gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
“Heterogeneity within Order” in Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are constructed by linking inorganic units with organic linkers to make extended networks. Though more than 20 000 MOF structures have been reported most of these are ordered and largely composed of a limited number of different kinds building units, and very few have multiple different building units (heterogeneous). Although heterogeneity and multiplicity is a fundamental characteristic of biological systems, very few synthetic materials incorporate heterogeneity without losing crystalline order. Thus, the question arises: how do we introduce heterogeneity into MOFs without losing their ordered structure? This Review outlines strategies for varying the building units within both the backbone of the MOF and its pores to produce the heterogeneity that is sought after. The impact this heterogeneity imparts on the properties of a MOF is highlighted. We also provide an update on the MOF industry as part of this themed issue for the 150th anniversary of BASF.
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Communications on Multipacket Reception Channels: Theory and Applications to IEEE 802.11 Wireless Networks (2013)

Multipacket reception (MPR) refers to physical layers where receivers can decode multiple simultaneously transmitted packets. In this paper we investigate the resulting performance of conjoining carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) communications with MPR. We report on its maximum achievable stable throughput with decentralized control and show there can be throughput gain over slotted ALOHA (S-ALOHA), the non-channel-sensing protocol of choice. However, this gain diminishes as the physical layer's MPR strength increases, thereby diminishing the need for channel sensing. Nonetheless, for systems evolving from a single-user (SU) to a multiple-user (MU) channel, CSMA can furnish significantly more efficient utilization of MPR capacity than S-ALOHA. This is meaningful in practice because the emerging generation of the widely deployed IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLAN) - 802.11ac - is adapting MPR and will operate in said region. In that regard, we also discuss the effective usage of a channel's resources for MPR and highlight the advantages multiuser-MIMO (MU-MIMO), an MPR technique, can offer to WLANs. Using early design specifications of 802.11ac, we show that the existing SU-oriented 802.11 MAC parameters can under-utilize the MPR capacity offered by a MU-oriented physical layer.
Dialog trajectory analysis (2004)

Spoken dialog systems are becoming increasingly common in deployed services. These systems are not perfect, and are often deployed "open-loop" - lacking in systematic procedures for diagnosing problems and for making improvements. In order to target improvements where they will have the biggest impact, two things are needed: first, methods and tools for detailed analysis of a data feed of call logs and customer audio; second, an interactive tool for presenting an intuitive view of the results to those responsible for the application. We discuss the paradigm and an implementation through which we are able to close the loop between system execution and system evolution by providing an empirical dialog trajectory analysis represented via a stochastic finite state machine. Novel graph analysis algorithms are introduced for change detection, compression and pruning for display, based on user-interface objectives.
Efficient Traffic Prediction Algorithm of Mutimedia Traffic for Scheduling the Wireless Network Resources (2007)

Real-time variable bit rate (VBR) video traffic generated from multimedia applications, such as MPEG-coded video, is expected to be large portions of the traffic in future wired/wireless networks. The nature of VBR traffic and its quality of service (QoS) constraints increase a number of challenges on network resource managements and operational utilizations. Thus, accurate traffic prediction based dynamic resource allocation and scheduling can significantly improve network performance substantially while satisfying QoS requirements. In this paper, we propose a novel prediction algorithm of MPEG-coded real-time VBR video traffic for IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs (WLANs). Based on statistical property of traffic stream, our algorithm performs a prediction of the next frame size for i-, p-, and b-frames. Simulation study using real- world MPEG-4 coded video traces shows that the proposed algorithm achieves much better performance than ANFIS LMS, and NN methods. In addition, the applicability of our prediction algorithm to IEEE 802.11e WLAN is discussed.
A novel process for manufacture of methanol (1990)

A bench-scale reactor is being used to conduct studies of the conversion of synthesis gas to methanol by a novel process. During the last quarter, the effect of potassium methoxide and Cu-chromite loading on the MeOH formation rate was investigated. The rate obtained with Cu-chromite was compared to that using Cu-ZnO as catalyst. Work also continued on the modification of the experimental equipment to permit on-line monitoring of liquid and gas compositions.
Airfoil: A Topology Aware Distributed Load Balancing Service (2015)

Load balancing is one of the most basic services needed by cloud applications. While today's clouds and load balancers provide highly customizable load distribution policies, they are forced out of necessity to ignore the impact of load balancing on the network. However, such network agnostic behavior can lead to inefficient utilization of cloud resources and poor performance, especially for upcoming network centric applications such as network function virtualization (NFV). But can network topology, a cloud property that is hidden from tenants, be made to effectively influence load balancing, a function that is intimately tied to per-tenant application structure that is largely invisible to the cloud? We answer that question in this paper by presenting Airfoil, a novel topology-aware distributed load balancer as a service (LBaaS) that takes network topology into consideration while providing cloud tenants with application-specific load balancing policies. By finding the best communication pattern with linear programming, the most efficient load balancing strategy is calculated without using any heuristics or approximations. We evaluate Airfoil over a range of scenarios from classical web applications to NFV pipelines, and show that it can decrease the network utilization of the most highly loaded network links by over 50%. For network constrained applications, such reductions imply a doubling of application capacity without any additional infrastructure.
Intracellular reduction/activation of a disulfide switch in thiosemicarbazone iron chelators (2014)

Iron scavengers (chelators) offer therapeutic opportunities in anticancer drug design by targeting the increased demand for iron in cancer cells as compared to normal cells. Prochelation approaches are expected to avoid systemic iron depletion as chelators are liberated under specific intracellular conditions. In the strategy described herein, a disulfide linkage is employed as a redox-directed switch within the binding unit of an antiproliferative thiosemicarbazone prochelator, which is activated for iron coordination following reduction to the thiolate chelator. In glutathione redox buffer, this reduction event occurs at physiological concentrations and half-cell potentials. Consistent with concurrent reduction and activation, higher intracellular thiol concentrations increase cell susceptibility to prochelator toxicity in cultured cancer cells. The reduction of the disulfide switch and intracellular iron chelation are confirmed in cell-based assays using calcein as a fluorescent probe for paramagnetic ions. The resulting low-spin Fe(III) complex is identified in intact Jurkat cells by EPR spectroscopy measurements, which also document a decreased concentration of active ribonucleotide reductase following exposure to the prochelator. Cell viability and fluorescence-based assays show that the iron complex presents low cytotoxicity and does not participate in intracellular redox chemistry, indicating that this antiproliferative chelation strategy does not rely on the generation of reactive oxygen species.
Relation between groove shape and signal quality in magneto-optical disk. (1986)

The relation between groove profile and signal quality was investigated theoretically and experimentally in an magneto-optical (M-O) disk. First, static characteristics of M-O disks were measured by micro M-O effect measureing apparatus. Kerr rotation angle (θk), reflectivity (R0) and coercive force in grooves 0.65 to 0.91 μm wide and 15 to 87nm deep were similar to those of the plane surface except for the reduction of R0 by the diffraction effect of the groove.Secondly, carrier-to-noise ratio was examined by the M-O disk drive, and was compared with theoretical values. The decrease of groove depth and increase of width gave good signal quality. As a result, a high quality M-O signal of more than 60dB was attained in an M-O disk which had a 15nm depth and 0.8 μm width groove and a quadrilayer structure medium which consisted of AIN. GdTbFe and Al.
Polarization-induced Strain-coupled TMD FETs (PS FETs) for Non-Volatile Memory Applications (2020)

Among several non-volatile memories (NVMs), ferroelectric (FE) based memories show distinct advantages due to electric field ( E )-driven low-power write [1] - [2] . However, there are other concerns in FE based NVMs (such destructive read in FERAMs [3] , gate leakage in FEFETs with floating inter-layer metal (ILM) [5] and traps and depolarization fields in FEFETs without ILM [4] ). To overcome such issues while retaining the useful features of FE, we propose a Polarization-induced Strain coupled TMD FET (PS FET) [ Fig. 1(a) ] that features (a) polarization-based non-volatile bit-storage (b) E-driven write and (c) coupling of piezoelectricity with dynamic bandgap (EG) tuning of 2D Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (TMDs) for read [ Fig. 1(b) ].
Effect of Dynamic Pressure on Direct Shear Stress Sensor Design (2010)

A microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-based capacitive floating element shear stress sensor, developed for time-resolved turbulence measurement, is studied for its response to unsteady pressure forcing. The floating element structure incorporates interdigitated comb fingers forming differential capacitors, which provide electrical output proportional to the floating element deflection. An equivalent circuit model is provided under simultaneous pressure and shear loading. A design strategy to mitigate pressure sensitivity while enhancing shear stress sensitivity is provided. The significance of the design methodology is experimentally illustrated via comparison of combined shear and pressure response of the sensor with its pressure response. Results indicate a significant effect of pressure on combined sensor response despite 64 dB of pressure rejection.
A new generation of compact solar simulators (2012)

Compact solar simulators possess unique advantages of small size, illumination geometry ideal for module active-side-down orientation (but which can be inverted), long constant-amplitude pulse duration, and ease of factory line integration. A new generation of these compact instruments has been developed which exceeds IEC 60904-9 Class AAA specifications for irradiance spectrum, spatial uniformity, and temporal stability by factors of two or more. A totally new approach to the internal optical design based on Monte Carlo ray trace modeling has resulted in improved optical efficiency without thermal problems, power limitations, or reduced lamp life. This new generation of compact simulators can produce constant amplitude optical pulses of 130 ms or more which have been shown necessary for accurate testing of some newer design modules - insufficient pulse duration can lead to severe underestimate of P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> and subsequent loss of revenue for the module manufacturer.
Ergoline congeners as potential inhibitors of prolactin release. 3. Derivatives of 3-phenylpiperidine (1977)

In a continuation of our attempts to elucidate the prolactin release inhibiting pharmacophore within the ergoline structure, we have prepared several derivatives of 3-phenylpiperidine. These congeners have been evaluated for inhibition of prolactin release in vivo and are for the most part inactive.
Elastic strain of freely suspended single-wall carbon nanotube ropes (1999)

We have induced large elastic strains in ropes of single-wall carbon nanotubes, using an atomic force microscope in lateral force mode. Freely suspended ropes were observed to deform as elastic strings with tension proportional to elongation. Ropes were elastically deformed over &gt;10 cycles without showing signs of plastic deformation. The maximum strain observed, 5.8±0.9%, gives a lower bound of 45±7 GPa for the tensile strength (specifically, yield stress) of single-wall nanotube ropes.
Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystals in display applications (2003)

Holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (HPDLC) gratings have been employed in various display applications. Two prototypes that have been developed are switchable lenses in wearable displays and electronic filter wheels in video projectors. Acrylate-based HPDLCs have been utilized for the most part. These have many desirable properties, including fast switching speeds, but have contributed to stability problems, including long-term diffraction notch blue shift (shrinkage) and voltage creep due to post-polymerization effects. Thiol-ene based HPDLCs have been investigated and show potential for overcoming these shortcomings. We present a comparison of acrylate and thiol-ene HPDLCs and discuss the implications for long-term stability in display applications.
Integer Alternative for the Region-Adaptive Hierarchical Transform (2019)

A recently-introduced coder based on region-adaptive hierarchical transform (RAHT) is being considered as a standard for the compression of point cloud attributes at moving picture experts group. The RAHT coefficients can be encoded in many ways and the transform is based on a series of orthogonal 2 × 2 transform matrices with geometry-dependent floating-point entries. In order to remove computation ambiguity and facilitate deployment, fixed-point operations are often preferred. In this letter, we present an alternative RAHT description that allows for fixed-point implementation of its transform steps. It is based on matrix decompositions akin to lifting steps and a scaling of the quantization steps. Results are presented to show that the new fixed-point transform is, in practical terms, equivalent to the floating-point RAHT. For that we use a reasonable number of precision bits for the integer operations, e.g. 8 b or more.
On the development of novel reactor concepts for chemical looping combustion (2009)

The paper describes the development of a novel reactor concept for natural gas fueled chemical looping combustion (CLC). The reactor is best described as a rotating bed reactor in which a doughnut shaped fixed bed containing an oxygen carrier material is rotated between different sectors where air and methane are fed. The gases are fed radially outwards through the fixed bed. Between the air and methane sectors are sectors where an inert gas is fed to avoid uncontrolled mixing of air and methane. The rationale for the choice of reactor is discussed and a CuO/Al2O3 based oxygen carrier has been selected for the initial reactor evaluation. A major challenge with the proposed reactor setup is to avoid mixing between the air and methane side caused by the unavoidable insufficient sealing between the moving parts. Initial testing show that mixing is only partly avoided, and a degree of separation corresponding to around 80% is observed at ambient temperature for the first reactor prototype. Further work will be to improve the design in order to reduce gas mixing further and to demonstrate real CLC operation utilizing the reactor.
Novel Ent-Kaurene Glycosides with Eight Glycosyl Units from <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> (2018)

Several steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana are associated with extremely potent sweetness and are sought-after as low-calorie alternatives to sucrose. With the exception of a few nine sugar glycosides, steviol glycosides described in the scientific literatures contain less than a total of seven glycosyl units. We present here two new steviol glycosides, rebaudioside VIIIa (1) and VIIIb (2) containing eight sugar units isolated from S. rebaudiana Bertoni. The complete structure elucidation of these ent -kaurene diterpene glycosides with eight sugar units was completed using 1D- and 2D-NMR spectroscopy experiments ( 1 H, 13 C, 1 H- 1 H COSY, 1 H- 13 C HSQC-DEPT, 1 H- 13 C HMBC, 1D TOCSY, and 1 H- 1 H ROESY) and mass spectral data. Both compounds have four glycosyl units each attached to the C-13 and C-19 positions of aglycone core but vary in the glycosylation pattern and number of glucose and rhamnose units. This report therefore expands the catalog of highly glycosylated components from S. rebaudiana.
Vertical NPN bipolar junction transistors fabricated in silicon-on-sapphire (1991)

Previous attempts at fabricating vertical bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) on Silicon-on-Sapphire (SOS) have produced transistors with low Early voltages, high leakage currents and low current gain. These problems were attributed high density of microtwin and stacking fault defects at the surface of the silicon which caused enhanced diffusion of the emitter dopant across the base to the collector resulting in emitter-collector diffusion pipes. By utilizing the Double Solid Phase Epitaxy (DSPE) process and limiting the furnace anneals for the base, emitter and collector dopants the effect of emitter-collector shorts on device performance can be reduced. Vertical NPN bipolar junction transistors were fabricated on DSPE improved SOS using conventional furnace anneals. Transistors with an effective emitter area of 40 square microns were measured for current gain beta(DC) and Early voltage (VA). Functional devices with beta(DC) values of up to 70, VA values of 40 volts and fT values of 2.4 Gigahertz were recorded. (Author)
Design of Aromatic Inhibitors of Influenza Virus Neuraminidase (1997)

Structure-based drug design, a terminology used to describe rational drug design by complementing the structure, spatially and chemically, of the target macromolecule, is rapidly developing as one of the innovative approaches to drug discovery. A growing volume of protein structure data and new techniques of protein structure determination make this all possible. The method of structure-based drug design and a specific example of the design of influenza virus neuraminidase is briefly presented. A whole new class of influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors has been designed that can potentially be developed as antiinfluenza drugs.
CW Operation of InGaN MQW Laser Diodes (2000)

The performance characteristic of continuous-wave (cw) InGaN multiple-quantum-well (MQW) laser diodes with optimized design parameters is reported. Room temperature, cw operation of InGaN MQW laser diodes was demonstrated with threshold current densities as low as 7 kA/cm2 and emission wavelength near 400 nm. For 2 μm × 300 μm ridge waveguide nitride laser with reflection-coated mirrors cw threshold currents of 60 mA have been obtained. CW operation was observed up to temperatures of 60 °C. The transverse and lateral optical modes of nitride lasers, toward optimization of the layer structure and ridge waveguide parameters have been analyzed. Incorporation of a thick, superlattice n-cladding layer led to a considerable improvement in the transverse beam quality. Thermal modeling indicated the importance of lowering the diode voltage and efficient heat dissipation; and specifically, the benefit of thinning the sapphire substrate for achieving room temperature cw operation.
Positioning Data-Rate Trade-off in mm-Wave Small Cells and Service\n Differentiation for 5G Networks (2018)

We analyze a millimeter wave network, deployed along the streets of a city,\nin terms of positioning and downlink data-rate performance, respectively.\nFirst, we present a transmission scheme where the base stations provide jointly\npositioning and data-communication functionalities. Accordingly, we study the\ntrade-off between the localization and the data rate performance based on\ntheoretical bounds. Then, we obtain an upper bound on the probability of beam\nmisalignment based on the derived localization error bound. Finally, we\nprescribe the network operator a scheme to select the beamwidth and the power\nsplitting factor between the localization and communication functions to\naddress different quality of service requirements, while limiting cellular\noutage.\n
Blending of external applications with advanced telephony services in the IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) (2007)

Advanced feature servers are at the core of enterprise IP telephony, offering traditional services, such as call hold, voicemail and find-me-follow-me. These feature servers have begun to be deployed as IMS Application Servers to support both in-house (premises based) or hosted service (IP Centrex) offerings. At the same time, there exist applications that are external to IMS that can provide a richer communications experience, when integrated. The application layer in IMS allows these external applications to be blended with the advanced telephony features. An example of this is the use of Microsoft Office Communicator for call control. Several current implementations integrate this feature through a back-end proprietary interface to specific feature servers. We present an architecture for generalizing this integration with a CSTA/IMS gateway that can interact with any IMS feature server.
Recurable Durable-Press Fabrics (1974)

Hydroxy acids were used as coreactant catalysts with N-methylol crosslinking reagents to produce recurable durable-press cotton fabrics. The resilience and strength retention properties of these fabrics were equivalent to or slightly better than those of durable-press fabrics cured with a conventional curing catalyst. All fabrics tested with gluconic acid had low carboxyl contents, whereas fabrics treated with glycolic, lactic, and tartaric acids had carboxyl contents that varied with the methylol reagent. The recurabilities of these fabrics were measured by a creasing and crease durability test. Fabrics cured with a conventional catalyst and the fabrics cured with gluconic acid had very little or no recurability. Fabrics treated with dimethyloldihyroxyethyleneurea and the other hydroxy acids had excellent recurabilities. Fabrics treated with a urea-formaldehyde regent had poor recurabilities, and those treated with a methylol melamine reagent had good to fair recurabilities.
Switchable Polymerization Triggered by Fast and Quantitative Insertion of Carbon Monoxide into Cobalt–Oxygen Bonds (2020)

A strategy that uses carbon monoxide (CO) as a molecular trigger to switch the polymerization mechanism of a cobalt Salen complex [salen=(R,R)-N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine] from ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of epoxides/anhydrides to organometallic mediated controlled radical polymerization (OMRP) of acrylates is described. The key phenomenon is a rapid and quantitative insertion of CO into the Co-O bond, allowing for in situ transformation of the ROCOP active species (Salen)Co<sup>III</sup> -OR into the OMRP photoinitiator (Salen)Co<sup>III</sup> -CO<sub>2</sub> R. The proposed mechanism, which involves CO coordination to (Salen)Co<sup>III</sup> -OR and subsequent intramolecular rearrangement via migratory insertion has been rationalized by DFT calculations. Regulated by both CO and visible light, on-demand sequence control can be achieved for the one-pot synthesis of polyester-b-polyacrylate diblock copolymers (Đ<1.15).