gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling the Mdm2-Mdmx-p53 Circuit (2010)

The p53 tumor suppressor is a key protein in maintaining the integrity of the genome by inducing either cell cycle arrest or apoptosis following cellular stress signals. Two human family members, Mdm2 and Mdmx, are primarily responsible for inactivating p53 transcription and targeting p53 protein for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. In response to genotoxic stress, post-translational modifications to p53, Mdm2 and Mdmx stabilize and activate p53. The role that phosphorylation of these molecules plays in the cellular response to genotoxic agents has been extensively studied with respect to cancer biology. In this review, we discuss the main phosphorylation events of p53, Mdm2 and Mdmx in response to DNA damage that are important for p53 stability and activity. In tumors that harbor wild-type p53, reactivation of p53 by modulating both Mdm2 and Mdmx signaling is well suited as a therapeutic strategy. However, the rationale for development of kinase inhibitors that target the Mdm2-Mdmx-p53 axis must be carefully considered since modulation of certain kinase signaling pathways has the potential to destabilize and inactivate p53.
GATES: an airline gate assignment and tracking expert system (1988)

A description is given of GATES, an expert system that assigns gates to arriving and departing flights at New York's John F. Kennedy International Airport (JFK). GATES uses flight information and knowledge about current constraints to produce possible gate assignment schedules. GATES is a constraint-satisfaction expert system. To make its decisions, it uses two types of production rule: permissive rules and conflict rules. Permissive rules determine when it's appropriate to consider a particular gate for a particular flight, and permit the system to search the next level of rules to obtain an assignment. Conflict rules determine when particular flights cannot be assigned to particular gates. System operators can modify schedules by retracting rules, adjusting tolerances, and deleting information. The system was developed for a PC, thereby providing an efficient and flexible user environment. The approach is extensible to various engineering and industrial problems where limited resources and weakly defined constraints exist and in which scheduling must occur.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Learning to Explain: An Information-Theoretic Perspective on Model Interpretation (2018)

We introduce instancewise feature selection as a methodology for model interpretation. Our method is based on learning a function to extract a subset of features that are most informative for each given example. This feature selector is trained to maximize the mutual information between selected features and the response variable, where the conditional distribution of the response variable given the input is the model to be explained. We develop an efficient variational approximation to the mutual information, and show the effectiveness of our method on a variety of synthetic and real data sets using both quantitative metrics and human evaluation.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Restless Leg Syndrome and Periodic Limb Movement of Sleep (2003)

Restless leg syndrome (RLS) and periodic limb movement of sleep (PLMS), often concurrent, come under diagnosed disorders of sleep and treatable condition. RLS symptoms are evoked in the limbs at rest and increase in the evening and during the night. PLMS is characterized by periodic episodes of repetitive limb movements caused by muscle contractions during sleep. RLS is often associated with a sleep complaint and PLMS. Both RLS and PLMS represent one of the most commonly encountered sleep disorders in a primary care setting. The circadian rhythm and the presence of PLMS cause sleep disturbances in RLS. The emphasis on pathophysiology includes consideration of central nervous system localization, neurotransmitter, and the role of iron metabolism. Dopaminergic agents are considered the treatment of choice for RLS and PLMS. With proper diagnosis and effective treatment patients' ability to fall asleep and maintain sleep improves, and their sense of well being increases.
Ribotyping and Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA for Nosocomial <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> Isolates in a Pediatric Intensive-Care Unit (1997)

Abstract Between 1987 and 1989, two sequential outbreaks of nosocomial infection caused by Enterobacter cloacae occurred in the pediatric intensive-care unit of a tertiary-care teaching hospital. Seventeen strains retrieved from the outbreaks and two control strains identified in other wards were typed by ribotyping and random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The results indicated that the genomic pattern of strains identified between the first and second outbreaks was different. We conclude that both ribotyping and RAPD are highly discriminatory and reproducible methods for typing E cloacae . RAPD seems to be more efficacious and cost-effective.
Islanding detection for utility interconnection of multiple distributed generators (2008)

At present, islanding detection is one of the important research orientations in the area of distributed generation (DG). There exist currently in the literature several methods for islanding detection in the case of single distributed generator connected to a utility grid. These methods are classified as active, passive and methods installed on the utility. However, these methods have limitations or become ineffective in the case of multiple distributed generators connected to the same point of the utility grid because of the interferences between sources. In this paper, we present a robust islanding detection method based on the correlation technique. Analytical and simulation studies were performed in order to validate the accuracy of the method. The results showed that this method behaves well in the case of multiple distributed generators connected to the utility grid even in the critical situations i.e. when the power of the load is provided solely by the distributed generator.
악력과 하지 단일 근섬유 아형별 수축특성의 상관성 분석 (2018)

PURPOSE: Grip strength has been well documented to represent whole body strength. This study was performed to investigate whether absolute and relative grip strength is associated with thigh strength, and thigh-derived single muscle fiber contractile properties.
METHODS: Twelve healthy young adults (mean age 27.42 years) received needle biopsy on vastus lateralis muscles. Chemically skinned muscle fibers (n=215) were used to analyze single muscle fiber contractile properties (cross sectional area, maximal force, specific force, maximal shortening velocity) and MHC isoform composition. Pearson correlation was tested to identify the relationship between dominant hand grip strength, thigh strength, and thigh-derived single muscle fiber contractile properties.
RESULTS: The distribution of MHC I was higher in all the subjects compared to MHC II (type I: 57.2%, IIa: 37.2%, IIa/IIx: 2.3%, IIx: 3.3%). Specific force (8.2%) and maximal shortening velocity (74%) in MHC II were greater than those of MHC I. Absolute and relative grip strength normalized by height had a positive correlation with knee extensor isometric (r=.777, r=.75) and isokinetic (r=.632, r=.603) strength. In addition, the positive correlation of knee extensor isometric and isokinetic strength was observed against both CSA and Po in the thigh-derived single muscle fiber. Finally, Absolute and relative grip strength normalized by height were positively correlated with CSA (r=.279, r=.267) and Po (r=.373, r=.351) in MHC II, but not in MHC I.
CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that hand grip strength is highly associated with not only whole thigh muscle strength, but also thigh-derived fast single muscle fiber contractile properties (MHC II).
Size and Concentration Measurement of an Industrial Aerosol (1986)

Several real-time particle sizing instruments were evaluated for measuring the size distribution and concentration of the aerosol produced during the high speed grinding of gray iron castings. Aerosol was sampled in the airstream entrained by the motion of a spinning grinding wheel in a pilot grinding operation. Measurement methods based on differing physical principles were selected for evaluation and compared: particle inertia (aerodynamic particle sizer and quartz crystal microbalance cascade impactor); light scattering (laser aerosol spectrometer); and projected-area microscopy (scanning electron microscope). Inferences of aerodynamic diameter based on measurements by the laser aerosol spectrometer consistently undersized that determined by the aerodynamic particle sizer by a factor of 1.5. Estimates of aerodynamic diameters from projected area diameters determined by scanning electron microscopy differed from those obtained by the aerodynamic particle sizer by a factor of 2. Differences appeared to be a non-linear function of particle diameter. Estimates of respirable mass determined from mass-weighted particle size spectra varied by a factor of 6 between the largest estimate (scanning electron microscope) and the smallest estimate (laser aerosol spectrometer).
A (AD)MISSÃO DO INTELECTUAL: LITERATURA E PODER NO BRASIL (2018)

Este ensaio pretende discutir as relações de poder implícitas na produção cultural da periferia urbana no Brasil contemporâneo, com foco no discurso da literatura marginal. Neste sentido são considerados o papel do intelectual escritor, a linguagem e o caráter político da literatura na construção da cidadania. &nbsp;
Why is so Little Attention Paid to the Centralization of Data? (2008)

The complexities of current space programs result in similar databases used across a widely distributed team. A centralized database can be an excellent way to streamline data interfaces between the distributed users. This centralization often results in confusion about the process by which data is collected and distributed, increases cost, and without proper architecture can introduce unnecessary risk. Some areas of concern that could be remedied are the number of distinct entities developing data handling processes and introducing distinct boundaries within the data flow that align accountability and data fidelity. We propose a data flow architecture that enables seamless data import and export. The first step involves examining which kinds of teams (who) are involved with what types of data and the required format. In our process all contributors seamlessly provide data (what) into a centralized repository (where) based on satellite development phases (when). All users would then export data from a centralized repository in the format they require (how). And this would be independent of the location and number of providers / users. We would distinguish between the distinct areas of data manipulation to clear up the lines of responsibility and increase the fidelity of the data. First, the data must be stored in a way that relationships between information are created. The scary "schema" word applies here and is nothing more than a complicated and blank spreadsheet. Second, the data must be provided from some official source of information, including all the complexities of a particular type of data. Third is data control, whereby data is controlled from unauthorized update, verified to conform to the data input requirements with uniformity across provider inputs, increasing in fidelity as the project matures, and exported in conformance with the data exchange requirements.
Photo‐crosslinked poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (<scp>PEGDA</scp>) hydrogels from low molecular weight prepolymer: Swelling and permeation studies (2016)

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to assess the diffusive properties of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA)‐based hydrogels, derived from low MW prepolymers, in view of potential biomedical applications. Several hydrogels were synthesized through UV irradiation of PEGDA solutions for different exposure times. Swelling measurements in distilled water were performed to estimate the yielded crosslink density, while swelling tests at 37 °C in selected media allowed to analyze the mesh size changes induced by various pH and ionic strength (IonS) conditions. The transport of glucose and insulin through thin hydrogel membranes was finally assessed in a modified Ussing chamber at physiological values of pH and IonS (7.4 and 150 mM, respectively). Results showed that the swelling was dependent on the IonS (with swelling reductions up to 20–30% for IonS increases in the range 0–300 mM) and, to a lesser extent, on the pH of the surrounding medium (with swelling increments of about 10% for increasing pH in the range 2.5–11). All hydrogels were also permeable to glucose and insulin, which displayed comparable diffusion coefficients (in the order of 10 −6 cm 2 /s). Specific interactions between glucose and the polymer chains were evidenced by values of the partition coefficient higher than unity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134 , 44380.
Realizing whole-body tactile interactions with a self-organizing, multi-modal artificial skin on a humanoid robot (2015)

In this paper, we present a new approach to realize whole-body tactile interactions with a self-organizing, multi-modal artificial skin on a humanoid robot. We, therefore, equipped the whole upper body of the humanoid HRP-2 with various patches of CellulARSkin – a modular artificial skin. In order to automatically handle a potentially high number of tactile sensor cells and motors units, the robot uses open-loop exploration motions, and distributed accelerometers in the artificial skin cells, to acquire its self-centered sensory-motor knowledge. This body self-knowledge is then utilized to transfer multi-modal tactile stimulations into reactive body motions. Tactile events provide feedback on changes of contact on the whole-body surface. We demonstrate the feasibility of our approach on a humanoid, here HRP-2, grasping large and unknown objects only via tactile feedback. Kinesthetically taught grasping trajectories, are reactively adapted to the size and stiffness of different test objects. Our paper contributes the first realization of a self-organizing tactile sensor-behavior mapping on a full-sized humanoid robot, enabling a position controlled robot to compliantly handle objects.
Personalized object recognition for augmenting human memory (2016)

We propose a novel wearable system that enables users to create their own object recognition system with minimal effort and utilize it to augment their memory. A client running on Google Glass collects images of objects a user is interested in, and sends them to the server with a request for a machine learning task: training or classification. The server processes the request and returns the result to Google Glass. During training, the server not only aims to build machine learning models with user generated image data, but also to update the models whenever new data is added by the user. Preliminary experimental results show that our system DeepEye is able to train the custom machine learning models in an efficient manner and to classify an image into one of 10 different user-defined categories with 97% accuracy. We also describe challenges and opportunities for the proposed system as an external memory extension aid for end users.
Photo-induced charge transfer and nonlinear absorption in dyads composed of a two-photon-absorbing donor and a perylene diimide acceptor (2011)

This paper reports the synthesis and electrochemical and optical properties of two molecular dyads (Dyad 1 and Dyad 2) consisting of a 2,7-bis(4-(diarylamino)styryl)carbazole two-photon-absorbing donor chromophore, connected by different linkers to a perylene diimide (PDI) acceptor. The photo-induced charge transfer in these compounds is characterised using transient absorption measurements. The use of the compounds for optical limiting is discussed; because of spectral overlap between the donor two-photon absorption band and the one-photon absorption band of the PDI radical anion, the dyads exhibit enhanced nonlinear absorption at wavelengths between 700 and 800 nm relative to that seen for the two-photon absorbing donor chromophore. The stronger nonlinear absorption observed for Dyad 1vs.Dyad 2 is attributed to a higher yield of photo-generated radical ions and a longer lived charge-separated state, resulting from differences in the linker between the donor and acceptor.
Structural insights on complement activation (2015)

The proteolytic cleavage of C3 to generate C3b is the central and most important step in the activation of complement, a major component of innate immunity. The comparison of the crystal structures of C3 and C3b illustrates large conformational changes during the transition from C3 to C3b. Exposure of a reactive thio-ester group allows C3b to bind covalently to surfaces such as pathogens or apoptotic cellular debris. The displacement of the thio-ester-containing domain (TED) exposes hidden surfaces that mediate the interaction with complement factor B to assemble the C3-convertase of the alternative pathway (AP). In addition, the displacement of the TED and its interaction with the macroglobulin 1 (MG1) domain generates an extended surface in C3b where the complement regulators factor H (FH), decay accelerating factor (DAF), membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and complement receptor 1 (CR1) can bind, mediating accelerated decay of the AP C3-convertase and proteolytic inactivation of C3b. In the last few years, evidence has accumulated revealing that the structure of C3b in solution is significantly more flexible than anticipated. We review our current knowledge on C3b structural flexibility to propose a general model where the TED can display a collection of conformations around the MG ring, as well as a few specialized positions where the TED is held in one of several fixed locations. Importantly, this conformational heterogeneity in C3b impacts complement regulation by affecting the interaction with regulators.
Correlation between disability and MRI findings in lumbar spinal stenosis (2011)

Background and purpose MRI is the modality of choice when diagnosing spinal stenosis but it also shows that stenosis is prevalent in asymptomatic subjects over 60. The relationship between preoperative health-related quality of life, functional status, leg and back pain, and the objectively measured dural sac area in single and multilevel stenosis is unknown. We assessed this relationship in a prospective study. Patients and methods The cohort included 109 consecutive patients with central spinal stenosis operated on with decompressive laminectomy or laminotomy. Preoperatively, all patients completed the questionnaires for EQ-5D, SF-36, Oswestry disability index (ODI), estimated walking distance and leg and back pain (VAS). The cross-sectional area of the dural sac was measured at relevant disc levels in mm2, and spondylolisthesis was measured in mm. For comparison, the area of the most narrow level, the number of levels with dural sac area < 70 mm2, and spondylolisthesis were studied. Results Before surgery, patients with central spinal stenosis had low HRLQoL and functional status, and high pain levels. Patients with multilevel stenosis had better general health (p = 0.04) and less leg and back pain despite having smaller dural sac area than patients with single-level stenosis. There was a poor correlation between walking distance, ODI, the SF-36, EQ-5D, and leg and back pain levels on the one hand and dural sac area on the other. Women more often had multilevel spinal stenosis (p = 0.05) and spondylolisthesis (p < 0.001). Spondylolisthetic patients more often had small dural sac area (p = 0.04) and multilevel stenosis (p = 0.06). Interpretation Our findings indicate that HRQoL, function, and pain measured preoperatively correlate with morphological changes on MRI to a limited extent.
Low protease activity in B cell follicles promotes retention of intact antigens after immunization (2023)

The structural integrity of vaccine antigens is critical to the generation of protective antibody responses, but the impact of protease activity on vaccination in vivo is poorly understood. We characterized protease activity in lymph nodes and found that antigens were rapidly degraded in the subcapsular sinus, paracortex, and interfollicular regions, whereas low protease activity and antigen degradation rates were detected in the vicinity of follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). Correlated with these findings, immunization regimens designed to target antigen to FDCs led to germinal centers dominantly targeting intact antigen, whereas traditional immunizations led to much weaker responses that equally targeted the intact immunogen and antigen breakdown products. Thus, spatially compartmentalized antigen proteolysis affects humoral immunity and can be exploited.
Identification of FGFR4 as a Potential Therapeutic Target for Advanced-Stage, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (2013)

FGFR4 is a prognostic marker for advanced-stage, high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma. Silencing FGFR4 and inhibiting ligand-receptor binding significantly decrease ovarian tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that targeting ovarian cancer cells with high levels of FGFR4 protein expression is a new therapeutic modality for this disease and will improve survival of it.
Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy-Linked Mutant Troponin T Causes Stress-Induced Ventricular Tachycardia and Ca <sup>2+</sup> -Dependent Action Potential Remodeling (2003)

The cardiac troponin T (TnT) I79N mutation has been linked to familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and high incidence of sudden death, despite causing little or no cardiac hypertrophy in patients. Transgenic mice expressing mutant human TnT (I79N-Tg) have increased cardiac contractility, but no ventricular hypertrophy or fibrosis. Enhanced cardiac function has been associated with myofilament Ca2+ sensitization, suggesting altered cellular Ca2+ handling. In the present study, we compare cellular Ca2+ transients and electrophysiological parameters of 64 I79N-Tg and 106 control mice in isolated myocytes, isolated perfused hearts, and whole animals. Ventricular action potentials (APs) measured in isolated I79N-Tg hearts and myocytes were significantly shortened only at 70% repolarization. No significant differences were found either in L-type Ca2+ or transient outward K+ currents, but inward rectifier K+ current (IK1) was significantly decreased. More critically, Ca2+ transients of field-stimulated ventricular I79N-Tg myocytes were reduced and had slow decay kinetics, consistent with increased Ca2+ sensitivity of I79N mutant fibers. AP differences were abolished when myocytes were dialyzed with Ca2+ buffers or after the Na+-Ca2+ exchanger was blocked by Li+. At higher pacing rates or in presence of isoproterenol, diastolic Ca2+ became significantly elevated in I79N-Tg compared with control myocytes. Ventricular ectopy could be induced by isoproterenol-challenge in isolated I79N-Tg hearts and anesthetized I79N-Tg mice. Freely moving I79N-Tg mice had a higher incidence of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) during mental stress (warm air jets). We conclude that the TnT-I79N mutation causes stress-induced VT even in absence of hypertrophy and/or fibrosis, arising possibly from the combination of AP remodeling related to altered Ca2+ transients and suppression of IK1.