gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure of nanaomycin E, a new nanaomycin. (1979)

A new component, nanaomycin E, has been isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces rosa var, notoensis, which had been found to produce nanaomycins A, B, C and D. Nanaomycin E was an epoxy derivative of nanaomycin A and was converted into nanaomycin A and 4a-epi-nanaomycin B by treatment with sodium hydrosulfite in an acidic aqueous solution. 4a-epi-Nanaomycin B was quantiatively converted into nanaomycin A under alkaline conditions.
P3-01-09: Oncogenic Activation of HSF1 Enables the Malignant Progression of Breast Carcinoma. (2011)

Abstract HSF1 is best known for its role as the master transcriptional regulator of the evolutionarily conserved heat-shock response. In mice, Hsf1 knock-outs dramatically reduce susceptibility to malignant transformation and tumor formation, and markedly increased survival in cancers driven by both oncogenic and tumor suppressor mutations. Likewise, RNAi-mediated knockdown markedly reduces the growth and survival of human cell lines established from cancers driven by a diversity of genetic lesions. The transcriptional network that HSF1 coordinates during heat-shock is known, but is unknown in malignancy. We compare HSF1 function in isogenic breast cancer cells of high and low malignant potential. HSF1 orchestrates a far-reaching transcriptional program that is dependent on transformation and the degree of malignancy. The oncogenic HSF1 program differs markedly from the classical heat-shock response. It is enriched for genes involved in a myriad of cellular processes known to be important in malignancy, including transcription, translation, glucose metabolism and cellular adhesion. It includes only a particular subset of heat-shock protein genes, and many of these are regulated in a manner that differs from their regulation by heat-shock. We also find that HSF1 is overexpressed and activated in a large subset of all conventionally defined classes of breast cancer. Moreover, tumors with high expression of the oncogenic HSF1 transcriptional network are strongly associated with poor outcome as monitored by metastasis and death. Our findings suggest that the oncogenic HSF1 activation program is rooted in fundamental aspects of tumor biology and will prove a powerful new tool in the clinical management of patients with breast cancer and, likely, other malignancies as well. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-01-09.
Extrapolating Long-term Event-Free and Overall Survival With Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03036124.
Towards a realistic haptic-based dental simulation (2017)

Recently there has been a remarkable increase in the use of technology in medical and dental education. Haptics technologies allow the operator to interact with the simulation environment using the sense of touch. In this paper we investigate three facets for realistic simulation with periodontists: (1) a custom grip is designed to attach dental instruments to the haptic interface in order to enhance the grip, (2) two haptic interfaces are utilized to simulate haptic feedback with both the dental instrument and the mirror instrument, and (3) a finger rest mechanism based on parallel manipulation is used for the intraoral fulcrum during probing. A haptic-based simulation system, named the Haptodont, is developed to evaluate the three facets of realism. A subjective evaluation is conducted with five dental experts to collect more information about perceptions, insights, and experiences to shape the second generation requirements and design for the Haptodont system. Future work will focus on further development and quantitative usability testing (with both dental experts and students) with the goal to improve the educational experience, outcomes and skills of clinicians/students.
Chemical Conversion of Human Fetal Astrocytes into Neurons through Modulation of Multiple Signaling Pathways (2019)

We have previously developed a cocktail of nine small molecules to convert human fetal astrocytes into neurons, but a nine-molecule recipe is difficult for clinical applications. Here, we identify a chemical formula with only three to four small molecules for astrocyte-to-neuron conversion. We demonstrate that modulation of three to four signaling pathways among Notch, glycogen synthase kinase 3, transforming growth factor β, and bone morphogenetic protein pathways is sufficient to change an astrocyte into a neuron. The chemically converted human neurons can survive >7 months in culture, fire repetitive action potentials, and display robust synaptic burst activities. Interestingly, cortical astrocyte-converted neurons are mostly glutamatergic, while midbrain astrocyte-converted neurons can yield some GABAergic neurons in addition to glutamatergic neurons. When administered in vivo through intracranial or intraperitoneal injection, the four-drug combination can significantly increase adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Together, human fetal astrocytes can be chemically converted into functional neurons using three to four small molecules, bringing us one step forward for developing future drug therapy.
Synthesis, Antimalarial Activity, and Structure–Activity Relationship of 7-(2-Phenoxyethoxy)-4(1<i>H</i>)-quinolones (2011)

ICI 56,780 (5) displayed causal prophylactic and blood schizonticidal activity (ED50=0.05 mg/kg) in rodent malaria models but produced rapid acquisition of parasitological resistance in P. berghei infected mice. Herein we describe the synthesis of analogues of 5 with EC50 as low as 0.15 nM against multidrug resistant P. falciparum. Optimal activity with low cross-resistance indexes (RI) to atovaquone was achieved by introducing ortho-substituted aryl moieties at the 3-position of the 7-(2-phenoxyethoxy)-4(1H)-quinolone core.
Double-layered overwritable magneto-optic disk with magnetic recording and magneto-optic reproducing (1989)

This communication describes an overwritable magneto-optic disk with a double-layered medium consisting of magnetic recording (low coercivity Hc and high Curie temperature Tc) and reproducing (high Hc and low Tc) layers. After a magnetic head writes data on the recording layer, a focused laser beam from the optic head irradiates a recorded track to transfer the bits to the reproducing layer with a width equal to that of the laser beam. The printed bits on the reproducing layer are read with the magneto-optic head. By repeating the above operations, the overwrite process is achieved.
Association of transcription factors with the nuclear matrix (1996)

The nuclear matrix is the framework scaffolding of the nucleus and has been demonstrated to be an important component in a number of nuclear processes including transcription, replication, and RNA splicing and transport. In the interphase nucleus, DNA is specifically organized in a three-dimensional fashion. An example of this fact is that actively transcribed genes have been demonstrated to associate with the nuclear matrix. In this study, nuclear matrix proteins from various rat tissues, including two androgen-regulated tissues, the seminal vesicle and ventral prostate, were examined to determine if they contained proteins that associate with consensus binding sequences for several proteins involved in the regulation of transcription. Specific interactions were identified between proteins of the nuclear matrix and these transcriptional activator binding sequences. In addition, the sizes of the complexes binding to the DNA sequences appeared to vary in some of the tissues. These data support the concept that the nuclear matrix may serve as a support structure to bring together specific DNA sequences with factors involved in the regulation of gene expression.
Biomechanical evaluation of an artificial anal sphincter prosthesis (1997)

An artificial anal sphincter was designed to reproduce the normal physiology of the ano-rectum by flattening and angulating the bowel without causing crenation. It was shown in the laboratory that by eliminating crenation, occlusion pressure was evenly distributed without localized high pressure points under the device. Further, the design facilitates the creation of angulation of the bowel in a relatively large area of distribution of the occlusion pressure, allowing the device to be set at lower operating occlusion pressures than that required for circular designs yet still achieve continence. Each of the components of the device was studied separately and the whole system was assessed in an acute and survival animal model.
Lymphokine-mediated immunotherapy studies in mouse tumor systems (1980)

Studies have been performed using two subcutaneously implanted mouse tumor models to investigate the immunotherapeutic potential of lymphokine-containing culture supernatants from long-term human lymphoblast cell cultures. Human lymphoblastoid cell line, RPMI 1788, was used as a cell culture source of lymphokines. Supernatants were removed from cultures at the stationary phase of growth and concentrated on Amicon filters retaining molecules above 10,000 Daltons. This concentrate was applied to a Sephadex G-25 column, equilibrated with ammonium bicarbonate buffer, for removal of salts and dye from the culture medium. The effluent was lyophilized and reconstituted for use in further purification by affinity chromatography and SDS-PAGE gels. Such preparations were used to inject DBA/2 mice bearing subcutaneous L-1210 tumors. In addition, the B-16 melanoma was used as a model of a solid tumor in C57Bl/l mice. Animals were treated intralesionally and intraperitoneally with lymphokines containing preparations and control solutions. Tumors growing subcutaneously were susceptible to lymphokine-induced inflammation-mediated regression without additional therapy. In the study of L-1210 subcutaneous tumors, reduction in tumor size was followed by complete regression, prolonged survival, immunity to additional inoculation, and cures in 20--40% of the treated mice. Tumor regression and prolongation of survival were also noted in mice bearing B-16 melanomas. These studies support the use of mouse tumors as bioassays for antitumor inflammatory activity of human lymphokine preparations and help to quantitate their potential use in human tumor immunotherapy.
The predominance of IgG3 and IgM isotype antimitochondrial autoantibodies against recombinant fused mitochondrial polypeptide in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (1988)

Autoantibodies against inner mitochondrial membrane proteins are a hallmark of primary biliary cirrhosis. Specifically, these antimitochondrial autoantibodies recognize two polypeptides of approximately 70 and 52 kD, respectively. Although the specificity of antimitochondrial autoantibodies has been studied for the past 2 decades, the complementary DNA encoding the major primary biliary cirrhosis-specific 70 kD antigen has only recently been cloned. The availability of the recombinant autoantigen has resulted in the development of a highly sensitive and specific ELISA to detect antimitochondrial autoantibodies and to determine their immunoglobulin isotypes. We report herein that IgG3 is the predominant isotype of antimitochondrial autoantibodies in a group of 74 primary biliary cirrhosis patients. This finding is significant in light of the genomic immunoglobulin in heavy chain gene arrangement. Ninety-three per cent of primary biliary cirrhosis patients possessed IgG3 antimitochondrial autoantibodies with titers of 1:10(3) or higher; 32% of these patients possessed titers of 10(4), 29% at 10(5) and 7% at 10(6). IgM antimitochondrial autoantibodies were next most prevalent; 63% of the patients were positive and 50% of these patients showed titers of 10(3), 43% at 10(4) and 6% at 10(5). Other isotypes were present but in much lower titer and occurrence. Isotypes of antimitochondrial autoantibodies reactive to the 52 kD antigen were also determined using immunoblotting techniques. The predominance of IgG3 and IgM were similarly observed. Finally, the serum immunoglobulin isotype levels of primary biliary cirrhosis patients were compared with healthy normal adults by radial immunodiffusion. Serum IgG3 and IgM were very elevated in primary biliary cirrhosis; with IgG3 at 5.5-fold and IgM at 4.3-fold above normals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A micromachined Knudsen pump for on-chip vacuum (2004)

This paper describes a single-chip micromachined implementation of a Knudsen pump-a type of vacuum pump that works by the principle of thermal transpiration, has no moving parts, and consequently offers high reliability. A 6-mask process was used to fabricate the pump from a glass substrate and a silicon wafer. A single stage pump and two integrated pressure sensors occupy 1.5 mm/spl times/2 mm. Measurements show that this device can evacuate a cavity to 0.46 atm while operating at atmospheric pressure and using 80 mW input power. Temperature measurements show thermal isolation on the order of 10/sup 4/ K/W between the polysilicon heater used to operate the pump and the rest of the device.
Ultra fine-pitch wafer level packaging with reworkable composite nano-interconnects (2005)

The decrease in feature sizes of micro-electronic devices has underlined the need for higher number of I/O's in order to increase its functionality. This has spurred a great interest in developing electronic packages with fine and ultra fine pitches (20-100 microns). Most of the compliant interconnects that are currently being developed have inductance and resistance higher than desirable. This work presents a novel low-temperature fabrication process that combines polymer structures with electroless copper plating to create low stress MEMS structures for extremely fine pitch wafer level packages. Finite element analysis of these structures shows tremendous reduction in the stresses at the interfaces and superior reliability as IC-package nano interconnects. Low CTE polyimide structures with ultra-low stress, high toughness and strength were fabricated using plasma etching. This dry etching process was tuned to yield a wall angle above 80 degrees. The etching process also leads to roughened sidewalls for selective electroless copper plating on the sidewalls of polymer structures. Metal-coated polymer structures from MEMS fabrication techniques can provide low-cost high-performance solutions for wafer-level-packaging. This work also describes a material solution synthesis route to develop reworkable nano-dimensional interfaces for IC-package bonding. Reworkability is addressed by a thin (200 nm) interface of lead-free high-strength solders using selective electroless plating. Lead-free alloy films were deposited from aqueous plating solutions consisting of suitable metal salts and reducing agents at 45/spl deg/C. The lead-free solder composition was controlled by altering the plating bath formulation and was characterized using SEM, XRD and XPS. Solder film formed from the above approach was demonstrated to bond the metal-coated polymer interconnects with the copper pads on the substrate.
The 2 deg/90 deg laboratory scattering photometer (1977)

A scattering photometer for measuring the light scattered by particles in a hydrosol at substantially 2 deg and 90 deg simultaneously is described. Light from a source is directed by a first optical system into a scattering cell containing the hydrosol under study. Light scattered at substantially 90 deg to the incident beam is focused onto a first photoelectric detector to generate an electrical signal indicative of the amount of scattered light at substantially 90 deg. Light scattered at substantially 2 deg to the incident beam is directed through an annular aperture symmetrically located about the axis of the illuminating beam which is linearly transmitted undeviated through the hydrosol and focused onto a second photoelectric detector to generate an electrical signal indicative of the amount of light scattered at substantially 2 deg.
A novel adaptive vector quantization method for memory reduction in MPEG-2 HDTV decoders (1998)

A novel method to reduce the external memory needed by an MPEG-2 HDTV decoder architecture is presented and discussed. The total amount of memory is reduced from 96 to 32 Mbits preserving a good picture quality. Furthermore the approach chosen maintains a low hardware complexity and increases less than 5%, in 0.35 /spl mu/m technology, the total decoder silicon area with respect to the standard decoder.
Enhanced Differential Power Processor for PV Systems: Resonant Switched-Capacitor Gyrator Converter With Local MPPT (2014)

This paper introduces an enhanced differential power processor topology and principle of operation for photovoltaic (PV) systems that is based on switched-capacitor technology, featuring local maximum power point tracking (MPPT) capability, zero current switching, high efficiency over wide-operation range, and reduced size. The new converter operates as a voltage-dependent current-source and is regulated by dead-time or frequency control. Local MPPT on the individual PV elements is realized and the operation is demonstrated by simulation and experiments. Differential power processing operation is verified using 150-W prototypes, demonstrating ultimate improvement in the power harvesting capability of above 90% and up to 99% out of the available power in the string, under different insolation levels.
Nanocrystal lasing in the single-exciton regime using engineered nonlinear exciton-exciton interactions (2004)

We use inverted ZnSe(core)/CdSe(shell) nanocrystal (NC) heterostructures to study the effect of type I vs. type II carrier localization on lasing performance of NCs. We show that such hetero-NCs can exhibit strong repulsive exciton-exciton interactions, for which lasing is possible in the single-exciton regime at dramatically reduced pump thresholds.
Mass Defect-Based Pseudo-Isobaric Dimethyl Labeling for Proteome Quantification (2013)

Discovering differentially expressed proteins in various biological samples requires proteome quantification methods with accuracy, precision, and wide dynamic range. This study describes a mass defect-based pseudo-isobaric dimethyl labeling (pIDL) method based on the subtle mass defect differences between 12C/13C and 1H/2H. Lys-C protein digests were labeled with CD2O/13CD2O and reduced with NaCNBD3/NaCNBH3 as heavy and light isotopologues, respectively. The fragment ion pairs with mass differences of 5.84 mDa were resolved by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and used for quantification. The pIDL method described here resulted in highly accurate and precise quantification results with approximately 100-fold dynamic range. Furthermore, the pIDL method was extended to 4-plex proteome quantification and applied to the quantitative analysis of proteomes from Hca-P and Hca-F, two mouse hepatocarcinoma ascites syngeneic cell lines with low and high lymph node metastasis rates.
Absorption-Based Diamond Spin Microscopy on a Plasmonic\nQuantum Metasurface (2021)

Nitrogen\nvacancy (NV) centers in diamond have emerged as a leading\nquantum sensor platform, combining exceptional sensitivity with nanoscale\nspatial resolution by optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR).\nBecause fluorescence-based ODMR techniques are limited by low photon\ncollection efficiency and modulation contrast, there has been growing\ninterest in infrared (IR)-absorption-based readout of the NV singlet\nstate transition. IR readout can improve contrast and collection efficiency,\nbut it has thus far been limited to long-path length geometries in\nbulk samples due to the small absorption cross section of the NV singlet\nstate. Here, we propose to amplify the IR absorption by introducing\na resonant diamond metallodielectric metasurface that concentrates\nthe optical field near the diamond surface. This “plasmonic\nquantum sensing metasurface” (PQSM) supports plasmonic surface\nlattice resonances and achieves desired balance between field localization\nand sensing volume to optimize spin readout sensitivity. From combined\nelectromagnetic and rate-equation modeling, we estimate a near-spin-projection-noise-limited\nsensitivity below 1 nT Hz<sup>–1/2</sup> per μm<sup>2</sup> of sensing area using numbers for present-day NV diamond samples\nand fabrication techniques. The proposed PQSM enables a new form of\nmicroscopic ODMR sensing with infrared readout near the spin-projection-noise-limited\nsensitivity, making it appealing for the most demanding applications\nsuch as imaging through scattering tissues and spatially resolved\nchemical NMR detection.
Machine-learning approach to holographic particle characterization (2014)

Holograms of colloidal dispersions encode comprehensive information about individual particles' three-dimensional positions, sizes and optical properties. Extracting that information typically is computationally intensive, and thus slow. Here, we demonstrate that machine-learning techniques based on support vector machines (SVMs) can analyze holographic video microscopy data in real time on low-power computers. The resulting stream of precise particle-resolved tracking and characterization data provides unparalleled insights into the composition and dynamics of colloidal dispersions and enables applications ranging from basic research to process control and quality assurance.
Privacy-preserving global customization (2000)

We present an architecture for global customization of web content, by w h i c h a w eb site can customize content for each visitor based on the activities undertaken by the same user on other, unrelated sites. Our architecture distinguishes itself in the privacy mechanisms it provides: each u s e r c o n trols what information a merchant can learn about her activities at other merchants, and each merchant controls to what other merchants the information it contributes is revealed. To a c hieve t h i s w e i n troduce novel data protection mechanisms for merchants and users. We further describe aspects of a prototype implementation of our architecture.
G‐type quartz crystal resonator with supporting portions in length or width direction of vibrational portion (1991)

Abstract The objective of this paper is to provide a miniature quartz crystal resonator with a frequency around 1 MHz. Here, a new G‐type crystal resonator made of the vibrational portion and the supporting portion is presented. The frequency constant, frequency‐temperature characteristic and electrical characteristics are investigated theoretically and experimentally. The study is conducted with a view to realizing a small quartz crystal resonator superior in the frequency‐temperature characteristics and the electrical characteristics. First, the vibration analysis or the experimental investigation is carried out for the case of supporting portions in the length or width direction of the vibrational portion. It is understood that there exists a zero temperature coefficient in either case and that the series resistance R 1 is smaller for the structure with a supporting portion in the width direction. With the cut angles ø =‐60 ∼−70°, and θ = 45° in the present resonator, the frequency constant is much smaller than the one in the GT cut. It is shown that a small quartz crystal resonator can be realized at frequencies near 1 MHz.