gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatment of mercury containing waste (2023)

A process is provided for the treatment of mercury containing waste in a single reaction vessel which includes a) stabilizing the waste with sulfur polymer cement under an inert atmosphere to form a resulting mixture and b) encapsulating the resulting mixture by heating the mixture to form a molten product and casting the molten product as a monolithic final waste form. Additional sulfur polymer cement can be added in the encapsulation step if needed, and a stabilizing additive can be added in the process to improve the leaching properties of the waste form.
Specific gene probe for detection of biotyped and serotyped Listeria strains (1989)

A total of 284 strains of Listeria, including all known serovars and biovars together with Listeria grayi and Listeria murrayi, were biotyped and serotyped. Biotyping and serotyping could be done in 2 days. A gene probe encoding a delayed hypersensitivity factor (DTH) was used in the detection of pathogenic biotypes and serotypes of the tested strains. The gene was found in all 117 tested Listeria monocytogenes strains of serogroups 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a, 3b, 3c, 4c, 4d, 4e, 4ab, and 7. It was also present in Listeria ivanovii. Of 78 L. monocytogenes strains of serogroup 4b, 77 strains contained the gene, whereas it was absent in all 10 tested L. monocytogenes strains of serogroup 4a. Furthermore, the gene was absent in Listeria seeligeri, L. grayi, L. murrayi, and L. innocua of serogroups 3c, 4b, and 6a and in L. welshimeri of serogroups 1/2b, 3b, 6a, and 6b. Since L. monocytogenes and L. ivanovii are the only two biotypes of the genus Listeria considered pathogens, the data obtained indicate that the DNA probe tested may be a useful tool in the detection of virulent Listeria isolates in clinical, environmental, and food samples.
Performance, Power, and Reliability Tradeoffs of STT-RAM Cell Subject to Architecture-Level Requirement (2011)

Large switching current and long switching time have significantly limited the adoption of spin-transfer torque random access memory (STT-RAM). Technology scaling, moreover, makes it very challenging to reduce the switching current while maintaining the reliability of magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) to be similar to that of the earlier generations. In this work, we shall exploit a key insight that in the most on-chip caches where STT-RAM is most likely to be deployed, the lifespan of the data stored in the memory cells is much shorter than the data retention time requirement assumed in STT-RAM development, namely, 4~10 years. We also quantitatively investigated the possibility of trading off MTJ nonvolatility for improved switching performance, e.g., the switching time and/or current, under architectural level guidance. We further proposed and evaluated a hybrid memory design technique that partitions the on-chip STT-RAM cache into two parts with different nonvolatility performances so as to better fit the diverse retention time requirements of different data sets.
Single-Labeled Oligonucleotides Showing Fluorescence Changes upon Hybridization with Target Nucleic Acids (2018)

Sequence-specific detection of nucleic acids has been intensively studied in the field of molecular diagnostics. In particular, the detection and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) is crucial for the identification of disease-causing genes and diagnosis of diseases. Sequence-specific hybridization probes, such as molecular beacons bearing the fluorophore and quencher at both ends of the stem, have been developed to enable DNA mutation detection. Interestingly, DNA mutations can be detected using fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes with only one fluorophore. This review summarizes recent research on single-labeled oligonucleotide probes that exhibit fluorescence changes after encountering target nucleic acids, such as guanine-quenching probes, cyanine-containing probes, probes containing a fluorophore-labeled base, and microenvironment-sensitive probes.
[Expression of lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase and/or apoA-I mediated by recombinant adeno-associated virus in myogenic cells]. (2002)

Lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) is the major enzyme producing most plasma cholesterol esters(CE) and a key participant in the process of reverse cholesterol transfer (RCT). The aim of this research is to co-express LCAT and it's natural activator apoA-I, with the recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors in the skeletal muscle cells, in order to pave a new way for gene therapy of the primary or secondary LCAT deficiency. 293T cells was cotransfected with pDG and rAAVAIL/rAAVL plasmids to produce infectious rAAV, and non-ionic iodixanol gradient centrifugation, followed by heparin affinity chromatography, were performed for separation, purification and concentration of rAAV. The particle numbers of rAAV, assayed by dot blot, were 7 x 10(14)/L (rAAVAIL) and 1 x 10(14)/L (rAAVL). These vectors were then transduced into C2C12 myoblasts. The results of ELISA and Western blot for human apoA-I, and [3H]-cholesterol-labeled radiochemical methods for LCAT activity, showed that the expression of human apoA-I cDNA and/or human LCAT cDNA in transduced C2C12 cells lasted for 30 days, even after myoblasts were differentiated into myotubes. PCR products for the transgene indicated the long-term persistence of transduced vector sequences. The results indicate that the methods used for production and purification of rAAV is efficient, and rAAV vector mediated the expression and secretion of LCAT and apoA-I gene in C2C12 myoblasts successfully. It suggests that the use of rAAV vectors mediating the high efficiency, long-term expression of human LCAT cDNA and/or apoA-I cDNA in skeletal muscle in vivo can be a safe and fesible strategy for the gene therapy of LCAT deficiency.
Enhanced Four Video-Outputs Backscattered Electron Detector (AsB4) Enabling Live 3D Sample Surface Modeling (3DSM) Even Under Very High Gain Conditions (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Colonic Abnormalities in Manitoban Children with <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Gastritis (2018)

Our study may suggest a possible association between <i>H. pylori</i> and a subset of colonic changes in children.
Message passing in distributed wireless networks (2009)

In distributed wireless networks, nodes often do not know the topology (network size, connectivity and the channel gains) of the network. Thus, they cannot compute their own maximum transmission rate and appropriate transmission scheme. In this paper, we address the inter-related problems of learning the network and the associated best achievable rates. To make progress, we will focus on K-user deterministic interference networks. First, we propose a message passing algorithm which allows nodes to incrementally learn the network topology. In each round of message passing, nodes forward what they believe is the new information to their neighbors and thus the network topology information trickles via broadcasts. Next, we consider two special examples of Z-channel and double-Z interference network and determine the sum-rate points with incomplete network information at different nodes. We show that the sum-rate point can in fact be achieved with less than full information at all the nodes but in general, less network information implies reduced set of achievable rates. In order to analyze the performance of a double-Z interference network with limited information, we find the capacity region of a deterministic double-Z interference network with full information, which is of independent interest.
UPPER BOUNDS FOR SUBPERMANENTS OF NONNEGATIVE MATRICES (1995)

For an $n \times n$ matrix $A = [a_{ij}]$, the permanent of A, per A, is defined by $$ per(A) = \sum_{\sigma}{a_{1 \simga(1)} \cdots a_{n \sigma(n)}}, $$ where $\sigma$ runs over all permutations of ${1,\cdots,n}.
Prospect of Recording Technologies for Higher Storage Performance (2011)

With the progress of information technology (IT), we need more advanced storage devices to accommodate the unprecedented expansion of information and the rapidly changing IT environment. Magnetic and optical recording storage devices, such as hard disk drive (HDD) and optical disk drive (ODD), are the best candidates for satisfying these demands and requirements. For 10 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> HDD magnetic recording, we need to develop several advanced and innovative technologies related to the head disk interface (HDI), head/media, servo, and signal processing in current perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR). And, several new read/write mechanisms, such as heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) and bit-patterned media (BPM), are being investigated by many researchers at several institutes around the world. In optical data storage, the page-based holographic data storage system (HDSS) and micro-HDSS are expected to achieve a higher user capacity with beyond terabyte. The near field recording (NFR) system was developed to confirm the feasibility of achieving a multiple terabyte capacity, and currently, through the application of NF nanogap servo system using a flexible media, it is possible to enhance the recording density and data transfer rate together.
Comparison of Economic Diplomacy Management in Europe (2013)

The article deals with the very topical issue, with economic diplomacy. For small to medium-sized economies such as the Czech Republic, a system of its management, priority setting and achieving goals, represents a key element for the functioning of the whole economy. Need for a deeper focus on economic diplomacy was also caused by the recent developments in the world economy, which is increasingly reflected in the phenomenon of globalization. Economic relations among countries are becoming more complex and actors gain an increasingly important role in international economic relations (eg. international organizations, NGOs, transnational corporations) and the states had definitively ceased to be the only actors on issues of world economy. In the CR, there are bottlenecks in management and institutional structure of economic diplomacy. From the above-mentioned reasons, the theme of the article was focused on comparison of other states (Austria, Germany, Finland and France).
Expression Profiles and Physiological Roles of Two Types of Molecular Chaperonins from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon <i>Thermococcus kodakarensis</i> (2008)

Thermococcus kodakarensis possesses two chaperonins, CpkA and CpkB, and their expression is induced by the downshift and upshift, respectively, of the cell cultivation temperature. The expression levels of the chaperonins were examined by using specific antibodies at various cell growth temperatures in the logarithmic and stationary phases. At 60 degrees C, CpkA was highly expressed in both the logarithmic and stationary phases; however, CpkB was not expressed in either phase. At 85 degrees C, CpkA and CpkB were expressed in both phases; however, the CpkA level was decreased in the stationary phase. At 93 degrees C, CpkA was expressed only in the logarithmic phase and not in the stationary phase. In contrast, CpkB was highly expressed in both phases. The results of reverse transcription-PCR experiments showed the same growth phase- and temperature-dependent profiles as observed in immunoblot analyses, indicating that the expression of cpkA and cpkB is regulated at the mRNA level. The cpkA or cpkB gene disruptant was then constructed, and its growth profile was monitored. The cpkA disruptant showed poor cell growth at 60 degrees C but no significant defects at 85 degrees C and 93 degrees C. On the other hand, cpkB disruption led to growth defects at 93 degrees C but no significant defects at 60 degrees C and 85 degrees C. These data indicate that CpkA and CpkB are necessary for cell growth at lower and higher temperatures, respectively. The logarithmic-phase-dependent expression of CpkA at 93 degrees C suggested that CpkA participates in initial cell growth in addition to lower-temperature adaptation. Promoter mapping and quantitative analyses using the Phr (Pyrococcus heat-shock regulator) gene disruptant revealed that temperature-dependent expression was achieved in a Phr-independent manner.
Froth Flotation of Iron Ores (2012)

With the depleting reserves of high-grade iron ore in the world, froth flotation has become increasingly important to process intermediate- and low-grade iron ore in an attempt to meet the rapidly growing demand on the international market. In over half a centuryâs practice in the iron ore industry, froth flotation has been established as an efficient method to remove impurities from iron ore. In this chapter, the industrial practice and fundamental research activities of iron ore flotation are reviewed. The latest innovations in iron ore flotation at major iron ore operations around the world are introduced. The development of flotation routes from direct anionic flotation to reverse cationic flotation, and the rising of reverse anionic flotation in China in recent years is discussed. Although direct anionic flotation was the first flotation route employed in the iron ore industry, it was later largely replaced by the more efficient reverse cationic flotation route. The application of reverse anionic flotation in China in recent years effectively overcomes some flaws of reverse cationic flotation such as high reagent cost and high metal loss in desliming. The reagents used in iron ore flotation, including starch, amines and fatty acids, and the mechanisms of their interactions with the minerals in iron ore are examined. The presence of some specific impurities other than quartz in iron ore, such as alumina containing minerals, i.e. kaolinite and gibbsite, and phosphorous, is detrimental and attracts penalties. The removal of these specific impurities has received increasing attention in the iron ore industry. The industrial practice and latest research activities in this area are closely reviewed.
Revised Phase Diagram of the System ZrO <sub>2</sub> ‐CeO <sub>2</sub> Below 1400°C (1983)

The phase diagram of the system ZrO 2 ‐CeO 2 was rein‐vestigated using hydrothermal techniques. Cubic, tetragonal, and monoclinic solid solutions are present in this system. The tetragonal solid solution decomposes to monoclinic and cubic solid solutions by a eutectoid reaction at 1050°50°C. The solubility limits of the tetragonal and cubic solid solutions are about 18 and 70 mol% CeO 2 , respectively, at 1400°C, and about 16 and 80 mol% CeO 2 , respectively, at 1200°C. Solubility limits of the monoclinic and cubic solid solutions are about 1.5 and 88 mol% CeO 2 at 1000°C, and 1.5 and 98 mol% CeO 2 at 800°C, respectively. The compound Ce 2 Zr 3 O 10 is not found in this system.
Time-dependent diffusion coefficient as a probe of the permeability of the pore wall (2003)

The time dependence of the mean-square displacement (or equivalently of the diffusion coefficient) in the presence of a permeable barrier can be used as a probe of the surface-to-volume ratio and permeability of a membrane. An exact, universal, short-time asymptotics in a pack of cells, assuming that the surfaces are locally smooth, shows that the effects of nonzero permeability appear as a correction to the diffusion coefficient that is linear in time, whereas the surface-to-volume ratio enters as a square root in time. With κ as the permeability of the membrane, we find, for the particles released inside the cells, DR,eff(t)=DR[1−(SR/VR){4DRt/(9π)−κtDL(DL+DR)/(6DR)}]+⋯ . Here DR and DL are free (i.e., bulk) diffusion coefficients inside and outside of the cell, respectively, and SR/VR is the total internal surface divided by the total internal cell volume. The other terms linear in t that add to the right side of above equation are DR(SR/VR)[(1/6)ρt−(1/12)DRt〈(1/R1+1/R2)〉R], where ρ is a surface relaxation, which is generally negligible in biological samples, and 〈(1/R1+1/R2)〉R is the average of the principal radii of curvatures over the interior surface. An equivalent expression for the particles starting outside the cell is obtained by swapping L↔R. The NMR data on erthrocytes show that the effect of permeability can be significant within the time scales of measurement and hence κ is deducible from the data. The long-time behavior given previously [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 1229 (1994)] is augmented by giving a nonuniversal form that includes the rate of approach to this limit.
Efficient and Extensible Quasi-Explicit Modular Nonlinear Multiscale Battery Model: GH-MSMD (2017)

Complex physics and long computation time hinder the adoption of computer aided engineering models in the design of largeformat battery cells and systems. A modular, efficient battery simulation model-the multiscale multidomain (MSMD) model-was previously introduced to aid the scale-up of Li-ion material & electrode designs to complete cell and pack designs, capturing electrochemical interplay with 3-D electronic current pathways and thermal response. This paper enhances the computational efficiency of the MSMD model using a separation of time-scales principle to decompose model field variables. The decomposition provides a quasi-explicit linkage between the multiple length-scale domains and thus reduces time-consuming nested iteration when solving model equations across multiple domains. In addition to particle-, electrode-and cell-length scales treated in the previous work, the present formulation extends to bus bar-and multi-cell module-length scales. Example simulations are provided for several variants of GH electrode-domain models.
SAXON SUPERSTITION: REMEDIES—WITCHES—WEATHER—MAKERS (2011)

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Sensitive and specific miRNA detection method using SplintR Ligase (2016)

We describe a simple, specific and sensitive microRNA (miRNA) detection method that utilizes Chlorella virus DNA ligase (SplintR(®) Ligase). This two-step method involves ligation of adjacent DNA oligonucleotides hybridized to a miRNA followed by real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). SplintR Ligase is 100X faster than either T4 DNA Ligase or T4 RNA Ligase 2 for RNA splinted DNA ligation. Only a 4-6 bp overlap between a DNA probe and miRNA was required for efficient ligation by SplintR Ligase. This property allows more flexibility in designing miRNA-specific ligation probes than methods that use reverse transcriptase for cDNA synthesis of miRNA. The qPCR SplintR ligation assay is sensitive; it can detect a few thousand molecules of miR-122. For miR-122 detection the SplintR qPCR assay, using a FAM labeled double quenched DNA probe, was at least 40× more sensitive than the TaqMan assay. The SplintR method, when coupled with NextGen sequencing, allowed multiplex detection of miRNAs from brain, kidney, testis and liver. The SplintR qPCR assay is specific; individual let-7 miRNAs that differ by one nucleotide are detected. The rapid kinetics and ability to ligate DNA probes hybridized to RNA with short complementary sequences makes SplintR Ligase a useful enzyme for miRNA detection.
Reliable GaN-Based THz Gunn Diodes With Side-Contact and Field-Plate Technologies (2020)

For the first time, Gallium Nitride(GaN)-based Gunn diodes with side-contact and fieldplate technologies were fabricated and measured with reliable characteristics. A high negative differential resistance (NDR) region was characterised for the GaN Gunn effect using side-contact technology. The I-V measurement of the THz diode showed the ohmic and the Gunn effect region with high forward current of 0.65 A and high current drop of approximately 100 mA for a small ring diode width w <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> of 1.5 μm with 600 nm effective diode height h <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> at a small threshold voltage of 8.5 V. This THz diode worked stable due to good passivation as protection from electro-migration and ionisation between the electrodes as well as a better heat sink to the GaN substrate and large side-contacts. The diodes can provide for this thickness a fundamental frequency in the range of 0.3 - 0.4 THz with reliable characteristics.
Online Identification of Stator Transient Inductance in Rotor-Flux-Oriented Induction Motor Drive (2007)

In a rotor-flux-oriented induction motor drive, stator transient inductance is varied with the change of operating conditions. If the stator transient inductance is not tuned, the field orientation cannot be obtained. As a result, q-axis rotor flux does not become zero, and the performance is deteriorated. This paper shows the problems caused by the detuning of stator transient inductance and proposes a simple online tuning scheme of stator transient inductance for an indirect rotor flux-oriented induction motor drive. Stator transient inductance is estimated only by stator voltage and stator current. The proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Refinery gas waste heat energy conversion optimization in gas turbines (1996)

Utilization of refinery fuel gas in gas turbines poses special challenges due to the combustion characteristics of the fuel gas which contains significant concentrations of hydrogen. Proper modifications to the combustion system of the existing gas turbines are required in order to combust such fuel gas streams in gas turbines while minimizing the NO{sub x} emissions. A novel approach to the utilization of this hydrogen bearing fuel gas in gas turbines consists of humidifying the fuel gas with water vapor by direct contact with hot water in a counter-current column, the feed water to the humidifier being first circulated through the refinery to recover waste heat. The refinery waste heat produces additional motive fluid with a result that the waste heat is converted to power in the gas turbine. Furthermore, the water vapor introduced into the fuel gas reduces the NO{sub x} formation and increases the gas turbine output, while the hydrogen present in the fuel gas provides the flame stability required when combusting a fuel gas containing a large concentration of water vapor.
중국 빅데이터 거래에 관한 법적 고찰 -정보법을 중심으로- (2018)

정보기술과 경제사회의 융합으로 인하여 빅데이터는 급속히 발전하였다. 중국정보통 신연구원에서 조사 및 발표한 결과에 따르면 2017년 중국 빅데이터 산업의 총 규모가 4700억 위안에 달하며, 전년 동기 대비 약 30% 증가하였다. 빅데이터 산업이 새로운 경제 성장 엔진이되고 있으며 정보산업 미래의 패턴에 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 판단된다. 빅데이터 거래가 왕성하게 발전하고 있지만 빅데이터 관련된 단독입법이 아직 미비된 실정이며, 실무상 , , , , 정보보호 관련 법률에 의하여 빅데이터 거래를 규율하고 있다.
본문은 중국의 빅데이터 거래에 대한 법적 근거를 제시하기 위하여 빅데이터 거래소, 빅데이터 거래상품의 종류 그리고 빅데이터 거래과련 법규, 빅데이터 거래소규칙에 대한 내용을 소개하였다. 또한 빅데이터의 귀속문제에 있어서 명시적인 규정은 없으나 실무상 가공된 데이터에 대하여는 약정이 있는 경우 약정에 의하며, 약정이 없는 경우 해당 데이터는 가공(조성)한 자에게 귀속되는 것으로 판단하고 있다. 빅데이터 유통에 있어서, 정보수집자는 개인으로부터 정보를 수집할 경우 해당 정보의 사용방식, 목적, 범위를 명시하고 피수집자의 동의를 받아야한다. 그리고 본문의 마지막부분에는 빅데이터와 관련된 판례 2편을 검토하였다. 판결요지에 따르면 허가 없이 타인이 합법적으로 수집한 빅데이터를 이용할 경우 부정경쟁행위에 해당된다. 또한 cookie 사건에서는 개인 정보 이용에 있어서 프라이버시권침해 기준을 확립하였다.