gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model Predictive Control of semi-active and active suspension systems with available road preview (2013)

Semi-active and active suspensions influencing the vertical dynamics of vehicles enable improvement of ride comfort and handling characteristics compared to vehicles with passive suspensions. If the road height profile in front of the car is measured using vehicle sensors, more efficient control strategies can be applied. First, regarding vehicles with continuously variable dampers: A Model Predictive Controller incorporating the nonlinear constraints of the damper characteristic is set up and compared to a controller using linear constraints. The approximate linear constraints are obtained by a prediction of passive vehicle behavior over the preview horizon using a linearized model. Additionally, a controller without input constraints and clipping of the damper force is applied. This results in a quadratic program without constraints, which can be solved efficiently. The result of applying the optimal force without constraints is also evaluated, which corresponds to an ideal high bandwidth actuator. Next, two controllers for vehicles with a low bandwidth active suspension and variable dampers are proposed. While the first approach optimizes only the actuator displacement combined with the damper's soft characteristic, the second approach optimizes both the damper force and the actuator displacement. Simulation results of the controllers and the active and semi-active suspensions over real road height profiles are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Studies of Azulene and Its Derivatives. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An integrated algorithm of incremental and robust PCA (2004)

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-established technique in image processing and pattern recognition. Incremental PCA and robust PCA are two interesting problems with numerous potential applications. However, these two issues have only been separately addressed in the previous studies. In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for incremental and robust PCA by seamlessly integrating the two issues together. The proposed algorithm has the advantages of both incremental PCA and robust PCA. Moreover, unlike most M-estimation based robust algorithms, it is computational efficient. Experimental results on dynamic background modelling are provided to show the performance of the algorithm with a comparison to the conventional batch-mode and nonrobust algorithms.
Partial Volume Estimation and the Fuzzy C-means Algorithm (1998)

Partial volume averaging (PVA) is present in nearly all practical imaging situations, medical imaging in particular. One method that has been used to account for the effects of PVA is the fuzzy c-means algorithm (FCM). We propose a new method for estimating the partial volume coefficient of each class at each voxel in a given image using a Bayesian statistical model. A prior probability on the partial volume coefficients is used to reflect how most voxels in the image are expected to be pure. We then show that the results obtained by this method are quite similar and in some cases equivalent to results obtained using FCM. Both algorithms are demonstrated on a magnetic resonance image of the brain. 1. Introduction An important application in medical imaging is the segmentation and volumetric quantification of anatomical structures in an acquired image. Nearly all images, however, are subject to the partial volume averaging (PVA) artifact, which occurs when multiple tissues are presen...
Targeted Delivery Systems of Small Interfering RNA by Systemic Administration (2007)

RNA interference (RNAi) is induced by 21-25 nucleotide, double-stranded small interfering RNA (siRNA), which is incorporated into the RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC) and is a guide for cleavage of the complementary target mRNA in the cytoplasm. There are many obstacles to in vivo delivery of siRNAs, such as degradation by enzymes in blood, interaction with blood components and non-specific uptake by the cells, which govern biodistribution in the body. In order to achieve the knockdown by siRNAs in vivo, many delivery systems of siRNAs based on physical and pharmaceutical approaches have been proposed. In addition, the immune responses of siRNA must be taken into account when considering the application of siRNAs to in vivo therapy. This review focuses on recent reports about delivery systems and immune responses of siRNAs.
Micro Injection Molding (2009)

No AccessInjection MoldingMay 2009Micro Injection MoldingVolker Piotter, Guido Finnah, Thomas Hanemann, Robert RuprechtVolker Piotter, Guido Finnah, Thomas Hanemann, Robert Ruprechthttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446433731.010SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2009Pages: 341-393Print ISBN: 978-3-446-41685-7eISBN: 978-3-446-43373-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2009 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
High speed, high efficiency resonant-cavity enhancedInGaAs MSM photodetectors (1996)

Resonant-cavity-enhanced In/InGaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors designed for 1.31 µm wavelength and rear illumination are demonstrated. The bottom mirror of the microcavity consists of an InGaAlAs/InAlAs buried Bragg reflector, and the top mirror comprises the interdigitated contact metallisation and a Si/SiNx quarter wave stack deposited on the surface. An external quantum efficiency of 77%, and a 3 dB bandwidth of 10 GHz, are achieved with an InGaAs absorber thickness of 300 nm.
Field studies of the responses of tsetse flies (Glossinidae) and other Diptera to carbon dioxide, acetone and other chemicals (1980)

Abstract In studies in the Zambesi Valley, Zimbabwe, carbon dioxide alone dispensed at 2·5 to 15 litres/min, or acetone alone dispensed at 0·3 to 300 g·h, increased by up to six times the catches of Glossina morsitans morsitans Westw, and G. pallidipes Aust. from stationary biconical traps, stationary electrocuting traps used with and without a visual target, and a mobile party of hand-net catchers. Catches were increased further when the chemicals were dispensed together. Carbon dioxide at 2·5 litres/min plus acetone at 15 g/h was about half as effective as ox odour for enhancing the catches from an electrocuting trap plus target; the efficacy of carbon dioxide at 15 litres/min plus acetone at 300 g/h was not significantly different from that of ox odour. Several short-chain ketones, and also formaldehyde and propionaldehyde, were attractive. Several long-chain ketones, and also heptaldehyde and caproic acid, were repellent. Carbon dioxide was attractive for Tabanidae, Stomoxyinae and non-biting Muscidae. Acetic acid was repellent for Stomoxyinae and non-biting Muscidae.
Ensemble Method for Robust Motion Estimation (2006)

The core of the traditional RANSAC algorithm and its more recent efficient counterparts is the hypothesis evaluation stage, with the focus on finding the best, outlier free hypothesis. Motivated by a non-parametric ensemble techniques, we demonstrate that it proves advantageous to use the entire set of hypotheses generated in the sampling stage. We show that by studying the residual distribution of each data point with respect to the entire set of hypotheses, the problem of inlier/ outlier identification can be formulated as a classification problem. We present extensive simulations of the approach, which in the presence of a large percentage (> 50%) of outliers, provides a repeatable and, an order of magnitude more efficient method compared to the currently existing techniques. Results on widebaseline matching and fundamental matrix estimation are presented.
Friction and Wear Properties of Chemomechanically Polished Diamond Films (1994)

The role of surface roughness on the coefficient of friction and wear of polished CVD diamond films has been investigated. Diamond films grown on single crystal silicon (001) substrates by Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition (HFCVD) process were polished by a chemomechanical process in which a diamond film was polished against another diamond film in the presence of a fused alkaline oxidizer at 320°C. Friction and wear properties of these polished films were measured at elevated temperatures and in the presence of various gaseous environments. The coefficient of friction of the polished diamond films was found to be about 0.09, which is very close to that of natural diamond (0.07). The wear rate of the mating alumina ball slid against a polished diamond film was also found to be comparable, when slid natural diamond.
Clinical Evaluation and Utilization of Multiple Molecular In Vitro Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Based on these evaluations, a multiplatform testing approach is proposed, depending on patient population and assay sensitivity, to address testing needs during a public health emergency.
Environmentally benign and facile reduction of graphene oxide by flash light irradiation (2015)

In this work, we demonstrate an environmentally benign and facile flash light irradiation process to reduce graphene oxide (GO). GO thin films were prepared by a vacuum filtration process, and these films were reduced by exposure to flash light irradiation for a few milliseconds at room temperature under ambient conditions. Flash light conditions such as energy, pulse width, and pulse number were varied to determine optimal conditions for this photothermal reduction of GO. The flash light irradiation treatment completely reduced the GO thin films, transforming them into pure graphene films. The resulting graphene films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis.
Carbohydrate Restriction has a More Favorable Impact on the Metabolic Syndrome than a Low Fat Diet (2008)

We recently proposed that the biological markers improved by carbohydrate restriction were precisely those that define the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and that the common thread was regulation of insulin as a control element. We specifically tested the idea with a 12-week study comparing two hypocaloric diets (approximately 1,500 kcal): a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) (%carbohydrate:fat:protein = 12:59:28) and a low-fat diet (LFD) (56:24:20) in 40 subjects with atherogenic dyslipidemia. Both interventions led to improvements in several metabolic markers, but subjects following the CRD had consistently reduced glucose (-12%) and insulin (-50%) concentrations, insulin sensitivity (-55%), weight loss (-10%), decreased adiposity (-14%), and more favorable triacylglycerol (TAG) (-51%), HDL-C (13%) and total cholesterol/HDL-C ratio (-14%) responses. In addition to these markers for MetS, the CRD subjects showed more favorable responses to alternative indicators of cardiovascular risk: postprandial lipemia (-47%), the Apo B/Apo A-1 ratio (-16%), and LDL particle distribution. Despite a threefold higher intake of dietary saturated fat during the CRD, saturated fatty acids in TAG and cholesteryl ester were significantly decreased, as was palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), an endogenous marker of lipogenesis, compared to subjects consuming the LFD. Serum retinol binding protein 4 has been linked to insulin-resistant states, and only the CRD decreased this marker (-20%). The findings provide support for unifying the disparate markers of MetS and for the proposed intimate connection with dietary carbohydrate. The results support the use of dietary carbohydrate restriction as an effective approach to improve features of MetS and cardiovascular risk.
A fully planarized multilevel interconnection technology using selective TEOS-Ozone APCVD (1992)

A new interlayer dielectric film planarization technology for sub-half-micron multilevel interconnections has been developed. This technology utilizes a new selective TEOS-Ozone APCVD SiO/sub 2/ film formation technique which can be realized by differences in surface adsorption properties and flow characteristics of siloxane oligomers. The deposition rate can be reduced by putting Ti or its alloy metal films such as TiN and TiW on top of Al wirings. These metal films can reduce the oligomer adsorption and assist the oligomer flow into the spacings between Al wirings. Furthermore, the selectivity is enhanced by a CF/sub 4/ gas plasma pre-treatment, even on top of the W films. The TEOS-Ozone APCVD SiO/sub 2/ films deposited on the Ti/Al, TiN/Al, TiW/Al or W/Al wirings with the CF/sub 4/ pre-treatment were more than 40% thinner than those on PECVD SiO/sub 2/ under-layers. Higher capability for both local and global planarization of interlayer dielectrics was confirmed in a multilevel metallization scheme in the double-level Al interconnection technology with the 0.6 mu m design rule and in a prototype 64M DRAM fabrications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
1 MW Peak Power, Sub-Nanosecond Master Oscillator Fiber Power Amplifier (2011)

NA
Multipolar tensor analysis of second-order nonlinear optical response of surface and bulk of glass (2007)

We use two-beam second-harmonic generation to perform a quantitative tensor analysis of the effective dipolar surface nonlinearity and the separable multipolar bulk nonlinearity for BK7 glass. The most straightforward, self-consistent interpretation of the results is obtained when the effective surface response is assumed to have approximate Kleinman symmetry and the bulk contribution is dominated by magnetic, rather than quadrupole, effects.
3-(2′-Pyridyl)-l,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one and Its Derivatives as Potential Post-emergence Herbicides (1977)

Journal Article 3-(2′-Pyridyl)-l,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one and Its Derivatives as Potential Post-emergence Herbicides Get access Osamu Kirino, Osamu Kirino Research Department, Pesticides Division, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Ryo Yoshida, Ryo Yoshida Research Department, Pesticides Division, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Seizo Sumida Seizo Sumida Research Department, Pesticides Division, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., 4-2-1 Takatsukasa, Takarazuka, Hyogo 665, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 6, 1 June 1977, Pages 1093–1094, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1977.10862634 Published: 01 June 1977 Article history Received: 28 January 1977 Published: 01 June 1977
Active RFID positioning of vehicles in road traffic (2011)

Vehicle positioning is critical for Inter-vehicle Communication, navigation, vehicle monitoring and tracking, which are regarded as the technology to make everyday-driving safer. Conventional positioning methods (for example GPS) have poor accuracy (approximately ten meters, D-GPS has higher accuracy about one or two meters.), and could not positioning onto the lane, which is not enough to satisfy vehicle safety requirements such as collision avoidance. RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an old but newly emerged technology. In this paper, we propose RFID technology into vehicle positioning to improve positioning performance. The idea of this positioning scheme is that the RFID tags are installed along lanes on road to form RFID matrix and the vehicle equipped with RFID readers locate itself by retrieving position information from tags around it, thus called Active RFID Positioning (ARP). The proposed ARP scheme not only dramatically improves the accuracy of positioning; it is also more practical as well for scenarios like tunnels or underground parking where GPS is not available now.
Generation of high quality, 13 cycle pulses by active phase control of an octave spanning supercontinuum (2011)

Nonlinear pulse compression based on the generation of ultra-broadband supercontinuum (SC) in an all-normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber (ANDi PCF) is demonstrated. The highly coherent and smooth octave-spanning SC spectra are generated using 6 fs, 3 nJ pulses from a Ti:Sapphire oscillator for pumping a 13 mm piece of ANDi PCF. Applying active phase control has enabled the generation of 4.5 fs pulses. Additional spectral amplitude shaping has increased the bandwidth of the SC spectra further leading to nearly transform-limited pulses with a duration of 3.64 fs, which corresponds to only 1.3 optical cycles at a central wavelength of 810 nm. This is the shortest pulse duration achieved via compression of SC spectra generated in PCF to date. Due to the high stability and the smooth spectral intensity and phase distribution of the generated SC, an excellent temporal pulse quality exhibiting a pulse contrast of 14 dB with respect to the pre- and post-pulses is achieved.
Characterization of a chimeric proU operon in a subtilin-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 (1995)

The ability to respond to osmotic stress by osmoregulation is common to virtually all living cells. Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium can achieve osmotolerance by import of osmoprotectants such as proline and glycine betaine by an import system encoded in an operon called proU with genes for proteins ProV, ProW, and ProX. In this report, we describe the discovery of a proU-type locus in the gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. It contains four open reading frames (ProV, ProW, ProX, and ProZ) with homology to the gram-negative ProU proteins, with the B. subtilis ProV, ProW, and ProX proteins having sequence homologies of 35, 29, and 17%, respectively, to the E. coli proteins. The B. subtilis ProZ protein is similar to the ProW protein but is smaller and, accordingly, may fulfill a novel role in osmoprotection. The B. subtilis proU locus was discovered while exploring the chromosomal sequence upstream from the spa operon in B. subtilis LH45, which is a subtilin-producing mutant of B. subtilis 168. B. subtilis LH45 had been previously constructed by transformation of strain 168 with linear DNA from B. subtilis ATCC 6633 (W. Liu and J. N. Hansen, J. Bacteriol. 173:7387-7390, 1991). Hybridization experiments showed that LH45 resulted from recombination in a region of homology in the proV gene, so that the proU locus in LH45 is a chimera between strains 168 and 6633. Despite being a chimera, this proU locus was fully functional in its ability to confer osmotolerance when glycine betaine was available in the medium. Conversely, a mutant (LH45 deltaproU) in which most of the proU locus had been deleted grew poorly at high osmolarity in the presence of glycine betaine. We conclude that the proU-like locus in B. subtilis LH45 is a gram-positive counterpart of the proU locus in gram-negative bacteria and probably evolved prior to the evolutionary split of prokaryotes into gram-positive and gram-negative forms.
Crystal structure of 3,6-bis(4’-pyridyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]- pyrrole-1,4-dione, C16H10N4O2, at 93 Κ (2002)

Article Crystal structure of 3,6-bis(4’-pyridyl)-pyrrolo[3,4-c]- pyrrole-1,4-dione, C16H10N4O2, at 93 Κ was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 217, issue 1).
“My Les” (2022)

I met Les in April ‘74 when we were undergraduates at Manchester University Drama Department, and we have lived and worked together on and off ever since. Now that we have 3 grown children (most admirable human beings), a mortgage, a dog and cat and the rest, and have worked together on more than 30 productions, the task of trying to sum up what I think about Les seems daunting, almost ridiculous.
EB-5 Financing Program: Option for Financing Development in the Hospitality Industry (2012)

Congress created the EB-5 visa program in 1990 specifically to attract foreign private investment to finance business development while providing a pathway to permanent residency in the U.S. As a non-traditional alternative source of financing for hotel developers, this program has gained importance in the last several years partly due to the 2008 economic recession, the programâs affordability and flexibility, and hotelsâ capacity to create jobs to meet the requirements of the program.
BELM: Bayesian Extreme Learning Machine (2011)

The theory of extreme learning machine (ELM) has become very popular on the last few years. ELM is a new approach for learning the parameters of the hidden layers of a multilayer neural network (as the multilayer perceptron or the radial basis function neural network). Its main advantage is the lower computational cost, which is especially relevant when dealing with many patterns defined in a high-dimensional space. This brief proposes a bayesian approach to ELM, which presents some advantages over other approaches: it allows the introduction of a priori knowledge; obtains the confidence intervals (CIs) without the need of applying methods that are computationally intensive, e.g., bootstrap; and presents high generalization capabilities. Bayesian ELM is benchmarked against classical ELM in several artificial and real datasets that are widely used for the evaluation of machine learning algorithms. Achieved results show that the proposed approach produces a competitive accuracy with some additional advantages, namely, automatic production of CIs, reduction of probability of model overfitting, and use of a priori knowledge.
Design and Control of Paired Mobile Robots Working Across a Thin Plate With Application to Aircraft Manufacturing (2011)

A pair of mobile robots acting on opposite sides of a thin plate is developed for a class of tasks where robots have to work together, carrying a pair of end-effectors and traversing across a plate surface. Using powerful magnets, the paired robots attract each other, support themselves against gravity, and generate traction force to move across the panel. First, the design concept of paired mobile robots is presented, followed by dynamic modeling and magnetic analysis. Conditions for preventing the robot from falling as well as from slipping on the plate surface are examined. Time-optimal control of the paired robots subject to the no-fall, no-slip conditions is formulated and solved numerically. Precision positioning control using a laser beacon is designed and tested. A prototype of the paired robots using Halbach array permanent magnets and Lorentz force actuators is developed, and the control methods are implemented and tested on the prototype.
Single image dehazing with image entropy and information fidelity (2014)

In this paper, we propose a new single image dehazing approach based on information fidelity and image entropy. The global atmospheric light is estimated by quadtree subdivision using transformed hazy images. Then, transmission is estimated by an objective function which is comprised of information fidelity and image entropy at non-overlapped sub-block regions. This is further refined by a Weighted Least Squares (WLS) optimization procedure to alleviate block artifacts. We compared performance of the proposed method with conventional methods to validate its effectiveness in an experiment.