gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image interpolation by two-dimensional parametric cubic convolution (2006)

Cubic convolution is a popular method for image interpolation. Traditionally, the piecewise-cubic kernel has been derived in one dimension with one parameter and applied to two-dimensional (2-D) images in a separable fashion. However, images typically are statistically nonseparable, which motivates this investigation of nonseparable cubic convolution. This paper derives two new nonseparable, 2-D cubic-convolution kernels. The first kernel, with three parameters (designated 2D-3PCC), is the most general 2-D, piecewise-cubic interpolator defined on [-2, 2] x [-2, 2] with constraints for biaxial symmetry, diagonal (or 90 degrees rotational) symmetry, continuity, and smoothness. The second kernel, with five parameters (designated 2D-5PCC), relaxes the constraint of diagonal symmetry, based on the observation that many images have rotationally asymmetric statistical properties. This paper also develops a closed-form solution for determining the optimal parameter values for parametric cubic-convolution kernels with respect to ensembles of scenes characterized by autocorrelation (or power spectrum). This solution establishes a practical foundation for adaptive interpolation based on local autocorrelation estimates. Quantitative fidelity analyses and visual experiments indicate that these new methods can outperform several popular interpolation methods. An analysis of the error budgets for reconstruction error associated with blurring and aliasing illustrates that the methods improve interpolation fidelity for images with aliased components. For images with little or no aliasing, the methods yield results similar to other popular methods. Both 2D-3PCC and 2D-5PCC are low-order polynomials with small spatial support and so are easy to implement and efficient to apply.
Phase Transformation of High Silica BEA to OU-1 and MTW (1998)

Abstract Phase transformation of high silica BEA to OU-1 and MTW was demonstrated for the first time. Zeolite OU-1, an analogous material to SSZ-31 and NCL-1, was synthesized using tetraethylammonium hydroxide (TEAOH) as a structure directing agent. The influence of Na and Al ions on stabilization of BEA phase during crystallization is presented.
A study of Al-Mo powder processing as a possible way to corrosion resistent aluminum-alloys (2009)

Elementary Al and Mo powder mixtures have been processed by high energy ball milling up to milling times of 100 hours. The shift of the pitting potential and the X ray analysis of green milled samples showed that part of the Mo has formed a supersaturated solid solution of Mo in Al. Elementary Mo powder, however, was still present after 100 hours of milling. Sintering led to the formation of the intermetallic Al12Mo phase.
Electronically Conducting Proton Exchange Polymers as Catalyst Supports for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells. Electrocatalysis of Oxygen Reduction, Hydrogen Oxidation, and Methanol Oxidation (1999)

A variety of supported catalysts were prepared by the chemical deposition of Pt and Pt‐Ru particles on chemically prepared poly (3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly (styrene‐4‐sulfonate) (PEDOT/PSS) and PEDOT/polyvinylsulfate (PVS) composites. The polymer particles were designed to provide a porous, proton‐conducting and electron‐conducting catalyst support for use in fuel cells. These polymer‐supported catalysts were characterized by electron microscopy, impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and conductivity measurements. Their catalytic activities toward hydrogen and methanol oxidation and oxygen reduction were evaluated in proton exchange membrane fuel‐cell‐type gas diffusion electrodes. Activities for oxygen reduction comparable to that obtained with a commercial carbon‐supported catalyst were observed, whereas those for hydrogen and methanol oxidation were significantly inferior, although still high for prototype catalysts. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Quantitative fluorescence angiography for neurosurgical interventions (2013)

Present methods for quantitative measurement of cerebral perfusion during neurosurgical operations require additional technology for measurement, data acquisition, and processing. This study used conventional fluorescence video angiography--as an established method to visualize blood flow in brain vessels--enhanced by a quantifying perfusion software tool. For these purposes, the fluorescence dye indocyanine green is given intravenously, and after activation by a near-infrared light source the fluorescence signal is recorded. Video data are analyzed by software algorithms to allow quantification of the blood flow. Additionally, perfusion is measured intraoperatively by a reference system. Furthermore, comparing reference measurements using a flow phantom were performed to verify the quantitative blood flow results of the software and to validate the software algorithm. Analysis of intraoperative video data provides characteristic biological parameters. These parameters were implemented in the special flow phantom for experimental validation of the developed software algorithms. Furthermore, various factors that influence the determination of perfusion parameters were analyzed by means of mathematical simulation. Comparing patient measurement, phantom experiment, and computer simulation under certain conditions (variable frame rate, vessel diameter, etc.), the results of the software algorithms are within the range of parameter accuracy of the reference methods. Therefore, the software algorithm for calculating cortical perfusion parameters from video data presents a helpful intraoperative tool without complex additional measurement technology.
An explanation of the decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, with illustrations (1979)

SUMMARY The decimal code for the growth stages of cereals devised by Zadoks, Chang & Konzak (1974) is reproduced here with expanded definitions of some of the descriptive phrases and stylised drawings of selected stages of wheat, barley and oat plants.
Bacterial decontamination of water by means of pulsed corona discharges (2002)

By using a tungsten wire with 75 /spl mu/m diameter, two cm apart from a plane cathode, and applying a 600 ns, 120 kV square wave pulse, we were able to obtain a pulsed water corona discharge (PWC). The effect of these discharges on bacteria was studied using water contaminated with Escherichia coli or Bacillus subtilis, the latter in both the vegetative and spore state. The strongest effect was obtained on E. coli. The concentration of E. coli could be reduced by three orders of magnitude after applying 8 corona discharges to the water. The corresponding energy expenditure is 10 J/ml. The decontamination rate had the largest values at the beginning, and decreased considerably after 15 electrical discharges, reaching a constant residual concentration value of 10/sup -4/ of the initial concentration. For B. subtilis in the vegetative state, it took almost 30 discharges to reach the same result, corresponding to an energy expenditure of 40 J/ml. There was no effect on B. subtilis spores. Comparisons with the pulsed electric field (PEF) method indicate that the decontamination efficiency of the PWC method is slightly higher than that of the PEF method.
Regulation of RNA splicing by the methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (2005)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a postnatal neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the loss of acquired motor and language skills, autistic features, and unusual stereotyped movements. RTT is caused by mutations in the X-linked gene encoding methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2). Mutations in MECP2 cause a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders including X-linked mental retardation, psychiatric disorders, and some cases of autism. Although MeCP2 was identified as a methylation-dependent transcriptional repressor, transcriptional profiling of RNAs from mice lacking MeCP2 did not reveal significant gene expression changes, suggesting that MeCP2 does not simply function as a global repressor. Changes in expression of a few genes have been observed, but these alterations do not explain the full spectrum of Rett-like phenotypes, raising the possibility that additional MeCP2 functions play a role in pathogenesis. In this study, we show that MeCP2 interacts with the RNA-binding protein Y box-binding protein 1 and regulates splicing of reporter minigenes. Importantly, we found aberrant alternative splicing patterns in a mouse model of RTT. Thus, we uncovered a previously uncharacterized function of MeCP2 that involves regulation of splicing, in addition to its role as a transcriptional repressor.
Effects of senktide, a neurokinin 3 receptor agonist, on luteinizing hormone secretion and follicular development in anestrous Shiba goats: a pilot study (2014)

This pilot study demonstrated that intravenous treatment with senktide has therapeutic action in goats with anestrus by inducing LH release, which could promote follicular development and ovulation.
A fluidized-bed reactor: the biolift process (1994)

Biological reactors using a culture fixed on a fluidized bed are suitable for many applications in waste water treatment. A large number of studies have been carried out at the pilot-plant scale but none exists at the industrial scale for municipal waste water treatment. Examples are: - Dorr Oliver (Sutton + Mishra) (1) - The Biolex process developed by EBARA (2) - The reactor described by Heijnen (Holland) (3) In the latter two processes, fluidization and aeration are provided by an air-lift system inside the reactor. This article describes the Biolift process whose original feature is that the air-lift system is outside the reactor and is assisted by a system to inject secondary air (process air) into the reactor. This combination allows tight control of fluidization and aeration factors.
Potential for bispecific T-cell engagers: role of blinatumomab in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2016)

Patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and patients whose minimal residual disease persists during treatment have a poor leukemia-free survival. Despite improvements in front-line therapy, the outcome in these patients remains poor, especially after relapse. As there are no standard chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of patients with R/R B-precursor ALL, T-cell-based therapeutic approaches have recently come to the forefront in ALL therapy. Recently, monoclonal antibodies have been developed to target specific antigens expressed in B-lineage blast cells. In this setting, CD19 is of great interest as this antigen is expressed in B-lineage cells. Therefore, it has been selected as the target antigen for blinatumomab, a new bi-specific T-cell engager antibody. This sophisticated antibody binds sites for both CD19 and CD3, leading to T-cell proliferation and activation and B-cell apoptosis. Owing to its short serum half-life, blinatumomab has been administrated by continuous intravenous infusion with a favorable safety profile. The most significant toxicities were central nervous system events and the cytokine release syndrome. This new therapeutic approach using blinatumomab has been shown to be effective in patients with positive minimal residual disease and in patients with R/R B-precursor ALL leading to a recent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration after an accelerated review process. This review focuses on the profile of blinatumomab and its efficacy and safety.
Analysis of magnetization processes in composite media grains (2006)

Composite grains, consisting of a subgrain with high anisotropy field coupled with a subgrain with zero anisotropy, are analyzed using a two-spin model. An analytical expression is given for the exchange coupling between the subgrains that minimizes the field required to reverse the magnetically hard layer. The results of the two-spin model are compared with those of a spin chain that represents an “exchange spring magnet.” The limitations of the two-spin model are worked out.
Integrated QOS management for disk I/O (2003)

We address the problem of providing different levels of performance guarantees or quality-of-service (QOS) for disk I/O. We classify disk requests into three categories based on the provided level of service. We propose an integrated scheme that provides different levels of performance guarantees in a single system. The proposed method uses admission control and bandwidth allocation to isolate the different categories of requests and appropriate disk scheduling to achieve the desired performance goals. It is shown that the proposed method achieves the performance goals of individual requests while allowing seek optimizations at the disk. In particular, it is shown that the proposed scheme for integrated QOS management at disk, provides significantly better performance than SCAN.
Adaptable symbol table management by meta modeling and generation of symbol table infrastructures (2015)

Many textual software languages share common concepts such as defining and referencing elements, hierarchical structures constraining the visibility of names, and allowing for identical names for different element kinds. Symbol tables are useful to handle those reference and visibility concepts. However, developing a symbol table can be a tedious task that leads to an additional effort for the language engineer. This paper presents a symbol table meta model usable to define language-specific symbol tables. Furthermore, we integrate this symbol table meta model with a meta model of a grammar-based language definition. This enables the language engineer to switch between the model structure and the symbol table as needed. Finally, based on a grammar annotation mechanism, our approach is able to generate a symbol table infrastructure that can be used as is or serve as a basis for custom symbol tables.
An Aerospace Requirements Setting Model to Improve System Design (2014)

Decisions at an early conceptual stage of the product lifecycle, are made with relatively low confidence, but such decisions greatly influence the overall product and service development. It is, therefore, critical to define the risks involved in order to help designers to make informed decisions. This research project investigates the risk and uncertainties in delivering products to meet top-level business requirements. The aim is to improve the existing process of setting business requirements and the current design approaches to achieve an optimised system design. This project also examines different approaches in assessing the risk of product and service delivery. To achieve that, a dedicated software tool, based on Weibull distribution function reliability model, has been created.\n\nAn example of Rolls-Royce Civil Large Engine (CLE) gas turbine design process is used in this research as the case study. An analysis of the gap between the current design achievements and the targeted business requirements of a new product is performed at whole engine, module and component level. Further comparison of the new product business requirements, the novelty in the design and the historical reliability data is used to define and assess the risk of new product delivery.
A 5.92-Mb/mm<sup>2</sup> 28-nm pseudo 2-read/write dual-port SRAM using double pumping circuitry (2016)

We propose pseudo dual-port (DP) SRAM by using 6T single-port (SP) SRAM bitcell with double pumping circuitry, which enables 2-read/write (2RW) operation within a clock cycle. The data sequencer for address/data latch and double output sense amplifier realize the simulations read-read or write-write operation. We designed and implemented a 512-kb pseudo DP SRAM macro based on 28-nm low-power bulk CMOS technology. Our design achieved the bit density of 5.92 Mb/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is the highest ever reported. Measured data at 1.0 V supply voltage shows 1.05 ns read-access-time for one port and 2.37 ns for another port, respectively. Area overhead of the proposed circuitry is only 3.2% compared to the original SP SRAM macro.
Small signal analysis and design of active droop control using current mode equivalent circuit model (2014)

This paper proposes a small signal model for active droop control in equivalent circuit form. Active droop control is an average current mode control with proportional output voltage feedback. The proposed model takes the switching ripple of the voltage and current feedback into account, and the model is valid up to half of switching frequency. The features of the active droop controlled converters with ESR dominant capacitor and ceramic capacitor are identified. Design guidelines of the compensator and external ramp are proposed to simplify the compensator, maximize the control bandwidth and reduce the output capacitor numbers. The over designed external ramp complicates the loop design and degrades the performance. The model is applicable to different modulations.
New, faster, image-based scatter correction for 3D PET (2000)

Reports on a new numerical implementation of the single-scatter simulation scatter correction algorithm for 3D PET. Its primary advantage over tile original implementation is that it is a much faster calculation, currently requiring less than 30 sec execution time per bed position for an adult thorax, thus making clinical whole-body scatter correction more practical. The new code runs on a single processor workstation CPU instead of a vector processor array, making it highly portable. It is modular and independent of any particular reconstruction code. The computed scatter contribution is now intrinsically scaled relative to the emission image and no longer requires normalization to the scatter tails in the sinogram when all activity is contained within the field of view, making it more robust against noise. The new algorithm has been verified against the original code on both phantom and human thorax studies. Initial results indicate that scatter correction may be accurately performed following, instead of prior to, either 3D reprojection or Fourier rebinning. Some evidence is presented that the single-scatter operator, when applied to an uncorrected emission image provides reasonable compensation for multiple scatter.
Controlling Bias in Adaptive Data Analysis Using Information Theory (2015)

Modern data is messy and high-dimensional, and it is often not clear a priori what are the right questions to ask. Instead, the analyst typically needs to use the data to search for interesting analyses to perform and hypotheses to test. This is an adaptive process, where the choice of analysis to be performed next depends on the results of the previous analyses on the same data. It's widely recognized that this process, even if well-intentioned, can lead to biases and false discoveries, contributing to the crisis of reproducibility in science. But while adaptivity renders standard statistical theory invalid, folklore and experience suggest that not all types of adaptive analysis are equally at risk for false discoveries. In this paper, we propose a general information-theoretic framework to quantify and provably bound the bias and other statistics of an arbitrary adaptive analysis process. We prove that our mutual information based bound is tight in natural models, and then use it to give rigorous insights into when commonly used procedures do or do not lead to substantially biased estimation. We first consider several popular feature selection protocols, like rank selection or variance-based selection. We then consider the practice of adding random noise to the observations or to the reported statistics, which is advocated by related ideas from differential privacy and blinded data analysis. We discuss the connections between these techniques and our framework, and supplement our results with illustrative simulations.
Isolation of the first three cases of Clostridium difficile polymerase chain reaction ribotype 027 in Singapore. (2011)

We report the first three isolates of C. difficile 027 from Singapore. However, their susceptibility patterns are more consistent with the historical 027 strains. Rising CDI incidence may not be associated with the emergence of the epidemic 027 strain at this time.
Accelerating volume animation by space-leaping (1993)

In this work we present a method for speeding the process of volume animation. It exploits coherency between consecutive images to shorten the path rays take through the volume. Rays are provided with the information needed to leap over the empty space and commence volume traversal at the vicinity of meaningful data. The algorithm starts by projecting the volume onto a C-buffer (coordinates-buffer) which stores the object-space coordinates of the first non-empty voxel visible from a pixel. Following a change in the viewing parameters, the C-buffer is transformed accordingly. Next, coordinates that possibly became hidden are discarded. The remaining values serve as an estimate of the point where the new rays should start their volume traversal. This method does not require 3-D preprocessing and does not suffer from any image degradation. It can be combined with existing acceleration techniques and can support any ray traversal algorithm and material modeling scheme. >
Therapeutic Angiogenesis/Arteriogenesis in the Chronic Ischemic Rabbit Hindlimb: Effect of Venous Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Retroinfusion (2003)

Therapeutic induction of angiogenesis has been shown in experimental hindlimb ischemia. An alternative to targeting the ischemic hindlimb tissue via the severely stenosed or occluded artery consists in the intact venous system, e.g., by retroinfusion. We tested whether basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) enhances angiogenesis induction. Therefore, we applied bFGF retrogradely as compared to intramuscular application. Furthermore, we assessed whether bFGF-induced angiogenesis was enhanced by low-dose VEGF coapplication. Chronic hindlimb ischemia in rabbits was established by excision of the femoral artery at day 0 (d0). At d7, baseline collateral number in the ischemic limb and collateral flow velocity of contrast agent (frame count score) were assessed. Thereafter, saline solution (control group) or bFGF (20 microg/kg) with or without VEGF (10 microg/kg) was retroinfused through the femoral vein. Alternatively, bFGF (20 microg/kg) was injected into thigh and calf muscles. At d35, collateral growth and flow velocity were quantified, and tissue samples were analyzed for capillary density. In the untreated control group, capillary/muscle fiber (C/FM) ratio of the ischemic limb was 0.87 +/- 0.12, and collateral number as well as frame count score at -d35 did not change compared to d7 (107% +/- 7% and 109% +/- 10% of baseline, respectively). Retrograde application of bFGF induced capillary and collateral growth (C/FM ratio 1.56 +/- 0.19 and frame count 161% +/- 29% of baseline), resulting in enhanced flow velocity (143% +/- 13%), similar to the intramuscular application of bFGF. Additional low-dose VEGF retroinfusion did not further increase capillary/collateral growth (1.49 +/- 0.08 and 172% +/- 26%) nor perfusion velocity (149% +/- 7%). The authors conclude that bFGF retroinfusion is a feasible approach of inducing angiogenesis and arteriogenesis in an ischemic hindlimb, resulting in increased blood perfusion, which was not further extended by additional low-dose VEGF coapplication.