gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalized Viterbi algorithms for error detection with convolutional codes (2003)

Presented are two generalized Viterbi algorithms (GVAs) for the decoding of convolutional codes. They are respectively, a parallel algorithm that simultaneously identifies the L best estimates of the transmitted sequence, and a serial algorithm that identifies the lth best estimate using the knowledge about the previously found l-1 estimates. These algorithms are applied to combined speech and channel coding systems, concatenated codes, trellis-coded modulation, partial response (continuous-phase modulation), and hybrid ARQ (automatic repeat request) schemes. As an example, for a concatenated code more than 2 dB is gained by the use of the GVA with L=3 over the Viterbi algorithm for block error rates less than 10/sup -2/. The channel is a Rayleigh fading channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fiber optic system for measuring mechanical motion or vibration of a body (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert D. Couch, Bruce N. Lenderking; Fiber optic system for measuring mechanical motion or vibration of a body. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 June 1984; 75 (6): 1932. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.390944 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
PD-L1 targeted engineered toxin body provides direct cytotoxicity and T-cell mediated tumor targeting. (2020)

12 Background: Engineered toxin bodies (ETBs) comprised of a proprietarily engineered Shiga-like Toxin A subunit (SLT-A) genetically fused to antibody-like binding domains work through novel mechanisms of action and can force internalization, self-route through intracellular compartments to the cytosol, and induce potent cell-kill via the enzymatic and permanent inactivation of ribosomes. Our PD-L1 targeted ETB includes antigen seeding technology (AST), and additionally delivers a viral antigen for presentation in complex with MHC-I to resident viral-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). The fusion protein provides a powerful, dual mechanism of action to specifically target and destroy PD-L1+ tumor and inhibitory immune cells. Methods: In vitro activity of ETBs was measured by cell viability and kinetic imaging of labeled target cells in an effector T-cell co-culture assay. Repeat dosing in non-human primates (NHPs) and murine models harboring human PD-L1+ patient derived tumors were used to evaluate tolerability and efficacy. Results: ETBs targeting PD-L1 have potent direct and specific activity across human tumor cell lines and human donor derived monocytes expressing PD-L1 in vitro. In co-culture assays, AST capable ETBs had a deeper response when target cells express both PD-L1 and the appropriate MHC-I allele in the presence of antigen specific CTLs. In vivo, PD-L1 targeted ETBs induced tumor growth delay, regression and survival benefit in multiple PD-L1+ NSCLC PDX models. These ETBs were also tolerated in repeat dosing NHP studies. Conclusions: The potent targeted activity of ETB mediated tumor cell destruction is demonstrated across tumor cell lines from multiple indications, on PD-L1+ immune cells ex-vivo, and by tumor growth and survival benefits in PDX models in vivo. The AST capable, PD-L1 targeted ETBs provide dual novel mechanisms to deplete PD-L1+ cells and control malignancies. Both the SLT-A mediated direct cell kill and activation of viral-specific CTLs circumvents a need for high mutational burden or anti-tumor immune-cell infiltrate at the tumor site, providing a potential treatment option for patients whose disease has progressed after checkpoint therapy.
Strain engineered extremely thin SOI (ETSOI) for high-performance CMOS (2012)

High-performance strain-engineered ETSOI devices are reported. Three methods to boost the performance, namely contact strain, strained SOI (SSDOI) for NFET, and SiGe-on-insulator (SGOI) for PFET are examined. Significant performance boost is demonstrated with competitive drive currents of 1.65mA/µm and 1.25mA/µm, and I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</inf> of 0.95mA/µm and 0.70mA/µm at I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</inf> =100nA/µm and V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> of 1V, for NFET and PFET, respectively.
Glutamyl hydrolase: properties and pharmacologic impact. (1999)

Glutamyl hydrolase cleaves the poly-gamma-glutamate chain folate and antifolate poly-gamma-glutamates. Its cellular location is lysosomal with large amounts of the enzyme constitutively secreted. The highest levels of glutamyl hydrolase mRNA in humans is found in the liver and kidney. Baculovirus-expressed human enzyme has been used to evaluate the method of hydrolysis of methotrexate-gamma-glu4 and MTA-gamma-glu4. In both cases, the substrates are hydrolyzed by removal of the outer two gamma-glutamate linkages, yielding glu and gamma-glu2 as the glutamate products. Cell lines resistant to 5,10-dideazatetrahydrofolate (lometrexol) have sevenfold higher activities of glutamyl hydrolase. These cultures have a 60% to 90% reduced amount of antifolate polygamma-glutamates and 30% reduced folyl poly-gamma-glutamates. These results suggest the possibility of using glutamyl hydrolase to favorably modulate the activity of antifolate therapy.
Maximum a Posteriori Based (MAP-Based) Video Denoising VIA Rate Distortion Optimization (2007)

In this paper, a maximum a posteriori based (MAP-based) video denoising algorithm is proposed. According to the Bayes rule, the MAP estimate is determined by two terms: noise conditional density model and priori conditional density model. Based on the assumptions that the noise satisfies Gaussian distribution and the priori model is measured by the bit rate, the MAP estimate can be expressed as a rate distortion optimization problem. In order to find a suitable Lagrangian parameter, we re-write the problem as a constraint minimization problem by setting the rate as an objective function and the distortion as a constraint. In this way, we find that the Lagrangian parameter is determined by the distortion constraint. Fixing the distortion constraint, we can get the optimal Lagrangian parameter, which leads to the optimal denoising result. Some experiments are conducted to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Improvement of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells With Nanofiber-Based Anode (2011)

Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) has great advantages over conventional silicon-based photovoltaics as it is inexpensive, flexible, and transparent. Sun energy is used to excite the electron of the organic (ruthenium-polypyridine) dye from which the electron from the dye is injected into the anode made of titanium dioxide (TiO2). The excited electron enters the conduction band of the TiO2 and gets transmitted across the TiO2 nanoparticles (anode) to the FTO (Fluorine-doped tin-oxide) glass/electrode, which in turn go to the external circuit powering the electrical load. The electron returns to the device via the counter electrode coated with a platinum catalyst to the electrolyte, typically iodide/tri-iodide, wherein the iodide ions carry the electron back to regenerate the dye attached to the TiO2 nanofibers. Improvement can be made by using 60–120 nm diameter TiO2 nanofibers produced in our lab, for which electrons can be directly transferred to the FTO reducing the recombination rate. Also, the large surface-to-volume ratio of the nanofibers allows numerous sites for attachment of the organic dye molecules, thereby increasing the capture of sunlight. In order to achieve high conversion efficiency, several critical parameters need to be optimized with the nanofiber-based DSSC. In this study, we investigate the thickness of the anode (TiO2 nanofiber) on the conversion efficiency. The conversion efficiency of the DSSC in our laboratory can reach more than 7%. Other improvements are believed to further boost this efficiency.
Fibrecement recycling as raw material for Portland clinker production (2012)

This paper aims to examine the use of fibre cement waste as an alternative raw material for clinker kilns with enumeration of the possible limitations. The ultimate aim is to find a nobler use for fibrecement waste and to develop a more sustainable production of Portland clinker by saving natural resources and with a potential effect of reduction of CO2 emissions. Numerical simulations are carried out to maximize the use of fibrecement waste in clinker kilns, taking into account the chemical variation of the waste, its behaviour within a clinker kiln, the impact on energy consumption and finally the influence on the carbon footprint calculated from the decarbonation and the fuels used. Furthermore, experimental clinkers are produced and analysed according to the above described concept and corresponding with waste dosages that are esteemed as realistic. The use of fibre cement waste as an alternative raw material was found to be possible, without compromising the physical, chemical or mineralogical properties of the clinker.
Ultra-long range surface plasmon structures for plasmonic devices (2007)

Our computations show that adding a thin, low-index dielectric adjacent to a thin metal layer dramatically increases the surface plasmon propagation length. This geometry allows the integration of plasmonic waveguides with metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structures.
Properties of α-Sialon Ceramics (1986)

α-Sialon ceramics in the system of Si3N4-AlN-Y2O3 were fabricated by pressureless sintering. The solid solubility range, microstructure and mechanical properties such as fracture strength, hardness, fracture toughness were measured. In the Y-α-Sialon ceramics, there existed a composition range containing a small amount of additive named “partially stabilized α-Sialon” in which α-Sialon and β-Si3N4 coexist. α-Sialon ceramics with excellent mechanical properties can be obtained in this composition range by controlling composition and microtexture.
An Empirical Study on Computing Consensus Translations from Multiple Machine Translation Systems (2007)

This paper presents an empirical study on how different selections of input translation systems affect translation quality in system combination. We give empirical evidence that the systems to be combined should be of similar quality and need to be almost uncorrelated in order to be beneficial for system combination. Experimental results are presented for composite translations computed from large numbers of different research systems as well as a set of translation systems derived from one of the bestranked machine translation engines in the 2006 NIST machine translation evaluation. 1
Dynamic Compression Bone Clamp for Transverse Fractures (2000)

A bone clamp with the following important features is described: it provides a dynamic compression force to transversely fractured bone ends before they are fixed with internal hardware; it is designed to reduce transverse bone fractures; and it holds the bone with sharp, opposing points like a towel clip.
High Performance Hydrogen Fuel Cells with Ultralow Pt Loading Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Catalysts (2007)

Fuel cell membrane electrode assemblies with Pt loading of 0.2 mg Pt/cm2 at the anode and ultralow Pt loadings of 6 μg Pt/cm2 and 12 μg Pt/cm2 at the cathode have been fabricated using thin films of multiwalled carbon nanotube supported Pt catalysts (Pt/MWNTs) at the cathode. The Pt/MWNTs have a Pt weight loading of 26.8 wt % and a uniform and small Pt particle size of 2.1 nm. The MWNTs used are 360 μm long. This thin film cathode catalyst layer with a loading of 6 μg Pt/cm2 is about 1.3 μm thick, contains no ionomer, and exhibits surprisingly high performance in a hydrogen proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The peak power density for a membrane electrode assembly with a cathode loading of 12 μg Pt/cm2 when tested at 70 °C with hydrogen and oxygen is 613 mW/cm2. A mass activity (ampere per milligram of Pt) based on the cathode Pt loading greater than 250 A/mg Pt is achieved with 6 μg Pt/cm2, and this is among the highest reported to date.
Porous Platinum Nanotubes for Oxygen Reduction and Methanol Oxidation Reactions (2010)

Abstract Porous platinum nanotubes (PtNTs) with a all thickness of 5 nm, an outer diameter of 60 nm, and a length of 5–20 μm are synthesized by galvanic displacement with silver nanowires, which are formed by the ethylene glycol reduction of silver nitrate. Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and durability experiments are conducted for PtNTs, Pt nanoparticles supported on carbon (Pt/C), and bulk polycrystalline Pt (BP‐Pt) electrocatalysts to evaluate their catalytic properties for use as cathode catalysts in proton exchange membrane fuel cells. PtNTs demonstrate improved mass and specific activity for ORR and durability to Pt/C. Following durability testing, PtNTs exhibit specific ORR activity approaching that of BP‐Pt. Catalyst activity for the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is characterized through cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques to evaluate the materials for use as anode catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells. The PtNTs show improved specific activity for MOR and chronoamperometry characteristics over Pt/C and BP‐Pt catalysts.
Whole-genome association study for fatty acid composition of oleic acid in Japanese Black cattle (2010)

Fatty acid composition, especially oleic acid (C18:1), plays an important role in the eating quality of meat in Japanese Black cattle. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify loci associated with C18:1 in the intramuscular fat of the trapezius muscles in Japanese Black cattle using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay. We also evaluated the relationship between C18:1 and three fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid synthase (FASN), stearoyl-CoA desaturase and sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1. In this experiment, we applied a mixed model and Genomic Control approach using selective genotyping to perform a genome-wide association study. A total of 160 animals (80 animals with higher values and 80 animals with lower values), selected from 3356 animals based on corrected phenotype, were genotyped using the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip and three fatty acid synthesis genes, and the quality of these SNPs was assessed. In this study, a total of 38 955 SNPs, which included SNPs in the three fatty acid synthesis genes, were used, and the estimated inflation factor was 1.06. In the studied population, a total of 32 SNPs, including the FASN gene, had significant effects, and in particular 30 SNPs of all significant SNPs were located between 49 and 55 Mbp on chromosome 19. This study is one of the first genome-wide association studies for fatty acid composition in a cattle population using the recently released Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip.
Synthesis and Characterization of Liquid‐Crystalline Polymers with Cholesteric Phase (1978)

The first series of polymeric liquid crystals with a cholesteric phase has been prepared by copolymerization of the methacrylic esters (1) and (2). Pure poly-(1) forms a nematic phase; the cholesteric structure is induced by the chiral species (2).—Pure poly-(2) is not liquid crystalline.
Resonance Assignment of Proteins with High Shift Degeneracy Based on 5D Spectral Information Encoded in G<sup>2</sup>FT NMR Experiments (2005)

A suite of novel (5,3)D G2FT triple resonance NMR experiments encoding highly resolved 5D spectral information is presented for sequential resonance assignment of proteins exhibiting high chemical shift degeneracy. Efficient resonance assignment is achieved by separate joint sampling of (i) chemical shifts which solely serve to provide increased resolution and (ii) shifts which also provide sequential connectivities. In these G2FT experiments, two G-matrix transformations are employed. Peaks are resolved along a first GFT dimension at both Omega(15N) + Omega(13C') and Omega(15N) - Omega(13C'), or at Omega(15N) + Omega(13Calpha) and Omega(15N) - Omega(13Calpha), to break backbone 15N,1HN chemical shift degeneracy. Sequential connectivities are established along a second GFT dimension by measuring intraresidue and sequential correlations at 2Omega(13Calpha), Omega(13Calpha + 13Cbeta), and Omega(13Calpha - 13Cbeta), or at Omega(13Calpha + 1Halpha) and Omega(13Calpha - 1Halpha), to resolve 13Calpha/beta,1Halpha chemical shift degeneracy. It is demonstrated that longitudinal proton relaxation optimization of out-and-back implementations suitable for deuterated proteins and nonlinear data sampling combined with maximum entropy reconstruction further accelerate G2FT NMR data acquisition speed. As a result, the spectral information can be obtained within hours, so that (5,3)D G2FT experiments are viable options for high-throughput structure determination in structural genomics. Applications are presented for 17 kDa alpha-helical protein YqbG and 13.5 kDa protein rps24e, targets of the Northeast Structural Genomics consortium, as well as for 9 kDa protein Z-domain. The high resolving power of the G2FT NMR experiments makes them attractive choices to study alpha-helical globular/membrane or (partially) unfolded proteins, thus promising to pave the way for NMR-based structural genomics of membrane proteins.
New avalanche multiplication phenomenon in quantum well superlattices: Evidence of impact ionization across the band-edge discontinuity (1986)

In suitably designed superlattice structures hot carriers in the barrier layers can collide with carriers confined or dynamically stored in the wells and impact ionize them out, across the band-edge discontinuity. Photomultiplication and spectral response measurements as a function of temperature and chopping frequency in Al0.48 In0.52 As/Ga0.47 In0.53As and AlSb/GaSb superlattices provide strong evidence of this effect. The observed phenomenon is characterized by a large ratio of the multiplication factors for holes and electrons implying that β≫α and can be the basis for a new class of very low noise avalanche photodiodes and solid-state photomultipliers.
Novel Indenoisoquinolines NSC 725776 and NSC 724998 Produce Persistent Topoisomerase I Cleavage Complexes and Overcome Multidrug Resistance (2007)

Camptothecin (CPT) derivatives are effective anticancer drugs, especially against solid tumors. As CPTs are chemically unstable and have clinical limitations, we have synthesized indenoisoquinolines as novel topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitors. We presently report two indenoisoquinoline derivatives, NSC 725776 and NSC 724998, which have been selected for therapeutic development. Both are potent Top1 inhibitors and induce Top1 cleavage at unique genomic positions compared with CPT. Consistent with Top1 poisoning, protein-linked DNA breaks were detected in cells treated with NSC 725776 and NSC 724998 at nanomolar concentrations. Those drug-induced protein-linked DNA breaks persisted longer after drug removal than those produced by CPT. Studies in human cells in culture show that NSC 725776 and NSC 724998 exert antiproliferative activity at submicromolar concentrations. Furthermore, NSC 725776 and NSC 724998 show cross-resistance in cells deficient or silenced for Top1, which is consistent with their selective Top1 targeting. Similar to other known Top1 inhibitors, NSC 725776-treated and NSC 724998-treated cells show an arrest of cell cycle progression in both S and G(2)-M and a dependence on functional p53 for their cytotoxicity. Dose-dependent gamma-H2AX foci formation was readily observed in cells treated with NSC 725776 and NSC 724998. These gamma-H2AX foci were detectable at pharmacologically relevant doses for up to 24 h and thus could be used as biomarkers for clinical trials (phase 0).
Spontaneous oscillations of capillary blood flow in artificial microvascular networks (2012)

Previous computational studies have suggested that the capillary blood flow oscillations frequently observed in vivo can originate spontaneously from the non-linear rheological properties of blood, without any regulatory input. Testing this hypothesis definitively in experiments involving real microvasculature has been difficult because in vivo the blood flow in capillaries is always actively controlled by the host. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis experimentally and to investigate the relative contribution of different blood cells to the capillary blood flow dynamics under static boundary conditions and in complete isolation from the active regulatory mechanisms mediated by the blood vessels in vivo. To accomplish this objective, we passed whole blood and re-constituted blood samples (purified red blood cells suspended in buffer or in autologous plasma) through an artificial microvascular network (AMVN) comprising completely inert, microfabricated vessels with the architecture inspired by the real microvasculature. We found that the flow of blood in capillaries of the AMVN indeed oscillates with characteristic frequencies in the range of 0-0.6 Hz, which is in a very good agreement with previous computational studies and in vivo observations. We also found that the traffic of leukocytes through the network (typically neglected in computational modeling) plays an important role in generating the oscillations. This study represents the key piece of experimental evidence in support of the hypothesis that spontaneous, self-sustained oscillations of capillary blood flow can be generated solely by the non-linear rheological properties of blood flowing through microvascular networks, and provides an insight into the mechanism of this fundamentally important microcirculatory phenomenon.
Highly reliable mode-locked semiconductor lasers and their applications (2002)

Monolithic and external-cavity mode-locked semiconductor lasers are highly stabilized by means of electrical or optical signal injection incorporating a compact device-module packaging. Potential applications of these MLLDs are described for high-bit-rate optical communication systems at over 40 Gbps rate, and for ultrahigh-speed optical measurement systems.
Metal induced continuous grain polycrystalline silicon thin film transistors (2008)

Metal induced polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films composing of continuous zonal domain (CZD) have been obtained through pre-defined crystalline nucleation lines. The impact of glass substrate shrinking on subsequent alignment process is determined. The crystallization process is precisely controllable and the annealing time can be shorter than one hour. P-channel thin film transistors (TFTs) built on CZD poly-Si have high performance and high uniformity. In this paper, we also demonstrate the application of CZD TFT to fast addressing active matrix field sequential color (FSC) LCD. A prototype display panel has been fabricated. This panel also has a large aperture ratio. Excellent color purity and fast moving image can be obtained.