gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diode end-pumped passively Q-switched Tm:YAP laser with 185-mJ pulse energy (2015)

Passive Q switching of a Tm:YAP solid-state laser at 1935 nm with Cr:ZnSe and Cr:ZnS polycrystalline saturable absorbers is demonstrated for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. With Cr:ZnS, a maximum pulse energy of 1.85 mJ is obtained for a pulse duration of 35.8 ns, resulting in a peak power of 51.7 kW. With Cr:ZnSe, the achieved pulse energy of 1.55 mJ with a pulse duration of 42.2 ns leads to 36.7-kW peak power. These high pulse energies, together with the unique lasing wavelength at 1935 nm, make this laser a promising tool for biomedical and microsurgery applications.
The design and detection of signature sequences in time-frequency selective channel (2008)

In a slot-synchronized wireless communication system, a set of signature sequences can be derived by circularly shifting a base sequence with good auto correlation properties. In a time-dispersive channel, the sequences with different circular time shifts can be uniquely identified as long as their minimum separation in time is greater than the channelpsilas maximum delay spread. In this paper, we extend this approach further to the Doppler domain by introducing an additional circular frequency offset to the delay shifted sequences. When the base sequence is carefully designed through applying some delay-Doppler radar signal design principles, the results of this two-dimensional generalization are a much larger set of sequences with better correlation properties than some existing designs. Moreover, the new design is also suitable in channels that are both time and frequency selective as long as the minimum Doppler separation of the sequences is greater than the channelpsilas maximum Doppler spread. The detection of the sequences essentially consists of correlating the received signal with all valid hypotheses, and can be carried out efficiently if the base sequence is properly designed. Simulation results show that given a sequence length that is large enough, exact number of multiple devices can be accurately detected in very challenging conditions with a single threshold test.
Biological Control of Aflatoxin and Cyclopiazonic Acid Contamination of Peanuts (1999)

Aflatoxin contamination of peanuts, which results from infection and growth by Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus, is a serious economic problem in developed countries and a potentially serious human and animal health problem in developing countries. Cyclopiazonic acid is another mycotoxin produced by A, flavus that has been found as a contaminant of peanuts. A biological control strategy has been developed for reducing contamination of peanuts by these toxins. In involves inoculation of fields with competitive, non-toxigenic strains of the same fungi. The methodology has been tested for several years and has produced reductions in aflatoxin ranging from 30 to 90%. Field studies conducted in 1997 yielded an aflatoxin reduction of 91.6% and a reduction in cyclopiazonic acid contamination of 85.7%.
Highly Stable, Ultrasmall Polymer-Grafted Nanobins (usPGNs) with Stimuli-Responsive Capability (2018)

Highly stable and stimuli/pH-responsive ultrasmall polymer-grafted nanobins (usPGNs) have been developed by grafting a small amount (10 mol %) of short (4.3 kDa) cholesterol-terminated poly(acrylic acid) (Chol-PAA) into an ultrasmall unilamellar vesicle (uSUV). The usPGNs are stable against fusion and aggregation over several weeks, exhibiting over 10-fold enhanced cargo retention in biologically relevant media at pH 7.4 in comparison with the parent uSUV template. Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations confirm that the presence of the cholesterol moiety can greatly stabilize the lipid bilayer. They also show extended PAA chain conformations that can be interpreted as causing repulsion between colloidal particles, thus stabilizing them against fusion. Notably, CGMD predicted a clustering of the Chol-PAA chains on the lipid bilayer under acidic conditions due to intra- and interchain hydrogen bonding, leading to the destabilization of local membrane areas. This explains the experimental observation that usPGNs can be triggered to release a significant amount of cargo upon acidification to pH 5. These developments put the lipid-bilayer-embedded Chol-PAA in stark contrast with traditional poly(acrylic acid) systems where the molar mass (M<sub>n</sub>) of the polymer chains must exceed 16.5 kDa to achieve stimuli-responsive changes in conformation. They also distinguish the small usPGNs from the much-larger polymer-caged nanobin platform where the Chol-PAA chains must be covalently cross-linked to engender stimuli-responsive behaviors.
Biochemical and phylogenetic analyses of methionyl‐tRNA synthetase isolated from a pathogenic microorganism, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (1998)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis methionyl-tRNA synthetase (MetRS) has been cloned and characterized. The protein contains class I signature sequences but lacks the Zn2+ binding motif and the C-terminal dimerization appendix that are found in MetRSs from several organisms including E. coli MetRS. Consistent with these features, the enzyme behaved as a monomer in a gel filtration chromatography and did not contain the bound Zn2+. Nonetheless, it was active to the tRNAMet of E. coli as determined by in vivo genetic complementation and in vitro reaction. Phylogenetic analysis separated the M. tuberculosis and E. coli MetRSs into prokaryote and eukaryote-archaea group, respectively. This result is consistent with the taxonomic locations of the organism but is an interesting contrast to the case of its paralogous protein, isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase, and suggests that the two enzymes evolved in separate idiosyncratic pathways.
Phase-contrast microscopy at high x-ray energy with a laboratory setup (2014)

We report on the design and realization of an x-ray imaging system for quantitative phase-contrast microscopy at high x-ray energy with laboratory-scale instrumentation. Phase and amplitude were separated quantitatively at x-ray energies up to 80 keV with micrometric spatial resolution. The accuracy of the results was tested against numerical simulations, and the spatial resolution was experimentally quantified by measuring a Siemens star phase object. This simple setup should find broad application in those areas of x-ray imaging where high energy and spatial resolution are simultaneously required and in those difficult cases where the sample contains materials with similar x-ray absorption.
DSP assisted low cost IQ mismatch measurement and compensation using built in power detector (2010)

This paper proposes a cost/time efficient accurate DSP based measurement and compensation methodology for I/Q imperfections in quadrature transceivers through phase-to-amplitude conversion using no hardware overhead. The proposed one-shot technique utilizes equation based optimum test stimulus estimation and power detection mechanisms. Circuit simulations presented show that both gain and phase mismatch can be measured with high accuracy. Hardware validation of the methodology provide for impairment estimation accuracy of within 0.5% for gain and 4.5% for phase.
Monitoring pulse and respiration with a non-invasive hydraulic bed sensor (2010)

A hydraulic bed sensor has been developed to non-invasively monitor pulse and respiration during sleep. This sensor is designed for in-home use, to be part of an integrated sensor network for the early detection of illness and functional decline in elderly adults. Experience with another bed sensor has motivated a desire to acquire enhanced, quantitative data related to pulse and respiration. This paper describes a working prototype, the signal processing methods used to extract data from the constructed transducer, and results from preliminary testing.
MM-wave wireless access technology for the wideband wireless local loop applications (2002)

We describe and demonstrate a wideband wireless local loop (W-WLL) testbed concept based on local multipoint distribution services (LMDS) millimeter wireless technology but with a modified access and backbone architecture. The testbed is intended as a demonstration platform for broadband wireless services particularly for high speed internet and shared multimedia applications. The investigation is focused on the radio link design, network architecture, system integration, and compatible interface to the existing ATM fiber and satellite core networks.
Ultrahigh modulus polyethylene. II. Effect of drawing temperature on void formation and modulus (1979)

Abstract The maximum degree of molecular orientation and deformation obtained by ultradrawing of high‐density polyethylene in air is limited by formation of internal voids (both longitudinal separation of fibrils and perpendicular cracking), and thus values of Young's moduli which are achievable by ultradrawing techniques are also limited to values much below the theoretical limit for fully extended chains. Temperature has a significant effect on the critical draw ratios at which intensive void formation begins, and also on the draw ratio at which failure occurs during the ultradrawing. The temperature effect is observed only for high‐density polyethylene having a wide molecular‐weight distribution, and which can be drawn at higher temperatures (30–40°C below its melting point), e.g., Dow Chemical polyethylene LP51.1. As a result of ultradrawing at higher temperatures, transparent, ultrahigh modulus samples having draw ratios of order of 40 have been obtained. The higher drawing temperatures significantly reduce fibril separation, and perpendicular cracking is shifted toward higher draw ratios. Hence, with LP51.1 the highest Young's moduli (65–70 GPa) have been exhibited by the samples which were ultradrawn at 100–105°C.
Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ)-a new method for speech quality assessment of telephone networks and codecs (2002)

Previous objective speech quality assessment models, such as bark spectral distortion (BSD), the perceptual speech quality measure (PSQM), and measuring normalizing blocks (MNB), have been found to be suitable for assessing only a limited range of distortions. A new model has therefore been developed for use across a wider range of network conditions, including analogue connections, codecs, packet loss and variable delay. Known as perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ), it is the result of integration of the perceptual analysis measurement system (PAMS) and PSQM99, an enhanced version of PSQM. PESQ is expected to become a new ITU-T recommendation P.862, replacing P.861 which specified PSQM and MNB.
Novel Drug Metabolism Indices for Pharmacogenetic Functional Status Based on Combinatory Genotyping of <i>CYP2C9</i> , <i>CYP2C19</i> and <i>CYP2D6</i> Genes (2011)

We believe that this combinatory approach represents an improvement over the current gene-by-gene reporting by providing greater scope while still allowing for the resolution of a single-gene index when needed. This method will result in novel clinical and research applications, facilitating the translation from pharmacogenomics to personalized medicine, particularly in psychiatry where many drugs are metabolized or activated by multiple CYP450 isoenzymes.
A spatiotemporal finite element mesh model of cyclical deforming motion and its application in myocardial motion analysis using phase contrast MR images (2002)

Presents a method for nonrigid cyclic motion analysis using a series of velocity images, acquired for example, from phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging. The method is based on fitting a global spatiotemporal finite element mesh model, which has controllable builtin spatial/temporal smoothing that is determined by the finesse of the initially defined mesh and richness of included Fourier harmonics, to velocity samples of an extended region at all time frames. If desired, the method can further provide a prediction of the analysis reproducibility along with the estimated motion and deformation quantities. Experiments have been conducted to validate the method and verify the reproducibility prediction.
T<sub>1</sub>‐corrected quantitative chemical shift‐encoded MRI (2019)

Joint-fit VFA-CSE-MRI is feasible for T<sub>1</sub> -corrected PDFF quantification in liver, is insensitive to B<sub>1</sub> inhomogeneities, and can eliminate T<sub>1</sub> bias, but with only marginal SNR advantage for T<sub>1</sub> values observed in the liver.
Strategies for Functional Validation of Genes Involved in Reproductive Stages of Orchids (2006)

Plants in the largest family of angiosperms, Orchidaceae, are diverse in both specialized pollination and ecological strategies and provide a rich source for investigating evolutionary relationships and developmental biology. However, studies in orchids have been hindered by several challenges that include low transformation efficiency and long regeneration time. To overcome such obstacles, we selected a symptomless cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) isolate for constructing virus-induced gene-silencing vectors. The feasibility of the virus vectors was first assessed with use of an orchid phytoene desaturase gene. The vector was able to induce gene silencing in orchids; however, because of the slow growth of orchids, the commonly used phytoene desaturase gene was not a good visual marker in orchids. We inserted a 150-nucleotide unique region of a B-class MADS-box family gene, PeMADS6, into pCymMV-pro60. The transcription level of PeMADS6 in inoculated Phalaenopsis plants was reduced by up to 73%, but no effect was observed for other MADS-box family genes. In contrast, in Phalaenopsis plants inoculated with CymMV transcripts containing 500 nucleotides of PeMADS6, a conserved region among MADS-box genes, the transcription level of PeMADS6 and the B- and C-class MADS-box genes was reduced by up to 97.8% as compared with plants inoculated with the vector alone. Flower morphology was affected in the MADS-box family gene-silenced plants as well. This in vivo experiment demonstrates an efficient way to study genes involved in the reproductive stage of plants with a long life cycle.
Identifying mosquito species using smart-phone cameras (2017)

Mosquito borne diseases have been amongst the most important healthcare concerns since time. An important component in combating the spread of infections in any geographic region of interest has been to identify the type of species that are prevalent in that region. As of today, dedicated personnel are assigned in most (if not all nations) to trap samples and identify them. Unfortunately, the process of identifying the actual species of mosquito is currently a manual process requiring highly trained personnel to visually inspect each specimen one by one under a microscope to make the identification. In this paper, we propose a system to automate this process. Specifically, we demonstrate results of an experiment we conducted where learning algorithms were designed to process images of captured mosquito samples taken via a smart-phone camera in order to identify the actual species. Using a total sample size of 60 images that included 7 species collected by the Hillsborough County Mosquito and Aquatic Weed Control Unit (in the city of Tampa) our proposed technique using Random Forests achieved an overall accuracy of 83:3% in correctly identifying the species of mosquito with good precision and recall. While our proposed technique will greatly benefit the state-of-the-art in species identification, we also believe that common citizens can also use our proposed system to improve existing mosquito control programs across the globe.
Wide-area content-based routing mechanism (2004)

Content networking is an emerging technology, where the requests for content are steered by content routers that examine not only the destinations but also content descriptors such as URL and cookies. In the current deployments of content networking, content routing is mostly confined to selecting the most appropriate back-end server in virtualized Web server clusters. In this paper, we present an architecture for wide-area content routing. The architecture is based on tagging the requests at ingress points. The tags are designed to incorporate several different attributes of the content in the routing process. Simulations are carried out to compare the performance of the proposed scheme with a DNS-based content access scheme.
Nonlinear metasurfaces: a paradigm shift in nonlinear optics (2017)

Frequency conversion processes, such as second- and third-harmonic generation, are commonly realized in nonlinear optics, offering opportunities for applications in photonics, chemistry, material science and biosensing. Given the inherently weak nonlinear response of natural materials, optically large samples and complex phase-matching techniques are typically required to realize significant nonlinear responses. To produce similar effects in much smaller volumes, current research has been devoted to the quest of synthesizing novel materials with enhanced optical nonlinearities at moderate input intensities. In particular, several approaches to engineer the nonlinear properties of artificial materials, metamaterials and metasurfaces have been introduced. Here, we review the current state of the art in the field of small-scale nonlinear optics, with special emphasis on high-harmonic generation from ultrathin metasurfaces based on plasmonic and high-index dielectric resonators, as well as semiconductor-loaded plasmonic metasurfaces. In this context, we also discuss recent advances in controlling the optical wavefront of generated nonlinear waves using metasurfaces. Finally, we compare viable approaches to enhance nonlinearities in ultrathin metasurfaces, and we offer an outlook on the future development of this exciting field of research.
Techniques for directly measuring the absorbance of photoresists at EUV wavelengths (2004)

Absorbance is a key characteristic of photoresists that can limit resolution, wall angle, and practical resist film thicknesses. Currently, however, there is limited data for absorbance of resists at EUV (13.5 nm) wavelengths. The most common way of estimating the absorbance of materials at EUV wavelengths is to use an experimentally measured value of density along with stoichiometric chemical information of the material in a theoretical calculation such as that available through the Center for X-Ray Optics at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory website.1 However, there is limited validation of these estimates for photoresists. The paper will compare calculations using density measurements of EUV-2D by a variety of methods: traditional weight measurements and Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) to determine density; and against grazing incidence and normal incidence reflectivity measurements to determine absorbance directly. It will be shown that inaccurate density measurements can result in 10% or greater absorbance estimates from the calculations. Based on the results, recommendations will be made for measurement techniques and accurate density based calculations of photoresist absorbance.
Demystifying data deduplication (2008)

Effectiveness and tradeoffs of deduplication technologies are not well understood -- vendors tout Deduplication as a "silver bullet" that can help any enterprise optimize its deployed storage capacity. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive taxonomy and experimental evaluation using real-world data. While the rate of change of data on a day-to-day basis has the greatest influence on the duplication in backup data, we investigate the duplication inherent in this data, independent of rate of change of data or backup schedule or backup algorithm used. Our experimental results show that between different deduplication techniques the space savings varies by about 30%, the CPU usage differs by almost 6 times and the time to reconstruct a deduplicated file can vary by more than 15 times.
Identifying architecturally significant functional requirements (2015)

Failure to identify and analyze architecturally significant functional and non-functional requirements (NFRs) early on in the life cycle of a project can result in costly rework in later stages of software development. While NFRs indicate an explicit architectural impact, the impact that functional requirements may have on architecture is often implicit. The skills needed for capturing functional requirements are different than those needed for making architectural decisions. As a result, these two activities are often conducted by different teams in a project. Therefore it becomes necessary to integrate the knowledge gathered by people with different expertise to make informed architectural decisions. We present a study to bring out that functional requirements often have implicit architectural impact and do not always contain comprehensive information to aid architectural decisions. Further, we present our initial work on automating the identification of architecturally significant functional requirements from requirements documents and their classification into categories based on the different kinds of architectural impact they can have. We believe this to be a crucial precursor for recommending specific design decisions. We envisage ArcheR, a tool that (a) automates the identification of architecturally significant functional requirements from requirement specification documents, (b) classify them into categories based on the different kinds of architectural impact they can have, (c) recommend probing questions the business analyst should ask in order to produce a more complete requirements specification, and (d) recommend possible architectural solutions in response to the architectural impact.
ChemInform Abstract: General Catalyst Control of the Monoisomerization of 1‐Alkenes to trans‐2‐Alkenes. (2014)

Abstract A general method for the highly regioselective isomerization of the title compounds by an in‐situ formed Ru‐catalyst is described.
Sb-based heterostructure backward diodes with improved sensitivity (2004)

In this paper, a promising alternative to these devices is the heterostructure backward diode based on the InAs/AlSb/GaSb material system. We have achieved record measured sensitivities through W-band, with an average zero-bias sensitivity of 3513 V/W and a biased sensitivity of 8124 V/W over the range of 1 to 70 GHz when driven from a 50 /spl Omega/ source. The 3 dB bandwidth has been measured to be greater than 110 GHz; a projected bandwidth of 143 GHz has been determined based on an equivalent circuit derived from measured s-parameters.
Two degrees-of-freedom Lloyd–mirror interferometer for superior pattern coverage area (2011)

In this study, we have developed a tunable Lloyd-mirror interferometer with two degrees of freedom, in contrast to a traditional system with one degree of freedom. This new Lloyd-mirror interferometer allows an angular rotation of the mirror independently from that of a sample stage, resulting in an increased pattern coverage area with tunable pattern periodicity. Both theoretical and experimental results verify that the tunable characteristic of the modified configuration enhances the nanopatterning capabilities of the Lloyd-mirror interference lithography system especially in achieving greater pattern coverage area for larger pattern periodicities.
Measurement of Small Dense Low-density Lipoprotein Particles (2005)

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) particles are heterogeneous with respect to their size, density and lipid composition. Among LDL particles, the smaller and denser LDL particles [small dense (sd) LDL] are more atherogenic and the sd LDL phenotype is strongly associated with development of coronary heart disease. Here we will review various methods for measurement of sd LDL. Although ultracentrifugation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and gradient-gel electrophoresis (GGE) are usually employed for the measurement of sd LDL, such methods are either too laborious or expensive for general clinical use. We recently established a simple precipitation method for the quantification of sd LDL. This method is applicable to routine clinical use and allows the rapid measurement of a large number of samples.