gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ontogeny of the Hematopoietic System (2007)

Blood cells are constantly produced in the bone marrow (BM) of adult mammals. This constant turnover ultimately depends on a rare population of progenitors that displays self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential, the hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). It is generally accepted that HSCs are generated during embryonic development and sequentially colonize the fetal liver, the spleen, and finally the BM. Here we discuss the experimental evidence that argues for the extrinsic origin of HSCs and the potential locations where HSC generation might occur. The identification of the cellular components playing a role in the generation process, in these precise locations, will be important in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in HSC production from undifferentiated mesoderm.
KEY-SSD: Access-Control Drive to Protect Files from Ransomware Attacks (2019)

Traditional techniques to prevent damage from ransomware attacks are to detect and block attacks by monitoring the known behaviors such as frequent name changes, recurring access to cryptographic libraries and exchange keys with remote servers. Unfortunately, intelligent ransomware can easily bypass these techniques. Another prevention technique is to recover from the backup copy when a file is infected with ransomware. However, the data backup technique requires extra storage space and can be removed with ransomware. In this paper, we propose to implement an access control mechanism on a disk drive, called a KEY-SSD disk drive. KEY-SSD is the data store and the last barrier to data protection. Unauthorized applications will not be able to read file data even if they bypass the file system defense, thus denying the block request without knowing the disk's registered block key and completely eliminating the possibility of the file becoming hostage to ransomware. We have prototyped KEY-SSD and validated the usefulness of KEY-SSD by demonstrating 1) selective block access control, 2) unauthorized data access blocking and 3) negligible performance overhead. Our comprehensive evaluation of KEY-SSD for various workloads show the KEY-SSD performance is hardly degraded due to OS lightweight key transmission and access control drive optimization. We also confirmed that KEY-SSD successfully protects the files in the actual ransomware sample.
A concept for the standardized detection of disseminated tumor cells in bone marrow from patients with primary breast cancer and its clinical implementation (2006)

Numerous single-institutional studies and a large pooled analysis have demonstrated that the presence of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in the bone marrow (BM) from patients with primary, nonmetastatic breast cancer (Stages I-III) is associated with impaired prognosis. To date, sampling of BM and assessment of DTCs is not considered a routine procedure in the clinical management of breast cancer patients; however, emerging data suggest a future role for risk stratification and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. Because these clinical options need to be evaluated in trials to verify the principle of this concept in the clinical setting, agreement on the standardized detection of DTCs is necessary. Consequently, the German, Austrian, and Swiss Societies for Senology recently formed a panel 1) to review and discuss the existing methodologies, 2) to find a consensus for a standardized detection of DTCs, and 3) to explore the options for its clinical implementation.
Self-organization of mobile devices networks (2009)

This paper presents a cluster-based self-organizing algorithm for creating automatically ad-hoc networks including diverse wireless devices such as PDA, cell phones, laptops, wireless sensors, etc. In the proposed strategy each mobile device is represented by a multi-role agent, which generates a backbone among the devices within the environment based only on local interactions. During the operation each agent may act as leader, gateway or member according to both its neighborhood and its residual energy for creating and mantaining connected the network; this role switching allows the backbone reconfiguration when the nodes leave or arrive to the network yielding emergent behavior. After the network formation every agent varies the time interval and power of transmission allowing energy saving. Performance analysis via simulation is presented.
[Guideline 'Renal cell carcinoma']. (2008)

Each year, more than 1500 new cases of renal cell carcinoma are diagnosed in the Netherlands, and approximately 850 patients die due to this disease. The guideline 'Renal cell carcinoma' contains clinical practice recommendations on the diagnosis (imaging, pathological assessment, histopathological classification) and treatment (surgery, chemo-, immuno-, and radiotherapy) of renal cell carcinoma. For diagnostic imaging, chest and abdominal CT is recommended. Scintigraphy is not recommended. The term 'Grawitz tumour' is obsolete and should be replaced by 'renal cell carcinoma' with histological subtype specification according to the 2004 WHO classification. Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy is as effective as open surgery for localised tumours (T1 and T2) and possibly also for T3 tumours. The laparoscopic approach is associated with less morbidity due to the less invasive nature of this technique. This operation requires experience. In partial nephrectomy, a small margin of healthy tissue is sufficient. Frozen section examination of the resection edges does not appear to be required. In patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma who are eligible for immunotherapy, removal of the tumour prolongs survival. Metastasectomy prolongs survival in patients with a solitary metastasis. Most currently available cytotoxic agents are ineffective against renal cell carcinoma. Interferon-alpha may have a role in the treatment of patients with renal cell carcinoma and favourable prognostic factors, given the survival advantage demonstrated with this agent in clinical trials. The guideline is available in English at www.oncoline.nl.
Manipulating the Incorporation of [1-<sup>14</sup>C]Acetate into Different Leaf Glycerolipids in Several Plant Species (1982)

During short term labeling of expanding leaves of seven plant species with 11-"4Clacetate, 35 to 64% of the label incorporated into lipids was found in phosphatidyicholine and 5 to 24% in phosphatidy4gycerol. In pmpk, sunflower, broad bean, and maize, only4to 12% of the label was found in diacylgalactosylglycerol, but in tomato, parsley, and spinach, the proportion was 17 to 31%. The latter group was further distinguished by having diacylgalactosylglycerol containing C16:3.
The Internet of Things and Big Data: A Litmus Test for Extension? (2016)

The Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data are radically changing the face of human activity, from driving our cars to preparing our food to managing our health. Billions of connections between machines and people will be directly tied to areas of life skills that Extension cares about. Can Extension gauge the impact of IoT and Big Data? How will Extension respond to the challenge of these technologies? What new skills should be included in Extension position descriptions? What organizational policies, support, and infrastructure will be needed? Will Extension proactively develop new organizational skills and programming relevant to digitally connected clients?
Pharmacological chaperone therapy for Gaucher disease: a patent review (2011)

While the significance of PCT remains a matter of debate, the great interest gathered regarding it in a relatively few years reflects its broad potential scope, well beyond GD. The fact that pharmacological chaperones can be designed to cross the blood brain barrier (BBB) make them candidates for the treatment of neuronopathic forms of GD that are not responsive to ERT. Combined therapies offer even broader possibilities that deserve to be fully explored.
New precision wideband direction finding antenna (2001)

A new wideband precision direction finding antenna is introduced. A 7-element printed log-periodic dipole array antenna is modified to become a direction finding antenna by bending it into a cylindrical structure. This antenna is extremely simple and there is no need for a matching network for wideband operation. Cardioid radiation patterns are obtained and presented.
Lubricants from Mixed Pentaerythritol Esters of 2-Ethylhexanoic and Isostearic Acids (1971)

A mixed pentaerythritol ester composed of 25 mole percent 2-ethylhexanoic and 75 mole percent of isostearic acid substituents was synthesized and characterized. By means of the synthetic and analytical procedures developed, this mixed ester can be prepared in a highly reproducible manner. Oxidation and thermal stabilities, corrosivity, and wetting characteristics are reported. The ester is of interest in instrument and bearing applications where a viscous lubricant having excellent low-temperature properties is required.
Acute Pulmonary Embolism: Sensitivity and Specificity of Ventilation-Perfusion Scintigraphy in PIOPED II Study (2008)

In a population similar to that in PIOPED II, results of V/Q scintigraphy can be diagnostically definitive in a majority of patients; thus, it can be considered an appropriate pulmonary imaging procedure in patients for whom CT angiography may be disadvantageous.
Editorial: The Use of Force Against Iraq (2003)

Editorial: The Use of Force Against Iraq Get access N.D. White, N.D. White Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar E.P.J. Myjer E.P.J. Myjer Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Conflict and Security Law, Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2003, Pages 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/8.1.1 Published: 01 March 2003
Serum copper and zinc levels at diagnosis and hepatocellular carcinoma survival in the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort (2018)

Copper and zinc are essential micronutrients, whose imbalance may be involved in the development and progression of cancer. However, the role of copper and/or zinc imbalance in the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently unclear. Our objective was to investigate the association between serum levels of copper, zinc and their ratio (copper/zinc) at diagnosis with HCC survival. We included 989 patients with incident HCC in this prospective cohort study, who were enrolled in the Guangdong Liver Cancer Cohort (GLCC) study within 30 days of diagnosis between September 2013 and February 2017. Serum copper and zinc were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Primary outcomes were liver cancer-specific survival (LCSS) and overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the multivariable hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Higher serum copper levels were strongly associated with worse LCSS (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 1.87, 95% CI: 1.22-2.86; p < 0.01 for trend) and OS (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.36-3.11; p < 0.01 for trend). The calculated copper/zinc ratio was positively associated with LCSS (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 1.31, 95% CI: 0.89-1.92; P = 0.04 for trend) and OS (Q4 vs. Q1: HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 0.99-2.08; P = 0.01 for trend). No overall associations were observed between serum zinc levels and LCSS or OS in the entire cohort. The results suggest that higher serum copper and copper in relation to zinc levels (i.e., higher copper/zinc ratio) may be associated with worse HCC survival, but serum zinc levels may be not associated with HCC survival.
<i>In vitro</i> display technologies reveal novel biopharmaceutics (2006)

Display technologies are fundamental to the isolation of specific high-affinity binding proteins for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer, neurodegenerative, and infectious diseases as well as autoimmune and inflammatory disorders. Applications extend into the broad field of antibody (Ab) engineering, synthetic enzymes, proteomics, and cell-free protein synthesis. Recently, in vitro display technologies have come to prominence due to the isolation of high-affinity human antibodies by phage display, the development of novel scaffolds for ribosome display, and the discovery of novel protein-protein interactions. In vitro display represents an emerging and innovative technology for the rapid isolation and evolution of high-affinity peptides and proteins. So far, only one clinical drug candidate produced by in vitro display technology has been approved by the FDA for use in humans, but several are in clinical or preclinical testing. This review highlights recent advances in various engineered biopharmaceutical products isolated by in vitro display with a focus on the commercial developments.
Gene Transfer with AAV9-PHP.B Rescues Hearing in a Mouse Model of Usher Syndrome 3A and Transduces Hair Cells in a Non-human Primate (2018)

Hereditary hearing loss often results from mutation of genes expressed by cochlear hair cells. Gene addition using AAV vectors has shown some efficacy in mouse models, but clinical application requires two additional advances. First, new AAV capsids must mediate efficient transgene expression in both inner and outer hair cells of the cochlea. Second, to have the best chance of clinical translation, these new vectors must also transduce hair cells in non-human primates. Here, we show that an AAV9 capsid variant, PHP.B, produces efficient transgene expression of a GFP reporter in both inner and outer hair cells of neonatal mice. We show also that AAV9-PHP.B mediates almost complete transduction of inner and outer HCs in a non-human primate. In a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 3A deafness (gene <i>CLRN1</i>), we use AAV9-PHP.B encoding <i>Clrn1</i> to partially rescue hearing. Thus, we have identified a vector with promise for clinical treatment of hereditary hearing disorders, and we demonstrate, for the first time, viral transduction of the inner ear of a primate with an AAV vector.
Reaction of analyte ions with neutral chemical ionization gas (1992)

Analytical Chemistry Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA Ion-molecule reactions of neutral methane with analyte ions under normal methane chemical ionization conditions are discussed. Reactant ions can be generated by direct electron ionization (EI) fragmentation, chemical ionization (CI) fragmentation, or collision-induced dissociation (CID). Examples in which products of such reactions appear in mass spectra in both conventional CI sources in "beam" instruments and low pressure CI in a quadrupole ion trap are presented. Also shown is an example in which MS/MS product ions react with neutral methane used for CI in an ion trap. It is shown that it is relatively straightforward to recognize such reactions in a quadrupole ion trap and in certain cases to minimize or preclude them. Effects of various operating parameters have been investigated and are discussed.
Effects of zeranol on reproduction in beef bulls: luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and testosterone secretion in response to gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin. (1987)

Effects of zeranol on the maturation of the adenohypophyseal-gonadal axis were studied in beef bulls. Calves were implanted with 36 mg of zeranol at 3-month intervals from birth through 6 months of age (group 2, n = 10) or were not treated (control group 1, n = 10). After 9 months, group-2 calves were given implants of 36 mg of zeranol at 3-month intervals through 18 months of age (group 2B, n = 5) or were not reimplanted (group 2A, n = 5). Areas under the curves outlined by concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), and testosterone for 6 hours after the administration of 100 micrograms of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were calculated. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone was administered at 3-month intervals from 1.5 through 19.5 months of age. Areas under the curves for concentrations of testosterone for 4 hours after the administration of 10,000 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) at 4.5, 7.5, and 10.5 months or 1,000 IU at 13.5 and 16.5 months of age also were calculated. The amount of FSH released was greater (P less than 0.05) for group-2 than for group-1 calves at 4.5 and 7.5 months of age. The amount of FSH released in groups 2A and 2B tended (P less than 0.10) to be greater than that for group 1. Significant differences between groups 2A and 2B were not observed. The amount of LH released at 7.5 months of age was less for groups 1 and 2 than that at earlier ages, and the decrease was greater (P less than 0.05) for group 2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Programmable low-cost DNA-based platform for viral RNA detection (2020)

Detection of viruses is critical for controlling disease spread. Recent emerging viral threats, including Zika virus, Ebola virus, and SARS-CoV-2 responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) highlight the cost and difficulty in responding rapidly. To address these challenges, we develop a platform for low-cost and rapid detection of viral RNA with DNA nanoswitches that mechanically reconfigure in response to specific viruses. Using Zika virus as a model system, we show nonenzymatic detection of viral RNA with selective and multiplexed detection between related viruses and viral strains. For clinical-level sensitivity in biological fluids, we paired the assay with sample preparation using either RNA extraction or isothermal preamplification. Our assay requires minimal laboratory infrastructure and is adaptable to other viruses, as demonstrated by quickly developing DNA nanoswitches to detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva. Further development and field implementation will improve our ability to detect emergent viral threats and ultimately limit their impact.
Quantifying the benefit of configurability in circuit-switched WDM ring networks (2002)

We attempt to characterize the gain in traffic capacity that a reconfigurable network offers over a fixed topology network. We define the gain as the ratio of the maximum offered loads that the two systems can support for a given blocking probability. We develop a system model to analytically predict the blocking probability for both the fixed and reconfigurable systems. This model is different from previous models developed to analyze the blocking probability in WDM networks in that it accounts for a port limitation at the nodes. We study high-bandwidth calls, where each call requires an entire wavelength. We find that reconfigurability offers a substantial performance improvement, particularly when the number of available wavelengths significantly exceeds the number of ports per node. In this case, we find that the gain approaches a factor of N/2 over a fixed topology unidirectional ring, and N/4 over a fixed topology bi-directional ring (where N is the number of nodes in the ring). We validate our model via simulation, and we find that it agrees strongly with the simulation results, particularly for a large number of ports per node. We also obtain upper and lower bounds on capacity for various ring topologies that give additional insight into the benefits of configurability.
Modeling of Oxygen Uptake in Perfluorocarbon Emulsions (1996)

The use of perfluorocarbons emulsified in water as blood substitutes (artificial blood), is well known. Although considerable research has been devoted to the study of stability, toxicity, and gas solubility properties of these emulsions, there is no quantitative guide to the oxygen transport behavior in such emulsions, especially with reference to this transport process in actual blood. This paper describes a mathematical model from which the oxygen flux into a straight, cylindrical tube carrying a perfluorocarbon emulsion may be computed. The solutions to the proposed model can be adapted to that for a capillary or for a single tube in a blood oxygenator. The rates of oxygen transfer, so obtained, have been compared with analogous transfer rates that can be achieved in natural blood flowing under identical conditions. Therefore, the minimal solubilization capacity for oxygen required of a perfluorocarbon emulsion can be estimated on a quantitative basis. The modeling approach used in this study is based on the well tested theory of mass transfer in microheterogeneous media reported in the chemical engineering literature.ASAIO Journal1996;42:181-189.
Vision-Based Concrete Crack Detection Using a Convolutional Neural Network (2017)

The prominent methods for monitoring structures to date rely on analyzing data measured from contact sensors that are physically attached to a structure. However, these approaches have the high possibility of false alarms due to noises, sensor malfunctions, and complex environmental effects. Under those circumstances, engineers have to conduct on-site investigations to confirm that damage has occurred. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a new vision-based approach for detecting concrete cracks using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Images are firstly taken under uncontrolled situations to collect widely varying crack features. Second, the raw images are divided into 40K images to build training and validation sets. Lastly, the prepared datasets are fed into a deep CNN architecture with eight layers including convolution, pooling, ReLU, and softmax. The trained classifier consequently records 98% of accuracies in both training and validation.
Hedging Cross-Currency and Interest-Rate Exposures Under FAS 138 (2001)

Prior to the release of FASB Statement 138, Accounting for Certain Derivative Instruments and Certain Hedging Activities, most U.S. corporations had difficulty hedging real economic interest-rate and cross-currency exposures under then-existing FAS 133 guidelines. With the adoption of FAS 138, the FASB agreed to allow the use of cross-currency interest-rate swaps to hedge foreign-currency-denominated debt liabilities as either fair value hedges or cash flow hedges, and also amended the definition of the “benchmark interest rate” to include rates based on LIBOR for interest-rate swaps. These two important changes offered entities complying with FAS 133 both preserved access to international capital markets and hedge accounting treatment that should reduce earnings volatility and thereby preserve corporate equity values.
Controlled release antibiotics for dry powder lung delivery (2010)

The potential for antibiotic therapy, and specifically CR antibiotic therapy using dry powder inhalers, provides a promising route for the treatment of pulmonary infection.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Bombesin Analogues Conjugated to Two Different Triazolyl‐Derived Chelators for <sup>99m</sup>Tc Labeling (2010)

Overexpression of the gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) in a variety of human carcinomas has provided a means of diagnosis and treatment. Previously we reported a metabolically stable (N(α)His)Ac-βAla-βAla-[Cha(13),Nle(14)]BBS(7-14) analogue with high affinity for the GRPR. We have also shown that the biodistribution pattern of this fairly lipophilic, radiolabeled peptide can be enhanced by glycation, which is easily carried out by Cu(I)-catalyzed cycloaddition. Herein, we further elaborate this "click approach" in the synthesis of a new series of triazole-based chelating systems as alternatives to the (N(α)His)Ac chelator for labeling with the (99m)Tc(CO)(3) core. The bombesin analogues, containing these new chelating systems, were evaluated with regard to their synthesis and in vitro and in vivo properties, and were compared with their (N(α)His)Ac counterparts. The influence of the chelator on biodistribution properties was less than that of glycation, which clearly improved the tumor-to-background ratios.