gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selenium supplementation for critically ill adults (2015)

Despite publication of a number of trials, the current evidence to recommend supplementation of critically ill patients with selenium or ebselen remains disputed. Trials are required which overcome the methodological inadequacies of the reviewed studies, particularly in relation to sample size, design and outcomes.
Exploiting heat-accelerated flash memory wear-out recovery to enable self-healing SSDs (2011)

Data from this study in a national sample do not support the hypothesis of an inverse height-heart disease relation.
Long-term pain (2007)

Abstract This resource provides an overview of the management of patients with long-term pain for primary care clinicians. Written in a distinct yet informal style, the book covers the science underlying common pain syndromes and their modern management.
Cortical And Subcortical Components Of The Pattern VEP (1983)

Studies in the past have shown that wavelength related VEPs can be recorded from both cortical and noncortical sites. Elements of pattern-specific VEPs for both transient and pattern-reversal stimuli are also obtained from these sites. From the noncortical montage consistent responses are obtained with a major component at about 100 msec, which has been found for both the wavelength related and pattern related VEP. In contrast, the cortical VEP to both types of stimuli include two major components, at around 100 and 200 msec. In pattern reversal these components react quite differently to changes in spatial frequency. The component around 100 msec reacts strongly to a wide range of spatial frequencies when recorded from either cortical or noncortical sites. In contrast, the component around 200 msec, obtained with cortical recording, reacts very strongly to high spatial frequencies and very weakly to low spatial frequencies. This finding corresponds to recent results of single-cell studies in the macaque LGN and striate cortex.
H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>/Tf<sub>2</sub>O System: An Efficient Oxidizing Reagent for Selective Oxidation of Sulfanes (2008)

A versatile procedure for the oxidation of sulfanes to sulf­oxides without any overoxidation to sulfones has been reported. It is noteworthy that the reaction tolerates oxidatively sensitive functional groups and that the sulfur atom is selectively oxidized.
Elevated Akt Activity Protects the Prostate Cancer Cell Line LNCaP from TRAIL-induced Apoptosis (2001)

We find that the prostate cancer cell lines ALVA-31, PC-3, and DU 145 are highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by TRAIL (tumor-necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), while the cell lines TSU-Pr1 and JCA-1 are moderately sensitive, and the LNCaP cell line is resistant. LNCaP cells lack active lipid phosphatase PTEN, a negative regulator of the phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase/Akt pathway, and demonstrate a high constitutive Akt activity. Inhibition of PI 3-kinase using wortmannin and LY-294002 suppressed constitutive Akt activity and sensitized LNCaP cells to TRAIL. Treatment of LNCaP cells with TRAIL alone induced cleavage of the caspase 8 and XIAP proteins. However, processing of BID, mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspases 7 and 9, and apoptosis did not occur unless TRAIL was combined with either wortmannin, LY-294002, or cycloheximide. Blocking cytochrome c release by Bcl-2 overexpression rendered LNCaP cells resistant to TRAIL plus wortmannin treatment but did not affect caspase 8 or BID processing. This indicates that in these cells mitochondria are required for the propagation rather than the initiation of the apoptotic cascade. Infection of LNCaP cells with an adenovirus expressing a constitutively active Akt reversed the ability of wortmannin to potentiate TRAIL-induced BID cleavage. Thus, the PI 3-kinase-dependent blockage of TRAIL-induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells appears to be mediated by Akt through the inhibition of BID cleavage.
Detecting meat-and-bone meal in ruminant’s feedsby species-specific PCR (2003)

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, first identified in the UK in 1986, may have arisen from feeding scrapie infected meat-and-bone meal (MBM) to cattle that was produced under sub-optimal conditions. For public health and disease prevention reasons, banning the application of MBM in ruminant's feeds was necessary. This study utilized a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay to identify bovine, porcine, ovine, and chicken MBM in animal diets. Bone fragments from feed samples were separated by chloroform separation. A nucleospin column was used for DNA extraction. Four pairs of primers that targeted at highly conserved regions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were employed in a PCR procedure to detect bovine, porcine, ovine and chicken DNA sequences. These gene fragments at the targeting region for the four species were 271, 225, 212 and 266 bps in size, respectively.
Antioxidative and Antimutagenic Activities of 70% Ethanolic Extracts from Four Fungal Mycelia-Fermented Specialty Rices (2008)

The health-promoting potential of 70% ethanolic extracts of 4 rice varieties fermented with Monascus ruber, Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps sinensis and Agaricus blazei was evaluated mainly focusing on their antioxidative and antimutagenic capacities based on the following parameters: phenolic compound and phytic acid content; inhibitory activity on lipid peroxidation; scavenging activity on DPPH radical; suppressing ability on mitomycin C-induced mutagenesis in E. coli cells; and protective effect on 4-nitroquinoline oxide-triggered DNA lesion in V79 hamster cells. The fermented rice extracts were superior in overall health-promoting parameters compared to the source material. The higher antimutagenic activity of the fermented rice extracts might be in part caused by a larger amount of antioxidant constituents such as phenolic compounds or phytic acid. Of the fungal species, Monascus ruber was found to impart a marked increase in both the antioxidative and antimutagenic abilities to the source material. The current study suggests a possibility that such fermented rice may contribute to the prevention of lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer through a daily intake of rice-based diets.
Assessment of injury in transplanted and nontransplanted lungs after 6 h of cold storage with glutathione (1994)

Single-lung transplantation after 3 h of hypothermic storage produces bilateral lung injury [pulmonary reimplantation response (PRR)]. We hypothesized that glutathione (GSH) hypothermic storage would protect both lungs from PRR for extended preservation times and that differences in injury and protection would be realized between the graft and the nontransplanted lung. Mongrel dogs underwent left single-lung autotransplantation after preservation for 5-6 h in Euro-Collins (EC) solution, EC plus exogenous GSH (EC+GSH), or Viaspan (VIA) at 4 degrees C. Lung injury was measured in both lungs after 1 h of reperfusion. EC dogs demonstrated significant increases in lung edema, lipid peroxidation, and alveolar neutrophil recruitment in the lung graft and to a less extent in the nontransplanted right lung compared with control dogs (P < 0.05). Edema, lipid peroxidation, and alveolar neutrophils were significantly reduced in both lungs from EC+GSH and VIA dogs compared with lungs from EC dogs (P < 0.05). An increase in large-pore permeability was measured in the lung graft from EC dogs compared with all other lungs. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid lactate dehydrogenase and total protein concentrations were elevated in both lungs from all three groups of tranplanted dogs compared with those of control dogs (P < 0.05). These data suggest that GSH-containing solutions attenuate the PRR after 6 h of ischemic hypothermic storage but that the protection is incomplete. Mechanisms of injury affecting the lung graft during the PRR appear to differ from those affecting the nontransplanted lung.
p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Activation of Protein Phosphatases 1 and 2A Inhibits MEK1 and MEK2 Activity and Collagenase 1 (MMP-1) Gene Expression (2001)

Degradation of collagenous extracellular matrix by collagenase 1 (also known as matrix metalloproteinase 1 [MMP-1]) plays a role in the pathogenesis of various destructive disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic ulcers, and tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, we have investigated the role of distinct mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways in the regulation of MMP-1 gene expression. The activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1)/ERK2 (designated ERK1,2) pathway by oncogenic Ras, constitutively active Raf-1, or phorbol ester resulted in potent stimulation of MMP-1 promoter activity and mRNA expression. In contrast, activation of stress-activated c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 pathways by expression of constitutively active mutants of Rac, transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), MAPK kinase 3 (MKK3), or MKK6 or by treatment with arsenite or anisomycin did not alone markedly enhance MMP-1 promoter activity. Constitutively active MKK6 augmented Raf-1-mediated activation of the MMP-1 promoter, whereas active mutants of TAK1 and MKK3b potently inhibited the stimulatory effect of Raf-1. Activation of p38 MAPK by arsenite also potently abrogated stimulation of MMP-1 gene expression by constitutively active Ras and Raf-1 and by phorbol ester. Specific activation of p38alpha by adenovirus-delivered constitutively active MKK3b resulted in potent inhibition of the activity of ERK1,2 and its upstream activator MEK1,2. Furthermore, arsenite prevented phorbol ester-induced phosphorylation of ERK1,2 kinase-MEK1,2, and this effect was dependent on p38-mediated activation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and PP2A. These results provide evidence that activation of signaling cascade MKK3-MKK3b-->p38alpha blocks the ERK1,2 pathway at the level of MEK1,2 via PP1-PP2A and inhibits the activation of MMP-1 gene expression.
Chapter 1. Industrial Aspects of Fluorinated Oligomers and Polymers (2016)

An overview is given of fluorinated monomers, building blocks, oligomers and polymers, their industrial production and some of their applications. Functional perfluoropolyethers, functional (meth)acrylate oligomers and their applications in low surface energy coatings are areas of special attention. Environmental aspects of fluorinated emulsifiers, used during fluoropolymer manufacturing and recycling of fluorinated materials with the ultimate goal of closing the fluorine cycle, are reviewed.
Functional Analysis of<scp>d</scp>-Alanylation of Lipoteichoic Acid in the Probiotic Strain<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>GG (2007)

Lipoteichoic acid (LTA) is a macroamphiphile molecule which performs several functions in gram-positive bacteria, such as maintenance of cell wall homeostasis. D-alanylation of LTA requires the proteins encoded by the dlt operon, and this process is directly related to the charge properties of this polymer strongly contributing to its function. The insertional inactivation of dltD of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (ATCC 53103) resulted in the complete absence of D-alanyl esters in the LTA as confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. This was reflected in modifications of the bacterial cell surface properties. The dltD strain showed 2.4-fold-increased cell length, a low survival capacity in response to gastric juice challenge, an increased sensitivity to human beta-defensin-2, an increased rate of autolysis, an increased capacity to initiate growth in the presence of an anionic detergent, and a decreased capacity to initiate growth in the presence of cationic peptides compared to wild-type results. However, in vitro experiments revealed no major differences for adhesion to human intestinal epithelial cells, biofilm formation, and immunomodulation. These properties are considered to be important for probiotics. The role of the dlt operon in lactobacilli is discussed in view of these results.
Catalysis and In Situ Studies of Rh<sub>1</sub>/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanorods in Reduction of NO with H<sub>2</sub> (2013)

Efficient use of precious metal atoms in heterogeneous catalysis is important in chemical transformation and environmental remediation. Co3O4 with singly dispersed Rh atoms, Rh1/Co3O4, was synthesized for reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen. Studies using extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) showed that the singly dispersed Rh atoms are bonded to surface oxygen atoms before catalysis. In situ studies using ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (AP-XPS), EXAFS, and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) suggested that the surface of Rh1/Co3O4 with singly dispersed Rh atoms is restructured into a new geometry at 220 °C in the mixture of reactant gases (NO and H2). It forms RhCon nanoclusters singly dispersed in the surface layer of Co3O4. The restructured catalyst, RhCon/Co3O4 exhibits a much better catalytic performance in contrast to Rh1/Co3O4 without a restructuring. RhCon/Co3O4 is highly active for reduction of nitric oxide with hydrogen. Selectivity to the production of N2 at 220 °C is 87% and reaches 97% at 300 °C. In situ studies showed this catalyst maintains its single dispersion of Rh atoms up to 300 °C during catalysis.
Microtubules soften due to cross-sectional flattening (2018)

We use optical trapping to continuously bend an isolated microtubule while simultaneously measuring the applied force and the resulting filament strain, thus allowing us to determine its elastic properties over a wide range of applied strains. We find that, while in the low-strain regime, microtubules may be quantitatively described in terms of the classical Euler-Bernoulli elastic filament, above a critical strain they deviate from this simple elastic model, showing a softening response with increasingdeformations. A three-dimensional thin-shell model, in which the increased mechanical compliance is caused by flattening and eventual buckling of the filament cross-section, captures this softening effect in the high strain regime and yields quantitative values of the effective mechanical properties of microtubules. Our results demonstrate that properties of microtubules are highly dependent on the magnitude of the applied strain and offer a new interpretation for the large variety in microtubule mechanical data measured by different methods.
New dimensions and new tools to realize the potential of RDoC: digital phenotyping via smartphones and connected devices (2017)

Mobile and connected devices like smartphones and wearable sensors can facilitate the collection of novel naturalistic and longitudinal data relevant to psychiatry at both the personal and population level. The National Institute of Mental Health's Research Domain Criteria framework offers a useful roadmap to organize, guide and lead new digital phenotyping data towards research discoveries and clinical advances.
Solid solution or amorphous phase formation in TiZr-based ternary to quinternary multi-principal-element films (2014)

TiZr-based multicomponent metallic films composed of 3–5 constituents with almost equal atomic concentrations were prepared by co-sputtering of pure metallic targets in an Ar atmosphere. X-ray diffraction was employed to determine phase composition, crystalline structure, lattice parameters, texture and crystallite size of the deposited films. The deposited films exhibited only solid solution (fcc, bcc or hcp) or amorphous phases, no intermetallic components being detected. It was found that the hcp structure was stabilized by the presence of Hf or Y, bcc by Nb or Al and fcc by Cu. For the investigated films, the atomic size difference, mixing enthalpy, mixing entropy, Gibbs free energy of mixing and the electronegativity difference for solid solution and amorphous phases were calculated based on Miedema׳s approach of the regular solution model. It was shown that the atomic size difference and the ratio between the Gibbs free energies of mixing of the solid solution and amorphous phases were the most significant parameters controlling the film crystallinity.
Prognostic Factors in Patients Treated with <sup>223</sup>Ra: The Role of Skeletal Tumor Burden on Baseline <sup>18</sup>F-Fluoride PET/CT in Predicting Overall Survival (2015)

Skeletal tumor burden on baseline fluoride PET/CT is a predictive biomarker of OS and the risk of an SRE in patients treated with (223)Ra.
Continuous Polycrystalline Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐90 Membranes on Polymeric Hollow Fibers (2012)

MOF-Mantel: Polykristalline ZIF-90-Membranen (Bild links) entstehen bei 65 °C aus methanolischen Vorstufenlösungen auf nanokristallgeimpften Oberflächen makroporöser Polyamid-Polyimid-Hohlfasern (rechts). Die ZIF-90-Membranen zeigen gute Trennleistungen für lineare gegenüber cyclischen Kohlenwasserstoffen sowie höhere Gaspermeationsselektivitäten als die Knudsen-Werte.
Urothelium EP1 receptor facilitates the micturition reflex in mice (2008)

We investigated the presence of EP1 receptor in the urothelium and its role in micturition reflex by examining the effect of intravesical administration of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE2), an EP1 agonist (ONO-DI-004), acetic acid, and capsaicin. Age-matched EP1-KO mice and C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) mice were used. Western blots and standard immunohistochemical procedures were performed. Cystometrygram (CMG) was performed without anesthesia in a restraining cage. ATP release from the cultured urothelium cells was performed using luciferin-luciferase luminometry. The EP1 receptor was found to be present in the urothelium. In WT mice, PGE2 infusion shortened the intercontraction interval (ICI) in a dose-dependent fashion; however, it did not alter the ICI in EP1-KO mice. The EP1 agonist significantly shortened the ICI in WT mice, but not in EP1-KO mice. Acetic acid and capsaicin shortened the ICI in both WT mice and EP1-KO mice. EP1 agonist, PGE2 and capsaicin provoked ATP release from cultured urothelial cells. These results suggest that EP1 receptor was present in bladder urothelium, and could be activated by PGE2 to release ATP. EP1 receptor in urothelium might be important for reflex voiding in pathological conditions.
Interaction of a new photosensitive derivative of vinblastine, NAPAVIN, with tubulin and microtubules <i>in vitro</i> (1990)

We have synthesized a new photoreactive vinblastine derivative, 3-[[2-amino(4-azido-2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-amino)-carbonyl)-O4-deceatyl -3-de (methoxycarbonyl)-vincaleukoblastine (NAPAVIN), which can be photoactivated with light in the 455-nm region as well as with ultraviolet irradiation. Previous studies had shown that photoactivated NAPAVIN is much more effective than vinblastine in inhibiting cell proliferation of multidrug resistant cell lines. The experiments reported here demonstrate that the unirradiated derivative is very similar to vinblastine in its interactions with brain tubulin and microtubules, regarding inhibition of in vitro assembly, binding, aggregation, and production of protofilament spirals. Irradiation of [3H]NAPAVIN in the presence of tubulin led to covalent binding of the drug to both subunits of the protein. Labeling also occurred when NAPAVIN was first irradiated, then incubated with tubulin in the dark, indicating the production of a fairly stable reactive species with a half-life of about 400 min. We conclude that labeling by this compound, under some conditions, occurs not by a nitrene but by an electrophilic photoproduct.
Donor and acceptor guided modes in photonic crystal fibers (2000)

We present a triangular photonic-crystal-fiber structure that exhibits guided modes simultaneously above and below the first conduction band. We achieve this configuration by decreasing the size of one of the airholes (the defect) in a specific triangular lattice. More generally, we analyze the behavior of guided modes that depends on the size of the defect. Defects generated by decreasing or increasing the size of one of the holes produce donor or acceptor guided modes, respectively, in analogy with impurity levels in solid-state crystals. We conclude that the guiding mechanism for both donor and acceptor modes is produced by a unique phenomenon of multiple interference by a periodic structure.
Three-dimensional fabrication of cell-laden biodegradable poly(ethylene glycol-co-depsipeptide) hydrogels by visible light stereolithography (2015)

Stereolithography (SLA) holds great promise in fabrication of cell-laden hydrogels with biomimetic complexity for use in tissue engineering and pharmaceutics. However, the availability of biodegradable photocrosslinkable hydrogel polymers for SLA is very limited. In this study, a water-soluble methacrylated poly(ethylene glycol-<i>co-</i>depsipeptide) was synthesized to yield a biodegradable photocrosslinkable macromer for SLA. Structural analysis confirmed the inclusion of biodegradable peptide and ester groups and photocrosslinkable methacrylate groups into the polymer backbone. The new macromer combined with RGDS peptide was used for SLA fabrication of hydrogels in absence and presence of cells. With the increasing light exposure time in SLA, mechanical stiffness of the hydrogels increased from 3 ± 1 kPa to 38 ± 13 kPa. Total mass loss of the samples within 7 days in PBS was 13%-21% and within 24 days 35%-66%. Due to degradation, the mechanical stiffness decreased by one order magnitude within 7-day incubation in PBS. Encapsulated endothelial cells proliferated in the hydrogels during 10-day <i>in vitro</i> cell culturing study. The macromer was further used in SLA to fabricate bifurcating tubular structures as preliminary vessel grafts. The new biodegradable, photocrosslinkable polymer is a significant addition to the very limited material selection currently available for SLA-based fabrication of cell-laden tissue engineering constructs.
On-eye Performance of Custom Wavefront-guided Soft Contact Lenses in a Habitual Soft Lens-wearing Keratoconic Patient (2007)

The final custom contact lens showed 1.5 lines of improvement for photopic high contrast (P=.03) and 1 line for photopic low contrast (P=.11) over a 5-mm pupil compared to habitual correction. Low and high order aberrations were reduced by 84% and 50% over a 5-mm pupil, respectively. Further improvements in performance of custom lenses may be achieved with further wavefront iterations.
Rate coefficients for the reactions of C($\mathsf{^3}$P$\mathsf{{\it _J}}$) atoms withC<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, CH<sub>3</sub>C$ \mathsf{\equiv} $CH andH<sub>2</sub>C$ \mathsf{=} $C$ \mathsf{=} $CH<sub>2</sub> attemperatures down to 15 K (2001)

Rate coefficients for the reactions of ground state carbon atoms, C(3PJ), with the four unsaturated hydrocarbons C2H2, C2H4, and have been measured at temperatures down to 15 K. The experiments have been performed in a continuous flow CRESU (Cinétique de Réaction en Écoulement Supersonique Uniforme) apparatus using pulsed laser photolysis of C3O2 to generate C(3PJ) atoms and laser-induced fluorescence in the vacuum ultraviolet to observe the kinetic decays of the atoms and hence determine the rate coefficients. All four reactions are found to occur at rates close to the collision-determined limit and the rates show at most a very mild dependence on temperature. It is argued that normally these reactions proceed along a reaction path with no barrier to form a strongly bound energised adduct, which subsequently eliminates an H atom to form the reaction products. The rates of the reactions of C(3PJ) atoms with larger unsaturated hydrocarbons are discussed. Finally, the relevance of the results for the chemistry of dense interstellar clouds is considered.