gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virus‐Mimicking Cell Membrane‐Coated Nanoparticles for Cytosolic Delivery of mRNA (2021)

Abstract Effective endosomal escape after cellular uptake represents a major challenge in the field of nanodelivery, as the majority of drug payloads must localize to subcellular compartments other than the endosomes in order to exert activity. In nature, viruses can readily deliver their genetic material to the cytosol of host cells by triggering membrane fusion after endocytosis. For the influenza A virus, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein found on its surface fuses the viral envelope with the surrounding membrane at endosomal pH values. Biomimetic nanoparticles capable of endosomal escape were fabricated using a membrane coating derived from cells engineered to express HA on their surface. When evaluated in vitro, these virus‐mimicking nanoparticles were able to deliver an mRNA payload to the cytosolic compartment of target cells, resulting in the successful expression of the encoded protein. When the mRNA‐loaded nanoparticles were administered in vivo, protein expression levels were significantly increased in both local and systemic delivery scenarios. We therefore conclude that utilizing genetic engineering approaches to express viral fusion proteins on the surface of cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles is a viable strategy for modulating the intracellular localization of encapsulated cargoes.
Wavefield Reconstruction Using a Whole Space Green’s Function Framework (2017)

Summary A whole-space Green’s function framework for the representation of the acoustic wavefield is obtained from the Helmholtz wave equation. Under this framework, the wavefield is represented by a distribution of point-sources in space and time, each corresponding to an elementary spherical wavefront. Intuition suggests the number of equivalent point sources actually required to represent the wavefield of interest might be small compared to the total number of speculative locations. Consequently, in spite of the problem’s innate ill conditioned nature, a satisfying solution can still be obtained by means of sparsity promotion. When a solution is reached, the wavefield can be reconstructed at new or existing locations by utilizing the framework in a forward modelling sense.
One-pot electrodeposition, characterization and photoactivity of stoichiometric copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) thin films for solar cells (2010)

Herein we report the one-pot electrodeposition of copper indium gallium diselenide, CuIn(1-x)Ga(x)Se(2) (CIGS), thin films as the p-type semiconductor in an ionic liquid medium consisting of choline chloride/urea eutectic mixture known as Reline. The thin films were characterized by scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray analysis, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman microspectroscopy, and UV-visible spectroscopy. Based on the results of the characterizations, the electrochemical bath recipe was optimized to obtain stoichiometric CIGS films with x between 0.2 and 0.4. The chemical activity and photoreactivity of the optimized CIGS films were found to be uniform using scanning electrochemical microscopy and scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy. Low-cost stoichiometric CIGS thin films in one-pot were successfully fabricated.
A Common-Mode Architecture for a Digital Holographic Microscope (2016)

We present a new design of the digital holographic microscope which supports use in extreme environments without any sacrifice to performance. This design has many advantages including cost, size, intrinsic stability and robustness against misalignment.
Demonstration of electron beam focusing by a laser-plasma lens (2014)

Laser-plasma technology promises a drastic reduction of the size of high energy electron accelerators. It could make free electron lasers available to a broad scientific community, and push further the limits of electron accelerators for high energy physics. Furthermore the unique femtosecond nature of the source makes it a promising tool for the study of ultra-fast phenomena. However, applications are hindered by the lack of suitable lens to transport this kind of high-current electron beams, mainly due to their divergence. Here we show that this issue can be solved by using a laser-plasma lens, in which the field gradients are five order of magnitude larger than in conventional optics. We demonstrate a reduction of the divergence by nearly a factor of three, which should allow for an efficient coupling of the beam with a conventional beam transport line.
Correction to Phenyl Ether- and Aniline-Containing 2-Aminoquinolines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Phenyl Ether- and Aniline-Containing 2-Aminoquinolines as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Neuronal Nitric Oxide SynthaseMaris A. Cinelli, Huiying Li, Anthony V. Pensa, Soosung Kang, Linda J. Roman, Pavel Martásek, Thomas L. Poulos*, and Richard B. Silverman*Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2016, 59, 3, 1246Publication Date (Web):January 25, 2016Publication History Published online25 January 2016Published inissue 11 February 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00036https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00036correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views776Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (112 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gas separations in metal-organic frameworks (2015)

Owing to their high surface areas, tunable pore dimensions, and adjustable surface functionality, metal-org. frameworks (MOFs) can offer advantages for a variety of gas storage and gas sepn. applications. In an effort to help curb greenhouse gas emissions from power plants, we are developing new MOFs for use as solid adsorbents in post- and pre-combustion CO2 capture, and for the sepn. of O2 from air, as required for oxy-fuel combustion. In particular, MOFs with open metal cation sites or alkylamine-functionalized surfaces are demonstrated to provide high selectivities and working capacities for the adsorption of CO2 over N2 under dry flue gas conditions. Breakthrough measurements further show compds. of the latter type to be effective in the presence of water, while calorimetry data reveal a low regeneration energy compared to aq. amine solns. MOFs with open metal cation sites, such as Mg2(dobdc) (dobdc4- = 2, 5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate), are highly effective in the removal of CO2 under conditions relevant to H2 prodn., including in the presence of CH4 impurities. Redox-active Fe2+ sites in the isostructural compd. Fe2(dobdc) allow the selective adsorption of O2 over N2 via an electron transfer mechanism. The same material is demonstrated to be effective at 45 ° C for the fractionation of mixts. of C1 and C2 hydrocarbons, and for the high-purity sepn. of ethylene/ethane, propylene/propane, and CO/H2 mixts. Finally, it will be shown that certain structural features possible within MOFs, but not in zeolites, can enable the fractionation of hexane isomers according to the degree of branching or octane no.
A multiple-sequence generator based on inverted nonlinear autonomous machines (1996)

A new multiple-sequence generator scheme to generate a set of deterministic ordered sequence of patterns followed by random patterns is presented in this paper. This scheme is based on an inverted nonlinear autonomous machine which utilizes a two-dimension-like LFSR with nonlinear inverters. A systematic procedure is also presented to obtain the autonomous machine which is more regular in the structure and utilizes less hardware. The generated deterministic sequence of patterns, which may have ordered and repeated patterns, and the random patterns are applicable to sequential circuit testing.
Digital Communication Using Chaotic Pulse Generators (1999)

Utilization of chaotic signals for covert communications remains a very promising practical application. Multiple studies indicated that the major shortcoming of recently proposed chaos-based communication schemes is their susceptibility to noise and distortions in communication channels. In this talk we discuss a new approach to communication with chaotic signals, which demonstrates good performance in the presence of channel distortions. This communication scheme is based upon chaotic signals in the form of pulse trains where intervals between the pulses are determined by chaotic dynamics of a pulse generator. The pulse train with chaotic interpulse intervals is used as a carrier. Binary information is modulated onto this carrier by the pulse position modulation method, such that each pulse is either left unchanged or delayed by a certain time, depending on whether ``0'' or ``1'' is transmitted. By synchronizing the receiver to the chaotic pulse train we can anticipate the timing of pulses corresponding to ``0'' and ``1'' and thus can decode the transmitted information. Based on the results of theoretical and experimental studies we shall discuss the basic design principles for the chaotic pulse generator, its synchronization, and the performance of the chaotic pulse communication scheme in the presence of channel noise and filtering.
Echo-less photoconductive antenna sources for high-resolution terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (2016)

A novel terahertz photoconductive antenna that totally suppresses unwanted echoes is demonstrated. This is achieved with a buried metal plane placed below the surface antenna structure and active layer, realizing a sub-wavelength cavity.
Different specificities of platelet-associated and plasma autoantibodies to platelet GPIIb-IIIa in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (1992)

Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder due to antiplatelet autoantibodies, many of which are directed against platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb-IIIa or GPIb-IX. In a recent study, we described plasma autoantibodies from 13 selected ITP patients, which required the presence of the putative GPIIIa cytoplasmic region for antibody binding. Since this region may not be available for antibody binding under physiologic conditions, we evaluated the frequency of binding to this or other regions of GPIIb- IIIa by platelet-associated and plasma autoantibody from a group of chronic ITP patients. We studied platelet-associated autoantibodies in 27 patients and plasma antibodies in 21 patients; in 15 patients, both were studied. To determine if autoantibodies were directed to the cytoplasmic portion of GPIIIa or to another portion of the GPIIb-IIIa molecule, antibody eluted from patient platelets or plasma antibody was tested in an antigen capture assay for binding to GPIIb-IIIa obtained from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with GPIIb and either intact GPIIIa or GPIIIa lacking the carboxy terminal 35 residues. Of the 21 plasma autoantibodies tested, 13 bound primarily to the carboxy terminus of GPIIIa and eight to other epitopes. Conversely, all 26 platelet-associated autoantibodies, including eight of the 13 with anti-carboxy terminus antibodies, bound to epitopes in other regions of GPIIb-IIIa. Comparison of the degree of antibody adsorption by intact or lysed platelets indicated that epitopes on the c-terminal region of GPIIIa are relatively inaccessible on the surface of intact washed platelets when compared with other epitopes. We conclude that the importance of plasma autoantibodies in chronic ITP patients should be interpreted cautiously, since their specificity may differ from that of antibodies bound to the platelet. Whether antibodies against the c- terminus of GPIIIa are of pathogenetic importance remains to be determined, although patients with these antibodies have particularly severe disease.
Distinguishability in impedance imaging (1992)

Impedance imaging systems apply currents to the surface of a body, measure the induced voltages on the surface, and from this information, reconstruct an approximation to the electrical conductivity in the interior. This paper gives a detailed discussion of several ways to measure the ability of such a system to distinguish between two different conductivity distributions. The subtle differences between these related measures are discussed, and examples are provided to show that these different measures can give rise to different answers to various practical questions about system design.
Adolescent' ability to correctly identify foods up to fourteen hours postprandial when prompted with an image of a meal (2009)

Mobile telephones are widely used throughout the world and can provide a unique mechanism for collecting dietary information that reduces burden on record keepers. Our belief is that allowing the user to interact with the mobile phone Food Record (mpFR) after the eating occasion removes one layer of burden while maintaining accuracy for nutrient analysis. The purpose of this study is to investigate adolescents' ability to correctly identify foods up to fourteen hours postprandial when prompted with an image of their meals. Fifteen adolescents (ages 11‐18 y) were provided lunch and dinner meals. The participants were asked to identify each food (fifteen foods total) in the image up to fourteen hours after the respective meal. One hundred percent of participants exactly identified five of the fifteen foods, i.e., milk, spaghetti, peaches, ketchup, and french fries. The other foods were identified within their same respective major food groups. For example, 80% of participants identified lettuce as salad and 33% labeled Coke as soda, pop, or cola. Further probing programmed into the mpFR would lead to an accurate identification of these food items. The results provide evidence that it is feasible to delay user interaction with the mpFR and still obtain accurate food identification. Grant Funding Source NIH‐NIDDK & NCI
Effect of humic acids on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction model to induce intestinal permeability in broiler chickens (2018)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of humic acids (HA) on intestinal viscosity, leaky gut and ammonia excretion in a 24 hr feed restriction (FR) model to induce intestinal permeability in chickens. One-day-old male Cobb-Vantress broilers were randomly allocated to one of two groups (n = 25 chickens), with or without 0.2% of isolated HA from worm-compost, and placed in brooder batteries. Chicks had ad libitum access to water and feed for 14 days. Intestinal permeability was induced by 24 hr FR starting at 14 days. At 15 days of age, chickens in both groups were given an appropriate dose of fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-d) by oral gavage. Intestine and liver samples were also collected to evaluate viscosity and bacterial translocation (BT), respectively. An increase (p < .05) in intestinal viscosity was observed in the experimental group consuming 0.2% of HA and was confirmed in a published in vitro digestion model that simulates the chemical and physical conditions of the crop, proventriculus and intestine of chickens. Furthermore, the treated group also showed a significant reduction in FITC-d, liver BT and ammonia in the manure. These results suggest that HA have a positive impact in intestinal integrity in chickens.
<title>Large-scale rapid-access holographic memory</title> (1995)

We describe a page-formatted random-access holographic memory capable of storing up to 160,000 holograms. A segmented mirror array allows a 2D angle scanner to provide access to any of the stored holograms. High-speed random access can be achieved with a nonmechanical angle scanner. We demonstrate holographic storage and high-speed retrieval using an acousto- optic deflector.
Macular Thickness Measurements in Normal Eyes Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2008)

Using HD-OCT, it is possible to acquire retinal data sets containing an unprecedented number of data points. Furthermore, it is possible to use OCT fundus images to evaluate the scan quality and to center the measurement at the fovea. These advantages, together with good automated segmentation, can produce more accurate retinal thickness measurements. Incorporation of the photoreceptor layer in the measurements is anatomically meaningful and may be significant in evaluating various retinal pathologies and visual acuity outcomes.
Potential Profile Measurement and Mechanism Analysis of an Electrostatic Latent Image by Detecting Primary Electrons (2013)

A new method that makes possible a potential profile measurement of an electrostatic latent image is proposed. When the surface potential is greater than the acceleration voltage of the primary electron, the velocity becomes zero before the electron hits the sample. As a result, the primary electron reaches a detector without reaching the sample. The surface potential profile can be measured by detecting primary electrons while changing the applied voltage to the substrate of a photoconductor. The significant feature of this method is that the charging, exposure, and detection devices are all incorporated in the same system, making real-time measurement possible. In order to confirm the phenomenon of reciprocity law failure, the potential depth of the latent image was measured by changing the delay time when double-pulse exposure was carried out. As a result, the latent image potential tends to be formed deeper as the delay time becomes longer. The developed Electrostatic Latent Image Measuring System (ELIMS) has good performance with a measurement potential resolution of 2 V.
Adaptive Immune Responses of Patients with Asthma to the Attachment (G) Glycoprotein of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (2001)

A history of acute bronchiolitis in infancy caused by respiratory syncytial virus is a risk factor for recurrent wheezing in early childhood. Because the attachment (G) protein sensitizes mice for pulmonary eosinophilia and because Th2 cells are central in the pathogenesis of asthma, plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from donors with asthma and from healthy donors were evaluated for anti-G protein responses. A significant trend connecting severity of asthma with anti-G protein IgG1 and IgG2 titers was observed. The correlation between anti-F protein IgG3 titers and asthma severity approached significance. Peptide mapping studies revealed that more positive recall responses (interferon-gamma and interleukin-10 secretion) occurred after PBMC from donors with asthma were stimulated with peptides representing the nonglycosylated domain of G protein. The same peptides elicited more positive recall responses (proliferation and interferon-gamma secretion) in the PBMC of healthy donors. These data suggest that a mechanism may exist whereby adaptive immune responses against G protein contribute to wheezing.
Decentralized optimal dispatch of photovoltaic inverters in residential distribution systems (2015)

Summary form only given. Decentralized methods for computing optimal real and reactive power setpoints for residential photovoltaic (PV) inverters are developed in this paper. It is known that conventional PV inverter controllers, which are designed to extract maximum power at unity power factor, cannot address secondary performance objectives such as voltage regulation and network loss minimization. Optimal power flow techniques can be utilized to select which inverters will provide ancillary services, and to compute their optimal real and reactive power setpoints according to well-defined performance criteria and economic objectives. Leveraging advances in sparsity-promoting regularization techniques and semidefinite relaxation, this paper shows how such problems can be solved with reduced computational burden and optimality guarantees. To enable large-scale implementation, a novel algorithmic framework is introduced - based on the so-called alternating direction method of multipliers - by which optimal power flow-type problems in this setting can be systematically decomposed into sub-problems that can be solved in a decentralized fashion by the utility and customer-owned PV systems with limited exchanges of information. Since the computational burden is shared among multiple devices and the requirement of all-to-all communication can be circumvented, the proposed optimization approach scales favorably to large distribution networks.
Pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with optimized tagging efficiency (2012)

The adiabatic inversion of blood in pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) is highly sensitive to off-resonance effects and gradient imperfections and this sensitivity can lead to tagging efficiency loss and unpredictable variations in cerebral blood flow estimates. This efficiency loss is caused by a phase tracking error between the RF pulses and the flowing spins. This article introduces a new method, referred to as Optimized PCASL (OptPCASL), that minimizes the phase tracking error by applying an additional compensation RF phase term and in-plane gradients to the PCASL pulse train. The optimal RF phase and gradient amplitudes are determined using a prescan procedure, which consists of a series of short scans interleaved with automated postprocessing routines integrated to the scanner console. The prescan procedure is shown to minimize the phase tracking error in a robust and time efficient manner. As an example of its application, the use of OptPCASL for the improved detection of functional activation in the visual cortex is demonstrated and temporal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), image SNR, and baseline cerebral blood flow measures are compared to those acquired from conventional PCASL.