gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Stampless Adaptive Nonuniform Sampling for Stochastic Signals (2012)

In this paper, we introduce a time-stampless adaptive nonuniform sampling (TANS) framework, in which time increments between samples are determined by a function of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</i> most recent increments and sample values. Since only past samples are used in computing time increments, it is not necessary to save sampling times (time stamps) for use in the reconstruction process. We focus on two TANS schemes for discrete-time stochastic signals: a greedy method, and a method based on dynamic programming. We analyze the performances of these schemes by computing (or bounding) their trade-offs between sampling rate and expected reconstruction distortion for autoregressive and Markovian signals. Simulation results support the analysis of the sampling schemes. We show that, by opportunistically adapting to local signal characteristics, TANS may lead to improved power efficiency in some applications.
Development of Fungal Selective Amphiphilic Kanamycin: Cost-Effective Synthesis and Use of Fluorescent Analogs for Mode of Action Investigation (2019)

Amphiphilic aminoglycosides have attracted interest due to their novel antifungal activities. A crucial but often neglected factor for drug development in academia is cost of production. Herein is reported a one-step, inexpensive synthesis of amphiphilic alkyl kanamycins constituted with only natural components. The synthetic methodology also enabled the preparation of a series fluorescent amphiphilic aryl kanamycins for direct structure-activity mode of action studies. The lead compounds showed prominent antifungal activities against a panel of fungi, including Fusarium graminearum, Cryptococcus neoformans, and several Candida sp., and also significant antibacterial activities. With fluorescence-based whole cell assays, the aryl amphiphilic kanamycins were observed to permeabilize fungal surface membranes at faster rates than bacterial surface membranes. Also, the antifungal action of the amphiphilic kanamycins was observed to occur in a biphasic mode with an initial fast phase correlated with rapid membrane permeabilization at subminimal inhibitory concentrations and a slower phase membrane permeabilization that elevates the reactive oxygen species production leading to cell death. Inactive hydrophobic amphiphilic kanamycins displayed no membrane permeabilization. The results offer cost-effective methods for producing amphiphilic kanamycins and reveal insights into how nonfungal specific amphiphilic kanamycins can be employed for fungal specific diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Visible and near-infrared spectroscopy and deep learning application for the qualitative and quantitative investigation of nitrogen status in cotton leaves (2022)

Leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) is a critical indicator of crop nutrient status. In this study, the feasibility of using visible and near-infrared spectroscopy combined with deep learning to estimate LNC in cotton leaves was explored. The samples were collected from cotton's whole growth cycle, and the spectra were from different measurement environments. The random frog (RF), weighted partial least squares regression (WPLS), and saliency map were used for characteristic wavelength selection. Qualitative models (partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), support vector machine for classification (SVC), convolutional neural network classification (CNNC) and quantitative models (partial least squares regression (PLSR), support vector machine for regression (SVR), convolutional neural network regression (CNNR)) were established based on the full spectra and characteristic wavelengths. Satisfactory results were obtained by models based on CNN. The classification accuracy of leaves in three different LNC ranges was up to 83.34%, and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) of quantitative prediction models of cotton leaves was as low as 3.36. In addition, the identification of cotton leaves based on the predicted LNC also achieved good results. These results indicated that the nitrogen content of cotton leaves could be effectively detected by deep learning and visible and near-infrared spectroscopy, which has great potential for real-world application.
Non‐amine‐Based Furan‐Containing Oligoaryls as Efficient Hole Transporting Materials. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Seamless Transition Scheme of Position Sensorless Control in Industrial Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) Drives with Output Filter and Transformer for Electric Submersible Pumps (2018)

This paper proposes a position sensorless control scheme for induction and permanent magnetic Low Voltage (LV) motor drives with an output filter and transformer for an Electric Submersible Pump (ESP). The sensorless strategy covers the full speed range for ESP drives. An open velocity loop, current regulated sensorless controller is utilized to drive induction and permanent magnet motors during starting and at low speeds. A field oriented controller (FOC) that utilizes an estimated rotor position based upon motor back electromotive force (EMF) is utilized to drive the motor at higher speeds. A seamless transition between controllers for the two operational modes, i.e. low speed control and high speed control, is proposed in this paper. With velocity mode control over the full speed range and mode control hysteresis, a smooth transition between open loop and EMF-based observer control can be achieved. The sensorless control scheme presented in this paper has been implemented in a commercial drive for an Electric Submersible Pump (deep well) application.
Large two-dimensional arrays of phase-locked vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (1992)

The phase-locking of two-dimensional (2D) arrays incorporating a large number of electrically pumped, vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) is described. The InGaAs/GaAs quantum well VCSELs are phase locked by patterning the reflectivity of the laser back mirrors. Structures with both weak and strong modulation of the mirror reflectivity have been studied. The strongly modulated (weakly coupled) structures exhibit superior coherence and beam patterns, with up to 27×27 lasers oscillating in virtually a single (highest order) supermode. The weakly modulated (strongly coupled) arrays also emit highly coherent beams, but with lower threshold currents and higher differential efficiencies. Weakly modulated arrays of 20×20 elements (120×120 μm2) exhibited threshold currents of &lt;1 mA per laser and ≳300 mW pulsed output powers. These coherent 2D arrays should be useful for optical signal processing and high optical power applications.
In-service motor performance diagnostics. Final CRADA report (1997)

Efficiency evaluation of in-service motors is a challenge to industry. Without a dynamometer or torque cell attached, determining the output power is difficult. The purpose of this CRADA was to develop an on-line motor monitoring device that will determine the condition and performance of a motor without removing the motor from operation.
Implementing virtual traffic lights with partial penetration: a game-theoretic approach (2014)

Virtual traffic lights (VTL) is a new technology that holds the promise of revolutionizing traffic control in urban areas. The original VTL idea was based on 100 percent penetration of VTL technology. In this article, contrary to conventional wisdom, it is shown that 100 percent penetration is not a necessary condition for deploying VTL technology as it can be implemented with partial or low levels of penetration. Furthermore, based on game-theoretic arguments, it is shown that the adoption of VTL technology can be accelerated by providing incentives to vehicles equipped with VTL technology.
Issues in flat integrated magnetics design (2002)

In certain switching power converter topologies like Cuk and Sepic converters, various magnetic elements can be combined together in coupled inductor and integrated magnetics arrangements. The advantages of small size and weight of integrated magnetics are combined with the low profile of flat magnetics. New solutions are presented to various problems of flat integrated magnetics such as eddy current losses due to high leakage and high residual ripple due to good magnetic coupling between windings.
A Stepwise Approach toward Closed-Loop Blood Glucose Control for Intensive Care Unit Patients: Results from a Feasibility Study in Type 1 Diabetic Subjects Using Vascular Microdialysis with Infrared Spectrometry and a Model Predictive Control Algorithm (2011)

Data of the feasibility trial illustrate the device being effective in controlling glycemia in T1DM subjects. However, the monitoring part of the loop must be improved with respect to accuracy and precision before testing the system in the target population.
Plasma lens fine focusing of heavy-ion beams (1992)

The fine-focusing capability of a current-carrying, "active" plasma lens has been demonstracted for the first time. A cylindrically symmetric argon discharge plasma pulsed with an oscillating current of over 20 kA in amplitude served as a current conducting medium. With this plasma lens has been demonstrated for the first time. A cylindrically symmetric argon discharge plasma pulsed with an oscillating current of over 20 kA in amplitude served as a current conducting medium. With this plasma lens the diameter of an incident 2.2-GeV gold ion beam from the linear accelerator UNILAC at GSI-Darmstadt was focused from initially 10 to about 0.25 mm, at a focal length of only 140 mm. The gradient of the azimuthal magnetic field exceeded 120 T/m. The striking features of this first-order and strong-focusing plasma lens favor its use as a precise high-gradient focusing device for high-energy charged particles.
PS-OCT of natural pigmented and nonpigmented interproximal caries lesions (2005)

Previous studies have demonstrated that Polarization Sensitive Optical Coherence Tomography (PS-OCT) can be used to image early dental caries. The purpose of this study was to compare the measured reflectivity of natural caries lesions with the mineral loss measured using digital microradiography. An all polarization-maintaining fiber based PS-OCT system operating at 1310-nm was used to acquire polarization resolved images of natural white spot lesions and pigmented lesions on the smooth surfaces of extracted teeth. There was a strong positive correlation between the increase in the integrated reflectivity in the perpendicular polarization axis of the PS-OCT system and the increase in the integrated mineral loss or lesion severity for both white-spot and pigmented lesions, P <0.001. Therefore, PS-OCT is well-suited to assess the severity of natural caries lesions and resolve the internal structure of early caries lesions for the potential assessment of the lesion activity.
Read Disturb in NROM Charge Trapping Non-Volatile Memory Device (2008)

We investigated threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) shifts during read operation of NROM devices in advanced non-volatile memory (NVM) process generations (75nm). For the first time it is demonstrated that channel-initiated secondary electron injection (CHISEL) mechanism is the main source of the "read disturb" experimental results in advanced process devices. This mechanism is generic to non-volatile memories (NVM) devices and must be minimized to avoid data corruption during read.
Multiplex Sequencing of 1.5 Mb of the <i>Mycobacterium leprae</i> Genome (1997)

The nucleotide sequence of 1.5 Mb of genomic DNA from Mycobacterium leprae was determined using computer-assisted multiplex sequencing technology. This brings the 2.8-Mb M. leprae genome sequence to ∼66% completion. The sequences, derived from 43 recombinant cosmids, contain 1046 putative protein-coding genes, 44 repetitive regions, 3 rRNAs, and 15 tRNAs. The gene density of one per 1.4 kb is slightly lower than that of Mycoplasma (1.2 kb). Of the protein coding genes, 44% have significant matches to genes with well-defined functions. Comparison of 1157 M. leprae and 1564 Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins shows a complex mosaic of homologous genomic blocks with up to 22 adjacent proteins in conserved map order. Matches to known enzymatic, antigenic, membrane, cell wall, cell division, multidrug resistance, and virulence proteins suggest therapeutic and vaccine targets. Unusual features of the M. leprae genome include large polyketide synthase (pks) operons, inteins, and highly fragmented pseudogenes. [The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos. L78811 – L78829 , U00010 – U00023 , U15180 – U15184 , U15186 , U15187 , L01095 , L01536 , L04666 , and L01263 . On-line supplementary information for Table 1 is available at http://www.cshl.org/gr .]
Exploiting Immiscible Aqueous-Nonaqueous Electrolyte Interface toward a Membraneless Redox-Flow Battery Concept (2017)

A new concept of membraneless battery based on immiscible aqueous and nonaqueous stratified-electrolytes was studied in a static cell for the purpose of constructing a redox flow battery (RFB). By selectively dissolving the negative redox pair and the positive one in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolyte, respectively, two redox pairs are thermodynamically separated in their own phases without the need of membrane as separator. A zinc-ferrocene (Zn-Fc) static battery is demonstrated as an example, in which Zn2+/Zn in aqueous electrolyte and Fc(+)/Fc in nonaqueous electrolyte (butyl acetate) were used as the negative and positive redox pair. Electrochemical properties of Fc(+)/Fc in butyl acetate are studied and the performance of membraneless Zn-Fc battery is evaluated. The new design in this work can be potentially applied and upgraded to redox flow battery given the flowing capability of both electrolytes.
Fast hybrid network reconfiguration for large-scale lossless interconnection networks (2016)

Reconfiguration of high performance lossless interconnection networks is a cumbersome and time-consuming task. For that reason reconfiguration in large networks are typically limited to situations where it is absolutely necessary, for instance when severe faults occur. On the contrary, due to the shared and dynamic nature of modern cloud infrastructures, performance-driven reconfigurations are necessary to ensure efficient utilization of resources. In this work we present a scheme that allows for fast reconfigurations by limiting the task to subparts of the network that can benefit from a local reconfiguration. Moreover, our method is able to use different routing algorithms for different sub-parts within the same subnet. We also present a Fat-Tree routing algorithm that reconfigures a network given a user-provided node ordering. Hardware experiments and large scale simulation results show that we are able to significantly reduce reconfiguration times from 50% to as much as 98.7% for very large topologies, while improving performance.
Bone marrow segmentation based on a combined consideration of transverse relaxation processes and Dixon oscillations (2016)

The aim of this study was to demonstrate that gradient-echo sampling of single spin echoes can be used to isolate the signal from trabecular bone marrow, with high-quality segmentation and surface reconstructions resulting from the application of simple post-processing strategies. Theoretical expressions of the time-domain single-spin-echo signal were used to simulate signals from bone marrow, non-bone fatty deposits and muscle. These simulations were compared with and used to interpret signals obtained by the application of the gradient-echo sampling of a spin-echo sequence to image the knee and surrounding tissues at 1.5 T. Trabecular bone marrow has a much higher reversible transverse relaxation rate than surrounding non-bone fatty deposits and other musculoskeletal tissues. This observation, combined with a choice of gradient-echo spacing that accentuates Dixon-type oscillations from chemical-shift interference effects, enabled the isolation of bone marrow signal from surrounding tissues through the use of simple image subtraction and thresholding. Three-dimensional renderings of the marrow surface were then readily generated with this approach - renderings that may prove useful for bone morphology assessment, e.g. for the measurement of femoral anteversion. In conclusion, understanding the behavior of signals from bone marrow and surrounding tissue as a function of time through a spin echo facilitates the segmentation and reconstruction of bone marrow surfaces using straightforward post-processing strategies that are typically available on modern radiology workstations.
Developing a Multiplexed Quantitative Cross-Linking Mass Spectrometry Platform for Comparative Structural Analysis of Protein Complexes (2016)

Cross-linking mass spectrometry (XL-MS) represents a recently popularized hybrid methodology for defining protein-protein interactions (PPIs) and analyzing structures of large protein assemblies. In particular, XL-MS strategies have been demonstrated to be effective in elucidating molecular details of PPIs at the peptide resolution, providing a complementary set of structural data that can be utilized to refine existing complex structures or direct de novo modeling of unknown protein structures. To study structural and interaction dynamics of protein complexes, quantitative cross-linking mass spectrometry (QXL-MS) strategies based on isotope-labeled cross-linkers have been developed. Although successful, these approaches are mostly limited to pairwise comparisons. In order to establish a robust workflow enabling comparative analysis of multiple cross-linked samples simultaneously, we have developed a multiplexed QXL-MS strategy, namely, QMIX (Quantitation of Multiplexed, Isobaric-labeled cross (X)-linked peptides) by integrating MS-cleavable cross-linkers with isobaric labeling reagents. This study has established a new analytical platform for quantitative analysis of cross-linked peptides, which can be directly applied for multiplexed comparisons of the conformational dynamics of protein complexes and PPIs at the proteome scale in future studies.
Enhanced Immunogenicity of Seasonal Influenza Vaccines in Young Children Using MF59 Adjuvant (2009)

MF59-adjuvanted influenza vaccine was well tolerated in healthy young children after each of 3 doses and induced greater, longer-lasting, and broader immune responses than a nonadjuvanted split vaccine. The enhanced immunogenicity of the adjuvanted vaccine was most evident in very young children and for the B vaccine strain.
Biodegradable analogues of DDT. (1971)

Despite the immense utility of DDT for vector control its usefulness is prejudiced by its stability in the environment and by the low rate at which it can be degraded biologically. Metabolic studies in insects, in mice, and in a model ecosystem with several food chains have shown that DDT analogues with substituent groups readily attacked by multifunction oxidases undergo a substantial degree of biological degradation and do not appear to be stored readily in animal tissues or concentrated in food chains. Detailed metabolic pathways have been worked out and it is clear that comparative biochemistry can be used to develop DDT analogues that are adequately persistent yet biodegradable. A number of new DDT analogues have been evaluated for insecticidal activity against flies and mosquitos and for their potential usefulness as safe, persistent, and biodegradable insecticides.
Novel Measurement Method for Magnetic Particles (2006)

This paper represents a novel magnetic nanoparticle measurement method for applications in clinical diagnostics. Planar microcoils and impedance bridge measurement are used to measure the amount of the particles. Macro size coils made on PCB are used to test and verify the measurement method and measurement electronics. Experimental tests and simulative results will be used for a future microscale sensing system.
Photodegradable vinyl plastics. I. Effect of N-halogen additives (1976)

The addition of small amounts of N-halogen compounds to polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene (PE) enhanced the photodegradability of the resultant plastic films. The effectiveness of the additives varied with their structure and with the polymer. A comparison of N-Bromosuccinimide (NBS) with several known photoinitiators showed it to be superior in effectiveness to all but one. Films were irradiated with a 275-watt RS sunlamp for 66–200 hr. Degradation was measured by increase in carbonyl absorbance at 1750–1695 cm−1 using infrared spectroscopy and by change in viscosity. PS containing NBS underwent a greater molecular weight loss than unmodified PS after UV exposure as determined by viscosity measurements.
Precompensation value determination in a PRML channel (1996)

This paper describes a technique for determining precomp value in a disk drive with a PRML data channel. Unlike other known methods, this approach uses the PRML sample values to derive the needed precomp value and requires very little additional hardware. Therefore a disk drive can easily incorporate this technique for precomp adjustment.
A Comprehensive Comparison of the Phase Change Material-Based Internal and External Cooling Systems (2020)

Being employed in a wide range of energy storage applications, such as solar energy storage systems and electric vehicles (EVs), lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an important link in the chain of clean energy harvest and delivery and have played a crucial role in low-carbon energy transitions. Thermal management is critical for maintaining the efficiency, safety, and longevity of LIBs due to the exothermic behavior and high temperature sensitivity of LIBs. A desirable thermal management system should be able to help sustain a desired operating temperature range and a small temperature gradient within batteries. The heat accumulation effect in the center of cylindrical LIBs has been observed and experimentally studied by Shah et al. [1] and Zhang et al. [2]. The insufficient cooling at the battery center can cause temperature nonuniformity and lead to performance degradation of batteries in long-term operation. We have previously reported a phase change material (PCM)-based internal cooling system for alleviating the heat accumulation in 18650-type LIBs [3, 4]. In this presentation, the internal cooling system will be thoroughly compared with an external PCM-based cooling system in terms of their weight and volume added to the entire battery systems, their cooling effectiveness for single batteries of different sizes and radial thermal conductivities, and the necessity of increasing the thermal conductivity of PCM through adding additives. References: [1] K. Shah, C. Mckee, D. Chalise, and A. Jain, Energy , 113 , 852-860 (2016). [2] G. Zhang, L. Cao, S. Ge, C. Y. Wang, C. E., Shaffer, and C. D. Rahn, J. Electrochem. Soc. , 161 , 1499-1507 (2014). [3] R. Zhao, J. Gu, and J. Liu, Int. J. Energy. Res. , 42 , 2728-2740 (2018). [4] R. Zhao, J. Gu, and J. Liu, Energy , 135 , 811-822 (2017). Figure Caption: Figure 1. Comparison of the measured and simulated temperature profiles of the a) internally and b) externally cooled single cell, where T 1 , T 2 , and T 3 are the temperatures measured at the battery center, battery surface, and plastic case surface, respectively. The tests were performed in a wind tunnel under natural convection with a convective heat transfer coefficient of 20 W m -2 K -1 . Figure 1