membranes of titanium dioxide and its application in photoelectrocatalysis of a textile dye (2011)

Pure and Fe(III)-doped TiO2 suspensions were prepared by the sol gel method with the use of titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OPri)4) as precursor material. The properties of doped materials were compared to TiO2 properties based on the characterization by thermal analysis (TG-DTA and DSC), X-ray powder diffractometry and spectroscopy measurements (FTIR). Both undoped and doped TiO2 suspensions were used to coat metallic substrate as a mean to make thin-film electrodes. Thermal treatment of the precursors at 400ºC for 2 h in air resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline anatase TiO2. The thin-film electrodes were tested with respect to their photocatalytic performance for degradation of a textile dye in aqueous solution. The plain TiO2 remains as the best catalyst at the conditions used in this report.
Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enhances the myocardial toxicity of phenylpropanolamine (2000)

PPA causes myocardial contractile depression without altering global coronary artery blood flow. Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis sensitizes the heart to the myocardial depressant effects of PPA and increases the risk for ventricular fibrillation.
The plant vacuole (1992)

Plant cells are unique in containing large acidic vacuoles which occupy most of the cell volume. The vacuolar H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) is the enzyme responsible for acidifying the central vacuole, although it is also present on Golgi and coated vesicles. Many secondary transport processes are driven by the proton-motive force generated by the V-ATPase, including reactions required for osmoregulation, homeostasis, storage, plant defense and many other functions. However, a second proton pump, the V-PPase, serves as a potential back-up system and may, in addition, pump potassium. The plant V-ATPase is structurally similar to other eukaryotic V-ATPases and its subunits appear to be encoded by small multigene families. These multigene families may play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and in the sorting of V-ATPase isoforms to different organelles.
Mutation analysis of <i>NPHP6</i>/<i>CEP290</i> in patients with Joubert syndrome and Senior–Løken syndrome (2007)

Six novel and six known truncating mutations, one known missense mutation and one novel 3 bp pair in-frame deletion were identified in a total of seven families with JBTS, two families with SLSN and one family with isolated NPHP.
Bayesian Extreme Value Statistics for Novelty Detection in Gas-Turbine Engines (2008)

We present a novel method for the identification of abnormal episodes in gas-turbine vibration data, in which we show 1) how a model of normal engine behaviour is constructed using signatures of "normal" engine vibration response; 2) how extreme value theory (EVT), a branch of statistics used to determine the expected value of extreme values drawn from a distribution, can be used to set novelty thresholds in the model, which, if exceeded, indicate an "abnormal" episode; 3) application to large data sets of modern gas-turbine flight data, which shows successful novelty detection results with low false-positive alarm rates. The advantages of this approach over previous work are 1) a very low false-positive alarm rate, while maintaining sufficient sensitivity to detect known abnormal events; 2) the use of a Bayesian framework such that uncertainty in the distribution of "normal" data is modelled, giving a principled, probabilistic interpretation of results; 3) an implementation that is sufficiently "lightweight" in processing and memory resources that real-time, on-line novelty detection is possible in an "on-wing" engine health-monitoring system.
Gold Nanoparticles Supported on Magnesium Oxide Nanorods for Oxidation of Alcohols (2016)

Gold nanoparticles supported on magnesium oxide nanorods (Au-MgO) have been synthesised by a solution based chemical reduction method. Au-MgO nanorods were found to be an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for oxidation of alcohols with hydrogen peroxide in aqueous medium at room temperature. To find out the best reaction conditions for oxidation, optimization of catalyst quantity, solvent, mole equivalence of hydrogen peroxide were carried out. The scope of the reaction was extended to several aromatic and aliphatic alcohols, product yields were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectroscopy. Heterogeneity and reusability tests were performed. The use of water as a solvent and hydrogen peroxide as co-catalyst at room temperature makes the reaction interesting from sustainable development point of view.
Rescuing Memristor-based Neuromorphic Design with High Defects (2017)

Memristor-based synaptic network has been widely investigated and applied to neuromorphic computing systems for the fast computation and low design cost. As memristors continue to mature and achieve higher density, bit failures within crossbar arrays can become a critical issue. These can degrade the computation accuracy significantly. In this work, we propose a defect rescuing design to restore the computation accuracy. In our proposed design, significant weights in a specified network are first identified and retraining and remapping algorithms are described. For a two layer neural network with 92.64% classification accuracy on MNIST digit recognition, our evaluation based on real device testing shows that our design can recover almost its full performance when 20% random defects are present.
Fast adaptation and performance characteristics of FIR-WOS hybrid filters (1994)

Fast adaptive algorithms are developed for training weighted order statistic (WOS) filters and FIR-WOS hybrid (FWH) filters under the mean absolute error (MAE) criterion. These algorithms are based on the threshold decomposition of real-valued signals introduced in this paper. With this method an N-length WOS filter can be implemented by thresholding the input signals at most N times independent of the accuracy used. Beside saving in computations, the proposed algorithms can be applied to process arbitrary real-valued signals directly. Performance characteristics of FWH filters in 1-D and 2-D signal restoration are investigated through computer simulations. We show that both in restoration of signals containing edges and in the case of heavy tailed nonGaussian noise, considerable improvement in performance can be achieved with FWH filters over WOS filters, Ll filters, and adaptive linear filters. Two new FWH filter design strategies are found for removal of impulsive noise and for restoration of a square wave, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic resonance imaging of metal artifact reduction sequences in the assessment of metal-on-metal hip prostheses (2014)

Abstract: Recent developments in metal artifact reduction techniques in magnetic resonance (MR) have, in large part, been stimulated by the advent of soft tissue complications associated with modern metal-on-metal total hip replacements. Metallic orthopedic implants can result in severe degradation of MR images because ferromagnetic susceptibility causes signal loss, signal pile-up, geometric distortion, and failure of fat suppression. There are several approaches to controlling these susceptibility artifacts. Standard fast spin echo sequences can be adapted by modifying echo times, matrix, receiver bandwidth, slice thickness, and echo trains to minimize frequency encoding misregistration. Short tau inversion recovery and 2-point Dixon techniques are both more resistant to susceptibility artifacts than spectral fat suppression. A number of dedicated metal artifact reduction sequences are now available commercially. The common approach of these multispectral techniques is to generate three dimensional datasets from which the final images are reconstructed. Frequency encoding misregistration is controlled using a variety of techniques, including specific resonant frequency acquisition, view-angle tilting, and phase encoding. Metal artifact reduction MR imaging has been the key to understanding the prevalence, severity, and prognosis of adverse reactions to metal debris in metal-on-metal hip replacements. Conventional radiographs are typically normal or demonstrate minimal change and are unable to demonstrate the often extensive soft tissue abnormalities, which include necrosis, soft tissue masses and fluid collections, myositis, muscle atrophy, tendon avulsions, and osteonecrosis. These MR findings correlate poorly with clinical and serological measures of disease, and therefore MR imaging is the principal tool for the diagnosis of soft tissue disease and surveillance in metal-on-metal hip replacements. Keywords: MRI, artifact, hip, arthroplasty, soft tissue
A Prototype Knowledge-Sharing Service for Clinical Decision Support Artifacts. (2012)

This article, by researchers from Partners HealthCare and the RAND Corporation, primarily describes the work associated with Task 4.8 of the Advancing Clinical Decision Support (ACDS) effort, a project intended to accelerate the effective use of computer-based clinical decision support (CDS) interventions to facilitate evidence-based clinical practice and the meaningful use of health information technology. The key objectives of Task 4.8 were to develop CDS artifacts for at least 20 interventions of different types, targeted toward guidelines and clinical conditions called for in the 2011 meaningful use criteria, and to disseminate the tools, content, and materials through a knowledge-sharing service (KSS) that could potentially be deployed on a national scale. The ACDS interventions or artifacts were built utilizing the extensible markup language (XML) schema developed by the Clinical Decision Support Consortium (CDSC) project and were published on the CDSC portal (http://cdsportal.partners.org/), which functions as the ACDS KSS. While the original CDSC Level 3 XML schema adequately supported the development of the ACDS artifacts, the authors worked with the CDSC team to expand the schema to support additional intervention types (order sets, documentation templates, infobuttons, relevant data display, and value sets). Twenty-two CDS artifacts and 16 value sets were developed that cover the five CDS intervention types. Three custom style sheets were developed to render the XML files in human-readable form. The authors recommend investment in the foundational building blocks for shareable CDS, such as dictionaries and value sets, as these will be essential. The CDS content on the portal will need to be expanded and maintained in order for it to remain a viable resource for CDS implementers.
Use of Wavelet Denoising in Identifying Radioactive Isotopes Using a Gamma-Ray Spectrum (2010)

Radiation Isotope Identification Devices (RIID) are used in homeland security and other applications to identify radioactive materials. RIIDs have trouble automatically identifying radioisotopes accurately and robustly, which leads to both false positive and false negative alarms. Expert spectroscopists are often called to resolve difficult-to-resolve alarms. Spectroscopists are estimated to correctly resolve ~90% of such alarms. A study of the four most commonly used commercial RIID detectors found that the overall “correct” identification value in a laboratory setting was 39%. False positive identifications occurred 44% of the time and false negative identifications occurred 10% of the time. The current study shows that RIID accuracy can be significantly improved by using a spectrum denoising signal processing step based on a wavelet shrinkage method.
Customer Segmentation and Strategy Development Based on User Behavior Analysis, RFM Model and Data Mining Techniques: A Case Study (2018)

The RFM (Recency, Frequency and Monetary) model provides an effective analysis for decision makers in order to target their customers and develop appropriate marketing strategies according to their previous behaviors. Although the RFM model has been widely applied in various areas of marketing, its simplicity threatens its effectiveness since it does not consider the customers' relationship and changes in customers' behavior. In this paper, we propose an R+FM model which configures the segmentation according to the business changes and clusters customers using K-Means. We applied our model on Digikala company, the biggest E-Commerce in Middle East, and compared our model with the Digikala's previous RFM model which used Customer Quantile Method. Moreover, we built strategies for each segment and ran an SMS campaign according to those strategies. The results of the campaign showed that our Segmentation Model improved the number of purchase and average monetary of the baskets.
Vimentin Phosphorylation Underlies Myofibroblast Sensitivity to Withaferin A In Vitro and during Corneal Fibrosis (2015)

Vimentin is a newly recognized target for corneal fibrosis. Using primary rabbit corneal fibroblasts and myofibroblasts we show that myofibroblasts, unlike fibroblasts, display impaired cell spreading and cell polarization, which is associated with increased levels of soluble serine-38 phosphorylated vimentin (pSer38Vim). This pSer38Vim isoform is inefficiently incorporated into growing vimentin intermediate filaments (IFs) of myofibroblasts during cell spreading, and as a result, myofibroblasts maintain higher soluble pSer38Vim levels compared to fibroblasts. Moreover, the soluble vimentin-targeting small molecule and fibrotic inhibitor withaferin A (WFA) causes a potent blockade of cell spreading selectively in myofibroblasts by targeting soluble pSer38Vim for hyperphosphorylation. WFA treatment does not induce vimentin hyperphosphorylation in fibroblasts. This hyperphosphorylated pSer38Vim species in WFA-treated myofibroblasts becomes complexed with adaptor protein filamin A (FlnA), and these complexes appear as short squiggles when displaced from focal adhesions. The extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) is also phosphorylated (pERK) in response to WFA, but surprisingly, pERK does not enter the nucleus but remains bound to pSer38Vim in cytoplasmic complexes. Using a model of corneal alkali injury, we show that fibrotic corneas of wild type mice possess high levels of pERK, whereas injured corneas of vimentin-deficient (Vim KO) mice that heal with reduced fibrosis have highly reduced pERK expression. Finally, WFA treatment causes a decrease in pERK and pSer38Vim expression in healing corneas of wild type mice. Taken together, these findings identify a hereto-unappreciated role for pSer38Vim as an important determinant of myofibroblast sensitivity to WFA.
Application of line-spectrum pairs to low-bit-rate speech encoders (2005)

A low-bit-rate speech encoder must employ bit-saving measures to achieve intelligible and natural sounding synthesized speech. Some important measures are: (a) quantization of parameters based on their spectral-error sensitivities (i.e., coarser quantization for spectrally less sensitive parameters), and (b) quantization of parameters in accordance with properties of auditory perception (i.e., coarser quantization of the higher frequency components of the speech spectral envelope, and finer representation of spectral peaks than valleys). The use of Line-Spectrum Pairs (LSPs) makes it possible to employ these measures more readily than the better known reflection coefficients. As a result, the intelligibility of an LSP-based, pitch-excited vocoder operating at 800 bits/second (b/s) can be made as high as 87 for three male speakers (as measured by the Diagnostic Rhyme Test (DRT)) which is only 1.4 below that of the 2400-b/s LPC. Likewise, the intelligibility of a 4800-b/s nonpitch-excited vocoder is as high as 92.3 which compares favorably with scores from current 9600-b/s vocoders.
Refocusing plenoptic images using depth-adaptive splatting (2014)

In this paper, we propose a simple, novel plane sweep technique for refocusing plenoptic images. Rays are projected directly from the raw plenoptic image captured on the sensor into the output image plane, without computing intermediate representations such as subaperture views or epipolar images. Interpolation is performed in the output image plane using splatting. The splat kernel for each ray is adjusted adaptively, based on the refocus depth and an estimate of the depth at which that ray intersects the scene. This adaptive interpolation method antialiases out-of-focus regions, while keeping in-focus regions sharp. We test the proposed method on images from a Lytro camera and compare our results with those from the Lytro SDK. Additionally, we provide a thorough discussion of our calibration and preprocessing pipeline for this camera.