gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Flight Planning and the Benefit of In-Flight Aircraft Trajectory Optimization (2021)

The implementation of Trajectory-Based Operations, invented by the Single European Sky Air Traffic Management Research program SESAR, enables airlines to fly along optimized waypoint-less trajectories and accordingly to significantly increase the sustainability of the air transport system in a business with increasing environmental awareness. However, unsteady weather conditions and uncertain weather forecasts might induce the necessity to re-optimize the trajectory during the flight. By considering a re-optimization of the trajectory during the flight they further support air traffic control towards achieving precise air traffic flow management and, in consequence, an increase in airspace and airport capacity. However, the re-optimization leads to an increase in the operator and controller’s task loads which must be balanced with the benefit of the re-optimization. From this follows that operators need a decision support under which circumstances and how often a trajectory re-optimization should be carried out. Local numerical weather service providers issue hourly weather forecasts for the coming hour. Such weather data sets covering three months were used to re-optimize a daily A320 flight from Seattle to New York every hour and to calculate the effects of this re-optimization on fuel consumption and deviation from the filed path. Therefore, a simulation-based trajectory optimization tool was used. Fuel savings between 0.5% and 7% per flight were achieved despite minor differences in wind speed between two consecutive weather forecasts in the order of 0.5 m s−1. The calculated lateral deviations from the filed path within 1 nautical mile were always very small. Thus, the method could be easily implemented in current flight operations. The developed performance indicators could help operators to evaluate the re-optimization and to initiate its activation as a new flight plan accordingly.
A loan application fraud detection method based on knowledge graph and neural network (2018)

Dianrong, a tech-driven internet finance company, provides loans to a large number of people and small business users. The ability to predict fraud from loan applications is key to the company's business. Based on published literature on fraud detection techniques, features have to be extracted manually for further rule design or machine learning. But as fraudulent behaviors change over time to avoid detection, simple features or rules become obsolete quickly. Normally, we have to extract hundreds of features, which is a time and resource consuming process. This paper proposes a new way to extract features automatically from a borrower's phone network graph using neural networks, which not only overcomes the above issue, but also captures features that are hard to fake. This method has yielded strong results in reality.
Antifouling Ultrafiltration Membranes via Post-Fabrication Grafting of Biocidal Nanomaterials (2011)

Ultrafiltration (UF) membranes perform critical pre-treatment functions in advanced water treatment processes. In operational systems, however, biofouling decreases membrane performance and increases the frequency and cost of chemical cleaning. The present work demonstrates a novel technique for covalently or ionically tethering antimicrobial nanoparticles to the surface of UF membranes. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) encapsulated in positively charged polyethyleneimine (PEI) were reacted with an oxygen plasma modified polysulfone UF membrane with and without 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) present. The nucleophilic primary amines of the PEI react with the electrophilic carboxyl groups on the UF membrane surface to form electrostatic and covalent bonds. The irreversible modification process imparts significant antimicrobial activity to the membrane surface. Post-synthesis functionalization methods, such as the one presented here, maximize the density of nanomaterials at the membrane surface and may provide a more efficient route for fabricating diverse array of reactive nanocomposite membranes.
GC/MS Analysis of Fatty Acids on <i>Pliek U</i> Oil and Its Pharmacological Study by Molecular Docking to Filaggrin as a Drug Candidate in Atopic Dermatitis Treatment (2019)

Analysis of fatty acid contents and pharmacological properties of <i>Pliek U</i> oil was performed. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and pharmacological properties based on its potential on filament-aggregating protein (filaggrin) were studied with bioinformatics approach by the reverse docking technique using palmitic acid as a control compound. Two <i>Pliek U</i> extracts, namely, <i>Pliek U</i> oil (PUO) and ethanolic <i>Pliek U</i> oil extract (EPUOE), were prepared. The GC-MS results revealed that lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and oleic acid are the predominant fatty acids, with lauric acid being the abundant one in all <i>Pliek U</i> oil extracts. The reverse docking technique results showed that oleic acid had the most stable interaction to filaggrin with the lowest binding affinity (-6.1 kcal/mol). Oleic acid and palmitic acid have one same side binding to filaggrin on amino acid LEU D75. These findings indicated that oleic acid has the best potential to be used as a drug candidate in atopic dermatitis treatment.
C60 sensitization of a photorefractive polymer (1992)

The fullerene molecule C60 is shown to act as a useful sensitizer of a recently discovered photorefractive polymer. Measurements of the steady-state diffraction efficiency, grating growth rate, and other photorefractive properties are presented as a function of C60 concentration, writing intensity, and applied electric field. The dc photoconductivity, grating growth rate, and steady-state diffraction efficiency all increase by as much as a factor of 20 upon doping with up to 0.2 wt % C60. The sensitization appears to result from a small increase in the carrier generation efficiency and a larger increase in the useful optical absorption at the operating wavelength, 647 nm.
An online cross view difference and behavior based kernel rootkit detector (2011)

Kernel level rootkits pose a serious threat today as they not only mask the presence of themselves but also mask the malware that comes attached with them. Rootkits achieve such stealthy behavior by manipulating the control flow of system calls by hooks and kernel objects, viz., driver and process list directly. Existing Antiviruses that rely on signature based techniques for detection of malwares are effective only against known rootkits. However, as hackers change coding style of rootkits, Antiviruses fail to detect them and rootkits and their malicious activities are hidden from the view of the administrator. Thus, all data on the compromised system becomes vulnerable to theft and all services running on it can be misused by the remote attacker without even the slightest chance of being discovered. Other rootkit detection techniques such as integrity checking, alternate trusted medium, and memory dumping require frequent offline analysis and fail to unload or block the rootkit. This paper addresses, these challenges and proposes an online cross view difference and behavior based kernel rootkit detector to overcome them. Our proposed solution Kernel Rootkit Trojan Detector (KeRTD) is a host-based and cross view difference-based solution that enables online analysis and aids detection of rootkit immediately. A simple view difference of snapshot of Task manager in user mode and KeRTD Process and Driver List helps the detection of hidden rootkits and other hidden malwares. All rootkits follow a generic pattern of infection such as installing kernel hooks and modification of kernel objects, etc. This very generic behavior of rootkit is exploited in KeRTD to detect and restore the kernel hooks, thus blocking them from further infection. Every file and memory accesses are verified against Access Control List to avoid subversion of KeRTD and operating system kernel. This proposal has been implemented on windows operating system and tested for various methods of attack by kernel rootkits. The results confirm the detection of the kernel rootkits.
Homologs of vertebrate Opn3 potentially serve as a light sensor in nonphotoreceptive tissue (2013)

Most opsins selectively bind 11-cis retinal as a chromophore to form a photosensitive pigment, which underlies various physiological functions, such as vision and circadian photoentrainment. Recently, opsin 3 (Opn3), originally called encephalopsin or panopsin, and its homologs were identified in various tissues including brain, eye, and liver in both vertebrates and invertebrates, including human. Because Opn3s are mainly expressed in tissues that are not considered to contain sufficient amounts of 11-cis retinal to form pigments, the photopigment formation ability of Opn3 has been of interest. Here, we report the successful expression of Opn3 homologs, pufferfish teleost multiple tissue opsin (PufTMT) and mosquito Opn3 (MosOpn3) and show that these proteins formed functional photopigments with 11-cis and 9-cis retinals. The PufTMT- and MosOpn3-based pigments have absorption maxima in the blue-to-green region and exhibit a bistable nature. These Opn3 homolog-based pigments activate Gi-type and Go-type G proteins light dependently, indicating that they potentially serve as light-sensitive Gi/Go-coupled receptors. We also demonstrated that mammalian cultured cells transfected with the MosOpn3 or PufTMT became light sensitive without the addition of 11-cis retinal and the photosensitivity retained after the continuous light exposure, showing a reusable pigment formation with retinal endogenously contained in culture medium. Interestingly, we found that the MosOpn3 also acts as a light sensor when constituted with 13-cis retinal, a ubiquitously present retinal isomer. Our findings suggest that homologs of vertebrate Opn3 might function as photoreceptors in various tissues; furthermore, these Opn3s, particularly the mosquito homolog, could provide a promising optogenetic tool for regulating cAMP-related G protein-coupled receptor signalings.
A 2D/3D matching based on a hybrid approach: improvement to the imaging flow for AVM radiosurgery (2005)

A new approach of registration in multimodal imaging has been developed. Modalities involved are Digital Subtracted Angiography (DSA, 2D) and Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA, 3D). Our approach is an hybrid one, mixing feature and intensity based approaches. This approach is based on the extraction of a anatomical referential common to both MRA and DSA. The results obtained prove the methods efficiency in a clinical context. This paper present the validation methodology to make it possible the replacement of the localization DSA examination by the diagnosis one, thus avoiding supplementary costs, lost time and medical hazards for the patient and for the medical staff.
GTRI reconfigurable aperture design (2003)

Researchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have been investigating a reconfigurable aperture concept by which the current distribution on an antenna can be controlled for the purpose of changing the aperture's function during operation. The geometry of the particular aperture being developed is shown. It consists of electrically small metallic pads connected by switches (FETs or MEMS) with a single feed point on the aperture. To illustrate the use of the switches to configure the aperture, certain switches are closed to form a bowtie pattern. GTRI anticipates that such an aperture will enable the following adaptations: (1) switching between broadband, low-gain operation and narrow-band, high-gain operation; (2) steering of the pattern from broadside; and (3) switching between omni-directional and directive horizontal patterns. This paper discusses the technical challenges in making this aperture a reality, how these challenges might be overcome, and the performance of the prototypes.
The Nutrient-Responsive Transcription Factor TFE3 Promotes Autophagy, Lysosomal Biogenesis, and Clearance of Cellular Debris (2014)

The discovery of a gene network regulating lysosomal biogenesis and its transcriptional regulator transcription factor EB (TFEB) revealed that cells monitor lysosomal function and respond to degradation requirements and environmental cues. We report the identification of transcription factor E3 (TFE3) as another regulator of lysosomal homeostasis that induced expression of genes encoding proteins involved in autophagy and lysosomal biogenesis in ARPE-19 cells in response to starvation and lysosomal stress. We found that in nutrient-replete cells, TFE3 was recruited to lysosomes through interaction with active Rag guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases) and exhibited mammalian (or mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1)-dependent phosphorylation. Phosphorylated TFE3 was retained in the cytosol through its interaction with the cytosolic chaperone 14-3-3. After starvation, TFE3 rapidly translocated to the nucleus and bound to the CLEAR elements present in the promoter region of many lysosomal genes, thereby inducing lysosomal biogenesis. Depletion of endogenous TFE3 entirely abolished the response of ARPE-19 cells to starvation, suggesting that TFE3 plays a critical role in nutrient sensing and regulation of energy metabolism. Furthermore, overexpression of TFE3 triggered lysosomal exocytosis and resulted in efficient cellular clearance in a cellular model of a lysosomal storage disorder, Pompe disease, thus identifying TFE3 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of lysosomal disorders.
Evaluation of the three-phase, electric arc melting furnace for treatment of simulated, thermally oxidized radioactive and mixed wastes (in two parts). 2. Description of waste mixtures and results of melting tests. Report of investigations/1996 (1996)

The U.S. Bureau of Mines successfully melted soil and mixtures of soil and simulated, thermally oxidized transuramic radionuclide-contaminated wastes from the Subsurface Disposal Area of the Radiation Waste Management Complex at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. The waste mixtures contained about 0.5 pct cerium oxide as a surrogate for transuranic radionuclide elements, and two of the mixtures contained additions of titanium and zirconium oxides to produce tailored glass-ceramic final waste forms. Over 52,000 lb of material were melted at feed rates up to 1,500 lb/h and with continuous tapping of slag to achieve volume reduction of about 55 pct. Product slag accounted for 83.5 pct of the total charge 2.4 pct reported to a metal ingot, 1.8 pct was recovered from the air pollution control system, and 12.3 pct was unrecovered, noncondensable gases for the shakedown plus 5-day continuous tests.
Demonstration of Ga<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> trench MOS-type Schottky barrier diodes (2017)

β-Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> is a suitable material for next-generation high-power devices because it has excellent material properties and mass productivity. In the past, we have demonstrated field-plated Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with nearly ideal reverse characteristics limited mainly by the thermionic field emission (TFE) leakage current. [1] However, the TFE current, that is, leakage current, was very large because of the large electric field at the Schottky metal/semiconductor interface. Here, introducing a junction barrier controlled Schottky structure or trench MOS barrier structure is an effective way to decrease the electric field [2]. In this study, we succeeded in developing Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> trench MOS-type SBDs (MOSSBDs) for the first time and examined their characteristics.
Q-learning strategies for action selection in the TESTAR automated testing tool (2016)

TESTAR is an open source tool for automated software testing that generates test sequences on the fly based only on information derived from the Graphical User Interface (GUI).At the core of TESTAR is the way to automatically select which actions to test; finding the right algorithm to carry out this task can make significant differences to the testing outcome.In this work we evaluate Q-learning as a metaheuristic for action selection and carry out experiments with a range of paramenters, using random selection as a baseline for the comparison.Two applications are used as Software Undder Test (SUT) in the experiments, namely MS Powerpoint (a proprietary desktop application) and the Odoo enterprise management system (an open source web-based application).We introduce metrics to evaluate the performance of the testing with TESTAR, which are valid even under the assumption that access to the source code is not available and testing is only possible via the GUI.These metrics are used to perform statistical analysis, showing that the superiority of action selection by Q-learning can only be achieved through an adequate choice of parameters.
Functional Interferon System Is Required for Clearance of Lassa Virus (2012)

Lassa virus (LASV) is the causative agent of Lassa hemorrhagic fever (LF) in humans, a deadly disease endemic to West Africa that results in 5,000 to 10,000 deaths annually. Here we present results demonstrating that functional type I and type II interferon (IFN) signaling is required for efficient control of LASV dissemination and clearance.
ONLINE REAL-TIME ONSET DETECTION WITH RECURRENT NEURAL NETWORKS (2012)

We present a new onset detection algorithm which operates online in real time without delay. Our method incorporates a recurrent neural network to model the sequence of onsets based solely on causal audio signal information. Comparative performance against existing state-of-the-art online and offline algorithms was evaluated using a very large database. The new method ‐ despite being an online algorithm ‐ shows performance only slightly short of the best existing offline methods while outperforming standard approaches.
Enzyme Conjugation to the Polysaccharide Chitosan:  Smart Biocatalysts and Biocatalytic Hydrogels (2001)

Laccase from Coriolopsis gallica was conjugated to the renewable biopolymer chitosan using carbodiimide chemistry. The laccase-chitosan conjugate was observed to offer three unique properties. First, the laccase-chitosan conjugate displayed pH-responsive behavior such that the conjugate was soluble and active under acidic conditions, but precipitated when the pH was raised toward neutrality. Second, the laccase-chitosan conjugate was more stable than free laccase at extreme pHs. At pH 1, the inactivation rate constant (k(in)) for the soluble laccase-chitosan conjugate was 20-fold less than that for free laccase. At pH 13, k(in) for the insoluble laccase-chitosan conjugate was nearly 3-fold less than that for free laccase. Finally, the laccase-chitosan conjugate could be cross-linked under mild conditions to create biocatalytic hydrogels. Potential benefits for enzyme-chitosan conjugates are discussed.
Quantitative mapping and classification of a steam chamber:fluid saturation, temperature, and phase change, an integrated oil-sands study (2017)

During steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) processing of an oil sands reservoir, two marked phase changes occur. First, bitumen itself changes from quasi-solid to liquid when heated. Second, a steam chamber develops as the liquid bitumen is displaced with steam during production. Therefore, steam chamber development is a direct indication of production performance. A good understanding of the developed chamber extent and future chamber growth is essential for a successful SAGD project. In this paper, we present an integrated approach to quantitatively predict chamber geometry, fluid saturation and temperature. We define the chamber in three classes, based on phase changes: (1) developed steam chamber zone (high steam saturation and temperature, indicating completed production); (2) mixed fluids zone (low steam saturation and high temperature, indicating near-future production); and, (3) transition zone between quasi-solid to liquid (warmed reservoir with future potential), The above workflow was applied to the Nexen Long Lake SAGD project using the 2002 baseline and 2014 monitor seismic data. The developed steam chamber (class 1) was predicted for 2014. The 2014 monitor data were also used to predict the future extent of the developed chamber for the year 2016 (using classes 1 and 2). The predicted chambers for both 2014 and 2016 were found to correlate well with production data. Presentation Date: Thursday, September 28, 2017 Start Time: 11:25 AM Location: 351F Presentation Type: ORAL
Multiresponsive polymeric microstructures with encoded predetermined and self-regulated deformability (2018)

Dynamic functions of biological organisms often rely on arrays of actively deformable microstructures undergoing a nearly unlimited repertoire of predetermined and self-regulated reconfigurations and motions, most of which are difficult or not yet possible to achieve in synthetic systems. Here, we introduce stimuli-responsive microstructures based on liquid-crystalline elastomers (LCEs) that display a broad range of hierarchical, even mechanically unfavored deformation behaviors. By polymerizing molded prepolymer in patterned magnetic fields, we encode any desired uniform mesogen orientation into the resulting LCE microstructures, which is then read out upon heating above the nematic-isotropic transition temperature (T<sub>N-I</sub>) as a specific prescribed deformation, such as twisting, in- and out-of-plane tilting, stretching, or contraction. By further introducing light-responsive moieties, we demonstrate unique multifunctionality of the LCEs capable of three actuation modes: self-regulated bending toward the light source at T < T<sub>N-I</sub>, magnetic-field-encoded predetermined deformation at T > T<sub>N-I</sub>, and direction-dependent self-regulated motion toward the light at T > T<sub>N-I</sub> We develop approaches to create patterned arrays of microstructures with encoded multiple area-specific deformation modes and show their functions in responsive release of cargo, image concealment, and light-controlled reflectivity. We foresee that this platform can be widely applied in switchable adhesion, information encryption, autonomous antennae, energy harvesting, soft robotics, and smart buildings.
Geographic profiling: the fast, frugal, and accurate way (2003)

Abstract The current article addresses the ongoing debate about whether individuals can perform as well as actuarial techniques when confronted with real world, consequential decisions. A single experiment tested the ability of participants ( N = 215) and an actuarial technique to accurately predict the residential locations of serial offenders based on information about where their crimes were committed. Results indicated that participants introduced to a ‘Circle’ or ‘Decay’ heuristic showed a significant improvement in the accuracy of predictions, and that their post‐training performance did not differ significantly from the predictions of one leading actuarial technique. Further analysis of individual performances indicated that approximately 50% of participants used appropriate heuristics that typically led to accurate predictions even before they received training, while nearly 75% improved their predictive accuracy once introduced to either of the two heuristics. Several possible explanations for participants' accurate performances are discussed and the practical implications for police investigations are highlighted. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.