gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flow cytometry-based DNA hybridization and polymorphism analysis (1998)

Functional analysis of the humane genome, including the quantification of differential gene expression and the identification of polymorphic sites and disease genes, is an important element of the Human Genome Project. Current methods of analysis are mainly gel-based assays that are not well-suited to rapid genome-scale analyses. To analyze DNA sequence on a large scale, robust and high throughput assays are needed. The authors are developing a suite of microsphere-based approaches employing fluorescence detection to screen and analyze genomic sequence. The approaches include competitive DNA hybridization to measure DNA or RNA targets in unknown samples, and oligo ligation or extension assays to analyze single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Apart from the advances of sensitivity, simplicity, and low sample consumption, these flow cytometric approaches have the potential for high throughput multiplexed analysis using multicolored microspheres and automated sample handling.
700-V asymmetrical 4H-SiC gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) (1997)

Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC), asymmetrical gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) were fabricated and tested with respect to forward voltage drop (V/sub F/), forward blocking voltage, and turn-off characteristics. Devices were tested from room temperature to 350/spl deg/C in the dc mode. Forward blocking voltages ranged from 600-800 V at room temperature for the devices tested. V/sub F/ of a typical device at 350/spl deg/C was 4.8 V at a current density of 500 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Turn-off time was less than 1 μs. Although no beveling or advanced edge termination techniques were used, the blocking voltage represented approximately 50% of the theoretical value when tested in an air ambient. Also, four GTO cells were connected in parallel to demonstrate 600-V, 1.4 A (800 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) performance.
Virtual Reality Cerebral Aneurysm Clipping Simulation With Real-Time Haptic Feedback (2015)

Neurosurgical residents thought that the novel immersive VR simulator is helpful in their training, especially because they do not get a chance to perform aneurysm clippings until late in their residency programs.
An intelligent memory system (1988)

SWIM(Structured Wafer-Scale Intelligent Memory) is a high bandwidth, multi-ported, disk-sized memory system capable of storing, maintaining, and manipulating data structures within it, independent of the main processing units. Up to thousands of active storage elements, each element having some storage and some associated processing logic, function independently or in groups to implement userdefined objects. SWIM increases memory functionality to better balance the time spent in moving data with that involved in actually manipulating it. Just as one may associate a cache with each processor, each memory module has processing logic associated with it. Such logic decreases the processormemory bandwidth requirements, improves memory utilization, scales better in a multiprocessor, and yields a faster response from memory. The faster response results from proximity, a specialized micro architecture and parallelism.
Lossy LAS file compression using uniform space division (2012)

A new method is introduced for the lossy compression of a LAS file. LAS files store the results from LiDAR scanning, and contain a huge amount of points with associated scalar values. The proposed method consists of four steps: eliminating those points within the oversampled regions, moving the position of the remaining points within the user-specified limits, variable-length coding, and arithmetic compression. This method was compared with the only known lossy LAS files compression method, as owned by LizardTech™. As shown by experimentation, the proposed method is considerably better than the referenced method.
Parametric Investigations of Non-Conventional Hall Thruster (2001)

Hall thrusters might better scale to low power with non-conventional geometry. A 9 cm cylindrical, ceramic-channel, Hall thruster with a cusp-type magnetic field distribution has been investigated. It exhibits discharge characteristics similar to conventional coaxial Hall thrusters, but does not expose as much channel surface. Significantly, its operation is not accompanied by large amplitude discharge low frequency oscillations.
Online modeling of wireless channels with hidden markov models and channel impulse responses for cognitive radios (2004)

A cognitive radio must be able to observe and model the channel in which it operates. As a first step to creating a truly cognitive radio, we have developed a novel technique to model wireless channels by combining a broadband channel sounder with a wireless channel genetic algorithm (WCGA). The WCGA receives a sequence of error symbols simulated from the impulse response to train a hidden Markov model (HMM) with a genetic algorithm. The HMM is a compact representation of the channel that a radio can create online and then use as the input to a cognitive process for intelligent adaptation of the radio.
Network Coding for Multiple Unicasts: An Approach based on Linear Optimization (2006)

In this paper we consider the application of network coding to a multiple unicast setup. We present two suboptimal, yet practical code construction techniques. One consists of a linear program and the other of an integer program with fewer variables and constraints. We discuss the performance of the proposed techniques as well as their complexity
Focus on superconducting properties of iron chalcogenides (2012)

"Focus on superconducting properties of iron chalcogenides." Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 13(5), pp.
Insulin feedback action on pancreatic β‐cell function (2002)

Pancreatic beta-cell function is essential for the regulation of glucose homeostasis and its impairment leads to diabetes mellitus. Besides glucose, the major nutrient factor, inputs from neural and humoral components and intraislet cell-cell communication act together to guarantee an appropriate pancreatic beta-cell function. Data obtained over the last 5 years in several laboratories have revitalized a controversial concept, namely the autocrine feedback action of secreted insulin on beta-cell function. While, historically, insulin was suggested to exert a negative effect on beta-cells, recent data provide evidence for a positive role of insulin in transcription, translation, ion flux, insulin secretion and beta-cell survival.
Rescue of spinal muscular atrophy mouse models with AAV9-Exon-specific U1 snRNA (2019)

Spinal Muscular Atrophy results from loss-of-function mutations in SMN1 but correcting aberrant splicing of SMN2 offers hope of a cure. However, current splice therapy requires repeated infusions and is expensive. We previously rescued SMA mice by promoting the inclusion of a defective exon in SMN2 with germline expression of Exon-Specific U1 snRNAs (ExspeU1). Here we tested viral delivery of SMN2 ExspeU1s encoded by adeno-associated virus AAV9. Strikingly the virus increased SMN2 exon 7 inclusion and SMN protein levels and rescued the phenotype of mild and severe SMA mice. In the severe mouse, the treatment improved the neuromuscular function and increased the life span from 10 to 219 days. ExspeU1 expression persisted for 1 month and was effective at around one five-hundredth of the concentration of the endogenous U1snRNA. RNA-seq analysis revealed our potential drug rescues aberrant SMA expression and splicing profiles, which are mostly related to DNA damage, cell-cycle control and acute phase response. Vastly overexpressing ExspeU1 more than 100-fold above the therapeutic level in human cells did not significantly alter global gene expression or splicing. These results indicate that AAV-mediated delivery of a modified U1snRNP particle may be a novel therapeutic option against SMA.
Phase Distortion to Amplitude Conversion-Based Low-Cost Measurement of AM-AM and AM-PM Effects in RF Power Amplifiers (2011)

This work develops a simple, practical yet easily realizable method for low cost measurement of phase and amplitude distortions in radio frequency power amplifiers (RF PA). Amplitude-to-amplitude (AM-AM) and amplitude-to-phase (AM-PM) distortions are two significant distortion effects in PAs at high output power levels, causing out of band interference in the transmitted signal and bit errors in the received signal. Traditional measurements of amplitude and phase distortion in RF PAs require the use of expensive vector network analyzers. In this work, we propose the use of phase-to-amplitude conversion to develop a low cost and accurate test methodology for AM-AM and AM-PM measurement using simple load board test circuitry along with software based difference generation and peak detection mechanisms. Using either simple sine wave stimulus with power sweep or a single amplitude modulated RF stimulus, both distortion effects can be measured with high accuracy for nominal devices as well as over process and voltage variations, while allowing significant reduction in test cost.
Efficient generation of bispecific IgG antibodies by split intein mediated protein trans-splicing system (2017)

Many methods have been developed to produce bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) for industrial application. However, huge challenges still remain in synthesizing whole length BsAbs, including their assembly, stability, immunogenicity, and pharmacodynamics. Here we present for first time a generic technology platform of generating bispecific IgG antibodies, "Bispecific Antibody by Protein Trans-splicing (BAPTS)". Different from published methods, we assembled two parental antibody fragments in the hinge region by the protein trans-splicing reaction of a split intein to generate BsAbs without heavy/heavy and light/heavy chain mispairing. Utilizing this simple and efficient approach, there have been several BsAbs (CD3×HER2, CD3×EGFR, EGFR×HER2) synthesized to demonstrate its broad applicability. Correctly paired mAb arms were assembled to form BsAbs that were purified through protein A affinity chromatography to demonstrate industrial applicability at large scale. Further, the products were characterized through physical-biochemistry properties and biological activities to confirm expected quality of the products from "BAPTS". More importantly, correct pairing was confirmed by mass spectrum. Proof-of-concept studies with CD3×HER2 BsAb (T-cell recruitment) demonstrated superior bioactivity compared with trastuzumab. The results of undetectable mispairing and high biological activity have indicated that this method has the potential to be utilized to manufacture BsAbs with high efficiency at industrial scale.
Defection detection (2008)

Searchers have a choice about which Web search engine they use when looking for information online. If they are unsuccessful on one engine, users may switch to a different engine to continue their search. By predicting when switches are likely to occur, the search experience can be modified to retain searchers or ensure a quality experience for incoming searchers. In this poster, we present research on a technique for predicting search engine switches. Our findings show that prediction is possible at a reasonable level of accuracy, particularly when personalization or user grouping is employed. These findings have implications for the design of applications to support more effective online searching.
Permutation grouping: intelligent Hash function design for audio &#x00026; image retrieval (2008)

The combination of MinHash-based signatures and locality- sensitive hashing (LSH) schemes has been effectively used for finding approximate matches in very large audio and image retrieval systems. In this study, we introduce the idea of permutation-grouping to intelligently design the hash functions that are used to index the LSH tables. This helps to overcome the inefficiencies introduced by hashing real-world data that is noisy, structured, and most importantly is not independently and identically distributed. Through extensive tests, we find that permutation-grouping dramatically increases the efficiency of the overall retrieval system by lowering the number of low-probability candidates that must be examined by 30-50%.
Amorphous twisted nematic–liquid-crystal displays fabricated by nonrubbing showing wide and uniform viewing-angle characteristics accompanying excellent voltage holding ratios (1993)

A new twisted-nematic (TN)–liquid-crystal display (LCD) device has been prepared without rubbing, which is called the no-rubbing (NR) technique. The device is shown to exhibit wide and uniform viewing-angle characteristics without showing a contrast inversion in the vertical direction of the cell. This characteristic is achieved in particular by filling chiral-molecular-doped nematic LCs (NLCs) in the isotropic phase into a cell. The substrate surfaces of the cells are either bare indium-tin-oxide films or those coated with polymer materials such as polyimide. These films are optically and structurally isotropic in a quasi-macroscopic scale (say, 100×100 μm2). In particular, the polymer films are capable of stabilizing and homogenizing the distribution of the NLC directors at the surfaces. The TN-LCDs fabricated by the NR technique, called amorphous TN-LCDs, are also featured by the excellent voltage holding ratio which is necessary to achieve good active matrix driving, and, furthermore, the device exhibits a very small viewing angular dependence in the electro-optic (EO) characteristics, which provides a significant benefit for achieving a good gray-scale operation. This rubbing-free technology may contribute not only to the significant improvement of the EO performance of TN-LCDs but also to the simplification of the production process and in turn to the reduction of the production cost.
Metamaterial-Based Components for a Compact Dual-Band Beam Pattern Diversity System (2008)

A compact dual-band beam pattern diversity system based on composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission lines (TLs) is presented. The dual-band pattern diversity system is beam-formable by employing a CRLH delay line, which introduces additional 0deg and -90deg phase delay at 2.4 GHz and 5.2 GHz respectively at the output of the dual-band rat-race coupler to two-element antenna array, which is configured to have lambda/4 element spacing at 5.2 GHz. Subsequently, this new proposed system is capable of exhibiting endfire patterns at the higher operational frequency while having sum/difference radiation modes at the lower frequency. The concept of adding CRLH components in a system leading to beam pattern diversity makes the overall system more flexible. Experimental results demonstrate two sets of orthogonal radiation patterns at dual frequencies. Good measured isolation of the system, -30.3 dB at 2.4 GHz and -20.3 dB at 5.2 GHz, validates the decoupling property.
Covalent Linking of Coordination-Organized Slipped Cofacial Porphyrin Dimers (2004)

Abstract Coordination-organized porphyrin dimers of 5,15-bis[2-(allyloxycarbonyl)ethyl]- and bis[3-(allyloxy)propyl]-20-(1-methyl-2-imidazolyl)porphyrinatozinc were covalently linked by an intramolecular olefin metathesis reaction in excellent yields (93–98%). It was found that the yields of the intramolecular metathesis reaction depended strongly on the molecular length of the substituent at the 5 and 15 positions. Introducing longer 3-(allyloxycarbonyl)propyl and 4-(allyloxycarbonyl)butyl substituents decreased sharply the yields of the covalent linking reaction to 26% and 16%, respectively. The covalently linked dimers maintained their coordination structures even when dissolved in as polar a solvent as pyridine.
Function Approximation Based on a Network with Kernel Functions of Bounds and Locality : an Approach of Non-Parametric Estimation (1993)

This paper presents function approximation based on nonparametric estimation.As an estimation model of function approximation,a three layered network composed of input, hidden and output layers is considered.The input and output layers have linear activation units while the hidden layer has nonlinear activation units or kernel functions which have the characteristics of bounds and locality.Using this type of network, a many-to-one function is synthesized over the domain of the input space by a number of kernel functions.
Cytokines, Chemokines, and Growth Factors in Banked Human Donor Milk for Preterm Infants (2014)

These data suggest that many important CCGF are not destroyed by Holder pasteurization.
Improvement on asymmetry of low-loss waveguides written in pure silica glass by femtosecond laser pulses (2004)

Low-loss and symmetrical mode-field optical waveguides were directly written in a pure silica glass by nearinfrared femtosecond laser processing. By optimizing laser processing parameters, such as the pulse duration and the pulse energy of femtosecond laser pulses, we demonstrated the propagation-loss reduction and the mode- field diameter (MFD) aspect ratio improvement. We have achieved the propagation-loss of 0.10 dB/cm and the MFD aspect ratio of 1.0 at the wavelength of 1550 nm at the same time.
Statcom Operation of Parallel-Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter (2019)

The Parallel Hybrid MMC (PH-MMC) is characterized by a fixed modulation index (MI). The MI can be varied by injecting a third harmonic voltage component to the chain-links (CLs), which increases the voltage and current ratings of the converter. Moreover, the range of MI obtained with third harmonic injection method (THIM) is limited. This paper analyses the reactive power injection capability of the PH-MMC during balanced and unbalanced loading conditions. The PH-MMC as static compensator (STATCOM) provides wide MI range without any requirement of THIM. During unbalanced loading conditions, the sum of the capacitor voltages of the CLs tends to diverge from its reference value owing to unequal exchange of power by each CL with the grid. An expression for negative sequence current is derived, which regulates the capacitor voltages by redistributing cluster powers within CLs. The proposed analyses are substantiated using the developed models in PSCAD. Results obtained prove the excellent performance of PH-MMC-STATCOM.
A location enabled wireless security system (2005)

We describe a method for merging the concepts of GPS positioning and intrinsic wireless network positioning into a high-level wireless security system. Specifically, we outline how the wireless network can assign a quantitative security level associated with the probability that a wireless network node is in a false location. We demonstrate the operational limits of the system using unbiased Cramer-Rao bounds in an ad hoc network. We also outline several additions that can be added to the security system, when position locations are influenced by other factors. This new location-based method allows for a tamper-proof security technique designed to complement existing encryption technologies.
Accurate measurement of pass-transistor leakage current in SOI MOSFET's (1996)

Summary form only given. Recently, a transient pass-transistor leakage current unique to SOI MOSFETs was reported. It was pointed out that this current, which is caused by device floating-body effects, can impact SOI SRAM and DRAM circuits. Clearly, the magnitude of this current and its dependencies are of prime importance. Here, we report an accurate method of measuring this current. We also, experimentally establish its important temperature, device, and bias dependencies. The SOI devices used in the experiment are partially depleted MOSFETs. The gate oxide thickness, silicon film thickness, and buried oxide thickness are 4.5 nm, 180 nm, and 370 nm, respectively. Our study is limited to NMOSFETs, although the results are extendible to PMOSFETs.
Cobalt‐Based Complexes for the Copolymerization of Propylene Oxide and CO<sub>2</sub>: Active and Selective Catalysts for Polycarbonate Synthesis (2003)

CO2 is an ideal feedstock for chemical synthesis; unfortunately its thermodynamic stability is a barrier to widespread use. Active cobalt catalysts for the copolymerization of propylene oxide and CO2 are reported (see scheme; L=N,N′-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylidene)-1,2-cyclohexanediamine), which have excellent regioselectivity for polycarbonate synthesis without concomitant production of cyclic carbonate by-products. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2003/z52605_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
An automated method for mapping human tissue permittivities by MRI in hyperthermia treatment planning (1997)

This paper presents an automatic method to obtain tissue complex permittivity values to be used as input data in the computer modelling for hyperthermia treatment planning. Magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired and the tissue water content was calculated from the signal intensity of the image pixels. The tissue water content was converted into complex permittivity values by monotonic functions based on mixture theory. To obtain a water content map by MR imaging a gradient-echo pulse sequence was used and an experimental procedure was set up to correct for relaxation and radiofrequency field inhomogeneity effects on signal intensity. Two approaches were followed to assign the permittivity values to fat-rich tissues: (i) fat-rich tissue localization by a segmentation procedure followed by assignment of tabulated permittivity values; (ii) water content evaluation by chemical shift imaging followed by permittivity calculation. Tests were performed on phantoms of known water content to establish the reliability of the proposed method. MRI data were acquired and processed pixel-by-pixel according to the outlined procedure. The signal intensity in the phantom images correlated well with water content. Experiments were performed on volunteers' healthy tissue. In particular two anatomical structures were chosen to calculate permittivity maps: the head and the thigh. The water content and electric permittivity values were obtained from the MRI data and compared to others in the literature. A good agreement was found for muscle, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and white and grey matter. The advantages of the reported method are discussed in the light of possible application in hyperthermia treatment planning.