gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximate Linear Time ML Decoding on Tail-Biting Trellises in Two Rounds (2006)

A linear time approximate maximum likelihood decoding algorithm on tail-biting trellises is presented, that requires exactly two rounds on the trellis. This is an adaptation of an algorithm proposed earlier with the advantage that it reduces the time complexity from O(m log m) to O(m) where m is the number of nodes in the tail-biting trellis. A necessary condition for the output of the algorithm to differ from the output of the ideal ML decoder is deduced and simulation results on an AWGN channel using tail-biting trellises for two rate 1/2 convolutional codes with memory 4 and 6 respectively, are reported
Malignant melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract. (1996)

Malignant melanoma, a common malignancy whose prevalence is increasing, represents 1-3% of cancers in the United States [1]. At autopsy, metastatic deposits to the gut are frequently found, but less than 9% of melanoma patients are diagnosed with gastrointestinal metastases while living [2]. Modern management includes aggressive surgical therapy to prolong survival and to palliate the disease [3]. Therefore, imaging of metastatic melanoma is clinically important to detect extent and determine whether the patient would benefit by surgery. Gastrointestinal metastases may manifest as mucosal or submucosal masses, serosal implants, or carcinomatosis [4]. They arise more commonly in the mesentery or distal small bowel than the proximal gastrointestinal tract or colon. The purpose of this essay is to illustrate the appearance of melanoma metastatic to the gastrointestinal tract on luminal contrast studies and on CT and to emphasize the importance of early investigation of gastrointestinal symptoms in a patient with a history of malignant melanoma.
Machine Learning Detects Pan-cancer Ras Pathway Activation in The Cancer Genome Atlas (2018)

Precision oncology uses genomic evidence to match patients with treatment but often fails to identify all patients who may respond. The transcriptome of these "hidden responders" may reveal responsive molecular states. We describe and evaluate a machine-learning approach to classify aberrant pathway activity in tumors, which may aid in hidden responder identification. The algorithm integrates RNA-seq, copy number, and mutations from 33 different cancer types across The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) PanCanAtlas project to predict aberrant molecular states in tumors. Applied to the Ras pathway, the method detects Ras activation across cancer types and identifies phenocopying variants. The model, trained on human tumors, can predict response to MEK inhibitors in wild-type Ras cell lines. We also present data that suggest that multiple hits in the Ras pathway confer increased Ras activity. The transcriptome is underused in precision oncology and, combined with machine learning, can aid in the identification of hidden responders.
One‐Pot Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 1<i>H</i>‐Tetrazoles from Aryl Bromides with Potassium Hexakis(cyano‐<i>κC</i>)ferrate(4−) (K<sub>4</sub>[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]) as Cyanide Source (2009)

Abstract magnified image A one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of 5‐substituted 1 H ‐tetrazoles through the three‐component reaction between an aryl bromide, potassium hexakis(cyano‐ κC )ferrate(4−) (K 4 [Fe(CN) 6 ]) and NaN 3 catalyzed by [Pd(OAc) 2 ] and ZnBr 2 in the presence of 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (dabco) was developed. Furthermore, the reaction occurred under nonacidic conditions and involved a nontoxic cyanide source, making this method a quite attractive one.
A natural language database interface for SQL-tutor (1999)

An investigation into integrating a database Natural Language Processing\n(NLP) component into the SQL-Tutor Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) is\npresented. Tailor-made NLP systems created by a programmer, and NLP systems\ncreated automatically by a general database NLP system, are considered with\nrespect to the requirements of SQL-Tutor. A tailor-made system is created for the\nMOVIES database using a semantic grammar, and its strengths and weaknesses\nare demonstrated. Three 'levels' of information are identified in the tailor-made\nsystem; database independent information, database structure and database\nsemantics. These levels are used to assess a commercial system for automatic\ndatabase NLP generation. Some weaknesses are identified in this system and a\nproposal of an 'authoring tool' to remedy these weaknesses is presented.
Enzyme-Free Colorimetric Detection of DNA by Using Gold Nanoparticles and Hybridization Chain Reaction Amplification (2013)

A novel, high sensitive, and specific DNA assay based on gold nanoparticle (AuNP) colorimetric detection and hybridization chain reaction (HCR) amplification has been demonstrated in this article. Two hairpin auxiliary probes were designed with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) sticky ends which stabilize AuNPs and effectively prevent them from salt-induced aggregation. The target DNA hybridized with the hairpin auxiliary probes and triggered the formation of extended double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) polymers through HCR. As a result, the formed dsDNA polymers provide less stabilization without ssDNA sticky ends, and AuNPs undergo aggregation when salt concentration is increased. Subsequently, a pale purple-to-blue color variation is observed in the colloid solution. The system is simple in design and convenient in operation. The novel strategy eliminates the need for enzymatic reactions, separation processes, chemical modifications, and sophisticated instrumentation. The detection and discrimination process can be seen with the naked eye. The detection limit of this method is lower than or at least comparable to previous AuNP-based methods. Importantly, the protocol offers high selectivity for the determination between perfectly matched target oligonucleotides and targets with single base-pair mismatches.
Evaluation of the Analgesic Effect of Combination Therapy on Chronic Plantar Pain Through the Myofascial Trigger Points Approach (2018)

The suggested combination therapy of ultrasound with ICST is clinically significant for reducing plantar pain after 15 treatment sessions, with a 6.5-point reduction in mean PIP and a 4.6-point increase in PPT.
Induction of Calmodulin Kinase IV by the Thyroid Hormone during the Development of Rat Brain (1996)

This communication reports the specific induction of calmodulin kinase IV by the thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3) in a time- and concentration-dependent manner at a very early stage of brain differentiation using a fetal rat telencephalon primary cell culture system, which can grow and differentiate under chemically defined conditions. The induction of the enzyme that can be observed both on the mRNA and on the protein level is T3-specific, i.e. it cannot be induced by retinoic acid or reverse T3, and can be inhibited on both the transcriptional and the translational level by adding to the culture medium actinomycin D or cycloheximide, respectively. The earliest detection of calmodulin kinase IV in the fetal brain tissue of the rat is at days E16/E17, both on the mRNA as well as on the protein level. This is the first report in which a second messenger-dependent kinase involved in the control of cell regulatory processes is itself controlled by a primary messenger, the thyroid hormone.
An Architecture for Dynamic Data Source Integration (2005)

Integrating multiple heterogeneous data sources in to applications is a time-consuming, costly and error-prone engineering task. Relatively mature technologies exist that make integration tractable from an engineering perspective. These technologies however have many limitations, and hence present opportunities for breakthrough research. This paper briefly describes some of these limitations. It then provides an overview of the Data Concierge research project and prototype that is attempting to provide solutions to some of these limitations. The paper focuses on the core architecture and mechanisms in the Data Concierge for dynamically attaching to a previously unidentified source of information. The generic API supported by the Data Concierge is described, along with the architecture and prototype tools for describing the meta-data necessary to facilitate dynamic integration. In addition, we describe the outstanding challenges that remain to be solved before the Data Concierge concept can be realized.
Advanced architectures for high-performance quantum networking (2022)

As practical quantum networks prepare to serve an ever-expanding number of nodes, there has grown a need for advanced auxiliary classical systems that support the quantum protocols and maintain compatibility with the existing fiber-optic infrastructure. We propose and demonstrate a quantum local area network design that addresses current deployment limitations in timing and security in a scalable fashion using commercial off-the-shelf components. First, we employ White Rabbit switches to synchronize three remote nodes with ultra-low timing jitter, significantly increasing the fidelities of the distributed entangled states over previous work with Global Positioning System clocks. Second, using a parallel quantum key distribution channel, we secure the classical communications needed for instrument control and data management. In this way, the conventional network that manages our entanglement network is secured using keys generated via an underlying quantum key distribution layer, preserving the integrity of the supporting systems and the relevant data in a future-proof fashion.
A Review on Capacitive-Type Sensor for Measurement of Height of Liquid Level (2014)

The capacitive sensors are used in a variety of industrial and automotive application. A capacitive sensor converts a change in position, or properties of dielectric material into an electrical signal. These properties of capacitor can be used to measure the liquid level in storage tanks. The various aspects and configurations of capacitive liquid level measurement have been described. Here, review is also done on the several types of liquid level measurement techniques using capacitive sensor, for conducting and non-conducting liquid.
Stillbirth rates in singleton pregnancies in a stable population at Karl Bremer and Tygerberg hospitals over 50 years (2013)

CITATION: Odendaal, H. J., Gebhardt, G. S. & Theron, G. B. 2013. Stillbirth rates in singleton pregnancies in a stable population at Karl Bremer and Tygerberg hospitals over 50 years. South African Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 19(3):67-70, doi:10.7196/SAJOG.662.
Effects of benzoic acid on nitrogen, phosphorus and energy balance and on ammonia emission from slurries in the heavy pig (2011)

The effects of two dietary levels of benzoic acid on nitrogen, phosphorus and energy balance were evaluated in the typical Italian heavy pig during the last phase of growth. Six Landrace × Large White barrows of 125 kg body weight (BW) on average were used in a repeated 3×3 Latin Square design and housed in metabolic cages to collect faeces and urine separately, in 3 collection periods of 7 days, after 14 days of adaptation. The animals were individually housed in open circuit respiration chambers to determine the energy metabolism. The dietary treatments were as follows [% on dry matter (DM)]: i) diet C (control): 14.2 crude protein (CP), 3.7 EE, 13.8 NDF; ii) diet B05: diet C plus 0.5% benzoic acid; iii) diet B10: diet C plus 1.0% benzoic acid. DM fed was fixed at 6.8% BW0.75. Apparent digestibility was similar among treatments for all the parameters studied. Nitrogen (N) retention was 35.8, 37.4, 41.6% of intake N for C, B05 and B10, respectively, with no significant difference. Energy and phosphorus balances were not influenced by dietary treatments. Ammonia nitrogen emission from the slurry, expressed as a proportion of the initial slurry nitrogen, was decreased (P=0.049) by the inclusion of benzoic acid in the diet: 35.2, 28.1, 26.2% for C, B05, B10, respectively. The addition of benzoic acid to the diet determined a numerically decrease of the urinary pH. In conclusion, the inclusion of benzoic acid in the diet of the heavy pig is beneficial to the environment without effects on N, phosphorus (P) and energy balances.
High complement levels in astrocyte‐derived exosomes of Alzheimer disease (2018)

ADE complement effector proteins in AD are produced by dysregulated systems, attain higher levels than in controls, and may potentially damage neurons in the late inflammatory phase of AD. Ann Neurol 2018;83:544-552.
Developmental expression of esophageal gland antigens and their detection in stylet secretions of Meloidogyne incognita (1994)

Summary - Immunofluorescence microscopy with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) was used to demonstrate developmentally­ regulated synthesis of esophageal gland antigens in MeloicWgyne incognita during parasitism of plants and the secretion of sorne of these antigens through the nematode's stylet. Several esophageal gland antigens were temporally expressed in the subventral and dorsal glands of preparasitic second-stage juveniles 02), parasitic J2, and adult female life stages. Two MAbs that bound to the subventral glands of]2, and one MAb that bound ta the dorsal and subventral glands ofJ2, also bound to stylet secretions produced byJ2. Two MAbs that bound to the dorsal gland in adult females, and one MAb that bound to the subventral glands in adult females, bound ta stylet secretions produced by adult females. These resuJts demonstrate that secretions from the dorsal and subventral esophageal glands can be secreted through the stylet of M. incognita, and that their expression is developmentally regulated. Resume - Expression d'antigenes des glandes œesophagiennesdurant le developpement de Meloidogyne incognita et leur detection dans les secretions du stywt - La microscopie en immunofluorescence a ete utilisee avec des anticorps monoclonaux pour montrer que la production d'antigenes dans les glandes œsophagiennes de MeloicWgyne incognita est regulee par le developpement durant la phase parasite et que quelques-uns de ces antigenes peuvent etre excretes au travers du stylet. Plusieurs antigenes des glandes œsophagiennes sont temporairement exprimes dans les glandes subventrales et dorsale des juveniles prepara­ sites de deuxieme stade 02), des juveniles parasites 02) et des femelles adultes. Deux anticorps monoclonaux reconnaissant les glandes subventrales de J2 et un anticoprs monoclonal reconnaissant la glande dorsale et les glandes subventrales de J2, re­ connaissent egalement les secretions passant au travers du stylet des J2. Deux anticorps monoclonaux reconnaissant la glande dorsale des femelles adultes, et un anticorps monoclonal reconnaissant leurs glandes subventrales, reconnaissent aussi les secretions passant au travers du stylet des femelles adultes. Ces resultats montrent que les secretions des glandes dorsale et subventrales peuvent passer au travers du stylet de M. incognita et que leur expression est regulee par le developpement.
Synthetic biology devices for in vitro and in vivo diagnostics (2015)

There is a growing need to enhance our capabilities in medical and environmental diagnostics. Synthetic biologists have begun to focus their biomolecular engineering approaches toward this goal, offering promising results that could lead to the development of new classes of inexpensive, rapidly deployable diagnostics. Many conventional diagnostics rely on antibody-based platforms that, although exquisitely sensitive, are slow and costly to generate and cannot readily confront rapidly emerging pathogens or be applied to orphan diseases. Synthetic biology, with its rational and short design-to-production cycles, has the potential to overcome many of these limitations. Synthetic biology devices, such as engineered gene circuits, bring new capabilities to molecular diagnostics, expanding the molecular detection palette, creating dynamic sensors, and untethering reactions from laboratory equipment. The field is also beginning to move toward in vivo diagnostics, which could provide near real-time surveillance of multiple pathological conditions. Here, we describe current efforts in synthetic biology, focusing on the translation of promising technologies into pragmatic diagnostic tools and platforms.
Separation of chromosomal length DNA molecules: Pneumatic apparatus for rotating gels during electrophoresis (1989)

The maximum length of DNA molecules that can be separated by gel electrophoresis can be increased greatly by periodically altering the direction of the electric field with respect to the gel by an angle that exceeds 90 degrees. One method involves rotating the gel by the desired angle in alternate directions periodically during electrophoresis. We describe a modification of the rotating gel electrophoresis apparatus developed by Serwer (Electrophoresis 1987, 8, 301-304) that uses a pneumatic rotary actuator instead of a stepping motor, hence reducing the cost by about 50%. Other advantages of our design are a lower center of gravity that makes the apparatus more stable and the removal of all electrical power from beneath the fluid-filled electrophoresis chamber. We present data demonstrating the separation of chromosomal length DNA molecules from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain 334 into 14 resolved bands in parallel lanes.
Trajectory-based formal controller synthesis for multi-link robots with elastic joints (2014)

Multi-link robots with elastic joints are receiving a lot of interest because neglecting joint flexibility introduced in industrial robots due to presence of transmission elements results in poor control performances. Robots with elastic joints also play a pivotal role in making human-robot interaction more safe. In this paper, we discuss the problem of synthesizing provably correct controller for motion control of such robot in the presence of obstacles in the work space. For robots with multiple links, such task is difficult because the configuration space is high-dimensional. For example, for a robot with N links, the dimension of the configuration space is 2N, and the dimension of the state-space is 4N. To solve this problem, we built upon our previous results on trajectory-based formal controller synthesis for nonlinear systems. In this paper, we exploit the fact that the dynamics of the robot is feedback linearizable. We can then demonstrate that a provably correct controller for the robot can be obtained by using finitely many samples of valid execution trajectories. We demonstrate the validity of our results by simulating it on a multi-link robot.
Examples of planar robot kinematic designs from optimally fault-tolerant Jacobians (2011)

It is common practice to design a robot's kinematics from the desired properties that are locally specified by a manipulator Jacobian. It has been recently shown that multiple different physical robot kinematic designs can be obtained from (essentially) a single Jacobian that has desirable fault tolerant properties. Fault tolerance in this case is defined as the post-failure Jacobian possessing the largest possible minimum singular value over all possible locked-joint failures. In this work, a mathematical analysis that describes the number of possible planar robot designs for optimally fault-tolerant Jacobians is presented. Two examples, one that is optimal to a single joint failure and the second that is optimal to two joint failures, are discussed. The paper concludes by illustrating some of the large variability in the global kinematic properties of these designs, despite being generated from the same Jacobian.
Programs at risk (1989)

Declaring that “these lists represent the smoke behind which a fire may be raging,” Senator John Glenn (D.‐Ohio), chairman of the Senate Government Affairs committee, has released a list prepared by the Office of Management and Budget of 73 government programs “in which hundreds of billions of federal dollars are at risk.” The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and Department of Energy are among the 16 federal departments and agencies having programs that Glenn feels could be “our next HUDs.” The secret list is not of programs where losses have occurred, but only where safeguards are thought to be insufficient.
Biosensors: recent trends. A review (1992)

P. Vadgama and P. W. Crump, Analyst, 1992, 117, 1657 DOI: 10.1039/AN9921701657
Nonlytic viral spread enhanced by autophagy components (2014)

The cell-to-cell spread of cytoplasmic constituents such as nonenveloped viruses and aggregated proteins is usually thought to require cell lysis. However, mechanisms of unconventional secretion have been described that bypass the secretory pathway for the extracellular delivery of cytoplasmic molecules. Components of the autophagy pathway, an intracellular recycling process, have been shown to play a role in the unconventional secretion of cytoplasmic signaling proteins. Poliovirus is a lytic virus, although a few examples of apparently nonlytic spread have been documented. Real demonstration of nonlytic spread for poliovirus or any other cytoplasmic constituent thought to exit cells via unconventional secretion requires demonstration that a small amount of cell lysis in the cellular population is not responsible for the release of cytosolic material. Here, we use quantitative time-lapse microscopy to show the spread of infectious cytoplasmic material between cells in the absence of lysis. siRNA-mediated depletion of autophagy protein LC3 reduced nonlytic intercellular viral transfer. Conversely, pharmacological stimulation of the autophagy pathway caused more rapid viral spread in tissue culture and greater pathogenicity in mice. Thus, the unconventional secretion of infectious material in the absence of cell lysis is enabled by components of the autophagy pathway. It is likely that other nonenveloped viruses also use this pathway for nonlytic intercellular spread to affect pathogenesis in infected hosts.
IBPP Research Associates: Palestinian Human Rights (1999)

LAW is a Palestinian human rights organization based in Jerusalem. It was founded in 1990 by a group of Palestinian lawyers to promote human rights and further the principles of the rule of law, and to defend Palestinian rights in accordance with international human rights law and United Nations declarations. LAW is affiliate to the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Federation Internationale des Ligues de Droits de l'Homme (FIDH), and the World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT). This LAW Item - originally posted on the LAW website (http://www.lawsociety.org) in late September 1999 - discusses and condemns the arrest of journalists by members of the Palestinian Civilian Police on September 28, 1999. According to the article, the action of the Palestinian police violate[d] Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 19 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[,] and Articles 3 & 4 of the Palestinian Press Law of 1995. IBPP Commentary. While the world's attention continues to largely focus on a sort of zero-sum game between the Palestinian National Authority (PNA) and Israel, an extremely important quest to establish human and civil rights consonant with international law is ongoing throughout PNA-controlled territory. Of utmost significance are the difficulties such a quest faces in the context of a literal struggle for national existence. History shows us that in many other such struggles, human and civil rights are often severely curtailed or given cursory attention. Political psychologists should closely follow the fate of human and civil rights as influenced by organizations like LAW and by the "facts on the ground" as the latter continue to change. All rights to the article were reserved by The Law Society. They may be contacted at: http://www.lawsociety.org.uk/get-in-touch/.