gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy-efficient low-voltage operation of digital CMOS circuits through charge-recycling (2004)

This paper describes an energy-efficient means to achieve onchip dc-dc conversion for digital CMOS circuits. The approach uses balanced voltage islands running at fractions of the off-chip supply voltage. Charge "discarded" by one domain is "recycled" to supply energy for another. When the domains are ideally balanced, all the energy dissipated by electrons in "dropping" to lower potentials is used for active computation. We describe the design and measurement of a prototype system in a 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS process that provides active on-chip voltage regulation and controlled dc-dc conversion with this technique.
Process for scrubbing of NO and/or SO sub 2 from gas mixtures (1990)

This patent describes a process for removal of, an atmospheric pollutant from a gas. The atmospheric pollutant being at least one of NO{sub {ital x}} and SO{sub 2}. It comprises: contacting the gas mixture with a scrubbing agent so as to remove the at least one of NO{sub {ital x}} and SO{sub 2} from the gas, the scrubbing agent including iron(II) ions and a substantially water-free nonaqueous solvent and wherein the nonaqueous solvent is selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, phosphoric or phosphonic esters, a compound of a formula given in the patent, or mixtures thereof.
Neutron source, linear-accelerator fuel enricher and regenerator and associated methods. [Patent application] (1979)

A device for producing fissile material inside of fabricated nuclear elements so that they can be used to produce power in nuclear power reactors is described. Fuel elements, for example, of a LWR are placed in pressure tubes in a vessel surrounding a liquid lead-bismuth flowing columnar target. A linear-accelerator proton beam enters the side of the vessel and impinges on the dispersed liquid lead-bismuth columns and produces neutrons which radiate through the surrounding pressure tube assembly or blanket containing the nuclear fuel elements. These neutrons are absorbed by the natural fertile uranium-238 elements and are transformed to fissile plutonium-239. The fertile fuel is thus enriched in fissile material to a concentration whereby they can be used in power reactors. After use in the power reactors, dispensed depleted fuel elements can be reinserted into the pressure tubes surrounding the target and the nuclear fuel regenerated for further burning in the power reactor.
Usage analysis for smart meter management (2011)

Smart meters gather utility usage data, such as water, electricity and gas readings, by remote reporting. The flood of usage data obtained from each meter in realtime or near real-time enable data analytics and optimization tool to support smart meter management. Predictive usage analytics can provide significant benefits to both the utilities and customers. We propose statistical approaches for meter anomaly detection, usage demand forecasting and association analysis for utility companies. These analyses provide efficient ways to detect malfunctioning meters, optimize water supply in the future and understand the association factors that drive meter failures and water demand. We illustrate our methodology using the automated meter reading (AMR) database from a water utility customer.
Transient and Steady-State Simulation Study of Decoupled d-q Vector Control in PWM Converter of Variable Speed Wind Turbines (2007)

Variable-speed wind turbines are attractive to the high performance and are commonly used by the wind turbine industry today. They are based on variable-speed operation with pitch control using either a direct driven synchronous generator (without gearbox) or a doubly-fed induction generator. For both, there is an AC/DC/AC PWM converter that is used for wind turbine control and grid interface. The AC/DC/AC converter usually consists of a machine-side converter and a grid-side converter. In order for effective control and integration of variable-speed wind turbines with the electrical grid, it is important to understand the power control characteristics of the two PWM converters. This paper focuses on the analysis of decoupled d-q vector control approaches applied to the grid-side converter control in variable-speed wind turbines and studies the power control characteristics of the PWM converters through both steady-state and transient simulation techniques. A typical decoupled d-q control concept that has been widely used in the grid-side converter control is reviewed in the paper. Deficiencies of conventional d-q control mechanisms are discovered and analyzed both analytically and through computer simulation. An extensive simulation-based study, in both steady-state and transient, is performed to examine the characteristics of the grid- side converter under different d-q control conditions in variable- speed wind turbines.
Accelerated diffusion spectrum imaging in the human brain using compressed sensing (2011)

We developed a novel method to accelerate diffusion spectrum imaging using compressed sensing. The method can be applied to either reduce acquisition time of diffusion spectrum imaging acquisition without losing critical information or to improve the resolution in diffusion space without increasing scan time. Unlike parallel imaging, compressed sensing can be applied to reconstruct a sub-Nyquist sampled dataset in domains other than the spatial one. Simulations of fiber crossings in 2D and 3D were performed to systematically evaluate the effect of compressed sensing reconstruction with different types of undersampling patterns (random, gaussian, Poisson disk) and different acceleration factors on radial and axial diffusion information. Experiments in brains of healthy volunteers were performed, where diffusion space was undersampled with different sampling patterns and reconstructed using compressed sensing. Essential information on diffusion properties, such as orientation distribution function, diffusion coefficient, and kurtosis is preserved up to an acceleration factor of R = 4.
Single Image Dehazing Using Haze-Lines (2018)

Haze often limits visibility and reduces contrast in outdoor images. The degradation varies spatially since it depends on the objects' distances from the camera. This dependency is expressed in the transmission coefficients, which control the attenuation. Restoring the scene radiance from a single image is a highly ill-posed problem, and thus requires using an image prior. Contrary to methods that use patch-based image priors, we propose an algorithm based on a non-local prior. The algorithm relies on the assumption that colors of a haze-free image are well approximated by a few hundred distinct colors, which form tight clusters in RGB space. Our key observation is that pixels in a given cluster are often non-local, i.e., spread over the entire image plane and located at different distances from the camera. In the presence of haze these varying distances translate to different transmission coefficients. Therefore, each color cluster in the clear image becomes a line in RGB space, that we term a haze-line. Using these haze-lines, our algorithm recovers the atmospheric light, the distance map and the haze-free image. The algorithm has linear complexity, requires no training, and performs well on a wide variety of images compared to other state-of-the-art methods.
Dual-beam histotripsy: a low-frequency pump enabling a high-frequency probe for precise lesion formation (2014)

Histotripsy produces tissue fractionation through dense energetic bubble clouds generated by short, high-pressure, ultrasound pulses. When using pulses shorter than 2 cycles, the generation of these energetic bubble clouds only depends on where the peak negative pressure (P-) exceeds the intrinsic threshold of the medium (26 to 30 MPa in soft tissue with high water content). This paper investigates a strategic method for precise lesion generation in which a low-frequency pump pulse is applied to enable a sub-threshold high-frequency probe pulse to exceed the intrinsic threshold. This pump-probe method of controlling a supra-threshold volume can be called dual-beam histotripsy. A 20-element dual-frequency (500-kHz and 3-MHz elements confocally aligned) array transducer was used to generate dual-beam histotripsy pulses in red blood cell phantoms and porcine hepatic tissue specimens. The results showed that when sub-intrinsic-threshold pump (500-kHz) and probe (3-MHz) pulses were applied together, dense bubble clouds (and resulting lesions) were only generated when their peak negative pressures combined constructively to exceed the intrinsic threshold. The smallest reproducible lesion varied with the relative amplitude between the pump and probe pulses, and, with a higher proportion of the probe pulse, smaller lesions could be generated. When the propagation direction of the probe pulse relative to the pump pulse was altered, the shape of the produced lesion changed based on the region that exceeded intrinsic threshold. Because the low-frequency pump pulse is more immune to attenuation and aberrations, and the high-frequency probe pulse can provide precision in lesion formation, this dual-beam histotripsy approach would be very useful in situations in which precise lesion formation is required through a highly attenuative and aberrative medium, such as transcranial therapy. This is particularly true if a small low-attenuation acoustic window is available for the high-frequency probe transducer.
Measurement of (1→3)-β-<i>D</i>-Glucan in an Experimental Model of Systemic Candidiasis (1998)

To investigate the utility of measuring blood concentrations of (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan, a component of the fungal cell wall, as an auxiliary diagnostic method for systemic candidiasis, rats were inoculated with Candida albicans and the number of C. albicans in the viscera and glucan in the blood were quantitated. The concentration of blood glucan and the number of C. albicans in the viscera were also measured both under leukopenia and with deteriorated reticuloendothelial system cell function, and when the liver and spleen had been excised. As a result, systemic candidiasis appeared in the group with leukopenia, and the number of living C. albicans increased in the kidney and liver. Together with this increase in the number of C. albicans, there was an increase in blood (1--> 3)-beta-D-glucan. Measurements of blood (1--> 3)-beta-D-glucan well reflect a proliferation of C. albicans in vivo, which would make this a useful auxiliary for the clinical diagnosis of systemic mycosis.
The double-domain cytidine deaminase APOBEC3G is a cellular site-specific RNA editing enzyme (2016)

APOBEC3G is a cytidine deaminase with two homologous domains and restricts retroelements and HIV-1. APOBEC3G deaminates single-stranded DNAs via its C-terminal domain, whereas the N-terminal domain is considered non-catalytic. Although APOBEC3G is known to bind RNAs, APOBEC3G-mediated RNA editing has not been observed. We recently discovered RNA editing by the single-domain enzyme APOBEC3A in innate immune cells. To determine if APOBEC3G is capable of RNA editing, we transiently expressed APOBEC3G in the HEK293T cell line and performed transcriptome-wide RNA sequencing. We show that APOBEC3G causes site-specific C-to-U editing of mRNAs from over 600 genes. The edited cytidines are often flanked by inverted repeats, but are largely distinct from those deaminated by APOBEC3A. We verified protein-recoding RNA editing of selected genes including several that are known to be involved in HIV-1 infectivity. APOBEC3G co-purifies with highly edited mRNA substrates. We find that conserved catalytic residues in both cytidine deaminase domains are required for RNA editing. Our findings demonstrate the novel RNA editing function of APOBEC3G and suggest a role for the N-terminal domain in RNA editing.
Detection of Antibodies to <i>Babesia equi</i> in Horses by a Latex Agglutination Test Using Recombinant EMA-1 (2001)

A latex agglutination test (LAT) using recombinant equi merozoite antigen 1 (EMA-1) for the detection of antibodies to Babesia equi was developed. The LAT was able to differentiate very clearly between sera from B. equi-infected horses and sera from Babesia caballi-infected horses or from normal horses. The LAT results were identical to those of a previously developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These results indicate that LAT using recombinant EMA-1 might be very useful as a routine screening method for the diagnosis of B. equi infection.
Density functional theory study on dye-sensitized solar cells using oxadiazole-based dyes (2015)

Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT(TD-DFT) modeling techniques are used to conduct a computational study of the geometry and electronic structure of oxadiazole-based organic sensitizers. A DFT study on the thermodynamic aspects of the charge transport processes associated with dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) suggests that the system with 1,2,4-oxadiazole has a balance among the different crucial factors and may result in the highest incident photon to charge carrier efficiency. The dye/(TiO2)8 anatase clusters were also simulated to illustrate the electron injection efficiency at the interface. This study provides basic understanding of the impact of molecular design on the performance of oxadiazole dyes in DSSCs.
Spectral phase-matching properties for second harmonic generation in nonlinear crystals (1977)

The spectral phase-matching bandwidths in LiIO3, LiNbO3, CDA, and KDP (type I and type II) for second harmonic generation (SHG) at 1.06 μm have been accurately measured using a tunable line-narrowed Nd : glass laser. The present results disagree with previously published data. Mechanisms such as sum-frequency generation which could contribute to the discrepancy are discussed and demonstrated in a 90° phase-matched deuterated CDA crystal.
Yb-doped Pedestal Silica Fiber through Vapor Phase Doping for Pulsed Laser Applications (2016)

This letter describes successful fabrication and detail characterization of ytterbium (Yb)-doped pedestal aluminosilicate fibers through vapor phase doping technique using modified chemical vapor deposition system (MCVD). Fabricated preforms have uniform step-index profiles devoid of any profile ripples, central dip, and/or core-clad interface defects, which are very common to the preforms made by a solution doping method. Fibers with a pedestal design exhibit good optical properties, low photodarkening-induced losses, high SNR values, and higher efficiencies making them suitable for high-power pulsed laser applications as compared with normal Yb-doped fibers. One of the pedestal fibers has demonstrated the output energy of 186 μJ with the 1.86-W average power. The pulse has a width of 100 ns at a 10-kHz repetition rate, which provides a peak power of 1.86 kW.
Detecting a coal/shale interface (1980)

Detector, intended for use with longwall shearer, determines when cut has pierced through layer. Accelerometer measures hardness of material struck by penetrometer ram, while reflectometers measure reflectivity of surface on either side of penetrometer. Signals are combined in voting circuit that indicates coal or shale, depending on information supplied by three sensors. It distinguishes by differences in accelerometer waveforms.
All-SOP all-fibre depolariser (2003)

A single mode fibre depolariser is demonstrated, based on a 3 dB coupler in association with polarisation combiners. Wide spectral band operation and low degree of polarisation (5%) are obtained. The linear design allows high stability and ease of integration.
Engineering Ultimate Self-Protection in Autonomic Agents for Space Exploration Missions (2005)

NASA's Exploration Initiative (EI) will push space exploration missions to the limit. Future missions will be required to be self-managing as well as self-directed, in order to meet the challenges of human and robotic space exploration. We discuss security and self-protection in autonomic agent based-systems, and propose the ultimate self-protection mechanism for such systems - self-destruction. Like other metaphors in autonomic computing, this is inspired by biological systems, and is the analog of biological apoptosis. Finally, we discuss the role it might play in future NASA space exploration missions.
Heterogeneous Methodology for Energy Efficient Distribution of On-Chip Power Supplies (2012)

To provide a high quality power delivery system, the power needs to be regulated on-chip with ultra-small locally distributed power efficient converters. Historically, power efficient switching converters require large physical area, while compact linear power supplies exhibit high power conversion losses, which are not ideal for on-chip integration. To exploit the advantages of existing power supplies, a heterogeneous power delivery system is proposed. The power efficiency of the system is shown to be a strong function of the on-chip distribution of the power supplies. The optimal power distribution system with minimum power losses is determined by exhaustively comparing the power efficiency for all possible power supply topologies. A heterogeneous system with ten on-chip voltage domains and an optimal power distribution network has been evaluated, demonstrating up to 93% power efficiency. A power efficient clustering of the on-chip power supplies with linear computational complexity is also proposed. Heterogeneous power delivery systems with up to 100 on-chip voltage domains have been evaluated with power supplies distributed with linear computational complexity. A maximum 1.5% drop in power efficiency from the optimal solution has been observed, yielding a near optimal and high fidelity power supply distribution system.
Synthesis, purification, characterization, and antinociceptive activity of opioids peptides (2014)

Bioactive peptides prospection is important for biotechnology field as well as a starting point in many research areas, such as: new drugs development and production of genetically modified plants In general, bioactive peptides have been identified as candidates for the new drugs development because their intrinsic properties concerning some potential activities, like high specificity, potency, less toxicity, and also chemistry and biological diversity Peptides can present diverse activities such as antimicrobial, opioids, hypotensive, antithrombotic among others. In 2010, around 60 synthetic peptides with therapeutic potential have been available to pharmaceutical marketing and can be used in many pathologies like, allergies, asthma, arthritis, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, gastrointestinal dysfunction, growth problems, inflammation, obesity, infectious diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, pain, vaccines and others. For pharmaceutical industry, in therapeutic area, the most promising projects are those that focus on cancer, pain, diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and depression This study aims to design sequences of synthetic peptides that may have dual activity: antinociceptive and hypotensive. These peptides act on different targets, opioids receptors and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), respectively.
Effect of process parameters on structure and piezoelectric properties of AlN and Al<sub>X</sub>Sc<sub>1−X</sub>N films deposited by pulsed magnetron sputtering (2014)

The paper will report on the deposition and characterization of piezoelectric AlN and Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-X</sub> N films. Potential applications of the films are in ultrasonic microscopy, energy harvesting and SAW/ BAW filters. Special focus will be on the characterization of the influences of sputter parameters on the structure and the piezoelectric properties of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">X</sub> Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-X</sub> N.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐Dihydro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazole‐3‐thiones as Potential Antidepressant Agents. (1988)

Abstract The aroyl chlorides (I) are coupled with the thiosemicarbazides (II) and subsequently or directly cyclized in the presence of bases, forming the triazolethiones (III) which are antagonists of RO 4‐1284 induced hypothermia and reserpine induced ptosis.
Immunisation with non-integral OMPs promotes pulmonary clearance of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2003)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that can cause fatal acute lung infections in critically ill individuals. Lung damage due to chronic infections in cystic fibrosis sufferers is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in this group. The bacterium produces various immunomodulatory products that enable it to survive in the lung. Innate and increasing resistance to antibiotic therapy shown by this organism heightens the need for development of a vaccine. This study reports the identification of six non-integral protein antigens; Pa13, azurin, acyl carrier protein (ACP), amidase, aminopeptidase and KatE, purified from a mucoid strain of P. aeruginosa. N-terminal amino acid sequencing was used to identify these proteins and, based on their ascribed functions, determined that their normal cellular location was cytosolic. A rat model of acute pulmonary infection was used to investigate the ability of these protein antigens to enhance pulmonary clearance of a live P. aeruginosa challenge. Mucosal immunisation with four of the six antigens significantly enhanced bacterial clearance from both the lavage fluid and lung tissue. The greatest level of clearance was demonstrated for the antigens; KatE, aminopeptidase and amidase. Enhanced bacterial clearance was maintained when the antigens amidase and aminopeptidase were produced in recombinant form. When delivered parenterally, aminopeptidase demonstrated its continued efficacy as a vaccine candidate. This study has demonstrated that non-integral outer membrane proteins are antigenic and protective and warrant further investigation as potential components of a vaccine.
Buffer Sizing in 802.11 Wireless Mesh Networks (2011)

We analyze the problem of buffer sizing for TCP flows in 802.11-based Wireless Mesh Networks. Our objective is to maintain high network utilization while providing low queueing delays. The problem is complicated by the time-varying capacity of the wireless channel as well as the random access mechanism of 802.11 MAC protocol. While arbitrarily large buffers can maintain high network utilization, this results in large queueing delays. Such delays may affect TCP stability characteristics, and also increase queueing delays for other flows (including real-time flows) sharing the buffer. In this paper we propose sizing link buffers collectively for a set of nodes within mutual interference range called the 'collision domain'. We aim to provide a buffer just large enough to saturate the available capacity of the bottleneck collision domain that limits the carrying capacity of the network. This neighborhood buffer is distributed over multiple nodes that constitute the network bottleneck; a transmission by any of these nodes fully utilizes the available spectral resource for the duration of the transmission. We show that sizing routing buffers collectively for this bottleneck allows us to have small buffers (as low as 2 - 3 packets) at individual nodes without any significant loss in network utilization. We propose heuristics to determine these buffer sizes in WMNs. Our results show that we can reduce the end-to-end delays by 6× to 10× at the cost of losing roughly 5% of the network capacity achievable with large buffers.