gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High concentration in-diffusion of phosphorus in Si from a spray-on source (2006)

High concentration in-diffusion of phosphorus in both Czochralski grown and solar grade multicrystalline Si from a spray-on liquid source has been studied by secondary ion mass spectrometry and electrochemical capacitance-voltage profiling. By extraction of the concentration dependent effective diffusivity employing the Boltzmann-Matano analysis, we adapt an integrated diffusion model based on a previous work by Uematsu [J. Appl. Phys. 82, 2228 (1997)], in order to gain insight into the mechanisms governing such in-diffusions. We find that in the tail region of the profiles, diffusion is mediated by interaction with Si self-interstitials, whereas a vacancy mechanism via doubly negative vacancies dominates in the higher concentration region towards the surface, in correspondence with a previous analysis by Fair and Tsai [J. Electrochem. Soc. 124, 1107 (1977)]. Moreover, we find that both the vacancy and interstitial mechanisms can be described by an Arrhenius behavior, exhibiting apparent activation energies of 5.2±0.3 and 2.1±0.1eV, respectively. The results form the basis for a simplified diffusion simulation, allowing simulation and subsequent optimization of phosphorus diffused emitters commonly employed in Si solar cells.
Advanced control with economic - ecological optimization for biomass-fired boilers (2014)

This paper presents work progress of advanced control development achieved on a prototype 100kW biomass-fired boiler. The aim of the research was to develop a complex control system, which provides both the basic boiler heating performance control based on the actual consumption and the optimization of operating conditions using advanced control algorithms. Thus, the resultant control system should ensure these main control tasks, i.e. to provide the desired boiler power achieved with the minimal fuel consumption and simultaneously minimal operation environmental impacts as far as they are achievable. This research is carried out in the cooperation with the company Fiedler Zdeněk Ltd. and under the support of the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic.
Image-guided robot-assisted diagnostic ultrasound (2009)

Ultrasound technicians are often required to hold the transducers in awkward positions for prolonged periods of time, while exerting large forces. As a result, they suffer from an unusually high incidence of musculoskeletal disorders. A novel robot-assisted tele-operation system has been proposed at the University of British Columbia to alleviate these problems. This thesis is part of this larger tele-operation system for diagnostic ultrasound. It contributes several novel real-time feature tracking methods for ultrasound images, the development of the "ultrasound visual servoing" concept, the design and implementation of the image controller and the user interface, the system integration and the development of several applications of the robot-assisted diagnostic ultrasound interface. It also makes a first attempt at comparing the robot-assisted approach with the conventional ultrasound examination through presenting the results of a human factors study. Ultrasound image features selected by the operator are recognized and tracked in realtime using a Correlation algorithm, a Sequential Similarity Detection algorithm, a Star algorithm, a Star-Kalman algorithm, and a Discrete Snakes algorithm. The Sequential Similarity Detection and the Star-Kalman algorithms have excellent performance while tracking features with motions of up to 25 mm/s (200 pixels/s); however, the Star-Kalman algorithm requires 60% less computation time. The Correlation and the Star algorithms exhibit poorer performance and have higher computational costs. The Snake algorithm is unable to track features with motions faster than 12 mm/s (100 pixels/s). All these methods have been compared for carotid artery tracking in ultrasound images over 10 second (300 frames) time periods. Based on feature tracking, ultrasound image servoing in three axes has been incorporated into the ultrasound robot interface and can be enabled to automatically compensate for unwanted motions in the plane of the ultrasound beam. The accuracy of the system is illustrated through a 3-D reconstruction of an ultrasound phantom and human carotid artery. Its functionality was tested by means of an Internetbased, robot-assisted tele-ultrasound examination conducted in Vancouver from Montreal.
The hydrochloride salt of 4-hydroxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-<i>n</i>-propyltryptamine (4-HO-DPT) (2020)

The title compound, 4-hy-droxy-<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-di-<i>n</i>-propyl-tryptammonium (4-HO-DPT) chloride {systematic name: <i>N</i>-[2-(4-hy-droxy-1<i>H</i>-indol-3-yl)eth-yl]-<i>N</i>-propyl-propan-1-aminium chloride}, C<sub>16</sub>H<sub>25</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sup>+</sup>·Cl<sup>-</sup>, has a singly protonated trypt-ammonium cation and one chloride anion in the asymmetric unit. A series of N-H⋯Cl and O-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds connect the ions together in ladder chains along [010].
A Chimeric Type 2 Adenovirus Vector with a Type 17 Fiber Enhances Gene Transfer to Human Airway Epithelia (1999)

In studies of the genetic disease cystic fibrosis, recombinant adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) and Ad5 are being investigated as vectors to transfer cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator cDNA to airway epithelia. However, earlier work has shown that human airway epithelia are resistant to infection by Ad2 and Ad5. Therefore, we examined the efficiency of other adenovirus serotypes at infecting airway epithelia. We found that several serotypes of adenoviruses, in particular, wild-type Ad17, infected a greater number of cells than wild-type Ad2. The increased efficiency of wild-type Ad17 could be explained by increased fiber-dependent binding to the epithelia. Therefore, we constructed a chimeric virus, Ad2(17f)/betaGal-2, which is identical to Ad2/betaGal-2 with the exception of having the fiber protein of Ad17 replace Ad2 fiber. This vector retained the increased binding and efficiency of gene transfer to well-differentiated human airway epithelia. These data suggest that inclusion of Ad17 fiber into adenovirus vectors may improve the outlook for gene delivery to human airway epithelia.
Sex Entrepreneurs in the New China (2012)

Based on ethnographic research on the male sex industry in China since 2004, sociologist Travis S.K. Kong examines how male rural migrants become male sex workers (or “money boys”) and explains how to make sense of their lives within the context of China’s quest for urbanization, modernization, and globalization. Money boys have found opportunities opened up in new spaces by the development of the market economy, the burgeoning of the sex industry, and the emergence of the gay community in reform China; however, they are struggling in these new spaces of social exclusion, legal constraints, and cultural domination.
Cationic ring-opening polymerization (CROP) major mechanistic phenomena (2000)

A number of today's accepted basic viewpoints related to cationic ring-opening polymerizations (CROP) were a matter of vivid disagreements between various research groups in the past. These controversies are described in this article and reasons of some differencies in opinions are explained. It is shown in which way we learned that polyacetals are not exclusively cyclic (as it was assumed), why CROP ions and ion pairs have similar reactivities, and why it was necessary to propose that CROP proceeds at certain conditions by Activated Monomer Mechanism. Among other subtle kinetic problems, application of the dynamic NMR and “temperature jump” techniques in determining rate constants of active species interconversions are discussed. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1919–1933, 2000
Current Opinion on Usage of L-Carnitine in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis (2019)

The advantages of peritoneal dialysis (PD) over hemodialysis (HD) are well-documented. Notwithstanding, only a small proportion of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are managed with PD. This may be related to the high glucose load that PD solutions in current use have on the patient. The effects of such excess glucose include the relatively early limitation of the ultrafiltration capacity of the peritoneal membrane, and the metabolic effects associated with hyperglycemia, e.g., decreased insulin sensitivity. This article describes the advantages that may be realized by the glucose-sparing effects of substituting part of the glucose load with other osmotically active metabolites, particularly L-carnitine. The latter is anticipated to have metabolic advantages of its own, especially as in PD patients, high plasma concentrations can be achieved in the absence of renal clearance. Besides its better biocompatibility, L-carnitine demonstrates anti-anemia action due to its effects on erythropoiesis, and positive effects on the longevity and deformability of erythrocytes. Observations from our trials on the use of carnitine-enriched PD solutions have demonstrated the effectiveness of L-carnitine as an efficient osmolyte in PD, and its favorable effect on the insulin sensitivity of the patients. The significance of these findings for future developments in the use of PD in the management of patients with ESRD is discussed.
Prevalence and Precipitants of Aggression in Psychiatric Inpatient Units (2000)

These results have important implications for predicting and thereby reducing inpatient aggression. Organisations need to ensure aggression management strategies are in place and periodically identify and assess the level of risk for workers.
Identification of a gene coding for a deglycosylating enzyme in<i>Hypocrea jecorina</i> (2009)

An enzyme with mannosyl glycoprotein endo-N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (ENGase)-type activity was partially purified from the extracellular medium of the mould Hypocrea jecorina (Trichoderma reesei). Internal peptides were generated and used to identify the gene in the T. reesei genome. The active enzyme is processed both at the N- and at the C-terminus. High-mannose-type glycoproteins are good substrates, whereas complex-type glycans are not hydrolysed. The enzyme represents the first fungal member of glycoside hydrolase family 18 with ENGase-type activity. Bacterial ENGases and the fungal chitinases belonging to the same family show very low homology with Endo T. Database searches identify several highly homologous genes in fungi and the activity is also found within other Trichoderma species. This ENGase activity, not coregulated with cellulase production, could be responsible for the extensive N-deglycosylation observed for several T. reesei cellulases.
Two-dimensional<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>p</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave superconducting states with magnetic moments on a conventional<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:math>-wave superconductor (2013)

Unconventional superconductivity induced by the magnetic moments in a conventional spin-singlet $s$-wave superconductor is theoretically studied. By choosing the spin directions of these moments, one can design spinless pairing states appearing within the $s$-wave superconducting energy gap. It is found that the helix spins produce a ${p}_{x}+{p}_{y}$-wave state while the skyrmion crystal configuration a ${p}_{x}+i{p}_{y}$-wave-like state. Nodes in the energy gap and the zero-energy flat band of Majorana edge states exist in the former case, while the chiral Majorana channels along edges of the sample and the zero-energy Majorana bound state at the core of the vortex appear in the latter case.
Two Cell Lines from White Sturgeon (1991)

Cell lines were established from spleen and heart tissues of a juvenile white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus and designated WSS-2 and WSH-1, respectively. Isoenzyme analyses of both lines confirmed their host of origin. Both lines were hypotetraploid and possessed micro- and macrochromosomes. The modal chromosome number for the WSS-2 line was 219; the WSH-1 line had a bimodal distribution with modes of 237 and 243. The effects of temperature on growth and susceptibility to selected viral pathogens were examined for the WSS-2 line. Cell replication occurred at 15–30°C, optimum temperature was 25°C. Cell survival was observed after 11 d at 10°C but not at 35°C. The WSS-2line was refractory to infections with channel catfish virus (CCV) and infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) but susceptible to infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) and white sturgeon iridovirus (WSIV). The need for cell lines from the host of origin in studies of viral pathogens of fish was demonstrated by the ability of the WSS-2 line to support replication of WSIV.
Revisiting the Warburg effect in cancer cells with proteomics. The emergence of new approaches to diagnosis, prognosis and therapy (2010)

Most cancer cells exhibit elevated levels of glycolysis and this metabolic pathway seems to be related to a greater glucose uptake. This phenomenon, known as the Warburg effect, is considered one of the most fundamental metabolic alterations during malignant transformation. Originally, Warburg hypothesised that the aerobic glycolysis of cancer cells could be just an aspect of a more complex metabolic adaptation. However, this intriguing discovery was partially misinterpreted and disregarded over time. In recent years, the peculiarities of cancer cell metabolism have been re-evaluated in light of new metabolic data that seem to confirm and to widen the original concept of the Warburg effect. In fact, biochemical, molecular, and, above all, proteomic studies on the multifaceted roles of glycolytic enzymes in cancer cells in general, and in cancer stem cells in particular, seem to suggest more complex functional adaptations. These adaptations result in significantly altered protein expression patterns, and they have fundamental implications for diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Revisiting the Warburg effect in cancer cells with a proteomic approach could deepen our knowledge of cancer cell metabolism and of cancer cell biology in general. Moreover, by identifying useful diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets, it could significantly impact clinical practice.
Nondestructive methods for determination of reinforcement steel corrosion in concrete (2013)

Corrosion is the result of the reaction between a material and its environment. Corrosion of the rebar steel may occur under certain conditions in the reinforced concrete structures. The combination of concrete and reinforcement steel was considered optimal, but the practice has revealed the insufficient durability of these structures, the main factor of structural deterioration being the corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. The maintenance and repair of bridges and buildings for their safety requires effective inspection and monitoring techniques for assessing the reinforcement corrosion. Providing of structural safety, that is, regular maintenances and timely repairs require application of efficient techniques of monitoring and control of corrosion of reinforcement in concrete. These methods should enable identification of the degree of damage, and thus indicate the severity of the problem at the moment of inspection. This paper deals with implementation of various non-destructive methods of detection and monitoring of progress of reinforcement corrosion process in concrete, with the emphasis on the method used by CANIN (Corrosion Analyzing Instrument) apparatus. The principle of the method is based on the measuring of the electric potential which is detected on the surface of concrete and which is generated as a result of the electro-chemical corrosion process of the reinforcement.
Electrolyte matrix in a molten carbonate fuel cell stack (2023)

A fuel cell stack is disclosed with modified electrolyte matrices for limiting the electrolytic pumping and electrolyte migration along the stack external surfaces. Each of the matrices includes marginal portions at the stack face of substantially greater pore size than that of the central body of the matrix. Consequently, these marginal portions have insufficient electrolyte fill to support pumping or wicking of electrolyte from the center of the stack of the face surfaces in contact with the vertical seals. Various configurations of the marginal portions include a complete perimeter, opposite edge portions corresponding to the air plenums and tab size portions corresponding to the manifold seal locations. These margins will substantially limit the migration of electrolyte to and along the porous manifold seals during operation of the electrochemical cell stack.
Enhanced Dispersion of Repolarization and Refractoriness in Transgenic Mouse Hearts Promotes Reentrant Ventricular Tachycardia (2000)

The heterogeneous distribution of ion channels in ventricular muscle gives rise to spatial variations in action potential (AP) duration (APD) and contributes to the repolarization sequence in healthy hearts. It has been proposed that enhanced dispersion of repolarization may underlie arrhythmias in diseases with markedly different causes. We engineered dominant negative transgenic mice that have prolonged QT intervals and arrhythmias due to the loss of a slowly inactivating K(+) current. Optical techniques are now applied to map APs and investigate the mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias. Hearts from transgenic and control mice were isolated, perfused, stained with di-4-ANEPPS, and paced at multiple sites to optically map APs, activation, and repolarization sequences at baseline and during arrhythmias. Transgenic hearts exhibited a 2-fold prolongation of APD, less shortening (8% versus 40%) of APDs with decreasing cycle length, altered restitution kinetics, and greater gradients of refractoriness from apex to base compared with control hearts. A premature impulse applied at the apex of transgenic hearts produced sustained reentrant ventricular tachycardia (n=14 of 15 hearts) that did not occur with stimulation at the base (n=8) or at any location in control hearts (n=12). In transgenic hearts, premature impulses initiated reentry by encountering functional lines of conduction block caused by enhanced dispersion of refractoriness. Reentrant VT had stable (>30 minutes) alternating long/short APDs associated with long/short cycle lengths and T wave alternans. Thus, optical mapping of genetically engineered mice may help elucidate some electrophysiological mechanisms that underlie arrhythmias and sudden death in human cardiac disorders.
57.5GHz bandwidth 4.8Vp<inf>p</inf> swing linear modulator driver for 64GBaud m-PAM systems (2017)

A novel series-stacked large swing push-pull MOS-HBT driver was implemented in 55nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The circuit achieves 4.8Vpp differential swing, 57.5GHz band-width and has an output compression point of 12 dBm per side. 4-PAM and 8-PAM eye diagrams were measured at 56 GBaud for a record data rate of 168 Gb/s. 4-PAM 64GBaud eye diagrams were also demonstrated. The circuit consumes 820/600 mW with/without the predriver, for an energy efficiency of 4.88/3.57 pJ/b.
Security enhancement to successive interference cancellation algorithm for non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) (2017)

Next-generation mobile network development for future radio access, or 5G, intends to provide high capacity, improved Quality of Service (QoS), carrier broadening in new spectrum, and enhanced security in data privacy. So far, the main focus of researchers and vendors in the areas of cellular telecommunication is to improve capacity and spectrum in order to get better QoS, but less attention has been given to provide a secure and trustworthy connectivity service. Among different potential candidates for 5G, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is one of the key contenders. NOMA employs the principle of successive interference cancellation (SIC) at the receiver side to separate the users information. However, implementation of SIC increases concerns over user privacy. In this paper, shortcomings of conventional SIC are discussed and a new secure SIC scheme is presented. Our proposed SIC scheme enhances user security by using the MAC address and IMEI, which are dedicated to a smartphone as private keys. This private key enables the user to encode data without disturbing other users privacy.
Deep Residual Text Detection Network for Scene Text (2017)

Scene text detection is a challenging problem in computer vision. In this paper, we propose a novel text detection network based on prevalent object detection frameworks. In order to obtain stronger semantic feature, we adopt ResNet as feature extraction layers and exploit multi-level feature by combining hierarchical convolutional networks. A vertical proposal mechanism is utilized to avoid proposal classification, while regression layer remains working to improve localization accuracy. Our approach evaluated on ICDAR2013 dataset achieves F-measure of 0.91, which outperforms previous state-of-the-art results in scene text detection.
Self-Sealing Sclerotomies for Sutureless Pars Plana Vitrectomy (2000)

Sutureless sclerotomies are simple to perform, save operative time, and reduce the risk of peroperative hypotony following removal of instruments or the infusion cannula. The technique reduces postoperative inflammation, suture-related problems including astigmatism, and allows more rapid rehabilitation.
Graphene-based photovoltaic cells for near-field thermal energy conversion (2013)

Thermophotovoltaic devices are energy-conversion systems generating an electric current from the thermal photons radiated by a hot body. While their efficiency is limited in far field by the Schockley-Queisser limit, in near field the heat flux transferred to a photovoltaic cell can be largely enhanced because of the contribution of evanescent photons, in particular for a source supporting a surface mode. Unfortunately, in the infrared where these systems operate, the mismatch between the surface-mode frequency and the semiconductor gap reduces drastically the potential of this technology. In this paper we propose a modified thermophotovoltaic device in which the cell is covered by a graphene sheet. By discussing the transmission coefficient and the spectral properties of the flux, we show that both the cell efficiency and the produced current can be enhanced, paving the way to promising developments for the production of electricity from waste heat.
Eine bequeme Methode zur Herstellung von 1‐(tert‐Butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolen (1984)

Zur Einführung der Boc‐Gruppe am Pyrrol‐Stickstoff gab es bisher kein allgemein anwendbares Verfahren. Die Herstellung der N ‐Boc‐Derivate 1 aus den entsprechenden Pyrrolen gelang jetzt mit Boc 2 O in Gegenwart des starken Acylierungskatalysators 4‐Dimethylaminopyridin in CH 3 CN oder CH 2 Cl 2 bei Raumtemperatur. Die Substituenten R 1 –R 4 sind breit variierbar. magnified image
Low turn-on voltage GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with a pseudomorphic GaAsSb base (2001)

We have developed GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with low turn-on voltage by using pseudomorphic GaAsSb as the base layer. The turn-on voltage of GaAs/GaAs0.91Sb0.09 HBT is 0.10 V lower than that of InGaP/GaAs HBT. The lower turn-on voltage is attributed to the smaller band gap of the GaAsSb base layer, indicating that GaAsSb is useful material for reducing turn-on voltage of GaAs HBTs. The current gain of 20 is obtained for GaAs/GaAs0.91Sb0.09 HBT, which is larger than those of previously reported GaAs/GaAsSb HBTs owing to the pseudomorphic, fully strained GaAsSb with no misfit dislocations. The knee voltage of 0.47 V is attained at the collector current density of 5×104 A/cm2. These results indicate that GaAs/GaAsSb HBTs have a great potential for reducing operating voltage and power dissipation.