gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Smuggling essential oils into enemy biofilms (2018)

Among multidrug-resistant bacteria, the toughest ones to beat make biofilms. These films shield bacteria and stick to surface wounds like burn injuries or bed sores. As modern medicines fail against resistant bacteria, some scientists propose turning to ancient yet proven remedies: essential oils. The challenge, however, is getting the greasy oils into water-based bacterial environments. Researchers led by Vincent M. Rotello at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, engineered cross-linked poly(oxanorborneneimide) nanocomposites (X-BNCs) loaded with the essential oil carvacrol, which can be extracted from oregano. These nanocomposites smuggle the oil into biofilms grown on the surface of mouse cells (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2018, DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b03575). Within hours, the oil-soaked nanocomposites killed four pathogenic Gram-negative and Gram-positive strains of bacteria commonly found in hospitals, including two multidrug-resistant strains. The team also tested the bacteria’s ability to develop resistance to the nanocomposites. The researchers treated the bacteria with the nanocomposites until only
A method for <i>de novo</i> nucleic acid diagnostic target discovery (2014)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stochastic Transparency (2010)

Stochastic transparency provides a unified approach to order-independent transparency, antialiasing, and deep shadow maps. It augments screen-door transparency using a random sub-pixel stipple pattern, where each fragment of transparent geometry covers a random subset of pixel samples of size proportional to alpha. This results in correct alpha-blended colors on average, in a single render pass with fixed memory size and no sorting, but introduces noise. We reduce this noise by an alpha correction pass, and by an accumulation pass that uses a stochastic shadow map from the camera. At the pixel level, the algorithm does not branch and contains no read-modify-write loops, other than traditional z-buffer blend operations. This makes it an excellent match for modern massively parallel GPU hardware. Stochastic transparency is very simple to implement and supports all types of transparent geometry, able without coding for special cases to mix hair, smoke, foliage, windows, and transparent cloth in a single scene.
Involvement of HxuC Outer Membrane Protein in Utilization of Hemoglobin by <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (2001)

Haemophilus influenzae can utilize different protein-bound forms of heme for growth in vitro. A previous study from this laboratory indicated that nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) strain N182 expressed three outer membrane proteins, designated HgbA, HgbB, and HgbC, that bound hemoglobin or hemoglobin-haptoglobin and were encoded by open reading frames (ORFs) that contained a CCAA nucleotide repeat. Testing of mutants expressing the HgbA, HgbB, and HgbC proteins individually revealed that expression of any one of these proteins was sufficient to allow wild-type growth with hemoglobin. In contrast, mutants that expressed only HgbA or HgbC grew significantly better with hemoglobin-haptoglobin than did a mutant expressing only HgbB. Construction of an isogenic hgbA hgbB hgbC mutant revealed that the absence of these three gene products did not affect the ability of NTHI N182 to utilize hemoglobin as a source of heme, although this mutant was severely impaired in its ability to utilize hemoglobin-haptoglobin. The introduction of a tonB mutation into this triple mutant eliminated its ability to utilize hemoglobin, indicating that the pathway for hemoglobin utilization in the absence of HgbA, HgbB, and HgbC involved a TonB-dependent process. Inactivation in this triple mutant of the hxuC gene, which encodes a predicted TonB-dependent outer membrane protein previously shown to be involved in the utilization of free heme, resulted in loss of the ability to utilize hemoglobin. The results of this study reinforce the redundant nature of the heme acquisition systems expressed by H. influenzae.
An electrophoretic-deposited low-cost carbon nanotube (CNT) thermophotovoltaic emitter (2018)

We use electrophoresis technique to deposit a low-cost carbon nanotube (CNT) film on tantalum (Ta) for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) emitters. The initial thermal measurement of the EPD-CNT film from 200 °C-800 °C is conducted. The elimination of high-temperature CVD deposition facilitates the commercialization of TPV devices. The UV-VISNIR spectrum and high-temperature FTIR measurement are reported to assess the feasibility of EPD-CNT as a TPV emitter candidate. The planarized nature of the proposed emitter can be easily integrated with dielectric multi-layer filter for spectral shaping depending on applications.
Spherical Tin Oxide, SnO2 Particles Fabricated via Facile Hydrothermal Method for Detection of Mercury (II) Ions (2011)

Smooth-surface spherical tin oxide particles were fabricated via hydrothermal processing route. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that the particles consisted of the rutile phase of SnO2 with tetragonal structure. The spherical morphology was realized with the aid of ammonia. The aggregation of SnO2 particles could be avoided by adjusting the concentration of tin (II) chloride. Bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with the hydrothermally prepared SnO2 particles to detect the presence of mercury (II) ions (Hg2+), in the presence of potassium chloride (KCl) as a supporting electrolyte. GCE modified with the spherical SnO2 particles that possessed small crystallite size and smooth surface exhibited significantly enhanced oxidative and reductive current of Hg2+ during cyclic voltammetry compared with its bare counterpart. The reductive current was observed to increase by two fold and the detection limit of 75 nM for Hg2+ was achieved. This suggests that SnO2 particles are a promising chemical sensor for the detection of Hg2+ in natural waters.
Polymerase Chain Reaction (2019)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) underlies almost all of modern molecular cloning. Using PCR, a defined target sequence that occurs once within a DNA of high complexity and large size-an entire mammalian genome, for example-can be rapidly and selectively amplified in a quasi-exponential chain reaction that generates millions of copies. The reaction is simple to set up, cheap, and undemanding, the only requirement being some knowledge of the nucleotide sequences of the target. In addition to its simplicity, PCR is robust, speedy, flexible, and sensitive.
Caries preventive effect of high fluoride and xylitol containing dentifrices. (1992)

Dental examinations were conducted in 1987 on 520 of the 753 children who fully participated in a three-year field-trial, 1983-1986, of the anticaries effect of dentifrices containing fluoride and xylitol. The prevalence of decayed (D), missing (M) and filled (F) permanent teeth differed significantly among the five treatment groups. Caries prevalence was inversely related to the level of fluoride, 1250, 2500 and 5000 ppm, in the dentifrice used, but was not associated with the presence or absence of 15 mg percent xylitol. The age, number of children, and number of erupted teeth were unequally dispersed among treatment groups. The DMF teeth scores showed non-normal distributions and nonhomogeneous variances. Following an exploratory scrutiny, the DMFT data were transformed to normal distributions for intra- and inter-treatment-group evaluation. All groups showed positive, significant regressions of DMF scores with the age of the children and an inverse significant regression with DMFT scores in relation to the fluoride content of the dentifrice under test.
Microbial and T Cell-Derived Stimuli Regulate Antigen Presentation by Dendritic Cells In Vivo (2000)

B cells and dendritic cells (DC) internalize and degrade exogenous Ags and present them as peptides bound to MHC class II molecules for scrutiny by CD4(+) T cells. Here we use an Ab specific for a processed form of the model Ag, hen egg lysozyme (HEL), to demonstrate that this protein is not efficiently presented by lymph node DC following s.c. immunization. HEL presentation by the DC can be dramatically enhanced upon coinjection of a microbial adjuvant, which appears to act by enhancing peptide loading onto MHC class II. CD40 cross-linking or the presence of a high frequency of T cells specific for HEL can similarly improve presentation by DC in vivo. For any of these activating stimuli, CD8alpha(+) DC consistently display the highest proportion of HEL-loaded MHC class II molecules. These data indicate that exogenous Ags can be displayed to T cells in lymphoid tissues by a large cohort of resident DC whose presentation is regulated by innate and adaptive stimuli. Our data further reveal the existence of a feedback mechanism that augments Ag presentation during cognate APC-T cell interactions.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of nanometer-scale ridged aperture optical antenna (2006)

We investigate light concentration and field enhancement in nanometer-scale ridged aperture antennae. Resent numerical simulations have shown that nanoscale ridged apertures can concentrate light into nanometer domain. Most importantly, these ridge apertures also provide an optical transmission enhancement several orders of magnitude higher compared to regularly shaped nanoscale apertures. We employ the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method to design these apertures and fabricate them in thin metal films. A home-built near field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) is used to map the near-field intensity distribution of the light transmitted through these apertures. It is shown that the ridged apertures can produce a concentrated light spot far beyond the diffraction limit, with transmission enhancement orders of magnitude higher than regularly shaped apertures. Nanolithography applications of these nanoscale ridged aperture antennae are demonstrated.
Yet another user input method: Accelerometer assisted single key input (2010)

In this paper we present YAUIM - yet another user input method. YAUIM is an alternative user input mechanism to the conventional keyboard, mouse, and touch screen inputs. It utilizes the embedded accelerometer to detect device movements and tilt positions to enable user inputs. Accelerometers embedded in devices have been used to identify meaningful combinations of movements for gaming and small mobile devices for limited user input. Our goal is to design a fully functioning mechanism using only a single key along with accelerometer assisted positioning to emulate the computer keyboard and mouse functions. We propose to use the single key click to record a valid user input. We design a finite state automaton to combine two consecutive tilt positions to represent characters. We integrate a user specific vocabulary hinting system to improve the word input speed. YAUIM can serve as an innovative computer user input mechanism for regular desktop computers, small mobile devices, and special purpose applications.
A New Approximate Analytic Solution for Finite-Conductivity Vertical Fractures (1986)

Summary A new analytic solution, based on an approximate trilinear flow model, is developed to study the transient behavior of a well intercepted by a finite-conductivity vertical fracture. The solution accounts for the effects of skin, wellbore storage, and fracture storage. Both constant-pressure and constant-rate cases are considered. The solution is simple and reliable for short-time analysis. Combining this solution with a semilog asymptotic solution provides a reliable tool for analysis and formation evaluation of fractured wells. We also demonstrate that the optimization technique is a convenient means of formation parameter estimation. A set of early-time asymptotic solutions is also presented. These solutions provide qualitative and quantitative relations of the simultaneous influences of wellbore storage, fracture storage, and skin damage on early-time wellbore pressure behavior.
Teleportation of an Arbitrary Two-Atom Entangled State via Thermal Cavity (2007)

我们在场为由使用二原子的贝尔的一个任意的未知二原子的纠缠的状态的远距传物的一个试验性地可行的计划在驾驶的热洞说。在这个计划，热地和洞腐烂的效果都能被消除。而且，现在的计划根据当前的技术是可行的。
Elemental design patterns: a formal semantics for composition of OO software architecture (2004)

Design patterns are an important concept in the field of software engineering, providing a language and application independent method for expressing and conveying lessons learned by experienced designers. There is a large gap, however, between the aesthetic and elegance of the patterns as intended and the reality of working with an ultimately mathematically expressible system such as code. We describe a step towards meaningful formal analysis of code within the language of patterns, and discuss potential uses. The major contributions include: a compendium of elemental design patterns (EDPs), a layer of seemingly simplistic relationships between objects that, on closer inspection, provide a critical link between the world of formal analysis and the realm of pattern design and implementation without reducing the patterns to merely syntactic constructs; an extension to the /spl sigmav/-calculus, termed /spl rho/-calculus, a formal notation for expressing relationships between the elements of object oriented languages, and its use in expressing the EDPs directly. We discuss their use in composition and decomposition of existing patterns, identification of pattern use in existing code to aid comprehension, and future research directions, such as support for refactoring of designs, interaction with traditional code analysis systems, and the education of students of software architecture.
Reflection / Suppression Coatings For 900 - 1200 A Radiation (1989)

We describe the design and performance of multiple-layer, selective-reflection, selective-suppression coatings for the 900 - 1200 Å band. These coatings are designed to optimize both high reflectivity at a desirable wavelength and low reflectivity at an undesirable wavelength. The minimum structure for a selective coating consists of a thin metal or metal oxide layer (50 - 150 Å thickness) over an aluminum substrate protected with a semi-transparent dielectric (100 - 1000 Å. thickness). Predicted coating performance is strongly effected by varying the layer combination and thickness. Selec-tivity may be enhanced or augmented with further dielectric / metal layers. A graphical method of optimizing the coat-ing layer structure is developed. Aluminum, silicon, their oxides, and gold have been investigated as coating layer materials. We have fabricated a very simple coating with a 1026 to 1216 Å reflectivity ratio. greater than 100. Such reflection / suppression coatings may be of great utility to spaceborne EUV spectrographs. Strong background geocoronal emission lines could be rejected by use of properly coated collecting optics. By eliminating a diffraction element to reject background lines, efficiency losses and scattering may be avoided.
Applications of a Blood-Brain Barrier Technology Platform to Predict CNS Penetration of Various Chemotherapeutic Agents. 2. Cationic Peptide Vectors for Brain Delivery (2007)

Starting from small peptide vectors that enhance the brain transport coefficient, the BBB platform has made it possible to design libraries of peptide vectors with enhanced transport properties.
Facile Route to an All‐Organic, Triply Threaded, Interlocked Structure by Templated Dynamic Clipping (2012)

Verzahnte molekulare Spezies mit drei Endgruppen wurden durch die dynamische (2+3)-Aggregation eines käfigartigen Makrobicyclus um ein Trispyridinium-Ion als Gast mit π-System erhalten. Diese Komplexe werden durch π-π-Wechselwirkungen und mehrere C-H⋅⋅⋅O- und C-H⋅⋅⋅N-Wechselwirkungen stabilisiert. Nichtkomplexierte Gastmoleküle cokristallisieren mit den Komplexen, sodass Festkörper mit ausgedehnten π-Stapeln resultieren. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Object-oriented configuration management technology can improve software architectural traceability (2005)

Software development is a dynamic process where engineers constantly modify and refine their systems. As a consequence, everything evolves including designs, system's architectural structure, and implementation source code. Software evolution can easily make architectural traceability relationships between software architectural entities and corresponding source code become out of date. This paper suggests the use of object-oriented software configuration (SCM) and version management technology to manage versions of architectural structure/entities, source code, and the traceability relationships among them. The resulting architectural SCM system, MolhadoArch, always keeps architectural entities version-consistent with source code. Consistent configurations are maintained not only among source code but also with the high-level software architecture. MolhadoArch supports the management of both planned and unplanned evolution of software architecture.
GateFinder: projection-based gating strategy optimization for flow and mass cytometry (2018)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A New Selective Medium for <i>Bifidobacterium</i> spp (1999)

A new selective antibiotic-free medium for Bifidobacterium spp. is defined. This medium has lactulose as the main carbon source and includes methylene blue, propionic acid, and lithium chloride as inhibitors of some related bacterial species. The low pH of the medium contributes to the inhibition of the growth of Enterobacteriaceae. This new selective medium has a simple composition, and the level of recovery it yields is similar to those yielded by nonselective media for Bifidobacterium strains. It could thus be used for routine analysis in environmental or food microbiology.
Penetration and Shear Strength of Cement???Bone Interfaces In Vivo (1993)

Using sham replacement of the proximal femur in adult mongrel dogs, shear strength at the interface between polymethylmethacrylate bone cement and cancellous bone has been found to be linearly dependent on the depth of penetration of the cement into the bone. Shear strength at the interface was increased by 82% and penetration by 74% when distal bone plugging, pressure lavage, and pressurized insertion of cement were employed. Use of a lower-viscosity cement gave a further 18% increase in penetration and shear strength. There was no film of blood at the cement-bone interface with pressurized insertion of Simplex P and Palacos R cements.
Annealing studies of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films (1988)

I n situ electrical resistance measurements, differential thermal analysis, and x-ray diffraction studies were carried out between room temperature and 950 °C on as-grown amorphous insulating YBa2Cu3O7−x thin films. Results for the phase transformation reaction path are reported in order to optimize the post-deposition annealing process. Amorphous-to-crystalline transformations were observed at 550 °C along with a reversible orthorhombic-tetragonal transition near 670 °C. Eutectic melting above 850 °C was also noted, which restricts the maximum annealing temperature to around 850 °C.
Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric quantitative analysis of methionine-enkephalin in human pituitary tissues (1990)

Picomole amounts of endogenous methionine-enkephalin (ME = YGGFM) were quantified in 11 individual human pituitaries by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry methods. Quantification was based either upon the comparison of the molecular ion (MH+) current of endogenous ME versus the current of a deuterated ME internal standard (d5-ME) or, similarly, upon the unimolecular decomposition MH+----YGGF-+ In the first field-free region to produce the unique tetrapeptide fragment ion. The latter method used the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Native ME was purified with an octadecylsilyl (ODS) disposable cartridge and with multidimensional reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The amounts of ME determined were 18.26 +/- 19.98 ng of ME/mg of protein with the MH+ method and 15.28 +/- 16.59 ng of ME/mg of protein with the MRM method. A fraction (ca. 4%) of the total amount of ME from one pituitary was used to acquire these quantitative data, and ca. half of the remaining amount of a separate sample (no d5-ME added) was used to obtain a linked scan at constant B/E (B, magnetic field; E, electric field) of the ME MH+ at 574 u to produce the amino acid sequence determining fragment ions at m/z 297, 354, 411, 397, 278, and 425 u corresponding to Y2", Y3", Y4", A4, B3, and B4, respectively. That product ion spectrum was similar to a scan of 100 ng of synthetic ME. We calculated that the amount of pentapeptide for the MRM experiments corresponded to a total of 30 ng (52 pmol) of ME on the probe tip during quantification. On the other hand, we estimated that 3 times more, or 90 ng (156 pmol), ME was on the probe tip during acquisition of the product ion spectrum.
Functional electrical stimulation with surface electrodes (2008)

The review investigates the objective evidences of benefits derived from surface functional electrical stimulation (FES) of lower and upper extremities for people after incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) and stroke. FES can offer noticeable benefits in walking ability. It can be efficiently combined with treadmill and body weight support. Voluntary muscle strength and endurance gain can be achieved through FES assisted gait training together with increased gait velocity in absence of electrical stimulator. Cyclic FES, FES augmented by biofeedback, and FES used in various daily activities can result in substantial improvements of the voluntary control of upper extremities.
Aquinas' Metaphysics of the Incarnation (2002)

Abstract Stump presents Aquinas's interpretation of the metaphysics of the incarnation—his attempt to make sense out of a theological doctrine bequeathed to him as a traditional and central part of Christian belief. This chapter aims to clarify and support both his understanding of doctrine and his metaphysics. Stump begins by laying out the parts of Aquinas's metaphysics, which are particularly important for the doctrine of the incarnation. Then she turns to his interpretation of the doctrine itself. She is concerned particularly with the way in which Aquinas understands the Chalcedonian formula, the resources, which his interpretation of the formula has for handling familiar objections to the doctrine of the incarnation, and the view of the mind(s) of Christ to which his interpretation is committed.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF 6H‐DIBENZO(B,D)PYRAN‐6‐ONE (1977)

Abstract Synthesis of Substituted 6H‐Dibenzo[b,d]pyran‐6‐ones.
Variable Pallet Pick-Up for Automatic Guided Vehicles in Industrial Environments (2006)

This paper presents two laser scanner based approaches to locate and pick-up pallets with the aim of automating forklift trucks. In contrast to camera based systems our approaches are independent of luminance conditions which can be highly variable in industrial environments. Whereas one approach uses pallets modified with adhesive reflectors which enables very flexible handling of pallets, the second approach detects pallets based on geometric characteristics without any modifications to the environment. Experimental results are also reported including a run of an autonomous fork-lift truck presented at the logistics fair CeMAT 2005 in Hannover.
Residual Echo and Noise Suppression (2004)

This chapter includes the following topics: Basics Suppression of Residual Echoes Suppression of Background Noise Combining Background Noise and Residual Echo Suppression