gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common tumors globally, with varying prevalence based on endemic risk factors. In high-risk populations, including those with hepatitis B or C or with cirrhosis, serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and screening ultrasound have improved detection of resectable HCC. Treatment options, including surgical resection, for patients with HCC must be selected based on the number and size of hepatic tumors, underlying hepatic function, patient condition, and available resources. An approach, which has been summarized shows the corresponding treatment choices under given clinical circumstances. For cirrhotic patients with less than three tumor nodules of a size less than 3 cm or a solitary HCC less than 5 cm, liver transplantation offers long-term survival similar to that observed in patients transplanted for nonmalignant disease. Ablative treatment using either chemical or thermal techniques provides locally effective tumor destruction. Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is commonly used for palliation of unresectable tumors as well as an adjunct to surgical resection, treatment of tumors before transplant, and in conjunction with other ablative therapies in a multimodality approach. Regional approaches to chemotherapy have produced more encouraging results than systemic chemotherapy, although both remain ineffective for long-term tumor control. Several newer treatment modalities are under investigation, including gene therapy, tagged antibodies, isolated perfusion, and novel radiotherapy techniques.
Highly Loaded Fe-MCM-41 Materials: Synthesis and Reducibility Studies (2009)

Fe-MCM-41 materials were prepared by different methods. The Fe was both incorporated into the structure and formed crystallites attached to the silica. High Fe content MCM-41 (~16 wt%) with retention of mesoporosity and long-range order was achieved by a range of new synthetic methodologies: (i) by delaying the addition of Fe3+(aq) to the stirred synthesis gel by 2 h, (ii) by addition of Fe3+ precursor as a freshlyprecipitated aqueous slurry, (iii) by exploiting a secondary synthesis with Si-MCM-41 as SiO2 source. For comparative purposes the MCM-41 was also prepared by incipient wetness impregnation (IWI). Although all these synthesis methods preserved mesoporosity and long-range order of the SiO2 matrix, the hydrothermally-fabricated Fe materials prepared via the secondary synthesis route has the most useful properties for exploitation as a catalyst, in terms of hydrothermal stability of the resulting support. Temperatureprogrammed reduction (TPR) studies revealed a three-peak reduction pattern for this material instead of the commonly observed two-peak reduction pattern. The three peaks showed variable intensity that related to the presence of two components: crystalline Fe2O3 and Fe embedded in the SiO2 matrix (on the basis of ESR studies). The role of secondary synthesis of Si-MCM-41 on the iron reducibility was also demonstrated in IWI of sec-Si-MCM-41.
Carbohydrate biguanides as potential hypoglycemic agents. (1989)

A series of monosaccharides containing a biguanide functionality was prepared and evaluated for hypoglycemic activity. Among the analogues prepared were those involving D-glucose substituted on the 6- or 1-position (19 and 24), D-galactose substituted on the 6-position (7), and D-arabinose (31). The target compounds were evaluated in a modified rat glucose-tolerance test (oral glucose load/oral drug, 100 mg/kg). Compounds 8 [6-biguanidino-1,2:3,5-bis-O-(1-methylethylidene)-6-deoxy-al pha-D- glucofuranose] and 23 [methyl 6-biguanidino-6-deoxy-2,3,4-O-tribenzyl-alpha-D-glucopyra nos ide] were the most active, exhibiting nearly equivalent hypoglycemic activity to that of phenformin (1) and metformin (2), as measured by the inhibition of the rise of blood glucose. Compound 31 was somewhat less active with 26% inhibition, as compared to 64% inhibition with 1 and 41% inhibition with 2.
On‐Chip Manipulation of Protein‐Coated Magnetic Beads via Domain‐Wall Conduits (2010)

Geometrically constrained magnetic domain walls (DWs) in magnetic nanowires can be manipulated at the nanometer scale. The inhomogeneous magnetic stray field generated by a DW can capture a magnetic nanoparticle in solution. On-chip nanomanipulation of individual magnetic beads coated with proteins is demonstrated through the motion of geometrically constrained DWs in specially designed magnetic nanoconduits fully integrated in a lab-on-a-chip platform.
Quantum annealing correction for random Ising problems (2015)

We demonstrate that the performance of a quantum annealer on hard random Ising optimization problems can be substantially improved using quantum annealing correction (QAC). Our error correction strategy is tailored to the D-Wave Two device. We find that QAC provides a statistically significant enhancement in the performance of the device over a classical repetition code, improving as a function of problem size as well as hardness. Moreover, QAC provides a mechanism for overcoming the precision limit of the device, in addition to correcting calibration errors. Performance is robust even to missing qubits. We present evidence for a constructive role played by quantum effects in our experiments by contrasting the experimental results with the predictions of a classical model of the device. Our work demonstrates the importance of error correction in appropriately determining the performance of quantum annealers.
Enhanced Wettability Modification and CO<sub>2</sub> Solubility Effect by Carbonated Low Salinity Water Injection in Carbonate Reservoirs (2017)

Carbonated water injection (CWI) induces oil swelling and viscosity reduction. Another advantage of this technique is that CO 2 can be stored via solubility trapping. The CO 2 solubility of brine is a key factor that determines the extent of these effects. The solubility is sensitive to pressure, temperature, and salinity. The salting-out phenomenon makes low saline brine a favorable condition for solubilizing CO 2 into brine, thus enabling the brine to deliver more CO 2 into reservoirs. In addition, low saline water injection (LSWI) can modify wettability and enhance oil recovery in carbonate reservoirs. The high CO 2 solubility potential and wettability modification effect motivate the deployment of hybrid carbonated low salinity water injection (CLSWI). Reliable evaluation should consider geochemical reactions, which determine CO 2 solubility and wettability modification, in brine/oil/rock systems. In this study, CLSWI was modeled with geochemical reactions, and oil production and CO 2 storage were evaluated. In core and pilot systems, CLSWI increased oil recovery by up to 9% and 15%, respectively, and CO 2 storage until oil recovery by up to 24% and 45%, respectively, compared to CWI. The CLSWI also improved injectivity by up to 31% in a pilot system. This study demonstrates that CLSWI is a promising water-based hybrid EOR (enhanced oil recovery).
Plasma as a Scaffold for Regeneration of Neural Precursor Cells after Transplantation into Rats with Spinal Cord Injury (2007)

The present study investigated whether plasma could be useful as a scaffold for cell transplantation in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI). Transplantation of cells with plasma promoted the recovery of SCI-induced motor dysfunction. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the grafted cells had differentiated into the neural lineage. When dissociated neural precursor cells were cultured with plasma, extensive neurite outgrowth was observed along with increased expression of p35 and NF68. Neural markers were also expressed by the cultured cells. Culture with plasma reduced thymidine incorporation, but promoted cell growth and increased the RNA contents. These findings suggest that the cells underwent differentiation into neurons in the presence of plasma. In conclusion, plasma could be a promising scaffold for cell transplantation therapy.
High power continuous-wave operation of 630 nm-bandlaser diode arrays (1998)

A high continuous-wave (CW) power of 6 W at 626 nm and 15 W at 637 nm with 15 and 30% power conversion efficiencies, respectively, has been demonstrated from AlGaInP/GaInP laser diode arrays. Fibre-coupled 630 nm CW bars demonstrate good reliability at 3 W. Such devices are useful for photo-dynamic therapy (PDT) or display applications.
A general and concise asymmetric synthesis of sphingosine, safingol and phytosphingosines<i>via</i>tethered aminohydroxylation (2010)

A novel, practical and efficient enantioselective synthesis of sphingoid bases, l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphinganine (safingol), l-threo-[2S,3S]-sphingosine, l-arabino-[2R,3S,4R] and l-xylo-[2R,3S,4S]-C(18)-phytosphingosine is described. The synthetic strategy features the Sharpless kinetic resolution and tethered aminohydroxylation (TA) as the key steps.
Origin of Anomalous Lattice Expansion in Oxide Nanoparticles (2000)

Anomalous lattice expansions have been measured for the first time in monodisperse CeO2-x nanoparticles and in BaTiO3 single nanoparticles by electron diffraction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on CeO2-x nanoparticles and ab initio computer simulation on BaTiO3 clusters show that the origin of expansion is the decrease of electrostatic force caused by valence reduction of Ce ions and the increase in ionicity of Ti ions, respectively. The lattice constant change of oxide (ionic) nanoparticles with the increase in ionicity would depend on the structure of the particles. Hence, first-principles calculations of large ionic clusters are indispensable.
The Role of Functional Foods in Cutaneous Anti-aging (2014)

Oral supplementation of micronutrients, or functional foods, to prevent aging has gained much attention and popularity as society ages and becomes more affluent, and as science reveals the pathological mechanisms of aging. Aging of the skin combines biologic aging and extrinsic aging caused predominantly by sunlight and other environmental toxins. Anti-aging functional foods exert their influence mostly through their anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thereby abrogating collagen degradation and/or increasing procollagen synthesis. Clinical evidence supporting a role in preventing cutaneous aging is available for oral supplements such as carotenoids, polyphenols, chlorophyll, aloe vera, vitamins C and E, red ginseng, squalene, and omega-3 fatty acids. Collagen peptides and proteoglycans are claimed to provide building blocks of the dermal matrix. This review summarizes the current study findings of these functional foods.
THE FATE OF THE TEMPLES IN NORTH AFRICA (2011)

This paper examines the changes to temples during Late Antiquity in North Africa, using archaeological evidence, supported by epigraphic and literary material where relevant. It examines the problems of the archaeology and in particular the dating for the transformation of pagan religious sites to Christian use. The paper considers the evidence for the maintenance of the pagan heritage into the mid-4th c., and the attempts to protect the temples in the guise of aesthetic preservation and antiquarianism. It proposes that it is only with the Byzantine conquest in the 6th c. that widespread destruction of temples took place, for the incorporation of their masonry into fortifications, or for the conversion of their remains into Christian churches.
Glutamate Transporter EAAT2: A New Target For The Treatment Of Neurodegenerative Diseases (2012)

Glutamate is the primary excitatory amino acid neurotransmitter in the CNS. The concentration of glutamate in the synaptic cleft is tightly controlled by interplay between glutamate release and glutamate clearance. Abnormal glutamate release and/or dysfunction of glutamate clearance can cause overstimulation of glutamate receptors and result in neuronal injury known as excitotoxicity. The glial glutamate transporter EAAT2 plays a major role in glutamate clearance. Dysfunction or reduced expression of EAAT2 has been documented in many neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, many studies in animal models of disease indicate that increased EAAT2 expression provides neuronal protection. Here, we summarize these studies and suggest that EAAT2 is a potential target for the prevention of excitotoxicity. EAAT2 can be upregulated by transcriptional or translational activation. We discuss current progress in the search for EAAT2 activators, which is a promising direction for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
<sup>81</sup>Br and <sup>127</sup> I NQR Studies of (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HgBr<sub>4</sub> and (CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>HgI<sub>4</sub> (1992)

Abstract The 81 Br and 127 I NQR frequencies in (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 HgBr 4 and (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 HgI 4 , respectively, have been recorded from above 77 K to around room temperature. The resonance lines exist in a wide range of frequencies. An unusual temperature dependence of the resonance frequencies has been observed. Small 1 H - 2 D isotope effects have been observed between (CH 3 ND 3 ) 2 HgBr 4 and (CH 3 NH 3 ) 2 HgBr 4 . Both negative and positive frequency differences between the deuterated and the nondeuterated compound have been observed at 77 K. The relatively large asymmetry parameters in the iodine compound decrease with increasing temperature, indicating the existence of H-bonds. The present results are interpreted qualitatively by considering the effects of H-bonding, N - H • • • X, between the halogen atoms and the CH3NH3 ions which may undergo large molecular motions. It is suggested that not only frequency-lowering but also frequency-rising effects may be produced, depending on the direction of the H-bond, i.e., the angle between the Hg -X bond and the X • • • H bond.
Orphan Nuclear Receptor LRH-1 Is Required To Maintain Oct4 Expression at the Epiblast Stage of Embryonic Development (2005)

Oct4 plays an essential role in maintaining the inner cell mass and pluripotence of embryonic stem (ES) cells. The expression of Oct4 is regulated by the proximal enhancer and promoter in the epiblast and by the distal enhancer and promoter at all other stages in the pluripotent cell lineage. Here we report that the orphan nuclear receptor LRH-1, which is expressed in undifferentiated ES cells, can bind to SF-1 response elements in the proximal promoter and proximal enhancer of the Oct4 gene and activate Oct4 reporter gene expression. LRH-1 is colocalized with Oct4 in the inner cell mass and the epiblast of embryos at early developmental stages. Disruption of the LRH-1 gene results in loss of Oct4 expression at the epiblast stage and early embryonic death. Using LRH-1(-/-) ES cells, we also show that LRH-1 is required to maintain Oct4 expression at early differentiation time points. In vitro and in vivo results show that LRH-1 plays an essential role in the maintenance of Oct4 expression in ES cells at the epiblast stage of embryonic development, thereby maintaining pluripotence at this crucial developmental stage prior to segregation of the primordial germ cell lineage at gastrulation.
Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory, Part III (2001)

Paperback reprint of one of the most respected classics in the history of engineering publication Together with the reprint of Part I and the new Part IV, this will be the most complete treatment of the subject available Provides a highly-readable discussion of Signal Processing and Noise Features numerous problems and illustrations to help promote understanding of the topics Contents are highly applicable to current systems
Silent Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Bilingual Children (2016)

This paper focuses on reading fluency by bilingual primary school students, and the relation of text fluency to their reading comprehension. Group differences were examined in a cross-sectional design across the age range when fluency is posed to shift from word-level to text-level. One hundred five bilingual children from primary grades 3, 4, and 5 were assessed for English word reading and decoding fluency, phonological awareness, rapid symbol naming, and oral language proficiency with standardized measures. These skills were correlated with their silent reading fluency on a self-paced story reading task. Text fluency was quantified using non-linear analytic methods: recurrence quantification and fractal analyses. Findings indicate that more fluent text reading appeared by grade 4, similar to monolingual findings, and that different aspects of fluency characterized passage reading performance at different grade levels. Text fluency and oral language proficiency emerged as significant predictors of reading comprehension.
Characterization of Neutral Fragments in Tandem Mass Spectrometry: A Unique Route to Mechanistic and Structural Information (1996)

The neutral species eliminated upon fragmentation of fast-moving mass-selected ions can be directly identified by collisional ionization and detection in neutral fragment reionization (Nf R) mass spectra. Establishment of the identity of neutral fragments yields valuable insight into the decomposition mechanism of a precursor ion, as demonstrated for fullerene and alkali metal iodide cluster ions as well as metal ion adducts of amino acids. In addition, neutral fragment reionization also provides structural information that may not be available from the complementary ionic fragments alone; this is illustrated in the differentiation of isomeric mononucleotides. The parameters influencing the appearance of Nf R spectra are discussed and the scope and general applicability of the method are briefly evaluated.
Conception of ID layer performance at the network level for Internet of Things (2013)

This paper proposes a novel architecture of the ID (IDentifier) layer for Internet of Things, which is embedded in the network level instead of traditional overlay solutions. Our contribution characterizes development of human-readable, hierarchical ID-based unified addressing for both objects and services, corresponding to their locations. In this way, users gain easier access to the IoT resources and native support for multicast. Furthermore, we take advantage of the Networking Named Content approach to specify rules for ID-based data transfer. The network nodes have capabilities to cache forwarded data for handling future requests, what may decrease network overload and facilitate cooperation between applications and sensors which periodically move into sleep mode for saving energy. ID-based routing offers decoupling of identification of objects/services from their location. Awareness of forwarded IoT data together with hierarchical distribution of the network makes feasible the local management of users and objects, that is, the essential IoT processes such as object/service registration, publication, searching and resolution can be managed locally in the network node. This offers high flexibility and manageability and improves response of the system when the number of handled things scales. The paper presents the architecture of the proposed solution for ID layer focusing on modules and mechanisms of the ID network node, as well as detailed description of registration, resolution and forwarding processes. Furthermore, the implementation of the system, performed on Linux-based routers, was tested to confirm the correctness of ID layer processes. The tests show that the performance of ID network node is not worse than the performance of a classical IP Linux router running on an identical physical device.
Deep Blind Video Decaptioning by Temporal Aggregation and Recurrence (2019)

Blind video decaptioning is a problem of automatically removing text overlays and inpainting the occluded parts in videos without any input masks. While recent deep learning based inpainting methods deal with a single image and mostly assume that the positions of the corrupted pixels are known, we aim at automatic text removal in video sequences without mask information. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective framework for fast blind video decaptioning. We construct an encoder-decoder model, where the encoder takes multiple source frames that can provide visible pixels revealed from the scene dynamics. These hints are aggregated and fed into the decoder. We apply a residual connection from the input frame to the decoder output to enforce our network to focus on the corrupted regions only. Our proposed model was ranked in the first place in the ECCV Chalearn 2018 LAP Inpainting Competition Track2: Video decaptioning. In addition, we further improve this strong model by applying a recurrent feedback. The recurrent feedback not only enforces temporal coherence but also provides strong clues on where the corrupted pixels are. Both qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that our full model produces accurate and temporally consistent video results in real time (50+ fps).
Signal Encoding and Processing in Continuous Time Using a Cascade of Digital Delays (2018)

We consider a digital encoding/processing system in which both the analog-to-digital converter and the digital signal processor are implemented by repeating a single fundamental design unit: the digital delay. Timing becomes an integral part of the resulting signal representation and processing, thereby promising to improve with technology scaling. System properties are studied and design considerations for a potential integrated implementation are discussed. Simulation results confirm the theory.
Computerized Lung Sound Screening for Pediatric Auscultation in Noisy Field Environments (2017)

Goal: Chest auscultations offer a non-invasive and low-cost tool for monitoring lung disease. However, they present many shortcomings, including inter-listener variability, subjectivity, and vulnerability to noise and distortions. This work proposes a computer-aided approach to process lung signals acquired in the field under adverse noisy conditions, by improving the signal quality and offering automated identification of abnormal auscultations indicative of respiratory pathologies. Methods: The developed noise-suppression scheme eliminates ambient sounds, heart sounds, sensor artifacts, and crying contamination. The improved high-quality signal is then mapped onto a rich spectrotemporal feature space before being classified using a trained support-vector machine classifier. Individual signal frame decisions are then combined using an evaluation scheme, providing an overall patient-level decision for unseen patient records. Results: All methods are evaluated on a large dataset with $>$1000 children enrolled, 1-59 months old. The noise suppression scheme is shown to significantly improve signal quality, and the classification system achieves an accuracy of 86.7% in distinguishing normal from pathological sounds, far surpassing other state-of-the-art methods. Conclusion: Computerized lung sound processing can benefit from the enforcement of advanced noise suppression. A fairly short processing window size ($<;1$ s) combined with detailed spectrotemporal features is recommended, in order to capture transient adventitious events without highlighting sharp noise occurrences. Significance: Unlike existing methodologies in the literature, the proposed work is not limited in scope or confined to laboratory settings: This work validates a practical method for fully automated chest sound processing applicable to realistic and noisy auscultation settings.
Contact and Chord Length Distribution Functions of the Poisson-Voronoi Tessellation in High Dimensions (2010)

In this paper we present formulae for contact distributions of a Voronoi tessellation generated by a homogeneous Poisson point process in the d -dimensional Euclidean space. Expressions are given for the probability density functions and moments of the linear and spherical contact distributions. They are double and simple integral formulae, which are tractable for numerical evaluation and for large d . The special cases d = 2 and d = 3 are investigated in detail, while, for d = 3, the moments of the spherical contact distribution function are expressed by standard functions. Also, the closely related chord length distribution functions are considered.