gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystallization of silicon in aluminium/amorphous-silicon multilayers (1992)

Abstract The crystallization of amorphous Si (a-Si) in Al/a-Si multilayer thin films has been investigated by ex situ and in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction and calorimetry. The a-Si crystallizes at about 200°C, a significantly lower temperature than for the pure elemental state, with a heat of crystallization of about 12 kJ (mol Si)−1. We show that crystalline Si (c-Si) nucleates within the Al layers and penetrates the Al as the c-Si grows. The speed of the growth of c-Si observed by in situ TEM was a few ångströms per second at 220°C. Al grains are separated and the layered structure is destroyed, while the Al(111) film texture is enhanced. The overall activation energy of the reaction, determined by calorimetry, is 1·2 ± 01 eV. We propose a model in which diffusion of Si through the Al grains and rearrangement of the Al grains occur simultaneously.
Responses of female <i>Aedes aegypti</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) to host odours and convection currents using an olfactometer bioassay (1994)

Abstract The responses of female Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) to a variety of stimuli were studied using an olfactometer bioassay. Mosquitoes responded significantly to convection currents produced by a human hand. The addition of water vapour to convection currents enhanced significantly the mosquitoes' response. Lactic acid, either alone or in combination with water vapour or/and convection currents however, did not increase the response level. Sweat extract elicited higher response than convection currents, water vapour and lactic acid. Human hands elicited significantly higher responses than any other stimuli. The presence of active chemicals other than lactic acid in human odour extract is discussed.
A compositional logic for protocol correctness (2005)

Abstract: We present a specialized protocol logic that is built around a process language for describing the actions of a protocol. In general terms, the relation between logic and protocol is like the relation between assertions in Floyd-Hoare logic and standard imperative programs. Like Floyd-Hoare logic, our logic contains axioms and inference rules for each of the main protocol actions and proofs are protocol-directed, meaning that the outline of a proof of correctness follows the sequence of actions in the protocol. We prove that the protocol logic is sound, in a specific sense: each provable assertion about an action or sequence of actions holds in any run of the protocol, under attack, in which the given actions occur. This approach lets us prove properties of protocols that hold in all runs, while explicitly reasoning only about the sequence of actions needed to achieve this property. In particular, no explicit reasoning about the potential actions of an attacker is required.
Plant Proteogenomics: From Protein Extraction to Improved Gene Predictions (2013)

Historically many genome annotation strategies have lacked experimental evidence at the protein level, which and have instead relied heavily on ab initio gene prediction tools, which consequently resulted in many incorrectly annotated genomic sequences. Proteogenomics aims to address these issues using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, genomic mapping, and providing statistical significance measures such as false discovery rates (FDRs) to validate the mapped peptides. Presented here is a tool capable of meeting this goal, the UCSD proteogenomic pipeline, which maps peptide-spectrum matches (PSMs) to the genome using the Inspect MS/MS database search tool and assigns a statistical significance to the match using a target-decoy search approach to assign estimated FDRs. This pipeline also provides the option of using a more reliable approach to proteogenomics by determining the precise false-positive rates (FPRs) and p-values of each PSM by calculating their spectral probabilities and rescoring each PSM accordingly. In addition to the protein prediction challenges in the rapidly growing number of sequenced plant genomes, it is difficult to extract high-quality protein samples from many plant species. For that reason, this chapter contains methods for protein extraction and trypsin digestion that reliably produce samples suitable for proteogenomic analysis.
Analysis of Fiber Bragg Gratings For Ultrasonic Detection (2012)

Fiber optic sensors became an emerging technique to detect ultrasonic emissions in the last decade. Their light weight, immunity to electromagnetic interference and capacity of being multiplexed make them defeat their electronic counterparts in various applications. In this thesis we presented a novel fiber optic ultrasonic sensor based on pi phase shift fiber Bragg gratings. Numerical simulations were performed to study the characteristics of pi phase shift fiber Bragg gratings impinged by ultrasonic waves. The coupling theory was introduced to analyze the change of fiber Bragg gratings when impinged by ultrasonic waves, and the transfer matrix method was utilized to implement the simulation. In addition, the effect of the grating length and grating refractive index modification depth on the wavelength sensitivity and intensity sensitivity of the pi phase shift fiber Bragg grating sensors were investigated. The responses of pi phase shift fiber Bragg gratings under ultrasonic pressure waves were also compared with that of uniform fiber gratings. Finally, the responses of pi FBGs when impinged by ultrasonic longitudinal waves and shear waves were provided. Our analysis revealed several unique characteristics of pi phase shift fiber Bragg gratings used for ultrasonic detection and will be useful for design and optimization of fiber optic ultrasonic sensors with pi phase shift fiber Bragg grating as the sensing element. Adviser: Ming Han
Spatially separated atomic layer deposition of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, a new option for high‐throughput Si solar cell passivation (2011)

Abstract A next generation material for surface passivation of crystalline Si is Al 2 O 3 . It has been shown that both thermal and plasma‐assisted (PA) atomic layer deposition (ALD) Al 2 O 3 provide an adequate level of surface passivation for both p‐ and n‐type Si substrates. However, conventional time‐resolved ALD is limited by its low deposition rate. Therefore, an experimental high‐deposition‐rate prototype ALD reactor based on the spatially separated ALD principle has been developed and Al 2 O 3 deposition rates up to 1.2 nm/s have been demonstrated. In this work, the passivation quality and uniformity of the experimental spatially separated ALD Al 2 O 3 films are evaluated and compared to conventional temporal ALD Al 2 O 3 , by use of quasi‐steady‐state photo‐conductance (QSSPC) and carrier density imaging (CDI). It is shown that spatially separated Al 2 O 3 films of increasing thickness provide an increasing surface passivation level. Moreover, on p‐type CZ Si, 10 and 30 nm spatial ALD Al 2 O 3 layers can achieve the same level of surface passivation as equivalent temporal ALD Al 2 O 3 layers. In contrast, on n‐type FZ Si, spatially separated ALD Al 2 O 3 samples generally do not reach the same optimal passivation quality as equivalent conventional temporal ALD Al 2 O 3 samples. Nevertheless, after “firing”, 30 nm of spatially separated ALD Al 2 O 3 on 250 µm thick n‐type (2.4 Ω cm) FZ Si wafers can lead to effective surface recombination velocities as low as 2.9 cm/s, compared to 1.9 cm/s in the case of 30 nm of temporal ALD Al 2 O 3 . Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of the Zone of Inhibition of an Antibiotic (2016)

In the Disk Diffusion Antibiotic Sensitivity test (The Kirby-Bauer test) a thin film of bacteria applied on a plate is subjected to various antibiotics. The Zone of inhibition is a circular area around the spot of the antibiotic in which the bacteria colonies do not grow. The zone of inhibition can be used to measure the susceptibility of the bacteria to wards the antibiotic. The process of measuring the diameter of this Zone of Inhibition can be automated using Image processing. In this work an algorithm is developed, using Computer Vision, which will detect the zones of inhibition of the bacteria. This work demonstrates an effective approach of measuring the Zone of Inhibition by calculating the radius of the zone by drawing contours and setting the right value of threshold. This work also determines if a particular bacteria is susceptible or resistant to the applied antibiotic using the calculated Zone of Inhibition and the prescribed standard values.
High voltage GaAs rectifiers for high frequency, high power density switching applications (2002)

The development and reliability studies of high voltage, high efficiency GaAs Merged p-n/Schottky (MPS) rectifiers are reported. These devices exhibit extremely low switching losses, along with DC breakdown voltage of 500-1000 V, and average rectified forward current of 8-10 A, at on-state voltage of -2 volts. The rated DC avalanche breakdown voltage is >90% of the ideal (theoretical) value. Results on the optimization of the device performance using two dimensional device simulations (TMA MEDICI) and Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology are reviewed. Implementation of these devices in high frequency switching systems are also discussed.
Epirubicin, cyclophosphamide, and UFT plus oral calcium folinate in advanced breast cancer. (1999)

Use of continuous-infusion 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer has met with some success in recent years. In order to build on this experience, investigators at the Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research have combined continuous-infusion 5-FU with other agents active in metastatic breast cancer and observed improved outcome. The current trial, described here, evaluates UFT (uracil plus tegafur in a 4:1 molar ratio) plus oral calcium folinate (Orzel), an orally delivered and tolerable prodrug of 5-FU, combined with epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.
An approach to model based fault diagnosis of industrial robots (2002)

A method for the incipient fault diagnosis of industrial robot mechanics is proposed. It is based on mathematical models expressed in terms of nonlinear differential equations for a robot's different axes. The parameters of these models directly represent characteristic physical quantities (process coefficients), which are calculated by a suitable parameter estimation procedure. Additionally, a simple but efficient approach to the statistical classification of the determined values is devised. The proposed fault diagnosis method needs only measurements from sensors which are necessary for robot control purposes, therefore no additional sensors ae required. Experimental results obtained from an industrial robot show the feasibility of the proposed approach. Practical issues concerning implementation and application are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Novel Arabic Text Steganography Method Using Letter Points And Extensions (2007)

This paper presents a new steganography approach suitable for Arabic texts. It can be classified under steganography feature coding methods. The approach hides secret information bits within the letters benefiting from their inherited points. To note the specific letters holding secret bits, the scheme considers the two features, the existence of the points in the letters and the redundant Arabic extension character. We use the pointed letters with extension to hold the secret bit 'one' and the un-pointed letters with extension to hold 'zero'. This steganography technique is found attractive to other languages having similar texts to Arabic such as Persian and Urdu.
Genomic fingerprints produced by PCR with consensus tRNA gene primers (1991)

The polymerase chain reaction using only a single 'consensus' tRNA gene primer, or a pair of primers facing outward from tRNA genes, amplifies a set of DNA fragments in bacterial, plant and animal genomic DNAs. Presumably, these PCR fingerprints are mainly derived from the regions between closely linked tRNA genes. The pattern of the PCR products is determined by which genomes and which primer(s) are used. Genomic fingerprints are largely conserved within a species and, in bacteria, most products in the fingerprint are conserved between closely related species. Thus, PCR with tRNA gene consensus primers helps to identify species and genera.
Radius of Investigation for Reserve Estimation from Pressure Transient Well Tests (2009)

Abstract Although it is often used in pressure transient testing, radius of investigation still is an ambiguous concept, and there is no standard definition in the petroleum literature. Pressure diffusion corresponds to an instantaneous propagation of the pressure signal in the entire spatial domain when a flow-rate or pressure pulse is applied (beginning of a drawdown or injection) to the sandface of a well. However, the initial pressure propagation is not diffusive but it propagates like a wave with a finite speed. If we have a pressure gauge at a distance r in a formation, we will only start to detect a pressure change (drop or increase) after a few seconds or minutes even if we have a perfect pressure gauge with 0.0 psi resolution. After the initial propagation, pressure starts to diffuse or propagates as diffusion, and we start to observe pressure change at a given space and time above the pressure gauge resolution and natural background noise, which could be as high as 0.1 psi. One of the constant background noises is the effect of tidal forces. In this work, we present new formulae for radius of investigation in radial-cylindrical reservoirs and a new technique for general systems. The new formulation takes into account the production rate from the system, formation thickness, and gauge resolution. It is shown that the conventional radius of investigation formula (rinv=0.029ktϕμct), see Earlougher (1977)) for radial-cylindrical systems yields very conservative estimates. Radius of investigation is fundamental for understanding the tested volume; i.e., how much reservoir volume is investigated for a given duration of a transient test? For exploration wells, the reservoir volume investigated is one of the main objectives of running drillstem (DST) or production tests. Therefore, how far pressure may diffuse (radius of investigation) during a transient test is very important for exploration pressure transient well testing.
Modeling Occupancy Behavior for Energy Efficiency and Occupants Comfort Management in Intelligent Buildings (2010)

We applied genetic programming algorithm to learn the behavior of an occupant in single person office based on motion sensor data. The learned rules predict the presence and absence of the occupant with 80%-83% accuracy on testing data from 5 different offices. The rules indicate that the following variables may influence occupancy behavior: 1) the day of week, 2) the time of day, 3) the length of time the occupant spent in the previous state, 4) the length of time the occupant spent in the state prior to the previous state, 5) the length of time the occupant has been in the office since the first arrival of the day. We evaluate the rules with various statistics, which confirm some of the previous findings by other researchers. We also provide new insights about occupancy behavior of these offices that have not been reported previously.
Budist Uygurlarda Abhiseka Ritüeli (2021)

This study, consists of evaluations about the concept of abhiṣeka, which is the ceremony in which a student or Bodhisattvas enters a Buddhist community or the Buddhahood status by applying various techniques (dhāraṇī, mantra, mudrā, homa and samādhi, etc.) under the guidance of a religious master. Abhiṣeka is a ritual of ‘blessing’ the victory of the person who enters a sacred path as a practice of ‘pouring/sprinkling’, historically similar to the baptism ceremony of Christians. Peculiar to the Buddhist thought system, the Sanskrit abhiṣeka is a level that Bodhisattvas will achieve through various stages as a practice of ‘blessing’. It also corresponds to the expression Sanskrit bhūmi. Abhiṣeka, of which we have information about Mahāyāna and Esoteric Buddhism teachings, is one of the important concepts in the Buddhist religious life adopted by Uyghur Turks. In Uyghurs who adopt different religions (Manichaeaism, Buddhism etc.) they come into contact with the influence of various cultures, Sanskrit abhiṣeka was taken from the Tocharian A/B, and adapted to Turkish texts based on the Buddha religion as abišek, abıšık or abišik. Accordingly, this article aims at the reflections of this term in the Buddhist Uyghurs on the basis of the conceptual value of the concept of abhiṣeka in the Buddhist thought system. In these evaluations centred on the teachings of Mahāyāna and Esoteric Buddhism, the Uyghur text in which the concept of abhiṣeka is mentioned and the translation of this text, the conceptual value of abhiṣeka expression has been tried to be shown within the framework of terms related to Buddhist terminology.
Synthesis of Functionalised Nucleosides for Incorporation into Nucleic Acid-Based Serine Protease Mimics (2007)

The synthesis of nucleosides modified with an extra imidazole, carboxyl and hydroxyl group is described. These nucleosides can be incorporated into an oligonucleotide duplex, thus generating a novel type of serine protease mimic.
Focal epithelial hyperplasia by human papillomavirus (<scp>HPV</scp>)‐32 misdiagnosed as <scp>HPV</scp>‐16 and treated with combination of retinoids, imiquimod and quadrivalent <scp>HPV</scp> vaccine (2015)

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (FEH) or Heck's disease is a rare, benign and asymptomatic mucosal proliferation associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly with genotypes 13 and 32. We report a florid case of FEH in an 11-year-old Haitian girl with systemic lupus erythematosus receiving immunosuppressive therapy. Cryotherapy was previously performed on numerous occasions with no results. We decided to prescribe a non-invasive and more comfortable treatment. A combination of topical retinoid and imiquimod cream was well tolerated and led to an important improvement. The evidence of infection by HPV-16 detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, prompted us to prescribe the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (types 6, 11,16 and 18). Subsequent PCR sequencing with generic primers GP5-GP6 and further BLAST comparative analysis confirmed that genomic viral sequence in our case truly corresponded with HPV-32. This molecular misdiagnosis can be explained by the similarity between genomic sequences of both HPV-16 and -32 genotypes. At the 1-year follow up, we observed total clinical improvement and no recurrences of the disease. Complete healing in this case may correspond to a potential action of topical retinoid, imiquimod and the cross-protection mechanism of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine.
Intravascular and interstitial degradation of bradykinin in isolated perfused rat heart (1997)

Bradykinin (BK) has been shown to exert cardioprotective effects which are potentiated by inhibitors of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE). In order to clarify the significance of ACE within the whole spectrum of myocardial kininases we investigated BK degradation in the isolated rat heart. Tritiated BK ( 3 H‐BK) or unlabelled BK was either repeatedly perfused through the heart, or applied as an intracoronary bolus allowing determination of its elution kinetics. BK metabolites were analysed by HPLC. Kininases were identified by ramiprilat, phosphoramidon, diprotin A and 2‐mercaptoethanol or apstatin as specific inhibitors of ACE, neutral endopeptidase 24.11 (NEP), dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV and aminopeptidase P (APP), respectively. In sequential perfusion passages, 3 H‐BK concentrations in the perfusate decreased by 39% during each passage. Ramiprilat reduced the rate of 3 H‐BK breakdown by 54% and nearly abolished [1‐5]‐BK generation. The ramiprilat‐resistant kininase activity was for the most part inhibited by the selective APP inhibitor apstatin (IC 50 0.9 μ M ). BK cleavage by APP yielded the intermediate product [2‐9]‐BK, which was rapidly metabolized to [4‐9]‐BK by dipeptidylaminopeptidase IV. After bolus injection of 3 H‐BK, 10% of the applied radioactivity were protractedly eluted, indicating the distribution of this fraction into the myocardial interstitium. In samples of such interstitial perfusate fractions, 3 H‐BK was extensively (by 92%) degraded, essentially by ACE and APP. The ramiprilat‐ and mercaptoethanol‐resistant fraction of interstitial kininase activity amounted to 14%, about half of which could be attributed to NEP. Only the product of NEP, [1–7]‐BK, was continuously generated during the presence of 3 H‐BK in the interstitium. ACE and APP are located at the endothelium and represent the predominant kininases of rat myocardium. Both enzymes form a metabolic barrier for the extravasated fraction of BK. Thus, only interstitial, but not intravascular concentrations of BK are increased by kininase inhibitors to the extent that a significant potentiation of BK effects could be explained. NEP contributes less than 5% to the total kininase activity, but is the only enzyme which is exclusively present in the interstitial space. British Journal of Pharmacology (1997) 122 , 1179–1187; doi: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701501
Impulse drying of paper: a review of recent research (1992)

Impulse drying is a new process for drying paper\nthat holds great promise for reducing the energy\nconsumed during the manufacture of paper and similar\nweb products.\nAbout half of the paper manufactured in the U.S. is\ncomprised of heavyweight grades. Early attempts to\ncommercialize impulse drying for these grades were\ncomplicated by the occurrence of sheet delamination. Research at the Institute of Paper Science\nand Technology (IPST) has demonstrated that ceramic\ncoated press rolls have the potential for\ncontrolling heat transfer to the wet sheet, thereby\nallowing delamination-free impulse drying.\nRecent pilot dryer experiments demonstrate that\nheavyweight grades can be impulse dryed to 60%\nsolids in a 40 millisecond nip, resulting in a 300\nkWh per ton energy savings over conventional drying. With full implementation, at least\n6,000,000 barrels of imported oil could be saved\neach year. These studies also confirm a 25%\nimprovement to critical paper physical properties\nwhich will allow energy saving fiber substitution\nstrategies.\nThis paper reviews many of the key research findings\nthat form the basis for plans to commercialize this\nimportant new technology.
Non volatile memory evolution and revolution (2015)

For over 40 years, the evolution of Non Volatile Memories has been mostly based on the floating gate MOS transistor. We have successfully succeeded in scaling this wonderful device below 20nm but we are now approaching the limit. It is time for disruptive innovations, either integrating the same basic device in a vertical structure or moving to totally different device concepts. This paper analyzes the different alternatives in relation to their areas of application.
Successful Allotransplantation of Encapsulated Islets in Pancreatectomized Canines for Diabetic Management Without the Use of Immunosuppression (2008)

This advancement in transplantation may lead to an alternative approach for islet transplantation treatment for diabetic patients. This approach may also benefit patients suffering from other hormone deficiency diseases including liver disease and Parkinson's disease.