gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintaining Retrieval Knowledge in a Case‐Based Reasoning System (2001)

The knowledge stored in a case base is central to the problem solving of a case‐based reasoning (CBR) system. Therefore, case‐base maintenance is a key component of maintaining a CBR system. However, other knowledge sources, such as indexing and similarity knowledge for improved case retrieval, also play an important role in CBR problem solving. For many CBR applications, the refinement of this retrieval knowledge is a necessary component of CBR maintenance. This article focuses on optimization of the parameters and feature selections/weights for the indexing and nearest‐neighbor algorithms used by CBR retrieval. Optimization is applied after case‐base maintenance and refines the CBR retrieval to reflect changes that have occurred to cases in the case base. The optimization process is generic and automatic, using knowledge contained in the cases. In this article we demonstrate its effectiveness on a real tablet formulation application in two maintenance scenarios. One scenario, a growing case base, is provided by two snapshots of a formulation database. A change in the company's formulation policy results in a second, more fundamental requirement for CBR maintenance. We show that after case‐base maintenance, the CBR system did indeed benefit from also refining the retrieval knowledge. We believe that existing CBR shells would benefit from including an option to automatically optimize the retrieval process.
PARALLEL COPYING GARBAGE COLLECTION USING DELAYED ALLOCATION (2004)

We present a new approach to parallel copying garbage collection on symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) machines appropriate for Java and other object-oriented languages. Parallel, in this setting, means that the collector runs in several parallel threads. Our collector is based on a new idea called delayed allocation, which completely eliminates the fragmentation problem of previous parallel copying collectors while still keeping low synchronization, high efficiency, and simplicity of collection. In addition to this main idea, we also discuss several other ideas such as termination detection, balancing the distribution of work, and dealing with contention during work distribution.
A General Variable Bandwidth Microring Filter for Lossless Bandwidth Tuning (2021)

We propose a general variable bandwidth filter of arbitrary even order based on the sum-difference microring filter architecture. The filter bandwidth can be varied by tuning only the resonant frequencies of the microrings and thus do not require additional controls other than those used to tune the filter center frequency. In addition, we show that there exists a bandwidth tuning range over which the filter exhibits no extra insertion loss and no degradation in the filter shape. We demonstrated a 4 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> -order variable bandwidth filter in Silicon-on-Insulator, achieving a bandwidth tuning range from 0.3 nm to 1.35 nm with a maximum in-band ripple of 3 dB. The proposed variable bandwidth filter could serve as a key element in elastic optical networks which can support variable data bandwidth allocation on demand.
Thermomechanics of the shape memory effect in polymers for biomedical applications (2005)

We examine the shape memory effect in polymer networks intended for biomedical, and specifically cardiovascular, applications. The polymers were synthesized by photopolymerization from a tert-butyl acrylate monomer with a diethyleneglycol diacrylate crosslinker. Three-point flexural tests were used to systematically investigate the thermomechanics of shape storage (predeformation) and shape recovery. The glass transition temperature, T(g), of the polymers was determined to be approximately 65 degrees C. The polymers show 100% strain recovery, at low and high predeformation temperatures, up to maximum strains of approximately 80%. The polymers show a sigmoidal free strain recovery response as a function of increasing temperature at a constant heating rate. Free strain recovery was determined to depend on the temperature during predeformation; lower predeformation temperatures (T < T(g)) decreased the temperature required for free strain recovery. Constrained stress recovery shows a complex evolution as a function of temperature and also depends on the temperature during predeformation. Stress recovery after low-temperature predeformation (T < T(g)) shows a peak in the generated recovery stress, whereas stress recovery after high-temperature predeformation (T > T(g)) is sigmoidal. The isothermal free strain recovery rate was found to increase with increasing temperature or decreasing predeformation temperature. The thermomechanical results are discussed in light of potential biomedical applications, and a prototype device is presented.
Development of a video-based slurry sensor for on-line ash analysis. Final technical report, October 1, 1994--September 30, 1996 (1996)

Automatic control of fine coal cleaning circuits has traditionally been limited by the lack of sensors for on-line ash analysis. Although several nuclear-based slurry analyzers are available, none have seen widespread acceptance. This is largely due to the fact that nuclear sensors are expensive and tend to be influenced by changes in seam type and pyrite content. In this investigation, an image analysis technique is used for on-line determination of ash content in fine coal slurries. The ash content of a flotation tailings stream is correlated to the mean gray level of the slurry. Based on a 90% prediction interval, an analysis of sensor performance indicates an accuracy of 73 {+-} 4% ash over a range from 65 - 90% ash. While this result is comparable to existing nuclear-based analyzers, the video-based system is only a fraction of the cost. The sensor is currently being used to monitor the column flotation tailings stream at the Middle Fork preparation plant owned and operated by Pittston Coal Company.
Therapeutic Anti-Tumor Immunity Mediated by Transiently Engrafting Allogeneic Lymphocytes: The “Allogeneic Effect” Revisited. (2005)

Abstract The “allogeneic effect” refers to the induction of host B cell antibody synthesis or host T cell cytotoxicity, including tumoricidal activity, by an infusion of allogeneic lymphocytes. We have previously shown that treatment of mice with cyclophosphamide (Cy) followed by infusion of CD8+ T cell-depleted allogeneic spleen cells (Cy + CD8− DLI) induces anti-tumor activity in a model of minimal residual leukemia, even though the donor cells are eventually rejected by the host immune system. The purpose of the current investigation was to test the activity of Cy + CD8− DLI in the treatment of well-established cancer, and to characterize the mechanisms of the anti-tumor effect. BALB/c mice were inoculated intravenously (IV) with the syngeneic A20 lymphoma/leukemia or the RENCA renal cell carcinoma on day 0 and were then treated with nothing, Cy alone on day 14, or Cy + CD8− DLI from MHC-mismatched C57BL/6 donors on day 15. In both tumor models, the combination of Cy + CD8− DLI significantly prolonged survival compared to mice treated with nothing or with Cy alone. While depletion of CD4+ T cells from the DLI significantly diminished the beneficial effect of CD8− DLI, purified CD4+ T cells alone were inactive, demonstrating that donor CD4+ T cells and another population of cells were required for optimal anti-tumor activity. Several observations pointed to an active role for the host immune system in the anti-tumor activity of Cy + CD8− DLI. First, host T cells participated in the anti-tumor effect of treatment with Cy alone, since the drug’s activity was diminished in tumor-bearing scid mice or in normal BALB/c mice depleted of T cells. Second, while Cy + CD8− DLI caused no GVHD in tumor-bearing but immunocompetent BALB/c recipients, it caused fatal acute GVHD in either tumor-bearing scid or T-cell depleted BALB/c mice. Finally, the anti-tumor effect of Cy + CD8- DLI was also significantly inhibited in BALB/c mice that were depleted of CD8+ T cells. These results demonstrate that transiently engrafting T cells administered after Cy can induce significant anti-tumor effects against both solid and liquid tumors. We propose that upon recognition of alloantigen on host antigen-presenting cells (APCs), allogeneic donor CD4+ T cells deliver activating ligands to the APCs, thereby generating effective “help” to break tolerance in tumor-specific host CD8+ T cells. This mechanism may correspond to the “allogeneic effect” in the anti-tumor response described over three decades ago.
Continuous-wave highly efficient phosphosilicate fibre-based Raman laser (λ = 1.24 μm) (1999)

An efficient fibre-based Raman laser was developed on the basis of a phosphosilicate optical fibre with low optical losses. Bragg fibre gratings, constituting the laser cavity, were formed directly in the active fibre. The parameters, mathematical modelling, and optimisation of the laser were investigated. As a result of the optimisation, the output power reached 2.4 W for pumping with radiation from a neodymium fibre-based laser with a power of 3.5 W, which corresponds to a 77% quantum efficiency of the Raman laser.
Exosomal Hsp70 in Liquid Biopsies - A Biomarker for Prediction and Response Monitoring in Cancer (2021)

In contrast to normal cells, tumor cells of multiple entities overexpress the Heat Shock Protein 70 (Hsp70) not only in the cytosol, but also present it on their plasma membrane in a tumor-specific manner. Furthermore, membrane-Hsp70 positive tumor cells actively release Hsp70 into lipid microvesicles termed exosomes into the blood. Due to conformational changes of Hsp70 in the lipid environment, most commercially available antibodies fail to detect membrane-bound and exosomal Hsp70. To fill this gap and to assess the role of exosomal Hsp70 in the circulation as a potential tumor biomarker, we established the novel complete Hsp70 (compHsp70) sandwich ELISA using two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that are able to recognize both, free and lipid-associated Hsp70 on the cell surface of viable tumor cells and exosomes. The epitopes of the mAbs cmHsp70.1 (aa 451-461) and cmHsp70.2 (aa 614-623) that are conserved among different species reside in the substrate-binding domain of Hsp70, with measured affinities of 0.42 nM and 0.44 nM, respectively. Validation of the compHsp70 ELISA revealed a high intra- and inter-assay precision, linearity in a concentration range of 1.56 to 25 ng/ml, high recovery rates of &lsquo;spiked&rsquo; liposomal Hsp70 (&gt;84%), comparable values between human serum and plasma samples, and no interference by food intake or age of the donors. Hsp70 concentrations in the circulation of patients with glioblastoma, squamous cell or adeno non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) at diagnosis were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers. Hsp70 concentrations dropped concomitantly with the decrease in viable tumor mass on irradiation of patients with approximately 20 Gy (range 18 &ndash; 22.5 Gy) or after completion of radiotherapy (60 - 70 Gy). In summary, the compHsp70 ELISA presented herein provides a highly sensitive and reliable tool for measuring free and exosomal Hsp70 in liquid biopsies of tumor patients, levels of which can be used as a predictive tumor-specific biomarker, risk assessment and for monitoring therapeutic outcome.
Evaluation and Optimization of Low-Density Cement: Laboratory Studies and Field Application (2009)

Summary Cementing a string in one stage is a challenging task, especially in the presence of weak formations. Cement-slurry losses during placement are highly possible if the equivalent-circulating density (ECD) exceeds 11.0 lbm/gal during placement. A conventional method to overcome this challenge is to use multistage cementing by setting the stage tool above the lost-circulation zone. However, field data indicate that the tool can fail, thus causing serious delay and economic losses. In addition, stage tools are considered weak points and are not good for a long-term seal. A second method for zonal isolation is to use low-density cement (LDC). In this study, we considered cementing the intermediate and production casings in the S-1 (sandstone) and S-2 (carbonate) shallow formations and the BJD (dolomite) deep formation in a single stage using lower-density cement based on hollow microspheres, at 9.4 lbm/gal. The shallow conditions simulated in the laboratory tests were 150°F curing temperature, 2,400-psi conditioning pressure, and 1,800-psi confining pressure for 3 months. The deep conditions were 260°F curing temperature, 5,000-psi conditioning pressure, and 3,000-psi confining pressure, also for 3 months. Hollow-microspheres cement was used in oil and gas wells without encountering any operational problems. However, the high cost of microspheres cement was a limitation for potential field application. In this study, we present extensive laboratory work to optimize hollow-microspheres LDC by the elimination of microfine cement from the blend. Experimental studies (shrinkage, compressive strength, porosity, gas and brine permeability, and chemical analysis of cement) were conducted to determine the effect of this optimization on the properties of cement. Data generated during the 3 months supported the use of the optimized system to cement casings at the shallow conditions tested. The removal of microfine cement did not reduce the compressive strength, with an average of 2,013 psi; no shrinkage was observed, and no increase in permeability was noted during the three months of testing. The use of the optimized system did help in bringing cement to the surface in one stage. The cost of the optimized blend was 40% less than conventional hollow-microspheres LDC. This paper presents case histories that include job design, job execution, and evaluation of the LDC. Field treatments were successful and maintained isolation for more than 3 years.
A Cooperative Authentication of IPSec and SEND Mechanisms in IPv6 Environments (2008)

The IPv6 network protects the IP layer by using the IPSec protocol and the SEND mechanism. However each host should be authenticated repeatedly when the two mechanisms are used at the same time. In this paper, we propose a cooperation scheme to share the authentication information between the SEND mechanism and the IPSec protocol. By sharing the authentication data of the host with the SEND mechanism, IPSec protocol expects the cost reduction for establishing a secure communication channel. We also evaluate the performance of the proposed mechanism by implementing the cooperation scheme.
Object Counting and Instance Segmentation with Image-level Supervision (2019)

Common object counting in a natural scene is a challenging problem in computer vision with numerous real-world applications. Existing image-level supervised common object counting approaches only predict the global object count and rely on additional instance-level supervision to also determine object locations. We propose an image-level supervised approach that provides both the global object count and the spatial distribution of object instances by constructing an object category density map. Motivated by psychological studies, we further reduce image-level supervision using a limited object count information (up to four). To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to propose image-level supervised density map estimation for common object counting and demonstrate its effectiveness in image-level supervised instance segmentation. Comprehensive experiments are performed on the PASCAL VOC and COCO datasets. Our approach outperforms existing methods, including those using instance-level supervision, on both datasets for common object counting. Moreover, our approach improves state-of-the-art image-level supervised instance segmentation with a relative gain of 17.8% in terms of average best overlap, on the PASCAL VOC 2012 dataset. Code link: https://github.com/GuoleiSun/CountSeg
Tricyclic thiazolo[3,2‐<i>a</i>]thiapyrano[4,3‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidines and related analogs as potential anti‐inflammatory agents (1981)

Abstract A series of novel tricyclic thiazolo[3,2‐ a ]thiapyrano[4,3‐ d ]pyrimidines and related oxa, aza and carbo analogs of general formula 1 were prepared by a convenient addition‐cyclization reaction involving 2‐amino‐2‐thiazoline ( 4 ) and bisarylidene ketones of formula 3. Some of these compounds demonstrated antiinflammatory activity.
Parametric Modeling Method for Conceptual Vehicle Design (2005)

Early conceptual design is one of the most important stages in vehicle product development. At this stage, various iterations of design, analysis, validation, and confirmation need to be carried out with limited and constantly changing vehicle design information. To overcome this difficulty, computer aided design tools are widely used. Various parametric concept models are created and employed to increase the number of design iterations and reduce the design cycle time. However, two of the most common challenges still exist: 1) how to build a parametric model that is flexible and robust while maintaining adequate accuracy, and 2) how to easily manipulate the model based on limited dimensional and geometrical input available at early design stages. In this paper, a parametric modeling and controlling method is presented. It has been developed to generate and manipulate a parametric vehicle concept model for vehicle design at early design stages. This method greatly improves the flexibility and robustness of the parametric concept model, and allows easy modifications of the model based on the limited available input.
Studies of mammalian ornithine decarboxylase using a monoclonal antibody (1984)

A monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin M class was produced against mouse kidney ornithine decarboxylase. Screening for the antibody was carried out using alpha-difluoromethyl[5-3H]ornithine-labelled ornithine decarboxylase. The antibody reacted with this antigen and with native ornithine decarboxylase. The antibody attached to Sepharose could be used to form an immunoaffinity column that retained mammalian ornithine decarboxylase. The active enzyme could then be eluted in a highly purified form by 1.0M-sodium thiocyanate. The monoclonal antibody could also be used to precipitate labelled ornithine decarboxylase from homogenates of kidneys from androgen-treated mice given [35S]methionine. Only one band, corresponding to Mr of about 55000, was observed. The extensive labelling of this band is consistent with the rapid turnover of ornithine decarboxylase protein, since this enzyme represents only about 1 part in 10000 of the cytosolic protein.
Action of an antioxidant complex on the antioxidant power of saliva. (2010)

This study indicated that antioxidant levels can be increased with specific nutritional supplement. The clinical value of an increased antioxidant power in biological fluids, particularly in saliva, may be relevant for future trials of prevention and treatment.
Enhancement of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection after DNA vaccination with the FIV envelope (1997)

Despite intensive experimentation to develop effective and safe vaccines against the human immunodeficiency viruses and other pathogenic lentiviruses, it remains unclear whether an immune response that does not afford protection may, on the contrary, produce adverse effects. In the present study, the effect of genetic immunization with the env gene was examined in a natural animal model of lentivirus pathogenesis, infection of cats by the feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). Three groups of seven cats were immunized by intramuscular transfer of plasmid DNAs expressing either the wild-type envelope or two envelopes bearing mutations in the principal immunodominant domain of the transmembrane glycoprotein. Upon homologous challenge, determination of plasma virus load showed that the acute phase of viral infection occurred earlier in the three groups of cats immunized with FIV envelopes than in the control cats. Genetic immunization, however, elicited low or undetectable levels of antibodies directed against envelope glycoproteins. These results suggest that immunization with the FIV env gene may result in enhancement of infection and that mechanisms unrelated to enhancing antibodies underlay the observed acceleration.
Fiber‐ring laser‐based fiber grating sensor system using self‐healing ring architecture (2002)

Abstract This paper presents a self‐healing fiber grating sensor system and demonstrates its effectiveness. The self‐healing function is constructed by using a primary ring architecture incorporated with several ring sub‐networks. To enhance the sensing signal when a breakpoint suddenly occurs in the network, we employ a fiber‐ring laser‐based sensor system. The network survivability of an 11‐point FBG sensor is experimentally examined. The proposed fiber grating sensor system can increase the reliability of a sensing network. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 35: 441–444, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.10633
A silicon-based shape memory alloy microvalve (1992)

A new actuator for silicon micro-valves has been developed and tested. A thin film shape memory alloy provides for large deflections with high speed, low power, and small size. The actuator is batch fabricated with planar processes.
A CMOS compatible lateral emitter switched thyristor with enhanced turn-on capability (1994)

A new Lateral Emitter Switched Thyristor structure (LEST) is proposed and experimentally verified. The structure differs from the conventional LEST in that it embeds a floating ohmic contact between the n/sup -/ drift region and the n/sup +/ floating emitter. Both simulation and experimental results show that the device has an enhanced turn-on capability compared with the conventional LEST without deteriorating its other characteristics. The device is fabricated using a 3 μm CMOS process to have a 320 V breakdown voltage and a 0.7 V threshold voltage. Thyristor turn-on is observed at an anode voltage below 2 V. The maximum MOS controllable current density is in excess of 200 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 5 V gate voltage.
Identification of Elastic Anisotropy Mechanisms From a Joint Interpretation of Borehole Images And Sonic Logs (2010)

ABSTRACT We present a methodology to identify the mechanism responsible for elastic anisotropy observed by dipole sonic logs. The methodology is based on a joint interpretation of borehole images and sonic logs. We use all possible structural geology data available from borehole images to model the dipole sonic shear slownesses and fast-shear azimuth (FSA). Geological data are assigned to one of three classes of structural features corresponding to the three main classes of elastic anisotropy: natural or drilling-induced fracture-related features for fracture-induced anisotropy, stress-related features (e.g., breakouts) for stress-induced anisotropy, and bedding-related features for layer-induced anisotropy. The proposed workflow allows us to assess in a unique or non-unique way which mechanism is compatible with both borehole geology and sonic data, and is complementary to dispersion-curve analysis. The joint interpretation of borehole images and sonic logs also provides insight into commonly and less commonly known relationships between FSA and the different anisotropy mechanisms for different well and symmetry orientations. We demonstrate the methodology through two tight-sandstone gas reservoir case studies for vertical wells in fracture- and stress-induced environments, and one synthetic case study considering a deviated well in a dipping shale environment. We conclude that the combination of sonic and borehole image data yields invaluable information on the type of anisotropy mechanism responsible for sonic azimuthal behavior, both in seemingly simple cases involving vertical wells, as well as more complex cases of arbitrary well or anisotropy symmetry orientations.