gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact Refractive Imaging Spectrometer Designs Utilizing Immersed Gratings (2005)

A compact imaging spectrometer comprising an entrance slit for directing light, a first means for receiving the light and focusing the light, an immersed diffraction grating that receives the light from the first means and defracts the light, a second means for receiving the light from the immersed diffraction grating and focusing the light, and an image plane that receives the light from the second means
Abstract 17521: Safety and Efficacy of Centhaquin as a Novel Resuscitative Agent for Hypovolemic Shock (2015)

Centhaquin (PMZ-2010) is a cardiovascular active agent (0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg) which has been shown to have resuscitative effect in a (1) rat model of fixed pressure blood loss, (2) rabbit model of uncontrolled bleeding with trauma, and (3) pig model of massive blood loss. PMZ-2010 produced a decrease in heart rate and vascular resistance; however, it increased mean arterial pressure by increasing cardiac output. We embarked on studies to develop PMZ-2010 as a resuscitative agent for hypovolemic shock. Toxicological studies were carried out and intravenous injection of PMZ-2010 in mice, rats and rabbits showed LD50 >100 mg/kg, 79.43 mg/kg and 9.55 mg/kg, respectively. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (N.O.A.E.L.) of PMZ-2010 determined after repeated (28 days) intravenous injections of different doses in mice, rats and rabbits was found to be 1.0 mg/kg. A 14 day repeated dose toxicity study of PMZ-2010 (0.01, 0.10 and 1.0 mg/kg, iv) in canine model (beagle dog) was conducted and there were no clinical symptoms of toxicity in low and middle whereas in high dose (1.0 mg/kg) temporary sluggishness, shivering and salivation was observed, while biochemical profile was normal in all groups. We conducted a single center randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, single and multiple-ascending dose phase I study in healthy male subjects to evaluate the safety of PMZ-2010 (NCT02408731). The study population comprised 6 cohorts of 4 subjects each, which were randomized so that 3 subjects received the active drug and 1 subject received placebo. For single ascending dose cohorts, the initial dose of PMZ-2010 was 0.005 mg/kg, iv infusion. Based on the safety and tolerability of the administered dose, subsequent escalation of doses 0.01, 0.05 0.10 and 0.15 mg/kg was performed and maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was found to be 0.10 mg/kg. For multiple-ascending dose cohorts, the initial dose/day of PMZ-2010 was equal to maximum tolerated dose (MTD) 0.10 mg/kg (3 X 0.033 mg/kg/day) for 2 days. Subsequent escalation of dose was done up to 2 times MTD 0.20 mg/kg (3 X 0.067 mg/kg/day) for 2 days. It is concluded that MTD of PMZ-2010 in humans is 0.10 mg/kg and can be safely used for its resuscitative effect. (Mr. Tajuddin and Dr. D. Chilkoti are acknowledged for assisting in clinical studies).
Biodegradable Branched Polyesters Poly(vinyl sulfonate-covinyl alcohol)-graft Poly(<scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-lactic-coglycolic acid) as a Negatively Charged Polyelectrolyte Platform for Drug Delivery: Synthesis and Characterization (2008)

Biodegradable, negatively charged, branched polyesters, namely, poly(vinyl sulfonate-covinyl alcohol)-graft-poly(d,l-lactic-coglycolic acid), abbreviated as P(VS-VA)-g-PLGA, were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization using sulfonate-modified poly(vinyl alcohol) backbones as a platform for cationic drug delivery systems. The structures of sulfonate-modified backbones and the graft polyesters were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, GPC-MALLS, DSC, and viscosity measurements. By controlling the degree of sulfonate substitution of the backbone and the feed ratio of the backbone to the monomer, graft polyesters with different degrees of sulfonate substitution and different branch lengths were obtained. The random copolymer structure of PLGA and the successful grafting of PLGA to the P(VS-VA) backbone were confirmed by COSY NMR experiments. In vitro degradation studies demonstrated that the increased sulfonate substitution leads to a faster degradation rate; half-lives as fast as 8 days were observed. Nanoparticles were prepared from these amphiphilic graft copolymers by a solvent displacement technique and were characterized by particle size, polydispersity, zeta potential, and SEM. These novel biodegradable polyesters are promising candidates as negatively charged polyelectrolyte platforms for cationic drug delivery systems.
Development of Piezo-element Sensor for Touch Trigger Probe. (2000)

A touch trigger probe sensor for coordinate measuring machines (CMM) detects a contact between a spherical stylus tip and an object to be measured. The conventional probes are not suitable for high speed measurement and high accuracy measurement of sub-micrometer order. A piezo-element novel sensor construction and a detecting circuit are proposed. To detect the impulsive contact force, four piezo-elements are mounted on a base of the stylus. The impulsive force brings a longitudinal wave and a bending wave which transmit separately in the stylus. The time difference between two waves arriving to the piezo-elements enlarges the detected position error. The two waves are detected electrically by the piezo-elements and separated by the detecting circuit, and the former signal is delayed so that two waves are seemed to arrive simultaneously at the piezo-elements. By the above signal processing, the error are improved to at most 50nm dispersion, at all of the force directions in a half sphere of the spherical stylus tip for a probing speed of 3-60mm/s.
Photonic RF Down-Converter Based on Optomechanical Oscillation (2008)

We demonstrate all-optical radio-frequency (RF) down-conversion in a silica microtoroid optomechanical (OM) oscillator. Preliminary results show that the OM oscillator can simultaneously serve as mixer and local oscillator in a photonic homodyne RF-receiver architecture.
Recoated temperature-insensitive long-period gratings (1997)

Long-period gratings are now being used as gain equalizers in broadband amplifiers 1 and as band-rejection filters in a variety of applications. 2 While these devices provide elegant in-fiber solutions to many problems in fiber communications, they can exhibit high temperature sensitivities if sufficient care is not taken in their design. When written in conventional communication-grade fibers, their spectra can shift by 4 - 10 nm per 100°C change in temperature. Two solutions to this problem have been successfully demonstrated using specially designed fibers, one based on tailoring the fiber refractive index profile 3 and the other based on the use of appropriate dopant materials in the core. 4 In this paper, we present long-period gratings written in conventional communication-grade fibers that use the properties of a specially-designed polymer recoat to provide the temperature-independent performance.
Reduced acoustic noise in diffusion tensor imaging on a compact <scp>MRI</scp> system (2017)

The feasibility of achieving reduced acoustic noise levels with whole-brain DTI on the C3T MRI was demonstrated. Magn Reson Med 79:2902-2911, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Remotely Powered Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (2012)

The remotely powered underwater acoustic sensor networks (RPUASN) paradigm is introduced, whereby sensor nodes harvest and store the power supplied by an external acoustic source, indefinitely extending their lifetime. Necessary source characteristics are determined. Feasibility is illustrated with realistic examples, and open research issues are pointed out. Performance of RPUASN is directly related to the sensing coverage and communication connectivity over the field the sensor nodes are deployed. The required number of RPUASN nodes and the volume which is guaranteed to be covered by the nodes are analyzed in terms of electrical power, range, directivity, and transmission frequency of the external acoustic source, and node power requirements.
High-efficiency RNA-based reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts (2018)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for regenerative medicine; however, their potential clinical application is hampered by the low efficiency of somatic cell reprogramming. Here, we show that the synergistic activity of synthetic modified mRNAs encoding reprogramming factors and miRNA-367/302s delivered as mature miRNA mimics greatly enhances the reprogramming of human primary fibroblasts into iPSCs. This synergistic activity is dependent upon an optimal RNA transfection regimen and culturing conditions tailored specifically to human primary fibroblasts. As a result, we can now generate up to 4,019 iPSC colonies from only 500 starting human primary neonatal fibroblasts and reprogram up to 90.7% of individually plated cells, producing multiple sister colonies. This methodology consistently generates clinically relevant, integration-free iPSCs from a variety of human patient's fibroblasts under feeder-free conditions and can be applicable for the clinical translation of iPSCs and studying the biology of reprogramming.
Generation of Two‐Phase Air‐Water Flow with Fine Microbubbles (2016)

Abstract Aiming at the development of a low‐cost technology for multipurpose water and surface treatment in the chemical industry and beyond, using microbubbles, a novel scheme of liquid‐gas interaction within a specially designed bubble generator was tested. Its efficiency for the production of microbubbles with a size distribution in the micron range is confirmed. The basic element of the device is a vortex chamber with water supply through tangential ducts, while the gas (air) is introduced in a highly turbulent swirling flow of water in radial direction through the orifice in the gas supply duct, located on the chamber axis. Bubble diameters, bubble velocities in the pipe flow and effect of the output pressure on the bubble size distribution were studied.
Interleukin-6 as a Photoreceptor Neuroprotectant in an Experimental Model of Retinal Detachment (2008)

IL-6 may serve as a photoreceptor neuroprotectant in the setting of retinal-RPE separation.
Tilted‐CAIPI for highly accelerated distortion‐free EPI with point spread function (PSF) encoding (2018)

Tilted-CAIPI achieved fast distortion- and blurring-free imaging with high SNR. Whole-brain T<sub>2</sub> -weighted, T<sub>2</sub><sup>*</sup> -weighted, and diffusion imaging can be obtained in just 15-60 s.
Artificial neural networks for stiffness estimation in magnetic resonance elastography (2017)

Artificial neural networks represent a new approach to inversion of MRE data. Summary results from NNI and DI are highly correlated and both are capable of detecting biologically relevant signals. Preliminary evidence suggests that NNI stiffness estimates may be more resistant to noise than an algebraic DI approach. Taken together, these results merit future investigation into NNIs to improve the estimation of stiffness in small regions. Magn Reson Med 80:351-360, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Physical-Layer Security of a Binary Data Sequence Transmitted With Bessel–Gaussian Beams Over an Optical Wiretap Channel (2018)

When an eavesdropper performs an optical beam-splitting attack in a free-space optical communications channel, it is referred to as an optical wiretap channel, which is an extension of Wyner's wiretap channel model. Even though physical-layer security can be compromised, it is possible to exploit the noisy and degraded channel conditions experienced by the eavesdropper to obtain positive secrecy capacity even when a shared secret key is not used. In our previous work, we found that employing Bessel-Gaussian beams can help to improve physical-layer security and provide higher secrecy capacity over that of Laguerre-Gaussian beams in a turbulent free-space optical communications channel. In this companion paper, we conducted an experiment exclusively with Bessel-Gaussian beams onto which we encoded a pseudorandom binary sequence to emulate data transmission over this optical wiretap channel. Bit-error rate curves for the intended receiver and the eavesdropper were calculated from which estimates of secrecy capacity were derived. We found that the bit-error rate curves for the eavesdropper were consistently worse than those of the intended receiver under several turbulence conditions and that further evidence of an error floor even when the eavesdropper uses an optical amplifier is promising for secure communications.
A Probabilistic Protocol for Multihop Routing in VANETs (2010)

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) allow communications over sequences of vehicles with radio devices. There are many possible applications over a VANET such as traffic jam warning, collision warning, parking lot reservations, camera picture feed , and so forth. There have been quite a few results in the area seeking for a fast and reliable communication protocol due to their potential. VANETs, however, are pointed out as difficult for numerical optimizations due to frequent changes in their topologies. As a result, heuristic methods such as GPSR have been mainly used for routing packets over multihop communications. In this paper, we present an algorithm to precompute the probability that communication is possible between specified source and destination in a VANET, under certain mathematical assumption. The proposed new protocol for multihop communication refers to a lookup table containing the precomputed data to decide a good packet forwarder quickly. We create a simulation testbed that seems challenging for all the existing multihop routing protocols for VANETs, in which we test ours. We see much improved performances over GPSR after the algorithm is refined for some practical issues.
Complementary Density Gradient of Poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and YIGSR Selectively Guides Migration of Endotheliocytes (2014)

Selective enhancement of directional migration of endotheliocytes (ECs) over vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) plays a significant role for the fast endothelialization of blood-contacting implants, in particular for the antirestenosis of vascular stents. Herein, a complementary density gradient of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brushes and YIGSR peptide, a sequence specifically improving the mobility of ECs, was fabricated using a dynamically controlled reaction process. The gradients were visualized by fluorescent labeling and further quantified by X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-d). The ECs exhibited preferential orientation and enhanced directional migration behavior on the gradient surface toward the region of lower PHEMA density and higher YIGSR density. The migration rate of the ECs was significantly enhanced to 5-fold, whereas the mobility of SMCs was not significantly influenced, leading to faster migration of ECs than SMCs. Therefore, the success of the complementary gradient relies on the appropriate interplay between the PHEMA brushes and the cell-specific ligands, enabling the selective guidance of EC migration.
Development of Synthetic Routes to <scp>d</scp>,<scp>l</scp>-α-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) from Biologically Produced Geranylgeraniol (2002)

The use of the biologically derived diterpene alcohol geranylgeraniol was explored as an alternative to petrochemical-based isophytol as a side-chain synthon for producing d,l-α-tocopherol. Two routes were studied, both of which begin with allylic epoxidation followed by olefin hydrogenation to give epoxyphytol. Epoxyphytol can be reduced with Red-Al to provide phytan-1,3-diol which upon acid-catalyzed condensation with trimethylhydroquinone gives vitamin E in fair yield. In a higher-yielding process, epoxyphytol was deoxygenated with methylrhenium trioxide/triphenylphosphine to generate a mixture of phytol and isophytol (>90% yield from geranylgeraniol). This mixture can serve as a “plug-in” replacement for isophytol in the final step of the currently practiced vitamin E chemistry. The use of methylrhenium trioxide to catalyse dehydration of vinyl dialkyl carbinols to 1,3-dienes was also demonstrated.
Novel 4-cyano, 4-amino, and 4-aminomethyl Derivatives ofPyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines, Pyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines and2-H-indazole Compounds and 5-cyano, 5-amino, and 5-aminomethylDerivatives of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines, andImidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines Compounds (2007)

The invention provides a class of bicyclic heterocyclic compds.
of formulas I, II, and III as inhibitors of cyclin dependent
kinases, methods of prepg. such compds., pharmaceutical compns.
contg. one or more such compds., methods of prepg.
pharmaceutical formulations comprising one or more such
compds., and methods of treatment, prevention, inhibition, or
amelioration of one or more diseases assocd. with the CDKs
using such compds. or pharmaceutical compns. Compds. of
formulas I, II, and III wherein X is C or N; Y is CH, NH2, and
CH2NH2; R1 is H, halo, NH2, (un)substituted alkyl, alkenyl,
(hetero)aryl, CF3, etc.; R2 is H, halo, NH2 and derivs., CO2H
and derivs., CONH2 and derivs., alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl,
cycloalkyl, (hetero)aryl, etc.; R3 is halo, CN, amino,
alkylamino, cycloalkylamino, arylakylamino, hydroxyalkylamino,
etc.; R4 is H, halo, CN and alkyl; are claimed. Example compd.
IV was prepd. by cyanation of
5-bromo-6-phenyl-8-(pyridin-3-ylmethylamino)imidazo[1,5-a]pyraz
ine with zinc cyanide. All the invention compds. were evaluated
for their CDK inhibitory activity.
New methodology for specific inhalation challenges with occupational agents in powder form (1989)

Numerous agents in powder form (wood dust, flour, antibiotics, drugs, etc.) can cause occupational asthma. The diagnosis is generally confirmed by specific inhalation challenges in a special challenge room. There are several pitfalls to the procedure: 1) subjects may be exposed to high concentrations of particles; the concentrations of particles may be higher than the threshold limit value-short term exposure level (TLV-STEL), possibly resulting in severe or irritant reactions; 2) the exposure is erratic. To overcome these problems, a new device for aerosolization of powders has been developed. This apparatus consists of three parts: a particles generator, an aerosol delivery system connected to an orofacial mask, and monitors - a photometer and a cascade impactor. Information on the concentration and size distribution of inhaled particles can therefore be obtained. We performed specific inhalation challenges with this apparatus on 20 subjects suspected of having occupational asthma. The concentration of particles was generally below or close to the TLV-STEL and information was obtained on the proportion of particles with a diameter less than 10 mu. Falls in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were progressive with each increase in the duration of exposure. The five subjects who had negative reactions to exposure were asked to tip the relevant product from one tray to another in the traditional realistic way. All had negative responses. We conclude that this new procedure offers advantages over the traditional method as it gives information on the concentration and size distribution of inhaled particles and makes the drawing of a dose-response curve possible, both of which may improve the safety and accuracy of the test.
68.3: Next Generation Liquid Optically Clear Adhesives (2013)

Abstract Liquid optically clear adhesives (LOCAs) are being used to attach various components in display assemblies to significantly enhance the viewer experience, display performance, and reliability. In this paper, we will discuss Henkel's latest technology development on LCD full lamination solutions including stress‐free LCD lamination, innovative primer technique to solve shadow curing issues, material and processing solutions to achieve excellent edge definition, and cleaner solution to address LOCA cleaning and reworking challenges.
Evaluation of colorectal cancer-associated mucin CA M43 assay in serum (1993)

The technical performance of a newly developed assay for CA M43, a serum marker for colorectal cancer, was evaluated and its preliminary clinical potential assessed. The heterologous double-determinant enzyme immunoassay for the detection of the tumor-associated mucin CA M43 utilizes two monoclonal antibodies (CT 43 and CT 66) selected for their binding capacity to two distinct epitopes present on mucins in the sera of patients with colorectal cancer. CT 66 recognizes both Lewis(a) and sialylated Lewis(a) antigen; CT 43 is directed toward a mucin epitope of an as-yet uncharacterized structure. Precision experiments revealed interassay CVs of 11.8%, 5.9%, and 4.9% at 9.3, 11.9, and 78.9 units/mL, respectively; intraassay precision was 2.0% at 95.1 units/mL. The upper normal value was set at 7.5 units/mL, which included 99% of the values found in healthy controls. In colorectal cancer patients, CA M43 showed a positivity rate equivalent to that of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and superior to that of CA 19.9, with only one CA 19.9-positive serum being negative for CA M43. Interestingly, CA M43 appeared to be complementary to CEA, with CA M43 and CEA together reaching 87% positivity in metastatic disease.
Scalable Synthesis of a New Class of Polymer Microrods by a Liquid–Liquid Dispersion Technique (2004)

An efficient scalable process for forming polymer microrods, based on a liquid–liquid dispersion technique, is reported. Rod-like particles with diameters of 0.5–3 μm and lengths of tens of micrometers form via three concurrent processes: emulsification of polymer solution, shear-driven deformation of the drops into cylinders, and solidification into rod-like particles (see Figure). The microrods are readily oriented by electric fields.
In-situ assaying for uranium in rock formations. [Patent reissue] (1972)

The specification discloses a technique for assaying for delayed fission neutrons from uranium to obtain a quantitative measure of uranium ore grade. In one embodiment, a pulsed neutron source of 14-MeV neutrons and a neutron detector are located in a borehole at the level of a formation of interest. The source is operated cyclically to irradiate the formations with bursts of fast neutrons, and the resulting neutrons from the formations are detected. Measurements are made of those neutrons detected between neutron bursts and indicative of delayed neutrons emitted as a result of neutron fission of uranium. Measurements also are obtained in a non-ore-bearing formation to record the count of delayed neutrons emitted from oxygen when irradiated. These measurements are compared with those obtained in the ore-bearing formations of interest to correct for the effect of the oxygen background.