gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient color image compression using integrated fuzzy neural networks for vector quantization (2002)

An efficient design of a vector quantizer for image compression is dependent on optimization criteria used in partitioning similar vector groups formed from the image in the spatial or transform domain. Usually a 3D vector quantization is applied to trivariant color spaces. Current trends in image coding exploit the advantage of subband/wavelet decompositions in reducing the complexity in optimal scalar/vector quantizer (SQ/VQ) design. We have used adaptive vector quantization of wavelet coefficients of subimages in each color plane in RGB color space. Our design of vector quantizers using two neuro-fuzzy clustering algorithms namely AFLC-VQ, and IAFC-VQ generates very low bit rate image encoder in color as well as monochrome and outperforms other similar designs in minimizing distortion arising from quantization. Further tuning of these algorithms, and addition of an entropy coder module after the VQ stage could result in extremely low bit rates (compression ratio around 100:1) at minimal distortion.
Antiviral 9-[2-(phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]purines (1991)

9-[2-(Phosphonomethoxy)alkoxy]purines have been prepared and evaluated as antiviral agents. These compounds are the first reported acyclonucleotides in which an acyclic phosphonic acid-bearing substituent is attached to N-9 of a purine via a nitrogen-oxygen bond. Some 2-(phosphonomethoxy)ethoxy derivatives, e.g. (24), (25) and (27), have potent activity against herpesviruses. Some 3-hydroxy-2-(phosphonomethoxy)propoxy derivatives, e.g. (23) and (34), and a cyclic phosphonate (35), are potent and selective inhibitors of the replication of visna virus, a retrovirus.
Online Combustor Stability Margin Assessment Using Dynamic Pressure Data (2005)

This paper describes a strategy for determining a combustor’s dynamic stability margin. Currently, when turbines are being commissioned or simply going through day to day operation, the operator does not know how the stability of the system is affected by changes to fuel splits or operating conditions unless, of course, pressure oscillations are actually present. We have developed a methodology for ascertaining the stability margin from dynamic pressure data that does not require external forcing and that works even when pressure oscillations have very low amplitudes. This method consists of signal processing and analysis that determines a real-time measure of combustor damping. When the calculated damping is positive, the combustor is stable. As the damping goes to zero, the combustor approaches its stability boundary. Changes in the stability margin of each of the combustor’s stable modes due to tuning, aging, or environmental changes can then be monitored through an on-line analysis of the pressure signal. This paper outlines the basic approach used to quantify acoustic damping and demonstrates the technique on combustor test data.
Molecular characterization of recent infectious bursal disease virus isolates from Malaysia. (2006)

Three isolates of Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV), designated UPM04178, UPM04190 and UPM04238, were obtained from severe outbreaks of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in Malaysia in 2004. The hypervariable region (HPVR) of VP2 gene of these isolates was sequenced. The obtained sequences were compared with those of other isolates. The highest similarity (98%) concerning both nucleotide and amino acid sequences was found to very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of the three isolates with vvIBDV strains. Evolutionary relatedness of the three isolates to vvIBDV strains was demonstrated by three phylogenetic methods: bootstrap values of 100%, 95% and 90% for nucleotide sequences and those of 58%, 86% and 96% for amino acid sequences were obtained by the distance, maximum parsimony and maximum likehood methods, respectively. It is concluded that UPM04178, UPM04190 and UPM04238 are vvIBDV isolates of serotype 1, which originate from a common ancestor of IBDV strains present in Malaysia.
Controller-based power management for control-flow intensive designs (1999)

This paper presents a low-overhead controller-based power management technique that redesigns control logic to reconfigure the existing data path components under idle conditions so as to minimize unnecessary activity. Controller-based power management exploits the fact that though the control signals in a register-transfer level implementation are fully specified, they can be respecified under certain states/conditions when the data path components that they control need not be active. We demonstrate that controller-based power management is often better-suited to control-flow intensive designs than comparable conventional power management techniques such as operand isolation. We present an algorithm to perform power management through controller redesign that consists of constructing an activity graph for each data path component, identifying conditions under which the component need not be active, and relabeling the activity graph resulting in redesign of the corresponding control expressions. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the potential side effects of controller-based power management on circuit delay, glitching activity at control and data path signals, and formation of false combinational cycles. Our algorithm avoids the above negative effects of controller-based power management to maximize power savings and minimize overheads. We present experimental results which demonstrate that (1) controller-based power management results in large power savings at minimal overheads for control-flow intensive designs, which pose several challenges to conventional power management techniques and (2) it is important to consider the various potential negative effects while performing controller-based power management in order to obtain maximal power savings.
Optical dialysis dose estimation for B2-microglubulin by fluorescencein the spent dialysate (2011)

Optical dialysis dose estimation for B2-microglubulin by fluorescencein the spent dialysate
Immunogenicity and protective immunity induced by synthetic peptides associated with a catalytic subdomain of mutans group streptococcal glucosyltransferase (1997)

We examined the immunogenicity and induction of protective immunity of two 19-mer sequences (GGY and AND) which overlapped a highly conserved region which has recently been implicated in the enzymatic activity of glucosyltransferases (GTFs) of the mutans group streptococci. These peptides were synthesized as eight-branched constructs on a lysine core. Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, induced by subcutaneous (s.c. [salivary gland vicinity]) injection with these peptide constructs, reacted with the inciting antigen, with mutans streptococcal GTFs, and with a 21-mer peptide (CAT) containing an aspartate previously shown to covalently bind sucrose. Several of these antisera also inhibited the ability of Streptococcus sobrinus GTF to synthesize insoluble glucan. Significant levels of salivary IgA antibody were also induced by GGY and AND peptide constructs after s.c. injection. The effect of immunization with the GGY and AND peptide constructs on the cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans was studied in three experiments by immunization of weanling Sprague-Dawley rats, twice at 7- to 14-day intervals with peptides, S. sobrinus GTF, or phosphate-buffered saline. All rats were then orally infected with S. mutans SJ. After 63-day infection periods, the GGY and AND-injected groups had significant dental caries reductions compared with sham-injected groups in most experiments. These studies support the existence of an additional catalytic subdomain within the sequence defined by the GGY and AND peptides. Furthermore, the epitopes defined in these sequences have significant immunogenicity, can induce immune responses which interfere with GTF-mediated glucan synthesis in vitro, and can protect rats from experimental dental caries.
Touch mode capacitive pressure sensor for passive tire monitoring system (2003)

This paper deals with silicon capacitive pressure sensor called "touch-mode" type . A touch mode capacitive pressure sensor that can be used in automobile tire pressure monitoring systems has been developed, and its structure and the fabrication process are described The morphology of the chemically etched diaphragm surface, which has a great influence on fracture toughness of the diaphragm, is focused on.
The effects of derivatives of histamine on natural suppressor cells. (1986)

Histamine is an impressive modulator of immune functions at least via its effects on lymphoid cells. Its in vivo effects will not be used practically as long as they produce the profound cardiovascular and pulmonary effects for which the drug is known. A series of 13 congener derivatives and conjugates of histamine was constructed and was tested to investigate whether chemical alterations would result in pharmacologic actions on leukocytes that were more potent and effect specific than histamine. The new compounds, which contained spacer groups of varying lengths between ligand and carrier and with various aromatic modifying groups, showed potencies widely different from histamine when tested in natural suppressor cells. Some compounds showed selective effects on natural suppressor cells in that they were inactive on myocardial tissue, whereas other compounds were selectively active on the myocardium. Some compounds augmented the suppressive capacity of natural suppressor cells in mixed leukocyte reactions via H1 receptors. Our scheme might be more widely extrapolated to other low m.w. immune modulators in an attempt to make them lymphocyte specific. The data also encourage the in vivo testing of selected histamine analogues as selective modulators of immunity. Some of these modulators might be experimentally useful in vivo because they may lack actions in other tissues.
<title>Novel liquid crystal spatial light modulators for adaptive optics and image processing</title> (1998)

The subjects of the study were spatial light modulators (SLM), comprised by polymer photoconductor (PC) or a-Si<SUB>1-x</SUB>:C<SUB>x</SUB>:H photoconductor, and ferroelectric liquid crystal. The polymer PC provides the highest available diffraction efficiency (DE) among all layers when the spatial frequency of the hologram exceeds approximately 100 lp/mm. At the same time the parameters of the a-Si<SUB>1-x</SUB>:C<SUB>x</SUB>:H PC layer can be varied across the wide range and thus the proper tradeoff between the spatial resolution and reversibly can be chosen.
Antifungal agents. 4. Chemical modification of antibiotics from Polyangium cellulosum var fulvum. Ester and amide analogues of ambruticin (1979)

A series of ester and amide analogues of ambruticin (1) was prepared. The analogues were tested against Histoplasma capsulatum, Microsporum fulvum, Candida albicans and Streptococcus pyogenes. Structure-activity relationships are described.
Process of stripping in a catalytic cracking operation employing a catalyst mixture (1989)

This patent describes an improved process for stripping, or desorbing, entrained hydrocarbon material and where present, sulfur-containing material, from a catalyst mixture recovered from a catalytic cracking reaction zone. It comprises: providing a quantity of catalyst mixture containing at least one entrained material selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon material and sulfur-containing material, in at least one stripping zone in which a stripping gas removes the entrained material. The catalyst mixture comprises a first catalyst component and a second catalyst component wherein the first catalyst component includes particles of an amorphous cracking catalyst, a large pore crystalline zeolite cracking catalyst or admixtures thereof. The second catalyst component comprises particles of a shape selective medium pore crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst, the particles of first and second catalyst components and passing ethylene through the stripping zone containing the particles of the shape selective medium pore crystalline silicate zeolite catalyst, thereby conducting an exothermic reaction within the stripping zone continues the second catalyst component. The heat released by the exothermic reaction providing an increase in the temperature of the catalyst in the stripping zone which results in the removal of a greater quantity of entrained material than that occurring in the absencemore » of such exothermic reaction.« less
A note on privacy preserving iteratively reweighted least squares (2016)

Iteratively reweighted least squares (IRLS) is a widely-used method in machine learning to estimate the parameters in the generalised linear models. In particular, IRLS for L1 minimisation under the linear model provides a closed-form solution in each step, which is a simple multiplication between the inverse of the weighted second moment matrix and the weighted first moment vector. When dealing with privacy sensitive data, however, developing a privacy preserving IRLS algorithm faces two challenges. First, due to the inversion of the second moment matrix, the usual sensitivity analysis in differential privacy incorporating a single datapoint perturbation gets complicated and often requires unrealistic assumptions. Second, due to its iterative nature, a significant cumulative privacy loss occurs. However, adding a high level of noise to compensate for the privacy loss hinders from getting accurate estimates. Here, we develop a practical algorithm that overcomes these challenges and outputs privatised and accurate IRLS solutions. In our method, we analyse the sensitivity of each moments separately and treat the matrix inversion and multiplication as a post-processing step, which simplifies the sensitivity analysis. Furthermore, we apply the {\it{concentrated differential privacy}} formalism, a more relaxed version of differential privacy, which requires adding a significantly less amount of noise for the same level of privacy guarantee, compared to the conventional and advanced compositions of differentially private mechanisms.
Indoor Localization Using FM Signals (2013)

The major challenge for accurate fingerprint-based indoor localization is the design of robust and discriminative wireless signatures. Even though WiFi received signal strength indicator (RSSI) signatures are widely available indoors, they vary significantly over time and are susceptible to human presence, multipath, and fading due to the high operating frequency. To overcome these limitations, we propose to use FM broadcast radio signals for robust indoor fingerprinting. Because of the lower frequency, FM signals are less susceptible to human presence, multipath, and fading, they exhibit exceptional indoor penetration, and according to our experimental study they vary less over time when compared to WiFi signals. In this paper, we demonstrate through a detailed experimental study in three different buildings across the US, that FM radio signal RSSI values can be used to achieve room-level indoor localization with similar or better accuracy to the one achieved by WiFi signals. Furthermore, we propose to use additional signal quality indicators at the physical layer (i.e., SNR, multipath, etc.) to augment the wireless signature, and show that localization accuracy can be further improved by more than 5 percent. More importantly, we experimentally demonstrate that the localization errors of FM and WiFi signals are independent. When FM and WiFi signals are combined to generate wireless fingerprints, the localization accuracy increases as much as 83 percent (when accounting for wireless signal temporal variations) compared to when WiFi RSSI only is used as a signature.
Gas-leak localization using distributed ultrasonic sensors (2009)

We propose an ultrasonic gas leak localization system based on a distributed network of sensors. The system deploys highly sensitive miniature Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) microphones and uses a suite of energy-decay (ED) and time-delay of arrival (TDOA) algorithms for localizing a source of a gas leak. Statistical tools such as the maximum likelihood (ML) and the least squares (LS) estimators are used for approximating the source location when closed-form solutions fail in the presence of ambient background nuisance and inherent electronic noise. The proposed localization algorithms were implemented and tested using a Java-based simulation platform connected to four or more distributed MEMS microphones observing a broadband nitrogen leak from an orifice. The performance of centralized and decentralized algorithms under ED and TDOA schemes is analyzed and compared in terms of communication overhead and accuracy in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN).
A novel tricyclic pyrone compound ameliorates cell death associated with intracellular amyloid‐β oligomeric complexes (2006)

The neurotoxicity of amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) is widely regarded as one of the fundamental causes of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease (AD). This toxicity is related to Abeta aggregation into oligomers, protofibrils and fibrils. Recent studies suggest that intracellular Abeta, which causes profound toxicity, could be one of the primary therapeutic targets in AD. So far, no compounds targeting intracellular Abeta have been identified. We have investigated the toxicity induced by intracellular Abeta in a neuroblastoma MC65 line and found that it was closely related to intracellular accumulation of oligomeric complexes of Abeta (Abeta-OCs). We further identified a cell-permeable tricyclic pyrone named CP2 that ameliorates this toxicity and significantly reduces the levels of Abeta-OCs. In aqueous solution, CP2 attenuates Abeta oligomerization and prevents the oligomer-induced death of primary cortical neurons. CP2 analogs represent a new class of promising compounds for the amelioration of Abeta toxicities within both intracellular and extracellular sites.
Therapeutic Applications for Agents that Act at CB1 and CB2 Receptors (2008)

This chapter reviews evidence that supports the established therapeutic uses of cannabinoid receptor ligands: CB1 and/or CB2 receptor agonists as anti-emetics, appetite stimulants, and analgesics for the relief of neuropathic pain, and CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic risk factors. It also identifies and discusses some additional potential therapeutic applications of cannabinoid receptor ligands for which the preclinical and clinical evidence is particularly promising. These include the use of cannabinoid receptor agonists for the management of multiple sclerosis and inflammatory pain. In addition, brief mention is made of a range of other possible therapeutic uses for cannabinoid receptor agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists.
Development of an On-Line Tritium Monitor with Gamma Ray Rejection and Energy Discrimination (1982)

With the prospect of large fusion facilities coming on-line in the not-too-distant future, it is becoming increasingly important that an on-line tritium-monitoring system be developed which is capable of detecting small amounts of released tritium. Since tritium oxide is some 400 times as hazardous as elemental tritium, it is necessary to distinguish between the two in order to properly evaluate the hazard. Presently available on-line instrumentation has marginal sensitivity, is unable to distinguish between the two forms of tritium, and has poor discrimination against background gamma radiation and air activation products. The objective of our program is to develop a monitoring system with the capability of distinguishing between the two forms of tritium, detecting tritium with a sensitivity of a fraction of an MPC/sub a/ (1 MPC/sub a/ = 5. x 10/sup -6/ Ci/M/sup 3/) for the oxide, and discriminating against gamma activity and airborne activity other than tritium.
Molecular Modeling of the Interaction of Neurotrophins with the P75NTR Common Neurotrophin Receptor (2005)

Neurotrophins are a family of proteins with pleiotropic effects mediated by two distinct receptor types, namely the trk family and the common neurotrophin receptor p75 NTR Binding of four mammalian neurotrophins, nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) and neurotrophin-4/5 (NT-4/5), to p75 NTR is studied by large scale molecular dynamics simulations using CHARMM force field. Geometric match of neurotrophin/receptor binding domains in the complexes is evaluated by the Lawrence & Colman’s shape complementarity statistic S c. The model of neurotrophin/receptor interactions suggests that the receptor binding domains of neurotrophins (loops I and IV) are geometrically and electrostatically complementary to a putative binding site of p75 NTR formed by the second and part of the third cysteine-rich domains. All charged residues within the loops I and IV of the neurotrophins, previously determined as being critical for p75 NTR binding, directly participate in receptor binding in the framework of the model. Principal residues of the binding site of p75 NTR include Asp 47, Lys 56, Asp 75, Asp 76, Asp 88 and Glu 89. The additional involvement of Arg 80 and Glu 73 is specific for NGF and BDNF, respectively, and Glu 73 participates in binding with NT-3 and NT-4/5. The model developed has utility in computer-aided molecular design.
Electrically driven silicon resonant light emitting device based on slot-waveguide (2005)

An all-silicon in-plane micron-size electrically driven resonant cavity light emitting device (RCLED) based on slotted waveguide is proposed and modeled. The device consists of a microring resonator formed by Si/SiO2 slot-waveguide with a low-index electroluminescent material (erbium-doped SiO2) in the slot region. The geometry of the slot-waveguide permits the definition of a metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configuration for the electrical excitation of the active material. Simulations predict a quality factor Q of 6,700 for a 20- microm-radius electrically driven microring RCLED capable to operate at a very low bias current of 0.75 nA. Lasing conditions are also discussed.
Generic and automatic address configuration for data center networks (2010)

Data center networks encode locality and topology information into their server and switch addresses for performance and routing purposes. For this reason, the traditional address configuration protocols such as DHCP require huge amount of manual input, leaving them error-prone. In this paper, we present DAC, a generic and automatic Data center Address Configuration system. With an automatically generated blueprint which defines the connections of servers and switches labeled by logical IDs, e.g., IP addresses, DAC first learns the physical topology labeled by device IDs, e.g., MAC addresses. Then at the core of DAC is its device-to-logical ID mapping and malfunction detection. DAC makes an innovation in abstracting the device-to-logical ID mapping to the graph isomorphism problem, and solves it with low time-complexity by leveraging the attributes of data center network topologies. Its malfunction detection scheme detects errors such as device and link failures and miswirings, including the most difficult case where miswirings do not cause any node degree change. We have evaluated DAC via simulation, implementation and experiments. Our simulation results show that DAC can accurately find all the hardest-to-detect malfunctions and can autoconfigure a large data center with 3.8 million devices in 46 seconds. In our implementation, we successfully autoconfigure a small 64-server BCube network within 300 milliseconds and show that DAC is a viable solution for data center autoconfiguration.