gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimizing human apyrase to treat arterial thrombosis and limit reperfusion injury without increasing bleeding risk (2014)

In patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing reperfusion therapy to restore blood flow through blocked arteries, simultaneous inhibition of platelet P2Y12 receptors with the current standard of care neither completely prevents recurrent thrombosis nor provides satisfactory protection against reperfusion injury. Additionally, these antiplatelet drugs increase the risk of bleeding. To devise a different strategy, we engineered and optimized the apyrase activity of human nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase-3 (CD39L3) to enhance scavenging of extracellular adenosine diphosphate, a predominant ligand of P2Y12 receptors. The resulting recombinant protein, APT102, exhibited greater than four times higher adenosine diphosphatase activity and a 50 times longer plasma half-life than did native apyrase. Treatment with APT102 before coronary fibrinolysis with intravenous recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator in conscious dogs completely prevented thrombotic reocclusion and significantly decreased infarction size by 81% without increasing bleeding time. In contrast, clopidogrel did not prevent coronary reocclusion and increased bleeding time. In a murine model of myocardial reperfusion injury caused by transient coronary artery occlusion, APT102 also decreased infarct size by 51%, whereas clopidogrel was not effective. These preclinical data suggest that APT102 should be tested for its ability to safely and effectively maximize the benefits of myocardial reperfusion therapy in patients with arterial thrombosis.
Virome Capture Sequencing Enables Sensitive Viral Diagnosis and Comprehensive Virome Analysis (2015)

Insensitivity and technical complexity have impeded the implementation of high-throughput nucleic acid sequencing in differential diagnosis of viral infections in clinical laboratories. Here, we describe the development of a virome capture sequencing platform for vertebrate viruses (VirCapSeq-VERT) that increases the sensitivity of sequence-based virus detection and characterization. The system uses ~2 million probes that cover the genomes of members of the 207 viral taxa known to infect vertebrates, including humans. A biotinylated oligonucleotide library was synthesized on the NimbleGen cleavable array platform and used for solution-based capture of viral nucleic acids present in complex samples containing variable proportions of viral and host nucleic acids. The use of VirCapSeq-VERT resulted in a 100- to 10,000-fold increase in viral reads from blood and tissue homogenates compared to conventional Illumina sequencing using established virus enrichment procedures, including filtration, nuclease treatments, and RiboZero rRNA subtraction. VirCapSeq-VERT had a limit of detection comparable to that of agent-specific real-time PCR in serum, blood, and tissue extracts. Furthermore, the method identified novel viruses whose genomes were approximately 40% different from the known virus genomes used for designing the probe library. The VirCapSeq-VERT platform is ideally suited for analyses of virome composition and dynamics. IMPORTANCE : VirCapSeq-VERT enables detection of viral sequences in complex sample backgrounds, including those found in clinical specimens, such as serum, blood, and tissue. The highly multiplexed nature of the system allows both the simultaneous identification and the comprehensive genetic characterization of all known vertebrate viruses, their genetic variants, and novel viruses. The operational simplicity and efficiency of the VirCapSeq-VERT platform may facilitate transition of high-throughput sequencing to clinical diagnostic as well as research applications.
ChemInform Abstract: ERGOLINE CONGENERS AS POTENTIAL INHIBITORS OF PROLACTIN RELEASE 2 (1976)

Abstract Indol (Ia) wird mit Oxalylchlorid zu (Ib) substituiert und nach Überführung in das Amid (II) zum Amin (IIIa) reduziert.
Characterization of the Gene Encoding a 26-Kilodalton Protein (OMP26) from Nontypeable <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> and Immune Responses to the Recombinant Protein (1999)

A 26-kDa protein (OMP26) isolated and purified from nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) strain 289 has been shown to enhance clearance of infection following pulmonary challenge with NTHI in rats. DNA sequence analysis revealed that it was 99% identical to a gene encoding a cell envelope protein of the H. influenzae Rd strain (TIGR accession no. HI0916). The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a hydrophilic polypeptide rich in basic amino acids. Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis suggested that the OMP26 gene was relatively conserved among isolates of NTHI. Analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of the OMP26 gene from 20 different isolates showed that similarity with NTHI-289 ranged from 96.5% (1 isolate) to 99.5% (14 isolates). Two recombinant forms of OMP26, a full length 28-kDa protein (equivalent to preprotein) and a 26-kDa protein lacking a 23-amino-acid leader peptide (equivalent to processed protein), were assessed in immunization studies for the ability to induce an immune response that would be as effective as the native protein in enhancing the clearance of NTHI following pulmonary challenge in rats. Immunization with the recombinant protein that included the leader peptide was more effective in enhancing pulmonary clearance, and it induced a better cell-mediated response and higher titers of systemic and mucosal antibody. This study has characterized a 26-kDa protein from NTHI that shows significant potential as a vaccine candidate.
Catalyst-free Growth of Single-Crystal Silicon and Germanium Nanowires (2009)

We report metal-free synthesis of high-density single-crystal elementary semiconductor nanowires with tunable electrical conductivities and systematic diameter control with narrow size distributions. Single-crystal silicon and germanium nanowires were synthesized by nucleation on nanocrystalline seeds and subsequent one-dimensional anisotropic growth without using external catalyst. Systematic control of the diameters with tight distribution and tunable doping concentration were realized by adjusting the growth conditions, such as growth temperature and ratio of precursor partial pressures. We also demonstrated both n-type and ambipolar field effect transistors using our undoped and phosphorus-doped metal-free silicon nanowires, respectively. This growth approach offers a method to eliminate potential metal catalyst contamination and thus could serve as an important point for further developing nanowire nanoelectronic devices for applications.
Design of Battery Electrodes with Dual‐Scale Porosity to Minimize Tortuosity and Maximize Performance (2012)

Electrode pore topology can be tuned to improve battery power without sacrificing energy density. One effective design has “dual-scale” porosity, combining aligned channels and a porous matrix. Iterated co-extrusion yields sintered cathodes of this architecture, with channel spacing tunable down to ∼15 μm. Results show that net tortuosity is reduced compared to homogeneous porosity, significantly improving cell-discharge rates. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Stabilization of Epidermal Growth Factor (1992)

Human epidermal growth factor (EGF) was acylated at its three primary amine groups. The acylated derivatives were purified, characterized, and their activities and response to trypsin were compared with unmodified EGF. Modified EGF was shown to retain its biological activity but displayed a higher shelf stability and resistance to tryptic digestion in aqueous solutions as compared with the unmodified growth factor.
Handover Framework for Relay Enhanced LTE Networks (2009)

Relaying is one of the proposed technologies for future releases of UTRAN long term evolution (LTE) networks. Introducing relaying is expected to increase the coverage and capacity of LTE networks. In order to enable relaying, the architecture, protocol and radio resource management procedures of LTE, such as handover, have to be modified. A user can be handed over not only between two base stations, but also between relays and base stations, and between two relays. With the introduction of relaying, there is a need for a new procedure to hand over a relay and all its associated users to another base station, allowing a flexible and dynamic relay deployment. In this paper, we extend the LTE release 8 handover mechanisms so that it can accommodate these new handover functionalities in a flexible manner.
Methodological Development of a Clonogenic Assay to Determine Endothelial Progenitor Cell Potential (2011)

The precise and conceptual insight of circulating endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) kinetics is hampered by the absence of an assay system capable of evaluating the EPC differentiation cascade. An assay system for EPC colony formation was developed to delineate circulating EPC differentiation. EPC colony-forming assay using semisolid medium and single or bulk CD133(+) cells from umbilical cord blood exhibited the formation of two types of attaching cell colonies made of small or large cells featuring endothelial lineage potential and properties, termed small EPC colony-forming units and large EPC colony-forming units, respectively. In vitro and in vivo assays of each EPC colony-forming unit cell revealed a differentiation hierarchy from small EPC to large EPC colonies, indicating a primitive EPC stage with highly proliferative activity and a definitive EPC stage with vasculogenic properties, respectively. Experimental comparison with a conventional EPC culture assay system disclosed EPC colony-forming unit cells differentiate into noncolony-forming early EPC. The fate analysis of single CD133(+) cells into the endothelial and hematopoietic lineage was achieved by combining this assay system with a hematopoietic progenitor assay and demonstrated the development of colony-forming EPC and hematopoietic progenitor cells from a single hematopoietic stem cell. EPC colony-forming assay permits the determination of circulating EPC kinetics from single or bulk cells, based on the evaluation of hierarchical EPC colony formation. This assay further enables a proper exploration of possible links between the origin of EPC and hematopoietic stem cells, representing a novel and powerful tool to investigate the molecular signaling pathways involved in EPC biology.
Free Radical-Mediated Aryl Amination and Its Use in a Convergent [3 + 2] Strategy for Enantioselective Indoline α-Amino Acid Synthesis (2002)

The scope of aryl radical additions to the nitrogen of azomethines is described. Aryl, trifluoromethyl alkyl, and alpha,beta-unsaturated ketimines engage in regioselective aryl-nitrogen bond formation via 5-exo cyclizations of an aryl radical to azomethine nitrogen. Selectivity for carbon-nitrogen over carbon-carbon bond formation is generally high (>95:5) and competes only with direct aryl radical reduction by stannane (0-10%). Alpha-ketoimines are a promising new class of carbon radical acceptors for which no competitive aryl radical reduction is observed. The reaction conditions are pH-neutral and are therefore among the mildest methods available for amination of an aromatic ring. The ketimines examined did not suffer from competitive reduction by stannane, offering an advantage over the use of diazo and azide functional groups as nitrogen sources for carbon radicals. The free radical-mediated aryl amination was sequenced with the O'Donnell phase transfer-catalyzed enantioselective alkylation strategy of glycinyl imine to provide either enantiomer of indoline alpha-amino acids with high ee. These new constrained phenyl alanine derivatives are now readily available for evaluation across a variety of applications.
Doping tunable resonance: Toward electrically tunable mid-infrared metamaterials (2010)

We demonstrate metamaterials at the mid-infrared (mid-IR) wavelengths (8–12 μm) that can be widely tuned by doping in adjacent semiconductor epilayers. The metamaterials are based on metallic split ring resonators (SRRs) fabricated on doped indium antimonide (InSb). Finite integral time-domain simulation results and measured transmission data show that the resonance blueshifts when the semiconductor electron carrier concentration is increased while keeping the split ring geometry constant. A resonant wavelength shift of 1.15 μm is achieved by varying the carrier concentration of underlying InSb epilayer from 1×1016 to 2×1018 cm−3. This work represents the first step toward active tunable metamaterials in the mid-IR where the resonance can be tuned in real time by applying an electric bias voltage to control the effective carrier density.
A slippery molecular assembly allows water as a self-erasable security marker (2015)

Protection of currency and valuable documents from counterfeit continues to be a challenge. While there are many embedded security features available for document safety, they are not immune to forgery. Fluorescence is a sensitive property, which responds to external stimuli such as solvent polarity, temperature or mechanical stress, however practical use in security applications is hampered due to several reasons. Therefore, a simple and specific stimuli responsive security feature that is difficult to duplicate is of great demand. Herein we report the design of a fluorescent molecular assembly on which water behaves as a self-erasable security marker for checking the authenticity of documents at point of care. The underlying principle involves the disciplined self-assembly of a tailor-made fluorescent molecule, which initially form a weak blue fluorescence (λem = 425 nm, Φf = 0.13) and changes to cyan emission (λem = 488 nm,Φf = 0.18) in contact with water due to a reversible molecular slipping motion. This simple chemical tool, based on the principles of molecular self-assembly and fluorescence modulation, allows creation of security labels and optically masked barcodes for multiple documents authentication.
Autocloning and Amplification of <i>LIP2</i> in <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> (2000)

We synthesized a Yarrowia lipolytica strain overproducing lipase for industrial applications by using long terminal repeat (zeta) of the Y. lipolytica retrotransposon Ylt1 and an allele of URA3 with a promoter deletion to construct JMP3. JMP3 is a derivative of plasmid pHSS6 carrying a NotI-NotI cassette which contains a defective URA3 allele, a polylinker sequence, and the zeta region for targeting to multiple sites in the genome of the recipient. We inserted the LIP2 gene (encoding extracellular lipase) under the control of the strong POX2 promoter into JMP3 to generate JMP6. The pHSS6 region was removed by NotI digestion prior to transformation. Two Y. lipolytica strains transformed with the JMP6 LIP2 cassette had a mean of 10 integrated copies devoid of the Escherichia coli region, corresponding to an autocloning event. The copy number in the transformants was stable even after 120 generations in nonselective and lipase-inducing conditions. The resulting strains could produce 0.5 g of active lipase per liter in the supernatant, 40 times more than the single-copy strain with the LIP2 promoter. This work provides a new expression system in Y. lipolytica that results in strains devoid of bacterial DNA and in strains producing a high level of lipase for industrial uses, waste treatment, and pancreatic insufficiency therapy.
A fluid-suspension, electromagnetically driven eye with video capability for animatronic applications (2009)

We have prototyped a compact, fluid-suspension, electromagnetically-rotated animatronic eye. The eye features extremely low operating power, a range of motion and saccade speeds that can exceed that of the human eye, and an absence of frictional wear points. The design has no external moving parts, easing its installation in new and retrofit animatronic applications. It allows a clear view through the entire structure from front to back, making a rear, stationary video camera possible. The camera view is supported without a large entrance pupil and is stationary even during rotation of the eye. Two of these devices can support stereo viewing. In a special application, the eye can be separated into a hermetically sealable portion that might be used as a human eye prosthesis, along with an extra-cranially-mounted magnetic drive.
Liquid-crystal-on-silicon XGA projection display using mixed-mode twisted nematics (2003)

We have developed a highly integrated liquid-crystal-on-silicon display for three-panel color projector. The silicon panel was designed and fabricated by a custom 0.5 /spl mu/m 3-metal CMOS technology with a spatial resolution of 1024/spl times/768 pixels. The pixel pitch was 13.8 /spl mu/m and the fill factor was 91%. 6-bit digital data drivers and gamma-correction resistor network were integrated within the silicon panel for true gray scale and full color image representation. The display was made with an optimized mixed twisted nematic and birefringence cell configuration for high contrast ratio at CMOS compatible voltage. Contrast ratio was 70:1 at 3.5 Vrms. With a compact optical projector, vivid image and good color saturation were demonstrated.
Stepwise Controlled Immobilization of Colloidal Crystals Formed by Polymer-Grafted Silica Particles (2005)

Colloidal crystals formed by polymer-grafted silica particles were immobilized by a stepwise procedure consisting of gelation by radical copolymerization followed by solidification by ring-opening radical polymerization. In the first step, the poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-grafted silica colloidal crystal suspension was incorporated into the gel without altering the crystal structure by copolymerization of cross-linker, 1,2-dimethylacryloyloxyethane (DME) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). In the second step, ring-opening radical polymerization was performed after substituting the solvent with vinylidene-1,3-dioxolane. By this two-step procedure, the silica particle array of colloidal crystals was immobilized and made into durable material.
The Lightweight Nickel Fiber Electrode for Nickel-Based Battery Systems (1997)

Abstract Development of a high specific energy battery is one of the objectives of the lightweight nickel-hydrogen (Ni-H2) program at the NASA Lewis Research center. The approach has been to improve the nickel electrode by continuing combined in house and contract efforts to develop a more efficient and lighter weight electrode for the nickel-hydrogen cell. Small fiber diameter nickel plaques are used as conductive supports for the nickel hydrogen active material. These plaques have an advantage of increased surface area available for the deposition of active material. Initial tests include activation and capacity measurements at different discharge rates followed by life cycling.
Purification and Some Properties of an Alkaline Pullulanase from Alkalophilic<i>Bacillus</i>sp. KSM-1876 (1992)

A novel alkaline pullulanase (pullulan 6-glucanohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.41) was purified to homogeneity from the culture filtrate of the alkalophilic Bacillus sp. KSM-1876. The pullulanase had an optimum pH for activity of around 10.0–10.5, which is the highest pH for optimum activity of any pullulanases reported to date. The optimum temperature at pH 10 was around 50°C. The enzyme had a molecular mass of 120 kDa and an isoelectric point of pH 5.2. The enzyme acted specifically on pullulan to generate maltotriose as the major end product; the Km for pullulan was 1.8mg/ml. N-Bromosuccinimide abolished the enzymatic activity, and pullulan protected the enzyme from inactivation by this tryptophan-specific oxidant, suggesting that a tryptophan residue(s) is involved in the mechanism of action of the pullulanase from Bacillus sp. KSM-1876.
Low Dose of X‐Ray‐Excited Long‐Lasting Luminescent Concave Nanocubes in Highly Passive Targeting Deep‐Seated Hepatic Tumors (2019)

Chromium-doped zinc gallate, ZnGa<sub>2</sub> O<sub>4</sub> :Cr<sup>3+</sup> (ZGC), is viewed as a long-lasting luminescence (LLL) phosphor that can avoid tissue autofluorescence interference for in vivo imaging detection. ZGC is a cubic spinel structure, a typical agglomerative or clustered morphology lacking a defined cubic shape, but a sphere-like feature is commonly obtained for the nanometric ZGC. The substantial challenge remains achieving a well-defined cubic feature in nanoscale. The process by which dispersed and well-defined concave cubic ZGC is obtained is described, exhibiting much stronger LLL in UV and X-ray excitation for the dispersed cubic ZGC compared with the agglomerative form that cannot be excited using X-rays with a low dose of 0.5 Gy. The cubic ZGC reveals a specific accumulation in liver and 0.5 Gy used at the end of X-ray excitation is sufficient for imaging of deep-seated hepatic tumors. The ZGC nanocubes show highly passive targeting of orthotopic hepatic tumors.
Non-isolated two-inductor boost converter with improved EMI performance (2005)

A new implementation of a non-isolated, two-inductor, two-switch boost converter topology that features a common ground for the source and load is described. The new circuit exhibits a significantly reduced common-mode noise compared to its counterpart that is implemented with separate source and load grounds. The EMI performance of the proposed implementation was experimentally verified on a 540-W prototype designed to operate with a -36-V to -72-V dc input-voltage range.
Resin Transfer Moldable Phenylethynyl Containing Imide Oligomers (2002)

As part of an effort to develop high performance/high temperature materials for composite fabrication via resin transfer molding (RTM) and resin infusion (RI), phenylethynyl-containing imide oligomers (PEIs) have been investigated. Uncured resins with low and stable melt viscosities and when cured, high glass transition temperatures ( T g S) and acceptable mechanical properties, are needed for RTM and RI processes. High performance/high temperature composites from these materials are potentially useful in advanced aerospace vehicles such as reuseable launch vehicles (RLVs). Several PEIs were prepared and evaluated for melt flow behavior and mechanical properties after thermalcuring. Candidate materials exhibited the combination of properties required for RTM with melt viscosities of0.4–1.0 Pa s at 280°C and melt stability for > 2 h at 280°C. Flat, void-free composites fabricated by RTM gave cured T g s as high as 350°C, high mechanical properties, and excellent stability at 288°C. The chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of these resins and their composites are discussed.
Multi-element linear array of silicon detectors for imaging beta emitting compounds in the coronary arteries (2003)

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of death in most developed countries. A large portion of CAD is caused by rupture of unstable plaque, which is not detectable by current diagnostic methods. By labeling the unstable plaque with beta emitting radioisotopes, it is possible to detect these plaques with a very narrow in situ detector system. Our intra-vascular detector system is an imaging device, consisting of several silicon detectors mounted on a flexible PC-board inside of a 1.6 mm diameter catheter. The catheter shields the detectors from outside light and enables the device to he guided to the coronary arteries during an angiography session. Each silicon detector consists of a linear array of 20 square pixels,with pixel dimensions of 0.45 mm /spl times/ 0.45 mm.