gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Vehicle Mass-Based Automated Passenger Counter for Transit Applications (2015)

Federally subsidized transit funding is based on ridership; therefore, an accurate count of passengers is imperative. Most existing automated passenger counters (APCs) use infrared beam methods of detection. Such systems are expensive and inaccurate for scenarios such as multiple-passenger boarding and alighting. The preliminary results are reported here from a novel APC method that has the potential to improve accuracy over existing technology while decreasing overall system cost. This result is accomplished through integration of existing vehicle systems that include the vehicle air ride suspension, which has near-universal adoption in transit buses. The system counts passengers by measuring pressure inside the vehicle air bag suspension system, which directly correlates to vehicle mass. Two algorithms were developed to detect discrete boarding events on the basis of time-resolved vehicle mass data. The first algorithm uses incremental change of vehicle mass, assuming a well-calibrated average passenger mass of 168 lb (76 kg), resulting in a −2.4% error. The second algorithm uses the vehicle mass time derivative to improve the resolution of boarding and alighting events but with overall error increased to −28.4%. Experimental testing of the mass-based APC system on an in-service transit bus showed that the mass correlation method outperformed the existing infrared beam APC, which had a 17.5% error; however, bus kneeling events proved problematic for both the mass correlation and the event-based mass methods. Initial results are encouraging and prompt the necessity for further study and refinement. However, more work must be done to address the kneeling issue.
Synthesis and Photophysical Properties of a Series of Cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]naphthalene Solvatochromic Fluorophores (2012)

The synthesis and photophysical properties of a series of naphthalene-containing solvatochromic fluorophores are described within. These novel fluorophores are prepared using a microwave-assisted dehydrogenative Diels-Alder reaction of styrene, followed by a palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reaction to install an electron donating amine group. The new fluorophores are structurally related to Prodan. Photophysical properties of the new fluorophores were studied and intriguing solvatochromic behavior was observed. For most of these fluorophores, high quantum yields (60-99%) were observed in methylene chloride in addition to large Stokes shifts (95-226 nm) in this same solvent. As the solvent polarity increased, so did the observed Stokes shift with one derivative displaying a Stokes shift of ~300 nm in ethanol. All fluorophore emission maxima, and nearly all absorption maxima were significantly red-shifted when compared to Prodan. Shifting the absorption and emission maxima of a fluorophore into the visible region increases its utility in biological applications. Moreover, the cyclopentane portion of the fluorophore structure provides an attachment point for biomolecules that will minimize disruptions of the photophysical properties.
Modelling of Distortion Caused by Packet Losses in Video Transport (2005)

This paper analyzes transmission-error induced distortion in decoded video. A recursion model is derived that relates the distortion in successive P-frames. The model takes into account of non-integer motion vectors used for motion-compensated temporal prediction and concealment, unconstrained intra prediction, and in-loop deblocking filtering. Experimental data show that the model is quite accurate over a large range of packet loss rates and encoder intra rates.
Superconducting cyclotron for medical application (1989)

A medical superconducting cyclotron, the first such project to be undertaken, is under construction. The cyclotron will be used to produce neutron beams for use in radiation treatment of cancer. The purpose of such treatment is to administer lethal doses of radiation to tumor cells while minimizing dose to normal tissue; rather intense neutron beams are required for the treatments to occur in a reasonably expeditious time and the device needs to be able to fire the neutrons at the patient from any angle. The authors briefly review the medical rationale for such a device and then describe the cyclotron design with special emphasis on details of the superconducting coil and cryostat.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Steady state phosphorus mass balance model during hemodialysis based on a pseudo one-compartment kinetic model (2012)

We conclude that a steady state phosphorus mass balance model can be developed based on a pseudo one-compartment kinetic model and that predictions from this model are consistent with previous clinical observations. The predictions from this mass balance model are theoretical and hypothesis-generating only; additional prospective clinical studies will be required for model confirmation.
Assistive game controller for artificial intelligence-enhanced telerehabilitation post-stroke (2019)

Off-the-shelf gaming technology is designed for young, fit, and motor intact individuals. Artificial intelligence (AI) has a role in making controllers and therapeutic games adaptable to the disabled. Post-stroke rehabilitation outcomes can be enhanced by gaming technology within the home to enable engaging telerehabilitation. BrightBrainer™ Grasp (BBG) is a novel therapeutic game controller designed to adapt to arm and hand impairments post-stroke. It mediates intensive arm reach, grasp and finger extension training and has the ability to track relevant outcomes. The newly designed controller uses BrightBrainer gamification system with AI technology to provide automatic adaptation, requiring minimal clinician input. This article describes the BBG design, hardware, force and movement detection and calibration, and its integration with the therapeutic games. The use of AI in adapting a library of custom therapeutic games is also described. Results of a usability study with healthy individuals and related design modifications are presented, with implications for future trials.
Experimental results from performance improvement and radiation hardening of inverted metamorphic multi-junction solar cells (2011)

Summary form only given. This paper discusses results from continued development of inverted metamorphic multi-junction (IMM) solar cells with air mass zero (AM0) conversion efficiencies greater than 34%. An experimental best four-junction IMM (IMM4J) design is presented. In an effort to improve IMM performance in space radiation environments, 1-MeV electron irradiation studies are conducted on the individual IMM4J subcells. This data is used to engineer an IMM4J structure with beginning of life (BOL) AM0 conversion efficiency of approximately 34% and an end of life (EOL) remaining factor greater than 82%, where EOL is defined as performance after exposure to 1-MeV electron irradiation at 1E15 e/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> fluence. Next generation IMM designs are explored and an avenue toward AM0 conversion efficiencies of greater than 35% is presented.
Scale-Space Representation and Classification of 3D Models (2003)

This paper presents a framework for shape matching and classification through scale-space decomposition of 3D models. The algorithm is based on recent developments in efficient hierarchical decomposition of a point distribution in metric space p,d using its spectral properties. Through spectral decomposition, we reduce the problem of matching to that of computing a mapping and distance measure between vertex-labeled rooted trees. We use a dynamic programming scheme to compute distances between trees corresponding to solid models. Empirical evaluation of the algorithm on an extensive set of 3D matching trials demonstrates both robustness and efficiency of the overall approach. Lastly, a technique for comparing shape matchers and classifiers is introduced and the scale-space method is compared with six other known shape matching algorithms.
Remote Control Mechanism for the Crawler-type Robot by use of Flexible Shafts (2007)

In this paper, a remote control mechanism for the crawler-type robot by use of flexible shafts is proposed. Since the robot does not have to mount any power unit for the locomotion on the body, the weight of the robot can be lightened and it can mount other devices alternatively. Furthermore, since the electric power is not used to the mobile mechanism on the body, the danger of fire is extremely low even if it performs rescue operation in collapsed building with gas leakage. To construct the proposed mobile mechanism, we devise the structure of the flexible shafts. We make up an experimental crawler-type robot which is composed of the proposed mechanism. Then the feasibility of the remote control system with the proposed mechanism is demonstrated by several experiments.
A co-processor FPGA platform for the implementation of real-time model predictive control (2006)

In order to effectively control nonlinear and multivariable models, and to incorporate constraints on system states, inputs and outputs (bounds, rate of change), a suitable (sometimes necessary) controller is model predictive control (MPC). MPC is an optimization-based control scheme that requires abundant matrix operations for the calculation of the optimal control moves. In this work we propose a mixed software and hardware embedded MPC implementation. Using a codesign step and based on profiling results, we decompose the optimization algorithm into two parts: one that fits into a host processor and one that fits into a custom made unit that performs the computationally demanding arithmetic operations. The profiling results and information on the co-processor design are provided
Local Chemokine Paralysis, a Novel Pathogenic Mechanism for<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> (1998)

Periodontitis, which is widespread in the adult population, is a persistent bacterial infection associated with Porphyromonas gingivalis. Gingival epithelial cells are among the first cells encountered by both P. gingivalis and commensal oral bacteria. The chemokine interleukin 8 (IL-8), a potent chemoattractant and activator of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, was secreted by gingival epithelial cells in response to components of the normal oral flora. In contrast, P. gingivalis was found to strongly inhibit IL-8 accumulation from gingival epithelial cells. Inhibition was associated with a decrease in mRNA for IL-8. Antagonism of IL-8 accumulation did not occur in KB cells, an epithelial cell line that does not support high levels of intracellular invasion by P. gingivalis. Furthermore, a noninvasive mutant of P. gingivalis was unable to antagonize IL-8 accumulation. Invasion-dependent destruction of the gingival IL-8 chemokine gradient at sites of P. gingivalis colonization (local chemokine paralysis) will severely impair mucosal defense and represents a novel mechanism for bacterial colonization of host tissue.
Theoretical assessment of a crossed electrode 2-D array for 3-D imaging (2004)

A crossed electrode two-dimensional (2-D) transducer array is described. The array permits real-time three-dimensional imaging using a small fraction of the elements required by a full two-dimensional array. Using this approach, the number of elements in an N/spl times/N 2-D array is reduced by a factor of N/4. Simulation results show that a radiation pattern comparable to one produced by a conventional linear phased array with a 50 wavelength aperture can be obtained using a crossed electrode array with 200 transmit and receive elements.
Improved fermentative alcohol production (1980)

An improved fermentation process is described for producing alcohol which includes the combination of vacuum fermentation and vacuum distillation. Preferably, the vacuum distillation is carried out in two phases, one a fermentor proper operated at atmospheric pressure and a flash phase operated at reduced pressure with recycle of fermentation brew having a reduced alcohol content to the fermentor, using vapor recompression heating of the flash-pot recycle stream to heat the flash-pot or the distillation step, and using water load balancing (i.e., the molar ratio of water in the fermentor feed is the same as the molar ratio of water in the distillation overhead).
Silica glass for photonics (2001)

Recent studies on silica glass as a photonic material will be described. With regard to the structural disorder, investigations have been made to improve transparency and to shift the optical absorption edge in the ultraviolet towards shorter wavelengths. Remarkable advances have been achieved in the understanding of both light scattering, which is a dominant factor in the optical losses in silica fibers, and the absorption edge. Freezing of the structural disorder was observed, and structural relaxations are found to be important for improving the transparency, whereas for the absorption edge thermal vibration effects seem to be more predominant than the structural disorder. From the results, the present authors have tried to control the structural relaxation for developing silica glass with an ultimate optical transparency, finding that a very tiny amount of the proper impurity species gives rise to structural subrelaxations, which are effective in reducing the Rayleigh scattering. The scattering was reduced by 13% by addition of only 10 wt.ppm Na<SUB>2</SUB>O, for example.
The Mechanism of the Photoelectrochemical Etching of p‐InP in Nitric Acid Solutions (1997)

The mechanism of the photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching of p‐InP in nitric acid was investigated. The success of the procedure is shown to be due to the chemical oxidation of the photoproduced metallic indium by nitric acid. The study gives insight into how the photoreduction of p‐InP and protons occur simultaneously. Plots of the etch rate vs. nitric acid concentration for two p‐InP electrodes with different carrier concentrations and etch pit densities (EPD) indicated that defects play a role in the photoreduction process. The effect of EPD on the photoreductions has been interpreted in terms of surface states which originate from EPD; the EPD are correlated with the magnitude of the surface states. The total number of coulombs passed in the PEG etching region was found to be relatively constant for each p‐InP electrode. Comparison of the charge transferred with the PEC etch rates indicated that the majority of protons are photoreduced via surface states. A positive shift of the onset potential for photocurrent with increasing nitric acid concentrations implied a decrease in the density of surface states. This observation was correlated with the participation of the conduction band in the photoreduction of p‐InP. At higher nitric acid concentrations, experiments indicate that the photoreduction of protons is possible at both the surface states and conduction band. Energy diagrams lend support to these suppositions.
Real-time robust vehicle flow statistics based on adjacent frames clustering (2012)

In this paper, a clustering method of adjacent frames is proposed for vehicle flow statistics to overcome the fault of low robustness of video-based detection algorithms in complex environments. In the method, the boundaries of the abrupt or gradual visual content changing in consecutive video frames are described by color and intensity histogram method. The clustered frames containing different vehicles are segmented by these boundaries. In order to enhance the robustness of the algorithm, the interaction of adjacent multi-frames is weighted by gauss function which is the function of the interval between frames. Vehicle flow statistics are accomplished by detecting local maxima of the objective function. Experiments show that this method works stable in different weather and traffic status with the real-time performance of over 30 frames per second and with the mean detection precision of 93.2%.
Fragment-guided design of subnanomolar β-lactamase inhibitors active in vivo (2012)

Fragment-based design was used to guide derivatization of a lead series of β-lactamase inhibitors that had heretofore resisted optimization for in vivo activity. X-ray structures of fragments overlaid with the lead suggested new, unanticipated functionality and points of attachment. Synthesis of three derivatives improved affinity over 20-fold and improved efficacy in cell culture. Crystal structures were consistent with the fragment-based design, enabling further optimization to a K(i) of 50 pM, a 500-fold improvement that required the synthesis of only six derivatives. One of these, compound 5, was tested in mice. Whereas cefotaxime alone failed to cure mice infected with β-lactamase-expressing Escherichia coli, 65% were cleared of infection when treated with a cefotaxime:5 combination. Fragment complexes offer a path around design hurdles, even for advanced molecules; the series described here may provide leads to overcome β-lactamase-based resistance, a key clinical challenge.
Model-Based Screening of Wall Motion Measures for Detection of Ischemia in Three-Dimensional Cardiac Images (2006)

Quantitative measurement of left ventricular wall motion can improve clinical diagnosis by providing a more objective approach than qualitative analysis, which is subject to large inter-observer variability. We have developed novel techniques for quantifying left ventricular wall motion in three-dimensional image data sets. In this study, finite element models simulating regional ischemia in the left ventricle were used to screen potential wall motion measures for their capability to detect and evaluate the size of an ischemic region. Preliminary experimental results showed that wall motion analysis of real-time three-dimensional echocardiographic images successfully detected ischemia. Our four-dimensional wall motion analysis system provides an objective and quantitative approach for detecting and assessing the severity of disease.
Photolithography-compatible conformal electrodes for high-performance bottom-contact organic single-crystal transistors (2017)

A novel photolithography-compatible conformal electrode was demonstrated for the fabrication of high-performance bottom-contact organic single-crystal transistors on planar and curved surfaces.
Abstract 620: Development of a dual protein farnesyltransferase -geranylgeranyltransferase-I inhibitor with antitumor activity against human cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Many low molecular weight GTPases such as Ras, Ral and Rho require posttranslational farnestylation or geranylgeranylation for mediating malignant transformation. This prompted the development of farnesyltransferase (FT) inhibitors (FTI) and geranylgeranyltransferase-I (GGT-1) inhibitors (GGTI) as potential anticancer agents. However, when cancer cells are treated with FTIs, K-Ras becomes geranylgeranylated suggesting that inhibition of both FT and GGT-1 may be required to inhibit tumors harboring K-Ras mutations. Recently our group has developed a series of dual FT and GGT-1 inhibitors based on an ethylenediamine scaffold. Among these dual inhibitors FGTI-2734 was most potent in vitro (FT IC50 = 250±190 nM and GGT-1 IC50 = 520±90 nM). In human cancer cells FGTI-2734 inhibits potently HDJ-2 farnesylation, Rap 1A geranylgeranylation and K-Ras prenylation. Furthermore, FGTI-2734 inhibits the phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Akt and S6K, induces p27 accumulation and inhibits potently tumor cell growth. Finally, FGTI-2734 significantly reduces survivin protein levels, and reduction of survivin levels is associated with induction of apoptosis. Thus, this single molecule with dual FT and GGT-1 inhibitory activities may have distinct advantage over selective FTIs and GGTIs and warrants further advanced pre-clinical studies. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 620. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-620
Identification of crucial residues for the antibacterial activity of the proline‐rich peptide, pyrrhocoricin (2002)

Members of the proline-rich antibacterial peptide family, pyrrhocoricin, apidaecin and drosocin appear to kill responsive bacterial species by binding to the multihelical lid region of the bacterial DnaK protein. Pyrrhocoricin, the most potent among these peptides, is nontoxic to healthy mice, and can protect these animals from bacterial challenge. A structure-antibacterial activity study of pyrrhocoricin against Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens identified the N-terminal half, residues 2-10, the region responsible for inhibition of the ATPase activity, as the fragment that contains the active segment. While fluorescein-labeled versions of the native peptides entered E. coli cells, deletion of the C-terminal half of pyrrhocoricin significantly reduced the peptide's ability to enter bacterial or mammalian cells. These findings highlighted pyrrhocoricin's suitability for combating intracellular pathogens and raised the possibility that the proline-rich antibacterial peptides can deliver drug leads into mammalian cells. By observing strong relationships between the binding to a synthetic fragment of the target protein and antibacterial activities of pyrrhocoricin analogs modified at strategic positions, we further verified that DnaK was the bacterial target macromolecule. Inaddition, the antimicrobial activity spectrum of native pyrrhocoricin against 11 bacterial and fungal strains and the binding of labeled pyrrhocoricin to synthetic DnaK D-E helix fragments of the appropriate species could be correlated. Mutational analysis on a synthetic E. coli DnaK fragment identified a possible binding surface for pyrrhocoricin.
New Horny Layer Marker Proteins for Evaluating Skin Condition in Atopic Dermatitis (2009)

FABP-5, albumin and some other proteins in HL seem to be useful as biomarkers to evaluate inflammation and skin barrier conditions in AD patients.
Molecular Genetics of Glaucoma (1996)

Camras, Carl M.D.; Alward, Wallace L. M. M.D.; Johnson, A. Tim M.D., Ph.D.; Nishimura, Darryl Y. , Ph.D.*; Sheffield, Val C. , M.D., Ph.D.*; Stone, Edwin M. M.D., Ph.D. Author Information
Alternative pathways to prostate carcinoma activate prostate stem cell antigen expression. (2001)

Prostate Stem Cell Antigen (PSCA) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored cell surface protein that is expressed in normal human prostate and overexpressed in human prostate cancers. To test whether different pathways that generate prostate cancer would affect PSCA expression, a murine model system was developed. Monoclonal antibodies were generated against murine PSCA (mPSCA). mPSCA is expressed on approximately 20% of cells in normal prostate epithelium, and this number decreases with increasing age. In the transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) model of prostate cancer, tumors develop between 19 and 25 weeks of age. Murine PSCA was strongly expressed on approximately 60% of the cells of TRAMP tumors, at an age where the number of PSCA+ cells and the level of expression of PSCA is very low in the normal prostate. Phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) +/- mice develop a number of different cancers, including prostate cancer. The incidence of prostate cancer is low and occurs after a relatively long latency. Fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis of prostatic tissue from 11-18-month-old PTEN +/- mice showed elevated numbers of PSCA+ cells in the prostate, and immunohistochemical analysis showed high mPSCA expression in the tumors of these mice. Together, these results show that two distinct mechanisms of carcinogenesis lead to expression of a common target antigen.