gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION TESTING AND ANALYSIS OF SINGLE CELL SO2 DEPOLARIZED ELECTROLYZER (2006)

This document reports work performed at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) that further develops the use of a proton exchange membrane or PEM-type electrochemical cell to produce hydrogen via SO{sub 2}-depolarized water electrolysis. This work was begun at SRNL in 2005. This research is valuable in achieving the ultimate goal of an economical hydrogen production process based on the Hybrid Sulfur (HyS) Cycle. The HyS Process is a hybrid thermochemical cycle that may be used in conjunction with advanced nuclear reactors or centralized solar receivers to produce hydrogen by water-splitting. Like all other sulfur-based cycles, HyS utilizes the high temperature thermal decomposition of sulfuric acid to produce oxygen. The unique aspect of HyS is the generation of hydrogen in a water electrolyzer that is operated under conditions where dissolved sulfur dioxide depolarizes the anodic reaction, resulting in substantial voltage reduction. Sulfur dioxide is oxidized at the anode, producing sulfuric acid that is sent to the acid decomposition portion of the cycle. The focus of this work was to conduct single cell electrolyzer tests in order to prove the concept of SO{sub 2}-depolarization and to determine how the results can be used to evaluate the performance of key components of the HyS Process. A test facility for conducting SO{sub 2}-depolarized electrolyzer (SDE) testing was designed, constructed and commissioned. The maximum cell current is 50 amperes, which is equivalent to a hydrogen production rate of approximately 20 liters per hour. Feed to the anode of the electrolyzer is sulfuric acid solutions containing dissolved sulfur dioxide. The partial pressure of sulfur dioxide may be varied in the range of 1 to 6 atm (15 to 90 psia). Temperatures may be controlled in the range from ambient to 80 C. Hydrogen generated at the cathode of the cell is collected for the purpose of flow measurement and composition analysis. The test facility proved to be easy to operate, versatile, and reliable.
Heterocyclic Annelated Di(perylene bisimide): Constructing Bowl-Shaped Perylene Bisimides by the Combination of Steric Congestion and Ring Strain (2009)

In this paper, we present the synthesis of S- and N-heterocyclic annelated di(perylene bisimide) with extraordinary doubly bowl-shaped structures. The structures of fused PBI bowls confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure analysis and temperature-dependent (1)H NMR are realized by the introduction of the steric congestion in nonbay regions and by the concurrent formation of the five-membered heterorings strain in bay regions. On the basis of the geometry obtained from the X-ray analysis, the maximum POAV1 pyramidalization angle is found in N-heterocyclic annelated diPBI 7, as large as 4.7 degrees , indicating the formation of two PBI bowls with significant curvatures. Furthermore, to assist the electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization of the two bowl-shaped derivatives and to assess the influence of heteroatoms on the bowl curvature, quantum-chemically optimized atomic structures, electronic properties, and optical signatures were computed with density functional theory.
Gossypol inhibits the growth of MAT-LyLu prostate cancer cells by modulation of TGFβ/Akt signaling (2009)

Gossypol (GP), a male contraceptive compound naturally present in cottonseed products, possesses anti-proliferative and anti-metastatic effects in vitro and in vivo. However, the detailed mechanisms responsible for the effects of GP on the cell cycle of prostate cancer cells remain to be elucidated. In the present study, we investigated the effects of GP on the regulation of the cell cycle of rodent prostate cancer MAT-LyLu cells and the mechanisms of GP-induced growth inhibition. Our results showed that GP inhibited the cell proliferation and colony formation in a dose-dependent manner by the up-regulation of expression and secretion of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) and down-regulation of expression of Akt and phospho-Akt protein. The inhibition of cell growth was also demonstrated by cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, GP decreased the expression of cyclin D1, Cdk4 and phospho-Rb in MAT-LyLu cells. Thus, the inhibitory effects of GP on the proliferation of MAT-LyLu prostate cancer cells are associated with modulation of TGFbeta1 and Akt signaling, which influence the expression of regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1, Cdk4 and phospho-Rb which regulate cell cycle progression of prostate cancer cells.
Via-hole-less planar microstrip-to-waveguide transition in millimeter-wave band (2011)

A via-hole-less planar microstrip-to-waveguide transition is proposed. A proximity coupling type transition requires via holes to prevent a leakage of parallel plate mode in the substrate. We propose to replace the via holes to the choke structure. In order to remove the via holes of the proximity coupling type transition, a choke of the parallel plate waveguide was applied. The dimensions of the waveguide short metal with a parallel plate waveguide which is located on the waveguide end is examined to achieve the choke circuit. The length from the edge of the waveguide short metal to the edge of the waveguide aperture is set to a quarter wavelength of the parallel plate waveguide which is constructed with the closely-spaced waveguide short metal and the surrounding ground of the patch element. All the dimensions were optimized numerically. Proposed transition has an insertion loss of 0.68 dB from 76 to 77 GHz, and a bandwidth of 6.4 % (4.9 GHz) for the reflection coefficient below −15 dB.
Iterative calculation of complex propagation constants of modes in multilayer planar waveguides (1992)

A Newton-Raphson complex root-finding algorithm, based on the thin-film transfer matrix analysis, is described. This second-order convergent algorithm, which requires only O(n) calculations per iteration, was presented to find the complex propagation constants of any mode in an n-layer planar waveguide. The number of calculations per iteration is reduced below those required by competitive schemes through application of the Cauchy-Riemann relations. The method demonstrates higher accuracy and improved efficiency over other iterative techniques, making this approach highly suitable for the analysis and design of planar structures consisting of a large number of layers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Faster Optimal and Suboptimal Hierarchical Search (2021)

In problem domains for which an informed admissible heuristic function is not available, one attractive approach is hierarchical search. Hierarchical search uses search in an abstracted version of the problem to dynamically generate heuristic values. This paper makes two contributions to hierarchical search. First, we propose a simple modification to the state-of-the-art algorithm Switchback that reduces the number of expansions (and hence the running time) by approximately half, while maintaining its guarantee of optimality. Second, we propose a new algorithm for suboptimal hierarchical search, called Switch. Empirical results suggest that Switch yields faster search than straightforward modifications of Switchback, such as weighting the heuristic or greedy search. The success of Switch illustrates the potential for further research on specifically suboptimal hierarchical search.
Detecting Image Splicing using Geometry Invariants and Camera Characteristics Consistency (2006)

Recent advances in computer technology have made digital image tampering more and more common. In this paper, we propose an authentic vs. spliced image classification method making use of geometry invariants in a semi-automatic manner. For a given image, we identify suspicious splicing areas, compute the geometry invariants from the pixels within each region, and then estimate the camera response function (CRF) from these geometry invariants. The cross-fitting errors are fed into a statistical classifier. Experiments show a very promising accuracy, 87%, over a large data set of 363 natural and spliced images. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work detecting image splicing by verifying camera characteristic consistency from a single-channel image
사우디아라비아의 경제동향과 2014 예산분석 (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to study Saudi Arabia's current economic trends and its 2014 budget analysis. This paper is not concerned with the...
Submarine optical fiber cable: development and laying results (1982)

This paper describes the structural design, trial production, and laying results for submarine optical fiber cables that can be deployed in shallow seas between islands and/or channel crossings without repeaters. Structural design methods for the submarine optical fiber cable are proposed, which take into consideration suppressing cable elongation under tension and excess loss under hydraulic pressure. This paper describes good laying results for the cable using this structural design method. The average loss for single-mode fibers was 0.72 dB/km, and the average loss for multimode fibers was 0.81 dB/km for a 10.2-km long cable operated at 1.3-microm wavelength.
Metamorphic 6.0 A Narrow Band Gap HBT Technology on InP Substrates (2006)

In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.86</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.14</sub> As/In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.86</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.14 </sub> As double heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBTs) were grown on InP substrates by using sub-micron 6.0 Aring metamorphic graded buffer layers. Good DC and RF characteristics have been demonstrated with a current gain of 30, low base-collector reverse leakage (<muA), low turn-on voltage (0.45 eV), practical breakdown voltage (~2.5 V), and peak frequencies f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> exceeding 150 GHz. Functional circuits with complexity ranging from 20 to 1100 devices have been successfully demonstrated with power dissipation reduced by a factor of two compared to equivalent circuits designed with conventional InP technology
<title>Salient contour extraction for target recognition</title> (1991)

To achieve robust and efficient object recognition, particularly from real outdoor images, methods to reduce clutter and extract salient information of objects need to be developed. Towards this end, the authors present a technique to rank and extract salient contours from a 2-D image acquired by a passive sensor. The goal is to find important contours corresponding to possible objects. The method presented starts with edgels from an edge detector and assigns a saliency measure to linked edgels (contours) based on length, smoothness, and contrast. For length the authors use the number of edgels in the contour; for smoothness they use average change of curvature; and for contrast, the edge magnitude. Contours are ranked by saliency and the more salient contours selected. This method is tested on several real outdoor images of objects in cluttered and occluded conditions. Excellent results are obtained. Performance of this technique is evaluated in the context of a recognition system that matches 2-D image corners with 3-D model vertices. Graphs, using corners on the object of interest and clutter are used to demonstrate the appropriateness of saliency ranking. Curves are plotted to display the percentage of object corners to all image corners for the top few salient contours. Extracting the more salient contours increases the ratio of image corners on the object to all image corners, reducing the search space for the corner matching step in recognition.
Oxytocin modulates human chemosensory decoding of sex in a dose-dependent manner (2021)

There has been accumulating evidence of human social chemo-signaling, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Considering the evolutionarily conserved roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in reproductive and social behaviors, we examined whether the two neuropeptides are involved in the subconscious processing of androsta-4,16,-dien-3-one and estra-1,3,5 (10),16-tetraen-3-ol, two human chemosignals that convey masculinity and femininity to the targeted recipients, respectively. Psychophysical data collected from 216 heterosexual and homosexual men across five experiments totaling 1056 testing sessions consistently showed that such chemosensory communications of masculinity and femininity were blocked by a competitive antagonist of both oxytocin and vasopressin receptors called atosiban, administered nasally. On the other hand, intranasal oxytocin, but not vasopressin, modulated the decoding of androstadienone and estratetraenol in manners that were dose-dependent, nonmonotonic, and contingent upon the recipients' social proficiency. Taken together, these findings establish a causal link between neuroendocrine factors and subconscious chemosensory communications of sex-specific information in humans.
Fluorescence Lifetime Studies of Crude Oils (1994)

The fluorescence lifetimes of a series of crude oils at various concentrations have been measured for UV-visible excitation and emission wavelengths. The lifetime results are compared with fluorescence spectra and quantum yields for these solutions. The concentration effects of energy transfer and quenching are large and result in a significant decrease in fluorescence lifetimes for high concentrations and for heavy crude oils. Thus, radiationless processes dominate in energy transfer. At high concentrations, energy transfer produces large red shifts in fluorescence emission spectra, while quenching produces a large reduction in quantum yields. Stern-Volmer analyses of lifetime and quenching data show a linear dependence of energy transfer and quenching rates on concentration. The rate constants are consistent with collisions which are very efficient at energy transfer and quenching, and the rates of these two processes are comparable.
Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons (1992)

Increased activity of dopamine-containing neurons in the ventral tegmental area is necessary for the reinforcing effects of opioids and other abused drugs. Intracellular recordings from these cells in slices of rat brain in vitro showed that opioids do not affect the principal (dopamine-containing) neurons but hyperpolarize secondary (GABA-containing) interneurons. Experiments with agonists and antagonists selective for opioid receptor subtypes indicated that the hyperpolarization of secondary cells involved the mu-receptor. Most principal cells showed spontaneous bicuculline-sensitive synaptic potentials when the extracellular potassium concentration was increased from 2.5 to 6.5 or 10.5 mM; these were prevented by TTX and assumed to result from action potentials arising in slightly depolarized local interneurons. The frequency of these synaptic potentials, but not their amplitudes, was reduced by opioids selective for mu-receptors. It is concluded that hyperpolarization of the interneurons by opioids reduces the spontaneous GABA-mediated synaptic input to the dopamine cells. In vivo, this would lead to excitation of the dopamine cells by disinhibition, which would be expected to contribute to the positive reinforcement seen with mu-receptor agonists such as morphine and heroin.
Adaptive Latency-Aware Query Processing on Encrypted Data for the Internet of Things (2016)

The massive adoption of The Internet of Things (IoT) and the creation of a smart-world around us leads to several privacy and security concerns. There has been significant work in the past to address the privacy and confidentiality of IoT data such as: providing secure end-to-end channels for the transmission of IoT data, encrypting IoT data using optimized cryptographic schemes such as order-preserving and homomorphic encryption that impose a reasonable energy overhead while improving security. However, for data intense IoT applications, decrypting large data sets using cryptographic schemes is significantly expensive in terms of latency as seen by the end user of the application. In this paper, we propose an Adaptive Latency-Aware Query Processing over encrypted IoT data that aims to: (i) minimize query latency for data intense applications as seen by the end user and, (ii) at the same time maintain minimum energy consumption overhead, comparable to the current schemes as much as possible. We present two main contributions: (i) a novel Adaptive latency-aware algorithm which chops down a single large query into several iterations of small sized queries by adaptively computing the optimal query size (t) for each iteration, and (ii) a novel IoT architecture with server cache suitable for addressing the latency issue through parallel execution, while leaving the Cloud database unmodified. Both contributions together allow minimizing query latency while maintaining minimum energy overhead. We evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive algorithm for latency and energy performance. The results show that the proposed adaptive solution delivers significantly a better latency performance while being comparable to the existing solutions in terms of energy efficiency.
Web annotation sharing using P2P (2006)

We have developed a system that allows users to add annotations immediately onto a Web page they are viewing, and share the information via a network. A novel feature of our method is that P2P nodes in the system determine their roles autonomously, and share the annotation data. Our method is based on P2P; however, P2P nodes in the system change their roles and data transfer procedures, depending on their network topology or the status of other nodes.Our method is robust to node or network problems, and has flexible scalability.
Array factor approach of leaky-wave antennas and application to 1-D/2-D composite right/left-handed (CRLH) structures (2004)

An array factor approach of leaky-wave (LW) antennas is proposed for efficient and fast computation of the radiation patterns of complex metamaterial LW structures of arbitrary length from the analysis of a single periodic unit cell. This approach is demonstrated in one-dimensional and two-dimensional composite right/left-handed (CRLH) LW antennas.
Knowledge creation in the healthcare sector: a legitimation strategy (2006)

There are two purposes of this study: 1. to examine the legitimacy-gaining model (the relationship between legitimation strategies and legitimacy) in the context of the hospital industry; 2. to explore the influence of the legitimacy-gaining model on the process through which knowledge is created within the hospital industry. This paper proposes a legitimacy-gaining model as the determinant of hospitals' knowledge-creation activities. We further suggest managerial and theoretical implications at the end of this paper.
Model Accuracy and Runtime Tradeoff in Distributed Deep Learning: A Systematic Study (2016)

Deep learning with a large number of parametersrequires distributed training, where model accuracy and runtimeare two important factors to be considered. However, there hasbeen no systematic study of the tradeoff between these two factorsduring the model training process. This paper presents Rudra, aparameter server based distributed computing framework tunedfor training large-scale deep neural networks. Using variants ofthe asynchronous stochastic gradient descent algorithm we studythe impact of synchronization protocol, stale gradient updates, minibatch size, learning rates, and number of learners on runtimeperformance and model accuracy. We introduce a new learningrate modulation strategy to counter the effect of stale gradientsand propose a new synchronization protocol that can effectivelybound the staleness in gradients, improve runtime performanceand achieve good model accuracy. Our empirical investigationreveals a principled approach for distributed training of neuralnetworks: the mini-batch size per learner should be reducedas more learners are added to the system to preserve the modelaccuracy. We validate this approach using commonly-used imageclassification benchmarks: CIFAR10 and ImageNet.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Intermittent Androgen Deprivation in Patients with Prostate Cancer Identified by a Novel Computational Method (2014)

For progressive prostate cancer, intermittent androgen deprivation (IAD) is one of the most common and effective treatments. Although this treatment is usually initially effective at regressing tumors, most patients eventually develop castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), for which there is no effective treatment and is generally fatal. Although several biologic mechanisms leading to CRPC development and their relative frequencies have been identified, it is difficult to determine which mechanisms of resistance are developing in a given patient. Personalized therapy that identifies and targets specific mechanisms of resistance developing in individual patients is likely one of the most promising methods of future cancer therapy. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a biomarker for monitoring tumor progression. We incorporated a cell death rate (CDR) function into a previous dynamical PSA model that was highly accurate at fitting clinical PSA data for 7 patients. The mechanism of action of IAD is largely induction of apoptosis, and each mechanism of resistance varies in its CDR dynamics. Thus, we analyze the CDR levels and their time-dependent oscillations to identify mechanisms of resistance to IAD developing in individual patients.
Developmental Validation of the PrepFiler™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit for Extraction of Genomic DNA from Biological Samples* (2009)

The PrepFiler Forensic DNA Extraction Kit enables isolation of genomic DNA from a variety of biological samples. The kit facilitates reversible binding of DNA with magnetic particles resulting in high DNA recovery from samples with very low and high quantities of biological materials: 0.1 and 40 microL of human blood (donor 2) provided 14 and 2883 ng of DNA, respectively. Following the revised SWGDAM guidelines, performance of the developed method was investigated using different sample types including saliva on swabs, semen stains on cotton fabric, samples exposed to environment, samples with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) inhibitors, blood stains (on denim, cotton cloth, and FTA paper), and touch evidence-type samples. DNA yields for all samples tested were equal or better than those obtained by both phenol-chloroform extraction and commercial kits tested. DNA obtained from these samples was free of detectable PCR inhibitors. Short tandem repeat profiles were complete, conclusive, and devoid of PCR artifacts.