gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Slowly Digestible Starch: Concept, Mechanism, and Proposed Extended Glycemic Index (2009)

Starch is the major glycemic carbohydrate in foods, and its nutritional property is related to its rate and extent of digestion and absorption in the small intestine. A classification of starch into rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), and resistant starch (RS) based on the in vitro Englyst test is used to specify the nutritional quality of starch. Both the RDS and RS fractions have been extensively studied while there are only limited studies on the intermediate starch fraction of SDS, particularly regarding its structural basis and slow digestion mechanism. The current understanding of SDS including its concept, measurement method, structural basis and mechanism, physiological consequences, and approaches to make SDS is reviewed. An in vivo method of extended glycemic index (EGI) is proposed to evaluate its metabolic effect and related health consequences.
Interpretation example of marine CSEM data (2007)

This paper discusses how seabed logging (SBL)—a special CSEM technique developed by Statoil—can be interpreted on a standalone basis and integrated with seismic data. We go through interpretation techniques in which geologic reference areas are compared to the target area and introduce a depth-conversion technique that can be used in the initial phase of interpretation. We also explain how depth migration can estimate lateral extent and depth to resistors. Finally we suggest a classification system for SBL anomalies.
The first enantioselective synthesis of cytotoxic marine natural product palau’imide and assignment of its C-20 stereochemistry (2010)

Methyl tetramate derivative 6 has been developed as a new building block for the flexible and racemization-free synthesis of methyl 5-benzyl-3-methyltetramate via alkylation, and used in the first asymmetric synthesis of palau'imide (1). This allowed the establishment of the hitherto unknown stereochemistry at the C-20 of palau'imide as S.
AMORPHOUS POROUS MIXED OXIDES: Sol-Gel Ways to a Highly Versatile Class of Materials and Catalysts (2006)

▪ Abstract This review discusses the preparation, characterization, and application of amorphous porous mixed oxides, a rapidly growing class of materials with wide applications and a huge potential for the tailoring of chemical composition, microstructure, porosity, and surface properties. In contrast to crystalline materials, these amorphous mixed oxides are prepared under mild reaction conditions in ambient atmosphere. An ever-increasing variety of precursors, additives, modifiers, solvents, catalysts, and posttreatment conditions provide ample fine-tuning options. These materials often display properties commonly associated with well-defined crystalline phases. The functional properties of such solids are largely unexplored and provide a tremendous opportunity for the development of new or alternative materials (solids with a function). Here, emphasis is paid to micro- and mesoporous mixed oxides and their catalytic properties. Easy access to these materials is offset by their much more problematic characterization. Microstructure, chemical structure, morphology, and pore sizes often show broad distributions, and materials description cannot compare with the precise data associated with crystalline phases. The facile preparation and accessibility of these materials make them ideally suited for the application of high-throughput technologies (HTT), which dramatically accelerate searches for new materials as well as fine tuning and optimization. HTT also allow investigators for the first time to access and optimize multinary mixed oxides on a realistic timescale.
Fabrication of Uniaxially Aligned Poly(propylene) Nanofibers via Handspinning (2011)

Abstract A straightforward method, which is termed novel handspinning , is reported for producing uniaxially aligned sPP nanofibers. As demonstrated by SEM analysis, the morphologies of handspun sPP nanofibers are strongly dependent upon the processing conditions such as spinning method and solvent system. Compared to the normal electrospun sPP nanofibers, the handspun sPP nanofibers show smoother morphologies. FT‐IR analysis demonstrates a significant difference in polymer chain conformation between the handspun and electrospun sPP nanofibers. Moreover, interestingly, the handspun sPP single nanofibers show higher Young's modulus and tensile strength than electrospun sPP single nanofibers. magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Dealumination of Sodium Y Zeolite with Hydrochloric Acid (1987)

Abstract provides a simple method of producing zeolites with the desired Al deficiency.
Tunable ESD clamp for high-voltage power I/O pins of a battery charge circuit in mobile applications (2017)

A tunable PNP-based ESD clamp is designed for a 4.5V power IO in a foundry technology. Using Mixed-Mode TCAD simulations, we show that the clamp's trigger and holding voltage can be easily tuned by simple layout modifications. The fabricated clamp was characterized using an on-wafer TLP system, confirming the tunable V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t1</sub> =13.4-16.8V, with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">hold</sub> slightly above 10V and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t2</sub> >1.2A. Finally, the clamp is combined with an off-chip transient voltage suppressors (TVS) to withstand surge stress on system-level.
Erythropoietin Treatment in Metastatic Breast Cancer (2002)

Erythropoietin is an effective treatment for anemia in patients with various types of cancers, but few studies have evaluated the benefit of treatment in advanced breast cancer. In this multicenter study, we investigated the influence of two different doses of epoetin-beta on the level of hemoglobin, the need for blood transfusion, quality of life and safety aspects in patients with metastatic breast cancer. A total of 180 patients were randomized to receive either 1000 IE or 5000 IE epoetin-beta subcutaneously three times per week for 24 weeks. An increase of 20 g/L was defined as a positive hemoglobin response. Blood transfusions were given, if clinically indicated. Additional laboratory values and adverse events were recorded. Quality of life was measured with the aid of the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels increased significantly in both groups. In the high-dose group, the initial mean Hb value was 98 g/L (64-110), which increased to 121 g/L (83-165) by week 24. In the low-dose group, the mean Hb value was 99 g/L (77-110.5) and by week 24 it was 116 g/L (81-144). The majority of patients who responded to treatment did so during the first four weeks. After 4 weeks, 7 patients in the low-dose group and 24 patients in the high-dose group had increased their Hb values by more than 20 g/L. The need for transfusion was low and did not differ between the groups. Quality of life was significantly enhanced in both groups, and there was no difference in the global quality of life between the two study arms. Epoetin-beta is a well-tolerated, safe and effective treatment of anemia in patients with metastatic breast cancer. There were significant improvements in Hb levels and quality of life in both groups.
Embryonic characteristics in superovulated mouse strains (1986)

Superovulation was induced in an inbred (C3HeB/FeJ) and a random-bred (CD-1) strain of mice and pregnant females were serially sacrificed from 6-15 days of gestation. All embryos were examined chromosomally and by external morphology. A G-banding technique was used to detect specific chromosomal constitutions. The common types of chromosomal aberrations were monosomies and trisomies. Our results showed that the proportion of chromosomally abnormal embryos was significantly greater in the superovulated group of inbred mice, than in the spontaneously ovulating inbred group, an observation not made in the random-bred mice. In each strain, superovulation yielded a significantly higher proportion of morphologically malformed embryos, but no significant difference between strains with respect to this criterion was noted after superovulation. There was a significant increase in the post-implantation embryonic mortality in the random-bred strain but not in the inbred strain following superovulation. This study indicates that each strain has its intrinsic pattern with regard to the fate of embryos following superovulation.
The Convergence of the Interactionist and Behavioral Approaches to Deviance (1974)

This paper compares two theoretical perspectives on deviance, the behavioral and interactionist. Although these two perspectives arise from separate disciplines and intellectual traditions, we will argue that their approaches to the study of deviance in general and to mental illness in particular share many basic similarities, as well as some important differences, and that an analysis of each helps us understand the limitations and strengths of the other. The behavioral and interactionist perspectives are chosen for examination for three reasons. First, it is our opinion that these two theoretical approaches represent the most creative recent work by sociologists and psychologists on deviant behavior. Second, there are few attempts in the literature to integrate the perspectives (Ullman and Krasner, 1969; Singelmann, 1972; and Akers, 1973 are recent exceptions), and, in fact, the perspectives are often posed as antagonistic. Third, both perspectives share a rejection of the dominant psychiatric conceptualizations of deviant behavior and place greater emphasis on the social context of deviance. The discussion of these two perspectives will compare them by examining their approaches to one form of deviance, mental illness. Attention will be given to the similarities and dissimilarities of these perspectives in terms of concepts, propositions and methodology, with particular attention to areas of actual or potential crossfertilization. In order to focus the comparison, we will first outline some of the basic assumptions of each perspective and then move to the topic of mental illness by examining their treatment of (1) the definition of mental illness, (2) primary deviation, (3) the responses of others to primary deviation, (4) secondary deviation, and (5) the philosophy and methodology of research.
Highly Efficient, Color-Reproducible Full-Color Electroluminescent Devices Based on Red/Green/Blue Quantum Dot-Mixed Multilayer (2015)

Over the past few years the performance of colloidal quantum dot-light-emitting diode (QLED) has been progressively improved. However, most of QLED work has been fulfilled in the form of monochromatic device, while full-color-enabling white QLED still remains nearly unexplored. Using red, green, and blue quantum dots (QDs), herein, we fabricate bichromatic and trichromatic QLEDs through sequential solution-processed deposition of poly(9-vinlycarbazole) (PVK) hole transport layer, two or three types of QDs-mixed multilayer, and ZnO nanoparticle electron transport layer. The relative electroluminescent (EL) spectral ratios of constituent QDs in the above multicolored devices are found to inevitably vary with applied bias, leading to the common observation of an increasing contribution of a higher-band gap QD EL over low-band gap one at a higher voltage. The white EL from a trichromatic device is resolved into its primary colors through combining with color filters, producing an exceptional color gamut of 126% relative to National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) color space that a state-of-the-art full-color organic LED counterpart cannot attain. Our trichromatic white QLED also displays the record-high EL performance such as the peak values of 23,352 cd/m(2) in luminance, 21.8 cd/A in current efficiency, and 10.9% in external quantum efficiency.
Characteristics of drug absorption via the rectal route. (1984)

The characteristics of drug absorption from the colorectal area are summarized as follows: colorectal absorption is a simple diffusion process through the lipoidal membrane in which carrier-mediated mechanisms play no role; most of the rates of absorption increase with increasing solubility and release of drugs by vehicles or adjuvants, although drug-adjuvant interaction is related to the decreased absorption rate; membrane-active adjuvants promoting absorption are more effective in the colorectal area than in the upper gastrointestinal tract; the promotive effect on absorption by fatty acids or their monoglycerides in micellar state is stronger in unsaturated long-chain compounds than in saturated ones, and their action is transient; their promotive absorption is applicable not only to small molecules but also large molecules, probably up to molecular weights of 500,000; and the threshold molecular weight of the blood-lymph permselectivity of dextrans is approximately 17,500-39,000 in the small intestine and 10,500-17,500 in the large intestine.
Interactions of hydrated metal ions with nucleotides: the crystal structure of barium adenosine 5'-monophosphate heptahydrate (1976)

The crystal and molecular structure of barium adenosine 5'-monophosphate heptahydrate was determined from x-ray diffraction data. Crystals of barium adenosine 5'-monophosphate heptahydrate are monoclinic, space group C2, with a = 32.559(3), b = 6.969(3), c = 9.597(1) A, and beta = 100.31(1) degrees. Intensity data were collected with an automated diffractometer. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and refined by least-squares to R = 0.034. This structure provides an example of an outer-sphere metal-nucleotide complex, in which a completely hydrated metal ion interacts with the nucleotide only through water bridges. The barium ion is coordinated to eight water molecules, which form a slightly distorted square antiprism. Seven of the eight water molecules from the barium hydration shell are hydrogen bonded to phosphate groups; three of these water molecules are also hydrogen bonded to other suitable acceptor sites on the base and ribose moieties. The conformation about the glycosidic bond is anti, with chiCN = 69 degrees, and, as in most nucleotide structures, the conformation about the C(4')-C(5') bond is gauche-gauche. However, the ribose displays an unusual conformation (best described as C(4')-exo) not previously observed in crystal structures of nucleosides or nucleotides, other than 3',5'-cyclic nucleotides. It is possible that this unusual conformation is a consequence of the metal-water-nucleotide bridging interactions.
Control of a micro tunneling unit under atomic force (2002)

We have previously reported the development and operation of a lateral tunneling unit (LTU), a micromachined device which can control the magnitude of a tunneling current passing through a vacuum gap by adjusting the distance of the gap. The amplitude of the actuator driving voltage necessary to vary the current certain range was much larger than the theoretically expected value. Its cause has been left unclear. We carried out experiments in the air and in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), in order to determine the mechanism of the disagreement. The results of them indicated that an atomic force affects the behavior of the LTU. The estimated magnitude of the force was so large as not to be neglected compared with the actuation force of the LTU. We increased the rigidity and actuation force over 50 times and achieved stabilization. A guide to design a stable LTU and its controller will be given based on the experimental results.
Structural and Signaling Requirements for BCR-ABL-Mediated Transformation and Inhibition of Apoptosis (1995)

BCR-ABL is a deregulated tyrosine kinase expressed in Philadelphia chromosome-positive human leukemias. Prolongation of hematopoietic cell survival by inhibition of apoptosis has been proposed to be an integral component of BCR-ABL-induced chronic myelogenous leukemia. BCR-ABL elicits transformation of both fibroblast and hematopoietic cells and blocks apoptosis following cytokine deprivation in various factor-dependent cells. To elucidate the mechanisms whereby BCR-ABL induces transformation and blocks apoptosis in hematopoietic cells, we examined the biological effects of expression of a series of BCR-ABL mutants. Single amino acid substitutions in the GRB2 binding site (Y177F), Src homology 2 domain (R552L), or an autophosphorylation site in the tyrosine kinase domain (Y793F) do not diminish the antiapoptotic and transforming properties of BCR-ABL in hematopoietic cells, although these mutations were previously shown to drastically reduce the transforming activity of BCR-ABL in fibroblasts. A BCR-ABL molecule containing all three mutations (Y177F/R552L/Y793F) exhibits a severe decrease in transforming and antiapoptotic activities compared with the wild-type BCR-ABL protein in 32D myeloid progenitor cells. Ras is activated, the SHC adapter protein is tyrosine phosphorylated and binds GRB2, and myc mRNA levels are increased following expression of all kinase active BCR-ABL proteins with the exception of the Y177F/R552L/Y793F BCR-ABL mutant in 32D cells. We propose that BCR-ABL uses multiple pathways to activate Ras in hematopoietic cells and that this activation is necessary for the transforming and antiapoptotic activities of BCR-ABL. However, Ras activation is not sufficient for BCR-ABL-mediated transformation. A BCR-ABL deletion mutant (delta 176-427) that activates Ras and blocks apoptosis but has severely impaired transforming ability in 32D cells has been identified. These data suggest that BCR-ABL requires additional signaling components to elicit tumorigenic growth which are distinct from those required to block apoptosis.
First demonstration and detailed characterization of a multimode amplifier for space division multiplexed transmission systems (2011)

We present the first demonstration of a multimode (two mode-group) erbium-doped fiber amplifier for Space Division Multiplexed (SDM) applications and demonstrate various design and performance features of such devices. In particular we experimentally demonstrate that differential modal gains can be controlled and reduced both by fiber design and control of the pump field distribution. Using a suitably designed fiber we demonstrate simultaneous modal gains of ~20 dB for different pair-wise combinations of spatial and polarization modes in an EDFA supporting amplification of 6 distinct modes.
Implementation of Cryptographic Algorithm in Dynamic QR Code Payment System and Its Performance (2021)

QR code payment plays an indispensable role in the mobile payment market, and the security of scanning codes has always been a problem in the field of information security. Static QR codes are easily copied and replaced, and there are huge security loopholes. The QR code payment in a closed system still faces security challenges. In order to solve the security problem of QR code payment, we have studied dynamic QR code payment system that supports SM2, SM3, and SM4 cryptographic algorithms, which can realize QR code scanning and scanned transactions, UnionPay cloud QuickPass transactions, etc., and generate dynamic QR code information in real time during the transaction process, one order and one code. Through dynamic algorithm distribution, the randomness and uniqueness of QR code generation are guaranteed, and it is suitable for multi-scene application transactions. The algorithm correctness test result shows that the system has achieved the expected effect. The performance test results show that the hardware of the security module implements the algorithm flow and improves the payment performance. Compared with some other algorithms, the processing time is shorter, the running speed is faster, and the system is more secure.
The Effect of a Rotational Magnetic Field on MCZ Crystal Growing (1989)

Czochralski(CZ) crystal growth under the vertical D.C. magnetic field with and without the horizontal rotating field is investigated by the numerical analysis and experiment. The numerical analysis shows that the vertical magnetic field increases the effective segregation coefficient of phosphorus and the oxygen content of the grown crystal, and the horizontal rotating magnetic field is useful to decreases the oxygen content. This is due to the activation of convection flow in the meridional plane in the crucible by the rotating magnetic field. The experimental results of the effective segregation coefficient of phosphorus and oxygen content under the vertical magnetic field with and without horizontal rotating magnetic field verify the calculated results.
The effect of acute creatinine monohydrate loading on wingate test results in 18-21 years old male soccer players (2005)

Studies indicate that ingested creatinine monohydrate.(CrM) preparations may boost the supply of creatinine phosphate in muscle and enhance recovery after exercise. However there is still controversy on the effect of CrM replenishment on ergonomically measured anaerobic exercise tolerance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of acute high dose CrM loading on anaerobic exercises like standing long jump (SLJ), standing vertical skip (SVS) and anaerobic wingate test (AWT). The study is a prospective, double blind, placebo controlled study. The study included 30 young male soccer players randomized to receive either 0.25 gr/kg/day CrM for 4 days (Group 1, 15 athletes, mean age 18.64±0.92 years, height 1.76±0.05 meter, weight 71±5 kg) or same dosage of maltodextrin as matching placebo (Group 2, 15 athletes, mean age 18.47±1.23 years, height 1.78±0.06 meter, weight 73±5 kg). Anaerobic exercise tolerance was measured before and after intervention. In Group 1 (CrM group) treatment had no effect on SLJ, SVS parameters. It also had no effect on peak power and fatigue index of AWT. However CrM treatment significantly but slightly increased mean power (+4%), minimum power (+7%) and total work (+4%) parameters of AWT. Placebo treatment had no effect on any of these parameters. Lactic acid levels increased in both groups in response to exercise though post intervention lactic acid increase in Group 1 seemed slightly blunted. The CrM supplements caused a significant but slight increase in anaerobic wingate test parameters of mean power, minimum power and total power.
Electrochemistry of Porous Materials (2009)

Porous materials continue to attract considerable attention because of their wide variety of scientific and technological applications, such as catalysis, shape- and size-selective absorption and adsorption, gas storage, and electrode materials. Both research and applications of porous materials-via electroanalysis, electrosynthesis, sensing, fuel