gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoimmune Addison's disease (1993)

Human steroid 21-hydroxylase (21-OH) expressed in an in vitro translation system was found to react specifically with adrenal autoantibodies from patients with Addison's disease. The epitopes on 21-OH which reacted with autoantibodies were studied by incorporating a series of terminal and internal deletions into the 21-OH gene and analysing the expressed proteins by Western blotting. N-Terminal deletions up to amino acid 280 had no effect on autoantibody binding whereas a series of C-terminal deletions and truncations (amino acids 281-494) showed marked effects. Our results indicate that a central segment (281-379) and a C-terminal segment (380-494) of 21-OH interact to form at least one major autoantibody binding site.
The scotogenic contact lens: a novel device for treating binocular diplopia (2015)

Binocular diplopia is a debilitating visual symptom requiring immediate intervention for symptomatic control, whether or not definitive treatment is eventually possible. Where prismatic correction is infeasible, the current standard is occlusion, either by a patch or an opaque contact lens. In eliminating one problem-diplopia-occlusive techniques invariably create another: reduced peripheral vision. Crucially, this is often unnecessary, for the reduced spatial resolution in the periphery limits its contribution to the perception of diplopia. Here, we therefore introduce a novel soft contact lens device that instead creates a monocular central scotoma inversely mirroring the physiological variation in spatial acuity across the monocular visual field, thereby suppressing the diplopia with minimal impact on the periphery. We compared the device against standard eye patching in 12 normal subjects with prism-induced binocular diplopia and 12 patients with binocular diplopia of diverse causes. Indexed by self-reported scores and binocular perimetry, the scotogenic contact lens was comparably effective in eliminating the diplopia while significantly superior in acceptability and its impact on the peripheral visual field. This simple, inexpensive, non-invasive device may thus be an effective new tool in the treatment of a familiar but still troublesome clinical problem.
Alignment of the Virtual Scene to the Tracking Space of a Mixed Reality\n Head-Mounted Display (2017)

With the mounting global interest for optical see-through head-mounted\ndisplays (OST-HMDs) across medical, industrial and entertainment settings, many\nsystems with different capabilities are rapidly entering the market. Despite\nsuch variety, they all require display calibration to create a proper mixed\nreality environment. With the aid of tracking systems, it is possible to\nregister rendered graphics with tracked objects in the real world. We propose a\ncalibration procedure to properly align the coordinate system of a 3D virtual\nscene that the user sees with that of the tracker. Our method takes a blackbox\napproach towards the HMD calibration, where the tracker's data is its input and\nthe 3D coordinates of a virtual object in the observer's eye is the output; the\nobjective is thus to find the 3D projection that aligns the virtual content\nwith its real counterpart. In addition, a faster and more intuitive version of\nthis calibration is introduced in which the user simultaneously aligns multiple\npoints of a single virtual 3D object with its real counterpart; this reduces\nthe number of required repetitions in the alignment from 20 to only 4, which\nleads to a much easier calibration task for the user. In this paper, both\ninternal (HMD camera) and external tracking systems are studied. We perform\nexperiments with Microsoft HoloLens, taking advantage of its self localization\nand spatial mapping capabilities to eliminate the requirement for line of sight\nfrom the HMD to the object or external tracker. The experimental results\nindicate an accuracy of up to 4 mm in the average reprojection error based on\ntwo separate evaluation methods. We further perform experiments with the\ninternal tracking on the Epson Moverio BT-300 to demonstrate that the method\ncan provide similar results with other HMDs.\n
Molecular Analysis of <i>FRIGIDA</i> , a Major Determinant of Natural Variation in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Flowering Time (2000)

Vernalization, the acceleration of flowering by a long period of cold temperature, ensures that many plants overwinter vegetatively and flower in spring. In Arabidopsis, allelic variation at the FRIGIDA (FRI) locus is a major determinant of natural variation in flowering time. Dominant alleles of FRI confer late flowering, which is reversed to earliness by vernalization. We cloned FRI and analyzed the molecular basis of the allelic variation. Most of the early-flowering ecotypes analyzed carry FRI alleles containing one of two different deletions that disrupt the open reading frame. Loss-of-function mutations at FRI have thus provided the basis for the evolution of many early-flowering ecotypes.
Wake vortex alleviation using rapidly actuated segmented Gurney flaps (2007)

A study to assess the potential for using rapidly actuated segmented Gurney flaps, also known as miniature trailing-edge effectors, for active wake vortex alleviation is conducted. Experiments are performed using a half-span model wingwithNACA0012 shape and an aspect ratio of 4.1. Thewing is at an 8.9-deg angle of attack and the chordbased Reynolds number is around 350,000. It is equipped with an array of miniature trailing-edge effectors that extend 0.015 chord lengths perpendicular to the freestream on the pressure side of the wing when deployed and sit just behind the blunt trailing edgewhen retracted.Measurements of section lift coefficient and the velocity field in the intermediate wake using dynamic particle image velocimetry and a five-hole probe delineate the time-varying perturbation imparted by the miniature trailing-edge effectors upon the trailing vortex while keeping the lift nearly constant. The data are used to form a complete initial condition for a vortex filament computation of the far-wake evolution. Cases at the model-scale and full-scale configurations are computed. The results show that actuatorinduced perturbations can be used to excite a variety of inviscid vortex instabilities.
An Improved Blood Substitute (1996)

The purpose of the present study was to assess the ability of an improved free hemoglobin based blood substitute to serve as a resuscitative fluid in the treatment of hemorrhagic shock. Comparison studies were performed by using blood autotransfusion as a positive control. The hemodynamic parameters studied included cardiac index, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, heart rate, stroke volume index, and total peripheral resistance. Tissue oxygenation was measured in the biceps femori muscle by polarography. Hemorrhagic shock (at 40% of the total blood volume) in anesthetized rats caused severe disturbances in hemodynamic parameters and tissue oxygenation. Shock was characterized by a 66% drop in cardiac index, a 67% drop in mean arterial pressure with a significant increase in total peripheral resistance, and a 78% reduction in tissue oxygenation, all lasting 30 min. Resuscitation from shock with the blood substitute was effective in restoring hemodynamic parameters, producing vasodilation, and improving tissue oxygenation. Autotransfusion with blood also restored hemodynamics. However, lower tissue oxygenation and lack of vasodilation were noted. Therefore, the modified hemoglobin solution yielded better results than blood in the resuscitation of rats after hemorrhagic shock. The vasodilatory activity and the reduction of vasoconstriction that followed hemorrhage can be primarily linked with adenosine, which possesses vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory properties, and is used in our technology as an intermolecular cross linking reagent and hemoglobin surface modifier.
Immunotherapy with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin: Efficacy and Safety in the MB-49 Intravesical Murine Bladder Tumor Model (1994)

The antitumor activity and potential toxicity of a clinical-grade keyhole limpet hemocyanin preparation (KLH-Immune Activator; KLH-IA) were determined in the MB-49 intravesical murine bladder tumor model. Mice were immunized subcutaneously with KLH-IA two weeks prior to intravesical implantation of MB-49 tumor cells. Treatment consisted of intravesical KLH-IA (10 or 100 micrograms.) 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 days after implantation. Control animals either were not immunized prior to tumor implantation and KLH-IA treatment, or were immunized with KLH-IA and treated with the vehicle. By 4 weeks after implantation tumor outgrowth in the treated groups was significantly decreased (p < 0.01, Fisher's Exact) relative to the control groups. Prior subcutaneous immunization was required to elicit antitumor activity of KLH-IA; thus, the mechanism of action is immune-mediated and not due to spurious interference with tumor implantation by intravesical instillations. Animals treated with a dissociated form of KLH exhibited decreased tumor outgrowth approaching, but not attaining, significance (p < 0.09, Fisher's Exact). A separate toxicity study in which KLH-IA was given subcutaneously (4 mg./kg.), intraperitoneally (40 mg./kg.), or intravesically (40 mg./kg.) disclosed no significant gross or histopathologic abnormalities except for mild-to-moderate papillary hyperplasia in all catheterized animals. These results establish the efficacy and safety of KLH-IA in mice and suggest that clinical trials for intravesical treatment of superficial bladder cancer may be warranted.
Effect of Thermal Oxidation Pretreatment on the Magnetization Roasting and Separation of Refractory Iron Ore (2020)

The effect of thermal oxidization pretreatment (TOP) on the magnetization roasting and separation of refractory iron ore was investigated. The TOP of raw samples was performed in a muffle furnace at 750°C for 30 min. The magnetization roasting and separation experiments of the raw samples and TOP samples were performed, which revealed that TOP could decrease the optimal CO concentration required during the magnetization roasting process by 10% and increase the iron recovery by about 10%. Analysis results of X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) showed that there were many pores and cracks in the TOP samples, which were advantageous to the subsequent magnetization roasting, and promoted the sufficient conversion of specularite and siderite to magnetite, increasing the iron recovery significantly.
Metropolitan quantum key distribution with silicon photonics (2017)

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) provide a compact and stable platform for quantum photonics. Here we demonstrate a silicon photonics quantum key distribution (QKD) transmitter in the first high-speed polarization-based QKD field tests. The systems reach composable secret key rates of 950 kbps in a local test (on a 103.6-m fiber with a total emulated loss of 9.2 dB) and 106 kbps in an intercity metropolitan test (on a 43-km fiber with 16.4 dB loss). Our results represent the highest secret key generation rate for polarization-based QKD experiments at a standard telecom wavelength and demonstrate PICs as a promising, scalable resource for future formation of metropolitan quantum-secure communications networks.
A leakage-tolerant dynamic register file using leakage bypass with stack forcing (LBSF) and source follower NMOS (SFN) techniques (2002)

Clock frequency of a multi-ported, 256/spl times/32b dynamic register file in a 100nm technology is improved by 50%, compared to the best dual-V/sub T/ (DVT) design, using LBSF and SFN leakage-tolerant circuit techniques for LBL and GBL. Total transistor width of the full LBSF design is the smallest.
An energy-subtraction Compton scatter camera design for in vivo medical imaging of radiopharmaceuticals (1996)

A Compton scatter camera (CSC) design is proposed for imaging radioisotopes used as biotracers. A clinical version may increase sensitivity by a factor of over 100, while maintaining or improving spatial resolution, as compared with existing Anger cameras that use lead collimators. This novel approach is based on using energy subtraction (/spl Delta/E=E/sub 0/-E/sub SC/, where E/sub 0/, /spl Delta/E, and E/sub SC/ are the energy at the emitted gamma ray, the energy deposited by the initial Compton scatter, and the energy of the Compton scattered photon) to determine the amount of energy deposited in the primary system. The energy subtraction approach allows the requirement of high energy resolution to be placed on a secondary detector system instead of the primary detector system. Requiring primary system high energy resolution has significantly limited previous CSC designs for medical imaging applications. Furthermore, this approach is dependent on optimizing the camera design for data acquisition of gamma rays that undergo only one Compton scatter in a low-Z primary detector system followed by total absorption of the Compton scattered photon in a high-Z secondary detector system. The proposed approach allows for a more compact primary detector system, a more simplified pulse processing interface, and a much less complicated detector cooling scheme as compared with previous CSC designs. Analytical calculations and Monte Carlo simulation results for some specific detector materials and geometries are presented.
Syntheses and Neuraminidase Inhibitory Activity of Multisubstituted Cyclopentane Amide Derivatives (2004)

In further studies aimed toward identifying effective and safe inhibitors of influenza neuraminidases, we synthesized a series of multisubstituted cyclopentane amide derivatives. Amides prepared were 14 examples of N-substituted alkyl or aralkyl types from primary amines, 13 examples of the N,N-disubstituted alkyl, aralkyl, or substituted-alkyl type from secondary amines, and 12 examples from cycloaliphatic or substituted cycloaliphatic secondary amines. These compounds bearing two chiral centers, at position-1 in the ring and position-1' in the side chain attached at position 3, were tested for their ability to inhibit A and B forms of influenza neuraminidase. The 1-ethylpropylamide, diethylamide, dipropylamide, and 4-morpholinylamide showed very good inhibitory activity (IC(50) = 0.015-0.080 microM) vs the neuraminidase A form, but modest activity (IC(50) = 3.0-9.2 microM) vs the neuraminidase B form. Since the parent amides bear two chiral centers (C-1 and C-1'), three of the better inhibitors were tested at higher levels of diastereomeric purity. The diastereomers corresponding to the active forms of the 1-(ethyl)propylamide, the diethylamide, and the dipropylamide (all of the same configuration at the C-1' chiral center), and the diastereomer of the diethylamide representing the active form at both C-1' and C-1 were isolated or synthesized from precursors that were isolated as diastereomers. These diastereomers showed some improvement in neuraminidase inhibition over the parent diastereomeric mixtures. 1-Carboxy-1-hydroxy derivatives of the best active compounds, the diethylamide and the dipropylamide, were also prepared. These compounds were not as active as the compounds without the 1-hydroxy group. In an in vivo study, the C-1' active isomer of the diethylamide from the 1-carboxy series was tested in influenza-infected mice by oral and intranasal administration and found to be very effective only intranasally in preventing weight loss at doses as low as 0.1 (mg/kg)/day.
Hollow‐core photonic bandgap fibers: technology and applications (2013)

Abstract Since the early conceptual and practical demonstrations in the late 1990s, Hollow‐Core Photonic Band Gap Fibres (HC‐PBGFs) have attracted huge interest by virtue of their promise to deliver a unique range of optical properties that are simply not possible in conventional fibre types. HC‐PBGFs have the potential to overcome some of the fundamental limitations of solid fibres promising, for example, reduced transmission loss, lower nonlinearity, higher damage thresholds and lower latency, amongst others. They also provide a unique medium for a range of light: matter interactions of various forms, particularly for gaseous media. In this paper we review the current status of the field, including the latest developments in the understanding of the basic guidance mechanisms in these fibres and the unique properties they can exhibit. We also review the latest advances in terms of fibre fabrication and characterisation, before describing some of the most important applications of the technology, focusing in particular on their use in gas‐based fibre optics and in optical communications.
Acoustical and optical monitoring of contrast microbubbles (2003)

We have undertaken a series of studies to better understand the response of ultrasound contrast microbubbles to pulsed ultrasound. Toward this end we have used acoustical and optical scattering techniques. The acoustic interrogation of shell-disrupted microbubbles immediately following HIFU was used to monitor microbubble (or fragmented daughter) dissolution. Results were compared to calculations, assuming a simple Gaussian distribution of fragmented microbubbles and the dissolution characteristics of a mixed-gas system (such as a perfluorocarbon gas bubble in air-saturated water). Good results were obtained by considering a multi-modal bubble size distribution. That is, the HIFU pulse created a distribution of smaller bubbles. In order to follow the instantaneous motion of a single microbubble during pulsed ultrasound, light scattering was employed. For this experiment, a diagnostic ultrasound system was used to force the microbubble into oscillation. Light scattered off the microbubble was collected by a photodetector. A simple bubble dynamics model was used to fit the data. At low pressures, consecutive data segments were averaged to increase the signal/noise. At higher pressures, the bubble (size or shell) properties required systematic adjustment in order to obtain a good fit, suggesting that the bubble evolved with each pulse.
Direct Selective Laser Sintering of High Temperature Materials (2018)

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) involving a coexisting liquid and particulate solid during\nthe SLS processing can be used to produce freeform parts directly with high temperature\nmaterials. Factors such as scanning laser power density, residence time, scan line spacing, the\ninterfacial energies between the liquid and solid phases, powder bed biasing temperature, and\nsintering atmosphere greatly affect the microstructure evolution in the SLS process. Direct\nSLS of high melting temperature mixed powder materials was demonstrated using a 1.1 kW\nC02 laser SLS system. The relationship between the microstructures and the process\nparameters will be described.
Mechanically Tunable Optofluidic Distributed Feedback Dye Laser (2006)

We demonstrated a continuously tunable optofluidic distributed feedback (DFB) dye laser on a monolithic poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) chip. We obtained ~60 nm tuning range by mechanically varying the grating period. Single-mode operation was maintained with <0.1 nm linewidth
Vapor-Generator Wand Helps To Reveal Airflow Patterns (1993)

In vapor-generator wand, liquid propylene glycol flows into electrically heated stainless-steel tube. Liquid boils in heated tube, and emerging vapor forms dense, smoke-like fog used to make airflow patterns visible. Built in variety of sizes, suitable for uses ranging from tabletop demonstrations to research in wind tunnels. For best viewing, plume illuminated by bright, focused incandescent spotlight at right angle to viewing direction. Viewing further enhanced by coating walls of test chamber with flat, dark color to minimize reflections and increase contrast.
Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands Bearing <i>N</i>-Naphthyl Side Chains (2010)

A series of second-generation ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts bearing N-naphthyl-substituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been prepared and fully characterized. By reaction with the appropriate NHC, these complexes are readily accessible in one synthesis step from the commercially available first-generation precursors [RuCl2(═CHPh)(PCy3)2] (Grubbs I, GI) or [RuCl2(═CH-o-iPrO-Ph)(PCy3)] (Hoveyda−Grubbs I, HGI) by simple exchange of one phosphine ligand with the free NHCs. Time-dependent conversions in the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of standard substrates leading to di- as well as trisubstituted olefins have been measured for these catalysts. When benchmarked against the parent SIMes-containing the Grubbs II precatalyst (GII), most of these new NHC structures show enhanced reactivity in RCM. From these comparative studies, valuable information was gathered which shows that the alkyl substitution on the naphthyl side chains can enhance or lower the catalytic performance, depending on the bulk and the position of these alkyl groups. The behavior of the best performing precatalysts has been investigated in the RCM of a series of representative substrates, in enyne metathesis reactions as well as in cross-metathesis (CM).
Parameterized scripts for motion planning (2002)

Presents an approach for real time planning and execution of the motions of complicated robotic systems. The approach is motivated by the observation that a robot's task can be described as a series of simple steps, or a script. The script is a general template which encodes knowledge for a class of tasks and is fitted to a specific instance of a task. The script receives information about its environment in the form of parameters, which it uses to bind variables in the template and allows it to deal with the current task conditions. Changes or variations in the robot's environment can be easily handled with this parameterized script approach. New tasks for the robot to perform can be added in the form of subscripts, which could handle exceptional cases. We apply this approach to the task of autonomous excavation, and demonstrate its validity on an actual hydraulic excavator. We obtain good results, with the autonomous system approaching the performance of an expert human operator.
Introduction of titanium species into fluorine-modified SiO2- supported Cr-V bimetallic catalyst for ethylene polymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization (2017)

Chromium-vanadium (Cr-V) bimetallic catalysts are prepared by the introduction of vanadium into the Phillips catalyst which is one of the most significant industrial ethylene polymerization catalysts for tuning the Phillips catalyst performances and improving polyethylene properties. In the present work, titanium species were introduced into the fluorine-modified chromium-vanadium bimetallic catalysts (Cr-V-F) and the prepared catalysts were systematically explored. The element content results of multi-component catalysts showed that a competitive inhibition interaction existed between chromium and vanadium, whereas chromium was more preferable to attach to the Ti-SiO2 than vanadium. In addition, ethylene homopolymerization and ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization were carried out and examined with different catalysts. The introduction of titanium into fluorine-modified bimetallic catalysts enhanced the molecular weight (MW) and broadened the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of polyethylene. The MW of the titanium- and fluorine-modified bimetallic catalysts (Cr-V-F/Ti) firstly rose up and then dropped down with the increasing of the Al/Cr molar ratio. The Cr-V-F/Ti catalysts showed slightly depressed hydrogen response and incorporation of 1-hexene. The short-chain branch distribution (SCBD) results, which were characterized by TREF/SSA, showed that the introduction of the titanium species increased the SCB content in low MW fractions and decreased the SCB content in the high Mw fractions of ethylene/1-hexene copolymers obtained from (Cr-V-F/3Ti)600 in contrast to that from (Cr-V-F)600.