gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunoreactive<i>β</i>-Casomorphin-8 in Cerebrospinal Fluid From Pregnant and Lactating Women: Correlation With Plasma Levels* (1989)

We measured plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) beta-casomorphin-8, a product of beta-casein hydrolysis which has opioid activity, by RIA in women during late pregnancy and lactation and in nonpregnant nonpuerperal women. Before RIA, the samples were acidified and extracted by reverse phase silica gel chromatography, which removed most of the beta-casein. Lactating women had a significantly higher mean plasma beta-casomorphin-8 concentration (2.66 nmol/L; n = 8) than women in late pregnancy (0.82 nmol/L; n = 8) and nonpregnant women (0.32 nmol/L; n = 5). The CSF beta-casomorphin-8 concentration also was significantly higher in lactating women (mean, 0.35 nmol/L; n = 8) than during late pregnancy (0.22 nmol/L; n = 8) or in nonpregnant women (0.15 nmol/L; n = 5). A positive correlation was found between plasma and CSF beta-casomorphin-8 levels in the entire study group. The milk beta-casomorphin-8 concentration, measured in five puerperal women, averaged 19.8 nmol/L. Thus, there is a decreasing concentration gradient between milk and plasma and between plasma and CSF. Chromatographic analysis revealed mol wt heterogeneity of the RIA-active material. In CSF at least three different components were detected, two of mol wt around 900-2,000 and one of approximately 12,000. One of the low mol wt components coeluted in several chromatographic systems with synthetic beta-casomorphin-8 (mol wt, 900). Such a component was not found in milk or plasma, in which the major activity was due to larger sized peptides. The major peaks in milk were around 1,500-2,000 and 12,000 mol wt, corresponding to the larger peaks in CSF. The results suggest that fragments of the milk protein beta-casein may cross the breast parenchyma-blood barrier into plasma and subsequently penetrate the blood-brain barrier to reach the central nervous system. Thus, mammary tissue may assume endocrine function during galactopoiesis, and beta-casein could be considered a prohormone.
Building integrated photovoltaic roofing element for covered parking structures (2002)

A roll-to-roll process is used to deposit multijunction amorphous silicon alloy solar cell onto thin stainless steel substrate. By series interconnecting and vacuum laminating 22 strips of large area amorphous Si on stainless steel solar cell material, we have designed and fabricated 18 feet long and 16 inches wide large area photovoltaic laminate modules. Building integrated roofing elements are realized by bonding these large area laminates to commercially available structural standing seam metal panels. We have integrated these PV roofing elements into a covered parking structure.
Static initialization of primitive equation models on a bounded, extratropical region (1984)

Two filtered models (FM) are studied for their properties in providing initial data for primitive equation models (PEM) solved on a bounded, extratropical region. The methods are tested on actual data, and topography and friction are included. The results suggest that filtered models are powerful tools for suppressing gravity-inertia waves in the primitive equation models in cases where the horizontal normal modes are difficult to find. Inconsistencies between the initialization method and the prognostic model regarding vertical, finite differences and horizontal approximations at the lateral boundaries, may give rise to low-frequency “noise”. Inconsistent horizontal, finite differences chiefly give rise to high-frequency “noise” that can be removed by a time filtering technique.
Investigation of Developmental Toxicity and Teratogenicity of Macrolide Antibiotics in Cultured Rat Embryos (2008)

Macrolides are considered to be one of the safest anti-infective groups in clinical use, with severe adverse reactions being rare. However, there are limited data about their embryotoxicity and teratogenicity. We aimed to investigate and compare the effects of these agents on embryonic growth and development. Rat embryos were cultured in vitro for 48 h in rat serum. Whole rat serum was used as a culture medium for the control group while different concentrations of spiramycin and azithromycin (1.25-6.25 microg/ml), and clarithromycin (2.5-30 microg/ml) were added to rat serum for the experimental groups. Dose-dependent effects of macrolides on embryonic developmental parameters were compared using morphological methods. Embryos were evaluated for the presence of any malformations. After morphological examination of the embryos, total DNA was extracted from the cells using standard procedures to determine fragmentation of nuclear DNA of embryonic cells. When compared with the control embryos, the macrolides significantly decreased all growth and developmental parameters dose dependently. While clarithromycin was found to cause more developmental toxicity than spiramycin and azithromycin, azitromycin was determined to have more teratogenicity potential. Compared with controls, there was no difference regarding the fragmentation of nuclear DNA of all the agents used. According to these results, when the toxic and teratogenic potential of the used agents compared, because of the lower toxic and teratogenic effects observed with spiramycin, this agent may be preferred for parturients.
A slice-by-slice blurring model and kernel evaluation using the Klein-Nishina formula for 3D scatter compensation in parallel and converging beam SPECT (2000)

Converging collimation increases the geometric efficiency for imaging small organs, such as the heart, but also increases the difficulty of correcting for the physical effects of attenuation, geometric response and scatter in SPECT. In this paper, 3D first-order Compton scatter in non-uniform scattering media is modelled by using an efficient slice by-slice incremental blurring technique in both parallel and converging beam SPECT. The scatter projections are generated by first forming an effective scatter source image (ESSI), then forward-projecting the ESSI. The Compton scatter cross section described by the Klein-Nishina formula is used to obtain spatial scatter response functions (SSRFs) of scattering slices which are parallel to the detector surface. Two SSRFs of neighbouring scattering slices are used to compute two small orthogonal 1D blurring kernels used for the incremental blurring from the slice which is further from the detector surface to the slice which is closer to the detector surface. First-order Compton scatter point response functions (SPRFs) obtained using the proposed model agree well with those of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations for both parallel and fan beam SPECT. Image reconstruction in fan beam SPECT MC simulation studies shows increased left ventricle myocardium-to-chamber contrast (LV contrast) and slightly improved image resolution when performing scatter compensation using the proposed model. Physical torso phantom fan beam SPECT experiments show increased myocardial uniformity and image resolution as well as increased LV contrast. The proposed method efficiently models the 3D first-order Compton scatter effect in parallel and converging beam SPECT.
Predicting students’ attention in the classroom from Kinect facial and body features (2017)

This paper proposes a novel approach to automatic estimation of attention of students during lectures in the classroom. The approach uses 2D and 3D data obtained by the Kinect One sensor to build a feature set characterizing both facial and body properties of a student, including gaze point and body posture. Machine learning algorithms are used to train classifiers which estimate time-varying attention levels of individual students. Human observers’ estimation of attention level is used as a reference. The comparison of attention prediction accuracy of seven classifiers is done on a data set comprising 18 subjects. Our best person-independent three-level attention classifier achieved moderate accuracy of 0.753, comparable to results of other studies in the field of student engagement. The results indicate that Kinect-based attention monitoring system is able to predict both students’ attention over time as well as average attention levels and could be applied as a tool for non-intrusive automated analytics of the learning process.
Analysis of inorganic sulfur compounds by flame ionization detector (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of inorganic sulfur compounds by flame ionization detectorBernard Arthur. SchaeferCite this: Anal. Chem. 1970, 42, 4, 448–456Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60286a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60286a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Anomaly Detection Techniques for Web-Based Applications: An Experimental Study (2012)

The web-based applications are exposed to a large spectrum of factors that may affect their availability and performability. The mean-time-to-detect (MTTD) and the mean-time-to-repair (MTTR) are considered of utmost importance to reduce the failure impacts. In this context, the combination of multiple monitoring techniques is commonly adopted to provide IT staff with information useful for timely detection and recovery from the failures. In this paper we provide an experimental study about the detection abilities provided by the monitoring tools that are being used nowadays in web-based applications. Besides the system-level, end-to-end and container-level monitoring techniques we incorporate an application-level monitoring technique. This technique provides the detection of performance anomalies by performing a correlation analysis among application parameters collected by an aspect-oriented program. The detection latency, the number of end-users affected, the coverage analysis and the overhead achieved by each monitoring technique, was evaluated considering different anomaly scenarios. Despite the importance of the monitoring techniques complementarity, the results achieved by the application-level monitoring are very interesting: it has detected 100% of the anomaly scenarios tested, for 73% of the anomalies it was the fastest detection technique, and due to the low detection latency it contributes to reduce the number of end-users experiencing the anomalies.
Zwei Wege zu Si‐funktionellen Cyclosilazanen – Kristallstruktur des 1,3,6,8,10,12‐Hexa‐aza‐2,4,5,7,9,11‐hexasila‐dispiro[4.1.4.1]dodecan (1988)

Abstract Aminochlorsilane [RSiCl 2 NHCMe 3 , R  Cl ( 1 ), H ( 2 )] werden durch die Reaktion der Chlorsilane mit LiNHCMe 3 erhalten. HSiCl 2 N(iso‐Bu)SiMe 3 ( 3 ) entsteht in der Reaktion von HSiCl 3 mit LiN(iso‐Bu)SiMe 3 . HSiCl 3 reagiert mit LiN(CMe 3 )SiMe 3 unter LiCl‐ und Me 3 SCl‐Abspaltung zum Cyclodisilazan [(HSiClNCMe 3 ) 2 ( 4 )]. Neben C 6 H 5 SiCl 2 N(CMe 3 )SiMe 3 ( 5 ) ist C 6 H 5 SiCl 2 NHCMe 3 ( 6 ) das Hauptprodukt der Reaktion von Trichlorphenylsilan mit LiN(CMe 3 )SiMe 3 . 3 verliert thermisch Me 3 SiCl. Es entsteht das Cyclotrisilazan [(HSiClNiso‐Bu) 3 ( 7 )]. 5 verliert thermisch iso‐Butan unter Bildung von C 6 H 5 SiCl 2 NHSiMe 3 ( 8 ). 1, 2 und 6 reagieren mit n‐C 6 H 9 Li unter Butan‐ und LiCl‐Abspaltung zu den Cyclodisilazanen [(RSiClNCMe 3 ) 2 , R  H ( 4 ), Cl ( 9 ), C 6 H 5 ( 10 )]. 4 wird durch NaF zu (HFSiNCMe 3 ) 2 ( 11 ) fluoriert. Die Alkoholyse von 4 führt zur Bildung von [(H(RO)SiNCMe 3 ) 2 , R  Me ( 12 ), C 6 H 5 ( 13 )], die Aminolyse zu [(H(R 2 N)SiNCMe 3 ) 2 , R  Me ( 14 ), C 2 H 5 ( 15 )]. Nur ein Chloratom von 4 wird in der Reaktion mit H 2 NCMe 3 substituiert ( 16 ). Mit Lithium reagiert 4 zum 1,3,6,8,10,12‐Hexa‐aza‐2,4,5,7,9,11‐hexasila‐dispiro[4.1.4.1]‐dodecan ( 17 ). Die Kristallstruktur von 17 wird mitgeteilt.
Introducing difference recurrence relations for faster semi-global alignment of long sequences (2018)

Our novel algorithm and optimized library implementation will facilitate accelerating nucleotide long-read analysis algorithms that use pairwise alignment stages. The library is implemented in the C programming language and available at https://github.com/ocxtal/libgaba .
From bed to bench: Which attitude towards the laboratory liver tests should health care practitioners strike? (2007)

There is a general consensus in re-interpreting the so-called liver function tests in the light of novel discoveries. At the same time, recent evidence favours the use of different laboratory data to assess liver damage, fibrosis or regenerative process, but this point is not always shared. Actually, balancing the need for diagnosis, prognostic evaluation and therapy response of liver disease with a good cost/benefit ratio is very difficult. New tests are probably not needed but the aim should be for better utilization of existing tests to contain the increasing cost of health care.
Novel approaches in the management of refractory celiac disease (2008)

Celiac disease is a gluten-sensitive enteropathy, which commits the patient to a life-long gluten-free diet. This is sufficient to treat the overwhelming majority of patients. However, a small group of these patients, mainly those diagnosed above 50 years of age, fails to improve histologically and clinically upon elimination of gluten from the diet. These patients are regarded as suffering from refractory celiac disease. In a subgroup of these patients a pre-malignant intraepithelial lymphocyte population can be detected in the small intestinal mucosa (type II). These patients are at a high risk of developing an enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (50-60% within 4-6 years), which has a very poor prognosis and a 5-year survival of only 8%. The therapeutic challenge in these refractory celiac disease type II patients is targeting the aberrant intraepithelial lymphocytes to eventually prevent enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma development. Although management of these patients is difficult and therapeutic options are currently limited, novel treatment modalities are being explored.
Sensor powering with integrated MOS compatible solar cell array (2006)

Distributed sensor networks are a fast developing scenario. Ambient assisted living (AAL) is among those scenarios, with ever-growing importance among developed countries with aging population. The smallest components of these systems are the chip size sensors that have embedded sensing, data processing and transmitting capabilities. A strong need is arising to develop integrated means of powering these sensors. Our paper investigates requirements against chips and powering issues and proposes a sample MOS technology compatible array of solar cells integrated on the same wafer as the integrated circuit. The aim of this design is to help to the development of "pin free" autonomous sensor packages
X Inactivation, Female Mosaicism, and Sex Differences in Renal Diseases (2008)

A good deal of sex differences in kidney disease is attributable to sex differences in the function of genes on the X chromosome. Males are uniquely vulnerable to mutations in their single copy of X-linked genes, whereas females are often mosaic, having a mixture of cells expressing different sets of X-linked genes. This cellular mosaicism created by X inactivation in females is most often advantageous, protecting carriers of X-linked mutations from the severe clinical manifestations seen in males. Even subtle differences in expression of many of the 1100 X-linked genes may contribute to sex differences in the clinical expression of renal diseases.
Synthesis and evaluation of benzoyl containing compounds as potential anti-cancer agents (2020)

Seen as one of the major causes of death worldwide, Cancer requires the development of effective treatments in order to combat the disease. However, pharmaceutical companies are faced by the challenge of finding and developing a suitable compound that can override the barriers of the human body and operate effectively in its pharmacological properties. \nThe research conducted in this investigation looks at a naturally occurring compound, Dibenzoyl methane (DBM), its derivatives, and a few additional synthesised compounds with similar chemical properties and their unique activities demonstrated. DBM and its derivatives are classified as β-diketones and were synthesised using two different chemical schemes; the Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement and the Claisen acylation.\nIn comparison to this, a recently discovered synthetic class of compounds, N-benzoyl-N’-phenylurea and derivatives were also studied during the period of this investigation. The cytotoxicity of the drug candidates was determined on live mammalian cell lines including HepG2, HeLa and HCT 116 amongst a few supplementary cell lines using the MTT assay. In addition since the final stage of a potential drug compound is associated with the mechanisms of a human body, pharmacological factors such as stability within plasma and metabolic stability were measured. These are responsible for measuring the degradation of the compound over time and looking at the ability of the liver to remove the administered drug respectively. The data was collected and appropriately converted to be plotted and analysed to assess the efficacy of the drug candidates as potential anti-cancer agents
Interactive and Dynamic Content in Software Repositories (1997)

Software repositories have traditionally provided access to software resources for particular communities of users within speci c domains. For example, our Netlib 1 [6] and GAMS 2 [4] repositories provide access to collections of mathematical software, while our National HPCC Software Exchange (NHSE) 3 [5] provides access to high performance computing resources. The growth of the World Wide Web has created new opportunities for expanding the scope of discipline-oriented repositories, for reaching a wider community of users, and for expanding the types of services o ered. Reaching a wider community of users has created a need for increased automated assistance in locating appropriate resources and in understanding and making use of these resources. The goal of our software repository research is to improve access to tools for doing computational science for both expert and non-expert users. We are exploring the use of emerging Web and network technologies for enhancing repository usability and interactivity. Technologies such asJava, Inferno/Limbo, and remote execution services can interactively assist users in searching for, selecting, and using scienti c software and computational tools. This paper describes various related prototype experimental interfaces and services we have developed for traversing a software classi cation hierarchy, for selection of software and test problems, and for remote execution of library software. After developing and testing our research prototypes, we deploy
Speeding-up Convolutional Neural Networks Using Fine-tuned CP-Decomposition (2014)

We propose a simple two-step approach for speeding up convolution layers within large convolutional neural networks based on tensor decomposition and discriminative fine-tuning. Given a layer, we use non-linear least squares to compute a low-rank CP-decomposition of the 4D convolution kernel tensor into a sum of a small number of rank-one tensors. At the second step, this decomposition is used to replace the original convolutional layer with a sequence of four convolutional layers with small kernels. After such replacement, the entire network is fine-tuned on the training data using standard backpropagation process. We evaluate this approach on two CNNs and show that it is competitive with previous approaches, leading to higher obtained CPU speedups at the cost of lower accuracy drops for the smaller of the two networks. Thus, for the 36-class character classification CNN, our approach obtains a 8.5x CPU speedup of the whole network with only minor accuracy drop (1% from 91% to 90%). For the standard ImageNet architecture (AlexNet), the approach speeds up the second convolution layer by a factor of 4x at the cost of $1\%$ increase of the overall top-5 classification error.
Sialic acid content of infant saliva: comparison of breast fed with formula fed infants (1997)

Sialic acid is found in especially high concentrations in brain gangliosides, and supplementary sialic acid is associated with increased learning behaviour in animals. It was hypothesised that breast fed infants may have higher concentrations of sialic acid in body fluids and tissues because human milk is a rich source of sialylated oligosaccharides, while formulas contain very little. The aim therefore was to compare the sialic acid content of saliva collected from full term infants who were either solely breast fed or formula fed until weaning at 3-5 months of age. Thirty three infants, 18 breast fed and 15 formula fed, were studied at a mean (SD) age of 5 (2) months. The breast fed infants, when compared with formula fed infants, were found to have almost two times more free sialic acid in saliva (mean (SE) 16.0 (2.7) v 8.2 (2.1) mg/l, p < 0.036) and nearly 50% more total sialic acid (47.3 (3.9) v 32.2 (4.4) mg/l, p < 0.014). The findings provide a preliminary indication that an exogenous source of sialic acids derived from human milk may contribute to higher concentrations of sialic acid in body fluids. There are important implications for the formulation of human milk substitutes.
Automatic Detecting Neutral Face for Face Authentication and Facial Expression Analysis (2003)

Automatic detecting neutral faces will improve the accuracy of face recognition/authentication, speaker ID analysis, and make it is possible to do facial expression analysis automatically. This paper describes an automatic system to find neutral faces in images by using location and shape features. Using these features, a window is placed in the detected and normalized face region. In that fashion, zones in this window correspond to facial regions that are loosely invariant from subject to subject. Within these zones, shape features in the form of histograms and ellipses are extracted. These features, in addition to more global distance measures, are input to a classifier to arrive at a neutral/non-neutral decision. The system has achieved an average detection rate of 97.2% based on 536 test images of 24 subjects. Tests on an independent image database of 64 images of 13 subjects achieved success rate of 95.3%, giving some indication of the robustness of the system.
Use of grape seeds tannins as emulsion stabilisers (2010)

Food and non-food valorization of vegetable oils is traditionally done in organic solvents, at high temperature, at drastic pHs, leading to the production of non eco-friendly wastes. Enzymatic reactions in emulsions are an interesting alternative, but as water and oil are immiscible, interfaces are created and have to be stabilized. As a consequence, the specific surface area of lipids exposed to oxygen is drastically increased, and thus lipids are more easily oxidized. Our first goal was to evaluate if grape seed tannins were fair candidates in protection of lipids against oxidation. It appeared that tannins can also be used as emulsion stabilizers.