gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gated Chromium Volcano Emitters (2005)

The emission of conically-shaped field emitter arrays depends strongly on the radii of the emitters. Emission currents can change by an order of magnitude with variations of radiiby only 10 angstroms. To obtain uniform emission within an array, it is thus crucial to control1 the radii within a very narrow specification [l]. This is hard to achieve for most of the processes . investigated so far. An alternative structure is the thin film emitter in which the thickness of the film determines the radius. Emission sites are statistically distributed along the edges of the emitter film [l]. In this paper, we report some results of gated volcano emitters, in which emission takes place from sites along a O.lpm thick chromium ring. Figure 1 shows the scanning electron micrograph of the device. Processing is similar to the method described for recessed gate devices [l] except that the roles of emitters and gates are reversed and that the gate, which is fabricated in n-type silicon, is fabricated as a plateau-shaped structure and not as a cone. Emission is achieved by biasing the plateau positive with respect to the volcano emitter. The distance between the gate and the emitter is lpm. Figure 2 shows the F-N plots of the device measured at 300 and 400°C and at room temperature after the 300°C measurement. Very little temperature dependency is observed. I/V characteristics and current fluctuation measurements as a function of temperature will also be presented during the talk. The current fluctuations are smaller as compared to our silicon cone emitters.
Depth Map Coding Optimization Using Rendered View Distortion for 3D Video Coding (2015)

In order to improve 3D video coding efficiency, we propose methods to estimate rendered view distortion in synthesized views as a function of the depth map quantization error. Our approach starts by calculating the geometric error caused by the depth map error based on the camera parameters. Then, we estimate the rendered view distortion based on the local video characteristics. The estimated rendered view distortion is used in the rate-distortion optimized mode selection for depth map coding. A Lagrange multiplier is derived using the proposed distortion metric, which is estimated based on an autoregressive model. Experimental results show the efficiency of the proposed methods, with average savings of 43% in depth map bitrate as compared with encoding the depth maps using the same coding tools but with the rate-distortion optimization based on the conventional distortion metric.
Query optimization in Oracle 12c database in-memory (2015)

Traditional on-disk row major tables have been the dominant storage mechanism in relational databases for decades. Over the last decade, however, with explosive growth in data volume and demand for faster analytics, has come the recognition that a different data representation is needed. There is widespread agreement that in-memory column-oriented databases are best suited to meet the realities of this new world. Oracle 12c Database In-memory, the industry's first dual-format database, allows existing row major on-disk tables to have complementary in-memory columnar representations. The new storage format brings new data processing techniques and query execution algorithms and thus new challenges for the query optimizer. Execution plans that are optimal for one format may be sub-optimal for the other. In this paper, we describe the changes made in the query optimizer to generate execution plans optimized for the specific format -- row major or columnar -- that will be scanned during query execution. With enhancements in several areas -- statistics, cost model, query transformation, access path and join optimization, parallelism, and cluster-awareness -- the query optimizer plays a significant role in unlocking the full promise and performance of Oracle Database In-Memory.
Continuously tunable photopumped 1.3-μm fiber Fabry-Perot surface-emitting lasers (1998)

Continuously tunable, single-frequency, optically pumped semiconductor-fiber lasers are demonstrated that embody a half-cavity, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser within a fiber Fabry-Perot cavity. Continuous wavelength tuning over 40 nm at 1300-nm wavelength region is obtained under continuous-wave operation.
Sonoelastographic imaging of interference patterns for estimation of shear velocity distribution in biomaterials (2006)

The authors have recently demonstrated the shear wave interference patterns created by two coherent vibration sources imaged with the vibration sonoelastography technique. If the two sources vibrate at slightly different frequencies omega and omega+deltaomega, respectively, the interference patterns move at an apparent velocity of (deltaomega/2omega)upsilon(shear), where upsilon(shear) is the shear wave speed. We name the moving interference patterns "crawling waves." In this paper, we extend the techniques to inspect biomaterials with nonuniform stiffness distributions. A relationship between the local crawling wave speed and the local shear wave velocity is derived. In addition, a modified technique is proposed whereby only one shear wave source propagates shear waves into the medium at the frequency omega. The ultrasound probe is externally vibrated at the frequency omega-deltaomega. The resulting field estimated by the ultrasound (US) scanner is proven to be an exact representation of the propagating shear wave field. The authors name the apparent wave motion "holography waves." Real-time video sequences of both types of waves are acquired on various inhomogeneous elastic media. The distribution of the crawling/holographic wave speeds are estimated. The estimated wave speeds correlate with the stiffness distributions.
Integrin α5β1 Promotes Survival of Growth-Arrested Breast Cancer Cells (2004)

The mechanisms of long-term survival of occult breast cancer cells in the bone marrow microenvironment are not known. Using selected bone marrow stromal components with demonstrated roles in promoting growth arrest and survival of breast cancer cells, we reconstituted an in vitro model for dormancy of breast cancer cells in bone marrow. According to this model, basic fibroblast growth factor, a mammary differentiation factor abundant in the bone marrow stroma, induces growth arrest of relatively well-differentiated breast cancer cells, induces a spread appearance, and restricts their survival to fibronectin by up-regulating integrin alpha5beta1. Most of the basic fibroblast growth factor-arrested cells fail to establish optimal ligation to fibronectin and undergo cell death. Cells that do attach to fibronectin, another major constituent of the bone marrow microenvironment, stay alive and growth-arrested for many weeks. Although capable of adhering to other stromal proteins collagen and laminin, dormant cells do not gain a survival advantage from these interactions. Using function-blocking peptides, we show a specific contribution of alpha5beta1-fibronectin interaction in maintaining survival of growth-arrested cells, potentially by negatively modulating apoptotic response via signaling pathways. Blocking of phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase and Akt inhibits survival of dormant clones, demonstrating this as one of those pathways. Experiments with human bone marrow stroma cocultures confirm the role of fibronectin ligation in maintaining survival of dormant clones.
Improved ionization chamber dosimeter (1990)

This invention is comprised of a method for fabricating an ion chamber dosimeter collecting array of the type utilizing plural discrete elements formed on a uniform collecting surface which includes forming a thin insulating layer over an aperture in a frame having surfaces, forming a predetermined pattern of through holes in the layer, plating both surfaces of the layer and simultaneously tilting and rotating the frame for uniform plate-through of the holes between surfaces. Aligned masking and patterned etching of the surfaces provides interconnects between the through holes and copper leads provided to external circuitry.
Measuring multimedia quality in mobile networks with an objective parametric model (2008)

The perceived quality of a multimedia stream can be estimated with good accuracy with a parametric no-reference opinion model taking codec, total coded bitrate, packet loss rate, and buffering events as input. A rebuffering event in a multimedia stream severely reduces the perceived quality with up to 1.5 MOS units for a QCIF video. High packet loss rates can reduce the quality with as much as 2.5 MOS units. The effect of these two degradation types has been combined in a non-linear way together with information about codec and coded bitrate to form a parametric no-reference objective opinion model. The model shows good performance with RMSE of 0.33 and correlation coefficient of 0.93.
Regular Analog/RF Integrated Circuits Design Using Optimization With Recourse Including Ellipsoidal Uncertainty (2009)

Long design cycles due to the inability to predict silicon realities are a well-known problem that plagues analog/RF integrated circuit product development. As this problem worsens for nanoscale IC technologies, the high cost of design and multiple manufacturing spins causes fewer products to have the volume required to support full-custom implementation. Design reuse and analog synthesis make analog/RF design more affordable; however, the increasing process variability and lack of modeling accuracy remain extremely challenging for nanoscale analog/RF design. We propose a regular analog/RF IC using metal-mask configurability design methodology Optimization with Recourse of Analog Circuits including Layout Extraction (ORACLE), which is a combination of reuse and shared-use by formulating the synthesis problem as an optimization with recourse problem. Using a two-stage geometric programming with recourse approach, ORACLE solves for both the globally optimal shared and application-specific variables. Furthermore, robust optimization is proposed to treat the design with variability problem, further enhancing the ORACLE methodology by providing yield bound for each configuration of regular designs. The statistical variations of the process parameters are captured by a confidence ellipsoid. We demonstrate ORACLE for regular Low Noise Amplifier designs using metal-mask configurability, where a range of applications share common underlying structure and application-specific customization is performed using the metal-mask layers. Two RF oscillator design examples are shown to achieve robust designs with guaranteed yield bound.
The potential for clean energy production using oxy-fuel combustion and integrated pollutant removal (2005)

Effective remediation of flue gas produced by an oxy-fuel coal combustion process has been proven at bench scale in the course of cooperative research between USDOE’s Albany Research Center (ARC) and Jupiter Oxygen Corporation. All combustion gas pollutants were captured, including CO2 which was compressed to a liquefied state suitable for sequestration. Current laboratory-scale research and the future of combined oxy-fuel/IPR systems are discussed.
The Dapagliflozin And Prevention of Adverse-Outcomes in Heart Failure (DAPA-HF) Trial: Baseline Characteristics (2019)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT03036124.
A high-responsivity photodetector absent metal-germanium direct contact (2014)

We report a Ge-on-Si photodetector without doped Ge or Ge-metal contacts. Despite the simplified fabrication process, the device shows a responsivity of 1.14 A/W at -4 V reverse bias and 1.44 A/W at -12V, at 1550 nm wavelength. Dark current is less than 1µA under both bias conditions. We also demonstrate open eye diagrams at 40Gb/s.
A thermal dynamical boron getter (pp+ getter) in Fe-contaminated mass production of the boron diffused n+pp+ BSF bifacial silicon solar cells (2003)

Thermal dynamical treatments for improving the lifetime of the p base of n+pp+ BSF bifacial silicon solar cells have been demonstrated using iron behavior parameters called pp+ getter. The SIMS for the wafers in mass production showed a precipitated high concentration of the iron region near the surface of the boron diffusion layer, and the phosphorus diffusion layer respectively. A high temperature treatment is supposed to increases iron in the p base by diffusing interstitially from the precipitated region, and low temperature treatment decreases the iron over the solubility diffusing to the precipitated region. So, the last thermal treatment needs a long time and the low temperature enough for improving the lifetime. The simulations and examinations on the changes of the lifetime through the cell process showed good consistency.
Starting Point of Step-Bunching Defects on 4H-SiC Si-Face Substrates (2015)

On 4 H -SiC Si-face substrates after H 2 etching, the defect with “line” feature parallel to a step as “bunched-step line” was observed. Using X-ray topography and KOH etching, we confirmed that the bunched-step line originated from basal plane dislocation (BPD). Use of the substrate with the lowest BPD density will be effective to reduce bunched-step line that would affect oxide layer reliability on an epitaxial layer. However, more detail investigation needs to classify the BPD that would become a starting point of bunched-step line.
A Pelletizing Model and Its Application to Radioactive Waste Treatment (1984)

A pelletizing mechanism was studied theoretically and experimentally to transform radioactive waste powders into dense and hard pellets in conjunction with the development of a new volume reduction system, a drying and pelletizing system. A pelletizing model was proposed based on plastic deformation of powder particles. Its validity was confirmed by fundamental experiments. From the model, such pellet properties as density and strength can be predicted over a wide compacting pressure range of a pelletizer using one material constant, the shear modulus of the powder, and one experimental value. This led to the proposal of a method to control the pelletizer and to estimate pellet properties. Usefulness of the method was confirmed experimentally from pilot plant tests.
Efficiency Of Coupling in the Synthesis of Deoxyribonucleotide Phosphorothioates Via Phosphotriester Approach Utilizing Various Activating Reagents<sup>1</sup> (1996)

Abstract The synthesis of deoxyribonucleotide phosphorothioates via phosphotriester approach utilizing various coupling reagents is described.
Mitigating Wax Deposition From Crude Oils: Correlations Between Physical-Chemical Properties of Crude Oils and the Performance of Wax Inhibitors (2016)

Abstract In this paper, we explore the correlations between the effectiveness of several wax inhibitors and physico-chemical properties of crude oils. First, the effects of the type of fluid was studied by dissolving refined paraffin waxes in non-waxy crude oils—here termed "doctored" crude oils—of different properties and comparing the wax appearance temperature and pour point of the doctored crude oils to those determined for a model waxy fluid used in previous studies [1]. After treating the doctored crude oils with wax inhibitors, the ability of the chemicals to depress pour point was examined. Even though the paraffin waxes in these fluids were exactly the same, marked differences in the effectiveness of the chemicals were observed. The doctored condensate was very responsive to the inhibitors in a similar manner to that observed for the model waxy fluid, while doctored crude oils from the Middle East showed a significantly reduced response to most inhibitors. The results are discussed in terms of the differences in solubility of the paraffin waxes, and the chemical composition of the crude oils. Secondly, the influence of a wide range of crude oil properties on the effectiveness of wax inhibitors was investigated by treating seven (7) crude oils of different geographical origin with five (5) wax inhibitors and evaluating their performance to reduce wax deposits in a cold finger experiments. Distinct crude oil behaviors were observed in terms of their responsiveness to the wax inhibitors. Some crude oils were equally responsive to wax inhibitors, while others showed moderate response, and one was not responsive at all. The results are clear examples of the crude oil "specificity", and demonstrate the risks of using model waxy fluids, or even different crude oils, to extrapolate the performance of wax inhibitors. Additives that worked well in model fluids might not work at all in real crude oils. Lastly, physical properties of crude oils and molecular characteristics derived from high-temperature gas chromatography (HTGC) were used to seek a correlation to wax inhibition performance using chemometrics tools, specifically, principal component analysis (PCA). Preliminary results from the PCA approach indicate that several crude oil properties affect inhibition efficiency. The analysis suggests that the efficiency of the inhibitors studied here increases for crude oils with lower wax appearance temperature, lower pour point and lower carbon number distribution. It could also be inferred that inhibition efficiency was improved in crude oils containing higher amounts of asphaltenes but low wax content.
Abstract 10716: Etanercept as an Adjunct Therapy for Acute Kawasaki Disease: A Long Term Follow Up (2021)

Introduction: Etanercept, a soluble TNF receptor, is beneficial when given as an adjunct to IVIg to children with acute Kawasaki disease (KD) and coronary artery (CA) involvement. A multi-center phase III trial, Etanercept as Adjunctive Treatment for Acute Kawasaki Disease (EATAK), showed that this TNF antagonist prevented progression of CA dilation over 6 weeks after acute KD. Aims: This study is aimed to test the long-term benefit of Etanercept in improving CA outcome. Methods: Patients enrolled in the placebo controlled double blind EATAK trial from 3 institutions (Seattle, Montreal, Bronx) who had CA dilation (z≥2.5) on initial presentation were included in this study ( n =40). The percent reduction in the size of affected vessels from echocardiogram at presentation to mid-year (4-8 months), 1-year (9-23 months) and ≥2 years after diagnosis were analyzed, and two-tailed t test used to compare Etanercept (0.8 mg/kg x3 doses) and placebo ( n =18) groups. Results: Both groups showed mean reduction (20%) in coronary artery diameter over a 2 year period (Figure). However, patients treated with Etanercept had accelerated and significantly greater improvement in diameter of affected vessels in the first 6 months after diagnosis [22% ( n =25) vs. 6.8% ( n =13), p =0.015]. The trend continued at 1-year follow up ([24.1% ( n =35) vs. 17.5% ( n =27), p =0.24], and by 2 years both groups showed similar overall change [19.6% ( n =31) vs. 24.7% ( n =24), p =0. 43]. Conclusions: Etanercept as an adjunct treatment to IVIg in acute KD with CA involvement accelerates regression of CA dilation over at least a 6 month period after acute inflammation. Etanercept is a potent anti-inflammatory agent that has both early and long-term benefit in CA remodeling in KD. Acceleration of CA healing by Etanercept may provide long term coronary artery benefit.
The Candidate Sour Taste Receptor, PKD2L1, Is Expressed by Type III Taste Cells in the Mouse (2007)

The transient receptor potential channel, PKD2L1, is reported to be a candidate receptor for sour taste based on molecular biological and functional studies. Here, we investigated the expression pattern of PKD2L1-immunoreactivity (IR) in taste buds of the mouse. PKD2L1-IR is present in a few elongate cells in each taste bud as reported previously. The PKD2L1-expressing cells are different from those expressing PLCbeta2, a marker of Type II cells. Likewise PKD2L1-immunoreactive taste cells do not express ecto-ATPase which marks Type I cells. The PKD2L1-positive cells are immunoreactive for neural cell adhesion molecule, serotonin, PGP-9.5 (ubiquitin carboxy-terminal transferase), and chromogranin A, all of which are present in Type III taste cells. At the ultrastructural level, PKD2L1-immunoreactive cells form synapses onto afferent nerve fibers, another feature of Type III taste cells. These results are consistent with the idea that different taste cells in each taste bud perform distinct functions. We suggest that Type III cells are necessary for transduction and/or transmission of information about "sour", but have little or no role in transmission of taste information of other taste qualities.
Type I and type II keratins have evolved from lower eukaryotes to form the epidermal intermediate filaments in mammalian skin. (1983)

We have traced the evolutionary origins of keratin-like sequences to the genomes of lower eukaryotes. The proteins encoded by these genes have evolved to form the intermediate filaments that comprise the backbone of vertebrate skin cells. Two related but distinct types of keratins encoded by two separate multigene subfamilies are expressed in the epidermal keratinocytes of vertebrate species from fish to human. Both at the level of protein and at the level of DNA, these two classes of keratins are coordinately conserved throughout vertebrate evolution, indicating the central role that both types of keratins must play in the assembly and structure of the 8-nm filament.
Comparison of Probability and Likelihood Models for Peptide Identification from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Data (2005)

We evaluate statistical models used in two-hypothesis tests for identifying peptides from tandem mass spectrometry data. The null hypothesis H(0), that a peptide matches a spectrum by chance, requires information on the probability of by-chance matches between peptide fragments and peaks in the spectrum. Likewise, the alternate hypothesis H(A), that the spectrum is due to a particular peptide, requires probabilities that the peptide fragments would indeed be observed if it was the causative agent. We compare models for these probabilities by determining the identification rates produced by the models using an independent data set. The initial models use different probabilities depending on fragment ion type, but uniform probabilities for each ion type across all of the labile bonds along the backbone. More sophisticated models for probabilities under both H(A) and H(0) are introduced that do not assume uniform probabilities for each ion type. In addition, the performance of these models using a standard likelihood model is compared to an information theory approach derived from the likelihood model. Also, a simple but effective model for incorporating peak intensities is described. Finally, a support-vector machine is used to discriminate between correct and incorrect identifications based on multiple characteristics of the scoring functions. The results are shown to reduce the misidentification rate significantly when compared to a benchmark cross-correlation based approach.
2‐D/3‐D displays based on switchable lenticulars (2008)

Abstract— An attractive concept for 3‐D displays is the one based on LCDs equipped with lenticular lenses. This enables autostereoscopic multiview 3‐D displays without a loss in brightness. A general issue in multiview 3‐D displays is their relatively low spatial resolution because the pixels are divided among the different views. To overcome this problem, we have developed switchable displays, using liquid‐crystal (LC) filled switchable lenticulars. In this way, it is possible to have a high‐brightness 3‐D display capable of fully exploiting the native 2‐D resolution of the underlying LCD. The feasibility of LC‐filled switchable lenticulars was shown in several applications. For applications in which it is advantageous to be able to display 3‐D and 2‐D content simultaneously, a 42‐in. locally switchable prototype having a matrix electrode structure was developed. These displays were realized using cylindrically shaped lenticular lenses in contact with LC. An alternative for these are lenticulars based on gradient‐index (GRIN) LC lenses. Preliminary results for such switchable GRIN lenses are presented as well.