gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large-scale production and characterization of recombinant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef (1994)

Sequences encoding the 27K and 25K nef gene products (Nef 27 and Nef 25) were amplified by PCR from a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infectious clone and subcloned directly into Escherichia coli, yeast and baculovirus expression vectors. The yeast- and baculovirus-derived Nef had native N termini but the expression levels were low. The expression levels of the E. coli-derived glutathione S-transferase-Nef fusion proteins were very high and a major portion was soluble. Large-scale production of E. coli-derived Nef 27 and Nef 25 was carried out by growing recombinant cells in a fermenter under fed-batch conditions followed by affinity purification on glutathione-Sepharose before and after thrombin cleavage. Large quantities of highly purified recombinant Nef proteins have been produced for functional and structural studies. Under non-reducing conditions both Nef 27 and Nef 25 existed as a mixture of monomers, dimers and small amounts of higher oligomers, but when reduced were monomeric. The highly purified Nef proteins had no G protein activities, however Nef 27 was biologically active. When electroporated into uninfected CD4+ T lymphocytes both E. coli-derived Nef 27 and yeast-derived myristylated Nef 27 down-regulated the surface expression of CD4, demonstrating that this method can be used to assess the biological activity of purified recombinant Nef.
Noise Characteristics of an Avalanche Photodiode. (1984)

The responsivity, noise equivalent power, specific detectivity, shot noise and multiplication noise of a RCA C30872 silicon reach-through avalanche photodiode were studied at 4 wavelengths 563.8 nm, 569.9 nm, 699.6 nm, and 826.2 nm. The detector noise was resolved into amplifier, shot and a multiplied leakage components as a function of the reverse bias voltage. Experimental results are discussed and it is concluded that this photodiode has an optimum reverse bias voltage of about 250 volts that maximizes the specific detectivity and minimizes the noise equivalent power. The avalanche photodiode excess noise factor was found to be 1.4-2.0 at low gain and increase to 9.17 at a gain of 44.0.
Histidine Residue Mediates Radical-induced Hinge Cleavage of Human IgG1 (2010)

Hydroxyl radicals induce hinge cleavage in a human IgG1 molecule via initial radical formation at the first hinge Cys(231) followed by electron transfer to the upper hinge residues. To enable engineering of a stable monoclonal antibody hinge, we investigated the role of the hinge His(229) residue using structure modeling and site-directed mutagenesis. Direct involvement of His(229) in the reaction mechanism is suggested by a 75-85% reduction of the hinge cleavage for variants in which His(229) was substituted with either Gln, Ser, or Ala. In contrast, mutation of Lys(227) to Gln, Ser, or Ala increased hinge cleavage. However, the H229S/K227S double mutant shows hinge cleavage levels similar to that of the single H229S variant, further revealing the importance of His(229). Examination of the hinge structure shows that His(229) is capable of forming hydrogen bonds with surrounding residues. These observations led us to hypothesize that the imidazole ring of His(229) may function to facilitate the cleavage by forming a transient radical center that is capable of extracting a proton from neighboring residues. The work presented here suggests the feasibility of engineering a new generation of monoclonal antibodies capable of resisting hinge cleavage to improve product stability and efficacy.
Importance of quantum decoherence in brain processes (2000)

Based on a calculation of neural decoherence rates, we argue that the degrees of freedom of the human brain that relate to cognitive processes should be thought of as a classical rather than quantum system, i.e., that there is nothing fundamentally wrong with the current classical approach to neural network simulations. We find that the decoherence time scales ( approximately 10(-13)-10(-20) s) are typically much shorter than the relevant dynamical time scales ( approximately 10(-3)-10(-1) s), both for regular neuron firing and for kinklike polarization excitations in microtubules. This conclusion disagrees with suggestions by Penrose and others that the brain acts as a quantum computer, and that quantum coherence is related to consciousness in a fundamental way.
Checkpoints in the Development of Thymic Cortical Epithelial Cells (2009)

In the thymus, interactions between immature thymocytes and thymic epithelial cells (TECs) regulate the development and selection of self-tolerant MHC-restricted T cells. Despite the importance of cortical (cTEC) and medullary (mTEC) thymic epithelial cells in fostering T cell production, events in TEC development are still unclear. Although precursor-product relationships during mTEC development have been reported, and some genetic regulators of mTEC development have been identified, stages in cTEC development occurring downstream of recently identified bipotent cTEC/mTEC progenitors remain poorly defined. In this study, we combine analysis of differentiation, proliferation, and gene expression of TECs in the murine thymus, that has enabled us to identify cTEC progenitors, define multiple stages in cTEC development, and identify novel checkpoints in development of the cTEC lineage. We show an essential requirement for FoxN1 in the initial development of cTEC from bipotent progenitors, and demonstrate a stage-specific requirement for CD4(-)8(-) thymocytes in later stages of cTEC development. Collectively, our data establish a program of cTEC development that should provide insight into the formation and function of the thymic cortex for T cell development.
Automated hippocampal segmentation in patients with epilepsy: Available free online (2013)

We demonstrate reliable identification of hippocampal atrophy in patients with hippocampal sclerosis, which is crucial for clinical management of epilepsy, particularly if surgical treatment is being contemplated. We provide a free online Web-based service to enable hippocampal volumetry to be available globally, with consequent greatly improved evaluation of those with epilepsy.
The salivary mucin MG1 (MUC5B) carries a repertoire of unique oligosaccharides that is large and diverse (2002)

The high-molecular-mass salivary mucin MG1, one of two major mucins produced by human salivary glands, plays an important role in oral health by coating the tooth surface and by acting as a bacterial receptor. Here this mucin was purified from the submandibular/sublingual saliva of a blood group O individual. The presence of MUC5B as the major mucin in this preparation was confirmed by amino acid analysis and its reactivity with the monoclonal antibody PAN H2. To structurally characterize MG1 carbohydrates the O-glycans were released by reductive beta-elimination. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the nonfractionated mixture showed that (1) fucose was present in blood group H, Le(a), Le(x), Le(b), and Le(y) epitopes; (2) NeuAc was mainly linked alpha 2-3 to Gal or alpha 2-6 to GalNAcol; and (3) the major internal structures were core 1 and core 2 sequences. After this preliminary analysis the released oligosaccharides were separated into neutral (56%), sialylated (26%), and sulfated (19%) fractions, with an average length of 13, 17, and 41 sugar residues, respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry of mixtures of neutral and sialylated oligosaccharides revealed at least 62 neutral and 25 sialylated oligosaccharides consisting of up to 20 monosaccharide residues. These results showed that the MG1-derived oligosaccharides were much longer than those of MG2, and only a few species were found on both molecules. Thus, these two mucins create an enormous repertoire of potential binding sites for microorganisms at one of the major portals where infectious organisms enter the body.
Development of a standardized low‐dose double‐blind placebo‐controlled challenge vehicle for the EuroPrevall project (2011)

A standardized challenge vehicle proven to sufficiently blind processed, powdered hazelnut and celeriac ingredients and that can be reproducibly manufactured has been developed. This pilot study shows that the vehicle is promising for the confirmation of food allergy and determination of MEDs in adults and children with body weight >28.8 kg (approximately 7-11 years old).
Application of DNA Hybridization Biosensor as a Screening Method for the Detection of Genetically Modified Food Components (2008)

An electrochemical biosensor for the detection of genetically modified food components is presented. The biosensor was based on 21-mer single-stranded oligonucleotide (ssDNA probe) specific to either 35S promoter or nos terminator, which are frequently present in transgenic DNA cassettes. ssDNA probe was covalently attached by 5'-phosphate end to amino group of cysteamine self-assembled monolayer (SAM) on gold electrode surface with the use of activating reagents - water soluble 1-ethyl-3(3'- dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxy-sulfosuccinimide (NHS). The hybridization reaction on the electrode surface was detected via methylene blue (MB) presenting higher affinity to ssDNA probe than to DNA duplex. The electrode modification procedure was optimized using 19-mer oligoG and oligoC nucleotides. The biosensor enabled distinction between DNA samples isolated from soybean RoundupReady<sup>®</sup> (RR soybean) and non-genetically modified soybean. The frequent introduction of investigated DNA sequences in other genetically modified organisms (GMOs) give a broad perspectives for analytical application of the biosensor.
Práticas pedagógicas e diversidade sexual: o professor como facilitador na vivência escolar do aluno LGBTQIA+ (2021)

In Brazil and all over the world, the need for affirmative actions aimed at the inclusion and well-being of LGBTQIA+ students is palpable. Unprepared professionals and students facing instances of psychological and physical abuse inside the school environment due to said lack of preparation can be easily found. This article sought to bring tools to these educators, gathering data from Brazil and other countries, through bibliometric research and systematic revision of primary and secondary data, related to the school experience of LGBTQIA+ students, as well as reports by professionals either in formation or in activity about how to take actions that have a positive impact towards the creation of a safe and welcoming environment for everyone. The data collected was mainly published between the years of 2015 and 2020, focusing on primary and secondary students. It has been ascertained that the environments where LGBTQIA+ students feel most comfortable were those in which the school faculty members made use of dialog and took a stand on behalf of these students, and thus served as role models so that others would do the same.
All-Optical Modulation and Ultrafast Switching in MWIR with Sub-Wavelength Structured Silicon (2019)

We investigated and optimised the performance of the all-optical reflective modulation of the Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) signal by means of the optically-pumped sub-wavelength-structured optical membranes made of silicon. The membranes were optically pumped by a 60-femtosecond, 800-nm laser, while another laser operating in the MWIR ranging between 4 and 6 μ m was used to probe the optical response and modulation. We were able to achieve the conditions providing the modulation depth of 80% using the pump fluence of 3.8 mJ/cm 2 . To get a better insight into the performance and the modulation mechanism, we developed an optical model based on a combination of the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation, Drude and Maxwell–Garnett theories. The model allowed us to estimate the values of the dielectric function, carrier concentration and scattering rate of the optically-excited membrane in the MWIR range. Using the model, we optimised the performance and found the conditions at which the reflective modulation can be operated with the ultrafast response of 0.55 ps and modulation contrast of 30%.
A fast and soft recovery diode with ultra small Qrr (USQ-Diode) using local lifetime control by He ion irradiation (2002)

This paper presents an ultra small reverse recovery charge Qrr diode (USQ-Diode) for Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) modules. The USQ-Diode has a thin p-layer anode with low impurity concentrations, p+ stripe anodes, and lifetime control by He ion irradiation. By employing the thin p-layer anode, the injection of holes into the n-layer as minority carriers was significantly reduced near the pn junction. By using the He ion irradiation, crystal defects for lifetime control were localized near the pn junction. With the combined effects from both the reduced injection of holes and the local lifetime control by the He ion irradiation, as compared to the conventional pn diode, the USQ-Diode realized such superior characteristics as 1/5 times smaller reverse recovery charge and 0.2 V lower forward voltage drop.
Proposal of a new serovar and altered nomenclature for Haemophilus paragallinarum in the Kume hemagglutinin scheme (1990)

By using the Kume hemagglutinin serotyping scheme, 13 Australian isolates of Haemophilus paragallinarum were shown to constitute a new serovar within the presently termed serogroup II. Because of the likelihood that new serovars will continue to be established, we propose a rationalization of the nomenclature of the Kume scheme. Under this altered scheme, the three recognized serogroups I, II, and III are renamed A, C, and B, respectively. Within each of the serogroups, the serovars are numbered sequentially, allowing new serovars to be added in numerical order. Thus, the nine currently recognized Kume serovars are termed A-1, A-2, A-3, A-4, B-1, C-1, C-2, C-3, and C-4.
An Introduction to Continuum Distorted Wave Theory (2010)

The author gives an introduction to Continuum Distorted Wave theory, in the form of a brief review.
Angiogenic growth factors potential new treatment for acute myocardial infarction? (2000)

In models of hind-limb ischemia and progressive coronary artery occlusion, angiogenic growth factor proteins and genes expressing growth factors have been shown to induce the development of collateral vessels and remodeling of existing collaterals. The therapeutic potential of growth factors in the setting of acute myocardial infarction may be related to non-angiogenic properties of growth factors as well, and is the focus of this review.
Effect of acute haemorrhage on QRS amplitude of the lead II canine electrocardiogram (1999)

Acute haemorrhage corresponding to an approximately one-third reduction in blood volume caused a substantial reduction in QRS voltage of the surface ECG. It is postulated that this resulted from diminished ventricular distension as a consequence of reduced venous return. A similar mechanism may account for the small-amplitude ECG complexes associated with pericardial effusion, severe dehydration and hypovolaemia.
Imaging the Paranasal Sinuses: Where We Are and Where We Are Going (2008)

As has happened in all facets of neuroimaging, cross-sectional imaging has dramatically changed our approach and understanding of the anatomy and pathology of paranasal sinuses. We have moved away from plain film radiographs to modern high-resolution sinus computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that helps us better depict underlying normal anatomy and evaluate pathology. Recent advances in PET/CT imaging have introduced a physiologic aspect to anatomical imaging and holds promise to better stage and restage head and neck tumors. In this article, we describe the various imaging techniques, concerns, advantages and disadvantages of the individual techniques, and provide an overview of the various pathologies involving the paranasal sinuses.
SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF ACCIDENTALLY LODGED TOM CAT CATHETER IN A TOM CAT: A CASE REPORT (2023)

Avesicular-urethral foreign body (VUFB) in felines is a rare but critical condition, necessitating prompt intervention.This case report documents a unique instance of an inadvertently lodged catheter as a VUFB in a three-year-old Tomcat.The animal presented with persistent pollakiuria and haematuria, unresponsive to prior treatment.Radiographic and ultrasonographic examinations revealed the presence of a urinary catheter within the urinary bladder and cranial urethra.The prompt surgical intervention and careful post-op care ensured successful foreign body removal.The case underscores the significance of early detection and intervention ascrucial steps for positive outcomes in feline VUFB.
Electro‐Copolymerization of Layer‐by‐Layer Deposited Polythiophene and Polycarbazole Precursor Ultrathin Films (2007)

Abstract The synthesis, layer‐by‐layer deposition, and electro‐copolymerization of precursor polyelectrolyte multilayer ultrathin films with thiophene and carbazole electroactive groups are described. The interest is in observing an electrochemical cross‐linking approach towards a highly ordered ultrathin film that contains two types of monomers to result in possible layer‐limited homo‐ and copolymerization. A uniform linear growth with alternate deposition of the polyelectrolytes is observed. The multilayer films were then electrochemically polymerized anodically by cyclic voltammetry (CV), which results in copolymerization between two different electroactive groups. Cross‐linking of the layers was verified by CV and spectroelectrochemistry data with very good linear electro‐copolymerizability. magnified image
Fast Phased Array Calibration by Power-Only Measurements Twice for Each Antenna Element (2019)

This paper proposes a novel power-only measurement method for phased array antenna calibration. Besides the total array power, only one phase shift and two power measurements for each array element are required to determine the element complex electric field distortion, one by shifting the element’s phase of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mi>π</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:math> and the other by turning the element under test off. The theory of the proposed calibration method is given, and the closed form formulation of the element amplitude and phase distortions is derived. From the mathematical point of view, it is the minimum required measurements that use two scalar values to determine one complex vector. Numerical simulations and experiments are conducted to validate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed calibration method.
True-amplitude, angle-domain, common-image gathers from one-way wave-equation migrations (2007)

Abstract True-amplitude wave-equation migration provides a quality migrated image of the earth's interior. In addition, the amplitude of the output provides an estimate of the angular-dependent reflection coefficient, similar to the output of Kirchhoff inversion. Recently, true-amplitude wave-equation migration for common-shot data has been proposed to generate amplitude-reliable, shot-domain, common-image gathers in heterogeneous media. We present a method to directly produce angle-domain common-image gathers from both common-shot and shot-receiver wave-equation migration. Generating true-amplitude, shot-domain, common-image gathers requires a deconvolution-type imaging condition using the ratio of the upgoing and downgoing wavefield, each downward-projected to the image point. Producing true-amplitude, angle-domain, common-image gathers requires, instead, the product of the upgoing wavefield and the complexconjugate of the downgoing wavefield in the imaging condition. Since multiplication is a more stable computational process than division, the new methods proposed provide more stable ways of inverting seismic data. Furthermore, the resulting common-image gathers can be directly used for migrated amplitude-variation-with angle analysis and tomography-based velocity analysis. Shot-receiver wave-equation migration requires new true-amplitude, one-way wave equations with one depth variable and transverse variables for the coordinates corresponding to sources and receivers, hence, two transverse coordinates in 2D and four transverse coordinates in 3D. We propose a modified double-square-root one-way wave equation to produce true amplitude common-image angle gathers. We also demonstrate the new methods with some synthetic examples. Some numerical examples show that the new methods we propose give better amplitude performance on the migrated angle gathers.
Vesicle Adsorption and Lipid Bilayer Formation on Glass Studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (2004)

The adsorption of phosphatidylcholine (PC) vesicles (30, 50, and 100 nm nominal diameters) and of dye-labeled PC vesicles (labeled with 6% Texas Red fluorophore (TR) and encapsulated carboxy fluorescein (CF)) to glass surfaces was studied by contact mode atomic force microscopy in aqueous buffer. These studies were performed in part to unravel details of the previously observed isolated rupture of dye-labeled PC vesicles on glass (Johnson, J. M.; Ha, T.; Chu, S.; Boxer, S. G. Biophys. J. 2002, 83, 3371-3379), specifically to differentiate partial rupture, that is, pore formation and leakage of entrapped dye, from full rupture to form bilayer disks. In addition, the adhesion potential of PC vesicles on glass was calculated based upon the adhesion-driven flattening of adsorbed vesicles and a newly developed theoretical model. The vesicles were found to flatten considerably upon adsorption to glass (width-to-height ratio of approximately 5), which leads to an estimate for the adhesion potential and for the critical rupture radius of 1.5 x 10(-4) J/m2 and 250 nm, respectively. Independent of vesicle size and loading with dye molecules, the adsorption of intact vesicles was observed at all concentrations below a threshold concentration, above which the formation of smooth lipid bilayers occurred. In conjunction with previous work (Johnson, J. M.; Ha, T.; Chu, S.; Boxer, S. G. Biophys. J. 2002, 83, 3371-3379), these data show that 6% TR 20 mM CF vesicles adsorb to the surface intact but undergo partial rupture in which they exchange content with the external buffer.
The Efficacy of the Pipelle Endometrial Biopsy in Detecting Endometrial Carcinoma (1993)

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy rate of the Pipelle endometrial biopsy sampler (Pipelle de Cornier) (1) in detecting endometrial carcinoma, and to analyze the tumour variables that may influence the success rate. Thirty seven women with known endometrial carcinoma were tested preoperatively; there were 25 correct diagnoses (67%), the remaining 12 cases (33%) failed to demonstrate the correct diagnosis: 4 showed 'atypical epithelium', 2 showed 'atypical hyperplasia', 3 showed 'nonspecific epithelium' and the remaining 3 showed 'necrotic hyalinized material'. All cases were analyzed with respect to several tumour parameters, including the degree of differentiation, tumour volume, depth of invasion, and the extent to which the tumour filled the endometrial cavity. Poor results were obtained in well differentiated, low volume, and minimally invasive tumours, i.e. most early tumours, precluding its use as a screening tool. A positive biopsy can save patients the time, cost, and inconvenience of a dilatation and curettage. However, in the light of these findings, a nonspecific finding should be interpreted with caution.
Clinical and Obstetric Aspects of Pregnant Women with COVID-19: A Systematic Review (2021)

Pregnant women with COVID-19 presented a clinical picture similar to that of non-infected pregnant women, with few obstetric or neonatal repercussions. There was a greater indication of cesarean deliveries before the disease aggravated, and there was no evidence of vertical transmission of the infection.