gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Ensemble Level Upscaling Approach for Efficient Estimation of Fine-Scale Production Statistics Using Coarse-Scale Simulations (2007)

Abstract Upscaling is often needed in reservoir simulation to coarsen highly detailed geological descriptions. Most existing upscaling procedures aim to reproduce fine-scale results for a particular geological model (realization). In this work we develop and test a new approach, ensemble level upscaling, for efficiently generating upscaled two-phase flow parameters (e.g., upscaled relative permeabilities) for multiple geological realizations. For this purpose, flow-based upscaling calculations are combined with a statistical estimation procedure (cluster analysis). This approach allows us to numerically compute the upscaled two-phase flow functions for only a small portion of the coarse blocks. For the majority of blocks, these functions are estimated statistically based on single-phase velocity information (attributes), determined when the upscaled single-phase parameters are calculated. The procedure is designed to maintain close correspondence between the cumulative distribution functions for the numerically computed and statistically estimated two-phase flow functions. We apply the method to two-dimensional synthetic models of multiple realizations for uncertainty quantification. Models with different geological heterogeneity and fluid mobility ratios are considered. It is shown that the method consistently corrects the biases evident in primitive coarse-scale predictions and can capture the ensemble statistics (e.g., P50, P10, P90) of the fine-scale results almost as accurately as the full flow-based upscaling procedures, but with much less computational effort. The overall approach is flexible and can be used with any combination of upscaling procedures.
Human Monoclonal Antibodies Neutralizing Cytomegalovirus (CMV) for Prophylaxis of CMV Disease: Report of a Phase I Trial in Bone Marrow Transplant Recipients (1991)

The safety and pharmacokinetics of the two neutralizing human IgG1 monoclonal antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV) SDZ 89-104 and 89-109 in bone marrow transplant (BMT) recipients was assessed in an open phase I trial. Thirteen patients, 8 seropositive and 5 seronegative for CMV, were treated with allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation. SDZ 89-104 was given to 5 and SDZ 89-109 to 8 patients. Patients were divided into high- and low-dose groups. A fixed prestudy dose of 0.1 mg/kg was given 4 days before BMT. On days 3, 17, 31, 45, 59, and 73, patients were treated with either 0.5 or 2 mg/kg of the respective antibody. Results indicate that doses of 2 mg/kg of SDZ 89-104 or SDZ 89-109 in alternating weeks can be safely administered to BMT patients. Serum trough levels measured by antiidiotype ELISA were approximately 10 micrograms/ml after administration of 0.5 mg/kg and approximately 50 micrograms/ml after treatment with 2 mg/kg of SDZ 89-104 or SDZ 89-109. High serum levels defined by antiidiotype ELISA techniques closely paralleled increased neutralizing activity. Serum half-lives calculated from these data were approximately 6 days.
Investigation on the frequency response characteristics of an instrument for laser vibrometry and laser displacementmetry (1996)

This paper proposes the new technique for the frequency response characterization of the laser vibrometry or the laser displacementmetry, where the optical interference is the working principle. In order to investigate the frequency response of laser vibrometers or laser displacement meters, the surface of high speed translational motion with the broad frequency bandwidth is absolutely required. That motion is materialized by the reflection of an elastic pulse propagating in a metal bar. A projectile made of aluminum is accelerated by the pressurized air and impinges on one end surface of the bar. The elastic wave is generated by the collision and propagates in the bar axis direction and reflects at the other end surface of the bar. The bar is supported by four steel bearing balls which are placed on the V-shaped grooves. The motion of the end surface can be considered to be in plain based on the numerical calculation. The surface is measured simultaneously using the reference laser interferometer developed in NRLM and a laser displacement meter based on the heterodyne technique (Hoshin Electronics HS-1100). HS-1100 uses the real time fringe counting technique. The reference interferometer, on the other hand uses a transient recorder (Tektronix RTD-710) which stores all of the interference signals during the elastic pulse reflection. The analysis and the wave form calculation based on the phase analysis is done after the experiment, leading to the broad frequency bandwidth. The comparison in the frequency domain using Fast Fourier Transform provides the frequency response characteristics of the tested laser displacement meter. It turned out that bandwidth of HS-1100 was up to 20 kHz, though the design value was 100 kHz.
Photonic analog-to-digital conversion by distributed phase modulation (2000)

A photonic analog-to-digital converter with a binary optical output was constructed. The architecture scheme is a pipeline analog-to-digital converter, employing phase modulators and polarization-based optics. The result is a photonic analog signal processor that maps an input analog waveform into a binary output. The operational speed of the conversion is primarily limited by the maximum slew rate of the phase modulators.
Multiple negative transconductance and differential conductance in a bipolar transistor by sequential quenching of resonant tunneling (1988)

The operation of the first multistate bipolar transistor is reported. Multiple peaks are obtained in the collector current-voltage characteristics by sequentially quenching resonant tunneling through a series of double barriers placed in the emitter. GaInAs npn devices with two AlInAs/GaInAs double barriers exhibit two peaks in the direct and transfer characteristics, with peak-to-valley ratios in the latter as high as 4:1 and 20:1 at 300 and 77 K, respectively. The intrinsically multistate operation of this new transistor opens up exciting opportunities for digital and analog circuits with greatly reduced complexity and multiple valued logic.
Blockade of Dll4 Inhibits Tumour Growth by Promoting Non‐Productive Angiogenesis (2007)

Tumour growth requires accompanying expansion of the host vasculature, with tumour progression often correlated with vascular density. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the best-characterized inducer of tumour angiogenesis. We report that VEGF dynamically regulates tumour endothelial expression of Delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4), which was previously shown to be absolutely required for normal embryonic vascular development. To define Dll4 function in tumour angiogenesis, we manipulated this pathway in murine tumour models using several approaches. Here we show that blockade resulted in markedly increased tumour vascularity, associated with enhanced angiogenic sprouting and branching. Paradoxically, this increased vascularity was nonproductive--as shown by poor perfusion and increased hypoxia, and most importantly, by decreased tumour growth--even for tumours resistant to anti-VEGF therapy. Thus, VEGF-induced Dll4 acts as a negative regulator of tumour angiogenesis; its blockade results in a striking uncoupling of tumour growth from vessel density, presenting a novel therapeutic approach even for tumours resistant to anti-VEGF therapies.
Effects of Modifications of Residues in Position 3 of Dynorphin A(1−11)-NH<sub>2</sub>on κ Receptor Selectivity and Potency (1996)

Tyrosine1 and phenylalanine4 in dynorphin A (Dyn A) have been reported to be important residues for opioid agonist activity and for potency at kappa receptors. The glycine residues in the 2 and 3 positions of dynorphin A may affect the relative orientation of the aromatic rings in positions 1 and 4, but their flexibility precludes careful analysis. To examine these effects on dynorphin A, we previously have synthesized the linear analogues [D-Ala3]Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 (2) and [Ala3]Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 (3) and reported their biological activities. Analogues 2 and 3 displayed affinities for the central kappa opioid receptor (IC50 = 0.76 and 1.1 nM, respectively) similar to that of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 (1) (IC50 = 0.58 nM) and greatly enhanced selectivities for kappa vs mu and kappa vs delta receptors (IC50 ratios of 350 and 1300 for 2, and 190 and 660 for 3, respectively). These results suggest that the structure and lipophilicity of the amino acid present in position 3 of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 as well as the conformational changes they induce in the message sequence of dynorphin have important effects on potency and selectivity for kappa opioid receptors. To further investigate structure-activity relationships involving the residue at the 3 position of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2, a series of Dyn A analogues with aromatic, charged, and aliphatic side chain substitutions at the 3 position was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their affinities for kappa, mu, and delta opioid receptors. It was found that analogues with lipophilic amino acids at the 3 position of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 generally displayed higher affinity but similar selectivities for the kappa receptor than analogues with charged residues at the same position. It is suggested that the structural, configurational, and steric/lipophilic effects of amino acids at position 3 of Dyn A(1-11)-NH2 may play an important role in potency and selectivity for the kappa receptor.
CT reconstruction filter design in the real space (2004)

Theoretically, the ramp filter for filter backprojection reconstruction in X-ray computed tomography (CT) is a generalized function, expressed as |ω| in the frequency domain and -1/(2π<sup>2</sup>t<sup>2</sup>) in the real space. The traditional method for designing a practical filter is to select a curve in the frequency domain which is close to the function |Οω| in some sense. Similarly, to design a practical filter one also can select a function in the real space which approximates the function -1/(2π<sup>2</sup>t<sup>2</sup>). Several approximations are studied, leading to either known or new filters. The image reconstructed using the new filter is comparable with that using the band-limited filter.
On-Chip Kerr Frequency Comb Generation in Lithium Niobate Microresonators (2018)

We demonstrate Kerr frequency comb generation in high quality factor, dispersion engineered lithium niobate microresonators. The generated combs span over 250 nm in the telecommunication wavelength range.
Subpixel resolving optofluidic microscope based on super resolution algorithm (2011)

We report the implementation of a fully on-chip, lensless, sub-pixel resolving optofluidic microscope (SROFM) based on the super resolution algorithm. The device utilizes microfluidic flow to deliver specimens directly across a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor to generate a sequence of low-resolution (LR) projection images, where resolution is limited by the sensor's pixel size. This image sequence is then processed with a pixel super-resolution algorithm to reconstruct a single high resolution (HR) image, where features beyond the Nyquist rate of the LR images are resolved. We demonstrate the device's capabilities by imaging red blood cell, microspheres, protist Euglena gracilis, and Entamoeba invadens cysts with sub-cellular resolution. We also demonstrate the capability of SROFM for malaria infected red blood cell diagnostics.
Containerless polymeric microsphere production for biomedical applications (1987)

A containerless method that produces highly uniform microspheres (greater than 50 microns in diameter) from many materials has been developed for biomedical applications. A piezoelectrically vibrated drop generator forms uniform (monodisperse) monomer droplets that are either electrostatistically levitated and polymerized using UV irradiation, or free-radical polymerized. Spheres of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate polymer have been produced with diameters of 155 microns + or - 1.57 percent.
Antimalarials. 16. Synthesis of 2-substituted analogs of 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinoline as candidate antimalarials (1989)

A series of 2-substituted analogues of the exceptional drug 8-[(4-amino-1-methylbutyl)amino]-6-methoxy-4-methyl-5-[3- (trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]quinoline (I) were prepared and evaluated for both suppressive and prophylactic antimalarial activity. The preparation of analogues of compound I was of interest due to the high level of both blood and tissue schizonticidal activity demonstrated by this compound. One analogue, 8a, was found to be both more active and less toxic than the parent compound I. In addition, three analogues of example 8a were prepared. Although two of the three analogues showed significant antimalarial activity, both were inferior to compound 8a.
Identifying Architecturally Significant Functional Requirements (2015)

Failure to identify and analyze architecturally significant functional and non-functional requirements (NFRs) early on in the life cycle of a project can result in costly rework in later stages of software development. While NFRs indicate an explicit architectural impact, the impact that functional requirements may have on architecture is often implicit. The skills needed for capturing functional requirements are different than those needed for making architectural decisions. As a result, these two activities are often conducted by different teams in a project. Therefore it becomes necessary to integrate the knowledge gathered by people with different expertise to make informed architectural decisions. We present a study to bring out that functional requirements often have implicit architectural impact and do not always contain comprehensive information to aid architectural decisions. Further, we present our initial work on automating the identification of architecturally significant functional requirements from requirements documents and their classification into categories based on the different kinds of architectural impact they can have. We believe this to be a crucial precursor for recommending specific design decisions. We envisage ArcheR, a tool that (a) automates the identification of architecturally significant functional requirements from requirement specification documents, (b) classify them into categories based on the different kinds of architectural impact they can have, (c) recommend probing questions the business analyst should ask in order to produce a more complete requirements specification, and (d) recommend possible architectural solutions in response to the architectural impact.
Microbial Electrosynthesis: Feeding Microbes Electricity To Convert Carbon Dioxide and Water to Multicarbon Extracellular Organic Compounds (2010)

The possibility of providing the acetogenic microorganism Sporomusa ovata with electrons delivered directly to the cells with a graphite electrode for the reduction of carbon dioxide to organic compounds was investigated. Biofilms of S. ovata growing on graphite cathode surfaces consumed electrons with the reduction of carbon dioxide to acetate and small amounts of 2-oxobutyrate. Electrons appearing in these products accounted for over 85% of the electrons consumed. These results demonstrate that microbial production of multicarbon organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water with electricity as the energy source is feasible.
Sandia Corporation (Albuquerque, NM) (2006)

A method of designing a primary geometry, such as for a forming die, to be used in a powder pressing application by using a combination of axisymmetric geometric shapes, transition radii, and transition spaces to simulate the geometry where the shapes can be selected from a predetermined list or menu of axisymmetric shapes and then developing a finite element mesh to represent the geometry. This mesh, along with material properties of the component to be designed and powder, is input to a standard deformation finite element code to evaluate the deformation characteristics of the component being designed. The user can develop the geometry interactively with a computer interface in minutes and execute a complete analysis of the deformation characteristics of the simulated component geometry.
Feline Leukemia Virus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome in Cats as a Model for Evaluation of Antiretroviral Therapy (1989)

Severe progressive immunodeficiency syndrome can be induced experimentally with a molecularly cloned isolate of feline leukemia virus (FeLV-FAIDS). The resultant disease syndrome is characterized by persistent viremia, lymphopenia, progressive weight loss, persistent diarrhea, enteropathy, and opportunistic infections. The onset of clinical immunodeficiency disease is prefigured by the replication of the FeLV-FAIDS variant virus in bone marrow and other tissues. The FeLV-FAIDS system can be used to evaluate antiviral agents which act on steps in the replication cycle which are conserved among retroviruses (e.g. reverse transcriptase, protease, assembly). The persistence and magnitude of viremia serves as a useful parameter in antiviral studies because it can be easily measured, presages the eventual development of immunodeficiency, and provides a convenient indicator of therapeutic efficacy either in preventing de novo FeLV infection or in reversing or ameliorating established infection. We describe here the evaluation of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) against FeLV-FAIDS infection - both in vitro in cell culture assay systems and in vivo in cats administered ddC either via intravenous bolus dosage or via controlled release subcutaneous implants. We found that, although controlled release delivery of ddC inhibited de novo FeLV-FAIDS replication and delayed onset of viremia when therapy was discontinued (after 3 weeks), an equivalent incidence and level of viremia were established rapidly in both ddC-treated and control cats. The FeLV model, therefore, can be used to assess rapidly experimental single agent or combined antiviral therapies for persistent retrovirus infection and disease.
Interleaved water and fat dual‐echo spin echo imaging with intrinsic chemical‐shift elimination (2001)

A new technique was developed to simultaneously acquire water and fat dual-echo spin echo images in a single acquisition period. Chemical shifts between water and fat images are intrinsically eliminated, and the images are combined to form water-plus-fat image. In vivo water-only images show fat suppression superior to that of conventional spin echo images. This technique may be clinically useful for musculoskeletal imaging. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:318–323. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Automated QoE evaluation of Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (2013)

Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP (DASH) is referred to as a multimedia streaming standard to deliver high quality multimedia content over the Internet using conventional HTTP Web servers. As a fundamental feature, it enables automatic switching of quality levels according to network conditions, user requirements, and expectations. Currently, the proposed adaptation schemes for HTTP streaming mostly rely on throughput measurements and/or buffer-related metrics, such as buffer exhaustion and levels. In this paper, we propose to enhance the DASH adaptation logic by feeding it with additional information from our evaluation of the users' perception approximating the user-perceived quality of video playback. The proposed model aims at conveniently combining TCP-, buffer-, and media content-related metrics as well as user requirements and expectations to be used as an input for the DASH adaptation logic. Experiments have demonstrated that the chosen model enhances the capability of the adaptation logic to select the optimal video quality level. Finally, we integrated all our findings into a real DASH system with QoE monitoring capabilities.
Phase transition characteristics of Al-Sb phase change materials for phase change memory application (2013)

The crystallization behavior of Al-Sb thin films is investigated for phase change memory application. The crystallization temperature and optical band gap of the amorphous material increase with Al content. The thermal stability and randomness in atomic configuration of the films are enhanced considerably. The shift of Raman modes associated mainly with Sb upon phase transformation is observed, and the co-existence of Sb-rich crystalline regions and Al-rich amorphous matrix is confirmed, revealing the amorphous nature of most Al components. Three distinct resistance levels are achieved in the devices using Al50Sb50, suggesting the potentiality for multilevel data storage application of the materials.
Isothermal Amplification Using a Chemical Heating Device for Point-of-Care Detection of HIV-1 (2012)

The RT-LAMP isothermal amplification method used in conjunction with a chemical heating device provides a portable, rapid and robust NAAT platform that has the potential to facilitate HIV-1 testing in resource-limited settings and POC.
Programmed cell death in Drosophila (1994)

During Drosophila development, large numbers of cells undergo natural cell death. Even though the onset of these deaths is controlled by many different signals, most of the dying cells undergo common morphological and biochemical changes that are characteristic of apoptosis in vertebrates. We have surveyed a large fraction of the Drosophila genome for genes that are required for programmed cell death by examining the pattern of apoptosis in embryos homozygous for previously identified chromosomal deletions. A single region on the third chromosome (in position 75C1,2) was found to be essential for all cell deaths that normally occur during Drosophila embryogenesis. We have cloned the corresponding genomic DNA and isolated a gene, reaper, which is capable of restoring apoptosis when reintroduced into cell death defective deletions. The reaper gene is specifically expressed in cells that are doomed to die, and its expression precedes the first morphological signs of apoptosis by 1-2 h. This gene is also rapidly induced upon X-ray irradiation, and reaper deletions offer significant protection against radiation-induced apoptosis. Our results suggest that reaper represents a key regulatory switch for the activation of apoptosis in response to a variety of distinct signals.
Integrate and Fire Pulse Train Automaton for QRS detection (2013)

Monitoring heart activity from electrocardiograms (ECG) is crucial to avoid unnecessary fatalities; therefore, detection of QRS complex is fundamental to automated ECG monitoring. Continuous, portable 24/7 ECG monitoring requires wireless technology with constraints on power, bandwidth, area, and resolution. In order to provide continuous remote monitoring of patients and fast transmission of data to medical personnel for instantaneous intervention, we propose a methodology that converts analog inputs into pulses for ultralow power implementation. The signal encoding scheme is the time-based integrate and fire (IF) sampler from which a set of signal descriptors in the pulse domain are proposed. Furthermore, a logical decision rule for QRS detection based on morphological checking is derived. The proposed decision logic depends exclusively on relational and logical operators resulting in ultrafast recognition and can be implemented using combinatorial logic hardware to guarantee power consumption orders of magnitude lower than any microprocessor device. The algorithm was evaluated using the MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and results show that our algorithm performance is comparable to the state-of-the art software-based detection.