gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised Time Series Extraction from Controller Area Network Payloads (2018)

This paper introduces a method for unsupervised tokenization of Controller Area Network (CAN) data payloads using bit level transition analysis and a greedy grouping strategy. The primary goal of this proposal is to extract individual time series which have been concatenated together before transmission onto a vehicle's CAN bus. This process is necessary because the documentation for how to properly extract data from a network may not always be available; passenger vehicle CAN configurations are protected as trade secrets. At least one major manufacturer has also been found to deliberately misconfigure their documented extraction methods. Thus, this proposal serves as a critical enabler for robust third-party security auditing and intrusion detection systems which do not rely on manufacturers sharing confidential information.
Improving CAR T-Cell Persistence (2021)

Over the last decade remarkable progress has been made in enhancing the efficacy of CAR T therapies. However, the clinical benefits are still limited, especially in solid tumors. Even in hematological settings, patients that respond to CAR T therapies remain at risk of relapsing due to several factors including poor T-cell expansion and lack of long-term persistence after adoptive transfer. This issue is even more evident in solid tumors, as the tumor microenvironment negatively influences the survival, infiltration, and activity of T-cells. Limited persistence remains a significant hindrance to the development of effective CAR T therapies due to several determinants, which are encountered from the cell manufacturing step and onwards. CAR design and ex vivo manipulation, including culture conditions, may play a pivotal role. Moreover, previous chemotherapy and lymphodepleting treatments may play a relevant role. In this review, the main causes for decreased persistence of CAR T-cells in patients will be discussed, focusing on the molecular mechanisms underlying T-cell exhaustion. The approaches taken so far to overcome these limitations and to create exhaustion-resistant T-cells will be described. We will also examine the knowledge gained from several key clinical trials and highlight the molecular mechanisms determining T-cell stemness, as promoting stemness may represent an attractive approach to improve T-cell therapies.
Mannan‐Binding Lectin Deficiency is Associated with Unexplained Recurrent Miscarriage (1999)

Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a plasma protein which, upon binding to microbial carbohydrate structures, elicits activation of the complement system. The level of MBL is genetically determined. It has been reported that the frequency of low plasma levels of MBL is increased in patients with unexplained recurrent miscarriages (RM). In the present study plasma MBL levels were determined in 146 Danish women with RM and 41 of their husbands together with 49 Scottish RM women and 41 of their husbands. In both countries MBL levels were also investigated in a total of 444 controls. Based on the control data, a cut-off MBL level < 50 ng/ml was selected to define MBL deficiency. The typical odds ratio for MBL deficiency among female patients in the two populations was 1.68 (95% confidence limits 1.01-2.80, P<0.05) whereas it was 1.57 (95% confidence limits 0.72-3.42, not significant) for the male partners of the patients. There was a significant correlation between the frequency of MBL deficiency in RM women and the number of previous miscarriages (P < 0.01), whereas no such correlation was found in the husbands. The results indicate that maternal MBL deficiency is associated with RM. Maternal MBL deficiency might impair the immune defence against microorganisms at the feto-maternal interface.
Effect of Specimen Collection and Storage on Blood Glucose and Lactate Concentrations in Healthy, Hyperthyroid and Diabetic Cats (2000)

The objective of this study was to compare and investigate differences in glucose and lactate concentrations in sodium fluoride/potassium oxalate (NaF/Ox) plasma and serum in healthy cats and cats with metabolic disease. Glucose and lactate concentrations were determined in routinely processed serum and NaF/Ox plasma obtained from healthy (n=30), hyperthyroid (n=27) and diabetic (n=30) cats, and in samples from 6 healthy cats stored at 25 degrees C or 4 degrees C for 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 hours. The packed cell volume (PCV) of blood collected in NaF/Ox was compared with that of blood collected in EDTA. Mean glucose concentration was significantly (P<.05) lower in NaF/Ox plasma than in serum in all groups of cats, by 0.7-2.5 mmol/L (11-45 mg/dL); the difference was greater in hyperthyroid and diabetic cats. In vitro, only serum stored on the clot for >/= 1 hour at 25 degrees C had significantly lower glucose and higher lactate concentrations. The PCV of NaF/Ox-anticoagulated blood was lower that that of EDTA-anticoagulated blood, by 7.0% +/- 1.4% (P<.01). In conclusion, collection of feline blood in NaF/Ox was necessary to prevent in vitro increases in lactate concentration; however, NaF/Ox artifactually decreased plasma glucose concentration because of RBC shrinkage. The PCV should not be determined on blood collected in NaF/Ox.
MHC class II‐associated proteins in B‐cell exosomes and potential functional implications for exosome biogenesis (2010)

Professional antigen-presenting cells secrete major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC II) carrying exosomes with unclear physiological function(s). Exosomes are first generated as the intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) of a specific type of multivesicular body, and are then secreted by fusion of this compartment with the plasma membrane. We have previously shown that in contrast to the sorting of MHC II at lysosomally targeted multivesicular bodies, sorting of MHC II into exosomes does not rely on MHC II ubiquitination. In search for proteins that drive the incorporation of MHC II into exosomes or functionally discriminate exosomal from plasma membrane MHC II, we first analyzed the total proteome of highly purified B cell-derived exosomes using sensitive and accurate mass spectrometry (MS), and identified 539 proteins, including known and not previously identified constituents. Using quantitative MS, we then identified a small subset of proteins that were specifically co-immunoprecipitated with MHC II from detergent-solubilized exosomes. These include HSC71, HSP90, 14-3-3ɛ, CD20 and pyruvate kinase type M2 (PKM2), and we speculate on the functionality of their interaction with exosomal MHC II.
Check-list of birds of the world 2nd edition. Volume VIII. Tyrannidae,Pipridae,Cotingidae,Oxyruncidae,Phytotomidae,Pittidae,Philepittidae,Acanthisittidae,Menuridae,Atrichornithidae (1979)

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Biochemical Analysis of Replication Factor C from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon<i>Pyrococcus furiosus</i> (2001)

Replication factor C (RFC) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) are accessory proteins essential for processive DNA synthesis in the domain Eucarya. The function of RFC is to load PCNA, a processivity factor of eukaryotic DNA polymerases delta and epsilon, onto primed DNA templates. RFC-like genes, arranged in tandem in the Pyrococcus furiosus genome, were cloned and expressed individually in Escherichia coli cells to determine their roles in DNA synthesis. The P. furiosus RFC (PfuRFC) consists of a small subunit (RFCS) and a large subunit (RFCL). Highly purified RFCS possesses an ATPase activity, which was stimulated up to twofold in the presence of both single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and P. furiosus PCNA (PfuPCNA). The ATPase activity of PfuRFC itself was as strong as that of RFCS. However, in the presence of PfuPCNA and ssDNA, PfuRFC exhibited a 10-fold increase in ATPase activity under the same conditions. RFCL formed very large complexes by itself and had an extremely weak ATPase activity, which was not stimulated by PfuPCNA and DNA. The PfuRFC stimulated PfuPCNA-dependent DNA synthesis by both polymerase I and polymerase II from P. furiosus. We propose that PfuRFC is required for efficient loading of PfuPCNA and that the role of RFC in processive DNA synthesis is conserved in Archaea and Eucarya.
Structure and function of <i>Buthus eupeus</i> scorpion neurotoxins (1981)

Abstract At present the investigation of the complex mechanism of the signal conductance between nerve cells and their target organ is closely connected with application of neurotoxins as a valuable tool for study of important sites involved in nerve transmission. Particular interest is attributed to neurotoxins from scorpion venoms which slow down the inactivation rate of fast sodium channels of the excitable membrane. Fifteen different toxins have been isolated from Buthus eupeus scorpion venom by means of the combination of gel and ion exchange chromatography. The homologous insectotoxins I 1 , I 3 , I 4 , and I 5 belong to the new structural type of scorpion toxins. The essential features of these toxins are low molecular weight (ca. 4000) and the presence of two or three methionine residues in their amino acid compositions. The complete amino acid sequences of two insectotoxins and one mammalian toxin have been estimated. All mammalian neurotoxins in concentration from 10 −9 M to 10 −7 M slow down the inactivation rate of fast sodium channels. The direct covalent binding of photosensitive radioactive neurotoxin derivatives presents one of the most effective approaches to the localization of the functionally important components of the fast sodium channels. Thus far 2,4‐dinitro‐5‐fluorophenylazide has been used for chemical modification of the mammalian neurotoxin M 10 . The prepared monosubstituted photosensitive neurotoxin derivative possessed a high biological activity according to the voltage clamp data. The neurotoxin derivative has been iodinated by 125 I, the resulted product being both radioactively and photoaffinity labeled. Both native neurotoxin M 10 and sea anemone toxin competitively inhibit the reception of the scorpion toxin derivative by rat brain synaptosomes. It was shown that covalent toxin‐receptor complexes are composed of two protein components with molecular weights 76,000 and 51,000, being near equal for synaptosomes, neuroblastoma cells, and crab nerve plasma membranes.
Tuning of control loops for grid connected voltage source converters (2008)

Traditional tuning techniques like modulus optimum or symmetrical optimum can be applied to the design of control loops for many power electronic applications. When directly implemented in digital control systems, this will lead to reduced stability margins since the sampling effects are not taken into account for the controller design. This paper is investigating a method for obtaining discrete time equivalents to the traditional tuning techniques and shows the application of the obtained criteria to the control loops of a grid connected voltage source converter. A bilinear transform from the discrete time z-domain to a virtual frequency w-domain is utilized to obtain the discrete time tuning criteria. By this, similar derivations as for obtaining the traditional continuous time criteria can be carried out to obtain equivalent analytical criteria that are valid for design of discrete time controllers. The results are applied to both continuous time and discrete time controllers of the presented example, to discuss the influence of the sampling effects on the controller performance.
A Bovine Low Molecular Weight Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Fraction (1982)

A low MW bone morphogenetic protein fraction (BMP) is quantitatively extracted from bovine bone matrix by an inorganic-organic CaCl2-urea solvent mixture and fractionated by ion exchange and gel chromatography. The BMP fraction induces differentiation of perivascular mesenchymal type cells into cartilage and bone inside the mouse's thigh, outside of double walled diffusion chamber, in muscle pouches in the rabbit anterior abdominal wall, and in 0.8 cm trephine defects in the rat's skull. Bovine BMP may consist of electrophoretic components ranging from 12 K to 30 K in MW. The main components correspond to a MW of 23 K, 18 K and 12 K when they are compared with the mobilities of standard proteins. Because it was invariably present in all of the fractions with osteoinductive activity, circumstantial evidence leads to a 17 to 18 K component for a BMP. The possibility of a diameter monomer system for BMP activity also warrants consideration. The polypeptide portion constitutes only about 80% to 85% of the dry weight of the mixture of the three electrophoretic components, and suggests that the BMP fraction contains glycoproteins. Characteristically, glycoproteins migrate anomalously on SDS gels and create doubt about whether the major bands represent true MW. Nevertheless, the data clearly point to the low MW protein fractions for the direction of future work on BMP.
Diurnal rhythm of serum melatonin, ACTH and cortisol in asthma patients with long term glucocorticoid treatment. (1997)

Forty one patients (21 women and 20 men aged 35 to 45 years), with bronchial asthma were divided into two groups: those treated with glucocorticoids (with an equivalent daily dose of 8 mg prednisone) and those receiving no glucocorticoid preparations. The control group consisted of 27 healthy volunteers. The diurnal rhythm of serum melatonin, ACTH and cortisol was evaluated in all subjects. It was found that the dysfunction and reduced reactivity of the pituitary-adrenal axis in asthmatics receiving chronic glucocorticotherapy was accompanied by suppressed melatonin rhythm.
Lean yet resilient - designing for the future (2020)

Caroline Field explores the relationship between ‘lean’ and ‘resilient’ design, and discusses how future designs should evaluate risks and incorporate strategies to mitigate and adapt to these.
Interaction of <scp><i>MC1R</i></scp> and <scp><i>PMEL</i></scp> alleles on solid coat colors in <scp>H</scp>ighland cattle (2012)

Six solid colors occur in Highland cattle: black, dun, silver dun and red, yellow, and white. These six coat colors are explained by a non-epistatic interaction of the genotypes at the MC1R and PMEL genes. A three base pair deletion in the PMEL gene leading to the deletion of a leucine from the signal peptide is observed in dilute-colored Highland cattle (c.50_52delTTC, p.Leu18del). The mutant PMEL allele acts in a semi-dominant manner. Dun Galloway cattle also have one copy of the deletion allele, and silver dun Galloway cattle have two copies. The presence of two adjacent leucine residues at the site of this deletion is highly conserved in human, horse, mouse and chicken as well as in cattle with undiluted coat colors. Highland and Galloway cattle thus exhibit a similar dose-dependent dilution effect based on the number of PMEL :c.50_51delTTC alleles, as Charolais cattle with PMEL :c.64G>A alleles. The PMEL :c.64G>A allele was not found in Highland or Galloway cattle.
A GSM Baseband Radio in 0.13&#x003BC;m CMOS with Fully Integrated Power-Management (2007)

A GSM-compliant baseband radio with integrated power-management unit (PMU) is fabricated in a 0.13μm CMOS process. Challenges due to additional integration of the PMU, including electrical and thermal cross-coupling and high-voltage requirements are addressed.
Formation and Characterization of Novel Organodisilicate Glasses (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation and Characterization of Novel Organodisilicate GlassesPatrick J. Barrie, Stuart W. Carr, Duan Li Ou, and Alice C. SullivanCite this: Chem. Mater. 1995, 7, 2, 265–270Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00050a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00050a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-precision positioning of a mechanism with nonlinear friction using a fuzzy logic pulse controller (2000)

A new approach to very accurate positioning of mechanical devices with nonlinear (stick-slip) friction is presented in this paper. The proposed controller applies narrow torque pulses to move a mechanism to a desired position despite nonlinear friction. The pulse shapes generated by the controller are computed using a fuzzy logic approximation of the dependence between the desired displacement and the torque pulse shape. The closed-loop stability conditions for the proposed controller are derived taking into consideration a random variation of friction. A detailed experimental study of the system response to different torque pulse shapes and a detailed controller design are presented for a direct-drive mechanism. In the experiments it was demonstrated that the proposed controller achieves positioning accuracy which is within the limits of the position encoder resolution.
FoodChain-Lab: A Trace-Back and Trace-Forward Tool Developed and Applied during Food-Borne Disease Outbreak Investigations in Germany and Europe (2016)

FoodChain-Lab is modular open-source software for trace-back and trace-forward analysis in food-borne disease outbreak investigations. Development of FoodChain-Lab has been driven by a need for appropriate software in several food-related outbreaks in Germany since 2011. The software allows integrated data management, data linkage, enrichment and visualization as well as interactive supply chain analyses. Identification of possible outbreak sources or vehicles is facilitated by calculation of tracing scores for food-handling stations (companies or persons) and food products under investigation. The software also supports consideration of station-specific cross-contamination, analysis of geographical relationships, and topological clustering of the tracing network structure. FoodChain-Lab has been applied successfully in previous outbreak investigations, for example during the 2011 EHEC outbreak and the 2013/14 European hepatitis A outbreak. The software is most useful in complex, multi-area outbreak investigations where epidemiological evidence may be insufficient to discriminate between multiple implicated food products. The automated analysis and visualization components would be of greater value if trading information on food ingredients and compound products was more easily available.
Crackles: recording, analysis and clinical significance (1995)

Crackles are short interrupted breath sounds usually associated with pulmonary disorders. According to present opinion, a crackle is generated when an abnormally closed airway opens during inspiration or closes at the end of expiration. The timing of crackles in breathing cycles can be assessed with phonopneumography, their duration with time-expanded waveform analysis, and their pitch with analysis of frequency spectra. The timing, pitch and waveform of crackles are different in pulmonary disorders reflecting different pulmonary pathophysiology. This review deals with the genesis, auscultation, recording and analysis of crackles, with an emphasis on modern signal-processing methods.
Development of ZMYM2‐FGFR1 driven AML in human CD34+ cells in immunocompromised mice (2016)

Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) has an overall poor survival rate and shows considerable molecular heterogeneity in its etiology. In the WHO classification there are >50 cytogenetic subgroups of AML, many showing highly specific chromosome translocations that lead to constitutive activation of individual kinases. In a rare stem cell leukemia/lymphoma syndrome, translocations involving 8p11 lead to constitutive activation of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) kinase. This disorder shows myeloproliferative disease with almost invariable progresses to AML and conventional therapeutic strategies are largely unsuccessful. Because of the rare nature of this syndrome, models that faithfully recapitulate the human disease are needed to evaluate therapeutic strategies. The t(8;13)(p11;q12) chromosome translocation is most common rearrangement seen in this syndrome and creates a ZMYM2-FGFR1 chimeric kinase. To understand more about the molecular etiology of AML induced by this particular rearrangement, we have created a model human CD34+ cells transplanted into immunocompromized mice which develop myeloproliferative disease that progresses to AML with a long (>12 months) latency period. As in humans, these mice show hepatospenomegaly, hypercellular bone marrow and a CD45 + CD34 + CD13+ immunophenotype. Molecular studies demonstrate upregulation of genes such as KLF4 and FLT3 that promote stemness, and overexpression of MYC, which is associated with suppression of myeloid cell differentiation. This murine model, therefore, provides an opportunity to develop therapeutic strategies against the most common subtype within these FGFR1 driven neoplasms and study the molecular etiology in more depth.
Paraunitary filter banks and wavelet packets (1992)

Binary tree-structured filter banks have been employed in the past to generate wavelet bases. The equivalence between binary paraunitary tree-structures and orthonormal wavelet bases is proven. It is known that a binary tree with paraunitary filters on each level generates a discrete time orthonormal wavelet basis. It is shown that every discrete-time orthonormal wavelet basis can be generated using paraunitary binary trees. Next, this analysis is extended to arbitrary tree structures such as those used for generating wavelet packets. It is shown that an arbitrary tree with paraunitary filers gives an orthonormal basis of wavelet packets. The strict converse is not true, but a weaker result is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Ultra-Fast Short Circuit Protection Solution for E-mode GaN HEMTs (2018)

The Enhancement-mode (E-mode) Gallium Nitride High-Electron Mobility Transistor (GaN HEMT) has proven excellent electrical performance in various applications. Meantime, multiple comprehensive studies on the short circuit behavior show that GaN HEMTs has much shorter short circuit withstand time compared to conventional silicon (Si) devices. In this paper, the GaN HEMT short circuit capability is first introduced. Based on the testing results, the voltage dip on the phase-leg dc voltage under short circuit condition is proposed to be the short circuit detection signal, and the corresponding detection circuit and ultra-fast short circuit protection method is depicted. Finally, experimental results prove that with the proposed protection method, soft turn-off can be initiated within 200 ns and the short circuit current can be terminated in 281 ns.