gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Conversion of multiple analyte cation types to a single analyte anion type via ion/ion charge inversion (2009)

Charge inversion ion/ion reactions can convert several cation types associated with a single analyte molecule to a single anion type for subsequent mass analysis. Specifically, analyte ions present with one of a variety of cationizing agents, such as an excess proton, excess sodium ion, or excess potassium ion, can all be converted to the deprotonated molecule, provided that a stable anion can be generated for the analyte. Multiply deprotonated species that are capable of exchanging a proton for a metal ion serve as the reagent anions for the reaction. This process is demonstrated here for warfarin and for a glutathione conjugate. Examples for several other glutathione conjugates are provided as supplementary material to demonstrate the generality of the reaction. In the case of glutathione conjugates, multiple metal ions can be associated with the singly-charged analyte due to the presence of two carboxylate groups. The charge inversion reaction involves the removal of the excess cationizing agent, as well as any metal ions associated with anionic groups to yield a singly deprotonated analyte molecule. The ability to convert multiple cation types to a single anion type is analytically desirable in cases in which the analyte signal is distributed among several cation types, as is common in the electrospray ionization of solutions with relatively high salt contents. For analyte species that undergo efficient charge inversion, such as glutathione conjugates, there is the additional potential advantage for significantly improved signal-to-noise ratios when species that give rise to 'chemical noise' in the positive ion spectrum do not undergo efficient charge inversion.
Catalytic Multi-Stage Liquefaction of Coal. Fifth quarterly final report, 1 October 1993--31 December 1993 (1994)

This quarterly report covers the activities of Catalytic Multi-Stage Liquefaction of Coal during the Period October 1-- December 31, 1993, at Hydrocarbon Research, Inc. in Lawrenceville and Princeton, New Jersey. This DOE Contract Period is from December 8, 1992 to December 7, 1994. The overall objective of this program is to produce liquid fuels from coal by direct liquefaction at a cost that is competitive with conventional fuels. Specifically, this continuous bench-scale program contains provisions to examine new ideas in areas such as: low temperature pretreatments, more effective catalysts, on-line hydrotreating, new coal feedstocks, other hydrogen sources, more concentrated coal feeds and other highly responsive process improvements while assessing the design and economics of the bench-scale results. This quarterly report covers work on Laboratory Scale Studies, Continuous Bench-Scale Operations, Technical Assessment and Project Management.
Hydraulically damped resilient mounting (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Günter Eberhard, Jürgen Heitzig, Werner Fischer; Hydraulically damped resilient mounting. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 January 1988; 83 (1): 402. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.396246 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Hydrogen Promotion of Low-Temperature Passive Hydrocarbon-Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) over a Silver Catalyst (2008)

Relatively small amounts of H2 (500−3000 ppm) have been added to a real diesel exhaust gas during passive hydrocarbon-selective catalytic reduction (SCR) over a silver catalyst. The added H2 is very effective at promoting low-temperature activity and at sustaining it by removing carbon-rich poisoning species from the catalyst surface. NO2 production by the catalyst appears to be a key step in the self-cleaning process, but it is highly dependent upon the gas-phase concentrations of H2, total NOx, and hydrocarbons and the exhaust-gas temperature. Careful control of H2 addition is therefore required in response to changes in conditions, to maintain suppression of the carbon-rich species without releasing NO2 from the tailpipe. The highest overall NOx reduction can be achieved by operating the engine with exhaust gas recirculation in combination with H2-promoted passive hydrocarbon-SCR as an aftertreatment.
Yellow flowers generated by expression of the aurone biosynthetic pathway (2006)

Flower color is most often conferred by colored flavonoid pigments. Aurone flavonoids confer a bright yellow color on flowers such as snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) and dahlia (Dahlia variabilis). A. majus aureusidin synthase (AmAS1) was identified as the key enzyme that catalyzes aurone biosynthesis from chalcones, but transgenic flowers overexpressing AmAS1 gene failed to produce aurones. Here, we report that chalcone 4'-O-glucosyltransferase (4'CGT) is essential for aurone biosynthesis and yellow coloration in vivo. Coexpression of the Am4'CGT and AmAS1 genes was sufficient for the accumulation of aureusidin 6-O-glucoside in transgenic flowers (Torenia hybrida). Furthermore, their coexpression combined with down-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis by RNA interference (RNAi) resulted in yellow flowers. An Am4'CGT-GFP chimeric protein localized in the cytoplasm, whereas the AmAS1(N1-60)-RFP chimeric protein was localized to the vacuole. We therefore conclude that chalcones are 4'-O-glucosylated in the cytoplasm, their 4'-O-glucosides transported to the vacuole, and therein enzymatically converted to aurone 6-O-glucosides. This metabolic pathway is unique among the known examples of flavonoid, including anthocyanin biosynthesis because, for all other compounds, the carbon backbone is completed before transport to the vacuole. Our findings herein not only demonstrate the biochemical basis of aurone biosynthesis but also open the way to engineering yellow flowers for major ornamental species lacking this color variant.
Using Genetic Algorithms with Subjective Input from Human Subjects: Implications for Fitting Hearing Aids and Cochlear Implants (2007)

The results showed that the GA was able to produce good solutions by using listener preferences in a relatively short time. For practical applications, the program can be made more robust by running the GA twice or by not using an automatic stopping criterion, and it can be made faster by optimizing the number of the paired comparisons completed in each iteration.
Nanoballs: nanoscale faceted polyhedra with large windows and cavities (2001)

Self-assembly of molecular polygons by linking their vertices provides nanosized faceted polyhedra that are porous, contain chemically accessible sites on their facets, are chemically robust, neutral and soluble in common laboratory solvents.
Metamaterial Cathodes in Multi-Cavity Magnetrons (Postprint) (2011)

Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information.
Exploiting social context for review quality prediction (2010)

Online reviews in which users publish detailed commentary about their experiences and opinions with products, services, or events are extremely valuable to users who rely on them to make informed decisions. However, reviews vary greatly in quality and are constantly increasing in number, therefore, automatic assessment of review helpfulness is of growing importance. Previous work has addressed the problem by treating a review as a stand-alone document, extracting features from the review text, and learning a function based on these features for predicting the review quality. In this work, we exploit contextual information about authors' identities and social networks for improving review quality prediction. We propose a generic framework for incorporating social context information by adding regularization constraints to the text-based predictor. Our approach can effectively use the social context information available for large quantities of unlabeled reviews. It also has the advantage that the resulting predictor is usable even when social context is unavailable. We validate our framework within a real commerce portal and experimentally demonstrate that using social context information can help improve the accuracy of review quality prediction especially when the available training data is sparse.
Embedded nonlinear ultrasonics for structural health monitoring of satellite joints (2008)

Responsive space satellites must be assembled and tested in extremely short times. Integrity of structural joints is one of the major concerns during satellite assembly and qualification processes. A structural health monitoring (SHM) approach based on nonlinear ultrasonics is suggested for rapid diagnostics of structural connectors and joints. Embedded piezoelectric sensors are utilized to enable propagation of elastic waves through bolted aluminum panels. Signal parameters indicative of the nonlinear behavior are extracted from the received waveforms and are used for assessment of structural integrity. Experimental studies reveal variation of the nonlinear response of the joint due to applied structural loads. These changes are explored as diagnostic features of the method. We discuss theoretical aspects of the nonlinear wave propagation through joints and provide experimental data showing feasibility of the embedded nonlinear ultrasonics method for monitoring of structural integrity.
Polarization-maintaining fiber with wide temperature resistance (2012)

We have developed a polarization-maintaining fiber with wide temperature resistance and low bending loss. Attenuation, polarization crosstalk, and bending loss at 1550 nm of the fiber are 0.88 dB/km, -24 dB/100m, 1/100 as large as those of conventional one (bending diameter = 20 mm, 10 turns), respectively. Besides, the polarization crosstalk is less than -24 dB/100m at a temperature in the range of -60 to +300oC. As a result this fiber can be used over a wide range of temperature.
Isolating Highly Pure Rat Spermatogonial Stem Cells in Culture (2008)

Methods are detailed for isolating highly pure populations of spermatogonial stem cells from primary cultures of testis cells prepared from 22- to 24-day-old rats. The procedure is based on the principle that testicular somatic cells bind tightly to plastic and collagen matrices when cultured in serum-containing medium, whereas spermatogonia and spermatocytes do not bind to plastic or collagen when cultured in serum-containing medium. The collagen-non-binding testis cells obtained using these procedures are thus approx. 97% pure spermatogenic cells. Stem spermatogonia are then easily isolated from the purified spermatogenic population during a short incubation step in culture on laminin matrix. The spermatogenic cells that bind to laminin are more than 90% undifferentiated, type A spermatogonia and are greatly enriched in genetically modifiable stem cells that can develop into functional spermatozoa. This method does not require flow cytometry and can also be applied to obtain enriched cultures of mouse spermatogonial stem cells. The isolated spermatogonia provide a highly potent and effective source of stem cells that have been used to initiate in vitro and in vivo culture studies on spermatogenesis.
MicroRNA Signatures Predict Liver Dysfunction in Patients Undergoing Liver Resection (2019)

Starlinger, Patrick MD, PhD; Pereyra, David MD; Hubert, Hackl PhD; Geiger, Elisabeth PhD; Tamandl, Dietmar MD, PhD; Brostjan, Christine PhD; Grünberger, Thomas MD; Hackl, Matthias PhD; Assinger, Alice PhD Author Information
Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Infection of a Mycoplasma gallisepticum House Finch-like Strain in Turkey Breeders (2003)

An outbreak of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) in commercial turkeys involving very mild clinical signs was difficult to confirm by routine methods. In the first part of this study (trial A), we conducted a bioassay to increase the likelihood of detecting MG. Susceptible turkeys were inoculated with sinus exudates from four different affected commercial turkey flocks. Turkeys were evaluated for clinical signs, as well as by serology and culture of tracheal swabs, at 21 and 42 days postchallenge. An MG isolate from one of the sinus exudates used for inoculation, designated K5054, was very similar to isolates from house finches when characterized by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis as well as DNA sequence analysis of portions of the phase-variable putative adhesin protein (pvpA) gene, a lipoprotein gene, and the cytadhesin gapA/mgc1 gene. The turkeys inoculated with the K5054 sinus exudate seroconverted in the absence of severe clinical signs. There was a single reisolation of K5054 from these turkeys 42 days postchallenge. Susceptible contact turkeys were commingled with the K5054-inoculated turkeys at 49 days postchallenge. We found no evidence of transmission of MG to the contacts by culture or serology at 7, 21, or 35 days after commingling. In the second part of this study (trial B), we challenged the contacts and K5054 sinus exudate-inoculated turkeys from trial A with virulent R strain 88 days after the K5054 sinus exudate inoculation. On necropsy 10 days postchallenge, the evaluation of gross and microscopic lesions, serology, and culture showed that the turkeys previously inoculated with K5054 sinus exudate were protected against disease and reinfection.
SMT Switch: Software Mechanisms for Power Shifting (2012)

Simultaneous multithreading (SMT) as a processor design to achieve higher levels of system and application throughput is a well-accepted and deployed technique in most desktop and server processors. We study the power implications of varying SMT levels i.e., thread counts per core for various multi-threaded applications on a real SMT multicore platform, and introduce a novel software mechanism of changing SMT level of a core to tune platform power. Power-shifting policies by varying per core SMT levels for performance benefits within a power cap are introduced. Projected power savings (of 15%) for a streaming parallel benchmark can be attained using SMT-level power shifting mechanisms.
Victim management in a cache hierarchy (2006)

We investigate directions for exploiting what might be termed pattern locality in a cache hierarchy, based on recording cache discards or victims. An advantage of storing discard decisions is the reduced duplication of pertinent information, as well as the maintenance of information on the current location of discarded lines. Typical caches are designed to exploit combinations of temporal and spatial locality. Temporal locality, the likelihood that recently referenced data will be referenced again, is exploited by LRU-like algorithms. Spatial locality is the property that causes larger cache lines to yield improved miss ratios. Here we consider the exploitation of pattern locality—the property that lines accessed in temporal proximity tend to be re-referenced together. We describe some new cache structures including pattern-recording features, along with their miss ratio and transfer traffic performance as determined via simulations on traces drawn from several benchmark applications. We show that pattern locality information, based on discard statistics, can be useful in enhancing the quality of prefetch decisions.
A monolithic integrated HEMT-HBT S-band receiver (2002)

Here we report on the world's first monolithically integrated HEMT-HBT MMIC receiver. The S-band receiver MMIC is the first of its kind, integrating a 2-stage HEMT LNA RF amplifier and a HEMT LO amplifier with an HBT double-balanced Gilbert cell mixer using selective MBE. The MMIC achieves greater than 18 dB conversion gain over an RF input band from 1.4-2.6 GHz, a minimum DSB noise figure of 2.3 dB and an IF3 of -0.5 dBm with no IF amplification. In addition, LO-IF and RF-IF isolations in excess of 22 dB and a 2-2 Spur suppression of 40 dBc are obtained due to the use of the double balanced HBT Gilbert cell mixer. The compact MMIC is 7.7/spl times/2.9 mm/sup 2/ and is self-biased from /spl plusmn/5 V supplies with a total dc power consumption of 735 mW. This HEMT-HBT MMIC represents the highest complexity design achieved using the HEMT-HBT selective MBE IC technology and demonstrates size and RF performance advantages over single-technology MMIC and hybrid integrated approaches.
Novel Drp1 inhibitor diminishes aberrant mitochondrial fission and neurotoxicity (2012)

Excessive mitochondrial fission is associated with the pathology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, inhibitors of aberrant mitochondrial fission could provide important research tools in addition to potential leads for drug development. Using a rational approach, we designed a novel and selective peptide inhibitor, P110, of excessive mitochondrial fission. P110 inhibits Drp1 enzyme activity and blocks Drp1/Fis1 interaction in vitro and in cultured neurons, whereas it has no effect on the interaction between Drp1 and other mitochondrial adaptors, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, using a model of Parkinson's disease (PD) in culture, we demonstrated that P110 is neuroprotective by inhibiting mitochondrial fragmentation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently improving mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial integrity. P110 increased neuronal cell viability by reducing apoptosis and autophagic cell death, and reduced neurite loss of primary dopaminergic neurons in this PD cell culture model. We also found that P110 treatment appears to have minimal effects on mitochondrial fission and cell viability under basal conditions. Finally, P110 required the presence of Drp1 to inhibit mitochondrial fission under oxidative stress conditions. Taken together, our findings suggest that P110, as a selective peptide inhibitor of Drp1, might be useful for the treatment of diseases in which excessive mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial dysfunction occur.
Liquid Crystal Alignment on Carbonaceous Surfaces with Orientational Order (2001)

We used near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to link the orientational bond order at three carbonaceous surfaces-rubbed polyimide, ion beam-irradiated polyimide, and ion beam-irradiated diamondlike carbon films-with the direction of liquid crystal (LC) alignment on these surfaces. We show that, in general, LC alignment can be created on any carbonaceous substrate by inducing orientational order at its surface. Our results form the scientific basis for LC alignment layers consisting of amorphous carbon films in which orientational order near the surface is induced by a directional low-energy ion beam.
1550-nm single-mode grating-outcoupled surface emitting lasers (2004)

Single-frequency grating outcoupled surface emitting (GSE) semiconductor lasers emitting at 1550 nm with output powers exceeding 1.6 mW into a multi-mode fiber, threshold currents below 25 mA and with > 30 dB side-mode suppression ratios are reported. These lasers consist of a 500 μm long horizontal cavity, and a 10 μm long second-order outcoupler grating sandwiched between 250 μm long first-order distributed Bragg reflector (DBRs) gratings. Higher output powers can be achieved with longer outcoupler gratings. These GSE lasers operate at 2.5 Gbps and have a full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) beam divergence of 5 x 9 degrees.
Micellar Stability in Biological Media Dictates Internalization in Living Cells (2017)

The dynamic nature of polymeric assemblies makes their stability in biological media a crucial parameter for their potential use as drug delivery systems in vivo. Therefore, it is essential to study and understand the behavior of self-assembled nanocarriers under conditions that will be encountered in vivo such as extreme dilutions and interactions with blood proteins and cells. Herein, using a combination of fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy, we studied four amphiphilic PEG-dendron hybrids and their self-assembled micelles in order to determine their structure-stability relations. The high molecular precision of the dendritic block enabled us to systematically tune the hydrophobicity and stability of the assembled micelles. Using micelles that change their fluorescent properties upon disassembly, we observed that serum proteins bind to and interact with the polymeric amphiphiles in both their assembled and monomeric states. These interactions strongly affected the stability and enzymatic degradation of the micelles. Finally, using spectrally resolved confocal imaging, we determined the relations between the stability of the polymeric assemblies in biological media and their cell entry. Our results highlight the important interplay between molecular structure, micellar stability, and cell internalization pathways, pinpointing the high sensitivity of stability-activity relations to minor structural changes and the crucial role that these relations play in designing effective polymeric nanostructures for biomedical applications.
Use of downstream fluid injection to reduce subsonic jet noise (2019)

A fluid injection scheme consisting of multiple radial microjets located downstream from the nozzle exhaust is analyzed for its ability to suppress far field jet noise. Microjets in cross flow are known to enhance turbulent mixing due to the induced stream-wise vortices. Contrary to previous studies which injected fluid either inside the nozzle or just at the nozzle exhaust, this injection scheme uses a coaxial injector tube to inject multiple equally spaced microjets perpendicular to the jet axis at an axial location downstream from the nozzle exhaust. Microjet injection closer to the jet axis leads to the formation of a counter rotating vortex pair (CVP) close to the injection location which further beaks down into stream-wise vortices as the microjet bends and follows the flow direction. Detailed Large Eddy Simulations are performed for a nozzle-injector setup operating at Mach 0.9 jet with Reynolds number ≈10 6 to help understand the aerodynamic and acoustic features of the interaction of this fluid injection scheme with the main jet. Permeable Ffowcs Willaims Hawkings based formulation is used for computing the far field acoustic spectra for injector setups with various numbers of injection ports ( n p ) at two microphone locations. It is observed that as the number of microjets is increased, it leads to reduction in the far field noise. Peak noise reduction of ≈ 4.5 dB is observed for both locations. However, beyond n p > 4 there is a lower acoustic benefit per additional port due to spatial interference between the induced CVPs.
Efficient Persistence of Extrachromosomal KSHV DNA Mediated by Latency-Associated Nuclear Antigen (1999)

Primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) cells harbor Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) episomes and express a KSHV-encoded latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA). In PEL cells, LANA and KSHV DNA colocalized in dots in interphase nuclei and along mitotic chromosomes. In the absence of KSHV DNA, LANA was diffusely distributed in the nucleus or on mitotic chromosomes. In lymphoblasts, LANA was necessary and sufficient for the persistence of episomes containing a specific KSHV DNA fragment. Furthermore, LANA colocalized with the artificial KSHV DNA episomes in nuclei and along mitotic chromosomes. These results support a model in which LANA tethers KSHV DNA to chromosomes during mitosis to enable the efficient segregation of KSHV episomes to progeny cells.