gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TCP-aware power control in wireless networks (2009)

Modern cellular networks commonly deploy rapid channel rate adaptation to vary the wireless capacity in response to channel conditions while maintaining a fixed target error rate (typically 1%). Although desirable in terms of throughput for inelastic applications that do not adapt to network conditions, a low fixed target error rate incurs the expense of significant power consumption, especially at high transmission rates. In this work, we show that elastic traffic, in particular TCP, benefits greatly from the perspective of power efficiency when we also incorporate target error rate adaptation. More specifically, TCP behavior, although sensitive to packet errors, is not uniformly so. When TCP has a small window, it requires extremely low packet error rates. However, for large windows, especially with a buffer, TCP can tolerate larger loss rates. The contribution of this work is in conducting a detailed and realistic investigation into how beneficial target error rate adaptation is for TCP in terms of reducing power and impact on throughput. Our work differs from past contributions in that we explicitly take into account the impact of the buffer and a variable channel. We devise simple local power-adaptation policies based on TCP behavior and study them with the help of a numerical model. Finally, we present a detailed investigation of our policies using actual modulation schemes and real channel traces collected on a commercial 1xEV-DO network. The results show that compared to the existing scheme, our policies save typically about 20% to 30% power with marginal or no reduction in throughput.
Lithium-ion conductivity and crystal structure of garnet-type solid electrolyte Li<sub>7−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Ta<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>12</sub> using single-crystal (2019)

Single-crystal rods of Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 (X = 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8) were grown by floating zone melting. The typical size of the single-crystal rod was 8 mm in diameter and 70 mm in length. Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 (X = 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8) crystallizes in a cubic structure with an Ia-3d space group. Single crystal structure analysis was performed for all single crystals. How the lithium ion conductivity varies with the substitution amount of tantalum was investigated using a single crystal. Analyzing the results of AC impedance measurements, we estimated the total Li-ion conductivity of member in Li7−xLa3Zr2−xTaxO12 single-crystal. As a result, when X = 0.4, the lithium ion conductivity became the maximum, and it was 1.10 × 10 −3 S cm−1 at 298 K. The activation energy ticked up with increasing tantalum substitution.
Scalable Social Analytics for Live Viral Event Prediction (2014)

Large-scale, predictive social analytics have proven effective. Over the last decade, research and industrial efforts have understood the potential value of inferences based on online behavior analysis, sentiment mining, influence analysis, epidemic spread, etc. The majority of these efforts, however, are not yet designed with realtime responsiveness as a first-order requirement. Typical systems perform a post-mortem analysis on volumes of historical data and validate their “predictions” against already-occurred events.We observe that in many applications, real-time predictions are critical and delays of hours (and even minutes) can reduce their utility. As examples: political campaigns could react very quickly to a scandal spreading on Facebook; content distribution networks (CDNs) could prefetch videos that are predicted to soon go viral; online advertisement campaigns can be corrected to enhance consumer reception. This paper proposes CrowdCast, a cloud-based framework to enable real-time analysis and prediction from streaming social data. As an instantiation of this framework, we tune CrowdCast to observe Twitter tweets, and predict which YouTube videos are most likely to “go viral” in the near future. To this end, CrowdCast first applies online machine learning to map natural language tweets to a specific YouTube video. Then, tweets that indeed refer to videos are weighted by the perceived “influence” of the sender. Finally, the video’s spread is predicted through a sociological model, derived from the emerging structure of the graph over which the video-related tweets are (still) spreading. Combining metrics of influence and live structure, CrowdCast outputs sets of candidate videos, identified as likely to become viral in the next few hours. We monitor Twitter for more than 30 days, and find that CrowdCast’s real-time predictions demonstrate encouraging correlation with actual YouTube viewership in the near future.
An O(1) scheduling algorithm for variable-size packet switching systems (2010)

Internet traffic has increased at a very fast pace in recent years. The traffic demand requires that future packet switching systems should be able to switch packets in a very short time, i.e., just a few nanoseconds. Algorithms with lower computation complexity are more desirable for this high-speed switching design. Among the existing algorithms that can achieve 100% throughput for input-queued switches for any admissible Bernoulli traffic, ALGO3 and EMHW have the lowest computation complexity, which is O(logN), where N is the number of ports in the switch. In this paper, we propose a randomized scheduling algorithm, which can also stabilize the system for any admissible traffic that satisfies the strong law of large number. The algorithm has a complexity of O(1). Since the complexity does not increase with the size of a switch, the algorithm is highly scalable and a good choice for future high-speed switch designs. We also show that the algorithm can be implemented in a distributed way by using a low-rate control channel. Simulation results show that the algorithm can provide a good delay performance as compared to algorithms with higher computation complexity.
Enhancing network performance with TCP rate control (2002)

In TCP (transmission control protocol), congestion control as well as error recovery are implemented by a sliding window. The dynamics of TCP (specifically, a mismatch between the TCP window and the bandwidth-delay product of the network) can sometimes cause the network switches or routers to accumulate large queues, resulting in buffer overflows, reduced throughput, unfairness and underutilization. It is generally accepted that there is a limit as to how much control can be accomplished from the congestion control mechanisms in the end systems. Some mechanisms are thus needed in the intermediate network elements to complement the endpoint congestion avoidance mechanisms. Network layer enhancements such as scheduling mechanisms and packet drop policies have been proposed which are aimed at improving fairness and throughput of the competing endpoint applications. We describe a new TCP rate control scheme based on a simple recursive algorithm. The idea behind the algorithm is to match the network load to the available resources by modifying at an intermediate network element, the receiver's advertised window in TCP acknowledgments returning to the sources. The scheme can be implemented in a router or switch for bandwidth management and does not require knowledge of network delays or maintenance of the per-flow state.
Design of a Process Variation Tolerant Self-Repairing SRAM for Yield Enhancement in Nanoscaled CMOS (2007)

In nanoscaled technologies, increased inter-die and intra-die variations in process parameters can result in large number of parametric failures in an SRAM array, thereby, degrading yield. In this paper, we propose a self-repairing SRAM to reduce parametric failures in memory. In the proposed technique, on-chip monitoring of leakage current and/or delay of a ring oscillator is used to determine the inter-die process corner of an SRAM die. Depending on the inter-die Vt shift, the self-repair system selects the proper body bias to reduce parametric failures. Simulations using predictive 70-nm device show that the proposed self-repairing SRAM improves design yield by 5%-40%. A test-chip is designed and fabricated in IBM 0.13-mum CMOS technology to successfully demonstrate the operation of the self-repair system.
On the importance of application based scheduling for femtocell access points (2012)

In this paper, it is proposed that in order to guarantee a certain level of Quality of service (QoS) for different applications in a femtocell network, it is necessary to use application-based scheduling in femtocell access points (FAP). A novel scheduler is designed which can prioritize each application considering their various QoS requirements. The scheduler aims to divide the limited wireless resources among applications in an application specific notion of fairness. Unlike current solutions, proposed scheduler differentiates between not only users but each and every application of users and allocates wireless resources considering the specific QoS requirements of different type of applications. Extensive simulation results prove that the proposed scheduler achieves tremendous results compared to the current user-based schedulers.
Belief Condensation Filtering (2013)

Inferring a sequence of variables from observations is prevalent in a multitude of applications. Traditional techniques such as Kalman filters (KFs) and particle filters (PFs) are widely used for such inference problems. However, these techniques fail to provide satisfactory performance in many important nonlinear or non-Gaussian scenarios. In addition, there is a lack of a unified methodology for the design and analysis of different filtering techniques. To address these problems, in this paper, we propose a new filtering methodology called belief condensation (BC) filtering. First, we establish a general framework for filtering techniques and propose an optimality criterion that leads to BC filtering. We then propose efficient BC algorithms that can best represent the complex distributions arising in the filtering process. The performance of the proposed techniques is evaluated for two representative nonlinear/non-Gaussian problems, showing that the BC filtering can provide accuracy approaching the theoretical bounds and outperform existing techniques in terms of the accuracy versus complexity tradeoff.
Effects of cold shock and phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> on intact boar spermatozoa and sperm head plasma membranes (1990)

Head plasma membranes (HPM) isolated from cryopreserved boar spermatozoa show an excessive fluidization, which might be involved in the loss of fertility. The current study assessed the ability of cold shock (5 degrees C) and phospholipase A2 (PA2) to duplicate these effects on membrane structure and to affect 45Ca2+ uptake and gross morphological characteristics of whole, fresh boar-sperm. The HPM from cold-shocked sperm showed a significantly greater rate of fluidization over time than did HPM from control sperm. Addition of PA2 (bee or snake venom, 0.1 or 10.0 ng/ml) to HPM from control sperm caused fluidization similar to cold shocking, but to a lesser degree (P less than 0.05). Cold-shocked intact sperm exhibited severe acrosomal disruption, loss of motility, and increased 45Ca2+ uptake relative to control sperm. Addition of PA2 (bee or snake venom, 0.1, 1.0., 10.0, and 1,000 ng/ml) to control sperm had no effect on gross morphology or motility while maintaining or increasing sperm extrusion of 45Ca2+. Therefore, although PA2 can, to some extent, duplicate the effects of cold shock on HPM molecular organization, its lipid hydrolytic action is insufficient to cause all the gross disruptions of severe thermal shock. Both PA2 and cold shock disrupted HPM structure, but only cold shock increased 45Ca2+ uptake, suggesting that cold shock may be increasing 45Ca2+ uptake in areas other than the head. Cold shock disrupts sperm on three levels; membrane molecular organization, intracellular Ca2+ regulation, and gross morphology/motility.
Peptide-Conjugated PAMAM Dendrimer as a Universal DNA Vaccine Platform to Target Antigen-Presenting Cells (2011)

DNA-based vaccines hold promise to outperform conventional antigen-based vaccines by virtue of many unique features. However, DNA vaccines have thus far fallen short of expectations, due in part to poor targeting of professional antigen-presenting cells (APC) and low immunogenicity. In this study, we describe a new platform for effective and selective delivery of DNA to APCs in vivo that offers intrinsic immune-enhancing characteristics. This platform is based on conjugation of fifth generation polyamidoamine (G5-PAMAM) dendrimers, a DNA-loading surface, with MHC class II-targeting peptides that can selectively deliver these dendrimers to APCs under conditions that enhance their immune stimulatory potency. DNA conjugated with this platform efficiently transfected murine and human APCs in vitro. Subcutaneous administration of DNA-peptide-dendrimer complexes in vivo preferentially transfected dendritic cells (DC) in the draining lymph nodes, promoted generation of high affinity T cells, and elicited rejection of established tumors. Taken together, our findings show how PAMAM dendrimer complexes can be used for high transfection efficiency and effective targeting of APCs in vivo, conferring properties essential to generate effective DNA vaccines.
Colorimetric Solid-Phase Capture Hybridization Assay for Detection of Amplified <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> DNA (1996)

To simplify detection procedures of DNA fragments resulting from PCR, we developed a colorimetric microplate hybridization assay. This format was used for the identification of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, the causal agent of Lyme disease. The system relied on the use of a specific capture probe covalently linked to polystyrene plates and a specific polybiotinylated detection probe. DNA fragments, resulting from PCR and sandwiched between these two probes, were detected by enzymatic color development. The new detection format outperformed agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products in sensitivity and specificity Moreover, in view of its rapidity and simplicity, the system proved appropriate for the routine diagnostic analysis of clinical specimens from Lyme disease patients. The proposed detection format can be adapted easily to other DNA targets and is suitable for automation.
Impact of haemodialysis on individual endogenous plasma acylcarnitine concentrations in end-stage renal disease (2005)

The accumulation of acylcarnitines during long-term haemodialysis suggests that removal by haemodialysis is less efficient than removal from the body by the healthy kidney. Removal is significantly correlated to acyl chain length, most likely due to the increased molecular weight and lipophilicity that accompanies increased chain length.
SUPERVEGAN: Super Resolution Video Enhancement GAN for Perceptually Improving Low Bitrate Streams (2021)

This paper presents a novel model family that we call SUPERVEGAN, for the problem of video enhancement for low bitrate streams by simultaneous video super resolution and removal of compression artifacts from low bitrates (e.g. 250Kbps). Our strategy is fully end-to-end, but we upsample and tackle the problem in two main stages. The first stage deals with removal of streaming compression artifacts and performs a partial upsampling, and the second stage performs the final upsampling and adds detail generatively. We also use a novel progressive training strategy for video together with the use of perceptual metrics. Our experiments shown resilience to training bitrate and we show how to derive real-time models. We also introduce a novel bitrate equivalency test that enables the assessment of how much a model improves streams with respect to bitrate. We demonstrate efficacy on two publicly available HD datasets, LIVE-NFLX-II and Tears of Steel (TOS). We compare against a range of baselines and encoders and our results demonstrate our models achieve a perceptual equivalence which is up to two times over the input bitrate. In particular our 4X upsampling outperforms baseline methods on the LPIPS perceptual metric, and our 2X upsampling model also outperforms baselines on traditional metrics such as PSNR.
Advantage on Superconductivity of Heavily Boron-Doped (111) Diamond Films (2005)

The superconductivity transition temperatures Tc(onset) of 11.4 K and Tc(offset) of 7.4 K, which are the highest in diamond at present, are realized on homoepitaxially grown (111) diamond films with a high boron doping concentration of 8.4E21 cm-3 (4.7 atomic percent). Tc values of (111) diamond films are more than twice as high as those of (100) films at the equivalent boron concentration. The Tc of boron-doped (111) diamond increases as the boron content increases up to the maximum incorporated concentration and is agrees with the value estimated using McMillan's equation. The advantageous Tc for (111) diamond films is due to the higher carrier concentration which exceeds its boron concentration.
Current status of optical maskless lithography (2005)

We review the current status of optical maskless lithography technology. The optical maskless systems presented in literature are either aimed for low-cost, large-feature, low-end production, or high-end performance directly competing with state of the art optical scanners. In the latter case, optical maskless systems are based on piston or tilting micromirror spatial light modulators (SLMs). Similar performance can be achieved with both mirror types, but tilting mirrors offer lower manufacturing complexity, the possibility of using larger mirrors, less complex rasterizing algorithms, and lower demands on the data path. This indicates that the tilting mirror arrangement might be more appealing for high-performance, high-capacity, economical optical maskless lithography. With the latest technology in SLM and rasterizing technology, an optical maskless tool can match regular mask-based scanners in all imaging modes at the 65-nm node, including binary, weak and strong phase-shifting, phase edge, and chromeless phase lithography. Optical maskless lithography can further provide an almost complete transparency with current lithography technology in terms of design rules, optical proximity correction (OPC) models, and illumination settings. Any difference is due not to the SLM, but to the reticle process and electromagnetic properties.
Cladding pumped passively modelocked femtosecond fibre lasers (1996)

Passively mode-locked fiber lasers cladding pumped by broad-area diode-laser arrays are described. With a dispersion-compensated erbium-ytterbium fiber oscillator, 200-fs pulses with pulse energies up to 100 pJ are generated at a wavelength of 1560 µm. In a highly dispersive cavity, pulse widths of 3 ps with pulse energies up to 1 nJ are obtained. A saturable absorber is used for pulse startup, whereas nonlinear polarization evolution is exploited for steady-state pulse shaping. An environmentally stable design is ensured by use of a compensation scheme for linear polarization drifts in the cavity.
Abstract O-2: The Role of Post-translational Modifications in SERCA2a-related Cardiac Dysfunction (2014)

The cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) has become a validated target for the treatment of heart failure (HF). The relationship between reduced SERCA2a activity and decreases in protein expression in the setting of HF has been found to be non-linear and the toxic intracellular milieu in HF contributes to SERCA2a’s dysfunction. Post-translational modification (PTM) of SERCA2a has been recently described to as an important mechanism that can explain a reduction in SERCA2a activity in HF. Based on a comprehensive proteomic analysis, we found that the levels and activity of SERCA2a in cardiomyocytes are modulated in parallel with the levels of small ubiquitin-like modifier type 1 (SUMO-1). Moreover, our work has shown that SUMO-1 plays a critical role in protecting SERCA2a from pathological conditions (Kho et al, Nature, 2011). More recently, we demonstrated that SUMO-1 gene transfer and its combination with SERCA2a led to a reversal of HF in a porcine model of ischemic induced HF (Tilemann et al, Sci Transl Med, 2013). In our analysis of SERCA2a PTM in animal models of HF, we observed that SERCA2a is acetylated, and that this acetylation is more prominent in failing hearts. The acetylation of SERCA2a was validated by acetylation assays with acetyltransferase and HDAC inhibitors. We identified several lysine residues on SERCA2a for susceptible to acetylation. In addition, we found that Sirt1 enzyme deacetylates SERCA2a. Sirt1 down-regulation in HL-1 cells using small interfering RNA increased SERCA2a acetylation and thereby decreased its activity. Moreover, SERCA2a acetylation was increased when Sirt1 was depleted by recombinant adeno-associated virus carrying short hairpin RNA for Sirt1 in mice model, which reflected a decrease in intensity of interaction between Sirt1 and SERCA2a. Reduced acetylation was accompanied by an increase in SERCA2a SUMOylation in the heart. Decreased acetylation, combined with increased SUMOylation, of SERCA2a may contribute to the cardioprotective effects of Sirt1. Our results show that SERCA2a acetylation increases during HF and negatively impacts SERCA2a’s function, suggesting that the down-regulation of SERCA2a acetylation may afford a novel intervention in the setting of heart failure.
Cannula-based computational fluorescence microscopy (2015)

We converted a solid-glass cannula into a high-resolution widefield fluorescence microscope. Calibrating the space-variant point-spread functions of the cannula and applying a nonlinear optimization algorithm to reconstruct object details enable this development. The resolution of our system is ∼1 μm, and fluorophore position is determined to a precision of ∼20 nm. Images of microglia from fixed slices of mouse brains at various post-natal development stages were also obtained.
Neutralization of the induced VEGF-A potentiates the therapeutic effect of an anti-VEGFR2 antibody on gastric cancer in vivo (2021)

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (VEGFR) axis is an essential regulator of angiogenesis and important therapeutic target in cancer. Ramucirumab is an anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of several cancers. Increased circulating VEGF-A levels after ramucirumab administration are associated with a worse prognosis, suggesting that excess VEGF-A induced by ramucirumab negatively affects treatment efficacy and that neutralizing VEGF-A may improve treatment outcomes. Here, we evaluated the effect of combination treatment with an anti-VEGFR2 antibody and anti-VEGF-A antibody on gastric tumor progression and normal tissues using a preclinical BALB/c-nu/nu mouse xenograft model. After anti-VEGFR2 antibody treatment in mice, a significant increase in plasma VEGF-A levels was observed, mirroring the clinical response. The elevated VEGF-A was host-derived. Anti-VEGF-A antibody co-administration enhanced the anti-tumor effect of the anti-VEGFR2-antibody without exacerbating the toxicity. Mechanistically, the combination treatment induced intra-tumor molecular changes closely related to angiogenesis inhibition and abolished the gene expression changes specifically induced by anti-VEGFR2 antibody treatment alone. We particularly identified the dual treatment-selective downregulation of ZEB1 expression, which was critical for gastric cancer cell proliferation. These data indicate that the dual blockade of VEGF-A and VEGFR2 is a rational strategy to ensure the anti-tumor effect of angiogenesis-targeting therapy.