gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sequence Analysis at IS1 Insertion Sites: Models for Transposition (1979)

Transposable elements are distinct DNA segments that can move from one site to another in bacterial or phage genomes. This transposition is site-specific with respect to the terminal sequences of the element and does not require the bacterial recA function. Integrations of the simplest of these elements, the 770-bp element, IS1, have been analyzed by nucleotide sequencing techniques (Calos et al. 1978; Grindley 1978). These studies demonstrated that insertion of IS1 at a number of sites in Escherichia coli DNA resulted in duplication of a 9-bp sequence that was present once in the wild-type sequence; a copy of this 9-bp sequence appears in the same orientation at each end of the inserted element.
The open abdomen: temporary closure with a modified negative pressure therapy technique (2014)

The most common indications for an open abdomen (OA) are abdominal compartment syndrome, damage control surgery, diffuse peritonitis and wound dehiscence, and often require a temporary abdominal closure (TAC). The different TAC methods that are currently available include skin closure techniques, mesh products and negative pressure therapy (NPT) systems. For this study, we retrospectively reviewed records of 115 OA patients treated with the commercially available NPT systems (V.A.C.(®) Abdominal Dressing System and ABThera™ Open Abdomen Negative Pressure Therapy System) using a new method of applying the system - the narrowing technique - over a 5-year period. Endpoints included fascial closure and 30-day mortality rates and presence of enteroatmospheric fistulas. Secondary closure of the fascia was obtained in 92% (106/115) of the patients with a mortality rate of 17% (20/115) and a fistula rate of 3·5% (4/115). The use of the narrowing technique to apply NPT may explain the high closure rates observed in the patient population of this study. Further studies are necessary to compare the different methods and to evaluate the long-term outcomes.
Passive charge redistribution digital‐to‐analogue multiplier (2015)

A digital‐to‐analogue multiplier based on the principle of passive charge sharing and redistribution is proposed. The circuit generates a voltage proportional to the multiplier, then samples this voltage with a capacitance proportional to the multiplicand by discharging the capacitance associated with its logical inverse. Parasitic capacitances are shown to result in an input‐referred offset with respect to the multiplier. The switching scheme is modified to null the offset. Simulation results are provided to verify the operation of the digital‐to‐analogue multiplier.
Microbending characterisation of optical fibres from artificially induced deformation (1989)

Microbending loss calculations for (single-coated) singlemode fibres are performed using the theory of linear load distributions on semi-infinite spaces to include the buffer effect of the coating. Together with the inclusion of photoelasticity this method significantly improves the agreement between calculated and measured results. Practical consequences for measurement methods are discussed.
Measurement results and modeling aspects for the UWB radio channel (2002)

We report on ultra-wideband (UWB) indoor channel measurements we have performed for several scenarios in an office building. Results are presented regarding the multipath decay supporting the applicability of the widely assumed exponential decay in a single cluster case, and show some results for a two-cluster situation caused by in-building back reflection. The frequency dependent decay of the channel gain with increasing frequencies is discussed in some detail regarding the competition between a power and a polynomial law. We present a power law for received power versus distance in a corridor environment and finally suggest some modifications allowing to adapt well known propagation model elements.
Berberine, a potential drug for trachoma. (1992)

The clinical serological response to topical treatment of trachoma with Berberine an indigenous drug has been studied in 32 microbiologically confirmed cases. Efficacy of Berberine 0.2% when compared to sulfacetamide 20% was found to be superior in both the clinical course of trachoma and in achieving a fall in the serum antibody titers (P < 0.05) against chlamydia trachomatis in the treated patients.
A Confocal Endoscope for Cellular Imaging (2015)

Since its inception, endoscopy has aimed to establish an immediate diagnosis that is virtually consistent with a histologic diagnosis. In the past decade, confocal laser scanning microscopy has been brought into endoscopy, thus enabling in vivo microscopic tissue visualization with a magnification and resolution comparable to that obtained with the ex vivo microscopy of histological specimens. The major challenge in the development of instrumentation lies in the miniaturization of a fiber-optic probe for microscopic imaging with micron-scale resolution. Here, we present the design and construction of a confocal endoscope based on a fiber bundle with 1.4-μm lateral resolution and 8-frames per second (fps) imaging speed. The fiber-optic probe has a diameter of 2.6 mm that is compatible with the biopsy channel of a conventional endoscope. The prototype of a confocal endoscope has been used to observe epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tracts of mice and will be further demonstrated in clinical trials. In addition, the confocal endoscope can be used for translational studies of epithelial function in order to monitor how molecules work and how cells interact in their natural environment.
SimCSE: Simple Contrastive Learning of Sentence Embeddings (2021)

This paper presents SimCSE, a simple contrastive learning framework that greatly advances the state-of-the-art sentence embeddings. We first describe an unsupervised approach, which takes an input sentence and predicts itself in a contrastive objective, with only standard dropout used as noise. This simple method works surprisingly well, performing on par with previous supervised counterparts. We find that dropout acts as minimal data augmentation and removing it leads to a representation collapse. Then, we propose a supervised approach, which incorporates annotated pairs from natural language inference datasets into our contrastive learning framework, by using "entailment" pairs as positives and "contradiction" pairs as hard negatives. We evaluate SimCSE on standard semantic textual similarity (STS) tasks, and our unsupervised and supervised models using BERT base achieve an average of 76.3% and 81.6% Spearman's correlation respectively, a 4.2% and 2.2% improvement compared to previous best results. We also show-both theoretically and empirically-that contrastive learning objective regularizes pre-trained embeddings' anisotropic space to be more uniform, and it better aligns positive pairs when supervised signals are available. 1
Different responses of rat liver adenosine metabolizing enzymes during <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i> treatment with interferon‐α2b (1998)

Interferon-alpha 2b (IFN-alpha 2b) can exert antiproliferative activity in both normal and malignant liver tissue. To study mechanisms of its antiproliferative action, the activity of the enzymes of adenosine metabolism were investigated. We studied 5'-nucleotidase (an adenosine-producing enzyme) and adenosine deaminase (involved in adenosine degradation). Female Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were treated with IFN-alpha 2b for 48 h, as were adult rats (3 months old) and adult rats subjected to partial hepatectomy. During IFN-alpha 2b administration, the activity of 5'-nucleotidase increased in the liver of 3-week-old rats, proportionately more than in adult rats, but the greatest increase was seen in partially hepatectomised rats. The activity of adenosine deaminase decreased in the liver of 3-week-old rats, did not change significantly in 3-month-old rats, but was significantly lower in partially hepatectomised rats. As high adenosine concentrations are toxic for mammalian cells, especially during proliferation, the progressive increase of adenosine production, together with the progressive decrease of its degradation, could be one of the mechanisms of IFN-alpha 2b-induced antiproliferative activity. In vitro studies were performed using collagenase-isolated hepatocytes. They were exposed to IFN-alpha 2b, a cAMP analogue, or both. The incubation of hepatocytes with IFN-alpha 2b did not significantly change the activity of both enzymes, whereas incubation with the cAMP analogue decreased 5'-nucleotidase activity and increased adenosine deaminase activity. The mechanism of IFN-alpha 2b-induced alteration in adenosine metabolism is therefore unclear.
Gas contrast guided needle biopsy of the head of the pancreas. (1980)

Localization of the pancreatic head for biopsy under fluoroscopy was accomplished using carbon dioxide-producing pills. This technique proved useful when other modalities were unsuccessful. Gas can be a useful contrast agent for localization, has no side effects, and causes little interference with further procedures. A case report is presented.
Cotargeting survival signaling pathways in cancer (2008)

During the preparation of the manuscript, PDK1 was incorrectly defined in the Figure The correct definition is phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1.
Characteristics of Leaky Surface Acoustic Waves Propagating on LiNbO<sub> 3</sub> and LiTaO<sub> 3</sub> Substrates (1995)

Two types of leaky waves are obtained in this paper. They are the first leaky wave, whose phase velocity is between those of slow and fast shear waves, and the second leaky waves, whose phase velocity is greater than that of the fast shear wave. The characteristics of leaky waves propagating on LiNbO 3 and LiTaO 3 substrates are theoretically investigated by changing cut angles and propagating directions. Propagation loss of the first leaky wave for an electrically open surface becomes almost zero at φ=20, 40, 80, 100, 140 and 160° on ( φ, 90°, 0°)-cut LiNbO 3 substrate, and K 2 is 16.2% at these cuts. Phase velocities of the second leaky waves propagating on (90°, 90°, ψ )-cut LiTaO 3 and LiNbO 3 substrates are twice as fast as those of Rayleigh waves, and electromechanical coupling coefficient ( K 2 ) of 2.14% is obtained at ψ=31° on the LiTaO 3 substrate. Propagation losses of both electrically open and short surfaces are almost zero at ψ=164° on the LiTaO 3 substrate. K 2 of as high as 12.9% is obtained at ψ=36° on the LiNbO 3 substrate. Propagation losses of both electrically open and short surfaces are almost zero at ψ=163° on the LiNbO 3 substrate.
Using smart card data to extract passenger's spatio-temporal density and train's trajectory of MRT system (2012)

Rapid tranit systems are the most important public transportation service modes in many large cities around the world. Hence, its service reliability is of high importance for government and transit agencies. Despite taking all the necessary precautions, disruptions cannot be entirely prevented but what transit agencies can do is to prepare to respond to failure in a timely and effective manner. To this end, information about daily travel demand patterns are crucial to develop efficient failure response strategies. To the extent of urban computing, smart card data offers us the opportunity to investigate and understand the demand pattern of passengers and service level from transit operators.
Purification and characterisation of acetolactate decarboxylase from<i>Leuconostoc lactis</i>NCW1 (2001)

A two-step strategy involving DEAE-cellulose and POROS PI anion exchange chromatography has been developed for rapid purification of acetolactate decarboxylase (ALD) from Leuconostoc lactis NCW1. This results in 5333-fold purification with a yield of 30%. Purified ALD is a dimer of 49-kDa subunits, has a pH optimum of 6.0, a pI of 4.2 and its activity is independent of metals or branched chain amino acids. At the optimum pH, the K(m) for 2-acetolactate (ALA) was found to be 1.3 mM and the turnover number was 4000 min(-1). N-terminal sequence comparison with other ALDs showed little sequence conservation in this region. Purified ALD does not catalyse direct production of diacetyl from ALA, unlike the crude extract.
Application of Surveying and Mapping and Digital Technology (2018)

With the continuous development of the entire economy, society, and science and technology, the entire earth surveying and mapping technology is also constantly upgrading and developing. With the deepening of digitization, the development of digital surveying and mapping technology has gradually strengthened. Geographical surveying and mapping work plays an important role in the socio-economic development of the entire country and region. The essence and connotation of digital surveying and mapping technology is to serve geographic space and digital technology, and gradually develop to all aspects and deeper disciplines. In the surveying and mapping work, it is necessary to gradually improve the management of the entire digital surveying and mapping technology, continuously improve the service capabilities, and develop the entire surveying and mapping technology to a higher level.
Interference-aware multi-user relay selection scheme in cooperative relay networks (2013)

In cooperative relay networks with multiple users and multiple potential relays, which relay nodes are selected has great impact on the system performance. It is an optimization problem for selecting suitable relay nodes. The exhaustive search can solve this problem but the complexity will increase factorially with the network size, i.e., the number of users and the number of relays in the network. In this paper, we formulate both single-objective and multi-objective relay selection problems. For single-objective relay selection problem, only system throughput or fairness is considered. A novel quantum particle swarm optimization (QPSO) based relay selection scheme is proposed. For multi-objective relay selection problem, two contradictive objectives, i.e., system throughput and fairness are considered simultaneously. A novel non-dominated sorting quantum particle swarm optimization (NSQPSO) based relay selection scheme is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed relay selection schemes have the ability to search global optimal solution but have less computational complexity compared with exhaustive search.
Vehicle-Controlled, Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Sustained-Release Dexamethasone Intracanalicular Insert in a Chronic Allergen Challenge Model (2017)

This Phase 2 study demonstrated preliminary efficacy and safety data of Dextenza for treatment of allergic conjunctivitis.
Junction strategies for 1x nm technology node with FINFET and high mobility channel (2012)

Junction strategies for FINFETs and high mobility channel devices in 1× nm node are discussed. Doping conformality and doping damage control are the keys for high performance scaled FINFETs. Damage-less conformal fin doping can be provided by Self Regulatory Plasma Doping (SRPD) process, based on radical absorption in low energy plasma and subsequent drive-in anneal. SRPD demonstrates 20% I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> gain as compared to an ion implantation reference. The Implant Free Quantum Well (IFQW) device, featuring high mobility QW channel and doped epi raised Source/Drain (rSD), is one of the most promising device architectures for high mobility channel devices. Carrier confinement in QW channel enables good short channel control without halo, which in turn leads to reduced variability. Doped epi rSD enables low temperature junction anneal that maintains high channel mobility. SiGe IFQW device with eSiGe epi SD shows very high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> of 1.28mA/μm at I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 160nA/μm at gate length/width of 30nm/0.16μm.
Real-time path planning for a robot arm in changing environments (2010)

We present a practical strategy for real-time path planning for articulated robot arms in changing environments by integrating PRM for Changing Environments with 3D sensor data. Our implementation on Care-O-Bot 3 identifies bottlenecks in the algorithm and introduces new methods that solve the overall task of detecting obstacles and planning a path around them in under 100 ms. A fast planner is necessary to enable the robot to react to quickly changing human environments. We have tested our implementation in real-world experiments where a human subject enters the manipulation area, is detected and safely avoided by the robot. This capability is critical for future applications in automation and service robotics where humans will work closely with robots to jointly perform tasks.
Single-chip color camera using a frame-transfer CCD (1985)

The feasibility of a color-encoding scheme based upon a symmetric shift pattern with a frame-transfer CCD has been demonstrated. The color mosaic filters were fabricated by etching uniform filter blanks, and single-chip color imagers were produced by applying these filters to commercially available b/w CCD's. Two different demultiplexing schemes were evaluated experimentally, and a prototype camera with excellent low-light-level performance was demonstrated; for surveillance and consumer applications, usable pictures with good color separation were obtained at light levels below 3 lx.
Cross-Granularity Attention Network for Semantic Segmentation (2019)

Despite the remarkable progress of semantic segmentation in recent years, much remains to be addressed in order to achieve better semantic coherence and boundary delineation. In this paper, we propose a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture for semantic segmentation which explicitly addresses these two issues. Specifically, we propose a categorical attention mechanism to propagate consistent category-oriented information across multi-granularity contextual interpretations to close the semantic gap residing in CNN feature hierarchy. This novel design alleviates the semantic information loss during the feature combination and transformation process in decoder network. We further integrate a contour branch in our architecture to enhance the boundary awareness of the semantic feature derived in the form of a novel element-wise contour attention at each level of feature hierarchy. Additionally, we introduce a cross-granularity contour enhancement mechanism to propagate rich boundary cues from early layers to deep layers. We perform extensive quantitative evaluations in close proximity to object boundaries which confirms its superior effectiveness in boundary delineation. These novel mechanisms which boost the essentials in segmentation, i.e., region-wise semantic coherence and accurate object contour localization, allow our architecture "MeshNet" to obtain state-of-the-art performance on two challenging datasets, i.e., PASCAL VOC 2012 and Cityscapes.
Polyelectrolyte‐Assisted Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes with Ordered Self‐Assemblies of a Water‐Soluble Porphyrin (2012)

The self-assembly and induced supramolecular chirality of meso-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin (TSPP) on both single-wall (SWCNT) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) are investigated. Under mild pH conditions (pH 3), TSPP forms aggregates when CNTs are dispersed in an aqueous solution containing positively charged polyelectrolytes such as poly-L-lysine (PLL) or poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH). Evidence for the geometry of the porphyrin aggregates is obtained from absorption spectra, whereby the fingerprints of J- and H-aggregates are clearly seen only in the presence of smaller-diameter nanotubes. J-aggregates are better stabilized with PLL, whereas in the presence of PAH mainly H-aggregates prevail. Excited-state interactions within these nanohybrids are studied by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence. The porphyrin emission intensity in the nanohybrid solution is significantly quenched compared to that of TSPP alone, and this implies strong electronic interaction between CNTs and porphyrin molecules. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) further supports that porphyrin arrays are associated with the MWCNT sidewalls wrapped in PLL. In the case of the SWCNT hybrid, spherical structures associated with longer fluorescence lifetime appeared after one week, indicative of H-aggregates of TSPP. The latter are the result of π-π stacking of porphyrin units on neighboring nanotubes facilitated by the strong tendency of these nanotubes to interact with each other. These results highlight the importance of optimum dimensions and surface-area architectures of CNTs in the control/stability of the porphyrin aggregates with promising properties for light harvesting.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Watson and Crick: DNA Methylation and Molecular Enzymology of DNA Methyltransferases (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Anti-angiogenic agents for the treatment of solid tumors: Potential pathways, therapy and current strategies – A review (2017)

Recent strategies for the treatment of cancer, other than just tumor cell killing have been under intensive development, such as anti-angiogenic therapeutic approach. Angiogenesis inhibition is an important strategy for the treatment of solid tumors, which basically depends on cutting off the blood supply to tumor micro-regions, resulting in pan-hypoxia and pan-necrosis within solid tumor tissues. The differential activation of angiogenesis between normal and tumor tissues makes this process an attractive strategic target for anti-tumor drug discovery. The principles of anti-angiogenic treatment for solid tumors were originally proposed in 1972, and ever since, it has become a putative target for therapies directed against solid tumors. In the early twenty first century, the FDA approved anti-angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab and sorafenib for the treatment of several solid tumors. Over the past two decades, researches have continued to improve the performance of anti-angiogenic drugs, describe their drug interaction potential, and uncover possible reasons for potential treatment resistance. Herein, we present an update to the pre-clinical and clinical situations of anti-angiogenic agents and discuss the most recent trends in this field.
Directly deposited graphene nanowalls on carbon fiber for improving the interface strength in composites (2016)

Graphene nanowalls (GNWs) were grown directly on carbon fibers using a chemical vapor deposition technique which is simple and catalyst-free. We found that there is very strong π-π stacking which is a benefit for the GNWs/carbon fiber interface. This single modified filament then was embedded into an epoxy matrix to be a single-fiber composite in which was formed a “tenon-mortise” structure. Such a “tenon-mortise” model provides a simple, stable, and powerful connection between carbon fiber and the epoxy matrix. In addition, it was demonstrated that the epoxy matrix can be well embedded into GNWs through a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results of the single-fiber composite tests indicated that the interfacial strength of the composites was immensely improved by 173% compared to those specimens without GNWs.