gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Biological Sensor for the Detection of Toxicants. (1984)

Abstract : A method and an apparatus are described for rapidly detecting toxicants via the use of a first carbon dioxide sensing cell and a second reference carbon dioxide sensing cell, with each sensing cell including a first chamber and a second chamber, separated by a carbon dioxide permeable membrane, and a pH sensor disposed in each of the second chambers. The method includes the step of placing distilled water in the first chamber of each cell, and allowing its dissolved carbon dioxide to become equilibrated with the water in the second chamber, from which it is separated by the carbon dioxide permeable membrane. Next, exact amounts of a microorganism and sugar are added to small dishes in the first chambers along with control vegetation for one dish and vegetation to be tested to the other dish. Then the first chambers are completely filled with distilled water and the dishes are agitated to facilitate a solution of microorganisms and sugar.
Weavable asymmetric carbon nanotube yarn supercapacitor for electronic textiles (2018)

Asymmetric supercapacitors are receiving much research interests due to their wide operating potential window and high energy density. In this study, we report the fabrication of asymmetrically configured yarn based supercapacitor by using liquid-state biscrolling technology. High loading amounts of reduced graphene oxide anode guest (90.1 wt%) and MnO<sub>2</sub> cathode guest (70 wt%) materials were successfully embedded into carbon nanotube yarn host electrodes. The resulting asymmetric yarn supercapacitor coated by gel based organic electrolyte (PVDF-HFP-TEA·BF<sub>4</sub>) exhibited wider potential window (up to 3.5 V) and resulting high energy density (43 μW h cm<sup>-2</sup>). Moreover, the yarn electrodes were mechanically strong enough to be woven into commercial textiles. The textile supercapacitor exhibited stable electrochemical energy storage performances during dynamically applied deformations.
A Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon Photonic/LiNbO<sub>3</sub>Electro-Optic Modulator (2019)

We present a heterogeneous CMOS compatible Mach-Zehnder modulator simultaneously utilizing the electro-optic effect in LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and taking advantage of the benefits of silicon photonics. Aside from the final step of bonding the LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , this modulator can be entirely fabricated using CMOS facilities.
Growth mechanism of AlN by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy (2004)

The phenomena that accompany the growth of aluminum nitride (AlN) by metal-organic molecular beam epitaxy with trimethylaluminum and ammonia as sources of aluminum and nitrogen, respectively, have been systematically investigated. Optimizing the growth temperature, flux ratios, and the ammonia injector temperature, we obtained an efficient growth with a rate of 500nm∕h and a low consumption of ammonia. Layers of AlN with x-ray diffraction linewidth as low as 141arcsec for the (0002) reflection, and 800arcsec for the (11-24) reflection are demonstrated on Si(111) substrates. High temperatures of ammonia injector result in lower growth rates but facilitate transition to the two-dimensional growth. These phenomena are discussed in terms of surface hydrogen, manifested through surfactant effect, and passivation of nitrogen bonds.
Conducting, Waterborne Lignosulfonic Acid-Doped Polyaniline (1999)

Polyaniline (PANi) was synthesized by using lignosulfonic acid as a template/dopant and ammonium persulfate as the oxidizing agent. The product was water-borne and showed a conductivity of 10-1 S/cm lignosulfonic add-poiyaniHne (Ligno-PANi) was characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy which showed peaks for both benzenoid and quinoid moieties. After Soxhlet extraction with water and methanol, Ligno-PANi was characterized by UV-Vis and NMR spectra and showed peaks for lignosulfonate in addition to that for polyaniline thereby providing spectroscopic evidence for probable grafting of the polyaniline chain to lignosulfonate. Thermal stability of Ligno-PANi was compared with hydrochloric acid doped Polyaniline (HCl-PANi) and results indicated the Ligno-PANi was slightly less stable than its HCl counterpart.
Optically Controllable Composite Dielectric Based on Photo-Conductive Particulates (2014)

We report a method to optically control the effective permittivity of a composite dielectric in which the active inclusions are fabricated from pulverized semi-insulating GaAs. The electric dipoles from the inclusions are controlled by photo-generation of charge carriers using infrared light. An infrared transparent binder provides the matrix material. Our primary purpose is to develop a low-cost pigment-based ink, or paint, for optically tuning electromagnetic devices including metamaterials, frequency-selective surfaces, filters, phase delays, and antennas. In bulk form, applications of the optically controllable dielectric are imagined including a gradient index lens in which inhomogeneous light intensity can provide a dynamic response for focusing or steering of beams. An important feature is that the effective permittivity is linear with electric field intensity over a usable parameter space. We present experimental results as well as a simple model to describe the behavior qualitatively.
Data Association and Bullet Tracking Algorithms for the Fight Sight Experiment (2005)

Previous LLNL investigators developed a bullet and projectile tracking system over a decade ago. Renewed interest in the technology has spawned research that culminated in a live-fire experiment, called Fight Sight, in September 2005. The experiment was more complex than previous LLNL bullet tracking experiments in that it included multiple shooters with simultaneous fire, new sensor-shooter geometries, large amounts of optical clutter, and greatly increased sensor-shooter distances. This presentation describes the data association and tracking algorithms for the Fight Sight experiment. Image processing applied to the imagery yields a sequence of bullet features which are input to a data association routine. The data association routine matches features with existing tracks, or initializes new tracks as needed. A Kalman filter is used to smooth and extrapolate existing tracks. The Kalman filter is also used to back-track bullets to their point of origin, thereby revealing the location of the shooter. It also provides an error ellipse for each shooter, quantifying the uncertainty of shooter location. In addition to describing the data association and tracking algorithms, several examples from the Fight Sight experiment are also presented.
III-Nitride Digital Alloy: Electronics and Optoelectronics Properties of the InN/GaN Ultra-Short Period Superlattice Nanostructures (2017)

The III-Nitride digital alloy (DA) is comprehensively studied as a short-period superlattice nanostructure consisting of ultra-thin III-Nitride epitaxial layers. By stacking the ultra-thin III-Nitride epitaxial layers periodically, these nanostructures are expected to have comparable optoelectronic properties as the conventional III-Nitride alloys. Here we carried out numerical studies on the InGaN DA showing the tunable optoelectronic properties of the III-Nitride DA. Our study shows that the energy gap of the InGaN DA can be tuned from ~0.63 eV up to ~2.4 eV, where the thicknesses and the thickness ratio of each GaN and InN ultra-thin binary layers within the DA structure are the key factors for tuning bandgap. Correspondingly, the absorption spectra of the InGaN DA yield broad wavelength tunability which is comparable to that of bulk InGaN ternary alloy. In addition, our investigation also reveals that the electron-hole wavefunction overlaps are remarkably large in the InGaN DA structure despite the existence of strain effect and build-in polarization field. Our findings point out the potential of III-Nitride DA as an artificially engineered nanostructure for optoelectronic device applications.
Practical Binary Adaptive Block Coder (2007)

This paper describes design of a low-complexity algorithm for adaptive encoding/ decoding of binary sequences produced by memoryless sources. The algorithm implements universal block codes constructed for a set of contexts identified by the numbers of non-zero bits in previous bits in a sequence. We derive a precise formula for asymptotic redundancy of such codes, which refines previous well-known estimate by Krichevsky and Trofimov, and provide experimental verification of this result. In our experimental study we also compare our implementation with existing binary adaptive encoders, such as JBIG's Q-coder, and MPEG AVC (ITU-T H.264)'s CABAC algorithms.
3-D Optical Data Storage in Transparent Materials (1996)

Three-dimensional optical data storage offers the potential for very large recording capacity and has the possibility of parallel read-out. In addition to research in volume holographic data storage, work has been done in point-like binary 3-D optical storage. Optical recording at a density of 1.6×10 12 bits/cm 3 has been demonstrated in a photopolymer using two-photon absorption [1]. The stored information consisted of less than 1% changes in the local index of refraction, and was read out serially with a differential interference contrast (DIC) laser microscope.
Dependence of Anionic Species on Li/LiCoO2 Cell Performance Using Ionic Liquids composed of N,N-Diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Reducing Uncertainties in Production Forecasts by Constraining Geological Modeling to Dynamic Data (1999)

Abstract Building reservoir geological models that are consistent with all available information is necessary to reduce uncertainties in production forecasts. The stochastic/geostatistical approach is the only feasible way of integrating all kinds of data ranging from the geological knowledge to the production history. A stochastic model is chosen that accounts for geological knowledge, and geostatistical simulation provides realizations of the stochastic model. These realizations can be conditioned to static data at well locations to reduce the model uncertainty in the area where data are available. All along the different stages of a field life more and more dynamic data are available. This paper addresses the issue of generating model realizations that account for available dynamic data to further reduce uncertainty in the underlying geological model. A general tool has been developed to build geostatistical realizations that match both the available geological and dynamic data. The core of this tool is the Gradual Deformation Method that allows consistent modification of a realization in a continuous way. This method can be combined with a nonlinear optimization method for constraining realizations of a stochastic model to dynamic data. This approach is operational for Gaussian or non- Gaussian pixel based models. Model realizations can be deformed globally or locally while preserving the geostatistical characteristics. Several examples are provided to illustrate different features of the gradual deformation approach.
Learning to tell brake and turn signals in videos using CNN-LSTM structure (2017)

We present a method that learns to tell rear signals from a number of frames using a deep learning framework. The proposed framework extracts spatial features with a convolution neural network (CNN), and then applies a long short term memory (LSTM) network to learn the long-term dependencies. The brake signal classifier is trained using RGB frames, while the turn signal is recognized via a two-step localization approach. The two separate classifiers are learned to recognize the static brake signals and the dynamic turn signals. As a result, our recognition system can recognize 8 different rear signals via the combined two classifiers in real-world traffic scenes. Experimental results show that our method is able to obtain more accurate predictions than using only the CNN to classify rear signals with time sequence inputs.
New Design Concept and Flight Test of Superpressure Balloon. (2001)

A new ballon design method named ‘three-dimensional gore design’ was developed. It is based on a pumpkin shape balloon with bulges of small radii between adjacent load tapes without the help of film extensibility. This type of balloon can be manufactured with gores having a size larger than that of the conventional gore. The sides of each gore are fixed to the adjacent short load tapes with controlled shortening rates. The gore length is chosen so as not to create any meridional tension. Hence, the superpressure limit of these balloons is simply given as film strength divided by bulge radius. As the limit does not depend on the balloon size, a large balloon with a high superpressure limit can be easily constructed without strong films. A test flight as well as indoor inflation and burst experiment showed that this new design method can realize a larger and lighter superpressure balloon capable of suspending a heavy payload in the stratosphere.
Interferometric side-diffraction position monitoring technique for writing long fiber Bragg gratings (2004)

A new fiber position monitoring method based on the side-diffraction interference technique is proposed and demonstrated to be able to assist the fabrication of long fiber Bragg gratings by sequential UV writing.
Calcium-sensing receptor: A new target for therapy of diarrhea (2016)

Management of acute diarrhea remains a global challenge, particularly in resource-limiting countries. Oral rehydration solution (ORS), a passive rehydrating therapy developed approximately 40 years ago, remains the mainstay treatment. Although ORS is effective for hydration, since it does not inhibit enterotoxin-mediated excessive secretion, reduced absorption and compromised barrier function - the primary mechanisms of diarrhea, ORS does not offer a rapid relief of diarrhea symptom. There are a few alternative therapies available, yet the use of these drugs is limited by their expense, lack of availability and/or safety concerns. Novel anti-diarrheal therapeutic approaches, particularly those simple affordable therapies, are needed. This article explores intestinal calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a newly uncovered target for therapy of diarrhea. Unlike others, targeting this host antidiarrheal receptor system appears "all-inclusive": it is anti-secretory, pro-absorptive, anti-motility, and anti-inflammatory. Thus, activating CaSR reverses changes of both secretory and inflammatory diarrheas. Considering its unique property of using simple nutrients such as calcium, polyamines, and certain amino acids/oligopeptides as activators, it is possible that through targeting of CaSR with a combination of specific nutrients, novel oral rehydrating solutions that are inexpensive and practical to use in all countries may be developed.
Identification of proteins that specifically recognize and bind protofibrillar aggregates of amyloid-β (2017)

Protofibrils of the 42 amino acids long amyloid-β peptide are transient pre-fibrillar intermediates in the process of peptide aggregation into amyloid plaques and are thought to play a critical role in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Hence, there is a need for research reagents and potential diagnostic reagents for detection and imaging of such aggregates. Here we describe an in vitro selection of Affibody molecules that bind to protofibrils of Aβ<sub>42</sub>cc, which is a stable engineered mimic of wild type Aβ<sub>42</sub> protofibrils. Several binders were identified that bind Aβ<sub>42</sub>cc protofibrils with low nanomolar affinities, and which also recognize wild type Aβ<sub>42</sub> protofibrils. Dimeric head-to-tail fusion proteins with subnanomolar binding affinities, and very slow dissociation off-rates, were also constructed. A mapping of the chemical properties of the side chains onto the Affibody scaffold surface reveals three distinct adjacent surface areas of positively charged surface, nonpolar surface and a polar surface, which presumably match a corresponding surface epitope on the protofibrils. The results demonstrate that the engineered Aβ<sub>42</sub>cc is a suitable antigen for directed evolution of affinity reagents with specificity for wild type Aβ<sub>42</sub> protofibrils.
Hypersensitivity of Lymphocytes from Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients to Ultraviolet Light-C Radiation (1999)

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) results in the accumulation of mature immunologically defective lymphocytes in GO phase. Lymphocytes from CLL patients were exposed to UVC radiation to determine whether these cells are capable of undergoing apoptosis, as a response to DNA damage. Lymphocytes from CLL patients were found to be readily killed by ultraviolet light-C (UVC) radiation. Cells from healthy donors were minimally affected by doses of UVC ten times higher then those which caused dramatic drops in the metabolism of CLL cells. At four hours after irradiation, the reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) had dropped by 50% for CLL cells exposed to a dose of 10 J/m2. In contrast, there was no significant drop for healthy cells exposed to 100 J/m2. Cell death was measured by trypan blue staining, flow cytometry of Annexin V-PI stained cells, and Wright staining. By 24 hours after irradiation, significant amounts of cell death were observed in CLL cells at doses which had no significant effects on viability of healthy lymphocytes. The extreme sensitivity of CLL lymphocytes to UVC indicates that phototherapy should be explored as a potential treatment for this neoplasm.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Palladium Complexes [(NHC)Pd(acac)Cl]: Improved Synthesis and Catalytic Activity in Large‐Scale Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An efficient protocol for geographically addressed streaming (2014)

Scalable wireless geographically addressed messaging has been shown to enable applications critical to the core missions of field operation teams. In particular, the Scalable Ad hoc Geocast Protocol (SAGP) has been used to implement a scalable field common operating picture among smartphone class devices, as well as reliable multimedia messaging and distributed collaboration under challenging field conditions. In this paper, we study a third category: streaming applications. In geographically addressed streaming, one wishes to distribute a data feed to all devices in a geographic area. Example uses include voice calls (both 1-1 and group), distribution of video to operators in an area, and speeding up the distribution of large files. While SAGP itself may be used to implement robust streaming, this paper describes a novel enhancement to SAGP, termed Follow cast, that exploits the properties of streaming applications to obtain efficient and scalable bandwidth use while maintaining acceptable reliability. This paper describes Follow cast and two applications of it. It then evaluates its efficiency and reliability through measurements of a smartphone prototype, simulations, and analysis.
Nanoscale Electroless Metal Deposition in Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (1998)

Arrays of aligned, multiwalled carbon nanotubes were produced by catalytically pyrolyzing acetylene within the pores of an anodic aluminum oxide template. Small cobalt catalyst particles were predeposited electrochemically at the bottom of the pores. The tube walls consisted of approximately 10 carbon layers with an interlayer spacing of approximately 3.45 Å, somewhat larger than the 3.35 Å interplanar spacing of graphite. The nanotubes were found to be open at one end, making it possible fill the tubes with metals or other materials. Nickel and cobalt metals were deposited in the interior of the tubes using nanoscale electroless deposition. The deposited metals included small quantities of phosphorus or boron, according to the reducing agent used in the electroless deposition process (hypophosphite or dimethylamine−borane). The deposits in general consisted of discontinuous, polycrystalline metal filling most of the length of the nanotube, but in the case of Co reduced with hypophosphite, continuous polycrystalline deposits of up to 3 μm were observed. The Ni crystallites inside the tubes had fcc structures with cell constants of 3.56 Å, slightly larger than the 3.52 Å lattice constant of bulk nickel possibly due to the inclusion of P.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole polymers as organic semiconductors and optical materials (2008)

The present invention relates to polymers comprising diketopyrrolopyrrole repeating units and their use as org. semiconductor in org. devices, esp. a diode, an org. field effect transistor and/or a solar cell, or a device contg. a diode and/or an org. field effect transistor, and/or a solar cell. The polymers according to the invention have excellent soly. in org. solvents and excellent film-forming properties. In addn., high efficiency of energy conversion, excellent field-effect mobility, good on/off current ratios and/or excellent stability can be obsd., when the polymers according to the invention are used in semiconductor devices or org. photovoltaic (PV) devices (solar cells). [on SciFinder (R)]
Floating Codes for Joint Information Storage in Write Asymmetric Memories (2007)

Memories whose storage cells transit irreversibly between states have been common since the start of the data storage technology. In recent years, flash memories and other non-volatile memories based on floating-gate cells have become a very important family of such memories. We model them by the Write Asymmetric Memory (WAM), a memory where each cell is in one of q states - state 0,1,..., q-1 - and can only transit from a lower state to a higher state. Data stored in a WAM can be rewritten by shifting the cells to higher states. Since the state transition is irreversible, the number of times of rewriting is limited. When multiple variables are stored in a WAM, we study codes, which we call floating codes, that maximize the total number of times the variables can be written and rewritten. In this paper, we present several families of floating codes that either are optimal, or approach optimality as the codes get longer. We also present bounds to the performance of general floating codes. The results show that floating codes can integrate the rewriting capabilities of different variables to a surprisingly high degree.
Shaken Not Stirred: Perfluoropyridine-Polyalkylether Prepolymers (2022)

The purpose of this work was to employ perfluoropolyalkylethers (PFPAEs) with perfluoropyridines (PFPs) to form telechelic oligomers for use in low-temperature materials. Since perfluoropyridines are very regioselective, various nucleophiles were utilized, starting with an arsenal of PFPAEs such as oligo(hexafluoropropylene oxide) methylene alcohol (Krytox Methylene alcohols), Mach I perfluoroether diol, and Fluorolink E10H. Each reaction was completely successful with PFP using bases such as sodium hydride or the preferred cesium carbonate. Various solvents could be utilized (tetrahydrofuran (THF) or acetonitrile), but dimethylformamide (DMF) was the favored option. Further exploration was accomplished with mechanochemical synthesis, and the majority of the reactions were shortened from their 48 to 72 h reactions to approximately 1 min in good to moderate yields. Finally, Fluorolink E10-H-based bis(perfluoropyridine)-PFPAE was then copolymerized with Bisphenol A, Bisphenol AF, 1,1,1-tris(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethane, and PEG 2000 forming novel materials, which were further characterized with thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).