gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FI Catalysts: A New Family of High Performance Catalysts for Olefin Polymerization (2002)

This paper reviews a new family of olefin polymerization catalysts. The catalysts, named FI catalysts, are based on non-symmetrical phenoxyimine chelate ligands combined with group 4 transition metals and were developed using “ligand-oriented catalyst design”. FI catalysts display very high ethylene polymerization activities under mild conditions. The highest activity exhibited by a zirconium FI catalyst reached an astonishing catalyst turnover frequency (TOF) of 64,900 s –1 atm –1, which is two orders of magnitude greater than that seen with Cp2ZrCl2 under the same conditions. In addition, titanium FI catalysts with fluorinated ligands promote exceptionally high-speed, living ethylene polymerization and can produce monodisperse high molecular weight polyethylenes (Mw/Mn<1.2, max. Mn>400,000) at 50 °C. The maximum TOF, 24,500 min –1 atm –1, is three orders of magnitude greater than those for known living ethylene polymerization catalysts. Moreover, the fluorinated FI catalysts promote stereospecific room-temperature living polymerization of propylene to provide highly syndiotactic monodisperse polypropylene (max. [rr] 98%). The versatility of the FI catalysts allows for the creation of new polymers which are difficult or impossible to prepare using group 4 metallocene catalysts. For example, it is possible to prepare low molecular weight (Mv∼103) polyethylene or poly(ethylene-co-propylene) with olefinic end groups, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or poly(ethylene-co-propylene), high molecular weight poly(1-hexene) with atactic structures including frequent regioerrors, monodisperse poly(ethylene-co-propylene) with various propylene contents, and a number of polyolefin block copolymers [e.g., polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene-co-propylene), syndiotactic polypropylene-b-poly(ethylene-co-propylene), polyethylene-b-poly(ethylene-co-propylene)-b-syndiotactic polypropylene]. These unique polymers are anticipated to possess novel material properties and uses.
Chitin and Chitosan from Animal Sources (2002)

Abstract Introduction Historical Outline Structure of Chitin and Chitosan Conformation in Solution Crystal Structures Occurrence Physiological Function Detection of Chitin in Animals and Analysis of Chitin and Chitosan Detection of Chitin in Biological Samples Determination of F A Mass Spectrometry of Chitin and Chitosan Oligosaccharides Macromolecular Characterization of Chitin and Chitosan Biosynthesis of Chitin in Animals Synthesis of Substrates for the Polymerizing Enzyme Enzymology of Chitin Synthase Genetic Basis of Chitin Synthesis Regulation of Chitin Synthesis Biodegradation Enzymology of Chitin Degradation Chitinase Genes Regulation of Degradation Production of Chitin and Chitosan Isolation of Chitin and Chitosan from Shellfish Waste Preparation of Low Molecular‐weight Chitin, Chitosan, and of Chitooligosaccharides Current World Market and Economics Companies Producing the Polymer Properties of Chitin and Chitosan Physico‐chemical Properties Materials Produced from Chitin or Chitosan Chemistry of Chitin and Chitosan Biological Properties Applications of Chitin and Chitosan Technical Applications Medicine and Healthcare Pharmaceutical Applications Cosmetics Agriculture Food Current Problems and Limits Outlook and Perspectives Relevant Patents for Isolation, Production and Applications of Chitin and Chitosan Acknowledgements
Interaction with BRCA2 Suggests a Role for Filamin-1 (hsFLNa) in DNA Damage Response (2001)

The BRCA2 tumor suppressor plays significant roles in DNA damage response. The human actin binding protein filamin-1 (hsFLNa, also known as ABP-280) participates in orthogonal actin network, cellular stress responses, signal transduction, and cell migration. Through a yeast two-hybrid system, an in vitro binding assay, and in vivo co-immunoprecipitations, we identified an interaction between BRCA2 and hsFLNa. The hsFLNa binding domain of BRCA2 was mapped to an internal conserved region, and the BRCA2-interacting domain of hsFLNa was mapped to its C terminus. Although hsFLNa is known for its cytoplasmic functions in cell migration and signal transduction, some hsFLNa resides in the nucleus, raising the possibility that it participates in DNA damage response through a nuclear interaction with BRCA2. Lack of hsFLNa renders a human melanoma cell line (M2) more sensitive to several genotoxic agents including gamma irradiation, bleomycin, and ultraviolet-c light. These results suggest that BRCA2/hsFLNa interaction may serve to connect cytoskeletal signal transduction to DNA damage response pathways.
Musique et résistance. (2007)

Certains mots font aujourd’hui violence lorsqu’il s’agit de l’art. La violence dont il s’agit n’est pas une violence tonitruante et productive, elle n’est pas celle que les idées nouvelles, les évènements inattendus, les paysages non traversés, opposent à l’évidence, au déjà vu, mais une violence qui agit sans bruit, sans coups de canons, dans l’épaisseur ambiante du conformisme. Cette violence procède de la distorsion de sens, de ce que les mots définis ...
On the syntheses of triacylglycerols from branched saturated fatty acids (1997)

Abstract A number of triacylglycerols with branched acyl groups were prepared via 1,2‐isopropylidene glycerol for the purpose of studying three different physical properties: gel point, refractive index, and density. The monoacid triacylglycerols were prepared either via the corresponding acids or the acyl chlorides.
Bacterial diversity of a Carolina bay as determined by 16S rRNA gene analysis: confirmation of novel taxa (1997)

Carolina bays are naturally occurring shallow elliptical depressions largely fed by rain and shallow ground water. To identify members of the domain Bacteria which inhibit such an environment, we used PCR to construct a library of 16S rRNA genes (16S rDNAs) cloned from DNA extracted from the sediments of Rainbow bay, located on the Savannah River Site, near Aiken, S.C. Oligonucleotides complementary to conserved regions of 16S rDNA were used as primers for PCR, and gel-purified PCR products were cloned into vector pGEM-T. Partial sequencing of the cloned 16S rDNAs revealed an extensive amount of phylogenetic diversity within this system. Of the 35 clones sequenced, 32 were affiliated with five bacterial groups: 11 clustered with the Proteobacteria division (including members of the alpha, beta, and delta subdivisions), 8 clustered with the Acidobacterium subdivision of the Fibrobacter division (as categorized by the Ribosomal Database Project's taxonomic scheme, version 5.0), 7 clustered with the Verrucomicrobium subdivision of the Planctomyces division, 3 clustered with the gram-positive bacteria (Clostridium and relatives subdivision), and 3 clustered with the green nonsulfur bacteria. One sequence branched very deeply from the Bacteria and was found not to be associated with any of the major divisions when phylogenetic trees were constructed. Two clones did not consistently cluster with specific groups and may be chimeric sequences. None of the clones exhibited an exact match to any of the 16S rDNA sequences deposited in the databases, suggesting that most of the bacteria in Rainbow Bay are novel species. In particular, the clones related to the Acidobacterium subdivision and the Verrucomicrobium subdivision confirm the presence of novel taxa discovered previously in other molecular surveys of this type.
Urea-Gradient Protein Refolding in Size Exclusion Chromatography (2010)

Protein refolding using urea gradient size exclusion chromatography (UGSEC) is a new version of conventional SEC refolding, which incorporates urea gradient into the SEC. Operating factors, mainly the urea gradient length and the final urea concentration in the gradient, are discussed in detail. Recent applications of UGSEC, including refolding of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor by UGSEC, is shown as an example.
Weak magnetic transitions in pyrochlore Bi<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Ir<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>O<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2013)

Muon spin relaxation measurements on Bi${}_{2}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ show that it undergoes a bulk magnetic transition at $1.84(3)$ K. This is accompanied by increases in the muon spin relaxation rate and the amplitude of the nonrelaxing part of the signal. The magnetic field experienced by muons is estimated to be $0.7$ mT at low temperature, around two orders of magnitude smaller than that in other pyrochlore iridates. These results suggest that the low-temperature state represents static magnetism of exceptionally small magnetic moments, $\ensuremath{\sim}$$0.01{\ensuremath{\mu}}_{\mathrm{B}}$/Ir. The relaxation rate increases further below $0.23(4)$ K, coincident with an upturn in the specific heat, suggesting the existence of a second low-temperature magnetic transition.
Buckminsterfullerene C60: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and structure analysis (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTBuckminsterfullerene C60: synthesis, spectroscopic characterization and structure analysisGu Zhennan, Qian Jiuxin, Zhou Xihuang, Wu Yongqing, Zhu Xing, Feng Sunqi, and Gan ZizhaoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 24, 9615–9618Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100177a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100177a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views574Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Noninterceptive Beam Profiling of High‐Power Industrial Lasers (2015)

Abstract High‐power 1 — 100 kW industrial lasers typically undergo thermally‐in‐duced optical effects that change the laser beam and laser beam delivery to the work piece. Knowledge of any changes such as focal shift may be important for particular welding or cutting processes. Conventional beam profile diagnostic methods are not practical and fall short at such high powers. A new profiling technique that uses Rayleigh scatter from the beam overcomes the power obstacle and allows laser characterization that was previously impossible to perform.
Data Mesh: Concepts and Principles of a Paradigm Shift in Data Architectures (2022)

Inherent to the growing use of the most varied forms of software (e.g., social applications), there is the creation and storage of data that, due to its characteristics (volume, variety, and velocity), make the concept of Big Data emerge. Big Data Warehouses and Data Lakes are concepts already well established and implemented by several organizations, to serve their decision-making needs. After analyzing the various problems demonstrated by those monolithic architectures, it is possible to conclude about the need for a paradigm shift that will make organizations truly data-oriented. In this new paradigm, data is seen as the main concern of the organization, and the pipelining tools and the Data Lake itself are seen as a secondary concern. Thus, the Data Mesh consists in the implementation of an architecture where data is intentionally distributed among several Mesh nodes, in such a way that there is no chaos or data silos, since there are centralized governance strategies and the guarantee that the core principles are shared throughout the Mesh nodes. This paper presents the motivation for the appearance of the Data Mesh paradigm, its features, and approaches for its implementation.
Novel Synthesis of Flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis GEORGI. (2003)

A concise and efficient total synthesis of the flavonoids baicalein, oroxylin A and wogonin was described. Intramolecular oxidative cyclization followed by demethylation of chalcone 1, readily prepared from trimethoxyphenol, afforded, depending upon the controlled conditions, baicalein or oroxylin A in excellent yields. Demethylation of 1 yielded 3, which, by oxidation with I(2)/dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), was readily converted to oroxylin A and wogonin after column chromatography.
A study into the effects of gas flow inlet design of the Renishaw AM250 laser powder bed fusion machine using computational modelling (2017)

Previous work has highlighted the importance of the gas flow system in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) processes. Inhomogeneous gas flow experienced at the surface of the powder bed can cause variations in mechanical properties over a build platform, where insufficient removal of by-products which cause laser attenuation and redisposition of byproducts are believed to contribute to these variations. The current study analyses the gas flow experienced over a build platform in a Renishaw AM250 metal powder bed fusion machine via Hot Wire Anemometer (HWA) testing. Velocity profiles of the flow directly above the powder-bed and through the centre plane normal to the inlets have been categorized. These HWA results illustrate the inhomogeneity of the gas flow experienced over the build platform and from literature imply that there will be insufficient removal of by-products and hence variable build quality in specific areas of the build platform. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was created in ANSYS Fluent and validated against HWA results coupled with a Discrete Phase Model (DPM) representing the expulsion of spatter. Velocity contours of simulated against experimental are compared, where the results appear in good agreement. The multiphase CFD model was then used to explore the effects of changing inlet design parameters using a Design of Experiments (DOE) study based on an Optimal Space Filling (OSF) method. This was to understand the effect of design parameters on flow uniformity, local gas velocity over the processing area and spatter particulate accumulation within the build chamber. The initial design study found that flow uniformity could potentially be increased by 21.05% and spatter accumulation on the processing area could be reduced by 26.64%. In addition, this has given insight into important design considerations for future generation of L-PBF machines.
Trade‐Off Geometries and Frequency‐Dependent Selection (2004)

Life-history evolution is determined by the interplay between natural selection and adaptive constraints. The classical approach to studying constrained life-history evolution-Richard Levins's geometric comparison of fitness sets and adaptive functions-is applicable when selection pressures are frequency independent. Here we extend this widely used tool to frequency-dependent selection. Such selection pressures vary with a population's phenotypic composition and are increasingly recognized as ubiquitous. Under frequency dependence, two independent properties have to be distinguished: evolutionary stability (an evolutionarily stable strategy cannot be invaded once established) and convergence stability (only a convergence stable strategy can be attained through small, selectively advantageous steps). Combination of both properties results in four classes of possible evolutionary outcomes. We introduce a geometric mode of analysis that enables predicting, for any bivariate selection problem, evolutionary outcomes induced by trade-offs of given shape, shapes of trade-offs required for given evolutionary outcomes, the set of all evolutionary outcomes trade-offs can induce, and effects of ecological parameters on evolutionary outcomes independent of trade-off shape.
Rolled Stationary Phases:  Dimensionally Structured Textile Adsorbents for Rapid Liquid Chromatography of Proteins (1999)

A woven textile fabric, consisting of 60% cotton/40% polyester, tightly rolled in a cylindrical configuration, has a three-dimensional structure with sufficient hydrodynamic stability to withstand interstitial eluent velocities of up to 300 cm/min when packed into standard liquid chromatography column assemblies. Demonstration of the pressure stability of the cotton/polyester fabric was followed up with experiments in which the cotton (cellulose) portion was derivatized and the fabric evaluated for chromatography of proteins. When derivatized to give a (diethylamino)ethyl (DEAE) anion exchanger, a velocity independent plate height of 2 mm, a static capacity of 115 mg of bovine serum albumin/g of stationary phase, and a dynamic protein loading capacity which decreases only 25% over an 800% increase in mobile-phase velocity from 6.7 to 54 cm/min was achieved. The fibers that make up the stationary phase have a relatively nonporous structure which minimizes pore diffusional effects. A protein separation of Cytochrome C from β-lactoglobulin A is shown to be completed by ion-exchange chromatography in less than 10 min using an NaCl step gradient. Gradient chromatography of a hen egg white shows resolution of the proteins into two major components (lysozyme and ovalbumin) as well as two minor ones. A size exclusion separation of PEG 20 000 from glucose requires only 90 s. These characteristics, together with the ability of the cellulose-based stationary phase to withstand rapid flow rates, indicate that this type of stationary phase has potential for applications where chromatography using DEAE-cellulose particles has proven successful.
A computer simulation method for the calculation of equilibrium constants for the formation of physical clusters of molecules: Application to small water clusters (1981)

We present a molecular dynamics computer simulation method for calculating equilibrium constants for the formation of physical clusters of molecules. The method is based on Hill's formal theory of physical clusters. In the method, a molecular dynamics calculation is used to calculate the average potential energy of a cluster of molecules as a function of temperature, and the equilibrium constants are calculated from the integral of the energy with respect to reciprocal temperature. The method is illustrated by calculations of the equilibrium constants for the formation of clusters of two to five water molecules that interact with each other by an intermolecular potential devised by Watts. The method is compared with other procedures for calculating the thermodynamic properties of clusters. (Author)
Frame-rate displacement measurement system utilizing an ultra-high-speed shutter camera and an optical correlator (1995)

A particle image velocimetry (PIV) system has been proposed for real-time (frame-rate) measurement and is composed of an ultra-high-speed shutter camera and an optical correlator. The ultra-high-speed shutter camera employed in this system has several functions such as optical amplification, high-speed shuttering and multishuttering for forming a double-exposure pattern of a moving object, in order to observe dimmer and high-speed phenomena. The optical correlator used in this system is a joint transform correlator (JTC) using two PAL-SLM's, which are optically addressed spatial light modulators with phase-only modulating function. By utilizing the optical correlator, a real-time fringe analysis of the double-exposure pattern was achieved. It is demonstrated that the system can measure velocity of random-dot patterns on a side of rotating disk with frame-rate response and good linearity at the rate of 10 m/s. We have studied an imaging condition such as ratio between exposure time and repetition time of double-exposure for suitable measurement. Also evaluated is effect of ion-feedback noise caused by an image intensifier in the ultra-high-speed shutter camera. The performance of the system is shown and discussed from a viewpoint of practical measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Real Time Face Recognition System Based on EBGM Framework (2010)

With the recent advances in consumer electronics and the need for noninvasive biometric recognition systems, face recognition has become a viable option at least computationally. The aim of this paper is to present a complete face recognition system that works in real time, and is robust to illumination and expression for the most part. The system was developed to study the feasibility of employing facial recognition in relatively controlled environments like that of an ATM machine. The system employs a statistical skin color model to detect faces and then extracts them for eye detection that works within the framework of EBGM (Elastic Bunch Graph Matching) algorithm. Finally, face graphs are extracted and matched to those within a database. The final prototype was tested using a 1.3 megapixel USB webcam and a Pentium 4 2.4 GHz processor.
Biological Functions and Metabolism of Oleoylethanolamide (2008)

The present review is focused on the metabolism and the emerging roles of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) with emphasis on its effects on food intake control and lipid metabolism. The biological mechanism of action, including a non-genomic effect mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-alpha) and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) receptor, is discussed. The research related to fatty acid ethanolamides has been focused until recently on anandamide and its interaction with cannabinoid receptor subtype 1. The roles of other N-acyl ethanolamine fatty acid derivatives have been neglected until it was demonstrated that OEA can modulate food intake control through interaction with PPAR-alpha. Further investigations demonstrated that OEA modulates lipid and glucose metabolism, and recent study confirmed that OEA is an antagonist of TRVP1. It has been demonstrated that OEA has beneficial effects on health by inducing food intake control, lipid beta-oxidation, body weight loss and analgesic effects. The investigation of the mechanism of action revealed that OEA activates PPAR-alpha and stimulates the vagal nerve through the capsaicin receptor TRPV1. Pre-clinical studies showed that OEA remains active when administered orally.
Systematic Fuel Reduction Strategies of Series Hybrid Transit Bus (2007)

Series hybrid electric vehicle have potential in effectively reducing vehicle fuel consumption and exhaust emissions. In this paper, three refinements of the basic energy management strategy are discussed and compared with its basic energy management strategy to test their effect on fuel reduction of a series hybrid transit bus. Simulation and experimentation results show that these refinements of basic energy management strategy can improve vehicle fuel consumption evidently.