gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of<i>E2F3</i>promotes proliferation of functional human β cells without induction of apoptosis (2013)

The mechanisms that control proliferation, or lack thereof, in adult human β cells are poorly understood. Controlled induction of proliferation could dramatically expand the clinical application of islet cell transplantation and represents an important component of regenerative approaches to a functional cure of diabetes. Adult human β cells are particularly resistant to common proliferative targets and often dedifferentiate during proliferation. Here we show that expression of the transcription factor E2F3 has a role in regulating β-cell quiescence and proliferation. We found human islets have virtually no expression of the pro-proliferative G 1/S transcription factors E2F1-3, but an abundance of inhibitory E2Fs 4-6. In proliferative human insulinomas, inhibitory E2Fs were absent, while E2F3 is expressed. Using this pattern as a "roadmap" for proliferation, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of nuclear E2F3 induced significant expansion of insulin-positive cells in both rat and human islets. These cells did not undergo apoptosis and retained their glucose-responsive insulin secretion, showing the ability to reverse diabetes in mice. Our results suggest that E2F4-6 may help maintain quiescence in human β cells and identify E2F3 as a novel target to induce proliferation of functional β cells. Refinement of this approach may increase the islets available for cell-based therapies and research and could provide important cues for understanding in vivo proliferation of β cells.
Modelling of compound combination effects and applications to efficacy and toxicity: state-of-the-art, challenges and perspectives (2015)

The development of treatments involving combinations of drugs is a promising approach towards combating complex or multifactorial disorders. However, the large number of compound combinations that can be generated, even from small compound collections, means that exhaustive experimental testing is infeasible. The ability to predict the behaviour of compound combinations in biological systems, whittling down the number of combinations to be tested, is therefore crucial. Here, we review the current state-of-the-art in the field of compound combination modelling, with the aim to support the development of approaches that, as we hope, will finally lead to an integration of chemical with systems-level biological information for predicting the effect of chemical mixtures.
Nucleotide Metabolism and Cell-Cell Interactions (2006)

Interactions between the vascular endothelium and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) are central to PMN emigration into inflamed tissues, and to neutrophil-endothelial crosstalk pathways that modulate inflammatory responses and vascular barrier function. For example, during episodes of inflammation, the transendothelial migration (TEM) of PMNs potentially disturbs vascular barrier and gives rise to intravascular fluid extravasation and edema. However, because of the close special relationship between PMNs and the vascular endothelium, TEM creates an ideal situation for neutrophil-endothelial crosstalk. While investigating innate mechanisms to dampen intravascular fluid loss and edema occurring during TEM, we observed that PMNs release adenine nucleotides after activation (adenosine triphosphate [ATP] and adenosine monophosphate [AMP]). ATP and AMP are metabolized by endothelial cell-surface enzymes, the ecto-apyrase (CD39, metabolizes ATP to AMP) and the 5'-ecto-nucleotidase (CD73, metabolizes AMP to adenosine). Adenosine generated in this fashion can activate endothelial adenosine receptors, leading to increases in intracellular cyclic AMP and resealing of the endothelial junctions, thereby promoting vascular barrier function. This crosstalk pathway provides an endogenous mechanism to dampen vascular leak syndrome during neutrophil-endothelial interaction. In other words, during TEM, neutrophils close the door behind them.
Cellular-automata method for phase unwrapping (1987)

Research into two-dimensional phase unwrapping has uncovered interesting and troublesome inconsistencies that cause path-dependent results. Cellular automata, which are simple, discrete mathematical systems, offered promise of computation in a nondirectional, parallel manner. A cellular automaton was discovered that can unwrap consistent phase data in n dimensions in a path-independent manner and can automatically accommodate noise-induced (pointlike) inconsistencies and arbitrary boundary conditions (region partitioning). For data with regional (nonpointlike) inconsistencies, no phase-unwrapping algorithm will converge, including the cellular-automata approach. However, the automata method permits more simple visualization of the regional inconsistencies. Examples of its behavior on one- and two-dimensional data are presented.
Toxoplasma antigens recognized by human immunoglobulin A antibodies (1990)

The immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody response to antigens of Toxoplasma gondii during the acute and chronic stages of T. gondii infection was studied by immunoblotting with a nonreduced antigen (NRA) preparation. Serum samples were from individuals with acute or chronic T. gondii infection, and sequential samples were from women who seroconverted during gestation or congenitally infected infants. IgA antibodies to a variety of antigens were present in sera from each of the groups, irrespective of the titer in an IgA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The predominant NRA recognized by IgA antibodies in sera from each of the four groups had an approximate molecular weight of 30,000. Other prominent NRAs had approximate molecular weights of 35,000 and 5,000; however, the latter NRA was not present in sera of congenitally infected infants.
Simultaneous switching noise in IBIS models (2004)

In this paper, a tool to convert SPICE netlists to IBIS (Input/Output Buffer Information Specification) models is presented This tool simulates the netlist on a user-desirable SPICE engine and produces both static and dynamic characteristics of the IBIS model. A CMOS driver circuit is simulated in HSPICE and compared with an equivalent circuit created with IBIS models of the same drivers. Outputs from the drivers are compared IBIS models are also compared against macro-models of nonlinear digital drivers using spline functions with finite time difference approximation modeling techniques.
Transformation of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (2007)

Transformation of polycythemia vera to chronic myelogenous leukemia is a rare event. We report 2 women with long-standing polycythemia vera who developed chronic myelogenous leukemia. Both patients had no BCR/ABL1 fusion at the time of polycythemia vera diagnosis but were positive for the fusion at chronic myelogenous leukemia onset. Most patients with polycythemia vera have JAK2(V617F) mutation. Analysis of an archival bone marrow aspirate sample from 1 patient showed a heterozygous mutation status. The blood and bone marrow samples from the other patient showed the presence of homozygous JAK2(V617F) mutation and BCR/ABL1 fusion. The possible pathogenesis of such an event is discussed in the light of current literature.
Cobalt Nanoparticles on Charcoal:  A Versatile Catalyst in the Pauson−Khand Reaction, Hydrogenation, and the Reductive Pauson−Khand Reaction (2002)

[formula: see text] Dispersions of nanometer-sized cobalt particles with very high stability were prepared in charcoal and analyzed by electron microscopy and X-ray analysis. The resulting cobalt nanoparticles on charcoal (CNC) were successfully used as a catalyst for the carbonylative cycloaddition of alkyne, alkene, and carbon monoxide (Pauson-Khand reaction), hydrogenation, and the reductive Pauson-Khand reaction.
Ferroelectricity in Simple Binary ZrO<sub>2</sub> and HfO<sub>2</sub> (2012)

The transition metal oxides ZrO(2) and HfO(2) as well as their solid solution are widely researched and, like most binary oxides, are expected to exhibit centrosymmetric crystal structure and therewith linear dielectric characteristics. For this reason, those oxides, even though successfully introduced into microelectronics, were never considered to be more than simple dielectrics possessing limited functionality. Here we report the discovery of a field-driven ferroelectric phase transition in pure, sub 10 nm ZrO(2) thin films and a composition- and temperature-dependent transition to a stable ferroelectric phase in the HfO(2)-ZrO(2) mixed oxide. These unusual findings are attributed to a size-driven tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition that in thin films, similar to the anticipated tetragonal to monoclinic transition, is lowered to room temperature. A structural investigation revealed the orthorhombic phase to be of space group Pbc2(1), whose noncentrosymmetric nature is deemed responsible for the spontaneous polarization in this novel, nanoscale ferroelectrics.
Bandits on the information superhighway (1996)

Most people on the Internet behave honestly, but there are always some troublemakers. What risks might you encounter online? And what practical steps can you take to keep yourself safe and happy?Bandits on the Information Superhighway provides a crash course in Internet street smarts, revealing realistic risks that every user should know about. In addition, this book debunks the overhyped about Net pornography, computer crime, and dangers to children, perpetuated by the uninformed media. The Net really is a safe place, as long as you take a few simple precautions. provides that knowledge.Bandits covers online privacy, fake money-making schemes, deceptive advertising, electronic junk mail and spamming, safe buying and selling, advice for parents, online romance do's and don'ts, pranks and hoaxes, users' rights, and much more.This book will show you: How much privacy you have on the Net, and how you can moreHow to spot common Internet scams, like get rich quick schemes and deceptive advertising, and where to look for help if you ripped offThe Ten Commandments of buying and selling personal items on the Net, when you don't know the other people involvedWhat every parent should know about the Internet, and the simple truth behind popular scare stories about pornography and pedophilesThe risks of meeting, trusting, or falling in love with people that you've never met in the fleshWith first-person anecdotes, technical tips, and the advice of experts from diverse fields, Bandits on the Information Superhighway helps you identify and avoid risks online, so you can have a more productive and enjoyable time on the Internet.
Immunotherapy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Facts and Hopes (2017)

Treatment of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the advanced stage remains a great challenge, with very few drugs approved. After decades of failure of immune therapies, immune checkpoint inhibitors have emerged as potentially effective treatments for patients with HCC in the advanced stage. Immune checkpoints, including human cancer, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4), and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), are surface proteins expressed in a variety of immune cells and mostly provide immunosuppressive signals. Monoclonal antibodies able to block these molecules have shown antitumor activity against a wide spectrum of human cancers. Clinical experience with checkpoint inhibitors in HCC includes early trials with the anti-CTLA-4 agent tremelimumab and a large phase II trial with the anti-PD-1 agent nivolumab. The latter has shown strong activity particularly as second-line therapy, both in terms of tumor response and patient survival. At least three topics should be the focus of future research: (i) the search for activity in patients at less-advanced stages, including the adjuvant treatment of patients with resectable or ablatable tumors; (ii) the enhanced efficacy of combination therapies, including particularly the combination with those targeted and locoregional therapies that may have a synergistic effect or act upon mechanisms of primary or acquired resistance to checkpoint inhibitors; and (iii) the identification of clinical features and serum or tissue biomarkers that would allow a better patient selection for individual treatments. Hopefully, ongoing trials will help to design better treatments in the future. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(7); 1518-24. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Integrating Internet Resource Discovery Services with Open Hypermedia Systems (1993)

Over the past few years the number of people accessing the Internet and the quantity and variety of resources available through this medium has increased dramatically. To enable easier access to these information stores systems have been developed to partially automate the location and retrieval of any required part of this data reserve. These utilities can, at present, be used in conjunction with existing hypermedia systems as peripheral parts rather than as an integrated item. This paper will discuss these systems and investigate methods by which they can be used, and how they may increase the effectiveness of hypermedia systems, such as Microcosm, if they can be made an integral part of such software environments.
High Saturation Power Josephson Parametric Amplifier with GHz Bandwidth (2019)

We present design and simulation of a Josephson parametric amplifier with bandwidth exceeding 1.6 GHz, and with high saturation power approaching -90 dBm at a gain of 22.8 dB. An improvement by a factor of roughly 50 in bandwidth over the state of the art is achieved by using well-established impedance matching techniques. An improvement by a factor of roughly 100 in saturation power over the state of the art is achieved by implementing the Josephson nonlinear element as an array of rf-SQUIDs with a total of 40 junctions. WRSpice simulations of the circuit are in excellent agreement with the calculated gain and saturation characteristics.
Identification on a human sarcoma of two new genes with tumor-specific expression. (2000)

Genes MAGE, BAGE, GAGE, and LAGE-1/NY-ESO-1 code for antigens that are recognized on melanoma cells by autologous CTLs. Because the pattern of expression of these genes results in the presence of antigens on many tumors of various histological types and not on normal tissues, these antigens qualify for cancer immunotherapy. To identify new genes with tumor-specific expression, we applied a cDNA subtraction approach, ie., representational difference analysis, to a human sarcoma cell line. We obtained two cDNA clones that appeared to be tumor specific. The corresponding genes were named SAGE and HAGE because they have the same pattern of expression as genes of the MAGE family. SAGE encodes a putative protein of 904 amino acids and shows no homology to any recorded gene. Like the MAGE-A genes, it is located in the q28 region of chromosome X. Expression of gene SAGE was observed mainly in bladder carcinoma, lung carcinoma, and head and neck carcinoma but not in normal tissues, with the exception of testis. Gene HAGE, which is located on chromosome 6, encodes a putative protein of 648 amino acids. This protein is a new member of the DEAD-box family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases. Gene HAGE is expressed in many tumors of various histological types at a level that is 100-fold higher than the level observed in normal tissues except testis. Because of this tumor-specific expression, genes SAGE and HAGE ought to encode antigens that could be useful for antitumoral therapeutic vaccination.
Effect of Electroporation on Cardiac Electrophysiology (2008)

Defibrillation shocks are commonly used to terminate life-threatening arrhythmias. According to the excitation theory of defibrillation, such shocks are aimed at depolarizing the membranes of most cardiac cells, resulting in resynchronization of electrical activity in the heart. If shock-induced transmembrane potentials are large enough, they can cause transient tissue damage due to electroporation. In this review, evidence is presented that electroporation of the heart tissue can occur during clinically relevant intensities of the external electrical field and that electroporation can affect the outcome of defibrillation therapy, being both pro- and antiarrhythmic.Here, we present experimental evidence for electroporation in cardiac tissue, which occurs above a threshold of 25 V/cm as evident from propidium iodide uptake, transient diastolic depolarization, and reductions of action potential amplitude and its derivative. These electrophysiological changes can induce tachyarrhythmia, due to conduction block and possibly triggered activity; however, our findings provide the foundation for future design of effective methods to deliver genes and drugs to cardiac tissues, while avoiding possible side effects such as arrhythmia and mechanical stunning.
Theoretical studies of the structural, electronic and optical properties of carbazole‐based compounds (2011)

Carbazole derivatives have drawn increasing attention recently in organic electronic device applications because of their particular optoelectronic properties. An in‐depth theoretical investigation was elaborated in this paper to reveal the molecular structures, optoelectronic properties, and the structure‐property relationships of different carbazole‐linked functional groups. The geometric and electronic structures in ground and the mobility for the hole and electron are both calculated by density functional theory method. The excited‐state geometries of these compounds were obtained through Single‐excitation Configuration Interaction method, and time‐dependent density functional theory calculation results described the absorption and emission spectra properties, respectively. Some conclusions are as follows: (1) enlarging the π‐conjugated area, the corresponding spectra red shifted markedly; (2) by introducing the electron‐donor such as carbazole, the spectra blue shifted slightly; (3) compared with compound 1, the spectra for these compounds are hardly influenced by introducing an electron‐acceptor or heterocyclic substitution. On all accounts, these compounds are interesting optoelectronic functional materials. On the basis of their structural modifiability, the arylamine derivatives substituted carbazole compounds have great potential in the applications of organic light‐emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and sensors. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proposal for Extending the UPC Memory Copy Library Functions andSupporting Extensions to GASNet, Version 2.0 (2007)

This document outlines a proposal for extending UPC'spoint-to-point memcpy library with support for explicitly non-blockingtransfers, and non-contiguous (indexed and strided) transfers. Variousportions of this proposal could stand alone as independent extensions tothe UPC library. The designs presented here are heavily influenced byanalogous functionality which exists in other parallel communicationsystems, such as MPI, ARMCI, Titanium, and network hardware API's such asQuadrics elan, Infiniband vapi, IBM LAPI and Cray X-1. Each sectioncontains proposed extensions to the libraries in the UPC LanguageSpecification (section 7) and corresponding extensions to the GASNetcommunication system API.
Increasing the modal density in plates for mono-element focusing in air (2013)

Acoustic focusing experiments usually require large arrays of transducers. It has been shown by Etaix et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 131, 395-399 (2012)] that the use of a cavity allows reducing this number of transducers. This paper presents experiments with Duralumin plates (the cavities) containing scatterers to improve the contrast of focusing. The use of a scatterer array in the plate allows increasing the modal density at given frequencies. The scatterers used are membranes and buttons that are manufactured in Duralumin plates. Their resonances are studied both experimentally and numerically. Such scatterers present the advantage of having a tunable frequency resonance, which allows controlling the frequencies at which the modal density increases. The dispersion relations of plates with scatterer array show high modal density at given frequencies. Finally acoustic focusing experiments in air, using these plates, are compared to the ones of simple duralumin plates demonstrating the improvement of contrast. Acoustic source localization is also realized using these plates.
Role of ephrinB2 expression in endothelial cells during arteriogenesis: impact on smooth muscle cell migration and monocyte recruitment (2008)

Expression of the arterial marker molecule ephrinB2 in endothelial cells is a prerequisite for adequate remodeling processes of the developing or angiogenic vasculature. Although its role in these processes has been extensively studied, the impact of ephrinB2 on the remodeling of adult arteries is largely unknown. To this end, we analyzed its expression during a biomechanically induced arteriolar remodeling process known as arteriogenesis and noted a significant increase in ephrinB2 expression under these conditions. By examining those biomechanical forces presumed to drive arteriogenesis, we identified cyclic stretch as a critical inducer of ephrinB2 expression in endothelial cells. Subsequent functional analyses in vitro revealed that endothelial cells expressing ephrinB2 limit the migration of smooth muscle cells, thereby enhancing segregation of both cell types. Moreover, MCP-1 induced transmigration of monocytes through a monolayer of endothelial cells overexpressing a truncated variant of ephrinB2 was clearly impeded. Taken together, these data suggest that expression of ephrinB2 in adult endothelial cells is up-regulated during arterial remodeling and controlled by cyclic stretch, a well-known inducer of such processes. This stretch-induced ephrinB2 expression may be pivotal for arteriogenesis as it limits smooth muscle cell migration within defined borders and controls monocyte extravasation.
Traumatic brain injury education for adult patients and families: a scoping review (2018)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly viewed as a chronic condition, bringing long-term needs for patient and caregiver knowledge pertaining to symptom and problem management over time. In light of these needs, we performed a scoping review of the literature on brain injury education provided to adult patients and/ or family members affected by TBI. Objectives were to describe the types of educational interventions that have been developed; to review the effects of these interventions; and to determine gaps that might be filled by future research efforts. Of 88 articles meeting search criteria and subjected to data extraction, 34 concerned education about mild TBI and 54, moderate to severe TBI. Most mild TBI articles focused on education in the Emergency Room, while most moderate/ severe TBI education was directed toward family members/ caregivers and was frequently combined with other treatment components, making the effects of education difficult to discern. Only 1 article incorporated elements of self-management training (SMT), a model proved effective in other chronic health conditions. We recommend further exploration of SMT principles in long-term TBI care, as well as more precise definition of treatment components in all patient and family interventions, so that the specific effects of education and other treatment elements may be more readily evaluated.
Salivary cortisol and post traumatic stress symptoms : -a ten year follow-up of Swedish UN soldiers after a 6 months mission in Bosnia (2009)

This is to my knowledge the first time a ten-year follow-up study of salivary cortisol concentrations measured by immunoassays in relation to posttraumatic symptoms according to the Impact of Event ...