gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview of Multiphase Power Converters for Aerospace Applications (2008)

<span class="label">1</span> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Aircraft electrical power is generated in the form of three-phase alternating current. Most electrical loads require DC power to operate; therefore the conversion from AC to DC power is required. The direct rectification of 3-phase AC power into DC power is simple and straightforward; however, it creates unacceptable levels of current distortion. Multiphase power conversion is one of several technologies capable of AC to DC power conversion with low distortion levels that meet aerospace power quality standards.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A typical autotransformer based multiphase converter contains two major functional blocks: a multiphase autotransformer and rectifier. Autotransformer rectifier units (ATRUs) have a low part count, and are highly reliable. There are only a few low frequency switching components with this topology, so EMI emissions are relatively low when compared to high frequency switching techniques.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Where voltage regulation is not critical, multiphase converters offer a reliable, low weight, and low cost solution meeting demands of today's aerospace application needs.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper reviews the principles of multiphase power conversion technology. The following topics are covered in detail.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph"> <ul class="list disc"> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">12-pulse, 18-pulse, and 30-pulse converters</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Current harmonic spectrums and filtering</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The effects of leakage inductance and power source phase sequence on power quality</div> </li> <li class="list-item"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Trade offs between topology selections, performance, and converter weight</div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Examples of converter modeling and performance data from selected designs are included in this paper.</div>
Coupled Factorial Hidden Markov Models (CFHMM) for Diagnosing Multiple and Coupled Faults (2013)

In this paper, we formulate a coupled factorial hidden Markov model-based (CFHMM) framework to diagnose dependent faults occurring over time (dynamic case). In our previous research, the problem of diagnosing multiple faults over time (dynamic multiple fault diagnosis (DMFD)) is solved based on a sequence of test outcomes by assuming that the faults and their time evolution are independent. This problem is NP-hard, and, consequently, we developed a polynomial approximation algorithm using Lagrangian relaxation within a FHMM framework. Here, we extend this formulation to a mixed memory Markov coupling model, termed dynamic coupled fault diagnosis (DCFD) problem, to determine the most likely sequence of (dependent) fault states, the one that best explains the observed test outcomes over time. An iterative Gauss-Seidel coordinate ascent optimization method is proposed for solving the DCFD problem. A soft Viterbi algorithm is also implemented within the framework for decoding-dependent fault states over time. We demonstrate the algorithm on simulated systems with coupled faults and the results show that this approach improves the correct isolation rate (CI) as compared to the formulation where independent fault states (DMFD) are assumed. As a by-product, we show empirically that, while diagnosing for independent faults, the DMFD algorithm based on block coordinate ascent method, although it does not provide a measure of suboptimality, provides better primal cost and higher CI than the Lagrangian relaxation method for independent fault case. Two real-world examples (a hybrid electric vehicle, and a mobile autonomous robot) with coupled faults are also used to evaluate the proposed framework.
Gegen Malaria wirksame 6‐Aminochinoline, II. 6‐[ω‐Diäthylamino‐alkylamino]‐ und 6‐[ω‐Amino‐alkylamino]‐5.8‐dimethoxy‐chinaldine (1971)

Abstract Zwölf in 6‐Stellung basisch alkylierte 6‐Amino‐5.8‐dimethoxy‐chinaldine mit den Seiten‐ketten (C 2 H 5 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) n NH (n = 2, 3; 15 , 16 ) und H 2 N(CH 2 ) n CHRNH(n = 19, R  H, CH 3 ; 21a – k ) wurden synthetisiert, um den Einfluß der basischen Seitenkette auf Malaria‐Wirksamkeit und Toxizität der 6‐Amino‐chinoline zu untersuchen.
Gut microbiota from multiple sclerosis patients enables spontaneous autoimmune encephalomyelitis in mice (2017)

There is emerging evidence that the commensal microbiota has a role in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative autoimmune disease of the CNS. Here, we compared the gut microbial composition of 34 monozygotic twin pairs discordant for MS. While there were no major differences in the overall microbial profiles, we found a significant increase in some taxa such as <i>Akkermansia</i> in untreated MS twins. Furthermore, most notably, when transplanted to a transgenic mouse model of spontaneous brain autoimmunity, MS twin-derived microbiota induced a significantly higher incidence of autoimmunity than the healthy twin-derived microbiota. The microbial profiles of the colonized mice showed a high intraindividual and remarkable temporal stability with several differences, including <i>Sutterella</i>, an organism shown to induce a protective immunoregulatory profile in vitro. Immune cells from mouse recipients of MS-twin samples produced less IL-10 than immune cells from mice colonized with healthy-twin samples. IL-10 may have a regulatory role in spontaneous CNS autoimmunity, as neutralization of the cytokine in mice colonized with healthy-twin fecal samples increased disease incidence. These findings provide evidence that MS-derived microbiota contain factors that precipitate an MS-like autoimmune disease in a transgenic mouse model. They hence encourage the detailed search for protective and pathogenic microbial components in human MS.
DAPPLE: A Pipelined Data Parallel Approach for Training Large Models (2020)

It is a challenging task to train large DNN models on sophisticated GPU platforms with diversified interconnect capabilities. Recently, pipelined training has been proposed as an effective approach for improving device utilization. However, there are still several tricky issues to address: improving computing efficiency while ensuring convergence, and reducing memory usage without incurring additional computing costs. We propose DAPPLE, a synchronous training framework which combines data parallelism and pipeline parallelism for large DNN models. It features a novel parallelization strategy planner to solve the partition and placement problems, and explores the optimal hybrid strategy of data and pipeline parallelism. We also propose a new runtime scheduling algorithm to reduce device memory usage, which is orthogonal to re-computation approach and does not come at the expense of training throughput. Experiments show that DAPPLE planner consistently outperforms strategies generated by PipeDream's planner by up to 3.23x under synchronous training scenarios, and DAPPLE runtime outperforms GPipe by 1.6x speedup of training throughput and reduces the memory consumption of 12% at the same time.
Stochastic Prediction of Multi-Agent Interactions from Partial\n Observations (2019)

We present a method that learns to integrate temporal information, from a\nlearned dynamics model, with ambiguous visual information, from a learned\nvision model, in the context of interacting agents. Our method is based on a\ngraph-structured variational recurrent neural network (Graph-VRNN), which is\ntrained end-to-end to infer the current state of the (partially observed)\nworld, as well as to forecast future states. We show that our method\noutperforms various baselines on two sports datasets, one based on real\nbasketball trajectories, and one generated by a soccer game engine.\n
The Development of Micromachined Gyroscope Structure and Circuitry Technology (2014)

This review surveys micromachined gyroscope structure and circuitry technology. The principle of micromachined gyroscopes is first introduced. Then, different kinds of MEMS gyroscope structures, materials and fabrication technologies are illustrated. Micromachined gyroscopes are mainly categorized into micromachined vibrating gyroscopes (MVGs), piezoelectric vibrating gyroscopes (PVGs), surface acoustic wave (SAW) gyroscopes, bulk acoustic wave (BAW) gyroscopes, micromachined electrostatically suspended gyroscopes (MESGs), magnetically suspended gyroscopes (MSGs), micro fiber optic gyroscopes (MFOGs), micro fluid gyroscopes (MFGs), micro atom gyroscopes (MAGs), and special micromachined gyroscopes. Next, the control electronics of micromachined gyroscopes are analyzed. The control circuits are categorized into typical circuitry and special circuitry technologies. The typical circuitry technologies include typical analog circuitry and digital circuitry, while the special circuitry consists of sigma delta, mode matching, temperature/quadrature compensation and novel special technologies. Finally, the characteristics of various typical gyroscopes and their development tendency are discussed and investigated in detail.
Sodium Lauryl Sulfate Abrogates Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infectivity by Affecting Viral Attachment (2001)

The microbicidal activity of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was studied in cultured cells. Pretreatment of HIV-1(NL4-3) with SLS decreased, in a concentration-dependent manner, its infectivity when using 1G5 as target cells. In the absence of a viral pretreatment period or when 1G5 cells were pretreated with SLS, the surfactant-induced inactivation of viral infectivity was less pronounced, especially at concentrations between 375 and 550 microM. SLS had no effect on HIV-1 when the virus was adsorbed to 1G5 cells by a 2-h incubation period. SLS almost completely inhibited the fusion process by decreasing the attachment of HIV-1 to target cells. SLS also inhibited the infectivity of HIV-1-based luciferase reporter viruses pseudotyped with the amphotropic murine leukemia virus envelope (which enters cells in a CD4-, CCR5-, and CXCR4-independent manner), indicating that SLS may inactivate other envelope viruses. In contrast, no effect was seen with vesicular stomatitis virus envelope glycoprotein G (which enters cells through receptor-mediated endocytosis) pretreated with up to 700 microM SLS. SLS also decreased, in a dose-dependent manner, the HIV-1-dependent syncytium formation between 1G5 and J1.1 cells after a 24-h incubation. The reduction of luciferase activity was more pronounced when J1.1 cells (which express HIV-1 proteins on their surface) were pretreated with SLS rather than 1G5 cells. Taken together, our results suggest that SLS could represent a candidate of choice for use in vaginal microbicides to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV and possibly other pathogens causing sexually transmitted diseases.
Neural-network hybrid control for antilock braking systems (2003)

The antilock braking systems are designed to maximize wheel traction by preventing the wheels from locking during braking, while also maintaining adequate vehicle steerability; however, the performance is often degraded under harsh road conditions. In this paper, a hybrid control system with a recurrent neural network (RNN) observer is developed for antilock braking systems. This hybrid control system is comprised of an ideal controller and a compensation controller. The ideal controller, containing an RNN uncertainty observer, is the principal controller; and the compensation controller is a compensator for the difference between the system uncertainty and the estimated uncertainty. Since for dynamic response the RNN has capabilities superior to the feedforward NN, it is utilized for the uncertainty observer. The Taylor linearization technique is employed to increase the learning ability of the RNN. In addition, the on-line parameter adaptation laws are derived based on a Lyapunov function, so the stability of the system can be guaranteed. Simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed NN hybrid control system for antilock braking control under various road conditions.
Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 (FGF2) and Insulin Transferrin Selenium (ITS) on In Vitro Maturation, Fertilization and Embryo Development in Sheep (2015)

The present study evaluated the effect of fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) and insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) to the in vitro maturation and embryo culture media on ovine oocyte maturation, cleavage and embryo development. Oocytes having more than five layers of unexpanded cumulus cells and granular homogenous ooplasm were cultured into 50 μL droplets of eight different culture systems: (i) TCM-199 (Tissue Culture Medium-199); (ii) TCM-199+10 ng/mL FGF2; (iii) TCM-199+20 ng/mL FGF2; (iv) TCM-199+30 ng/mL FGF2; (v) TCM-199+10 ng/mL ITS; (vi) TCM-199+20 ng/mL ITS; (vii) TCM-199+30 ng/mL ITS and (viii) TCM-199+20 ng/mL ITS+20 ng/mL FGF2 in a CO2 incubator at 38.50C for 24 h. All the oocyte culture media were supplemented with 10% FBS, FSH (10 μg/mL) and gentamicin (50 µg/mL). The maturation rate was assessed based on the degree of expansion of cumulus cells and identifying first polar body extrusion into perivitelline space. The matured oocytes were inseminated with 1 to 2 million spermatozoa/mL in Brackett and Oliphant medium and the cleavage rate was checked after 42-48 h post insemination and further cultured for 6-7 days. Maturation and cleavage rates were significantly higher (P<0.05) in the oocytes cultured in TCM-199 +10% FBS+FSH (10 μg/mL) supplemented with both 20 ng/mL ITS and 20 ng/mL FGF2 as compared to the control. It was concluded that the supplementation of ITS and FGF2 in maturation medium was beneficial for improving maturation and cleavage rates of sheep oocytes. The addition of ITS and FGF2 in embryo culture medium did not improve the development of sheep embryos.
Interconnections between Sigma B, <i>agr</i> , and Proteolytic Activity in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Biofilm Maturation (2009)

Staphylococcus aureus is a proficient biofilm former on host tissues and medical implants. We mutagenized S. aureus strain SH1000 to identify loci essential for ica-independent mechanisms of biofilm maturation and identified multiple insertions in the rsbUVW-sigB operon. Following construction and characterization of a sigB deletion, we determined that the biofilm phenotype was due to a lack of sigma factor B (SigB) activity. The phenotype was conserved in a sigB mutant of USA300 strain LAC, a well-studied community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolate. We determined that agr RNAIII levels were elevated in the sigB mutants, and high levels of RNAIII expression are known to have antibiofilm effects. By introducing an agr mutation into the SH1000 or LAC sigB deletion strain, S. aureus regained biofilm capacity, indicating that the biofilm phenotype was agr dependent. Protease activity is linked to agr activity and ica-independent biofilm formation, and we observed that the protease inhibitors phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and alpha-macroglobulin could reverse the sigB biofilm defect. Similarly, inactivating genes encoding both the aureolysin and Spl extracellular proteases in the sigB mutant restored biofilm capacity. Due to the growing link between murein hydrolase activity and biofilm maturation, autolysin zymography was performed, which revealed an altered profile in the sigB mutant; again, the phenotype could be repaired through protease inactivation. These findings indicate that the lack of SigB activity results in increased RNAIII expression, thus elevating extracellular protease levels and altering the murein hydrolase activity profile. Altogether, our observations demonstrate that SigB is an essential regulator of S. aureus biofilm maturation.
Microwave characterization of 2-D random materials: numerical simulations and experiments (1998)

It is difficult to know what sample dimension allows us to characterize a heterogeneous material in the microwave range. To this end, in this paper, we emphasize the role of characteristic homogenization sizes for the determination of effective medium properties. We have performed a Monte Carlo (MC) numerical simulation of the reflection coefficient of a two-dimensional (2-D) plane composed of randomly distributed nonmagnetic conducting sticks. This method consists of determining the scattered field by integrating Maxwell's equations on a periodic realization of the plane, obtained by randomly dropping d sticks (per unit surface) on a square of side T periodically repeated in the plane. We show that the reflection coefficient strongly depends on the length introduced for the homogenization of this medium and tends to a steady value beyond a characteristic homogenization length T. We consider only the case where there is no current from one stick to another; in other words, there are only isolated sticks. After demonstrating the existence of a minimum homogenization size T/sub c/, beyond which this sample can be considered as "homogenizable", we define an intrinsic parameter called the "square impedance", Measurements in the frequency range of 2-18 GHz have been carried out in free space in a broad-band lens focusing facility. Numerical results have been compared to the effective medium theory (EMT) results and validated by measurements.
Ionic liquids for rechargeable lithium batteries (2005)

We have investigated possible anticipated advantages of ionic-liquid electrolytes for use in lithium-ion batteries. Thermal stabilities and phase behavior were studied by thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The ionic liquids studied include various imidazoliumTFSI systems, pyrrolidiniumTFSI, BMIMPF{sub 6}, BMIMBF{sub 4}, and BMIMTf. Thermal stabilities were measured for neat ionic liquids and for BMIMBF{sub 4}-LiBF{sub 4}, BMIMTf-LiTf, BMIMTFSI-LiTFSI mixtures. Conductivities have been measured for various ionic-liquid lithium-salt systems. We show the development of interfacial impedance in a Li|BMIMBF{sub 4} + LiBF{sub 4}|Li cell and we report results from cycling experiments for a Li|BMIMBF{sub 4} + 1 mol/kg LIBF{sub 4}|C cell. The interfacial resistance increases with time and the ionic liquid reacts with the lithium electrode. As expected, imidazolium-based ionic liquids react with lithium electrodes. We seek new ionic liquids that have better chemical stabilities.
Clothing insulation and temperature, layer and mass of clothing under comfortable environmental conditions (2013)

This study was designed to investigate the relationship between the microclimate temperature and clothing insulation (Icl) under comfortable environmental conditions. In total, 20 subjects (13 women, 7 men) took part in this study. Four environmental temperatures were chosen: 14°C (to represent March/April), 25°C (May/June), 29°C (July/August), and 23°C (September/October). Wind speed (0.14ms-1) and humidity (45%) were held constant. Clothing microclimate temperatures were measured at the chest (Tchest) and on the interscapular region (Tscapular). Clothing temperature of the innermost layer (Tinnermost) was measured on this layer 30 mm above the centre of the left breast. Subjects were free to choose the clothing that offered them thermal comfort under each environmental condition. We found the following results. 1) All clothing factors except the number of lower clothing layers (Llower), showed differences between the different environmental conditions (P<0.05). The ranges of Tchest were 31.6 to 33.5°C and 32.2 to 33.4°C in Tscapular. The range of Tinnermost was 28.6 to 32.0°C. The range of the upper clothing layers (Lupper) and total clothing mass (Mtotal) was 1.1 to 3.2 layers and 473 to 1659 g respectively. The range of Icl was 0.78 to 2.10 clo. 2) Post hoc analyses showed that analysis of Tinnermost produced the same results as for that of Icl. Likewise, the analysis of Lupper produced the same result as the analysis of the number of total layers (Ltotal) within an outfit. 3) Air temperature (ta) had positive relationships with Tchest and Tscapular and with Tinnermost but had inverse correlations with Icl, Mtotal, Lupper and Ltotal. Tchest, Tscapular, and Tinnermost increased as ta rose. 4) Icl had inverse relationships with Tchest and Tinnermost, but positive relationships with Mtotal, Lupper and Ltotal. Icl could be estimated by Mtotal, Lupper, and Tscapular using a multivariate linear regression model. 5) Lupper had positive relationships with Icl and Mtotal, but Llower did not. Subjects hardly changed Llower under environmental comfort conditions between March and October. This indicates that each of the Tchest, Mtotal, and Lupper was a factor in predicting Icl. Tinnermost might also be a more influential factor than the clothing microclimate temperature.
Face detection authentication on Smartphones: End Users Usability Assessment Experiences (2019)

New smartphones by Apple and Samsung have used facial features to recognize their users. These smartphone manufacturers claim that this technology is the most secure and reliable biometrics methods. This paper investigates the usability aspects of face identification technique embedded in these smartphones. The results of this survey have shown that more than half of smartphone users are satisfied with the face detection technique while unlocking their phone. However, 59 percent of smartphones don't use face detection technique while doing purchasing in the app store, showing less trust on this feature where financial transactions are involved. Additionally, the result showed wearing head accessories have reduced the efficiency of face detection technique such as glasses and niqab for Muslim women. Despite some usability issues in using face detection technique, majority still believe it is a powerful tool and they are willing to continue using it.
Nitric oxide synthase 1 as a potential modifier gene of decline in lung function in patients with cystic fibrosis (2004)

These data suggest a possible link between the NOS1 gene locus and the rate of decline in lung function in patients with CF.
The DataPath system (2010)

Since the 1970's, database systems have been "compute-centric". When a computation needs the data, it requests the data, and the data are pulled through the system. We believe that this is problematic for two reasons. First, requests for data naturally incur high latency as the data are pulled through the memory hierarchy, and second, it makes it difficult or impossible for multiple queries or operations that are interested in the same data to amortize the bandwidth and latency costs associated with their data access.
Driving posture recognition by convolutional neural networks (2015)

Driver fatigue and inattention have long been recognized as the main contributing factors in traffic accidents. Development of intelligent driver assistance systems with embeded functionality of driver vigilance monitoring is therefore an urgent and challenging task. This paper presents a novel system which applies convolutional neural network to automatically learn and predict four driving postures. The main idea is to monitor driver hand position with discriminative information extracted to predict safe/unsafe driving posture. In comparison to previous approaches, convolutional neural networks (CNN) can automatically learn discriminative features directly from raw images. In our works, a CNN model was first pre-trained by an unsupervised feature learning called using sparse filtering, and subsequently fine-tuned with four classes of labeled data. The Approach was verified using the Southeast University Driving-Posture Dataset, which comprised of video clips covering four driving postures, including normal driving, responding to a cell phone call, eating and smoking. Compared to other popular approaches with different image descriptor and classification, our method achieves the best performance with a overall accuracy of 99.78%.