gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection of age-related macular degeneration via deep learning (2016)

Age-related macular generation (AMD) - when left untreated - is the main cause of blindness for individuals over the age of 50. With the US population now counting over 100 million individuals over 50, it is imperative to develop methods that can effectively determine which individuals with an earlier, often asymptomatic stage, are at risk of developing the advanced stage that can cause severe vision loss. This paper studies the appropriateness of the transfer of image features computed from pre-trained deep neural networks to the problem in AMD detection. Tests using over 5600 images from the NIH AREDS dataset (the largest dataset used thus far for AMD image analysis studies) show good preliminary results (between nearly 92% and 95% accuracy).
Concomitant loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 expression in small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (2015)

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type is an aggressive tumor generally affecting young women with limited treatment options. Mutations in SMARCA4, a catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, have recently been identified in nearly all small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type cases and represent a signature molecular feature for this disease. Additional biological dependencies associated with small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type have not been identified. SMARCA2, another catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex mutually exclusive with SMARCA4, is thought to be post-translationally silenced in various cancer types. We analyzed 10 archival small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type cases for SMARCA2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and found that SMARCA2 expression was lost in all but one case. None of the 50 other tumors that primarily or secondarily involved the ovary demonstrated concomitant loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4. Deep sequencing revealed that this loss of SMARCA2 expression is not the result of mutational inactivation. In addition, we established a small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type patient-derived xenograft and confirmed the loss of SMARCA2 in this in vitro model. This patient-derived xenograft model, established from a recurrent tumor, also had unexpected mutational features for this disease, including functional mutations in TP53 and POLE. Taken together, our data suggest that concomitant loss of SMARCA2 and SMARCA4 is another hallmark of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type-a finding that offers new opportunities for therapeutic interventions.
Cinematic camera emulation using two-dimensional color transforms (2015)

For cinematic and episodic productions, on-set look management is an important component of the creative process, and involves iterative adjustments of the set, actors, lighting and camera configuration. Instead of using the professional motion capture device to establish a particular look, the use of a smaller form factor DSLR is considered for this purpose due to its increased agility. Because the spectral response characteristics will be different between the two camera systems, a camera emulation transform is needed to approximate the behavior of the destination camera. Recently, twodimensional transforms have been shown to provide high-accuracy conversion of raw camera signals to a defined colorimetric state. In this study, the same formalism is used for camera emulation, whereby a Canon 5D Mark III DSLR is used to approximate the behavior a Red Epic cinematic camera. The spectral response characteristics for both cameras were measured and used to build 2D as well as 3x3 matrix emulation transforms. When tested on multispectral image databases, the 2D emulation transforms outperform their matrix counterparts, particularly for images containing highly chromatic content.
Computer-aided Diagnosis of the Airways (2008)

Although to date, the major impetus for the development of computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) has been the detection of pulmonary nodules, CAD should properly be viewed as a potential tool for assisting radiologic interpretation of the entire gamut of chest diseases, including not just enhanced detection of disease but also characterization and quantification, ideally leading to improved patient management. The use of CAD to improve visualization of the airways using advanced computer techniques, including sophisticated methods for obtaining 3-dimensional segmentation of the central airways and, in particular, the development of virtual bronchoscopy has been recently studied. In this paper, the authors review the development of a specific series of CAD applications enabling automated identification and characterization of chronically inflamed airways. The advantages to the use of computer methodologies to quantify peripheral airway disease include reproducible visualization methods to display the location, severity, and extent of airway dilatation, bronchial wall thickening, and the presence of mucoid impacted airways. Currently, a number of semiquantitative global scoring systems have been proposed to assess disease extent and severity in patients with bronchiectasis. Unfortunately, with the exception of patients with cystic fibrosis, these are rarely if ever employed, largely owing to the considerable inconvenience of measuring individual airway dimensions and computing a global score. It is apparent that for this specific purpose, CAD may be ideally suited. Automated staging allows for more complete assessment of the entire bronchial tree while providing improved standardization and eliminating an otherwise tedious and time-consuming task.
Chemistry in the Kitchen (1991)

This method produces a tasty meat product that is much lower in saturated fat and cholesterol than conventionally cooked meat, and that can be used in sauces, soups, and solid meat products.
Development and evaluation of gallium nitride-based thin films for x-ray dosimetry (2011)

X-ray radiation plays an important role in medical procedures ranging from diagnostics to therapeutics. Due to the harm such ionizing radiation can cause, it has become common practice to closely monitor the dosages received by patients. To this end, precise online dosimeters have been developed with the dual objectives of monitoring radiation in the region of interest and improving therapeutic methods. In this work, we evaluate GaN thin film high electron mobility heterostructures with sub-mm(2) detection areas as x-ray radiation detectors. Devices were tested using 40-300 kV Bremsstrahlung x-ray sources. We find that the photoconductive device response exhibits a large gain, is almost independent of the angle of irradiation, and is constant to within 2% of the signal throughout this medical diagnostic x-ray range, indicating that these sensors do not require recalibration for geometry or energy. Furthermore, the devices show a high sensitivity to x-ray intensity and can measure in the air kerma rate (free-in-air) range of 1 µGy s(-1) to 10 mGy s(-1) with a signal stability of ±1% and a linear total dose response over time. Medical conditions were simulated by measurements of device responses to irradiation through human torso phantoms. Direct x-ray imaging is demonstrated using the index finger and wrist sections of a human phantom. The results presented here indicate that GaN-based thin film devices exhibit a wide range of properties, which make them promising candidates for dosimetry applications. In addition, with potential detection volumes smaller than 10(-6) cm(3), they are well suited for high-resolution x-ray imaging. Moreover, with additional engineering steps, these devices can be adapted to potentially provide both in vivo biosensing and x-ray dosimetry.
Bright High Order Harmonic Generation in a Multiply Ionized Plasma up to the Water Window (2014)

We present a new regime of UV-driven high harmonic generation, where the larger refractive index of ions counterbalances the plasma dispersion. Bright harmonic emission from ions is observed for the first time that extends up to 280eV.
An adaptive DCT coding with edge based classification (2003)

Discrete cosine transform (DCT) coding has been proven to be an efficient means of image compression coding. A lot of effort has been made to improve the coding efficiency of DCT based coding. This paper presents an adaptive DCT coding based on edge information. This scheme is designed to properly exploit the correlation between edge direction and distribution of DCT coefficients. Edges are extracted from the original image first. Then sub-optimal block size and scanning order are determined at each block based on the extracted edges. This way an adaptive DCT scheme taking account of local characteristics of the image can be achieved. It is shown through simulations that the proposed algorithm outperforms a conventional coding scheme in terms of coding efficiency by about 15%.
A Novel Model for the Real-Time Evaluation of Hole-Cleaning Conditions with Case Studies (2023)

The main challenge in deviated and horizontal well drilling is hole cleaning, which involves the removal of drill cuttings and maintaining a clean borehole. Insufficient hole cleaning can lead to issues such as stuck pipe incidents, lost circulation, slow rate of penetration (ROP), difficult tripping operations, poor cementing, and formation damage. Insufficient advancements in real-time drilling evaluation for complex wells can also lead to drilling troubles and an increase in drilling costs. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a model for the hole-cleaning index (HCI) that could be integrated into drilling operations to provide an automated and real-time evaluation of deviated- and horizontal-drilling hole cleaning based on hydraulic and mechanical drilling parameters and drilling fluid rheological properties. This HCI model was validated and tested in the field in 3 wells, as it was applied when drilling 12.25″ intermediate directional sections and an 8.5″ liner directional section. The integration of the HCI in Well-A and Well-B helped achieve much better well drilling performance (50% ROP enhancement) and mitigate potential problems such as pipe sticking due to hole cleaning and the slower rate of penetration. Moreover, the HCI model was also able to identify hole-cleaning efficiency during a stuck pipe issue in Well-C, which highlights its potential usage as a real-time model for optimizing drilling performance and demonstrates its versatility.
Highly selective and efficient heavy metal capture with polysulfide intercalated layered double hydroxides (2014)

Intercalation of polysulfides into LDHs forms layered composites that can separate Hg<sup>2+</sup>, Ag<sup>+</sup> and Cu<sup>2+</sup> from mixed ions with high selectivity and capacity.
Structure-In Vitro Activity Relationships of Pentamidine Analogues and Dication-Substituted Bis-Benzimidazoles as New Antifungal Agents (1998)

Twenty analogues of pentamidine, 7 primary metabolites of pentamidine, and 30 dicationic substituted bis-benzimidazoles were screened for their inhibitory and fungicidal activities against Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. A majority of the compounds had MICs at which 80% of the strains were inhibited (MIC80s) comparable to those of amphotericin B and fluconazole. Unlike fluconazole, many of these compounds were found to have potent fungicidal activity. The most potent compound against C. albicans had an MIC80 of </=0.09 microg/ml, and the most potent compound against C. neoformans had an MIC80 of 0.19 microg/ml. Selected compounds were also found to be active against Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium solani, Candida species other than C. albicans, and fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans and C. neoformans. It is clear from the data presented here that further studies on the structure-activity relationships, mechanisms of action and toxicities, and in vivo efficacies of these compounds are warranted to determine their clinical potential.
Binary Corrosion Inhibitors Offer Improved Corrosion Control (2003)

Abstract An improvement has been made in anti-corrosion chemicals for oilfield use. A binary corrosion inhibitor has been patented and field proven which combines an epoxy resin and an amine curing agent. The proper application of this unique combination of chemicals forms a bond with the oxide film present on downhole metal surfaces. The result is a corrosion inhibitor barrier that is more tenacious than conventional polar filming amines, reducing application frequency and labor costs, and even more importantly, downhole failures. The binary corrosion inhibitor is also an improvement over and is more versatile than other epoxy-amine products.
Abstract LB-204: Highly potent and optimized small-molecule inhibitors of MDM2 achieve complete tumor regression in animal models of solid tumors and leukemia. (2011)

Abstract Activation of p53 by blocking the interaction of MDM2-p53 using non-peptide small-molecule inhibitors is being pursued as a promising new cancer therapeutic strategy. Although genetic activation of p53 has been shown to achieve complete tumor eradication in mice, the best small-molecule inhibitors of the MDM2-p53 interaction reported to date (Nutlins including RG7112 or first generation spiro-oxindoles such as AT219) can only inhibit tumor growth but fail to achieve significant tumor regression in animal models of human cancer. In the present study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that 2 highly optimized spiro-oxindole compounds, Compound A and Compound B, are capable of achieving complete tumor regression or even permanent cure in multiple xenograft models of human cancer (sarcoma, leukemia, prostate) without causing any significant signs of toxicity to animals. They bind to human MDM2 protein with Ki values of &lt;1 nM, 5000-times more potent than the wild-type p53 peptide. These potent MDM2 inhibitors are capable of activating p53 at concentrations as low as 30–100 nM and induce robust p53-dependent cell cycle arrest and apoptosis against tumor cells with wild-type p53. Both compounds display good pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in animals. For instance, clearance is low in mice and moderate in dog representing 4 and 15 % of hepatic blood flow respectively. Importantly, excellent oral bioavailability was shown with 25–60 % F in dogs and 75 % F in mice and both compounds trigger rapid and sustained activation of pharmacodynamic biomarkers such as p53, p21, MDM2 and PUMA. Molecular profiling using large number of primary AML leukemia samples have identified that AML cells with wild-type p53 and FLT3-ITD mutation are exquisitely sensitive to apoptosis induction by our MDM2 inhibitors, suggesting an interesting clinical trial rationale. Toxicology studies are ongoing. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-204. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-204
Fusion of Inertial and Depth Sensor Data for Robust Hand Gesture Recognition (2014)

This paper presents the first attempt at fusing data from inertial and vision depth sensors within the framework of a hidden Markov model for the application of hand gesture recognition. The data fusion approach introduced in this paper is general purpose in the sense that it can be used for recognition of various body movements. It is shown that the fusion of data from the vision depth and inertial sensors act in a complementary manner leading to a more robust recognition outcome compared with the situations when each sensor is used individually on its own. The obtained recognition rates for the single hand gestures in the Microsoft MSR data set indicate that our fusion approach provides improved recognition in real-time and under realistic conditions.
Abstract 1108: SPOP mutation leads to genomic instability in prostate cancer (2015)

Abstract Background: Genomic instability is a fundamental feature of human cancer, and DNA repair defects resulting in impaired genome maintenance promote pathogenesis of many types of cancers. In prostate cancer, structural genomic rearrangements, including translocations and copy number aberrations, are a key mechanism driving tumorigenesis. Recently, whole genome sequencing revealed a striking abundance, complexity, and heterogeneity of genomic rearrangements, potentially suggesting distinct mechanisms of instability in different molecular classes of prostate cancer. However, the somatic alterations underlying these phenomena remain largely undefined. Recurrent mutations in SPOP, the substrate-recognition component of an E3-ubiquitin ligase, represent the most common point mutations in primary prostate cancer, occurring in about 10% of tumors. SPOP mutations define a distinct molecular class of prostate cancer; they are mutually exclusive with TMPRSS2-ERG fusions, but harbor distinct patterns of copy number aberrations. Here, we report that SPOP mutant prostate cancers also harbor increased numbers of genomic rearrangements, and functional data suggest that SPOP mutation alters repair of DNA double strand breaks (DSB). Methods: We systematically investigated somatic alterations associated with genomic rearrangements, using a composite data set of 402 clinically localized prostate cancers. Functional analyses in vitro and in vivo were used to define pathways affected, and interrogate DNA repair phenotypes. Results: In human prostate cancers, SPOP mutation is an early event specifically associated with increased intrachromosomal genomic rearrangements. Using a zebrafish model, SPOP mutation results in a transcriptional response consistent with BRCA1 inactivation, implicating altered repair of DSB. In vitro data suggest that SPOP participates in repair of DSB, and SPOP mutation impairs homology-directed repair (HDR), instead promoting error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ). Finally, SPOP mutation sensitizes prostate cancer cells to DNA damaging therapeutic agents such as PARP inhibitors. Conclusions: These results implicate SPOP as a novel participant in DSB repair, suggest that SPOP mutation drives prostate tumorigenesis in part through genomic instability, and indicate that SPOP mutant prostate cancer may be selectively responsive to DNA damaging therapeutics. Citation Format: Gunther Boysen, Christopher E. Barbieri, Davide Prandi, Sung-Suk Chae, Srilakshmi Nataraj, Mirjam Blattner, Clarisse Marotz, Limei Xu, Paola Lecca, Sagar Chhangawala, Pengbo Zou, Andrea Sboner, Francesca Demichelis, Yariv Houvras, Mark A. Rubin. SPOP mutation leads to genomic instability in prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1108. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1108
Audio Signature Extraction Based on Projections of Spectrograms (2007)

Content-based signatures are designed to be a robust bit-stream representation of the content so as to enable content identification even though the original content may go through various signal processing operations. In this paper, we propose a novel content-based audio signature extraction method that captures temporal evolution of the audio spectrum. The proposed method, first, divides the input audio into overlapping chunks and computes a spectrogram for each chunk. Then, it projects each of the spectrograms onto random basis vectors to create a signature that is a low-dimensional bit-stream representation of the corresponding spectrogram. Our experimental results show the robustness and sensitivity of the proposed content-based audio signature extraction method for various signal processing operations on audio content.
Organometallic compounds of Group III. Part 43. Alkylenation with geminal dialuminoalkane reagents: the synthesis of olefins from ketones (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic compounds of Group III. Part 43. Alkylenation with geminal dialuminoalkane reagents: the synthesis of olefins from ketonesAndrzej M. Piotrowski, Dennis B. Malpass, Marek P. Boleslawski, and John J. EischCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 12, 2829–2835Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00247a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00247a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views952Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improvements in electrostatic discharge performance of InGaAsP semiconductor lasers by facet passivation (1992)

Chemically treating laser facets with aqueous sulfides can significantly improve the electrostatic discharge (ESD) performance of InGaAsP semiconductor lasers. Commercial lasers free of internal defects were subjected to forward-biased Human Body Model ESD stress pulses. Devices passivated with sulfides exhibited a mean ESD failure voltage more than 400% higher than that of the untreated control group. Subsequent accelerated aging experiments suggest that a thick layer of oxide covering the laser facets, largely removed by the sulfide treatment, is responsible for the low ESD failure voltage on untreated devices. This suggests that sulfide passivation followed by facet encapsulation in a robust dielectric could result in permanent protection against ESD failure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppressive effect of secretory phospholipase A2inhibitory peptide on interleukin-1β-induced matrix metalloproteinase production in rheumatoid synovial fibroblasts, and its antiarthritic activity in hTNFtg mice (2009)

Our results demonstrate the benefit that can be gained from using sPLA2 inhibitory peptide for RA treatment, and validate PIP-18 as a potential therapeutic in a clinically relevant animal model of human arthritis.