gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Insight and Approach to Node Failure Protection with Ordinary p-Cycles (2008)

Since the advent of p-cycles it has been understood that, in addition to their span-protecting properties, p-cycles have the same inherent protection as a BLSR ring to "on-cycle" demands that transit a failed node. It has remained less clear how to protect straddling demand flows from node failure as well. Other work has sought to achieve full node protection with extensions of the p-cycle concept such as node-encircling p-cycles, path-segment or "flow"-protecting p-cycles, and failure independent path-protecting p-cycles. Here we report a rather simple and useful finding about the problem-that high levels of node failure protection can be achieved with an ordinary set of p- cycles which designed in a way that every demand that transits a node in a straddling manner is also intercepted at points upstream and downstream on its route by some other p-cycle. We first characterize the inherent properties of ordinary minimum- capacity p-cycle network designs when inspected for use from this new standpoint. We then alter the basic network design model to maximize node restorability and even achieve 100% protection against both single node and span failures, with little additional capacity. The practical importance is that the simplicity of basics-cycles is retained, and only one set ofp-cycles is required, while efficiently achieving node failure protection either for priority paths or for all demands in a network.
Efficient Secure Computation of Order-Preserving Encryption (2020)

Order-preserving encryption (OPE) allows encrypting data, while still enabling efficient range queries on the encrypted data. Moreover, it does not require any change to the database management system, which makes OPE schemes very suitable for data outsourcing with threats from weak adversaries. However, all OPE schemes are necessarily symmetric limiting the use case to one client and one server. Imagine a scenario where a Data Owner (DO) outsources encrypted data to the Cloud Service Provider (CSP) and a Data Analyst (DA) wants to execute private range queries on this data. Then either the DO must reveal its encryption key or the DA must reveal the private queries. In this paper, we overcome this limitation by allowing the equivalent of a public-key OPE. We present a secure multiparty protocol that enables secure range queries for multiple users. In this scheme, the DA cooperates with the DO and the CSP in order to order-preserving encrypt the private range queries without revealing any other information to the parties. The basic idea of our scheme is to replace encryption with a secure, interactive protocol. In this protocol, we combine OPE based on binary search trees with homomorphic encryption and garbled circuits (GC) achieving security against passive adversaries with sublinear communication and computation complexity. We apply our construction to different OPE schemes including frequency-hiding OPE and OPE based on an efficiently searchable encrypted data structure which can withstand many of the popularized attacks on OPE. We implemented our scheme and observed that if the database size of the DO has 1 million entries it takes only about 0.3 s on average via a loopback interface (1.3 s via a LAN and 15.6 s via a WAN with about 200 ms round-trip time) to encrypt an input of the DA. Moreover, while the related work has an overhead of 10 to 100 seconds compared to a plaintext MySQL range query on a database with 10 million entries, our scheme has an overhead of only 360 milliseconds.
Enhanced distribution system fault location (2014)

Accurate fault location in distribution network of power system is an essential technology, yet less studied compared to transmission systems, that enables utility companies in maintaining service reliability to reduce SAIDI (System Average Interruption Duration Index). This study develops novel methods for feeder fault location with current/voltage sensors sparsely deployed in the network. The voltages and currents measured in the substation and sensors are utilized in this study. Depending on the available sensor locations relative to fault, such as both upstream/downstream or upstream only, and the lateral conditions, the algorithm searches every possible path and calculates the fault distance and fault resistance. Eight scenarios are identified for all possible situations. Theoretical analysis and simulation experiments are performed to verify the proposed methods. High fault location accuracy has been achieved in various network and fault conditions.
OMD: Orthogonal Malware Detection Using Audio, Image, and Static Features (2021)

With the growing number of malware and cyber attacks, there is a need for "orthogonal" cyber defense approaches, which are complementary to existing methods by detecting unique malware samples that are not predicted by other methods. In this paper, we propose a novel and orthogonal malware detection (OMD) approach to identify malware using a combination of audio descriptors, image similarity descriptors and other static/statistical features. First, we show how audio descriptors are effective in classifying malware families when the malware binaries are represented as audio signals. Then, we show that the predictions made on the audio descriptors are orthogonal to the predictions made on image similarity descriptors and other static features. Further, we develop a framework for error analysis and a metric to quantify how orthogonal a new feature set (or type) is with respect to other feature sets. This allows us to add new features and detection methods to our overall framework. Experimental results on malware datasets show that our approach provides a robust framework for orthogonal malware detection.
An improved shift‐invariant artificial neural network for computerized detection of clustered microcalcifications in digital mammograms (1996)

A shift-invariant artificial neutral network (SIANN) has been applied to eliminate the false-positive detections reported by a rule-based computer aided-diagnosis (CAD) scheme developed in our laboratory. Regions of interest (ROIs) were selected around the centers of the rule-based CAD detections and analyzed by the SIANN. In our previous study, background-trend correction and pixel-value normalization were used as the preprocessing of the ROIs prior to the SIANN. A ROI is classified as a positive ROI, if the total number of microcalcifications detected in the ROI is greater than a certain number. In this study, modifications were made to improve the performance of the SIANN. First, the preprocessing is removed because the result of the background-trend correction is affected by the size of ROIs. Second, image-feature analysis is employed to the output of the SIANN in an effort to eliminate some of the false detections by the SIANN. In order to train the SIANN to detect microcalcifications and also to extract image features of microcalcifications, the zero-mean-weight constraint and training-free-zone techniques have been developed. A cross-validation training method was also applied to avoid the overtraining problem. The performance of the SIANN was evaluated by means of ROC analysis using a database of 39 mammograms for training and 50 different mammograms for testing. The analysis yielded an average area under the ROC curve (A(z)) of 0.90 for the testing set. Approximately 62% of false-positive clusters detected by the rule-based scheme were eliminated without any loss of the true-positive clusters by using the improved SIANN with image feature analysis techniques.
High speed test structures for in-line process monitoring and model calibration [CMOS applications] (2005)

The use of in-line test structures for routinely monitoring various high frequency aspects of the performance of CMOS gates is described. These compact test structures use DC I/Os and are compatible with standard parametric testers. The specific examples described are ring oscillators for a wide range of self-consistent parameter extraction ranging from circuit delays to gate length and leakage components; and a new class of self-timed/calibrated structure of which a circuit for measuring SOI switching history effects, utilizing 100 ps time-scale self-generated pulses, is presented as a representative example.
RF-Power-Activated and Signal-Tracking Tunable Bandstop Filters (2017)

Two new classes of RF-power-dependent tunable bandstop filters that share a common filter topology are presented in this paper. RF-power-activated tunable bandstop filters transition from a resonant-allpass response to a bandstop response in the presence of a high-power RF signal, allowing for optimum use of the spectrum when used to solve interference issues in a receiver. Signal-tracking tunable bandstop filters automatically tune their center frequencies to that of a high-power RF signal, eliminating the need for complex sensing and control systems. The theory and design as well as laboratory prototypes are presented for both. The RF-power-activated tunable bandstop filter prototype achieves a minimum allpass-state insertion loss of 2.5 dB and a bandstop-state attenuation of greater than 50 dB. The signal-tracking tunable bandstop filter prototype attenuates a high-power signal by greater than 33 dB over a frequency range of 251-304 MHz.
A streamlined platform for analyzing tera-scale DDA and DIA mass spectrometry data enables highly sensitive immunopeptidomics (2022)

Integrating data-dependent acquisition (DDA) and data-independent acquisition (DIA) approaches can enable highly sensitive mass spectrometry, especially for imunnopeptidomics applications. Here we report a streamlined platform for both DDA and DIA data analysis. The platform integrates deep learning-based solutions of spectral library search, database search, and de novo sequencing under a unified framework, which not only boosts the sensitivity but also accurately controls the specificity of peptide identification. Our platform identifies 5-30% more peptide precursors than other state-of-the-art systems on multiple benchmark datasets. When evaluated on immunopeptidomics datasets, we identify 1.7-4.1 and 1.4-2.2 times more peptides from DDA and DIA data, respectively, than previously reported results. We also discover six T-cell epitopes from SARS-CoV-2 immunopeptidome that might represent potential targets for COVID-19 vaccine development. The platform supports data formats from all major instruments and is implemented with the distributed high-performance computing technology, allowing analysis of tera-scale datasets of thousands of samples for clinical applications.
PKA and HOG signaling contribute separable roles to anaerobic xylose fermentation in yeast engineered for biofuel production (2019)

Abstract Lignocellulosic biomass offers a sustainable source for biofuel production that does not compete with food-based cropping systems. Importantly, two critical bottlenecks prevent economic adoption: many industrially relevant microorganisms cannot ferment pentose sugars prevalent in lignocellulosic medium, leaving a significant amount of carbon unutilized. Furthermore, chemical biomass pretreatment required to release fermentable sugars generates a variety of toxins, which inhibit microbial growth and metabolism, specifically limiting pentose utilization in engineered strains. Here we dissected genetic determinants of anaerobic xylose fermentation and stress tolerance in chemically pretreated corn stover biomass, called hydrolysate. We previously revealed that loss-of-function mutations in the stress-responsive MAP kinase HOG1 and negative regulator of the RAS/Protein Kinase A (PKA) pathway, IRA2 , enhances anaerobic xylose fermentation. However, these mutations likely reduce cells’ ability to tolerate the toxins present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate, making the strain especially vulnerable to it. We tested the contributions of Hog1 and PKA signaling via IRA2 or PKA negative regulatory subunit BCY1 to metabolism, growth, and stress tolerance in corn stover hydrolysate and laboratory medium with mixed sugars. We found mutations causing upregulated PKA activity increase growth rate and glucose consumption in various media but do not have a specific impact on xylose fermentation. In contrast, mutation of HOG1 specifically increased xylose usage. We hypothesized improving stress tolerance would enhance the rate of xylose consumption in hydrolysate. Surprisingly, increasing stress tolerance did not augment xylose fermentation in lignocellulosic medium in this strain background, suggesting other mechanisms besides cellular stress limit this strain’s ability for anaerobic xylose fermentation in hydrolysate.
A Rapid, Semi-Automated Method for Determining Dibucaine Numbers  (1981)

Determination of the dibucaine number of serum permits the differentiation of genetically normal serum cholinesterase from the dibucaine-resistant variant. This communication presents a method for the rapid determination of dibucaine numbers on an automated analyzer that is in widespread use. With this method, dibucaine numbers for seventy-eight normal, four heterozygous, and five dibucaine-resistant sera were 79 +/- 3,60 +/- 10, and 20 +/- 3 (+/- SD), respectively. There was good agreement between the original method and the automated method with a correlation coefficient of 0.98 on split sample comparison of thirty-eight normal, four heterozygous, and five abnormal sera. Advantages of this method over the original include the lack of need for advance preparation and that it can provide results within one-half hour of phlebotomy.
The bright-chromagenic algorithm for illuminant estimation (2007)

In this paper, we propose a new algorithm for illuminant estimation. We begin by reviewing the concept of chromagenic colour constancy, where two pictures are taken from each scene: a normal one and one where a coloured filter is placed in front of the camera, and look at parameters known to affect its performance such as filters and sensor choice.We show that the basic formulation of the chromagenic algorithm has inherent weaknesses: a need for perfectly registered images and occasional large errors in illuminant estimation. Our first contribution is to analyse the algorithm performance with respect to the reflectances present in a scene and demonstrate that fairly bright and desaturated reflectances (e.g., achromatic and pastel colours) provide significantly better chromagenic illuminant estimation.This analysis leads to the bright-chromagenic algorithm. We show that it not only remedies the large error problem but also allows us to relax the image registration constraint. Experiments performed on a variety of synthetic and real data show that the newly designed brightchromagenic algorithm significantly -in a strict statistical sense- outperforms current illuminant estimation methods, including those having a substantially higher complexity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Supermolecular Building Approach for the Design and Construction of Metal—Organic Frameworks (2014)

Abstract Review: 243 refs.
Syntheses of Indoles <i>via</i> a Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation between Iodoanilines and Ketones (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunicationNEXTSyntheses of Indoles via a Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation between Iodoanilines and KetonesCheng-yi Chen, David R. Lieberman, Robert D. Larsen, Thomas R. Verhoeven, and Paul J. ReiderView Author Information Department of Process Research, Merck Research Laboratories, Division of Merck & Co., Inc., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 9, 2676–2677Publication Date (Web):May 2, 1997Publication History Received14 February 1997Published online2 May 1997Published inissue 1 May 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo970278ihttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo970278irapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5950Altmetric-Citations153LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Amines,Byproducts,Indoles,Ketones Get e-Alerts
DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION IN MOVEMENT DISORDERS (2010)

After more than 2 decades since it was introduced, deep brain stimulation (DBS) has gained widespread popularity as a surgical treatment for medically refractory symptoms of Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. In this chapter, authors review the benefits, risks, indications, limitations, and targets for DBS in patients with Parkinson disease, essential tremor, and dystonia. A brief outline of the DBS procedure and programming is also given.
Insight on the Stability of Thick Layers in 2D Ruddlesden–Popper and Dion–Jacobson Lead Iodide Perovskites (2021)

Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites are a preeminent class of low-cost semiconductors whose inherent structural tunability and attractive photophysical properties have led to the successful fabrication of solar cells with high power conversion efficiencies. Despite the observed superior stability of 2D lead iodide perovskites over their 3D parent structures, an understanding of their thermochemical profile is missing. Herein, the calorimetric studies reveal that the Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) series, incorporating the monovalent-monoammonium spacer cations of pentylammonium (PA) and hexylammonium (HA): (PA)<sub>2</sub>(MA)<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>Pb<sub><i>n</i></sub>I<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 2-6) and (HA)<sub>2</sub>(MA)<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>Pb<sub><i>n</i></sub>I<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 2-4) have a negative enthalpy of formation, relative to their binary iodides. In contrast, the enthalpy of formation for the Dion-Jacobson (DJ) series, incorporating the divalent and cyclic diammonium cations of 3- and 4-(aminomethyl)piperidinium (3AMP and 4AMP respectively): (3AMP)(MA)<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>Pb<sub><i>n</i></sub>I<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 2-5) and (4AMP)(MA)<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>Pb<sub><i>n</i></sub>I<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 2-4) have a positive enthalpy of formation. In addition, for the (PA)<sub>2</sub>(MA)<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>Pb<sub><i>n</i></sub>I<sub>3<i>n</i>+1</sub> family of materials, we report the phase-pure synthesis and single crystal structure of the next member of the series (PA)<sub>2</sub>(MA)<sub>5</sub>Pb<sub>6</sub>I<sub>19</sub> (<i>n</i> = 6), and its optical properties, marking this the second <i>n</i> = 6, bulk member published to date. Particularly, (PA)<sub>2</sub>(MA)<sub>5</sub>Pb<sub>6</sub>I<sub>19</sub> (<i>n</i> = 6) has negative enthalpy of formation as well. Additionally, the analysis of the structural parameters and optical properties between the examined RP and DJ series offers guiding principles for the targeted design and synthesis of 2D perovskites for efficient solar cell fabrication. Although the distortions of the Pb-I-Pb equatorial angles are larger in the DJ series, the significantly smaller I···I interlayer distances lead to overall smaller band gap values, in comparison with the RP series. Our film stability studies on the RP and DJ perovskites series reveal consistent observations with the thermochemical findings, pointing out to the lower extrinsic stability of the DJ materials in ambient air.
Effects of a Small Amount of Impurity Elements on Pitting Potential of Commercially Pure Titanium (1981)

It has been well known that titanium has low susceptibility against pitting corrosion in halide solutions because of its highly stable surface film. However, we have encountered a pitting corrosion of commercially pure titanium in chemical equipment handling a bromide solution at high temperature. Some peculiarities were observed in the corrosion accident; Only JIS grade 1 of titanium was subject to pitting corrosion while grade 2 and grade 3 were not attacked. Furthermore, pit formation occurred only in polished zone of grade 1 surface.In order to interpret these corrosion behaviours, laboratory tests were conducted on the effects of a small amount of impurity elements, such as oxygen and iron, and surface treatments on the pitting potential of commercially pure titanium.The electrochemical test results revealed that pitting potential of titanium became higher in the following order, grade 1>grade 2>grade 3 at higher temperatures while the order was reversed at lower temperatures. In addition, surface oxidation treatment improved the resistance of titanium against the pitting corrosion.These phenomena seem to be related to the intermetallic compound TiFe precipitated in titanium and the stability of the passive film which is affected by oxygen in titanium substrate.
<title>Large-format long-wavelength GaAs/AlGaAs multiquantum well infrared detector arrays for astronomy</title> (2001)

A long-wavelength large format Quantum Well Infrared Photodetector (QWIP) focal plane array has been successfully used in a ground based astronomy experiment. QWIP arrays afford greater flexibility than the usual extrinsically doped semiconductor infrared arrays. The wavelength of the peak response and cutoff can be continuously tailored over a range wide enough to enable light detection at any wavelength range between 6 - 20 micrometers .
Asymmetric antiviral effects of ebolavirus antibodies targeting glycoprotein stem and glycan cap (2018)

Recent studies suggest that some monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for ebolavirus glycoprotein (GP) can protect experimental animals against infections. Most mAbs isolated from ebolavirus survivors appeared to target the glycan cap or the stalk region of the viral GP, which is the envelope protein and the only antigen inducing virus-neutralizing antibody response. Some of the mAbs were demonstrated to be protective in vivo. Here, a panel of mAbs from four individual survivors of ebolavirus infection that target the glycan cap or stem region were selected for investigation of the mechanisms of their antiviral effect. Comparative characterization of the inhibiting effects on multiple steps of viral replication was performed, including attachment, post-attachment, entry, binding at low pH, post-cleavage neutralization of virions, viral trafficking to endosomes, cell-to-cell transmission, viral egress, and inhibition when added early at various time points post-infection. In addition, Fc-domain related properties were characterized, including activation and degranulation of NK cells, antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis and glycan content. The two groups of mAbs (glycan cap versus stem) demonstrated very different profiles of activities suggesting usage of mAbs with different epitope specificity could coordinate inhibition of multiple steps of filovirus infection through Fab- and Fc-mediated mechanisms, and provide a reliable therapeutic approach.