gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral Separations Using Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary Chromatography and a Polymerized Chiral Micelle (1994)

A chiral micelle polymer, poly(sodium N-undecylenyl-1-valinate), has been synthesized and used for chiral separation in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. The chiral separations of (±)-1,1′-bi-2-naphthol and d,l-laudanosine were achieved through the addition of this chiral micelle polymer to buffer solutions. A comparison study of separations was conducted on the micelle polymer and the corresponding nonpolymerized surfactant under the same separation conditions. Several advantages of using the micelle polymer are noted. In addition, a model of micelle-solute interaction is proposed to rationalize the improved chiral separation ability of micelle polymers. © 1994, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Feature selection methods for text classification (2007)

We consider feature selection for text classification both theoretically and empirically. Our main result is an unsupervised feature selection strategy for which we give worst-case theoretical guarantees on the generalization power of the resultant classification function f with respect to the classification function f obtained when keeping all the features. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first feature selection method with such guarantees. In addition, the analysis leads to insights as to when and why this feature selection strategy will perform well in practice. We then use the TechTC-100, 20-Newsgroups, and Reuters-RCV2 data sets to evaluate empirically the performance of this and two simpler but related feature selection strategies against two commonly-used strategies. Our empirical evaluation shows that the strategy with provable performance guarantees performs well in comparison with other commonly-used feature selection strategies. In addition, it performs better on certain datasets under very aggressive feature selection.
The Human Hookworm Vaccine (2013)

Hookworm infection is one of the world's most common neglected tropical diseases and a leading cause of iron deficiency anemia in low- and middle-income countries. A Human Hookworm Vaccine is currently being developed by the Sabin Vaccine Institute and is in phase 1 clinical testing. The candidate vaccine is comprised of two recombinant antigens known as Na-GST-1 and Na-APR-1, each of which is an important parasite enzyme required for hookworms to successfully utilize host blood as a source of energy. The recombinant proteins are formulated on Alhydrogel(®) and are being tested in combination with a synthetic Toll-like receptor 4 agonist. The aim of the vaccine is to induce anti-enzyme antibodies that will reduce both host blood loss and the number of hookworms attached to the gut. Transfer of the manufacturing technology to the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ)/Bio-Manguinhos (a Brazilian public sector developing country vaccine manufacturer) is planned, with a clinical development plan that could lead to registration of the vaccine in Brazil. The vaccine would also need to be introduced in the poorest regions of Africa and Asia, where hookworm infection is highly endemic. Ultimately, the vaccine could become an essential tool for achieving hookworm control and elimination, a key target in the 2012 London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases.
Spatial Audio Quality Perception (Part 2): A Linear Regression Model (2015)

Previously-obtained data, quantifying the degree of quality degradation resulting from a range of spatial audio processes (SAPs), can be used to build a regression model of perceived spatial audio quality in terms of previously developed spatially and timbrally relevant metrics. A generalizable model thus built, employing just five metrics and two principal components, performs well in its prediction of the quality of a range of program types degraded by a multitude of SAPs commonly encountered in consumer audio reproduction, auditioned at both central and off-center listening positions. Such a model can provide a correlation to listening test data of r = 0.89, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 11%, making its performance comparable to that of previous audio quality models and making it a suitable core for an artificial-listener-based spatial audio quality evaluation system.
Polarization-Selecting III-Nitride Elliptical Nanorod Light-Emitting Diodes Fabricated with Nanospherical-Lens Lithography (2018)

Current-injected elliptical nanorod light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are demonstrated to emit polarized light with a bottom-emitting configuration. The polarization ratio of the electroluminescence reaches 3.17 when the length of the minor axis for the elliptical nanorods is as small as 150 nm. Electromagnetic simulation confirms the occurrence of the polarization selectivity especially when the length of the minor axis is down to 150 nm. Light with different polarization travels at different speeds in these asymmetric elliptical nanorods. Only one polarization experiences destructive interference between the light directly from the source and the reflected light by the top metal interface. A thin light-blocking layer is incorporated to increase the polarization selectivity. It is also not recommended to infill the gap with SiO<sub>2</sub> since the polarization selectivity will be reduced. The proposed nanorod LEDs are fabricated using top-down nanofabrication approaches by combining nanospherical-lens lithography and two-step etch processes, which are both fully compatible with current semiconductor manufacturing processes. Results in this study will help to develop a chip-level polarization-selecting LED, which will be very useful for applications that require polarized light. It is especially beneficial for applications that are not suitable for using an external polarizer or require polarized light at the individual chip level.
Thin-film organic position sensitive detectors (2003)

One-dimensional 3-cm-long organic heterojunction position sensitive detectors (OPSDs) have been fabricated with an optical beam spatial resolution of 20 μm. The device relies on a current divider in a uniformly resistive indium-tin-oxide detector anode layer to determine beam position. This architecture makes the position measurement insensitive to fluctuations in incident light beam intensity and background illumination. The response of the OPSD shows high linearity, low positional error, and high spatial resolution. The device functions over a wide range of incident beam powers from 10 μW to >1 mW, and is capable of continuously tracking optical beams, with a tracking velocity exceeding 2 m/s.
An ultrafast variable optical delay technique (2000)

We demonstrate a novel method capable of achieving ultrafast variable delay. This technique utilizes temporal gratings to vary the timing of optical pulses. Ultrafast, variable optical delays may be used in optical clock recovery circuits, all-optical phase-locked loops, and other applications.
Use of a Multicomponent Reaction for Chemoselective Derivatization of Multiple Classes of Metabolites (2012)

We demonstrate that the Ugi reaction enables chemoselective derivatization of biological amines, carboxylic acids, aldehydes, or ketones with a chromophore under one set of reaction conditions, even in the presence of water. Derivatization of neurotransmitters, hormones, disease biomarkers and other metabolites bodes well for systems biology and diagnostic medicine.
Phase Unwrapping Using Interlaced Fringes for Phase-Shifting Techniques (2011)

A novel phase-unwrapping algorithm is proposed by using interlaced fringe in optical 3-D measurement. In the measurement, a four-step phase-shift method including four sinusoidal fringes with 90° phase shift is used. On top of these four fringes, an interlaced fringe is encoded. In the measurement, all these designed fringes are projected onto the tested object, and fringe images are acquired by charge-coupled device cameras. Then, four fringe-different images with zero-valued fringes can be obtained by subtracting the interlaced fringe image from the other four sinusoidal fringe images; thus, the position and the characteristic of each fringe can be distinguished. Combined with the composition of the encoding interlaced fringe, the order of the fringes can be obtained. The whole process needs only one assistant interlaced fringe image. Experiment result shows that the proposed algorithm can get the 3-D information rapidly and exactly and has more robustness.
Alternate paths for multiple fault tolerance on Dynamic WDM Optical Networks (2017)

This paper proposes a new method to compute alternate routes for multiple fault tolerance on Dynamic WDM Optical Networks. The method allows to obtain all the paths that replace the primary routes affected by one or several failures. Additional paths, called secondary routes, are used to keep each user connected to the network, including cases where multiple simultaneous link failures occur. The method also allows to obtain the number of wavelengths in each link of the network, computed such that the blocking probability of each connection is less than a pre-defined threshold (which is a network design parameter), in spite of the occurrence of k simultaneous link failures, with k ≥ 1. The solution obtained by the new algorithm is significantly more efficient than the result of applying current methods, its implementation is notably simple and its on-line operation is very fast.
Automated modularization of GUI test cases (2015)

Test cases that drive an application under test via its graphical user interface (GUI) consist of sequences of steps that perform actions on, or verify the state of, the application user interface. Such tests can be hard to maintain, especially if they are not properly modularized -- that is, common steps occur in many test cases, which can make test maintenance cumbersome and expensive. Performing modularization manually can take up considerable human effort. To address this, we present an automated approach for modularizing GUI test cases. Our approach consists of multiple phases. In the first phase, it analyzes individual test cases to partition test steps into candidate subroutines, based on how user-interface elements are accessed in the steps. This phase can analyze the test cases only or also leverage execution traces of the tests, which involves a cost-accuracy tradeoff. In the second phase, the technique compares candidate subroutines across test cases, and refines them to compute the final set of subroutines. In the last phase, it creates callable subroutines, with parameterized data and control flow, and refactors the original tests to call the subroutines with context-specific data and control parameters. Our empirical results, collected using open-source applications, illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Nonlinear-fiber-based discrete Raman amplifier with sufficiently suppressed degradation of WDM signal quality (2001)

It is demonstrated that discrete Raman amplifiers using highly nonlinear fibers can sufficiently suppress the four-wave-mixing-induced signal degradation by careful optimization of the fiber dispersion, and that they are practically feasible in WDM transmission.
Improved retention and cycling characteristics of MONOS memory using Charge-Trapping-Engineering (2009)

The shallow trap energy in SONOS charge-trapping flash (CTF) is the fundamental challenge for required good retention, especially at elevated temperatures. Although the high temperature retention can be improved by BE-SONOS, this is traded off the slow erase speed. To address these issues, we have fabricated a new charge-trapping-engineered flash (CTEF) using deep trapping high-dielectric to replace Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> . At 150degC, the CTEF device shows a large 5.6 V initial memory window and a 3.8 V 10-year extrapolated retention for 4-bits/cell MLC, under very fast 100 s and plusmn16 V program/erase condition.
Optimizing the arrangement of optical amplifiers in a dispersion-managed soliton system (2002)

Summary form only given. Many advantages of dispersion-managed soliton systems stem from the energy enhancement, but it has been found that the energy enhancement is significantly reduced when fiber loss is present. Here, we report an arrangement of amplifiers in a dispersion-managed soliton system that can achieve remarkable improvement of energy enhancement, leading to a decrease of the timing jitter. We also find that the energy enhancement increases with increasing fiber loss.
Folding of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Prevents Endogenous Generation of MHC Class-I Restricted Epitope (2010)

We previously demonstrated that the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) contained an antigenic peptide recognized by a CD8 T cell clone in the HLA-A*0201 context. The presentation of this peptide on class I molecules by human melanoma cells required a cross-presentation mechanism. Surprisingly, the classical endogenous processing pathway did not process this MMP-2 epitope.
Abstract 3739: TAK-733, an investigational, selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, in combination with alisertib (MLN8237), an investigational, selective Aurora A kinase inhibitor is tolerated and results in additive to synergistic antitumor activity: Results from In Vivo Studies (2012)

Abstract MEK and Aurora A kinase inhibitors (AAK) have profound impacts on cell cycle progression. Inhibition of MEK leads to defects in cell-cycle progression followed by cell cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. These cell-cycle progression defects may in part be due to the role of MEK in the DNA replication or damage checkpoint responses through positive regulation of DNA repair mechanisms. AAK inhibition leads to chromosome congression and segregation defects leading to DNA damage followed by apoptosis or senesence. The overlapping biological effects of inhibition of AAK and MEK kinases in cell cycle progression and chromosomal integrity raise the possibility that inhibiting both targets would provide added benefit over the inhibition of either target alone. The in vivo antitumor activity of TAK-733, an investigational potent, selective, non-ATP-competitive allosteric inhibitor of MEK, in combination with alisertib, an investigational potent, selective, reversible, ATP-competitive inhibitor of Aurora A kinase, was examined in experimental human solid tumor xenograft models including NSCLC (NCI H23 [KRAS and LKB1 mutations]), CRC (SW620 [KRAS, APC, p53 mutations]), and pancreatic cancer (Panc 1 and Capan 1 [KRAS mutations] and BxPC-3 [No MAPK mutations]) models in immunocompromised mice. The previously established maximally efficacious doses for the single agents dosed once daily (QD) orally (PO) (10 mg/kg TAK-733 and 30-mg/kg alisertib) were examined. A lower dose of 20 mg/kg alisertib was also examined in the event the maximally efficacious dose of each agent was not tolerated in combination. The once daily (QD) concurrent oral administration of TAK-733 and alisertib resulted in additive to synergistic antitumor activity and in prolonged inhibition of tumor regrowth after terminating treatment compared to single agent treatment in all xenograft models examined. Concurrent administration of TAK-733 and alisertib daily for 21 days was well tolerated. Treatment with TAK-733 alone and in combination with alisertib clearly inhibited phosphorylated ERK and produced a slight increase in phosphorylated histone H3. The results from the nonclinical models examined demonstrate considerable improvement in nonclinical antitumor activity over either single agent alone and provide a biological rationale for clinical evaluation of a TAK-733/alisertib combination in patients with advanced malignancies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3739. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3739
Hand Based Gesture Recognition inside a Car through IR-UWB Radar (2017)

In this paper, the gesture recognition through IRUWB radar is discussed. The gestures are made by human hand in front of the radar inside a car. The gestures can be used to control different electronics devices inside a car. The gestures vary among each other through different parameters such as change in displacement of the hand, change in magnitude and surface area of the hand. In the first part of the experiments, we train all the gestures by using neural networks and in the second part any gesture made by the human hand is compared to the gestures database and hence gesture recognition is done.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Donepezil in Vascular Dementia (2003)

These data demonstrate that donepezil is an effective and well-tolerated treatment for VaD and show it may have an important place in the management of this condition.
<title>Imaging properties of retro-reflective materials used in head-mounted projective displays (HMPDs)</title> (2002)

The concept of head-mounted projective display (HMPD) has been recently proposed as an alternative to conventional eyepiece-type head-mounted displays (HMDs). An HMPD consists of a pair of miniature projection lenses and flat panel displays mounted on the head and retro-reflective sheeting material placed strategically in the environment. Recent efforts have been made to demonstrate the feasibility of the imaging concept and prototypes have been built. Our research indicates that the quality and properties of the retro-reflective material play critical roles in the overall imaging quality of HMPDs. The retro-reflective sheeting material is commonly used in traffic control and photonic lighting systems, rather than optimized for imaging purpose as in the HMPDs. The size and shape of the microstructures cause artifacts on images. In this paper, we will mainly focus on the evaluation of the various existing retro-reflective materials, and the examination of the impact of the material characteristics on imaging properties. The basic structures of the existing materials are briefly reviewed, the characteristic parameters used to quantify the material properties are defined, and a few samples are evaluated. The characteristics of interest include: the size and shape of the microstructure, the distribution pattern and density of the microstructure, retro-reflectivity, the profile of the reflected light, diffraction artifacts and ghost imaging. Finally, a comprehensive analysis are presented to examine how the material characteristics play their roles in an imaging system, such as the HMPD, and predict the imaging artifacts caused by these characteristics.
Accuracy of patient specific organ-dose estimates obtained using an automated image segmentation algorithm (2016)

The overall goal of this work is to develop a rapid, accurate and fully automated software tool to estimate patient-specific organ doses from computed tomography (CT) scans using a deterministic Boltzmann Transport Equation solver and automated CT segmentation algorithms. This work quantified the accuracy of organ dose estimates obtained by an automated segmentation algorithm. The investigated algorithm uses a combination of feature-based and atlas-based methods. A multiatlas approach was also investigated. We hypothesize that the auto-segmentation algorithm is sufficiently accurate to provide organ dose estimates since random errors at the organ boundaries will average out when computing the total organ dose. To test this hypothesis, twenty head-neck CT scans were expertly segmented into nine regions. A leave-one-out validation study was performed, where every case was automatically segmented with each of the remaining cases used as the expert atlas, resulting in nineteen automated segmentations for each of the twenty datasets. The segmented regions were applied to gold-standard Monte Carlo dose maps to estimate mean and peak organ doses. The results demonstrated that the fully automated segmentation algorithm estimated the mean organ dose to within 10% of the expert segmentation for regions other than the spinal canal, with median error for each organ region below 2%. In the spinal canal region, the median error was 7% across all data sets and atlases, with a maximum error of 20%. The error in peak organ dose was below 10% for all regions, with a median error below 4% for all organ regions. The multiple-case atlas reduced the variation in the dose estimates and additional improvements may be possible with more robust multi-atlas approaches. Overall, the results support potential feasibility of an automated segmentation algorithm to provide accurate organ dose estimates.
The Visual-Acuity-Based, Ni cht Vision Goggle Cockpit Lighting Compatibiliy Field Evaluation Test Kit: A Low-Cost Alternative (2005)

Abstract : Cockpit lighting can interfere with the proper operation of night vision goggles (NVGs) in several specific ways. For each interference mechanism, the effect on the image seen through the NVGs is to reduce the brightness of portions of the image and/or reduce the contrast of the useful image (the view outside the aircraft). This reduction in brightness or contrast may be manifested as a reduction in visual acuity and/or as an observed loss of contrast or brightness. AFRL/HECV was requested by the FAA (this research effort was jointly funded by the FAA and AFRL/HECV) to investigate low-cost, alternative methodologies that can be used by civil aviation to evaluate NVG cockpit lighting compatibility. In order to facilitate the inexpensive evaluation of cockpit lighting interference with the operation of the NVGs, a field evaluation kit was developed. This kit makes it possible to conduct a low-cost version of the standard visual acuity test method currently used by the Air Force. This report describes the fabrication, components, and implementation of this field evaluation test kit, which was recommended to and delivered to the FAA.
Emerging diabetes therapies: Bringing back the β-cells (2022)

Stem cell-based replacement therapies in the mold of islet transplantation are already around the corner, but a permanent cure for type 1 diabetes will likely require the endogenous regeneration of β-cells aided by interventions to restore the immune balance. The promise of current research avenues and a strong pipeline of clinical trials designed to tackle these challenges bode well for the realization of this goal.
An innovative multibeam antenna based on an active aperiodic lens (2010)

An aperiodic constrained active lens generating a multiple spot contiguous beams coverage is presented. The antenna is optimized in terms of number of elements, dimensions and weight, and power amplifiers efficiency. This type of antenna may represent an interesting solution based on a single aperture in order to replace traditional onboard antennas based on multi reflector dishes.
Optical Remote Sensing of Wind and Turbulence using Double Spatial Filtering of Scintillations (1990)

Using a spatially filtered optical transmitter and a spatially filtered optical receiver, one can measure transverse wind velocity and also the strength of refractive turbulence at some localized region of the atmosphere along the propagation path from the transmitter to the receiver[1-3]. A profile of either quantity along the path can be obtained by using various combinations of filters. However, this technique requires a spatial filter on each side of the volume to be measured. For some applications, such as vertical profiling of the atmosphere, it would be desirable to place both filters at the receiver end of the path. The source could then be a natural source such as the sun or a star. In fact, this can be done.