gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Study of Singlet Fission in Oligorylenes (2012)

Using the time-dependent tuned long-range corrected density functional theory method, the feasibility for singlet fission in oligorylenes has been investigated within the scope of the diradical character based guideline and of the energy level matching conditions for the isolated monomers. It is found that the relatively small-size oligorylenes, that is, terrylene and quaterrylene, which present intermediate diradical character without significant tetraradical character, are possible candidates for energetically efficient singlet fission. In relation to this result, we also raise the possibility that the unsettled ultrafast dynamics previously observed on quaterrylene is evidence for singlet fission.
Speech recognition with automatic punctuation (1999)

We present a method of speech recognition with automatic punctuation based on a combination of acoustic and lexical evidence. In the recognizer vocabulary, punctuation marks are treated as word entries. By assigning the acoustic baseforms of silence, breath, and other non-speech sounds to punctuation marks, and using a properly processed N-gram language model, unpronounced punctuation marks of various types (commas, periods, etc.) appear naturally in the recognizer output. This technology can be used in dictation systems to improve usability, in commercial broadcast transcription systems to reduce editing time, and in information retrieval systems to provide phrasing information to facilitate natural language understanding.
100 Gbit/s hybrid optical fiber-wireless link in the W-band (75–110 GHz) (2011)

We experimentally demonstrate an 100 Gbit/s hybrid optical fiber-wireless link by employing photonic heterodyning up-conversion of optical 12.5 Gbaud polarization multiplexed 16-QAM baseband signal with two free running lasers. Bit-error-rate performance below the FEC limit is successfully achieved for air transmission distances up to 120 cm.
Hetero-oligomeric interactions of an ELOVL4 mutant protein: implications in the molecular mechanism of Stargardt-3 macular dystrophy. (2010)

We propose that not only the ELOVL4-ELOVL4ΔC homo-oligomeric interaction, but also several hetero-oligomeric interactions, may contribute to the pathology of STGD3.
Dropwise condensation on superhydrophobic nanostructured surfaces: literature review and experimental analysis (2014)

It is well established that the dropwise condensation (DWC) mode can lead up to significant enhancement in heat transfer coefficients as compared to the filmwise mode (FWC). Typically, hydrophobic surfaces are expected to promote DWC, while hydrophilic ones induce FWC. To this end, superhydrophobic surfaces, where a combination of low surface energy and surface texturing is used to enhance the hydrophobicity, have recently been proposed as a promising approach to promote dropwise condensation. An attractive feature of using superhydrophobic surfaces is to facilitate easy roll-off of the droplets as they form during condensation, thus leading to a significant improvement in the heat transfer associated with the condensation process. High droplet mobility can be obtained acting on the surface chemistry, decreasing the surface energy, and on the surface structure, obtaining a micro- or nano- superficial roughness. The first part of this paper will present a literature review of the most relevant works about DWC on superhydrophobic nanotextured substrates, with particular attention on the fabrication processes. In the second part, experimental data about DWC on superhydrophobic nanotextured samples will be analyzed. Particular attention will be paid to the effect of vapour velocity on the heat transfer. Results clearly highlight the excellent potential of nanostructured surfaces for application in flow condensation applications. However, they highlight the need to perform flow condensation experiments at realistic high temperature and saturation conditions in order to evaluate the efficacy of superhydrophobic surfaces for practically relevant pure vapor condensation applications.
IPFIX Information Elements for logging NAT Events (2013)

Network operators require NAT devices to log events like creation and
deletion of translations and information about the resources that the
NAT device is managing. The logs are essential in many cases to
identify an attacker or a host that was used to launch malicious
attacks and for various other purposes of accounting. Since there is
no standard way of logging this information, different NAT devices log
the information using proprietary formats and hence it is difficult to
expect a consistent behavior. The lack of a consistent way to log the
data makes it difficult to write the collector applications that would
receive this data and process it to present useful information. This
document describes the formats for logging of NAT events.
<title>Monolithic thermal ink-jet print head combining anisotropic etching and electroplating</title> (2000)

The paper proposed a high resolution single-chip monolithic inkjet printhead by combination glowing of nozzle plate on the silicon substrate and anisotropic etching. Ink channels are defined by a sacrificed layer and etched through a mesh network by anisotropic etching. Silicon based channels are strong enough to against the attack of ink solution. Surface planarization is achieved by using PECVD deposited low stress dielectric film on top of the channels to seal mesh cavities. The heater elements are buried in a thin- sandwiched membrane and face down like a back shooter. Ink slot is formed by etching the substrate from the backside and channel is then connected with ink slot. Electrical forming nozzle plate will be done later. In this structure, no more another ink channel material is necessary since it is formed on Si substrate. By direct forming nozzle plate on chip, alignment for bonding nozzle plate and chip could be avoided to cost down.
Southeast Asian Military Acquisition under the China Quad Dynamics (2020)

As an indicator of great power strategic competition, military equipment acquisition, by Southeast Asian middle powers, from either China or the Quad countries, represents an approach to analyse the countries’ positions and the geopolitical landscape of the Indo-Pacific. Currently, under the respective spheres on both sides, Beijing has some opportunities to expand its influence, but it is unlikely to significantly reshape the status quo, as the regional countries also have Russian, European, Korean and other arms sources. Thus, military acquisition will not become a primary area of competition between China and the Quad. However, the middle powers Malaysia, Thailand and the Philippines are ripe for exploitation.
Antidepressant activity of zinc and magnesium in view of the current hypotheses of antidepressant action. (2009)

The clinical efficacy of current antidepressant therapies is unsatisfactory; antidepressants induce a variety of unwanted effects, and, moreover, their therapeutic mechanism is not clearly understood. Thus, a search for better and safer agents is continuously in progress. Recently, studies have demonstrated that zinc and magnesium possess antidepressant properties. Zinc and magnesium exhibit antidepressant-like activity in a variety of tests and models in laboratory animals. They are active in forced swim and tail suspension tests in mice and rats, and, furthermore, they enhance the activity of conventional antidepressants (e.g., imipramine and citalopram). Zinc demonstrates activity in the olfactory bulbectomy, chronic mild and chronic unpredictable stress models in rats, while magnesium is active in stress-induced depression-like behavior in mice. Clinical studies demonstrate that the efficacy of pharmacotherapy is enhanced by supplementation with zinc and magnesium. The antidepressant mechanisms of zinc and magnesium are discussed in the context of glutamate, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) hypotheses. All the available data indicate the importance of zinc and magnesium homeostasis in the psychopathology and therapy of affective disorders.
Heterogeneous Si/III-V integration and the optical vertical interconnect access (2012)

A new heterogeneous Si/III-V integration and the optical vertical interconnect access to the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) nanophotonic layer is proposed and designed. The III-V semiconductor layers are directly bonded to the SOI layer and etched to form the Si/III-V waveguide (after removal of the substrate), which has no air-trench or SOI channel waveguide underneath as the prior art. The design example shows a 1.5 μm wide Si/III-V waveguide has a confinement factor of ~24% in a 100 nm-thick active region for effective light amplification/absorption. The optical vertical interconnect access is realized through tapering both the III-V semiconductor waveguide and SOI layer in the same direction. Optimization using a simple approximated two-dimensional modal presented gives ~100% coupling efficiency with a 25 μm long optical vertical interconnect access. A three-dimensional finite-difference-time-domain electromagnetic simulation verifies the design numerically and also shows the proposed structure has a good alignment tolerance for fabrication.
The<i>Arabidopsis</i>ATAF1, a NAC Transcription Factor, Is a Negative Regulator of Defense Responses Against Necrotrophic Fungal and Bacterial Pathogens (2009)

Transcription factors of the NAC family are known to be involved in various growth or developmental processes and in regulation of response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we report that Arabidopsis ATAF1 is a negative regulator of defense responses against both necrotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. Expression of ATAF1 was downregulated after infection with Botrytis cinerea or Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato or after treatment with salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid, and 1-amino cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis). Transgenic plants that overexpress the ATAF1 gene (ATAF1-OE) showed increased susceptibility while expression of an ATAF1 chimeric repressor construct (ATAF1-SRDX) exhibited enhanced resistance to P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, B. cinerea, and Alternaria brassicicola. The ataf1 mutant plants showed no significant resistance against the pathogens tested. After inoculation with B. cinerea or P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, expressions of defense-related genes PR-1, PR-5. and PDF1.2 were upregulated in the ATAF1-SRDX plants but attenuated or unchanged in the ATAF1-OE plants. In ATAF1-OE plants, SA-induced expression of pathogenesis-related genes and disease resistance against P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000 was partially suppressed. Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (i.e., H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion) accumulated only in the ATAF1-OE but not in the ATAF1-SRDX plants after Botrytis spp. infection. Our studies provide direct genetic evidence for the role of ATAF1 as a negative regulator of defense response against different type of pathogens.
Data Warehousing and OLAP: Delivering Just-In-Time Information for Decision Support (1998)

Global competition and rapidly changing markets require up-to-date, high-quality and complete information for decision support. A data warehouse offers an integrated view on all business-relevant data, and thus, provides the data foundation upon which an enterprise-wide information system can be based. OLAP is an analytical processing technology, which creates new business information from existing data, through a rich set of business transformations and numerical calculations.
Mismatch Compensation Techniques Using Random Data for Time-Interleaved A/D Converters (2006)

Offset, gain, and sample-time mismatches among different channels of a time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) are causes of significant degradation of performance. Compensation techniques for offset mismatch, gain mismatch, and sample-time error in time-interleaved ADCs are proposed. The compensation methods use random digital data and do not use a calibration signal. The offset and gain mismatches are corrected in digital domain, while the timing error correction is performed by adjusting the delay of the clock path of each channel, using a digitally-controlled delay element. The simulation results verify that the proposed compensation techniques estimate and correct offset mismatch, gain mismatch and timing error with a high degree of accuracy. These low complexity techniques are especially suitable for time-interleaved ADCs used in digital data communication systems
Synthesis of carbon‐13 labelled uracil, 6,7‐dimethyllumazine, and lumichrome, via a common intermediate: Cyanoacetylurea (1978)

Abstract Uracil, 6,7‐dimethyllumazine, and lumichrome have been labelled with carbon‐13 at positions 6, 8a, and 10a, respectively. This was accomplished via a common intermediate, cyanoacetylurea‐6‐ 13 c. Lumazine and lumichrome were condensation products of 5,6‐diaminouracil and either 2,3‐butanedione. or a condensate of it. Uracil was produced by a Raney Nickel reduction followed by acid catalyzed cyclization. This method is also applicable to labelling these compounds at other carbons within the molecules.
CXCL4 assembles DNA into liquid crystalline complexes to amplify TLR9-mediated interferon-α production in systemic sclerosis (2019)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vasculopathy. CXCL4 represents an early serum biomarker of severe SSc and likely contributes to inflammation via chemokine signaling pathways, but the exact role of CXCL4 in SSc pathogenesis is unclear. Here, we elucidate an unanticipated mechanism for CXCL4-mediated immune amplification in SSc, in which CXCL4 organizes "self" and microbial DNA into liquid crystalline immune complexes that amplify TLR9-mediated plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC)-hyperactivation and interferon-α production. Surprisingly, this activity does not require CXCR3, the CXCL4 receptor. Importantly, we find that CXCL4-DNA complexes are present in vivo and correlate with type I interferon (IFN-I) in SSc blood, and that CXCL4-positive skin pDCs coexpress IFN-I-related genes. Thus, we establish a direct link between CXCL4 overexpression and the IFN-I-gene signature in SSc and outline a paradigm in which chemokines can drastically modulate innate immune receptors without being direct agonists.
Water Absorption Properties of Fluorine-Doped SiO<sub>2</sub> Films Using Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (1996)

The water absorption properties of a PE-CVD (plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition) fluorine-doped SiO 2 film with a low dielectric constant were studied. It was concluded that highly stable F-doped SiO 2 film was obtained at F contents from 2.0% to 4.2% (3.2≤ k ≤3.6) using high-density plasma CVD. However, at F contents higher than 4.2% ( k <3.2), the amount of water absorption was markedly increased due to the presence of Si–F bonds, such as Si(–F) 2 bonds, which are highly reactive with water. On the other hand, water absorption was observed at every F content for conventional plasma CVD films. Through gas phase component analysis and investigation of the incident ion energy distribution using a quadrupole mass spectrometer, it was confirmed that a high efficiency of gas dissociation and high-energy ion bombardment are the keys to obtaining high-quality films with a high resistance to water absorption.
An Overview on Bilayered Tablet Technology (2013)

Bilayer tablet is new novel of tablet for the successful development of controlled release formulation along with many  features to provide a way of successful drugdelivery system . Bi-layer tablet is suitable for sequential release of two drugs incombination, separate two incompatible substances and also for sustained release tablet in which one Layer is immediaterelease as initial dose and second layer is maintenance dose. So use ofbi-layer tablets is a very differentaspectfor anti-hypertensive, diabetic, anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs where combination therapy is often used.  Bi-layer tablets have been developed to achieve modified release of drug. Bilayer tabletis improved beneficial technology to overcome the shortcoming of the single layered tablet. In the case of bilayered tablets drug release can be rendered almost unidirectional if the drug can be incorporated in the upper non adhesive layer its delivery occurs into the whole oral cavity.To reduce capital investment, quite often existing but modified tablet presses are used to develop and produce such tablets. The present article explains why the production and development of quality bi-layer tablets needs to be carried out on purpose-built tablet presses to overcome common bi-layer problems, such as hardness, insufficient, layer-separation, inaccurate individual layer weight control, reduced yield, cross-contamination between the layers, etc. Using a modified tablet press may therefore not be your best approach to producing a quality bi-layer tablet under GMP-conditions. Keywords: Approaches, Bilayer tablets, OROS push pull technology, DUROS technology,immediate release, GMP requirements for bilayer tablet.
Effect of compositions in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) on skin hydration and occlusion (2012)

NLCs with high lipid content, solid lipid content, phospholipid, and lecithin are a highly effective cosmetic delivery system for cosmetic topical applications that are designed to boost skin hydration.
Digitally Controlled Oscillator for mm-Wave Frequencies (2018)

In the fifth generation of mobile communication, 5G, frequencies above 30 GHz, so-called millimeter-wave (mm-wave) frequencies are expected to play a prominent role. For the synthesis of these frequencies, the all-digital phase locked loop (ADPLL) has recently gained much attention. A core component of the ADPLL is the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO), an oscillator that tunes the frequency discretely. For good performance, the frequency steps must be made very small, while the total tuning range must be large. This thesis covers several coarse- and fine-tuning techniques for DCOs operating at mm-wave frequencies. Three previously not published fine-tuning schemes are presented: The first one tunes the second harmonic, which will, due to the Groszkowski effect, tune the fundamental tone. The second one is a current-modulation scheme, which utilizes the weak current-dependence of the capacitance of a transistor to tune the frequency. In the third one, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is connected to the bulk of the differential pair and tunes the frequency by setting the bulk voltage. The advantages and disadvantages of the presented tuning schemes are discussed and compared with previously reported fine-tuning schemes. Two oscillators were implemented at 86 GHz. Both oscillator use the same oscillator core and hence have the same power consumption and tuning range, 14.1 mW and 13.9%. A phase noise of -89.7 dBc/Hz and -111.4 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz and 10 MHz offset, respectively, were achieved, corresponding to a Figure-of-Merit of -178.5 dBc/Hz. The first oscillator is fine-tuned using a combination of a transformer-based fine-tuning and the current modulation scheme presented here. The achieved frequency resolution is 55 kHz, but can easily be made finer. The second oscillator utilizes the bulk bias technique to achieve its fine tuning. The fine-tuning resolution is here dependent on the resolution of the DAC; a 100μV resolution corresponds to a resolution of 50 kHz.
BASIC32_ADC, a front-end ASIC for SiPM detectors (2013)

BASIC32_ADC is the last version of a family of multichannel ASICs developed to read-out Silicon Photo-Multiplier detectors in medical imaging applications. With respect to the previous realizations, modifications of the analog channel structure and a different overall organization of the ASIC architecture have been adopted to solve problems which could arise when a continuous slab of scintillating crystal is read out by an array of photodetectors to extract the Depth Of Interaction (DOI) information. In fact, in this case, the detectors peripheral with respect to the center of interaction will receive a small amount of photons which do not pile up in effective way, thus producing probably a current pulse smaller than the threshold set to cut off the dark pulses. As a consequence, the related channels can be ignored in a sparse read-out acquisition, even though they are associated to a significant amount of charge. The self-triggered ASIC features 32 read-out channels, exhibits improved configuration flexibility and includes an 8-bit, two step subranging ADC. In this work we report on the design and the first characterization results of the ASIC.
Ultrathin High-Q 2-D and 3-D RF Inductors in Glass Packages (2018)

Embedded inductors in ultrathin glass substrates were modeled, designed, fabricated, and characterized. Various 2-D and 3-D topologies were explored to obtain the tradeoffs in inductance density, quality (Q) factor, size, and self-resonant frequency (SRF). Single-layer spiral inductors were modeled and designed to formulate an inductor library that is optimized for high inductance densities. These include variations in the number of turns, conductor linewidth and spacing, and the ratios of inner diameter and outer diameter of the spiral. In order to optimize the inductor topology for higher Q factors, various types of 3-D topologies with 300-μm glass were studied through modeling, fabrication, and model validation. Inductance densities, Q, and SRF were measured for various topologies. Higher inductance densities of 10-20 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a Q factor of 30-40 are obtained for spiral inductors on glass, making them more suitable for module miniaturization when Q-factor requirements are not stringent. For higher Q factors, 3-D solenoid and daisy-chain topologies are found to be more suitable in spite of their low inductance densities of 3 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , making them a better choice for applications where better channel selectivity, precise phase-switching, and lower insertion loss are needed.
Opto-thermal in vivo monitoring of sunscreens on skin (1990)

Opto-thermal transient emission radiometry (OTTER) provides a convenient means for in vivo and in situ monitoring of human or animal skin properties and surface concentrations of topically applied substances, such as drugs and cosmetics. This is illustrated with measurements on the rates of disappearance from skin of a number of commercial sunscreen preparations. The break-up of the physical structure of creams on skin can also be monitored through dynamic phase change phenomena, induced by a laser pulse.
Actin Dynamics in Development of Behavioral Sensitization After Withdrawal from Long‐Term Ethanol Administration to Mice (2012)

The findings presented here suggest that withdrawal from EtOH physical dependence causes behavioral sensitization to EtOH, which may be, at least in part, mediated by alternation of actin dynamics.