gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Decade of XML Data Management: An Industrial Experience Report from Oracle (2009)

XML and its related technologies have now been in use for almost a decade. There has been considerable amount of effort both from research and industry focusing on XML, XQuery/XPath, XSLT and SQL/XML processing in the database. Many research prototypes and industrial products have been built to satisfy the XML use cases. This paper reviews several use cases where XML databases are leveraged to build real-world XML applications. We discuss the lessons learnt in supporting both data-centric and document-centric XMLDB applications within a single database system and the need for the implementation of different XML storage, index and query optimisation techniques for different XML use cases. We show the value of managing XML in databases, the current challenges and improvements that will hopefully promote future research directions. This paper also provides a timely checkpoint of XML data management from industrial perspective with experience of developing and supporting Oracle XML products.
<title>Adaptive feature analysis of false positives for computerized detection of lung nodules in digital chest images</title> (1997)

To assist radiologists in diagnosing early lung cancer, we have developed a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme for automated detection of lung nodules in digital chest images. The database used for this study consisted of two hundred PA chest radiographs, including 100 normals and 100 abnormals. Our CAD scheme has four basic steps, namely, (1) preprocessing, (2) identification of initial nodule candidates (rule-based test #1), (3) grouping of initial nodule candidates into six groups, and (4) elimination of false positives (rule-based test #2 - #5 and artificial neural network). Our CAD scheme achieves, on average, a sensitivity of 70%, with 1.7 false positives per chest image. We believe that this CAD scheme with its current performance is ready for clinical evaluation.
Supercritical waste oxidation of aqueous wastes (1986)

For aqueous wastes containing 1 to 20 wt% organics, supercritical water oxidation is less costly than controlled incineration or activated carbon treatment and far more efficient than wet oxidation. Above the critical temperature (374 C) and pressure (218 atm) of water, organic materials and gases are completely miscible with water. In supercritical water oxidation, organics, air and water are brought together in a mixture at 250 atm and temperatures above 400 C. Organic oxidation is initiated spontaneously at these conditions. The heat of combustion is released within the fluid and results in a rise in temperature 600 to 650 C. Under these conditions, organics are destroyed rapidly with efficiencies in excess of 99.999%. Heteroatoms are oxidized to acids, which can be precipitated out as salts by adding a base to the feed. Examples are given for process configurations to treat aqueous wastes with 10 and 2 wt% organics.
Development of a high efficiency primary side controlled 7kW wireless power charger (2014)

The aim of this paper is to present the design of a primary side controlled 7kW wireless charging system for electric vehicles (EVs). A systematic design procedure and practical design considerations are discussed for a high efficiency level 2 wireless charger. The fundamental design consideration of the bipolar magnetic coupler is introduced. The double-sided LCC compensation circuit is chosen based on its characteristic analysis. For single pickup applications, the fixed-frequency primary-side current-controlled is feasible to regulate the delivering power due to the merits of the double-sided LCC compensation. Consequently, the on-board secondary circuits can be downsized as an uncontrolled rectifier since a decoupling converter is not necessary. The front-stage AC/DC converter consists of a boost-type power factor correction and buck converter for the primary side control. Simulation and experimental results are presented for a prototype with up to 7kW output power for electric vehicles (EV) charger. A peak efficiency of 93% from the grid to the battery load is achieved at rated operation condition.
Advertising Link-State Information in BGP (2011)

This document defines a new Border Gateway Protocol Network Layer
Reachability Information (BGP NLRI) encoding format that can be used
to distribute Traffic Engineering (TE) link information. Links can be
either physical links connecting physical nodes, or virtual paths
between physical or abstract nodes. The TE information is carried via
the BGP, thereby reusing protocol algorithms, operational experience,
and administrative processes, such as inter-provider peering
agreements. The BGP protocol carrying Traffic Engineering (TE)
information would provide a well-defined, uniform, policy-controlled
interface from the network to outside servers that need to learn the
network topology in real-time, for example an ALTO Server or a Path
Computation Server. Having TE information from remote areas and/or
Autonomous Systems would allow path computation for inter-area and/or
inter-AS source- routed unicast and multicast tunnels.
Black box checking (2001)

Two main approaches are used for increasing the quality of systems: in model checking , one checks properties of a known design of a system; in testing, one usually checks whether a given implementation, whose internal structure is often unknown, conforms with an abstract design. We are interested in the combination of these techniques. Namely, we would like to be able to test whether an implementation with unknown structure satisfies some given properties. We propose and formalize this problem of black box checking and suggest several algorithms. Since the input to black box checking is not given initially, as is the case in the classical model of computation, but is learned through experiments, we propose a computational model based on games with incomplete information. We use this model to analyze the complexity of the problem. We also address the more practical question of finding an approach that can detect errors in the implementation before completing an exhaustive search.
Canonical abstraction for outerjoin optimization (2004)

Outerjoins are an important class of joins and are widely used in various kinds of applications. It is challenging to optimize queries that contain outerjoins because outerjoins do not always commute with inner joins. Previous work has studied this problem and provided techniques that allow certain reordering of the join sequences. However, the optimization of outerjoin queries is still not as powerful as that of inner joins.An inner join query can always be canonically represented as a sequence of Cartesian products of all relations, followed by a sequence of selection operations, each applying a conjunct in the join predicates. This canonical abstraction is very powerful because it enables the optimizer to use any join sequence for plan generation. Unfortunately, such a canonical abstraction for outerjoin queries has not been developed. As a result, existing techniques always exclude certain join sequences from planning, which can lead to a severe performance penalty.Given a query consisting of a sequence of inner and outer joins, we, for the first time, present a canonical abstraction based on three operations: outer Cartesian products, nullification, and best match. Like the inner join abstraction, our outerjoin abstraction permits all join sequences, and preserves the property of both commutativity and transitivity among predicates. This allows us to generate plans that are very desirable for performance reasons but that couldn't be done before. We present an algorithm that produces such a canonical abstraction, and a method that extends an inner-join optimizer to generate plans in an expanded search space. We also describe an efficient implementation of the best match operation using the OLAP functionalities in SQL:1999. Our experimental results show that our technique can significantly improve the performance of outerjoin queries.
Inhibitors of dopamine .beta.-hydroxylase. 3. Some 1-(pyridylmethyl)imidazole-2-thiones (1987)

The 1-benzylimidazole-2-thione moiety has been previously shown by Kruse et al. to be broadly associated with dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). An extension of structure-activity studies to 1-(pyridylmethyl)- and 1-(oxypyridylmethyl)imidazole-2-thiones is reported here in an attempt to exploit the pH differential that exists across the chromaffin vesicle membrane. We hypothesized that the weakly basic pyridyl compounds would diffuse into the acidic vesicles in their neutral forms where protonation and concentration would occur to enhance their in vivo effectiveness as inhibitors. To test this hypothesis, isomeric 2-, 3- and 4-(1-pyridylmethyl)imidazole-2-thiones were synthesized from the appropriate pyridinecarboxaldehydes by reductive alkylation of aminoacetaldehyde dialkyl acetal followed by imidazole-2-thione formation using acidic potassium thiocyanate. Related oxypyridyl compounds were synthesized by first preparing the appropriate aldehyde intermediate followed by conversion to the imidazole-2-thione by the same procedure. The unsubstituted pyridylmethyl compounds showed modest DBH inhibition in vitro but, consistent with a transport-mediated increase in observed potency, showed significant effects in vivo to increase the vascular ratio of dopamine to norepinephrine and to lower blood pressure.
Cyclodextrins: Production, properties and applications in food chemistry (1988)

Abstract Cyclodextrins have diverse, important applications in food industry. These applications are based on the ability of cyclodextrins to form molecular complexes with small—molecular compounds. Cyclodextrins are harmless in oral administration and advantageous effects by cyclodextrins are achieved by simple mixing of small amounts of them to the material being stabilized. Development of convenient and cost‐effective processes for production of cyclodextrins are undergoing and there are promises in the near future for obtaining cyclodextrins which are realistic in price to be used in foods. While cyclodextrins have been used for more than ten years in Japan as natural additives in foods, the legislation for their approval in foods is still under development in Europe and USA.
Optimizing the spatial configuration of a seven-talker speech display (2005)

Although there is substantial evidence that performance in multitalker listening tasks can be improved by spatially separating the apparent locations of the competing talkers, very little effort has been made to determine the best locations and presentation levels for the talkers in a multichannel speech display. In this experiment, a call sign based color and number identification task was used to evaluate the effectiveness of three different spatial configurations and two different level normalization schemes in a seven-channel binaural speech display. When only two spatially adjacent channels of the seven-channel system were active, overall performance was substantially better with a geometrically spaced spatial configuration (with far-field talkers at −90°, −30°, −10°, 0°, +10°, +30°, and +90° azimuth) or a hybrid near-far configuration (with far-field talkers at −90°, −30°, 0°, +30°, and +90° azimuth and near-field talkers at ±90°) than with a more conventional linearly spaced configuration (with far-field talkers at −90°, −60°, −30°, 0°, +30°, +60°, and +90° azimuth). When all seven channels were active, performance was generally better with a “better-ear” normalization scheme that equalized the levels of the talkers in the more intense ear than with a default normalization scheme that equalized the levels of the talkers at the center of the head. The best overall performance in the seven-talker task occurred when the hybrid near-far spatial configuration was combined with the better-ear normalization scheme. This combination resulted in a 20% increase in the number of correct identifications relative to the baseline condition with linearly spaced talker locations and no level normalization. Although this is a relatively modest improvement, it should be noted that it could be achieved at little or no cost simply by reconfiguring the HRTFs used in a multitalker speech display.
PMD compensation in multilevel coded-modulation schemes with coherent detection using Alamouti-type polarization-time coding (2008)

We present a PMD compensation scheme suitable for use in multilevel coded-modulation schemes, with PMD compensation efficiency comparable to that of OFDM, but with lower complexity of both transmitter and receiver. It is based on Alamouti-type polarization-time coding, with LDPC codes as channel codes.
<title>Small liquid-crystal display device for projection</title> (1990)

In recent years, LCDs have drawn the attention of persons who present data such as sentences and patterns on the screen. This paper describes a new type of the device for projection using the LCD. CITIZEN has developed a multi-pixel, high-density and small-sized liquid crystal cell, using the Chip on Glass method. Driver ICs are directly connected to glass substrates. CITIZEN has developed a small liquid crystal display device, which is located between the light source and the lens of a conventional slide projector so that an image on the LCD is projected.
A Nano-Transistor Based on Gate-Induced Thermal Switching (2012)

A nanoscale device consisting of a metal nanowire, a dielectric, and a gate is proposed.A combination of quantum and thermal stochastic effects enables the device to have multiple functionalities, serving alternately as a transistor, a variable resistor, or a simple resistive element with changeable I-V characteristics.By manipulating the gate voltage, stochastic transitions between different conducting states of the nanowire can be induced, with a switching time as short as picoseconds.With an appropriate choice of dielectric, the transconductance of the device can significantly exceed the conductance quantum, a remarkable figure of merit for a device at this lengthscale.
Stereoscopic laparoscopy using depth information from 3D model (2014)

Laparoscopic surgery is indispensable from the current surgical procedures. Conventional laparoscope (endoscope) systems produce 2D colored video images which do not provide surgeons an actual depth perception of the scene. In this work, the problem was formulated as synthesizing a stereo image of the monocular (conventional) laparoscope image by incorporating into them the depth information from a 3D CT model. The current method was applied to the laparoscope video at the rate of up to 5 frames per second to visualize its stereo video. Correlation coefficients between the depth maps calculated with our method with those from the shape from shading algorithm were within the range of 0.70 to 0.95 (P < 0.05).
High-Performance Optical CDMA System Based on 2-D Optical Orthogonal Codes (2004)

Optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) is an interesting subject of research because of its potential to support asynchronous, bursty communications. OCDMA has been investigated for local area networks, access networks, and, more recently, as a packet label for emerging networks. Two-dimensional (2-D) OCDMA codes are preferred in current research because of the flexibility of designing the codes and their higher cardinality and spectral efficiency (SE) compared with direct sequence codes based on on-off keying and intensity modulation/direct detection, and because they lend themselves to being implemented with devices developed for wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) transmission (the 2-D codes typically combine wavelength and time as the two dimensions of the codes). This paper shows rigorously that 2-D wavelength/time codes have better SE than one-dimensional (1-D) CDMA/WDM combinations (of the same cardinality). Then, the paper describes a specific set of wavelength/time (W/T) codes and their implementation. These 2-D codes are high performance because they simultaneously have high cardinality (/spl Gt/10), per-user high bandwidth (>1 Gb/s), and high SE (>0.10 b/s/Hz). The physical implementation of these W/T codes is described and their performance evaluated by system simulations and measurements on an OCDMA technology demonstrator. This research shows that OCDMA implementation complexity (e.g., incorporating double hard-limiting and interference estimation) can be avoided by using a guard time in the codes and an optical hard limiter in the receiver.
Titration and Mapping of the Active Site of Cysteine Proteinases from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Gingipains) Using Peptidyl Chloromethanes (1997)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major pathogens associated with periodontal disease and releases powerful cysteine proteinases known as the gingipains, which are key virulence factors for this organism. The three forms of gingipains, gingipain R1, gingipain R2 (gingipain Rs) and gingipain K, which cleave specifically after arginine (R) or lysine (K) residues, were characterized in terms of the kinetics of their interaction with a wide range of synthetic peptidyl chloromethane inhibitors and a peptidyl (acyloxy)methane. Chloromethane inhibitors were found to inhibit all the enzymes to varying degree dependent on the peptidyl components of the inhibitor. Thus, inhibitors containing a basic residue at P1 rapidly inactivated the gingipains and some specificity could be seen at the P2 site. The (acyloxy)methane inhibitor, Cbz-Phe-Lys-CH2OCO-2,4,6-Me3-Ph, was very specific in its rapid inhibition of gingipain K over the gingipains R. This inhibitor, together with the peptidyl chloromethanes, D-Phe-Pro-Arg-CH2Cl and D-Phe-Phe-Arg-CH2Cl, which reacted most rapidly with the Arg-specific proteinases, could be used to active site titrate purified forms of the enzymes and enzymes found in crude fractions such as intact P. gingivalis cells, vesicles or membrane fractions. From these titrations it was evident that gingipains R were always in an excess of about 3-fold over gingipain K and that the gingipains as a whole made up 85% of the proteolytic activity associated with the bacterium. The elucidation of the kinetics of inhibition by the range of compounds and the development of the titration method for gingipains will considerably aid in future studies on the proteases elaborated by P. gingivalis.
A Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Selective Imaging of Carbon Monoxide in Living Cells Using a Palladium-Mediated Carbonylation (2012)

Carbon monoxide is a member of the gasotransmitter family, which also includes NO and H(2)S, and has been implicated in a variety of pathological and physiological conditions. Whereas exogenous therapeutic additions of CO to tissues and whole animals have been well-studied, the real-time spatial and temporal tracking of CO at the cellular level remains an open challenge. Here we report a new type of turn-on fluorescent probe for selective CO detection based on palladium-mediated carbonylation reactivity. CO Probe 1 (COP-1) is capable of detecting CO both in aqueous buffer and in live cells with high selectivity over a range of biologically relevant reactive small molecules, providing a potentially powerful approach for interrogating its chemistry in biological systems.
39.4: Inverse of Mapping Function (IMF) Method for Image Quality Enhancement of High Dynamic Range LCD TVs (2007)

Abstract A high dynamic range liquid crystal display (HDR‐LCD) can much enhance the contrast ratio of the image on a locally controlled dynamic backlight. A novel method, inverse of mapping function (IMF), was demonstrated to further improve the HDR image quality from the information of each frame. By using the IMF method, the image contrast ratio in a 37″ HDR‐LCD TV was successfully improved to ∼20,000:1 while maintaining high brightness and clear image details. Besides, for mass production purpose, the backlight of a 37″ HDR‐LCD TV was divide into 8×8 zones to reduce hardware computation complexity.
Bidding languages for combinatorial auctions (2001)

Combinatorial auctions provide a valuable mechanism for the allocation of goods in settings where buyer valuations exhibit complex structure with respect to substitutabilityand complementarity. Most algorithms are designed to work with explicit bids for concrete bundles of goods. However, logical bidding languages allow the expression of complex utility functions in a natural and concise way. We introduce a new, generalized language where bids are given by propositional formulae whose subformulae can be annotated with prices. This language allows bidder utilities to be formulated more naturally and concisely than existing languages. Furthermore, we outline a general algorithmic technique for winner determination for auctions that use this bidding language. 1
Fabrication of a substrate-independent aluminum oxide-GaAs distributed Bragg reflector (1999)

We propose a method for forming a top distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) during very-low temperature (VLT) molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) growth that is independent of the substrate being used. By varying the arsenic overpressure during VLT MBE, it was determined by Auger electron spectroscopy and cross-section transmission electron microscopy that alternating layers of polycrystalline GaAs and amorphous (Al,As) can be deposited. Because these layers are not single crystal, they can be grown on any host lattice. After lateral wet oxidation, the polycrystalline GaAs does not undergo any significant changes; whereas the amorphous (Al,As) becomes an amorphous aluminum oxide. An index step of Δn=1.88 is realized between these two layers which makes it possible to fabricate a high efficiency DBR with very few polycrystal-GaAs/amorphous-Al-oxide pairs on GaAs-, GaP-, or InP-based materials. Using reflectivity measurements, we demonstrate a five pair GaAs/AlAs-based DBR grown on an InP substrate that reflects wavelengths between 1.4 and 2.3 μm up to 95%.
Micromotor Using Electroconjugate Fluid (Fabrication of Inner Diameter 2mm RE type ECF Motor) (2001)

Some kinds of dielectric fluids as dibutyl decannedioate generate jet flow between electrodes. One of the authors calls the fluids ECf (Electro-conjugate Fluids), which are considered as smart fluids. The authors propose a micro motor by making use of ECF. In our previous paper, a rotor electrode(RE)-type micro ECF motor have been reported In the paper, fabrication of micro ECF motors having I.D.ø3mm, I.D.ø4mm, I.D.ø8mm is described. On the RE-type micro ECF motor, some pairs of electrodes are located on the surface of a cylindrical rotor. The rotor can rotates with the reaction force caused by ECF jets. By making use of the ECF jet's reaction force, micro motors are easily realized. In this paper, fabrication of a micro ECF motor having I.D.ø2mm is described. Also, Basic characteristics such as rotational velocity are experimentally examined.