gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Battery charger and state of charge indicator. Final report (1984)

The battery charger has a full-wave rectifier in series with a transformer isolated 20 kHz dc-dc converter with high frequency switches which are programmed to actively shape the input ac line current to be a mirror image of the ac line voltage. The power circuit is capable of operating at 2 kW peak and 1 kW average power. The BC/SCI has two major subsystems: (1) the battery charger power electronics with its controls; and (2) a microcomputer subsystem which is used to acquire battery terminal data and exercise the state-of-charge software programs. The state-of-charge definition employed is the energy remaining in the battery when extracted at a 10 kW rate divided by the energy capacity of a fully charged new battery. The battery charger circuit is an isolated boost converter operating at an internal frequency of 20 kHz. The switches selected for the battery charger are the single most important item in determining its efficiency. The combination of voltage and current requirements dictated the use of high power NPN Darlington switching transistors. The power circuit topology developed is a three switch design utilizing a power FET on the center tap of the isolation transformer and the power Darlingtons on each of the two ends. An analog control system is employed to accomplish active input current waveshaping as well as the necessary regulation.
Patients with psoriasis have an increased amount of epicardial fat tissue (2013)

Patients with psoriasis had a higher level of EFA compared with controls, and EFA was independently associated with the presence of CAC in all study subjects.
A 28-year-old female with lower abdominal pain (2014)

A 28-year-old nulligravida presented to the emergency department with a two day history of lower abdominal pain. Initially the pain was dull and diffuse, but it had progressed to a sharp sensation in the right lower quadrant. She stated that she was currently menstruating and has a regular 28-day menstrual cycle. However, upon further questioning, her last menstrual period (LMP) was 45 days ago and this period was lighter than usual. Physical examination revealed normal vital signs (HR 86, BP 114/72, RR 19, SpO2 99%, temperature 37.8C) and tenderness to palpation in the right lower quadrant. Pelvic examination demonstrated right adnexal fullness. She had a remote history of Chlamydia trachomatis infection, but was otherwise healthy. A serum -hCG was 2400 mIU/mL; therefore, a transvaginal ultrasound was performed (Figure
Surface Pressure Measurement on a Rotating Blade of Field Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine in Yawed Condition (2005)

This paper shows the pressure distribution at the 50%radial section of a rotor blade of 10m-diameter wind turbine in yawed operation. The pressure sensors were mounted on the blade, and local inflow angle and local dynamic pressure were measured with the use of five hole Pitot tubes at 1 chord length upwind of the blade leading edge. It was found that the normal force coefficient in yawed condition decreases compared to that for non-yawed condition. Even if local angle of attack and the relative inflow velocity are the same, pressure distribution shows differences due to the local slip angle. The tufts flow-visualization on the rotating blade was carried out by setting a video camera on the rotating system. Separation in the region of middle chord to trailing edge on suction surface is thought to be the main reason of the reduction of normal force coefficients.
Investigating blur in the framework of reverse projection (2007)

This thesis presents a reverse projection model for image formation, which is particularly useful for explaining blur. The model is used to develop novel methods for two different applications: removing the effects of blurred occluding objects and recovering the 3D structure of scenes from defocused images. With respect to depth recovery, the model shows that, when out of focus, multiple pixels record light reflected from the same region of the scene, giving rise to a measurable increase in the correlation between such pixels. Having found that increase to be proportional to scene depth, correlation measurements are used to estimate the depth of objects in a scene, giving a new method for the recovery of depth from defocus. In addition, this thesis presents a method by which this and other depth from defocus methods can be made more accurate by evolving the region over which blur is measured. Using an elliptical model for the measurement region, it is shown that a straightforward algorithm can be used to produce more accurate depth estimates near discontinuities in depth and surface orientation. With respect to occluding objects, the reverse projection blur framework is used to model image formation near large discontinuities in depth. This leads to a validated model that describes the way in which light from the foreground and background objects combine on a camera's sensor, and a method for the removal of the contribution of the occluding object. In order facilitate the removal of the occluding object's intensity from single images without user intervention, a method is developed to estimate the parameters necessary to remove this contribution.
Scale-Up Considerations and Bioreactor Development for Animal Cell Cultivation (2020)

The standard fermentor has been and is the workhorse of the bioreactor stable used in biotechnology. The effects of hydrodynamic forces on animal cells in a stirred bioreactor have been most extensively studied in microcarrier systems, where the cells grow attached to the surface of spherical particles typically about 180 µm in diameter. Insect cells and animal cells can be grown well in large vessels. The Kolmogorov theory and the hypothetical killing volume model are, in this respect, the promising approaches for optimal design of large-scale animal cell bioreactors. In addition, sparged gas bubbles subject the cell to surface tension forces and to fluid mechanical forces resulting from the motion, disengagement and bursting of bubbles, and from foaming. Animal cells on microcarriers are especially susceptible to shear. In addition to the lack of a protective cell wall and their relatively large size, they also lack individual cell mobility.
Terahertz Transmittance in Bilayer Graphene Nanoribbons (2009)

The optical transmittance of bilayer graphene nanoribbons in the terahertz regime has been calculated. Terahertz active bilayer ribbons are almost completely opaque as opposed to graphene sheets which are almost completely transparent
Bayesian Nonparametric Inference for Random Distributions and Related Functions (1999)

Summary In recent years, Bayesian nonparametric inference, both theoretical and computational, has witnessed considerable advances. However, these advances have not received a full critical and comparative analysis of their scope, impact and limitations in statistical modelling; many aspects of the theory and methods remain a mystery to practitioners and many open questions remain. In this paper, we discuss and illustrate the rich modelling and analytic possibilities that are available to the statistician within the Bayesian nonparametric and/or semiparametric framework.
Diastereoconversion of Threo 2-Amino Alcohols to Erythro Isomers Through a New Cyclocarbamation (1988)

A diastereoconversion of threo 2-amino alcohols to erythro isomers was achieved by treatment of N-Boc derivatives with thmnyl chlorldc or wlth methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine, hereby cis-4.5-disubstitutedoxamlidin-2-ones being produced.1 Recently, stereoselective construction of 2-amino alcohols have been greatly stimulated in peptidomimetic chemistry and pharmacological research.Several methods for a stereochemically cantrolled synthesis of 2-amino alcohols have been Diastereoconversion of one isomer to would be an important subject from both synthetic and medicinal points of view.Recently, we reported the new facile method for diastereoconversion of 2-amino alcohols without racemi~ation.~We further investigated a diastereoconversmn of N-alkylated threo 2-amino alcohols, obtained through an alkylation of oxazolidin-2-one at the 4-position with high diastereoselectivty.Treatment of N-t-butoxycarbonyl threo 2-amino alcohols with thionyl chloride under the conditions reported previously5 or with methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine yielded 4,5-c~s-oxazol1d~n-Z-ones, *ich are synthetic equivalent of erythro isomers.The results of our studies are described in this paper.At first threo 2-amino alcohols (7a-e) were prepared 6 according to the method reported previously wlth high diastereoselectivity as outlined in the Scheme 1. Reduction of the carbamates (3a-c.e),obtalned by the reaction of la-c and Za-d, wlthdlisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAI-H) followed by treatment with ethanol at pH 1-2 afforded the corresponding 4-ethoxy-5-substiruted oxamlidin-2-ones (Sa-c.5e).respectively.S-Benzyl-4ethoxyoxazolidin-2-one (5d) was obtained by reduction of 4 with sodium borohydride followed by treatment with ethanol at pH 1-2.The compound (4) was in turn obtained by condensation of methyl 6 a-hydroxyphenylpropionate (lc) and methyl isocyanate (Za).Allylation of Sa-e with allyltrimethylsilane in the presence of titanium tetrachloride gave the corresponding e -4 -a l l y l -5-subst~tuted oxazolidin-2-ones (6a-e) in 82-88 % yield, as a single diastereomer in all cases.Cleavage of oxazolidinone ring of 6a-e (10 % aq.EtOH-NaW, reflux, 10 h) gave the corresponding threo 2-ammo alcohols (7a-e), respectively in yield shown in the Table 1.t-Butoxycarbonylation
3D Backbone Network for 3D Object Detection. (2019)

The task of detecting 3D objects in traffic scenes has a pivotal role in many real-world applications. However, the performance of 3D object detection is lower than that of 2D object detection due to the lack of powerful 3D feature extraction methods. To address this issue, this study proposes a 3D backbone network to acquire comprehensive 3D feature maps for 3D object detection. It primarily consists of sparse 3D convolutional neural network operations in the point cloud. The 3D backbone network can inherently learn 3D features from the raw data without compressing the point cloud into multiple 2D images. The sparse 3D convolutional neural network takes full advantage of the sparsity in the 3D point cloud to accelerate computation and save memory, which makes the 3D backbone network feasible in a real-world application. Empirical experiments were conducted on the KITTI benchmark and comparable results were obtained with respect to the state-of-the-art performance for 3D object detection.
Hybridomas specific for carbohydrates; synthetic human blood group antigens for the production, selection, and characterization of monoclonal typing reagents. (1982)

A general method for the production of carbohydrate-specific hybridoma antibodies is illustrated by generation of monoclonal antibody to the antigenic determinant of human blood group B. This trisaccharide determinant was chemically synthesized and covalently coupled to bovine serum albumin and human blood group O red cells. Soluble protein antigen and the 'artificial' B red cells were used to immunize BALB/c mice before fusion of spleen cells with the Sp2/0 plasmacytoma cell line. ELISA screening of putative hybrids for B-specific binding activity was facilitated by the availability of a second synthetic conjugate, B-horse hemoglobin. IgM-producing clones were identified by class-specific ELISA reagents and by hemagglutination assay. In this way, clones suitable for blood typing were rapidly identified. The precise antigenic specificity and Ig class of such monoclonal antibodies were defined by inhibition of precipitation and by gel filtration. Hybridoma antibodies were obtained from two separate fusion experiments. One of these, clone 3E-4, was of the IgM class and possessed a binding site that was completely satisfied (100% inhibition) by the trisaccharide determinant of the B blood group. This antibody is shown to be suitable for use in blood typing.
BLIND MODULATION RECOGNITION FOR MIMO SYSTEMS (2009)

The blind recognition of communication parameters is an important research topic in both commercial and civilian systems. In this paper, we investigate the blind recognition of the modulation. Currently most part of the existing algorithms assumes that the transmitter uses a single-antenna. This study extends the problem for multiple-antennas (MIMO) systems. We adopt a Maximum Likelihood approach for the blind recognition of the modulation and we consider two different situations. First, we assume the channel knowledge at the receiver side and we expose the optimal solution which is called Average Likelihood Ratio Test (ALRT). Then, we relax this assumption and we propose a second method based on a Hybrid Likelihood Ratio Test (HLRT).
Energy Harvesting Aware routing protocol for wireless sensor networks (2014)

This paper considers energy efficiency of routing protocols in wireless sensor networks. Many routing protocols for sensor network have been proposed, some of them tried to cope with the ad-hoc nature while some others focus on improving the energy efficiency. We propose an Energy Harvesting Aware Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol (AODV-EHA) that not only inherits the advantage of existing AODV in dealing with WSN's ad hoc nature, but also make use of the energy harvesting capability of the sensor nodes in the network, which is very meaningful to the data transmission in the environmental and military applications under consideration. Simulations results show the proposed routing protocol has advantages over competing routing protocols in terms of energy cost for data packet delivery.
Combining Cavity for RF Power Sources: Higher Power Testing and Further Simulation (2006)

A combining cavity for RF power sources has been investigated previously reported in EPAC’ 04 [1] using computer simulations in CST’s Microwave Studio © and by building a low power model out of aluminium. The model has now been tested at higher power in a number different configurations and compared with earlier results. This paper discusses the results of the higher power test and options for a combiner that can be used at the high power required for particle accelerators. It discusses further design and future modelling.
Light on the moth-eye corneal nipple array of butterflies (2005)

The outer surface of the facet lenses in the compound eyes of moths consists of an array of excessive cuticular protuberances, termed corneal nipples. We have investigated the moth-eye corneal nipple array of the facet lenses of 19 diurnal butterfly species by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscope, as well as by optical modelling. The nipples appeared to be arranged in domains with almost crystalline, hexagonal packing. The nipple distances were found to vary only slightly, ranging from about 180 to 240 nm, but the nipple heights varied between 0 (papilionids) and 230 nm (a nymphalid), in good agreement with previous work. The nipples create an interface with a gradient refractive index between that of air and the facet lens material, because their distance is distinctly smaller than the wavelength of light. The gradient in the refractive index was deduced from effective medium theory. By dividing the height of the nipple layer into 100 thin slices, an optical multilayer model could be applied to calculate the reflectance of the facet lenses as a function of height, polarization and angle of incidence. The reflectance progressively diminished with increased nipple height. Nipples with a paraboloid shape and height 250 nm, touching each other at the base, virtually completely reduced the reflectance for normally incident light. The calculated dependence of the reflectance on polarization and angle of incidence agreed well with experimental data, underscoring the validity of the modelling. The corneal nipples presumably mainly function to reduce the eye glare of moths that are inactive during the day, so to make them less visible for predators. Moths are probably ancestral to the diurnal butterflies, suggesting that the reduced size of the nipples of most butterfly species indicates a vanishing trait. This effect is extreme in papilionids, which have virtually absent nipples, in line with their highly developed status. A similar evolutionary development can be noticed for the tapetum of the ommatidia of lepidopteran eyes. It is most elaborate in moth-eyes, but strongly reduced in most diurnal butterflies and absent in papilionids.
Cloning and functional characterization of the plasmid-encoded hemolysin determinant of Escherichia coli (1982)

We cloned the DNA containing the Escherichia coli hemolysin determinant on a small, high-copy plasmid. We generated plasmids containing fragments of this DNA and used them either alone or in two-plasmid complementation systems to define the limits of the structural genes. This system also allowed us to partially characterize the function of each of the gene products in the production and transport of hemolysin. Taken with previously published data, the present experiments indicate the following. (i) At least three cistrons, hlyC, hlyA, and hlyB (these were previously designated cisC, etc. [Noegel et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 175:343-350, 1979]), contain the specific genetic information for the hemolytic phenotype, (ii) hlyA encodes a 107,000-kilodalton protein, which seems to be an inactive precursor of hemolysin. (iii) Normal amounts of hemolysin activity inactive precursor of hemolysin. (iii) Normal amounts of hemolysin activity require only the products of hlyA and hlyC. This activity was found in the periplasm; very little hemolysin activity was found in the cytoplasm, suggesting that the hlyC product is required for transport or activation of the hlyA product or both. (iv) Active hemolysin remains in the periplasm in the absence of hlyB function, hence the hlyB product seems to be necessary for the transport of hemolysin to the exterior of the cell. We further show that overproduction of the hlyA product is lethal, probably causing lysis of the cell.
Pivotal Role of the Cyclin-dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21WAF1/CIP1 in Apoptosis and Autophagy (2007)

Programmed cell death (PCD) is involved in a variety of biologic events. Based on the morphologic appearance of the cells, there are two types of PCD as follows: apoptotic (type I) and autophagic (type II). However, the molecular machinery that determines the type of PCD is poorly defined. The purpose of this study was to show whether the presence of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1), a modulator of apoptosis, determines which type of PCD the cell undergoes. Treatment with C(2)-ceramide was associated with both the cleavage of caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and the degradation of autophagy-related Beclin 1 and Atg5 proteins, without a change in the cyclin-CDK activity, which culminated in apoptosis in p21(+/+) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). On the other hand, C(2)-ceramide did not cleave caspase-3 or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase and kept Beclin 1 and Atg5 proteins stable in p21(-/-) MEFs, events that this time culminated in autophagy. When expression of the p21 protein was inhibited by small interfering RNA or when the overexpression of Beclin 1 or Atg5 was induced, autophagy rather than apoptosis was initiated in the p21(+/+) MEFs treated with C(2)-ceramide. In contrast, the exogenous expression of p21 or the silencing of Beclin 1 and Atg5 with small interfering RNA increased the number of apoptotic cells and decreased the number of autophagic cells among C(2)-ceramide-treated p21(-/-) MEFs. gamma-Irradiation, which endogenously generates ceramide, induced a similar tendency in these MEFs. These results suggest that p21 plays an essential role in determining the type of cell death, positively for apoptosis and negatively for autophagy.
A vector finite element method with the high-order mixed-interpolation-type triangular elements for optical waveguiding problems (1994)

A vector finite element method with the high-order mixed-interpolation-type triangular elements is described for the analysis of optical waveguiding problems. It is a combination of linear edge elements for transverse components of the electric or magnetic field and quadratic nodal elements for the axial one. The use of mixed-interpolation-type elements provides a direct solution for propagation constants and avoids spurious solutions. This approach can yield more accurate results compared with the conventional approach using the lowest order mixed-interpolation-type elements, namely, constant edge elements and linear nodal elements. The accuracy of this approach is investigated by calculating the propagation characteristics of optical rib waveguides. Results obtained for both E/sup x/ and E/sup y/ polarizations are validated using benchmark results produced by established methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new bi-processor SmartPhone (2006)

In this work we introduce a new type of SmartPhone: a bi-processor SmartPhone equipped with a network interface GSM/GPRS/EDGE/UMTS. The architecture used, with two processors, is introduced to take advantage from the subdivision of the functionalities realized through the two processors. This results in a better distribution of different functions, all above when multi-media traffic is considered. Moreover the interaction between the two processors has to be realized in a convenient manner to better take advantage from the sub-division. The form of communication established between the two processors we have chosen is the serial communication based on the standard RS232. Before to realize the product we propose to evaluate the performance of a similar project. To do this last we built a simulator focusing our attention on the communication between the two processors and we generated different types of data traffic (voice call, sms, etc.). Furthermore we considered GPRS connections on our simulator to verify that a similar architecture, when correctly developed and dimensioned, can support this type of data traffic.
Clinical Classification of Cases of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, and Erythema Multiforme (1993)

This study suggests that an illustrated atlas is a useful tool for standardizing the diagnosis of acute severe bullous disorders that are attributed to drugs or infectious agents. Whether the five categories proposed represent distinct etiopathologic entities will require further epidemiologic and laboratory investigations.
Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi aggregation operators and its applications in multiple attribute decision‐making (2019)

The operations of -norm and -conorm, developed by Dombi, were generally known as Dombi operations, which may have a better expression of application if they are presented in a new form of flexibility within the general parameter. In this paper, we use Dombi operations to create a few Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi aggregation operators: Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi weighted average operator, Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi order weighted average operator, Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi hybrid weighted average operator, Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi weighted geometric operator, Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi order weighted geometric operator, and Pythagorean fuzzy Dombi hybrid weighted geometric operator. The distinguished feature of these proposed operators is examined. At that point, we have used these operators to build up a model to remedy the multiple attribute decision-making issues under Pythagorean fuzzy environment. Ultimately, a realistic instance is stated to substantiate the created model and to exhibit its applicability and viability.