gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Geometric abstractions to support disassembly analysis (1999)

Abstract Determining whether an assembly can be constructed from its components at the design stage potentially reduces downstream assembly problems. This determination can be accomplished by performing a disassembly analysis of the assembly's geometric model. This paper presents two abstractions derived from the assembly's geometric model that can determine the validity of the assembly: (1) the Assembly Topology Graph (ATG); and (2) the set of boundary components. The first abstraction, the ATG, in a graph whose nodes represent the components in the assembly and whose edges represent a non-null interjection of the convex hulls of component pairs. The second abstraction, the set of boundary components, represents components that intersect the boundary (or convex hull) of the assembly. These boundary components are typically the ones most accessible with respect to disassembly. This paper also discusses an algorithm, which utilizes the ATG to determine pair-wise interlocking components. If such component pairs are absent, then the disassembly sequence for the removal of components in the assembly is determined by analyzing the set of boundary components for disassembly. This procedure is repeated until all the components in the assembly are disassembled (for a valid assembly).
Tetrazine-trans-cyclooctene ligation (TTCO ligation) for the rapid construction of 18F labeled probes (2011)

79 Objectives F-18 PET has a number of attributes that make it clinically attractive, including almost 100% positron efficiency, a very high specific radioactivity, and a short half-life of ~110 min. However, the short half-life of F-18 and the poor nucleophilicity of fluoride render it difficult to incorporate F-18 in complex molecules. Recently, the TTCO ligation has been introduced as a method of bioconjugation that proceeds with fast reaction rates without need for catalysis. Herein, we reported the development of an extremely fast and reactive method for generating 18F labeled probes based on the TTCO-ligation. Methods The trans-cyclooctene nosylate was prepared using a flow reactor that continuously removes the trans-isomers through selective metal complexation. 18F-trans-cyclooctene was obtained through the reaction between the nosylate precursor and TBAF. The efficacy of TTCO ligation was then tested using 18F-labeled trans-cyclooctene and tetrazine/tetrazine-RGD compounds. Results 18F-trans-cyclooctene was obtained with 71% labeling yield and the identity was confirmed by HPLC co-injection. The conjugations between 18F-trans-cyclooctene and 3,6-di(2-pyridyl)-s-tetrazine was completed within 10 seconds of mixing at low concentrations (≥ 98%). 18F-trans-cyclooctene could also effectively label the tetrazine-RGD peptides for integrin αvβ3 imaging. The integrin αvβ3 receptor specificity was confirmed by blocking experiments. Conclusions A radiolabeling method for bioconjugation based on the TTCO-ligation is described. The reaction proceeds with exceptionally fast rates, making it an effective conjugation method within seconds at low micromolar concentrations. We anticipate that the TTCO-ligation will provide the foundation for a new class of reliable methods for 18F-labeling of biomolecules in PET applications. Research Support This work was supported by NIH Grant Number P20 RR017716 from the COBRE Program of the NCRR, and by the USC Department of Radiology
Investigation of Novel Primary and Secondary Pharmacophores and 3-Substitution in the Linking Chain of a Series of Highly Selective and Bitopic Dopamine D<sub>3</sub> Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists (2019)

Dopamine D<sub>3</sub> receptors (D<sub>3</sub>R) play a critical role in neuropsychiatric conditions including substance use disorders (SUD). Recently, we reported a series of <i>N</i>-(3-hydroxy-4-(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)butyl)-1<i>H</i>-indole-2-carboxamide analogues as high affinity and selective D<sub>3</sub>R lead molecules for the treatment of opioid use disorders (OUD). Further optimization led to a series of analogues that replaced the 3-OH with a 3-F in the linker between the primary pharmacophore (PP) and secondary pharmacophore (SP). Among the 3-F-compounds, <b>9b</b> demonstrated the highest D<sub>3</sub>R binding affinity (<i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 0.756 nM) and was 327-fold selective for D<sub>3</sub>R over D<sub>2</sub>R. In addition, modification of the PP or SP with a 3,4-(methylenedioxy)phenyl group was also examined. Further, an enantioselective synthesis as well as chiral HPLC methods were developed to give enantiopure <i>R</i>- and <i>S</i>-enantiomers of the four lead compounds. Off-target binding affinities, functional efficacies, and metabolic profiles revealed critical structural components for D<sub>3</sub>R selectivity as well as drug-like features required for development as pharmacotherapeutics.
Anisotropy in layered half-metallic Heusler alloy superlattices (2016)

We show that when two Heusler alloys are layered in the [001], [110], or [111] directions for various thicknesses to form a superlattice, the Slater-Pauling rule may still be satisfied and the resulting superlattice is often half-metallic with gaps comparable to or larger than those of its constituents. In addition, uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy is induced because of the differences in the electronic structure of the two Heuslers in the superlattice. Various full-full, full-half, and half-half Heusler superlattices are studied, and potential half-metallic superlattices with perpendicular magnetocrystalline anisotropy are identified.
Self-tracking planar concentrator using a solar actuated phase-change mechanism (2013)

In this paper we discuss optical considerations and present design simulation results for a self-tracking (passive) solar concentrator. The self-tracking mechanism uses a reversible in-plane paraffin thermal actuator to couple shortwavelength light into a lightguide at the position of the solar focus. By splitting the solar spectrum using a longpass dichroic faceted reflector for actuation energy, this device adaptively self-tracks and concentrates solar light into a planar waveguide.
Laser Doppler retinal blood flow measurements (1980)

The feasibility of using laser Doppler velocimetry to measure retinal blood flow was first demonstrated in 1972 by Riva, Ross and Benedek1. Since that time two groups have been following independent programmes aimed at producing a clinical instrument for this purpose. This paper will describe the application of laser Doppler velocimetry to retinal blood flow measurements, paying particular attention to an instrument developed as a collaborative project between R.S.R.E. Malvern and the Royal College of Surgeons of England.
Designing Invert Emulsion Drilling Fluids for HTHP Conditions (2018)

Abstract Good and optimal rheology is a primary requisite for a drilling fluid to achieve better hole-cleaning and barite sag resistance. Conventional thickeners like organophilic clay that provide rheology to invert emulsion fluids degrade with time and thereby fail to maintain sufficient rheology of the drilling fluid. Generally, excess amount of organophilic clay or low gravity solids (LGS) is added to the drilling fluid to enhance rheology. However, addition of excess amount of organoclay or low gravity solids not only increases the cost of drilling but also may severely affect other drilling fluid properties, which will require further treatment. In addition, addition of organoclay or low gravity solids increases the plastic viscosity, decreases the rate of penetration thereby ultimately increasing the cost of drilling. Thus, there was a need to develop a drilling fluid with optimal rheology sufficient to give good hole cleaning and barite sag resistance. This paper describes the formulation of 70pcf, 90pcf and 120pcf organoclay-free invert emulsion drilling fluids formulated with the novel rheology modifier combination of RM1 and RM2. The invert emulsion drilling fluids were hot rolled at 250°F, 250°F and 350°F respectively. The paper also describes the static aging and contamination studies of 90pcf and 120pcf fluids at 250°F and 350°F respectively. Rheology of the 90pcf invert emulsion fluid was measured across high temperatures and pressures to observe their effects on the rheological properties of the fluid. 70pcf, 90pcf and 120pcf organoclay-free invert emulsion drilling fluids formulated with the novel rheology modifier combination of RM1 and RM2 showed optimal rheology and low HTHP fluid loss. Static aging studies of 90pcf IEFs at 250°F respectively showed that the fluids are sag-resistant with low top-oil separation. Contamination studies of 90pcf fluid showed that the contaminants have minimal effect on the rheology and filtration properties of the invert emulsion fluid. HTHP rheology of the 90pcf invert emulsion fluid shows consistent rheology across high temperatures and pressures. The paper thus demonstrates the superior performance of the rheology modifier combination to achieve good rheological and filtration properties.
The Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Escherichia coli</i> K-12 (1997)

The 4,639,221-base pair sequence of Escherichia coli K-12 is presented. Of 4288 protein-coding genes annotated, 38 percent have no attributed function. Comparison with five other sequenced microbes reveals ubiquitous as well as narrowly distributed gene families; many families of similar genes within E. coli are also evident. The largest family of paralogous proteins contains 80 ABC transporters. The genome as a whole is strikingly organized with respect to the local direction of replication; guanines, oligonucleotides possibly related to replication and recombination, and most genes are so oriented. The genome also contains insertion sequence (IS) elements, phage remnants, and many other patches of unusual composition indicating genome plasticity through horizontal transfer.
Programmable frequency reference for laser stabilization using persistent spectral hole burning (2003)

Summary form only given. The first known demonstration of laser frequency stabilization using a solid-state persistent spectral hole burning material as the frequency reference is reported. Unlike gas phase transitions or Fabry-Perot resonances, spectral holes for frequency references can be prepared at any frequency within a broad inhomogeneous absorption profile (15 GHz in the material demonstrated here). Several lasers may be stabilized to multiple spectral holes, either in the same or separate absorption bands, with arbitrary frequency separations.
Prognostics and Health Assessment Implementation for Electronic Products (2010)

Traditional handbook-based reliability prediction methods for electronic products are inaccurate and misleading. In this paper, we will present a prognostics and health management (PHM) approach that is more suitable for reliability (remaining life) assessment for electronic products, since it considers actual operational and environmental loading conditions for individual products. The process for implementing PHM in electronics is discussed. Several examples of implementation in industry and defense are also given.
Cloning and engineering of the cinnamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from <i>Streptomyces cinnamoneus cinnamoneus</i> DSM 40005 (2003)

Lantibiotics are ribosomally synthesized oligopeptide antibiotics that contain lanthionine bridges derived by the posttranslational modification of amino acid residues. Here, we describe the cinnamycin biosynthetic gene cluster (cin) from Streptomyces cinnamoneus cinnamoneus DSM 40005, the first, to our knowledge, lantibiotic gene cluster from a high G+C bacterium to be cloned and sequenced. The cin cluster contains many genes not found in lantibiotic clusters from low G+C Gram-positive bacteria, including a Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein regulatory gene, and lacks others found in such clusters, such as a LanT-type transporter and a LanP-type protease. Transfer of the cin cluster to Streptomyces lividans resulted in heterologous production of cinnamycin. Furthermore, modification of the cinnamycin structural gene (cinA) led to production of two naturally occurring lantibiotics, duramycin and duramycin B, closely resembling cinnamycin, whereas attempts to make a more widely diverged derivative, duramycin C, failed to generate biologically active material. These results provide a basis for future attempts to construct extensive libraries of cinnamycin variants.
Radio-transparent dipole antenna based on a metasurface cloak (2022)

Antenna technology is at the basis of ubiquitous wireless communication systems and sensors. Radiation is typically sustained by conduction currents flowing around resonant metallic objects that are optimized to enhance efficiency and bandwidth. However, resonant conductors are prone to large scattering of impinging waves, leading to challenges in crowded antenna environments due to blockage and distortion. Metasurface cloaks have been explored in the quest of addressing this challenge by reducing antenna scattering. However, metasurface-based designs have so far shown limited performance in terms of bandwidth, footprint and overall scattering reduction. Here we introduce a different route towards radio-transparent antennas, in which the cloak itself acts as the radiating element, drastically reducing the overall footprint while enhancing scattering suppression and bandwidth, without sacrificing other relevant radiation metrics compared to conventional antennas. This technique opens opportunities for cloaking technology, with promising features for crowded wireless communication platforms and noninvasive sensing.
New high-level waste management technology for IFR pyroprocessing wastes (1993)

The pyrochemical electrorefining process for recovery of actinides in spent fuel from the Integral Fast Reactor accumulates fission product wastes as chlorides dissolved in molten LiCI-KCI and as metals, some of which are in molten cadmium. Pyrochemical processes are being developed to recover uranium and transuranium elements for return to the reactor, and to separate and immobilize fission products in suitable waste forms. Solvent cadmium is recycled within the process. Electrolyte salt is treated in a series of salt/cadmium extraction steps; it is also returned to the process. Salt-borne fission products are concentrated on a zeolite bed that is converted to a stable, leach-resistant mineral. Rare earth fission products from the salt, noble metal fission products, and cladding hulls are dispersed in a metal matrix.
Practical secrecy-preserving, verifiably correct and trustworthy auctions (2006)

We present a practical system for conducting sealed-bid auctions that preserves the secrecy of the bids while providing for verifiable correctness and trustworthiness of the auction. The auctioneer must accept all bids submitted and follow the published rules of the auction. No party receives any useful information about bids before the auction closes and no bidder is able to change or repudiate her bid. Our solution uses Paillier's homomorphic encryption scheme [25] for zero knowledge proofs of correctness. Only minimal cryptographic technology is required of bidders; instead of employing complex interactive protocols or multi-party computation, the single auctioneer computes optimal auction results and publishes proofs of the results' correctness. Any party can check these proofs of correctness via publicly verifiable computations on encrypted bids. The system is illustrated through application to first-price, uniform-price and second-price auctions, including multi-item auctions. Our empirical results demonstrate the practicality of our method: auctions with hundreds of bidders are within reach of a single PC, while a modest distributed computing network can accommodate auctions with thousands of bids.
The Case for Hybrid Photonic Plasmonic Interconnects (HyPPIs): Low-Latency Energy-and-Area-Efficient On-Chip Interconnects (2015)

Moore's law for traditional electric integrated circuits is facing increasingly more challenges in both physics and economics. Among those challenges is the fact that the bandwidth per compute on the chip is dropping, whereas the energy needed for data movement keeps rising. We benchmark various interconnect technologies, including electrical, photonic, and plasmonic options. We contrast them with hybrid photonic-plasmonic interconnect(s) [HyPPI(s)], where we consider plasmonics for active manipulation devices and photonics for passive propagation integrated circuit elements and further propose another novel hybrid link that utilizes an on-chip laser for intrinsic modulation, thus bypassing electrooptic modulation. Our analysis shows that such hybridization will overcome the shortcomings of both pure photonic and plasmonic links. Furthermore, it shows superiority in a variety of performance parameters such as point-to-point latency, energy efficiency, throughput, energy delay product, crosstalk coupling length, and bit flow density, which is a new metric that we defined to reveal the tradeoff between the footprint and performance. Our proposed HyPPIs show significantly superior performance compared with other links.
Memristive devices in computing system (2013)

Memristive devices with a simple structure are not only very small but also very versatile, which makes them an ideal candidate used for the next generation computing system in the post-Si era. The working mechanism of the devices and a family of nanodevices built based on this working mechanism are introduced first followed by some proposed applications of these novel devices. The promises and challenges of these devices are then discussed, together with the significant progresses made recently in dealing with these challenges.
Fluorescently tagged canine adenovirus via modification with protein IX–enhanced green fluorescent protein (2005)

Canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2) has become an attractive vector for gene therapy because of its non-pathogenicity and the lack of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies against this virus in the human population. Additionally, this vector has been proposed as a conditionally replicative adenovirus agent under the control of an osteocalcin promoter for evaluation in a syngeneic, immunocompetent canine model with spontaneous osteosarcoma. In this study, a CAV2 vector labelled with the fluorescent capsid fusion protein IX-enhanced green fluorescent protein (pIX-EGFP) was developed. Expression of the fluorescent fusion-protein label in infected cells with proper nuclear localization, and incorporation into virions, could be detected. The labelled virions could be visualized by fluorescence microscopy; this was applicable to the tracking of CAV2 infection, as well as localizing the distribution of the vector in tissues. Expression of pIX-EGFP could be exploited to detect the replication and spread of CAV2. These results indicate that pIX can serve as a platform for incorporation of heterologous proteins in the context of a canine adenovirus xenotype. It is believed that capsid-labelled CAV2 has utility for vector-development studies and for monitoring CAV2-based oncolytic adenovirus replication.
Design of a Gravity-Balanced Assistive Device for Sit-to-Stand Tasks (2004)

The joint torques in hip, knee and ankle are computed using inverse dynamic model during standing up for a paraplegic patient. The joint torque comprises the dynamical torque due to the inertia forces, and a passive torque due to the muscles and gravitational torque. It has been observed that the contribution to the joint torques by the gravitational torque is dominant. On the basis of this result, a gravity balanced assistive device is proposed for the elderly and impaired people such as spinal cord injury and paraplegic patients. This passive device uses a hybrid method to identify the center of mass of the system using auxiliary parallelograms first. Next appropriate springs are connected to the device to vanish the total potential energy of the system due to the gravity during standing up. A prototype with the underlying principles is currently being fabricated at the University of Delaware.
Ultrahigh-Vacuum Third-Order Spherical Aberration (Cs) Corrector for a Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope (2006)

Initial results from an ultrahigh-vacuum (UHV) third-order spherical aberration (Cs) corrector for a dedicated scanning transmission electron microscopy, installed at the National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Japan, are presented here. The Cs corrector is of the dual hexapole type. It is UHV compatible and was installed on a UHV column. The Ronchigram obtained showed an extension of the sweet spot area, indicating a successful correction of the third-order spherical aberration Cs. The power spectrum of an image demonstrated that the resolution achieved was 0.1 nm. A first trial of the direct measurement of the fifth-order spherical aberration C5 was also attempted on the basis of a Ronchigram fringe measurement.
Multi-Fidelity Recursive Behavior Prediction (2018)

Predicting the behavior of surrounding vehicles is a critical problem in automated driving. We present a novel game theoretic behavior prediction model that achieves state of the art prediction accuracy by explicitly reasoning about possible future interaction between agents. We evaluate our approach on the NGSIM vehicle trajectory data set and demonstrate lower root mean square error than state-of-the-art methods.
Output prediction logic: a high-performance CMOS design technique (2002)

We present Output Prediction Logic (OPL), a technique that can be applied to conventional CMOS logic families to obtain considerable speedups. When applied to static CMOS, OPL retains the restoring character of the logic family, including its high noise margins. Speedups of 2X to 3X over (optimized) conventional static CMOS are demonstrated for a variety of circuits, ranging from chains of gates, to datapath circuits, ranging from chains of gates, to datapath circuits, and to random logic benchmarks. Such speedups are obtained using identical netlists without remapping. When applied to pseudo-nMOS and dynamic families, in combination with remapping to wide-input NORs, OPL yields speedups of 4X to 5X over static CMOS. Since OPL applied to static CMOS is faster than conventional domino logic, and since it has higher noise margins than domino logic, we believe it will scale much better than domino with future processing technologies.
Fabrication of TiO<sub>2</sub>-Based Transparent Conducting Oxide Films on Glass by Pulsed Laser Deposition (2007)

Nb-doped anatase TiO2 (Ti0.94Nb0.06O2) films with excellent conductivity and transparency were deposited on non-alkali glass by pulsed laser deposition. X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the obtained films were polycrystalline with anatase structure. The films deposited at a substrate temperature of 250 °C with subsequent H2 annealing at 500 °C showed a resistivity of 1.5 ×10-3 Ω·cm at room temperature and an optical transmittance of 60–80% in the visible region. These results indicate that anatase Ti0.94Nb0.06O2 has great potential as a transparent conducting oxide that could replace Sn-doped In2O3 (ITO).
Cell membrane-anchored and tumor-targeted IL-12 (attIL12)-T cell therapy for eliminating large and heterogeneous solid tumors (2022)

This novel approach sheds light on the safe application of IL-12-based T-cell therapy for large and heterogeneous solid tumors.
Theory of passively mode-locked lasers including self-phase modulation and group-velocity dispersion (1984)

Closed-form analytical solutions are obtained for a passively mode-locked laser for the case in which self-phase modulation and group-velocity dispersion, in addition to the more conventional mechanisms of saturable absorption and gain, shape the laser pulses. Provided that the self-phase modulation and group-velocity dispersion are related in a manner similar to that which causes soliton formation in optical fibers, this additional pulse shaping can reduce the pulse duration below the limit otherwise set by the laser bandwidth.