gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vibration Analysis for Anomaly Detection in Unmanned Aircraft (2020)

Vibration analysis is a vital measurement tool to provide detailed examination of drone health status by examining signal levels and frequencies. As drones are progressively operating in susceptible airspace where their being might cause harm, signal processing of in-flight data is becoming a necessity to reduce drone risks in sensitive conditions. On that account, this paper investigates how vibration measurements from different flights can be analysed to infer the condition of elements inside the drone. The results should assist safety operators to ascertain whether vibration anomalies can be an indicator of diagnostic and troubleshooting tools of major fault progress in drone flights. In order to track and monitorize the anomalies on the flying drone, this research proposes a vibration spectrum analysis on the inputs from on-board vibration monitoring sensors. The reason for using this analysis is that it can conduct the anomaly detection by providing critical frequency information pinpointing the faulty conditions on the drone platform. The results provides support for the proposed framework, with the ability to determine increasing defect from an unsteady flight with high payload but those results being preliminary to further research. This suggests that further drone safety research can use the same signal processing themes regarding vibration related anomalies when operating in sensitive flight zones.
Polysilicon transistors on glass by pulsed-laser annealing (1982)

Amorphous silicon thin films deposited on glass substrates were crystallized by pulsed-laser annealing. A grain size up to 2000 Å was observed. Transistors were made, and electrical measurements showed that the field-effect mobility was in the range 15–20 cm2/V s, instead of 10−2−10−3 cm2/V s in the unannealed regions.
VEGF polymorphisms are associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (2006)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of blindness in the elderly. Linkage has been shown to the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene and ocular levels of VEGF are raised in individuals with the neovascular form of disease. To examine the role of VEGF further, we conducted a case-control study where 45 individuals with neovascular AMD and 94 age-matched controls were genotyped for 14 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VEGF promoter and gene. The single SNP +674 CC genotype was significantly associated with AMD (OR=2.40, 95%CI 1.09-5.26, P=0.027). Haplotype analysis of SNPs +674, +4618, +5092, +9162 and +9512 revealed that CTCCT and TCACC were associated with AMD (OR=15.77, 95% CI 1.91-130.24, P=0.0161 and OR=9.95, 95%CI 3.22-30.74, P=0.000053, respectively). The haplotype TCACT was associated with the control group (P=0.0001832). Furthermore, haplotype analysis of promoter SNPs revealed that possession of the -460T, -417T, -172C, -165C, -160C, -152G, -141A, -116A, +405C haplotype was strongly associated with AMD (OR=18.24, 95%CI 2.25-148.25, P=0.0074). This is the most extensive analysis of the VEGF gene in AMD, demonstrating a clear association with the exudative form of disease, thereby creating the possibility for predictive testing. Smoking, high fat intake and hypertension are negative environmental risk factors in AMD, whereas increased consumption of dietary antioxidants can have a protective effect. Identification of those at risk in the population would allow individual counselling with lifestyle advice to reduce the risks of blindness. (Genbank accession nos M63971 and AF437895).
Deep convolutional networks super-resolution method for reconstructing high frequency information of the single image (2017)

Super-resolution image reconstruction is one of the important issues in the field of computer vision. Machine learning is also the powerful method to solve the problem of computer vision. The method of SRCNN, which is put forward by Tang, is used for image super-resolution and shows the state-of-the-art performance. However, the method of SRCNN still has some shortcomings. On one hand, the training network convergence is slow and one trained network can only handle one settled scale factor model. Meanwhile, the input and output of the network contains a large number of the same information. It could lead to redundant training. On the other hand, the accuracy of the super-resolution reconstruction needs to be further improved. In order to improve these weaknesses and inspired by the network of the VGG and ResNet, we propose the method to restore the high frequency information of the image based on the residual network and enlarge the range of the effective vision perception based on very deep convolutional network. Through these improvements, we speed up the convergence rate of the training and improve the super-resolution image reconstruction accuracy. Especially some areas such as image detail and depth discontinuity have good performance. These improvements can furtherly optimize the single image super-resolution method, and expand its application scope. In the end, comparing with several advanced methods, such as SRCNN though the experiment, we confirm the validity and practicability of the improved strategy.
Nucleation of One Polymorph by Another (2003)

Nucleation of one polymorph by another has been observed directly in the melt crystallization of d-mannitol and d-sorbitol. The new polymorph nucleated on an existing one and grew to dominate the end product. This effect is relevant to controlling polymorphism in the manufacture of specialty chemicals and to developing theories of polymorphic nucleation and concomitant polymorphs, for which current efforts emphasize homogeneous nucleation of alternative polymorphs.
Automatic fracture–vug identification and extraction from electric imaging logging data based on path morphology (2018)

We present a path morphology method to separate total rock pore space into matrix, fractures and vugs and derive their pore structure spectrum. Thus, we can achieve fine pore evaluation in fracture–vug reservoirs based on electric imaging logging data. We automatically identify and extract fracture–vug information from the electric imaging images by adopting a path morphological operator that remains flexible enough to fit rectilinear and slightly curved structures because they are independent of the structuring element shape. The Otsu method was used to extract fracture–vug information from the background noise caused by the matrix. To accommodate the differences in scale and form of the different target regions, including fracture and vug path, operators with different lengths were selected for their recognition and extraction at the corresponding scale. Polynomial and elliptic functions are used to fit the extracted fractures and vugs, respectively, and the fracture–vug parameters are deduced from the fitted edge. Finally, test examples of numerical simulation data and several measured well data have been provided for the verification of the effectiveness and adaptability of the path morphology method in the application of electric imaging logging data processing. This also provides algorithm support for the fine evaluation of fracture–vug reservoirs.
A Multi-Channel Approach For Collaborative Web-Based Learning (2008)

This paper describes an architectural framework and a prototype implementation of a web-based multi-channel e-Learning application that allows students, lecturers and the research communities to collaborate irrespective of the communication device a user is carrying. The application was developed based on the concept of ‘right once run on any browser’ for different range of devices including WAP Phones, Laptop/Personal Computer(PC), Pocket PC and Personal Digital Assistants(PDAs), on a three tier architecture – the client tier, web server tier and database tier. As supported in traditional classroom, some requirements for e-Learning were acquired and corresponding application modules to service each requirement were identified. A prototype application was developed for one of the modules – File Transfer module using Microsoft Visual Studio.Net platform. The architecture will serve as a reference for the research communities and software developers in the area of multi-channel support for e-Learning web application. The eLearning application when fully implemented will provide a basic platform for learning and enable students in remote locations have access to costly and scarce scientific equipment for carrying out experiments in the laboratory.
Structural Characterization of <i>N</i>-Glycopeptides by Matrix-Dependent Selective Fragmentation of MALDI-TOF/TOF Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2004)

The matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS technique described to date has proven to be a convenient and rapid method for identification and characterizations of proteins. However, the general MALDI-TOF MS analysis of complex carbohydrates and glycopeptides still entails special consideration of ionization and the fragmentation characteristics of labile carbohydrate moieties. In this study, an efficient and practical method we termed the matrix-dependent selective fragmentation (MDSF) technique of MALDI-TOF/TOF MS, which allows highly sensitive and reliable fragmentation of oligosaccharides and N-glycopeptides. Results from application of the MDSF technique to TOF/TOF MS analysis demonstrated that in comparison to the conventional postsource decay up to 170 times more sensitive product ion peaks could be obtained. It was also suggested that MDSF generates desired structural information based on the controlled cleavage of the singly charged precursor ion with different electronic excited states made by this method. Ideal product ion peaks observed by MDSF in TOF/TOF MS facilitated structural characterization of complex oligosaccharide derivatives including unstable Neu5Ac and Fuc residues and N-glycopeptides.
Metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer in a prospective study of 578,700 adults (2011)

Initial studies have indicated diabetes and obesity to be risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma; but the association between other metabolic risk factors and primary liver cancer (PLC) has not been investigated. The metabolic syndrome and cancer project (Me-Can) includes cohorts from Norway, Austria and Sweden with data on 578,700 subjects. We used Cox proportional hazard models to calculate relative risks (RRs) of PLC by body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides as continuous standardized variables (z-score with mean = 0 and standard deviation (SD) = 1) and their standardized sum of metabolic syndrome (MetS) z-score. RRs were corrected for random error in measurements. During an average follow-up of 12.0 years (SD = 7.8), 266 PLCs were diagnosed among cohort members. RR of liver cancer per unit increment of z-score adjusted for age, smoking status and BMI and stratified by birth year, sex and sub-cohorts, was for BMI 1.39 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-1.58), mid blood pressure 2.08 (0.95-4.73), blood glucose 2.13 (1.55-2.94) cholesterol 0.62 (0.51-0.76) and serum triglycerides 0.85 (0.65-1.10). The RR per one unit increment of the MetS z-score was 1.35 (1.12-1.61). BMI, glucose and a composite MetS score were positively and cholesterol negatively associated with risk of liver cancer.
Frequency of deletion formation decreases exponentially with distance between short direct repeats (1994)

The effect of distance between 18 bp direct repeats on deletion formation has been examined in Bacillus subtilis. The deletion frequency decreased exponentially by more than 1000-fold as the distance increased from 33 to 2313 bp. This decrease occurred in two distinct phases, which may be determined by DNA-duplex flexibility. A similar relationship between deletion formation and distance was observed in a theta-replicating plasmid and in the chromosome, indicating that this relationship might have a general validity.
Shaping polymersomes into predictable morphologies via out-of-equilibrium self-assembly (2016)

Polymersomes are bilayer vesicles, self-assembled from amphiphilic block copolymers. They are versatile nanocapsules with adjustable properties, such as flexibility, permeability, size and functionality. However, so far no methodological approach to control their shape exists. Here we demonstrate a mechanistically fully understood procedure to precisely control polymersome shape via an out-of-equilibrium process. Carefully selecting osmotic pressure and permeability initiates controlled deflation, resulting in transient capsule shapes, followed by reinflation of the polymersomes. The shape transformation towards stomatocytes, bowl-shaped vesicles, was probed with magnetic birefringence, permitting us to stop the process at any intermediate shape in the phase diagram. Quantitative electron microscopy analysis of the different morphologies reveals that this shape transformation proceeds via a long-predicted hysteretic deflation-inflation trajectory, which can be understood in terms of bending energy. Because of the high degree of controllability and predictability, this study provides the design rules for accessing polymersomes with all possible different shapes.
Update on animal models of diabetic retinopathy: from molecular approaches to mice and higher mammals (2012)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the major causes of blindness worldwide. The pathogenesis of DR has been investigated using several animal models of diabetes. These models have been generated by pharmacological induction, feeding a galactose diet, and spontaneously by selective inbreeding or genetic modification. Among the available animal models, rodents have been studied most extensively owing to their short generation time and the inherited hyperglycemia and/or obesity that affect certain strains. In particular, mice have proven useful for studying DR and evaluating novel therapies because of their amenability to genetic manipulation. Mouse models suitable for replicating the early, non-proliferative stages of the retinopathy have been characterized, but no animal model has yet been found to demonstrate all of the vascular and neural complications that are associated with the advanced, proliferative stages of DR that occur in humans. In this review, we summarize commonly used animal models of DR, and briefly outline the in vivo imaging techniques used for characterization of DR in these models. Through highlighting the ocular pathological findings, clinical implications, advantages and disadvantages of these models, we provide essential information for planning experimental studies of DR that will lead to new strategies for its prevention and treatment.
Nitric Oxide Regulation of Bacterial Biofilms (2015)

Biofilms are surface-associated, multicellular communities of bacteria. Once established, they are extremely difficult to eradicate by antimicrobial treatment. It has been demonstrated in many species that biofilm formation may be regulated by the diatomic signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO). Although this is still a relatively new area of research, we review here the literature reporting an effect of NO on bacterial biofilm formation, emphasizing dose-dependent responses to NO concentrations when possible. Where it has been investigated, the underlying NO sensors or signaling pathways are also discussed. Most of the examples of NO-mediated biofilm regulation have been documented with exogenously applied NO, but we also survey possible natural sources of NO in biofilm regulation, including endogenously generated NO. Finally, because of the apparent broad-spectrum, antibiofilm effects of NO, NO-releasing materials and prodrugs have also been explored in this minireview.
Work stealing for interactive services to meet target latency (2016)

Interactive web services increasingly drive critical business workloads such as search, advertising, games, shopping, and finance. Whereas optimizing parallel programs and distributed server systems have historically focused on average latency and throughput, the primary metric for interactive applications is instead consistent responsiveness, i.e., minimizing the number of requests that miss a target latency. This paper is the first to show how to generalize work-stealing, which is traditionally used to minimize the makespan of a single parallel job, to optimize for a target latency in interactive services with multiple parallel requests.
STAT5 is a key transcription factor for IL-3-mediated inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis (2016)

Among the diverse cytokines involved in osteoclast differentiation, interleukin (IL)-3 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. However, the mechanism underlying IL-3-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation is not fully understood. Here we demonstrate that the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription 5 (STAT5) by IL-3 inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through the induction of the expression of Id genes. We found that STAT5 overexpression inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. However, RANKL did not regulate the expression or activation of STAT5 during osteoclast differentiation. STAT5 deficiency prevented IL-3-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis, suggesting a key role of STAT5 in IL-3-mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation. In addition, IL-3-induced STAT5 activation upregulated the expression of Id1 and Id2, which are negative regulators of osteoclastogenesis. Overexpression of ID1 or ID2 in STAT5-deficient cells reversed osteoclast development recovered from IL-3-mediated inhibition. Importantly, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometric analysis revealed that STAT5 conditional knockout mice showed reduced bone mass, with an increased number of osteoclasts. Furthermore, IL-3 inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation less effectively in the STAT5 conditional knockout mice than in the wild-type mice after RANKL injection. Taken together, our findings indicate that STAT5 contributes to the remarkable IL-3-mediated inhibition of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by activating Id genes and their associated pathways.
The Effects of Bull Strains and Environment in the Development of Muscular Abnormality in Japanese Black Cattle (2006)

To clarify the causes or triggers of muscular abnormality, including steatosis or muscular dystrophy, in Japanese Black cattle, we investigated the effect of bull strains and the effect of the environment in which thecattle were raised. No specific bulls were identified that were linked to the high incidence of muscular abnormality (1.0% to 6.3% among 10 bulls). However, we found that bull strains were related: the Fujiyoshi-strain andthe Kedaka-strain showed a higher incidence of muscular abnormality than in the Nakadoi-strain. The incidenceof muscular abnormality was low (0% to 5.2%) in cows from the eleven large farms that delivered more than 50cows over the last six months, while it was higher (12.1% to 20.0%) in those from several small farms. Theseresults suggest that both factors, namely the strains and environmental factors might affect the development ofmuscular abnormality in Japanese Black cattle.
Multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopic imaging with a fiber optical parametric oscillator (2011)

We report on multimodal coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging with a source composed of a femtosecond fiber laser and a photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based optical parametric oscillator (FOPO). By switching between two PCFs with different zero dispersion wavelengths, a tunable signal beam from the FOPO covering the range from 840 to 930 nm was produced. By combining the femtosecond fiber laser and the FOPO output, simultaneous CARS imaging of a myelin sheath and two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging of a labeled axons in rat spinal cord have been demonstrated at the speed of 20 μs per pixel.
Gastrointestinal Vagal Afferents and Food Intake: Relevance of Circadian Rhythms (2021)

Gastrointestinal vagal afferents (VAs) play an important role in food intake regulation, providing the brain with information on the amount and nutrient composition of a meal. This is processed, eventually leading to meal termination. The response of gastric VAs, to food-related stimuli, is under circadian control and fluctuates depending on the time of day. These rhythms are highly correlated with meal size, with a nadir in VA sensitivity and increase in meal size during the dark phase and a peak in sensitivity and decrease in meal size during the light phase in mice. These rhythms are disrupted in diet-induced obesity and simulated shift work conditions and associated with disrupted food intake patterns. In diet-induced obesity the dampened responses during the light phase are not simply reversed by reverting back to a normal diet. However, time restricted feeding prevents loss of diurnal rhythms in VA signalling in high fat diet-fed mice and, therefore, provides a potential strategy to reset diurnal rhythms in VA signalling to a pre-obese phenotype. This review discusses the role of the circadian system in the regulation of gastrointestinal VA signals and the impact of factors, such as diet-induced obesity and shift work, on these rhythms.
The Novel Fungal Cyp51 Inhibitor VT-1598 Is Efficacious in Experimental Models of Central Nervous System Coccidioidomycosis Caused by Coccidioides posadasii and Coccidioides immitis (2018)

Coccidioidal meningitis can cause significant morbidity, and lifelong antifungal therapy is often required. VT-1598 is a fungus-specific Cyp51 inhibitor that has potent <i>in vitro</i> activity against <i>Coccidioides</i> species. We evaluated the <i>in vivo</i> efficacy of VT-1598 in murine models of central nervous system coccidioidomycosis caused by <i>C. posadasii</i> and <i>C. immitis</i> Infection was introduced via intracranial inoculation, and therapy began 48 h postinoculation. Oral treatments consisted of vehicle control, VT-1598, and positive controls of fluconazole in the <i>C. immitis</i> study and VT-1161 in the <i>C. posadasii</i> study. Treatment continued for 7 and 14 days in the fungal-burden and survival studies, respectively. Fungal burden was assessed in brain tissue collected 24 to 48 h posttreatment in the fungal-burden studies, on the days the mice succumbed to infection, or at prespecified endpoints in the survival studies. VT-1598 plasma concentrations were also measured in the <i>C. posadasii</i> study. VT-1598 resulted in significant improvements in survival in mice infected with either species. In addition, the fungal burden was significantly reduced in the fungal-burden studies. Plasma concentrations 48 h after dosing stopped remained above the VT-1598 MIC against the <i>C. posadasii</i> isolate, although levels were undetectable in the survival study after a 4-week washout. Whereas fungal burden remained suppressed after a 2-week washout in the <i>C. immitis</i> model, a higher fungal burden was observed in the survival arm of the <i>C. posadasii</i> model. This <i>in vivo</i> efficacy supports human studies to establish the utility of VT-1598 for the treatment of coccidioidomycosis.
STRENGTH ASSESSMENT OF EXTERNAL FRP REINFORCEMENT (1998)

Strengthening reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete structures becomes necessary when there is an increase in load requirements, a change in use, a degradation problem, or design and/or construction defects. Externally bonded fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composites offer a potential solution to structural repair. Rapid in situ load testing has been used in other countries by threshold engineers to check structural performance compliance. This testing technology can be successfully adopted in the case of strengthening projects involving the use of externally bonded FRP. The primary objective of the rapid load test is to verify that the strengthening method is performing as designed. Furthermore, since an situ load test provides easy-to-understand physical results, it provides reassurance and confidence in the structure to clients and owners.