gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self‐biased distributed amplifier: Linearity improvement and efficiency enhancement (2008)

Abstract A self‐biased distributed amplifier with wideband linearity improvement and efficiency enhancement is presented. With the aid of a self‐adaptive bias network, the location of IMD3 minimum is dynamically manipulated, while the DC bias power of the distributed amplifier is adaptively biased. Experimental two‐tone test successfully demonstrates more than 10 dB and 27% reductions of the first sidelobes and the DC power consumptions are achieved respectively in the proposed design when operating between 900 and 3300 MHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 2493–2497, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23711
Rücktitelbild: Magnetically Responsive Photonic Nanochains (Angew. Chem. 16/2011) (2011)

Auf Magnetfelder reagierende photonische Nanoketten aus superparamagnetischen Fe3O4-Partikeln in einer Siliciumdioxidschale sind die kleinsten Beugungseinheiten, die im sichtbaren Spektrum arbeiten können. Wie Y. Yin et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 3831 ff. schildern, werden für die Synthese während der Beschichtung mit Siliciumdioxid Partikelketten magnetisch gebildet und anschließend mit weiterem Siliciumdioxid umhüllt, um mechanisch robuste und optisch aktive Stäbe zu erhalten.
Concurrent dual-band digital predistortion (2012)

With a power amplifier (PA) being able to support widely separated frequency bands, dual-band digital predistortion techniques have been proposed as an efficient alternative to traditional wideband digital predistortion by only compensating nonlinear distortions around the signal bands of interest. In this paper, we provide theoretic analysis of the connection between wideband and dual-band memory polynomial models and propose two efficient implementation schemes based on lookup tables. Performance was evaluated with an experimental test setup using a symmetric Doherty PA and a dual-band signal (10 MHz LTE and 2-carrier WCDMA) with 97 MHz center separation. Drain efficiency of 31% was achieved with 41.2 dBm output power and both bands meeting −45 dBc ACLR requirement.
Aromatic polyesters via transesterification of dimethylterephthalate/isophthalate with bisphenol-A (1996)

As a part of our work in the area of transesterification chemistry, we have studied the transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate/isophthalate with bisphenol-A for the synthesis of aromatic polyester. The process comprises two steps. The first step comprises preparation of aromatic polyester prepolymer by reacting the dimethyl esters of terephthalic/isophthalic acids and bisphenol-A in the melt phase via catalyzed interchange reaction. The second step involves the postpolycondensation of aromatic polyester prepolymer under reduced pressure, eliminating the by-product and driving the equilibrium of the reversible reaction to the formation of a high molecular weight aromatic polyester. In both steps, methanol is eliminated as a by-product. The method explored is the simplest one, permits the use of commercial materials as the feed stock, and leads to a low boiling by-product that can be recycled. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A phase II trial of the aurora kinase A inhibitor MLN8237 in patients with metastatic castrate resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer. (2013)

TPS5096 Background: NEPC can rarely arise de novo but more commonly arises as a mechanism of resistance in the setting of advanced prostate cancer. Transformation to NEPC is likely promoted by potent hormonal therapies and is currently under-recognized. There is no effective therapy for NEPC and most patients (pts) survive less than one year. We have found that Aurora kinase A (AURKA) and N-myc (MYCN) are significantly overexpressed and amplified in NEPC compared to prostate adenocarcinoma, and cooperate to induce neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation in prostate cancer (Beltran et al, Cancer Disc 2011). In preclinical models, aurora kinase inhibition results in dramatic and preferential anti-tumor activity in NEPC. Methods: In this single arm, multi-institutional Phase II trial, pts with metastatic prostate cancer need to meet at least one NEPC entry criterion: 1) histologic diagnosis of small cell or NEPC, 2) >50% immunohistochemical staining for NE markers, 3) development of liver metastases in absence of PSA progression, or 4) serum chromogranin >5x normal or neuron specific enolase >2x normal. Study will be open at 10 institutions including PCCTC sites. After a mandatory on-study research biopsy, pts will be treated with MLN8237, an orally administered Aurora kinase A inhibitor at 50 mg twice daily for 7 days repeated every 21 days. The primary endpoint is objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints include overall survival, progression free survival, PSA response rate, circulating tumor cell response, and serum NE marker response to therapy. A number of correlative studies including AURKA, MYCN, AR, and exome and RNAseq are embedded in this trial in order to molecularly define this aggressive and poorly characterized disease. A Simon 2-stage design will be employed with up to 60 subjects providing 80% power to determine if the true ORR is >30% and 95% power if the true ORR is <15%, assuming a 5% level of significance. A subset of at least 20% meeting histologic entry criteria is embedded.
Direct Conversion of Cellulose to Glycolic Acid with a Phosphomolybdic Acid Catalyst in a Water Medium (2012)

Direct conversion of cellulose to fine chemicals has rarely been achieved. We describe here an eco-benign route for directly converting various cellulose-based biomasses to glycolic acid in a water medium and oxygen atmosphere in which heteromolybdic acids act as multifunctional catalysts to catalyze the hydrolysis of cellulose, the fragmentation of monosaccharides, and the selective oxidation of fragmentation products. With commercial α-cellulose powder as the substrate, the yield of glycolic acid reaches 49.3%. This catalytic system is also effective with raw cellulosic biomass, such as bagasse or hay, as the starting materials, giving rise to remarkable glycolic acid yields of ∼30%. Our heteropoly acid-based catalyst can be recovered in solid form after reaction by distilling out the products and solvent for reuse, and it exhibits consistently high performance in multiple reaction runs.
Classification and test generation for path-delay faults using single stuck-fault tests (2002)

In this paper, we classify path-delay faults into three categories: singly-testable (ST), multiply-testable (MT), and singly-testable dependent (ST-dependent). All ST faults are guaranteed detection in the case of a single fault, and some may be guaranteed detection through robust and validatable non-robust tests even in the case of multiple faults. An ST-dependent fault can affect the circuit speed only if certain ST faults are present. Thus, if the ST faults are tested, the ST-dependent faults need not be tested. MT faults cannot be guaranteed detection, but affect the speed only if delay faults simultaneously exist on a set of paths none of which is ST. We classify all path-delay faults into the three categories by a procedure using any unaltered single stuck fault test generation tool. We use only two runs of this tool on a network derived from the original network. As a by-product of this process, we generate single and multiple input change delay tests for all testable faults. With these tests, we expect that most defective circuits are identified. Examples and results on ISCAS'89 benchmarks are presented.
Abstract 519: Identification of a novel target for antibody therapy of breast cancer (2012)

Abstract Identification of breast cancer-specific antigens may promote development of safe and successful immunotherapy of breast cancer. Caprin-1 has been known to be an intracellular protein related to cell proliferation as a function, but it has not been reported to be a target for the treatment of cancer. Here we report that this molecule is a novel breast cancer antigen which can be targeted for antibody therapy. Caprin-1 is highly expressed in at least 70% of breast cancers based on the results of immunohistochemical staining of human several breast cancer tissues, but hardly expressed in human normal tissues. Importantly, a part of this molecule is highly expressed in extracellular region of many breast cancer cells. A mouse monoclonal antibody raised against the extracellular domain of Caprin-1 showed anti-tumor effects in all tumor-bearing mouse models in which various cancer cells expressing Caprin-1 were implanted. The monoclonal antibody induced complete regression in one of the tumor-bearing models. Humanized antibody has been prepared and preclinical studies are currently underway. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 519. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-519
Induction of Humoral Immune Response and Protective Immunity in Chickens against Salmonella enteritidis after a Single Dose of Killed Bacterium-Loaded Microspheres (2001)

Formalin-inactivated Salmonella enteritidis phage type 4 strain 119/95 (SE) was encapsulated in biodegradable poly (DL-lactide co-glycolic acid) PLGA; (65:35) microspheres by a modified water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) double-emulsion solvent extraction/evaporation technique. These SE-loaded microspheres (SE-MS) were porous and spherical in shape with diameters of 0.4-10 microm and 20-80 microm in two preparations. SE-MS were subsequently used to vaccinate specific-pathogen-free chickens in a single dose in order to investigate the potency of a single-dose vaccination in inducing immune responses and protective immunity. In Experiment 1, 4-wk-old chickens that were vaccinated intramuscularly with 20-80-microm SE-MS generated long lasting (over 6 mo) and persistently high serum anti-SE immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody response. In Experiment 2, 2-wk-old chickens were vaccinated orally with 0.4-10-microm or intramuscularly with 20-80-microm SE-MS and challenged with 10(9) colony-forming units of homologous SE strain at 6 wk postvaccination. When challenged intramuscularly, one each of the orally vaccinated (n = 10) and the intramuscularly vaccinated birds (n = 10) showed clinical signs and death, whereas all of the nonvaccinated control birds (n = 12) were sick and 11 of them were killed. When challenge was via oral route, 26.1% of cloacal swabs and 24.0% of organs (liver, spleen, and cecum) collected from orally vaccinated birds (n = 35) were positive for SE, comparable to 27.9% of feces and 18.7% of organs from the intramuscularly vaccinated birds (n = 35). These figures were significantly lower than those for nonvaccinated birds (n = 30) from which 59.3% of feces and 44.0% of organs tested SE positive (P < 0.05). The humoral immune response was also determined after vaccination with a single dose. The intramuscular vaccination elicited higher serum IgG response than oral administration, but the latter elicited a significant intestinal mucosal IgA antibody response. This is the first evidence that chickens vaccinated with killed SE-loaded PLGA microspheres, intramuscularly and orally in a single dose, developed systematic and local immune responses, thereby conferring protective immunity.
Amino Acids in the Capsid Protein of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus That Are Crucial for Systemic Infection, Particle Formation, and Insect Transmission (1998)

A functional capsid protein (CP) is essential for host plant infection and insect transmission in monopartite geminiviruses. We studied two defective genomic DNAs of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Sic and SicRcv. Sic, cloned from a field-infected tomato, was not infectious, whereas SicRcv, which spontaneously originated from Sic, was infectious but not whitefly transmissible. A single amino acid change in the CP was found to be responsible for restoring infectivity. When the amino acid sequences of the CPs of Sic and SicRcv were compared with that of a closely related wild-type virus (TYLCV-Sar), differences were found in the following positions: 129 (P in Sic and SicRcv, Q in Sar), 134 (Q in Sic and Sar, H in SicRcv) and 152 (E in Sic and SicRcv, D in Sar). We constructed TYLCV-Sar variants containing the eight possible amino acid combinations in those three positions and tested them for infectivity and transmissibility. QQD, QQE, QHD, and QHE had a wild-type phenotype, whereas PHD and PHE were infectious but nontransmissible. PQD and PQE mutants were not infectious; however, they replicated and accumulated CP, but not virions, in Nicotiana benthamiana leaf discs. The Q129P replacement is a nonconservative change, which may drastically alter the secondary structure of the CP and affect its ability to form the capsid. The additional Q134H change, however, appeared to compensate for the structural modification. Sequence comparisons among whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses in terms of the CP region studied showed that combinations other than QQD are present in several cases, but never with a P129.
mRNA vaccination as a safe approach for specific protection from type I allergy (2011)

Allergic diseases are on the increase and current therapies are lacking in efficacy and patient compliance. In recent years, the idea of prophylactic measures, especially for children at high risk for allergy, has become increasingly popular. This review summarizes the available preclinical data for protective allergy vaccines, with a focus on one of the most promising vaccine candidates; mRNA vaccines. Recently, mRNA vaccines have been rediscovered as an alternative to their more prominent counterparts, the DNA vaccines. Allergen-encoding mRNA vaccines elicit long-lasting protection from sensitization, and induce a type of immunity similar to the natural protective response that is acquired in the presence of microbial burden early in life. Owing to their excellent safety profile, they represent the ideal candidates for a vaccine that aims to protect at-risk children who have not yet been sensitized to allergens.
Dynamically Frequency Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials (2007)

We present novel terahertz metamaterials that feature frequency tunable resonant responses. Tunability is achieved by selective patterning of semiconductor regions within split-ring resonator structures. Simulations reveal non-linear frequency tuning as a function of conductivity.
Vapor-phase doping of ytterbium in high power laser fiber (2013)

A ‘state-of-the-art’ facility for vapor-phase deposition of rare-earth compounds has been established and process technology optimized for fabricating large core preforms/fibers doped with Yb- and Al- oxides with excellent longitudinal and radial uniformity.
Design of Extendable Chord Sections for Morphing Helicopter Rotor Blades (2011)

Chord extension morphing of helicopter rotors has recently been shown to be highly beneficial for stall alleviation, with the ability to reduce power near the envelope boundaries and increase maximum gross weight, altitude, and speed capability of the aircraft. This article presents a morphing mechanism to extend the chord of a section of the helicopter rotor blade. The region aft of the leading-edge spar contains a morphing cellular structure. In the compact state, the edge of the cellular structure aligns with the trailing edge of the rest of the blade. When the morphing cellular structure is in the extended state, the chord of that section of the blade is increased by 30%. In transitioning from compact to extended states, the cellular structure slides along the ribs which define the boundaries of the morphing section in the spanwise direction. The cellular section has mini-spars running along the spanwise direction to attach the flexible skin and provide stiffness against camber-like deformations due to aerodynamic loads. This article presents a finite element analysis and design of the morphing cellular structure, ensuring that the local strains in the elastic ligaments of the cellular structure do not exceed the maximum allowable, even as the section undergoes a large global strain. The morphing cellular structure itself is designed to be stiff enough to support the pre-stretched skin attached to its surfaces. Various methods of flexible skin attachment to the morphing substructure, and their ramifications, are considered. A model of a blade section is fabricated and shown to undergo chord morphing, as designed.
<title>Recent work on the development of an electric-discharge oxygen-iodine laser</title> (2003)

Theoretical studies have indicated that sufficient fractions of O<sub>2</sub> (<sup>1</sup>Δ) may be produced in an electrical discharge that will permit lasing of an electric discharge oxygen-iodine laser (ElectriCOIL) system in conjunction with injection of pre-dissociated iodine. Results of those studies along with more recent experimental results show that electric excitation is a very complicated process that must be investigated with advanced diagnostics along with modeling to better understand this highly complex system. In this paper, recent work in the development of the ElectriCOIL system is discussed. A kinetic package appropriate for the ElectriCOIL system is presented and implemented in the detailed electrodynamic GlobalKin model and the Blaze II laser modeling code. A parametric study with the Blaze II model establishes that it should be possible to attain positive gain in the ElectriCOIL system, even with subsonic flow. The Blaze II model is in reasonable agreement with early gain data. Temperature is a critical flow variable, especially in the subsonic cases. Simulations of a supersonic ElectriCOIL system indicate that significant performance levels can be attained, even at low yield levels of 20% or less. In addition, pre-dissociation of the iodine is also shown to be very important for the supersonic flow situation. Given the critical nature of the temperature issue, it appears that supersonic flow will be required for the ElectriCOIL system to achieve significant performance levels, but these simulations also indicate that it should be possible to demonstrate a subsonic system.
Magnetic circuit design methodologies for dual coil transducers used in public sound reinforcement (1997)

Although the electrodynamic drive topology incorporating two axially (not concentrically) placed coils is not a new idea and dates back to the 1950’s, recent interest in the design has begun a proliferation of the design concept in professional sound reinforcement loudspeakers. The fundamental design involves two coils that are opposite in phase and reside in oppositely polarized magnetic gaps, thus providing a Lorentz force in the same axial direction. The two gaps are formed from the same magnetic circuit, and both coils are wound on the same form, separated by some distance, connected or wound out of phase, and attached to a single diaphragm. The work herewithin describes different design options in magnetic materials, magnetic circuit geometries, and voice coil topologies. The focus is on performance trade-offs and advantages in weight, power handling, power compression, and distortion, relative to a single gap design. The end result being acoustical solutions with better fidelity, less weight, and size.
Phase to sinusoid amplitude conversion techniques for direct digital frequency synthesis (2004)

The authors present a review of phase to sine amplitude conversion (PSAC) techniques for direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS). Principles of DDFS are first considered, then approaches for the reduction of system complexity are identified. It is shown that the basic problem for the design of the phase to sine amplitude converter, whether the system has single phase or quadrature outputs, is the reproduction of an approximated sine function for first quadrant angles. The state of the art in PSAC design is then reviewed following a systematic classification of techniques, namely angular decomposition, angular rotation, sine amplitude compression, polynomial approximation, and analogue approaches.
Directed assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined surfaces (2010)

An outline of research on the directed assembly of block copolymer films to meet the needs of advanced lithographic systems, as defined by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, is presented. These requirements include pattern perfection, control of placement of features, the ability to generate patterns corresponding to regular fabric architectures, control of feature shapes and dimensions, scaling to below 10 nm, and pattern transfer. Accomplishments toward these requirements have been achieved by self-assembly with solvent annealing and by directed assembly on topographical or chemical patterns. Looking forward, these requirements must be met simultaneously, and examples are provided that show simultaneous achievement of many of these requirements. In addition, research focusing on specific implementation opportunities, such as directed assembly in 193 nm immersion lithography, is briefly discussed.
Engineering a transformation of human-machine interaction to an augmented cognitive relationship. (2003)

This project is being conducted by Sandia National Laboratories in support of the DARPA Augmented Cognition program. Work commenced in April of 2002. The objective for the DARPA program is to 'extend, by an order of magnitude or more, the information management capacity of the human-computer warfighter.' Initially, emphasis has been placed on detection of an operator's cognitive state so that systems may adapt accordingly (e.g., adjust information throughput to the operator in response to workload). Work conducted by Sandia focuses on development of technologies to infer an operator's ongoing cognitive processes, with specific emphasis on detecting discrepancies between machine state and an operator's ongoing interpretation of events.
‘Giant’ multishell CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots with suppressed blinking: Novel fluorescent probes for real-time detection of single-molecule events (2009)

We reported for the first time that key nanocrystal quantum dot (NQD) optical properties—quantum yield, photobleaching and blinking—can be rendered independent of NQD surface chemistry and environment by growth of a very thick, defect-free inorganic shell (Chen, et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008). Here, we show the precise shell-thickness dependence of these effects. We demonstrate that ‘giant-shell’ NQDs can be largely non-blinking for observation times as long as 54 minutes and that on-time fractions are independent of experimental time-resolution from 1–200 ms. These effects are primarily demonstrated on (CdSe)CdS (core)shell NQDs, but we also show that alloyed shells comprising CdxZn1-xS and terminated with a non-cytotoxic ZnS layer exhibit similar properties. The mechanism for suppressed blinking and dramatically enhanced stability is attributed to both effective isolation of the NQD core excitonic wavefunction from the NQD surface, as well as a quasi-Type II electronic structure. The unusual electronic structure provides for effective spatial separation of the electron and hole into the shell and core, respectively, and, thereby, for reduced efficiencies in non-radiative Auger recombination.
Imaging of mass distribution in paper by electrography technique (1). Establishment of electrography technique. (1990)

A rapid method to measure the mass distribution in paper was developed. Paper is irradiated with electron beams with energies from 50 to 200 keV and the attenuation of the electron beams by the paper is detected by a photographic film. The image of the attenuation of the electron beams (electrograph) is converted into the mass distribution through a basis weight calibration. Theoretical calculations and experiments were made to optimize the imaging of the mass distribution. It was found that the mass distribution of paper from 0 to 400 g/m2 can be obtained in less than 1 second.