gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite (PfSPZ)-based malaria vaccines (2015)

Sanaria Inc. has developed methods to manufacture, purify and cryopreserve aseptic Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) sporozoites (SPZ), and is using this platform technology to develop an injectable PfSPZ-based vaccine that provides high-grade, durable protection against infection with Pf malaria. Several candidate vaccines are being developed and tested, including PfSPZ Vaccine, in which the PfSPZ are attenuated by irradiation, PfSPZ-CVac, in which fully infectious PfSPZ are attenuated in vivo by concomitant administration of an anti-malarial drug, and PfSPZ-GA1, in which the PfSPZ are attenuated by gene knockout. Forty-three research groups in 15 countries, organized as the International PfSPZ Consortium (I-PfSPZ-C), are collaborating to advance this program by providing intellectual, clinical, and financial support. Fourteen clinical trials of these products have been completed in the USA, Europe and Africa, two are underway and at least 12 more are planned for 2015-2016 in the US (four trials), Germany (2 trials), Tanzania, Kenya, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Equatorial Guinea. Sanaria anticipates application to license a first generation product as early as late 2017, initially to protect adults, and a year later to protect all persons >6 months of age for at least six months. Improved vaccine candidates will be advanced as needed until the following requirements have been met: long-term protection against natural transmission, excellent safety and tolerability, and operational feasibility for population-wide administration. Here we describe the three most developed whole PfSPZ vaccine candidates, associated clinical trials, initial plans for licensure and deployment, and long-term objectives for a final product suitable for mass administration to achieve regional malaria elimination and eventual global eradication.
A modified MPEG-2 audio decoding scheme based on its low-cost fast algorithm and efficient data scheduling (1998)

Degrouping is the key component in MPEG Layer II audio decoding. It mainly contains the arithmetic operations of division and modulo, which requires a great deal of hardware and computation time. In this paper, we propose a novel degrouping algorithm with a low complexity design concept. By using mode selection and iterative decomposition, only the addition and subtraction are needed. The elimination of the multiplier, divider and ROM table can therefore save a lot of chip area, but still retains the high efficiency without loss of any accuracy.
3D Frequency Domain Waveform Inversion Using Time Domain Finite Difference Methods (2008)

Frequency-domain waveform inversion is typically perfomed using frequency-domain finite-difference modelling techniques. In 3D, these methods face significant computational challenges that limit any application to full-scale seismic applications. An alternative approach is to use a 3D time-domain finite-difference method and extract the frequency-domain wavefield by computing the terms of a discrete Fourier transform at each time step. This method combines the computational efficiency of 3D time-domain modelling while permitting casting the inverse problem in the frequency domain.
Abstract 1941: Development of novel NSAID conjugated molecules for lung cancer therapy (2012)

Abstract Background: Many promising chemopreventive Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) such as Flurbiprofen have acquired anti-cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2) effects with anti-cancer activities. Recently several phosphorylated-NSAID compounds were shown to improve the therapeutic potency over the parental NSAID molecules (JPET 111.183533, 2011) by 10 to 30 folds. Previously, we also reported several novel and potent molecules by the incorporation of NSAIDs such as aspirin, indomethancin, ketorolac, ketoprofen, and sulindac into the aclyting N-terminal of our lead mimetic molecules B317 (F5C-OC2Y-Atmp) (AACR 45: 476, 2004). Here we report a new series of highly potent molecules by replacing the N-terminal F5C with a flurbiprofen (Fbp). The resultant molecules effectively inhibit many cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo, with efficacy much better than the unmodified parental NSAID molecules or those phosphorylated NSAID analogs. Methods: Standard MTT assays were used to access growth inhibitory effects of the parental and NSAID conjugated molecules. Effects of drugs on cell cycle and apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in subcutaneous lung xenografts in athymic nude mice. Results: 32 lung cancer cell lines including 24 NSCLC and 8 SCLC cell lines were treated with various concentrations of some selected conjugated drugs for 4 days. The best compound had an average IC 50 value of 0.5 uM, with a range of 0.1 to 2 uM, while parental Flurbiprofen had IC50 value of 500 uM, with a range of 200 uM to 800uM. Cell cycle analysis showed that exposure of lung cancer cells to these new conjugates resulted in a significant shift of cells from S and G2 phases into G1 arrest, resulting in high percentage of apoptotic cell deaths in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Finally, our in vivo efficacy studies demonstrated that new NSAID conjugates at 5 mg/kg by daily ip injections significantly suppressed growth of subcutaneous xenografts of human lung adenocarcinoma in athymic nude mice without causing weight loss. Conclusion: Our new NSAID conjugate is a novel class of therapeutic agent with anti-growth effects against lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, with a 1000 fold increase in potency than the parental Flurbiprofen. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1941. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1941
Structure-activity relationships of novel vasopressin antagonists containing C-terminal diaminoalkanes and (aminoalkyl)guanidines (1989)

We report the synthesis and biological activity of a series of analogues of the vasopressin antagonists [Pmp1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Val4]arginine-vasopressin (1) and [Pmp1,D-Tyr(Et)2,Val4,desGly9]arginine-vasopressin (2), where part or all of the tripeptide tail has been replaced by a simple alkyldiamine [NH(CH2)nNH2] or (aminoalkyl)guanidine [NH(CH2)nNHC(= NH)NH2] in order to examine the effects that variation of the length and orientation of the tripeptide tail have on renal vasopressin (V2) receptor antagonist activity. The results show that the entire tripeptide tail (Pro-Arg-Gly-NH2) can be replaced by an alkyldiamine or an (aminoalkyl)guanidine, compounds 15 and 16, respectively, indicating that there is no orientational requirement for the basic functional group coming off the cyclic hexapeptide ring. Also, there seems to be an "optimal" distance between the basic functional group and the hexapeptide ring since receptor affinity of the antagonists begins to fall off when the basic functional group is too close (compound 13) or extends too far (compounds 8-10) from the hexapeptide ring. These results suggest all that is necessary for retention of antagonist affinity and potency is a basic functional group, amine or guanidine, extended an optimal distance from the hexapeptide ring.
Sulpinines A-C and secopenitrem B: new antiinsectan metabolites from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sulphureus (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulpinines A-C and secopenitrem B: new antiinsectan metabolites from the sclerotia of Aspergillus sulphureusJodi A. Laakso, James B. Gloer, Donald T. Wicklow, and Patrick F. DowdCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 7, 2066–2071Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00033a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views315Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (722 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Probiotics that alleviate symptoms of Functional Bowel Disorders. (2009)

Functional Bowel Disorders (FBD) include Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), functional bloating, functional constipation, functional diarrhoea and unspecified functional bowel disorders. FBDs are relatively common and it has been estimated that IBS alone affects 3-25% of otherwise healthy people. It has been suggested that dietary habits, medications and undesirable changes of the gastrointestinal microbiota could be responsible for the onset of this type of disorders. There are no widely accepted curative treatments available and currently available therapies are aimed to reducing symptoms. In recent years, probiotic cultures have been used in several studies with encouraging results. Some of these studies suggest that certain probiotic strains and strain combinations alleviate global symptoms, whereas other strains and strain combinations alleviate specific symptoms, particularly bloating/ distension and abdominal pain. It is not clear how probiotics could mediate such effects. However, it is possible that probiotics reverse the result of dietary habits, medications or other factors that may trigger the onset of symptoms. Functional dairy products, containing specific probiotic cultures, could be used to deliver benefits to those who suffer from these types of disorders, resulting in improved quality of life and wellbeing.
Piezoelectric Ceramics for High Temperature Applications (2009)

Ceramic materials based on lead titanate, lead niobate and bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics (BLSF) were studied to develop piezoelectric ceramics for high temperature sensor applications. Compositional modification enabled lead titanate and lead niobate type ceramics to exhibit good piezoelectric properties at 500°C . The Curie temperature for one BLSF, CaBi4Ti4O15 was close to 800°C, though the piezoelectric constant was smaller than those of lead titanate and lead niobate ceramics. These ceramics seem to be good candidates for use as high temperature sensor materials. In addition, textured SrBi2Nb2O9 (SBN), another BLSF, ceramics with various orientation factors were fabricated through the templated grain growth (TGG) method. The resonant frequency of 76% textured SBN varied linearly with temperature and exhibited stable temperature characteristics. The temperature coefficient of the resonant frequency was –0.85 ppm/°C from –50 to 250°C, and was smaller than that of a quartz oscillator. Therefore, textured SBN ceramics are suitable for use as a resonator material when stable resonant frequency is needed in a high temperature range.
Method for improving the long-term stability of H sub 2 S absorption-oxidation process solutions (1992)

This patent describes a hydrogen sulfide removal process wherein an incoming hydrogen sulfide-containing gas stream, contaminated with one or more organic contaminants selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof, is contacted with a circulating, regenerable aqueous washing solution in which the washing solution first absorbs the hydrogen sulfide and then oxidizes it into sulfur particles, with the sulfur particles being removed and recovered. It comprises first contacting at least a portion of the incoming gas stream with charcoal and removing the contaminants from the portion of the gas stream; and then contacting the portion of the gas stream with the washing solution. A hydrogen sulfide removal process wherein a hydrogen sulfide-containing gas stream, contaminated with one or more organic compounds selected from the group consisting of alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, and mixtures thereof, is contacted with a circulating, regenerable aqueous washing solution, the washing solution first absorbing the hydrogen sulfide and then oxidizing it into sulfur particles, with the sulfur particles being removed and recovered, the process further generating thiosulfate in the circulating solution. This paper also describes separating and removing at least a portion of the washing solution from circulation after the sulfurmore » has been removed; contacting the portion with charcoal and removing at least 25% of the organic contamination and at least a portion of the thiosulfate therefrom; and returning at least some of the portion of circulation.« less
CD4-Mimetic Small Molecules Sensitize Human Immunodeficiency Virus to Vaccine-Elicited Antibodies (2014)

Preventing HIV-1 transmission is a priority for global health. Eliciting antibodies that can neutralize many different strains of HIV-1 is difficult, creating problems for the development of a vaccine. We found that certain small-molecule compounds can sensitize HIV-1 to particular antibodies. These antibodies can be elicited in rabbits. These results suggest an approach to prevent HIV-1 sexual transmission in which a virus-sensitizing microbicide is combined with a vaccine.
Maternal whole blood mRNA signatures identify women at risk of early preeclampsia: a longitudinal study (2020)

Circulating early transcriptomic markers for preeclampsia can be found either by untargeted profiling of the cellular transcriptome or by focusing on placental cell-specific mRNAs. The <i>untargeted cellular mRNA signature</i> was consistently increased in early preeclampsia after 22 weeks of gestation, and individual mRNAs of this signature were significantly increased as early as 11-17 weeks of gestation. Several <i>single-cell placental signatures</i> predicted future development of the disease at 11-17 weeks and were also increased in women already diagnosed at 32-34 weeks of gestation.
Effects of ramped amplitude waveforms on the onset response of high-frequency mammalian nerve block (2007)

Though high-frequency alternating current (HFAC) can block nerve conduction, the block is invariably preceded by an onset response which is a period of repetitive nerve firing. We tested the hypothesis that slowly ramping up the amplitude of the HFAC waveform could produce block without this initial onset response. Computer simulations were performed, using the McIntyre-Richardson-Grill (MRG) model of myelinated mammalian axon. A ramped-amplitude HFAC was applied to axons of diameters ranging from 7.3 microm to 16 microm and at frequencies ranging from 3125 Hz to 40 kHz. The ramped-amplitude HFAC was also investigated in vivo in preparations of rat sciatic nerve. Sinusoidal voltage-regulated waveforms, at frequencies between 10 kHz and 30 kHz, were applied with initial amplitudes of 0 V, linearly increasing with time to 10 V. Ramp durations ranged from 0 s to 60 s. In both the MRG model simulations and the experiments, ramping the HFAC waveform did not eliminate the onset response. In the rat experiments, the peak amplitude of the onset response was lessened by ramping the amplitude, but both the onset response duration and the amount of onset activity as measured by the force-time integral were increased.
A precision CMOS amplifier using floating-gates for offset cancellation (2006)

A long-term offset cancellation scheme that enables continuous-time amplifier operation is described. Offset cancellation is achieved by programming floating-gate transistors that form an integral part of the amplifier's architecture. The offset voltage of a single-stage folded cascode amplifier is reduced to plusmn25 muW in a 0.5mum digital CMOS process. The offset voltage drift is 0.5 muV over a period of 10 years at 25degC and varies by a maximum of 130muV over a temperature range of 170degC
Two-photon fluorescence excitation in detection of biomolecules (2000)

Two-photon fluorescence excitation has been found to be a very powerful method for enhancing the sensitivity and resolution in far-field light microscopy. Two-photon fluorescence excitation also provides a substantially background-free detection on the single-molecule level. It allows direct monitoring of formation of labelled biomolecule complexes in solution. Two-photon excitation is created when, by focusing an intensive light source, the density of photons per unit volume and per unit time becomes high enough for two photons to be absorbed into the same chromophore. In this case, the absorbed energy is the sum of the energies of the two photons. In two-photon excitation, dye molecules are excited only when both photons are absorbed simultaneously. The probability of absorption of two photons is equal to the product of probability distributions of absorption of the single photons. The emission of two photons is thus a quadratic process with respect to illumination intensity. Thus in two-photon excitation, only the fluorescence that is formed in the clearly restricted three-dimensional vicinity of the focal point is excited. We have developed an assay concept that is able to distinguish optically between the signal emitted from a microparticle in the focal point of the laser beam, and the signal emitted from the surrounding free labelled reagent. Moreover, the free labels outside the focal volume do not contribute any significant signal. This means that the assay is separation-free. The method based on two-photon fluorescence excitation makes possible fast single-step and separation-free immunoassays, for example, for whole blood samples. Since the method allows a separation-free assay in very small volumes, the method is very useful for high-throughput screening assays. Consequently we believe that two-photon fluorescence excitation will make a remarkable impact as a research tool and a routine method in many fields of analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of Binuclear Tropocoronand and Related Organocopper(I) Complexes. Catalytic Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Grignard Reagents to 2‐Cyclohexen‐1‐one. (1988)

Abstract The conjugate addition of Grignard reagents (XIV) to 2‐cyclohexen‐1‐one (XIII) is promoted by a series of new catalysts (0,006‐0,04 mol fraction) prepared from Cu(I) species and either the tropocoronand salt (I) (such as (IV)) or the new chiral ligand (XII).
Supplementary Figures 1-8 from Antibody Blockade of Semaphorin 4D Promotes Immune Infiltration into Tumor and Enhances Response to Other Immunomodulatory Therapies (2023)

<p>Supplementary Figure S1: SEMA4D and PLXNB1 are highly expressed in human cancer. Supplementary Figure S2: SEMA4D gradient at tumor leading edge. Supplementary Figure S3: Tumor volumes of mice selected for immune cell characterization and functional assays. Supplementary Figure S4: CD8+ T cells are required for anti-SEMA4D induced specific immune memory response to Colon26. Supplementary Figure S5: Anti-SEMA4D treatment increases the Teff:Treg ratio. Supplementary Figure S6: Minimal effective dose of MAb67 is ~ 3 mg/kg corresponds with cSEMA4D T cell saturation as a PD marker Supplementary Figure S7: Single agent anti-SEMA4D is highly effective, while immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies are ineffective in mammary carcinoma model. Supplementary Figure S8: Proposed mechanisms of action for SEMA4D blockade.</p>
Passively mode-locked miniature Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers with up to 59-GHz repetition rates (2000)

Summary form only given.We demonstrate passively mode-locked Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers with pulse repetition rates ranging from 30 GHz up to 59 GHz using semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors. To our knowledge, these are the highest repetition rates ever obtained from a mode-locked solid-state laser. Previously, the maximum repetition rates of a passively mode-locked solid-state lasers was 2.7 GHz with a Cr:YAG laser and 2 GHz with a Ti:Sapphire laser. More recently, we have demonstrated 13 GHz and 29 GHz with a Nd:vanadate laser. The limited gain bandwidth of the Nd:vanadate laser results in picosecond pulses which set an upper limit on the pulse repetition rate. At these extremely high repetition rates the pulses begin to overlap. Our approach to obtain high repetition rates is to passively mode-lock Nd:vanadate lasers, which operate at their fundamental repetition rate (i.e., with only one pulse circulating in the cavity). The main challenge for passive mode locking solid-state lasers at high repetition rates is to avoid Q-switching instabilities. This quantitative understanding enabled us to explore the limits of passively mode-locked Nd:YVO/sub 4/ lasers with multi-GHz pulse repetition rates.
Evaluating and improving push based video streaming with HTTP/2 (2016)

The sever-initiated push mechanism is one of the most prominent features in the next generation HTTP/2 protocol, having shown its capability on saving network traffic and improving the web page retrieval latency. Our prior work has investigated the server push-based mechanism for HTTP video streaming and proposed a k-push scheme, where the server pushes k video segments following the response to a request. In this study, we further conduct an analysis and evaluation of the k-push scheme in HTTP streaming. Our results uncover that the push mechanism can efficiently increase the network utilization (under certain conditions) compared to regular HTTP streaming. However the results also show that the k-push scheme deteriorates network adaptability and leads to the "over-push" problem, in which the pushed video content waste network resources due to user abandonment behaviors. To overcome these limitations, we propose a new " adaptive-push" scheme, which dynamically adjusts the parameter k to adapt to the runtime environment. To evaluate the performance of adaptive-push, we implemented a prototype system. The experimental results show that compared to k-push, adaptive-push can improve the network adaptability. Furthermore, our real-world trace based simulation results show that adaptive-push can effectively alleviate the over-push problem.
Performance Characterization of Positioning in LTE Systems (2016)

This paper presents low-level models of cellular LTE signals along with an architecture for a software-defined radio (SDR) that is capable of (1) extracting the essential parameters for navigation from the received LTE signals and (2) acquiring and tracking real LTE signals transmit-ted from multiple base stations. Moreover, a method for obtaining time-of-arrival (TOA) estimates that is highly robust against interference and noise in the environment is presented. This method relies on estimating the channel impulse response from the received LTE signal. The proposed LTE SDR is evaluated on a ground vehicle in an urban environment with real LTE signals. Experimental results show a mean distance difference of 11.96 m between the proposed LTE SDR and the GPS solutions over a 1.42 Km with a standard deviation of 6.83 m and a maximum distance difference of 40.42 m.