gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of ultrasonic enhancement with a site-targeted contrast agent (2001)

Molecular imaging contrast agents specifically detect the biochemical "signatures" of disease before anatomical manifestations are apparent. Sensitive and specific localization of fibrin both in vivo and in vitro has been demonstrated with the use of a ligand-directed liquid perfluorocarbon nanoparticle. Since the acoustic properties of perfluorocarbons are known to vary with temperature, it was hypothesized that temperature could be used to augment the magnitude of enhancement imparted by targeted nanoparticles. Accordingly, the acoustic backscatter of two different substrates, nitrocellulose membrane and human plasma clot, targeted by the nanoparticles was measured at temperatures ranging from 27 degrees to 47 degrees C in 5 degrees C increments. Classic avidin-biotin interactions were utilized to couple biotinylated nanoparticles to avidin-conjugated nitrocellulose membranes. Ultrasonic contrast enhancement of the nitrocellulose membrane at 25 MHz, measured by acoustic microscopy, increased from 2.0+/-0.3 dB at 27 degrees C to 3.7+/-0.4 at 47 degrees C. In a similar experiment, antifibrin nanoparticles bound to human plasma clots also exhibited temperature-dependent ultrasonic signal enhancement ranging from 13.9+/-1.5 dB at 27 degrees C to 18.1+/-1.5 dB at 47 degrees C. The increase in ultrasonic contrast enhancement measured was well described by a simple, acoustic transmission line model with temperature-dependent impedance. These results suggest that temperature-dependent changes in acoustic backscatter may be used to further differentiate tissues targeted with site-specific nanoparticles from surrounding normal soft tissues.
Manufacture of multi-layer woven preforms (1988)

This paper reviews current three-dimensional weaving processes and discusses a process developed at the Mars Mission Research Center of North Carolina State University to weave three-dimensional multilayer fabrics. The fabrics may vary in size and complexity from simple panels to T-section or I-section beams to large stiffened panels. Parameters such as fiber orientation, volume fraction of the fiber required in each direction, yarn spacings or density, etc., which determine the physical properties of the composites are discussed.
Identification of FISH biomarkers to detect chromosome abnormalities associated with prostate adenocarcinoma in tumour and field effect environment (2014)

A panel of FISH markers may allow detection of genomic abnormalities that associate with adenocarcinoma in the field adjacent to and surrounding the tumour, and thus could potentially indicate the presence of cancer in the specimen even if the cancer focus itself was missed by biopsy and histology review.
LandLoc: Landmark-based User Location (2001)

Iron overload in the liver may occur in the clinical conditions hemochromatosis and transfusion-dependent thalassemia or by long-term consumption of large amounts of dietary iron. As iron concentrations increase in the liver, cirrhosis develops, and subsequently the normal architecture of the liver deteriorates. The underlying mechanisms whereby iron loading of hepatocytes leads to the pathology of the liver are not understood. Similarly, a direct relationship between the expression levels of paracellular junction genes and altered hepatocellular physiology has been reported; however, no relationship has been identified between iron loading and the expression of paracellular junction genes. Here, we report that the expression of numerous paracellular junction genes was decreased in iron-loaded hepatocytes, leading to increased cellular permeability, increased baculovirus-mediated gene transfer, and decreased gap junction communication. Iron loading of hepatocytes resulted in decreased E-cadherin promoter activity and subsequently decreased E-cadherin mRNA and protein expression. The data presented in this study describe a clear relationship between iron overload and decreased expression of paracellular junction genes in hepatic cells of rat and human origin.
Odorants differentially enhance phosphoinositide turnover and adenylyl cyclase in olfactory receptor neuronal cultures (1993)

Both the cAMP and the phosphoinositide (PI) second messenger systems have been implicated in olfactory signal transduction. We have developed a primary culture system of mammalian olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs; Ronnett et al., 1991a) to permit analysis of odorant-induced second messenger system activation in the intact ORN. The ability of a series of odorants to stimulate PI turnover and adenylyl cyclase was examined. All odorants stimulated both second messenger systems, although with differential potencies. Stimulation of PI turnover desensitized upon reexposure of cultures to odorant. The enhancement by single odorants of both adenylyl cyclase and PI turnover, but to varying degrees, affords a mechanism for increased specificity in olfactory signal transduction.
Method for fitting binaural hearing aids (1994)

For a hearing aid wearer to perform binaural sound localization and to utilize directional hearing in noisy environments, it may be important to maintain at audible levels the binaural cues (i.e., interaural time and level differences) present without the hearing aid(s) in place. A method of achieving this hearing aid fitting goal for use with a prototype digital signal processing hearing aid has been developed. The method includes two major steps: hearing aid equalization (HAE) and hearing loss compensation (HLC). HAE is achieved with an FIR filter, which equalizes the amplitude and phase insertion effects of the hearing aids and maintains the binaural cues with the hearing aid(s) in place. The HAE filter coefficients are obtained from insitu probe tube measures of aided and unaided test signals using optimal filter calculations. HLC is also achieved with an FIR filter and associated gain. The HLC filter coefficients are obtained by using a weighted least-squares filter design technique. The target response for the HLC filter is determined from measures of electrical signal levels in the hearing aid circuit during threshold tests and during reference signal presentations in the sound field. The HAE and HLC filters are convolved to produce a single filter. A description of the fitting procedure will be provided, as well as examples of its use with hearing impaired individuals.
A novel transgenic mouse model for immunological evaluation of carcinoembryonic antigen–based DNA minigene vaccines (2004)

A lack of relevant animal models has hampered preclinical screening and critical evaluation of the efficacy of human vaccines in vivo. Carcinoembryonic antigen–A2Kb (CEA–A2Kb) double transgenic mice provide a biologically relevant model for preclinical screening and critical evaluation of human CEA vaccine efficacy in vivo, particularly because such animals are peripherally tolerant of CEA. We established the utility of this model by demonstrating that an oral DNA minigene vaccine induces effective HLA-A2–restricted, CEA-specific antitumor CTL responses. This finding is supported by three lines of evidence: (a) an effective HLA-A2–restricted, CEA(691)-specific CTL response; (b) specific in vitro killing of CEA-A2Kb transduced MC-38 colon carcinoma cells; and (c) protective immunity induced in vaccinated mice against challenges of these tumor cells. Importantly, peripheral T cell tolerance against CEA in CEA-A2Kb double transgenic mice was broken by the CEA(691) (IMIGVLVGV) minigene vaccine. In conclusion, CEA-A2Kb double transgenic mice were demonstrated to be good candidates for in vivo testing of human CEA–based vaccines. This result suggests a potential for these vaccines in future human vaccine development. The feasibility of using nonmutated self-antigens as targets for therapeutic vaccinations was indicated, provided that such antigens are presented in an immunogenic context; that is, as a DNA minigene in a bacterial carrier system.
Hollow core optical fibres for ultra-wideband optical communications (2019)

Nested Antiresonant Nodeless hollow-core Fibers operating in the first passband offer potential for ultra-wide bandwidth operation and low optical losses. Here we review a fiber that offers a 3dB bandwidth of 700nm (1240-1940nm), well in excess of the O+E+S+C+L-band range.
A novel adaptive predistortion technique for power amplifiers (2003)

One of the main concerns in wireless communication systems is high-power amplifier (HPA) efficiency as this has a direct impact on size, power consumption, and cost. At the same time, HPA linearity is critical for linear modulation schemes. Nonlinear devices introduce intermodulation products to a bandlimited waveform resulting in violation of emission specifications. This paper explores an adaptive predistortion algorithm that compensates for the nonlinear distortion of an HPA by predistorting the input waveform. Predistortion is applied in the form of digital gain and phase changes that are functions of instantaneous input waveform amplitudes. Measured out-of-band emission levels are used as a metric for the convergence of the algorithm. Upon convergence, the combined nonlinearities of predistortion and the HPA cancel, effectively producing a linear device. The use of waveform predistortion improves the overall efficiency by allowing amplifier operation closer to the saturation point.
Use of depth information from in-depth photon counting detectors for x-ray spectral imaging: A preliminary simulation study (2014)

Purpose: Photon counting x-ray detectors (PCXD) may improve dose-efficiency but are hampered by limited count rate. They generally have imperfect energy response. Multi-layer (in-depth) detectors ...
Engineering of Hydrolysis Reaction Specificity in the Transglycosylase Cyclodextrin Glycosyltransferase (2003)

Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is a member of the α-amylase family, a large group of enzymes that act on α-glycosidic bonds in starch and related compounds. Over twenty different reaction and product specificities have been found in this family. Although three-dimensional structure elucidation and the biochemical characterization of site-directed mutants have yielded a detailed insight into the mechanism of bond cleavage, the variation in reaction and product specificity is far from understood. This article gives an overview of recent developments in the undersanding and engineering of transglycosylation and hydrolysis specificity in CGTase, which is one of the best-studied α-amylase family enzymes.
Wavefront aberration correction analysis of an all-holographic straight-line scanner (1991)

This paper describes an all-holographic straight-line scanner consisting only of a holographic disk and a holographic lens. Scanning beam aberration correction was extensively analyzed using diffraction theory. A new technique for simultaneously optimizing the phase transfer functions of these two holograms is proposed, and a method to construct these two holograms using holographic recording is discussed. This technique led to a compact, high resolution holographic line scanner with a 1/e(2) scanning beam spot size of 100-120 microm for a scanning width of 252 mm. The radius of the disk at the center of illumination is only 28 mm.
Application-Oriented X-ray Grating Interferometer (2010)

Grating-based Differential Phase Contrast X-ray imaging (DPCi) provides, in one measurement, unique information about the absorption coefficient, the index of refraction and the microscopic structure of a sample at hard X-ray frequencies<small><SUP>11–17</SUP></small>. For this reason, DPCi can potentially overcome the limitations of classical absorption-based radiography, notably for weakly absorbing materials. However, the implementation of the technology in industrial applications is still restricted due to the limited field of view and the insufficient contrast at high X-ray energies. Here, we report on a new experimental setup with field of view 5×7 cm<small><SUP>2</SUP></small> that acquires single projections as well as Computerized Tomographic (CT) measurements of the sample. New micro-fabrication processes were developed to manufacture X-ray gratings with few defects. This allows the instrument to deliver images of industrial quality when operated with a conventional x-ray tube at 40 kV. The complementarity of DPCi with conventional absorption-based radiography was experimentally demonstrated.
Data from Fecal Bacteria Act as Novel Biomarkers for Noninvasive Diagnosis of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

<div>Abstract<p><b>Purpose:</b> Gut microbiota have been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer. We evaluated the utility of fecal bacterial marker candidates identified by our metagenome sequencing analysis for colorectal cancer diagnosis.</p><p><b>Experimental Design:</b> Subjects (total 439; 203 colorectal cancer and 236 healthy subjects) from two independent Asian cohorts were included. Probe-based duplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays were established for the quantification of bacterial marker candidates.</p><p><b>Results:</b> Candidates identified by metagenome sequencing, including <i>Fusobacterium nucleatum</i> (<i>Fn</i>), <i>Bacteroides clarus</i> (<i>Bc</i>), <i>Roseburia intestinalis</i> (<i>Ri</i>), <i>Clostridium hathewayi</i> (<i>Ch</i>), and one undefined species (labeled as <i>m7</i>), were examined in fecal samples of 203 colorectal cancer patients and 236 healthy controls by duplex-qPCR. Strong positive correlations were demonstrated between the quantification of each candidate by our qPCR assays and metagenomics approach (<i>r</i> = 0.801–0.934, all <i>P</i> < 0.0001). <i>Fn</i> was significantly more abundant in colorectal cancer than controls (<i>P</i> < 0.0001), with AUROC of 0.868 (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). At the best cut-off value maximizing sum of sensitivity and specificity, <i>Fn</i> discriminated colorectal cancer from controls with a sensitivity of 77.7%, and specificity of 79.5% in cohort I. A simple linear combination of four bacteria (<i>Fn</i> + <i>Ch</i> + <i>m7</i>-<i>Bc</i>) showed an improved diagnostic ability compared with <i>Fn</i> alone (AUROC = 0.886, <i>P</i> < 0.0001) in cohort I. These findings were further confirmed in an independent cohort II. In particular, improved diagnostic performances of <i>Fn</i> alone (sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 79.8%) and four bacteria (sensitivity 92.8%, specificity 81.5%) were achieved in combination with fecal immunochemical testing for the detection of colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>Conclusions:</b> Stool-based colorectal cancer–associated bacteria can serve as novel noninvasive diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 2061–70. ©2016 AACR</i>.</p></div>
New anthracyclinone metabolites from two blocked mutants of Streptomyces galilaeus MA144-M1. (1982)

Two blocked mutants of the aclacinomycin-producing Streptomyces galilaeus MA144-M1 produced new anthraquinones and anthracyclinones. The mutant ANR-58 produced compounds 58A, 58B, 58C (7-deoxy-2-hydroxyaklavinone), 58D (2-hydroxyaklavinone) and 58WR. All these compounds have the 2-hydroxyl group. The mutant ANR-665 produced compounds 665A and 665B. The compounds 58A, 58B and 665A have an anthraquinone skeleton.
Domain binding and isotype dictate the activity of anti-human OX40 antibodies (2020)

These findings highlight the significant impact of isotype and epitope on the modulation of anti-hOX40 mAb therapy, and indicate that CD8+ T-cell expansion or Treg depletion might be preferred according to the composition of different tumors. As many of the current clinical trials using OX40 antibodies are now using combination therapies, this understanding of how to manipulate therapeutic activity will be vital in directing new combinations that are more likely to improve efficacy and clinical outcomes.
Towards a Clinical Application of Freeze-Dried Human Platelets (2002)

Storage of platelets remains a major problem for blood banks. In this study we describe the development of a lyophilization protocol for platelet concentrates obtained from a blood bank. In previous studies with small samples we reported some considerable success. We now confirm those earlier results, extend them to platelet concentrates, and scale up the process to a full unit of platelets. Platelets were loaded with trehalose and freeze-dried in a formulation of trehalose and albumin. Optimal survival rates were found, using a 1:1 weight ratio of trehalose and albumin in the lyophilization buffer. Survival rates of 90% were found when the platelets were freeze-dried in 1-mL aliquots, in vials. Freeze-drying 1 platelet concentrate unit in a specially designed lyophilization bag yielded 85% recovery after rehydration. Gradual rehydration from the vapor phase resulted in a mean platelet volume distribution similar to that of fresh control platelets, whereas directly rehydrated platelets were considerably larger in size and balloon shaped. The rehydrated platelets exhibited a normal response to thrombin and ristocetin. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed the absence of pseudopodia on the membrane surface of the rehydrated platelets; however, microvesicles were visible on the membrane surface. In addition, rehydrated cells were rounder than control cells. The platelets are stable for at least 22 months in the freeze-dried state at room temperature.
<title>Improved lifetime and efficiency of organic light-emitting diodes for applications in displays</title> (1999)

Organic semiconductors have been intensively studied over the past decades. The potential of this new class of materials for photonic and electronic device applications is demonstrated by successful fabrication of organic and organic-on-inorganic heterostructures for electroluminescent devices, photodetectors, and microwave diodes. The fabrication technology of organic semiconductor devices for photonic applications is discussed. In contrast to spin-on or dipping techniques for fabrication of polymeric films, organic compounds with low molecular weight are sublimated under ultra high vacuum conditions. The organic molecular beam deposition technology employed allows the reproducible growth of complex layer sequences with a defined thickness of various organic semiconductors in combination with dielectric films, different metallizations, and indium-tin- oxide layers.
Dynamic mechanical characterization of biodegradable composites of hydroxyapatite and polylactides (2001)

The thermo-mechanical analysis of some novel, totally bioactive, three-component composite systems intended for the repair and augmentation of bone has been performed. The composites are composed of hydroxyapatite (HA), particulate reinforced biodegradable polylactic acid (PDLLA), with a second reinforcing phase of semi-crystalline, unidirectional fibers of polylactic acid (PLLA) homopolymer. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) applied small-strain cyclic deformations to simulate physiological loading. The effect of the two fillers on the glass transition temperature of the matrix (Tg-PDLLA) and on the viscoelastic parameters, storage modulus (EI), and tan delta were analyzed. Thermal characterization with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was compared to the DMA data. It was established that the addition of HA and/or PLLA fibers increased EI, both below and above Tg-PDLLA. The combination of both reinforcing agents was the most effective. The damping was reduced with the addition of HA alone and in combination with PLLA fibers. Tg-PDLLA was increased by the addition of HA, PLLA fibers, and the combination of the two reinforcing agents. The magnitude of the increase in Tg-PDLLA was similar for both types of reinforcement.
Improving instruction cache behavior by reducing cache pollution (1990)

In this paper we describe compiler techniques for improving instruction cache performance. Through repositioning of the code in main memory, leaving memory locations unused, code duplication, and code propagation, the effectiveness of the cache can be improved due to reduced cache pollution and fewer cache misses. Results of experiments indicate that significant reduction in bus traffic results from the use of these techniques. Since memory bandwidth is a critical resource in shared memory multiprocessors, such systems can benefit from the techniques described. The notion of control dependence is used to decide when instructions belonging to different basic blocks can be allowed to share the same cache line without increasing cache pollution.
Energy Storage Systems for Automotive Applications (2008)

The fuel efficiency and performance of novel vehicles with electric propulsion capability are largely limited by the performance of the energy storage system (ESS). This paper reviews state-of-the-art ESSs in automotive applications. Battery technology options are considered in detail, with emphasis on methods of battery monitoring, managing, protecting, and balancing. Furthermore, other ESS candidates such as ultracapacitors, flywheels and fuel cells are also discussed. Finally, hybrid power sources are considered as a method of combining two or more energy storage devices to create a superior power source.
Microstructure and Chemical Reaction in a Si <sub>3</sub> N <sub>4</sub> –TiC Composite (1994)

The effects of TiC addition to Si 3 N 4 on microstructure and the chemical aspects of Si 3 N 4 –TiC interphase reaction were investigated in samples hot‐pressed at 1800°C in Ar and N 2 . Composition of a TiC 1–x N x solid solution was predicted based on thermodynamic calculation, with titanium carbonitride taken to be an ideal solid solution. The predicted value of x = 0.7 is slightly higher than that derived from the measured lattice parameter and Vegard's law (x = 0.67). Four distinguishable areas were observed in samples hot‐pressed in nitrogen atmosphere. They were identified as β‐Si 3 N 4 , mixtures of TiC and titanium carbonitride solid solution, SiC with twins, and iron silicide. As the duration of hot‐pressing increased, more titanium carbonitride was formed, while less TiC phase remained. Thermodymanic calculations indicate one source of nitrogen gas came from the decomposition of Si 3 N 4 . The TiC particles also became more irregular, and reactants were found inside or between TiC as the hot‐pressing time was extended. Silicon carbide was not detected in samples which were hot‐pressed in argon atmosphere; however, numerous pores were found around TiC.
Clinical usage of honey as a wound dressing: an update (2004)

Since Molan last covered this topic in Journal of Wound Care, there have been advances in the selection of honey for use in wound care, based on its antibacterial properties, and in clinical protocols for its use. This paper examines woundhealing results achieved with honey in the past fi ve years, the extent of its use and practical issues relating to its clinical use.
Chopper, a New Death Domain of the p75 Neurotrophin Receptor That Mediates Rapid Neuronal Cell Death (2000)

The cytoplasmic juxtamembrane region of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) has been found to be necessary and sufficient to initiate neural cell death. The region was named "Chopper" to distinguish it from CD95-like death domains. A 29-amino acid peptide corresponding to the Chopper region induced caspase- and calpain-mediated death in a variety of neural and non-neural cell types and was not inhibited by signaling through Trk (unlike killing by full-length p75(NTR)). Chopper triggered cell death only when bound to the plasma membrane by a lipid anchor, whereas non-anchored Chopper acted in a dominant-negative manner, blocking p75(NTR)-mediated death both in vitro and in vivo. Removal of the ectodomain of p75(NTR) increased the potency of Chopper activity, suggesting that it regulates the association of Chopper with downstream signaling proteins.