gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dopamine Assisted One-Step Pyrolysis of Glucose for the Preparation of Porous Carbon with A High Surface Area (2018)

Herein, a facile dopamine assisted one-pot synthesis approach is proposed for the preparation of porous carbon with a specific surface area (SSA) up to 2593 m²/g through the direct pyrolysis of a mixture of glucose, NH₄Cl, and dopamine hydrochloride (DAH). The glucose is adopted as the carbon source and foaming agent, NH₄Cl is used as the blowing agent, and DAH is served as collaborative carbon precursor as well as the nitrogen source for the first time. The effect of dopamine on the component, structure, and SSA of the as-prepared porous carbon materials are systematically studied. The moderate addition of dopamine, which influences the condensation and polymerization of glucose, matches better with ammonium salt decomposition. The SSA of porous carbon increases first and then decreases with the increasing amount of dopamine. In our case, the porous carbon produced with 5 wt% dopamine (PC-5) achieves the maximum SSA of up to 2593 m²/g. Accordingly, it also shows the greatest electrochemical performance. The PC-5 shows a capacitance of 96.7 F/g calculated from the discharge curve at 1 A/g. It also has a good capacitive rate capacity, the specific capacitance can still maintain 80%, even at a high current density of 10 A/g. Moreover, PC-5 exhibits a good cycling stability of 98.1% capacitive retention after 1000 cycles. The proposed method may show promising prospects for preparing porous carbon materials as advanced energy storage materials, storage, and catalyst supports.
Determination of <i>Bacteroides melaninogenicus</i> Serogroups by Fluorescent Antibody Staining (1974)

Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled antibody reagents (conjugates) were prepared to one strain of each of the three subspecies of Bacteroides melaninogenicus: B. melaninogenicus subsp. melaninogenicus, B. melaninogenicus subsp. asaccharolyticus, and B. melaninogenicus subsp. intermedius. These three conjugates were specific; thus, they provided a new serological classification of B. melaninogenicus. The three serogroups were designated A, B, and C. Most test strains (98%) isolated from human clinical specimens were assigned to a specific serogroup by immunofluorescence, and the serogroup of these test strains corroborated the biochemical characterization of the three subspecies of B. melaninogenicus. The conjugates failed to cross-react with other anaerobes or aerobes tested. This fluorescent antibody technique provided a more rapid classification of the three subspecies of B. melaninogenicus than did conventional biochemical methods.
Possible Role of Root Border Cells in Detection and Avoidance of Aluminum Toxicity (2001)

Root border cells are living cells that surround root apices of most plant species and are involved in production of root exudates. We tested predictions of the hypothesis that they participate in detection and avoidance of aluminum (Al) toxicity by comparing responses of two snapbean (Phaseolus vulgaris) cultivars (cv Dade and cv Romano) known to differ in Al resistance at the whole-root level. Root border cells of these cultivars were killed by excess Al in agarose gels or in simple salt solutions. Percent viability of Al-sensitive cv Romano border cells exposed in situ for 96 h to 200 microM total Al in an agarose gel was significantly less than that of cv Dade border cells; similarly, relative viability of harvested cv Romano border cells was significantly less than that of cv Dade cells after 24 h in 25 microM total Al in a simple salt solution. These results indicate that Al-resistance mechanisms that operate at the level of whole roots also operate at the cellular level in border cells. Al induced a thicker mucilage layer around detached border cells of both cultivars. Cultivar Dade border cells produced a thicker mucilage layer in response to 25 microM Al compared with that of cv Romano cells after 8 h of treatment and this phenomenon preceded that of observed cultivar differences in relative cell viability. Release of an Al-binding mucilage by border cells could play a role in protecting root tips from Al-induced cellular damage.
Enzymatic modification of soy protein concentrates by fungal and bacterial proteases (1991)

Solubility, foaming capacity and foam stability of denatured soy protein concentrate obtained from toasted flour were improved by proteolysis with fungal or bacterial proteases. Emulsifying capacity was unchanged, but emulsion stability decreased; bacterial protease highly improved oil absorption. Also, the bacterial protease was able to solubilize more protein and gave products which foamed more than those obtained with the fungal enzyme. However, the stabilizing properties of the bacterial modified soy protein concentrate at the air/water or oil/water interface were inferior. By limited hydrolysis up to degree of hydrolysis 10% most functional properties were improved without greatly reducing emulsion stability and water absorption.
Plasma modeling for ultrashort pulse laser ablation of dielectrics (2006)

In ultrashort pulse (&lt;10ps) laser ablation of dielectrics, affected materials are first transformed into absorbing plasma with metallic properties and, then, the subsequent laser-plasma interaction causes material removals. For ultrashort-pulse laser ablation of dielectrics, this study proposes a model using the Fokker-Planck equation for electron density distribution, a plasma model for the optical properties of ionized dielectrics, and quantum treatments for electron heating and relaxation time. The free electron density distribution of the plasma within the pulse duration is then used to determine the ablation crater shape. The predicted threshold fluences and ablation depths for barium aluminum borosilicate and fused silica are in agreement with published experimental data. It is found that the significantly varying optical properties in time and space are the key factors determining the ablation crater shape. The effects of fluence and pulse duration are also studied.
Instructional Factors Analysis: A Cognitive Model For Multiple Instructional Interventions (2018)

In this paper, we proposed a new cognitive modeling approach: Instructional Factors Analysis Model (IFM). It belongs to a class of Knowledge-Component-based cognitive models. More specifically, IFM is targeted for modeling student’s performance when multiple types of instructional interventions are involved and some of them may not generate a direct observation of students’ performance. We compared IFM to two other pre-existing cognitive models: Additive Factor Models (AFMs) and Performance Factor Models (PFMs). The three methods differ mainly on how a student’s previous experience on a Knowledge Component is counted into multiple categories. Among the three models, instructional interventions without immediate direct observations can be easily incorporate into the AFM and IFM models. Therefore, they are further compared on two important tasks—unseen student prediction and unseen step prediction—and to determine whether the extra flexibility afforded by additional parameters leads to better models, or just to over fitting. Our results suggested that, for datasets involving multiple types of learning interventions, dividing student learning opportunities into multiple categories is beneficial in that IFM out-performed both AFM and PFM models on various tasks. However, the relative performance of the IFM models depends on the specific prediction task; so, experimenters facing a novel task should engage in some measure of model selection.
A fast, table-lookup algorithm for classifying document images (2003)

We present a technique to speed up classification of document images such as web pages. The technique involves performing all computation off-line and building the results into tables, so that during actual classification the only operations performed are simple table-lookups. Results show that the probability of misclassification for table-look up gives good performance and the implementation is much faster.
Parametric release for EtO sterilization. (1998)

The use of microwave spectroscopy as a process-control monitor to measure ethylene oxide (EtO) is an exciting breakthrough in EtO sterilization. Technologies employed until now have lacked the specificity or long-term stability to measure EtO, but microwave spectrometers now in EtO facilities have shown consistent and accurate results. This article explains the technology.
DVDT: design for voltage drop test using on-chip voltage scan path (2002)

This paper proposes a new design method for voltage drop testing using on-chip voltage scan path. Using on-chip voltage monitors with a scan path data transfer architecture, this on-chip voltage scan path can measure voltage-drop on a real chip in real time with a limited number of I/O pins. Preliminary results are presented based on measurement results using a test chip, which demonstrates that this technique can effectively monitor voltage bounce in power supply lines. Quality of power supply lines can be effectively enhanced when this technique is applied to a real chip.
Using Light Scattering to Track, Characterize and Manipulate Colloids (2011)

A new technique is developed to analyze in-line Digital Holographic Microscopy images, making it possible to characterize, and track colloidal particles in three dimensions at unprecedented accuracy. We took digital snapshots of the interference pattern between the light scattered by micrometer particles and the unaltered portion of a laser beam that was used to illuminate dilute colloidal dispersions on a light microscope in transmission mode. We numerically fit Mie-theory for the light-scattering by micrometer sized particles to these experimental in-line holograms. The fit values give the position in three dimensions with an accuracy of a few nanometers in the lateral directions and several tens of nanometers in the axial direction. The individual particles radii and refractive indices could be determined to within tens of nanometers and a few hundredths respectively. By using a fast CCD camera, we can track particles with millisecond resolution in time which allows us to study dynamical properties such as the hydrodynamic radius and the sedimentation coefficient. The scattering behavior of the particles that we use to track and characterize colloidal particles makes it possible to exert pico-Newton forces on them close to a diffraction limited focus. When these effects are used to confine colloids in space, this technique is called Optical Tweezers. Both by numerical calculations and by experiments, we explore the possibilities of optical tweezers in soft condensed matter research. Using optical tweezers we placed multiple particles in interesting configurations to measure the interaction forces between them. The interaction forces were Yukawa-like screened charge repulsions. Careful timing of the blinking of time-shared optical tweezers and of the recording of holographic snapshots, we were able to measure interaction forces with femto-Newton accuracy from an analysis of (driven) Brownian motion. Forces exerted by external fields such as electric fields and gravity were measured as well. We induced electric dipoles in colloidal particles by applying radiofrequency electric fields. Dipole induced strings of particles were formed and made permanent by van der Waals attractions or thermal annealing. Such colloidal strings form colloidal analogues of charged and un-charged (bio-) polymers. The diffusion and bending behavior of such strings was probed using DHM and optical tweezers.
High-power operation of index-guided visible GaAs/GaAlAs multiquantum well lasers (1984)

Stable transverse mode operation has been realized for the first time in visible (780 nm) multiquantum well lasers composed of seven 3-nm-thick GaAs wells separated by six 5-nm-thick Ga0.8Al0.2As barriers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A self-aligned structure with a built-in optical waveguide to stabilize the transverse mode is fabricated by a two-step epitaxial technique. Low threshold current (35 mA), high output power (up to 40 mW) in the fundamental transverse mode, and a very low degradation rate at 70 °C have been confirmed.
A 50 MHz phase- and frequency-locked loop (1979)

A monolithic phase/frequency-locked loop has been developed for operation at up to 50 MHz. The loop combines wide capture range and narrow bandwidth, making it ideal for timing recovery in digital transmission systems. The 24-pin device features an electronically-tuned voltage-controlled LC oscillator and includes the input differentiation and full-wave rectification circuitry required for clock recovery from unipolar nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) data.
ULTRATRACE DIOXIN AND DIBENZOFURAN ANALYSIS: 30 YEARS OF ADVANCES (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTULTRATRACE DIOXIN AND DIBENZOFURAN ANALYSIS: 30 YEARS OF ADVANCESRay E. ClementCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 23, 1130APublication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online30 May 2012Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00023a715https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00023a715research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views46Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chemical Genetic Screening Identifies Sulfonamides That Raise Organellar pH and Interfere with Membrane Traffic (2004)

Chemical genetics seeks to identify small molecules that afford functional dissection of cell biological pathways. Previous screens for small molecule inhibitors of exocytic membrane traffic yielded the identification and characterization of several compounds that block traffic from the Golgi to the cell surface as well as transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi network [Feng et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100:6469-6474; Yarrow et al. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2003;6:279-286; Feng et al. EMBO Reports 2004: in press]. Here, we screened these inhibitors for potential effects on endocytic membrane traffic. Two structurally related sulfonamides were found to be potent and reversible inhibitors of transferrin-mediated iron uptake. These inhibitors do not block endoplasmic reticulum-to-Golgi transport, but do disrupt Golgi-to-cell surface traffic. The compounds are members of a novel class of sulfonamides that elevate endosomal and lysosomal pH, down-regulate cell surface receptors, and impair recycling of internalized transferrin receptors to the plasma membrane. In vitro experiments revealed that the sulfonamides directly inhibit adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis by the V-ATPase and that they also possess a potent proton ionophore activity. While maintenance of organellar pH is known to be a critical factor in both endocytosis and exocytosis, the precise role of acidification, beyond the uncoupling of ligands from their receptors, remains largely unknown. Identification of this novel class of sulfonamide inhibitors provides new chemical tools to better understand the function of organelle pH in membrane traffic and the activity of V-ATPases in particular.
Ten‐year follow‐up of Parkinson's disease patients randomized to initial therapy with ropinirole or levodopa (2007)

In a 5-year, double-blind study, subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) who were randomized to initial treatment with ropinirole had a significantly lower incidence of dyskinesia compared with subjects randomized to levodopa, although Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor scores were significantly more improved in the levodopa group. Subjects who completed the original study were eligible to participate in a long-term extension study conducted according to an open, naturalistic design and were evaluated approximately every 6 months until they had been followed for a total of 10 years. Comparing subjects randomized to initial treatment with ropinirole (n = 42) and levodopa (n = 27), the incidence of dyskinesia was significantly lower in the ropinirole group (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 0.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.1, 1.0; P = 0.046) and the median time to dyskinesia was significantly longer (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.4; 95% CI: 0.2, 0.8; P = 0.007). The incidence of at least moderate wearing off ("off" time >/=26% of the awake day) was also significantly lower in the ropinirole group (adjusted OR = 0.3; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.03; P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in change in UPDRS activities of daily living or motor scores, or scores for the 39-item PD questionnaire, Clinical Global Impression, or the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Early treatment decisions for individual patients depend largely on the anticipated risk of side effects and long-term complications. Both ropinirole and levodopa are viable treatment options in early PD.
Aqueous room temperature synthesis of cobalt and zinc sodalite zeolitic imidizolate frameworks (2012)

Sodalite zeolitic imidazolate frameworks containing Co (ZIF-67) and Zn (ZIF-8) were synthesized at room temperature under aqueous conditions in 10 min. A trialkylamine deprotonated the 2-methylimidazole ligand and nucleated the frameworks. Furthermore, the ligand acted as a structure directing agent in place of an organic solvent.
Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells by the Steel Factor/KIT Signaling Pathway (2008)

Understanding the intrinsic pathways that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation and self-renewal responses to external signals offers a rational approach to developing improved strategies for HSC expansion for therapeutic applications. Such studies are also likely to reveal new targets for the treatment of human myeloid malignancies because perturbations of the biological processes that control normal HSC self-renewal divisions are believed to drive the propagation of many of these diseases. Here, we review recent findings that point to the importance of using stringent functional criteria to define HSCs as cells with longterm repopulating activity and evidence that activation of the KIT receptor and many downstream effectors serve as major regulators of changing HSC proliferative and self-renewal behavior during development.
All-optical packet/circuit switching-based data center network for enhanced scalability, latency, and throughput (2013)

Applications running inside data centers are enabled through the cooperation of thousands of servers arranged in racks and interconnected together through the data center network. Current DCN architectures based on electronic devices are neither scalable to face the massive growth of DCs, nor flexible enough to efficiently and cost-effectively support highly dynamic application traffic profiles. The FP7 European Project LIGHTNESS foresees extending the capabilities of today's electrical DCNs through the introduction of optical packet switching and optical circuit switching paradigms, realizing together an advanced and highly scalable DCN architecture for ultra-high-bandwidth and low-latency server-to-server interconnection. This article reviews the current DC and high-performance computing (HPC) outlooks, followed by an analysis of the main requirements for future DCs and HPC platforms. As the key contribution of the article, the LIGHTNESS DCN solution is presented, deeply elaborating on the envisioned DCN data plane technologies, as well as on the unified SDN-enabled control plane architectural solution that will empower OPS and OCS transmission technologies with superior flexibility, manageability, and customizability.
Adaptive scaling of Kubernetes pods (2020)

Scalability is the ability of a resource or an application to be expanded to handle the increasing demands. One of the most emphasized aspects of cloud computing is the ability of scaling up or down. Scaling can be performed by either an operator or automatically. Autoscaling algorithms are getting more and more emphasized in the field of cloud computing. In this paper we propose an adaptive autoscaler, Libra, which automatically detects the optimal resource set for a single pod, then manages the horizontal scaling process. Additionally, if the load or the underlying virtualized environment changes, Libra adapts the resource definition for the pod and adjusts the horizontal scaling process accordingly.
Citrullinated calreticulin potentiates rheumatoid arthritis shared epitope signaling (2012)

Our findings indicate that citrullinated CRT is overabundant in the RA synovium and potentiates SE-activated signaling in vitro. These findings could introduce a new mechanistic model of gene-environment interaction in RA.
Spatial: a language and compiler for application accelerators (2018)

Industry is increasingly turning to reconfigurable architectures like FPGAs and CGRAs for improved performance and energy efficiency. Unfortunately, adoption of these architectures has been limited by their programming models. HDLs lack abstractions for productivity and are difficult to target from higher level languages. HLS tools are more productive, but offer an ad-hoc mix of software and hardware abstractions which make performance optimizations difficult. In this work, we describe a new domain-specific language and compiler called Spatial for higher level descriptions of application accelerators. We describe Spatial's hardware-centric abstractions for both programmer productivity and design performance, and summarize the compiler passes required to support these abstractions, including pipeline scheduling, automatic memory banking, and automated design tuning driven by active machine learning. We demonstrate the language's ability to target FPGAs and CGRAs from common source code. We show that applications written in Spatial are, on average, 42% shorter and achieve a mean speedup of 2.9x over SDAccel HLS when targeting a Xilinx UltraScale+ VU9P FPGA on an Amazon EC2 F1 instance.