gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New class of potent catalysts of O<sub>2</sub>˙<sup>−</sup>dismutation. Mn(<scp>iii</scp>) ortho-methoxyethylpyridyl- and di-ortho-methoxyethylimidazolylporphyrins (2004)

Three new Mn(III) porphyrin catalysts of O2.-dismutation (superoxide dismutase mimics), bearing ether oxygen atoms within their side chains, were synthesized and characterized: Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N-(2-methoxyethyl)pyridinium-2-yl]porphyrin (MnTMOE-2-PyP(5+)), Mn(III)5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N-methyl-N'-(2-methoxyethyl)imidazolium-2-yl]porphyrin (MnTM,MOE-2-ImP(5+)) and Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[N,N'-di(2-methoxyethyl)imidazolium-2-yl]porphyrin (MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+)). Their catalytic rate constants for O2.-dismutation (disproportionation) and the related metal-centered redox potentials vs. NHE are: log k(cat)= 8.04 (E(1/2)=+251 mV) for MnTMOE-2-PyP(5+), log k(cat)= 7.98 (E(1/2)=+356 mV) for MnTM,MOE-2-ImP(5+) and log k(cat)= 7.59 (E(1/2)=+365 mV) for MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+). The new porphyrins were compared to the previously described SOD mimics Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-ethylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTE-2-PyP(5+)), Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-n-butylpyridinium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTnBu-2-PyP(5+)) and Mn(III) 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N,N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl)porphyrin (MnTDE-2-ImP(5+)). MnTMOE-2-PyP(5+) has side chains of the same length and the same E(1/2), as MnTnBu-2-PyP(5+)(k(cat)= 7.25, E(1/2)=+ 254 mV), yet it is 6-fold more potent a catalyst of O2.-dismutation , presumably due to the presence of the ether oxygen. The log k(cat)vs. E(1/2) relationship for all Mn porphyrin-based SOD mimics thus far studied is discussed. None of the new compounds were toxic to Escherichia coli in the concentration range studied (up to 30 microM), and protected SOD-deficient E. coli in a concentration-dependent manner. At 3 microM levels, the MnTDMOE-2-ImP(5+), bearing an oxygen atom within each of the eight side chains, was the most effective and offered much higher protection than MnTE-2-PyP(5+), while MnTDE-2-ImP(5+) was of very low efficacy.
Multidimensional Vibration Suppression Method with Piezoelectric Control for Wind Tunnel Models (2019)

In wind tunnel tests, the low-frequency and large-amplitude vibration of the cantilever sting result in poor test data in pitch plane and yaw plane, more seriously, even threatens the safety of wind tunnel tests. To ensure the test data quality, a multidimensional vibration suppression method is proposed to withstand the vibration from any direction, which is based on a system with stackable piezoelectric actuators and velocity feedback employing accelerometers. Firstly, the motion equation of the cantilever sting system is obtained by Hamilton's principle with the assumed mode method. Then, the multidimensional active control mechanism is qualitatively analyzed and a negative velocity feedback control algorithm combined with a root mean square (RMS) evaluation method is introduced to realize active mass and active damping effect, meanwhile, a weight modification method is performed to determine the sequence number of the stacked piezoelectric actuators and the weight of control voltages in real time. Finally, a multidimensional vibration suppression system was established and verification experiments were carried out in lab and a transonic wind tunnel. The results of lab experiments indicate that the damping ratio of the system is improved more than 4.3 times and the spectrum analyses show reductions of more than 23 dB. In addition, wind tunnel test results have shown that for the working conditions (α = -4~10° with γ = 0° or α = -4~10° with γ = 45°) respectively at 0.6 Ma and 0.7 Ma, the remainder vibration is less than 1.53 g, which proves that the multidimensional vibration suppression method has the ability to resist vibration from any direction to ensure the smooth process of wind tunnel tests.
Dual-Layer Rewritable Phase-Change Recording Media for HD DVD System (2004)

We have investigated the recording characteristics of the dual-layer phase-change recording media for a system that uses the blue-violet laser (wavelength of 405 nm), with the numerical aperture of 0.65 and light incidence on 0.6-mm-thick substrate having the land and groove format (HD DVD). In order to achieve higher storage density for its beam spot size, a number of technologies have been incorporated into the media, such as the bismuth-substituted pseudobinary GeSbTe alloy recording film and hafnium oxide-based interface layer material. The feasibility of the user capacity of 36 GB has been successfully demonstrated.
Cytokine modulation of glial glutamate uptake (1996)

Cytokines are released in the central nervous system following brain injury and disease. Several of those conditions are thought to involve the accumulation of extracellular glutamate at excitotoxic concentrations, and may involve compromised glial glutamate uptake. Using primary cultures of postnatal rat hippocampus, we studied the effect of three cytokines on astrocytic high-affinity glutamate uptake. After 24 hours incubation with either tumor necrosis factors alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) or interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), astrocytic glutamate uptake was markedly attenuated in a dose-dependent manner. Cytokine effects were reversed by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) using N omega-nitro-L-arginine (LNA), NG-monomethyl-L-arginine acetate (L-NMMA) or N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME). Moreover, application of the NO donors 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) and s-nitroso-n-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) mimicked cytokine inhibition of glutamate uptake. These data suggest that cytokine release can inhibit astrocytic glutamate uptake through a pathway that involves the liberation of nitric oxide. Astrocytic glutamate uptake may thus be compromised under conditions that are known to cause cytokine release such as nervous system injury, inflammation and ischemia.
Distribution agnostic structured sparsity recovery algorithms (2013)

We present an algorithm and its variants for sparse signal recovery from a small number of its measurements in a distribution agnostic manner. The proposed algorithm finds Bayesian estimate of a sparse signal to be recovered and at the same time is indifferent to the actual distribution of its non-zero elements. Termed Support Agnostic Bayesian Matching Pursuit (SABMP), the algorithm also has the capability of refining the estimates of signal and required parameters in the absence of the exact parameter values. The inherent feature of the algorithm of being agnostic to the distribution of the data grants it the flexibility to adapt itself to several related problems. Specifically, we present two important extensions to this algorithm. One extension handles the problem of recovering sparse signals having block structures while the other handles multiple measurement vectors to jointly estimate the related unknown signals. We conduct extensive experiments to show that SABMP and its variants have superior performance to most of the state-of-the-art algorithms and that too at low-computational expense.
Synthesis of Oligodeoxyribonucleotide Analogues by Use of Deoxyribonucleoside-3′-yl O-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-Propyl) Phosphites as New Key Intermediates (1992)

Abstract The deoxyribonucleoside-3′-yl O-bis(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl) phosphite units (3) could be converted into the O-nucleosidyl phosphonate, O-2-cyanoethyl O-nucleosidyl phosphonate, and O-1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propyl O-nucleosidyl phosphonothioate. Compound 3a was activated by methylimidazole to give the dithymidylate derivatives (8). The appropriately protected nucleosidyl phosphonates (3) were applied to the synthesis of oligodeoxyribonucleotides used as antisense oligonucleotides.
Mercury speciation using microcolumns with a direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Development of analytical method for the Savannah River Site liquid system (2020)

Mercury in the Savannah River Site (SRS) Liquid Waste System (LWS) exists in various forms, including: a) ionic inorganic mercury, organomercury (e.g., methyl Hg), and other less abundant species dissolved in LWS fluids, b) mercury solids such as oxides, hydroxides, amalgams, sulfides, and sorbed mercury, c) accumulations of dense liquid elemental mercury, and d) vapor phase elemental and organomercury mercury in tank headspace gas and in evaporators. Strategic and proactive management of the estimated 60,000 Kg mercury in the LWS requires deployment of efficient and effective paradigms for sampling and analysis of the total quantity of mercury in the various physical-chemical forms. Scoping tests of selective gas-phase sorbents for mercury speciation were performed to support LWS objectives. This research specifically focused on developing and testing streamlined methods to obtain high-quality analytical results for gaseous mercury species. The proposed methods are straightforward, using small columns (microcolumns) filled with materials that selectively sorb one or more target forms of mercury. Simple differentiation of mercury species and quantification is then achieved using an efficient thermal-desorption-based total mercury analyzer as the final step. Benefits associated with transitioning from multistep procedures such as EPA Methods 245.1, 1630 and 1631to streamlined microcolumn approaches include reduced analysis time, labor, and waste generation. Such transitioning would maximize the value of the current deployment of direct mercury analysis (EPA Method 7473) at SRS. This work has two target end uses: 1) simplifying the analysis steps and reducing costs for liquid samples (e.g., developing a total organic mercury (TOM) method), and 2) providing options for high-quality onsite analysis and rapid turnaround for gas samples in support of SRS LWS industrial hygiene (IH) objectives.
A VLSI Architecture of a Binary Updown Counter (1987)

A pipeline binary updown counter with many bits is developed which can be used in a variety of applications. One such application includes the design of a digital correlator for very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). The advantage of the presently conceived approach over the previous techniques is that the number of logic operations involved in the design of the binary updown counter can be reduced substantially. The architecture design using these methods is regular, simple, expandable and, therefore, naturally suitable for VLSI implementation.
Expanding the Versatility of Phage Display II: Improved Affinity Selection of Folded Domains on Protein VII and IX of the Filamentous Phage (2011)

Display through pVII and/or pIX represent platforms with characteristics that differ from those of the pIII platform. We have explored this to increase the performance and expand the use of phage display. In the paper, we describe effective affinity selection of folded domains displayed on pVII or pIX. This makes both platforms more attractive alternatives to conventional pIII and pVIII display than they were before.
Chairside prefabricated fiber-reinforced resin composite fixed partial dentures. (2001)

The introduction of pre-impregnated fiber-reinforced resin composites has provided the dental profession with the opportunity to fabricate and deliver adhesive, esthetic, and metal-free tooth replacements. Utilizing this technology, a prefabricated fiber-reinforced resin composite fixed partial denture prototype that allows rapid, cost-effective, and noninvasive fixed tooth replacement for single anterior teeth has been developed. Ideal situations for this type of service include: a fixed replacement following tooth loss from trauma; a fixed tooth replacement in medically compromised patients who cannot sit for extended periods of time or have local anesthesia; periodontally compromised abutments; a fixed space maintainer following orthodontic movement; and a fixed provisional during the post implant healing phase prior to loading. This article describes the framework construction and placement protocol for the prefabricated fiber-reinforced resin composite fixed partial denture.
A Soluble Photosensitive Polyimide (1989)

Abstract : We have been studying an intrinsically photosensitive polymide derived from cyclobutane dianhydride and oxydianiline which exhibits both good thermal stability (50% weight loss at 460 C) and high deep ultraviolet sensitivity (45mJ/cm2)1. However, the insolubility of cured polyimide films complicates the detailed mechanistic investigation of the photochemical process. We have therefore prepared a soluble homolog of this system which is derived from the photodimer of methyl maleic anhydride (dimethyl cyclobutane dianhydride). This material may also be imaged with deep ultraviolet radiation and exhibits good thermal stability. A discussion of the photochemical behavior of this soluble system will be presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Conductivity of Solid Electrolytes Based on Lithium Titanium Phosphate. (1990)

Abstract It is demonstrated that partial substitution of Ti(IV) and P(V) in LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 by M(III) (M(III): Al, Cr, Ga, Fe, Sc, In, Lu, Y, La) and Si(IV), resp., results in an increase of the electrical conductivity and a decreased porosity of the solid electrolytes.
Novel compounds for the synthesis of cefdinir (2007)

Abstract magnified image Preparation of two new compounds 2‐mercapto‐5‐methyl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolyl‐(Z)‐2‐(2‐amino‐4‐thiazolyl)‐2‐trityloxyiminoacetate ( 14 ) and 2‐mercapto‐5‐methyl‐1, 3,4‐thiadiazolyl‐ (Z)‐2‐(2‐amino‐4‐thiazolyl)‐2‐acetyloxyiminoacetate ( 12 ) and their use in the preparation of 7β‐[(Z)‐2‐(2‐amino‐4‐thiazolyl)‐2‐hydroxyiminoacetamido]‐3‐vinylcephem‐4‐carboxylic acid, also known by the generic name Cefdinir ( 1 ) has been accomplished in a single step by coupling with 7‐amino‐3‐vinylcephem‐4‐carboxylic acid ( 7 ) with purity of greater than 99% by HPLC.
A Technique for Skew Detection of Printed Arabic Documents (2013)

Document skew correction is one of the core preprocessing steps in document analysis systems. In this paper, the author proposes a new multi-step skew detection technique for printed Arabic documents. The technique exploits the unique property of the writing line of Arabic script and is based on connected component analysis and projection profiles. The proposed technique works for different types of Arabic documents having text and non-text zones with unrestricted layout. Moreover due to the multi-step approach, it can detect skews with the resolution of ± 0.05 degrees. Experiments conducted on different Arabic documents shows the effectiveness of the technique.
Deposition of field emissions cathodes over large areas (1997)

Field emission cathodes (FECs) with characteristics of cold emission, low voltage operation, high current density and microscopic size meet the requirements for an electron source for use in vacuum microelectronics. Deposition efforts have focused on evaporation techniques, as electron beam, to produce the size and shape of cathode required for efficient operation. After two decades of development, the convention for FEC synthesis involves coating with very high tolerances for thickness uniformity using a planetary substrate fixture and a long source-to-substrate distance. A further reduction in the operating voltage results by increasing the density of emitters through a reduction of cathode size and spacing. In addition, the objective of scaling the substrate size from small to large areas has compounded the manufacturing requirements to a point beyond that which is obtainable through modifications to the conventional FEC deposition process. We have been successful in a new alternative approach to design, assemble and operate a system that enables FEC synthesis over large areas through the control of deposition source divergence and step-and-repeat substrate handling.
Continuous-wave ultrasonic modulation of scattered laser light to image objects in turbid media (1995)

Continuous-wave ultrasonic modulation of scattered laser light has been used to image objects in tissue-simulating turbid media for what is to our knowledge the first time. The ultrasound wave focused into the turbid media modulates the laser light passing through the ultrasonic focal zone. The modulated laser light collected by a photomultiplier tube reflects the local mechanical and optical properties in the focal zone. Buried objects are located with millimeter resolution by scanning and detecting alterations of the modulated optical signal. This technique has the potential to provide a noninvasive, nonionizing, inexpensive diagnostic tool for diseases such as breast cancer.
Rapid Point of Care Analyzer for the Measurement of Cyanide in Blood (2011)

A simple, sensitive optical analyzer for the rapid determination of cyanide in blood in point of care applications is described. HCN is liberated by the addition of 20% H(3)PO(4) and is absorbed by a paper filter impregnated with borate-buffered (pH 9.0) hydroxoaquocobinamide (hereinafter called cobinamide). Cobinamide on the filter changes color from orange (λ(max) = 510 nm) to violet (λ(max) = 583 nm) upon reaction with cyanide. This color change is monitored in the transmission mode by a light emitting diode (LED) with a 583 nm emission maximum and a photodiode detector. The observed rate of color change increases 10 times when the cobinamide solution for filter impregnation is prepared in borate-buffer rather than in water. The use of a second LED emitting at 653 nm and alternate pulsing of the LEDs improves the limit of detection by 4 times to ~0.5 μM for a 1 mL blood sample. Blood cyanide levels of imminent concern (≥10 μM) can be accurately measured in ~2 min. The response is proportional to the mass of cyanide in the sample: smaller sample volumes can be successfully used with proportionate change in the concentration LODs. Bubbling air through the blood-acid mixture was found effective for mixing of the acid with the sample and the liberation of HCN. A small amount of ethanol added to the top of the blood was found to be the most effective means to prevent frothing during aeration. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for repetitive determination of blood samples containing 9 μM CN was 1.09% (n = 5). The technique was compared blind with a standard microdiffusion-spectrophotometric method used for the determination of cyanide in rabbit blood. The results showed good correlation (slope 1.05, r(2) 0.9257); independent calibration standards were used.
Distributed measurement of Brillouin dynamic grating spectrum localized by an intensity- modulated correlation-domain technique (2020)

Higher spatial resolution of the reflection spectrum measurement of Brillouin dynamic grating (BDG) was achieved by controlling phonon power distribution. We experimentally demonstrate the improvement effect of the light-source intensity-modulation method, proposed recently in a correlation-domain technique, and successfully detected an 8-cm cooled section in a 100-m-long polarization-maintaining fiber. Our method can improve the spatial resolution of BDG measurements, leading to high resolution discriminative and distributed fiber sensing of temperature and strain.
Solving range constraints for binary floating-point instructions (2004)

We present algorithms that solve the following problem: given three ranges of floating-point numbers R/sub x/, R/sub y/, R/sub z/, a floating-point operation (op), and a rounding-mode (round), generate three floating-point numbers x~, y~, z~ such that x~/spl isin/R/sub x/, y~/spl isin/R/sub y/, z~/spl isin/R/sub z/ and z~=round(x~ op y~). This problem, although quite simple when dealing with intervals of real numbers, is much more complex when considering ranges of machine numbers. We provide full solutions for add and subtract, and partial solutions for multiply and divide. We use range constraints on the input operands and on the result operand of floating-point instructions to target corner cases when generating test cases for use in verification of floating-point hardware. The algorithms have been implemented in a floating-point test-generator and are currently being used to verify floating-point units of several processors.
ETHANOL PRESERVATION OF FIRE ANTS ALLOWS RETROSPECTIVE SCREENING FOR SOLENOPSIS INVICTA VIRUS-1 (2007)

Solenopsis invicta virus-1 (SINV-1) is a positive-strand RNA virus assigned to the Dicistroviridae (Mayo 2002) that appears to infect ants only in the Solenopsis genus (Valles et al. 2007). SINV1 infection has been associated with brood death among colonies of Solenopsis invicta, but whether it is the causative agent of mortality is not known (Valles et al. 2004). Thus, it is hoped that SINV-1 may be able to be exploited for use as a microbial control agent, or as a mode of delivering genes or inhibitors to study functional genomics in this ant pest. Because the virus was only recently discovered and it is the only currently known virus to infect S. invicta, basic knowledge about its biology is lacking. Epidemiologic and phylogenetic studies would certainly benefit if the virus could be examined in archived samples. To address this question, we archived SINV-1-positive S. invicta worker ants in 95% ethanol and tested the ants for the presence of SINV-1 on an irregular basis over a 2-year period. In addition, we examined 2propanoland ethanol-archived S. invicta samples from 1999 and 2001, respectively, for the presence of SINV-1. In February 2005, 2 groups of approximately 300 worker ants from a colony of S. invicta previously determined to be SINV-1-positive (collected from Gainesville, FL) were placed into a 7-ml scintillation vial containing 5 ml of 95% ethanol and stored at room temperature. On an irregular basis over the next 2 years, RNA was extracted from a group of 20 workers from each vial. RNA was extracted by the Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) method as described previously (Valles & Strong 2005). cDNA was synthesized and subsequently amplified by the One-Step RT-PCR kit (Invitrogen) with oligonucleotide primers p114 (5' CTTGATCGGGCAGGACAAATTC) and p116 (5' GAACGCTGATAACCAATGAGCC). Samples were considered positive for virus when a visible amplicon of anticipated size (646 nt) was present after separation on 1.2% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide. Positive and negative controls were included for each time point. RT-PCR was conducted in a PTC 100 thermal cycler (MJ Reearch, Waltham, MA) under the following optimized temperature regime: 1 cycle at 45'C for 30 min, 1 cycle at 94oC for 2 min, 35 cycles of 94?C for 15 s, 54?C for 15 s, 68'C for 30 s, followed by a final elongation step of 680C for 5 min. Additional alcohol-archived S. invicta ant samples from previous surveys of Florida were examined for the presence of SINV-1 by RT-PCR. Samples from 2001 were archived in 95% ethanol, and those from 1999 were archived in 70% 2-propanol. Table 1 summarizes the results of ethanol
3D-TCO-less-dye-sensitized solar cells consisting of hybrid and tandem structures (2009)

Efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells (DSC) [1] has reached 11%. In order to increase the efficiency, we propose 3D DSCs (Figures 1) consisting of dye-double layer structures and hybrid Ti electrodes to cover wide ranges of wavelengths and collect electrons effectively.
Extremely high-frequency (24 GHz) InGaAsP diode lasers with excellent modulation efficiency (1990)

1.3 μm InGaAsP lasers with 3 dB bandwidths of 24 GHz and intrinsic resonance frequencies in excess of 22 GHz have been successfully fabricated. This is the highest bandwidth ever reported for a semiconductor laser, and the highest resonant frequency for InGaAsP lasers. Excellent modulation efficiencies are observed to high frequencies.
Development of a Miniaturized Differential Photoacoustic Gas Sensor (2015)

Photoacoustic spectroscopy is one of the most sensitive techniques used to monitor chemical emission or to detect gas traces. However the sensors bulkiness, cost and complexity prevent their use in applications where mass deployment is required. In this paper, the development and characterization of centimeter sized photoacoustic sensors is presented. With a 2.2 mW optical power interband cascade laser at 3.36 μm wavelength, a limit of detection of 320 ppbv is obtained for methane.