gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Locking Arrangement for Radial Entry Turbine Blades (2011)

Turbine blades with radial fasteners (T-shank, radial fir-tree, etc.) are commonly used in current steam turbomachinery, especially in power generation applications. However, this reliable and cost-effective design is limited by the strength of the axial pins which lock the closing part in the radial entry slot in the disc. In applications with high speed rotors or heavy blades, the centrifugal force of the blade exceeds the pin strength. In those applications, the airfoil portion of the closing blade is cut off leaving only the bottom portion which is located in the radial entry slot. Some original equipment manufactures (OEMs) also remove the airfoil of the blade 180 degrees opposite for better balancing. The absence of two airfoils is detrimental to efficiency and reliability of the entire row. Siemens Demag Delaval Turbomachinery, Inc. (SDDTI) developed a new locking arrangement which eliminates the above described shortcoming associated with standard radial entry blades. This paper presents the design of the new patented locking arrangement and mechanical stress calculations (FEA) of its major components. In order to verify the validity of the design and calculations, a full-scale row of modernized radial entry blades for an existing US Navy turbine with the new locking arrangement was tested. The testing was done over the full range of operating speeds in a vacuum bunker. The paper also describes the special test rotor, instrumentation used, and the test results which were compared with the stress calculations. The tests confirmed all the advantages of the new locking arrangement and showed acceptable correlation with the stress calculations. The patented design will expand applications for radial entry blades, modernize radial entry blades with missing blade airfoils, and provide a cost-effective method to repair localized cracks in the fastener area of the turbine discs.
A 26 dB wide dynamic range rectifier array employing three rectifying devices (2017)

This paper presents the implementation and design of a three-device rectifier array based on the concept of adaptive power distribution methodology to design a very wide dynamic range rectifier. The circuit is based on microstrip design, however lumped components can also be used for design such a circuit. The fabricated circuit achieves RF to dc conversion power efficiencies higher than 50% over 26 dB dynamic range and with a peak efficiency of 57% at 810 MHz.
A Novel NADH-linked L-Xylulose Reductase in the L-Arabinose Catabolic Pathway of Yeast (2004)

An NADH-dependent l-xylulose reductase and the corresponding gene were identified from the yeast Ambrosiozyma monospora. The enzyme is part of the yeast pathway for l-arabinose catabolism. A fungal pathway for l-arabinose utilization has been described previously for molds. In this pathway l-arabinose is sequentially converted to l-arabinitol, l-xylulose, xylitol, and d-xylulose and enters the pentose phosphate pathway as d-xylulose 5-phosphate. In molds the reductions are NADPH-linked, and the oxidations are NAD(+)-linked. Here we show that in A. monospora the pathway is similar, i.e. it has the same two reduction and two oxidation reactions, but the reduction by l-xylulose reductase is not performed by a strictly NADPH-dependent enzyme as in molds but by a strictly NADH-dependent enzyme. The ALX1 gene encoding the NADH-dependent l-xylulose reductase is strongly expressed during growth on l-arabinose as shown by Northern analysis. The gene was functionally overexpressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the purified His-tagged protein characterized. The reversible enzyme converts l-xylulose to xylitol. It also converts d-ribulose to d-arabinitol but has no activity with l-arabinitol or adonitol, i.e. it is specific for sugar alcohols where, in a Fischer projection, the hydroxyl group of the C-2 is in the l-configuration and the hydroxyl group of C-3 is in the d-configuration. It also has no activity with C-6 sugars or sugar alcohols. The K(m) values for l-xylulose and d-ribulose are 9.6 and 4.7 mm, respectively. To our knowledge this is the first report of an NADH-linked l-xylulose reductase.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Vinylation of Organic Halides (1982)

Abstract The palladium‐catalyzed vinylation of organic halides provides a very convenient method for forming carboncarbon bonds at unsubstituted vinylic positions. Generally the reaction does not require anhydrous or anaerobic conditions although it is advisable to limit access of oxygen when arylphosphines are used as a component of the catalyst. The transformation is valuable because it cannot be carried out in a single step by any other known method (except in certain Meerwein reactions). The organic halide employed is limited to aryl, heterocyclic, benzyl, or vinyl types, with bromides and iodides seen most often. Halides with an easily eliminated beta‐hydrogen atom ( i.e. , alkyl derivatives) cannot be used since they form only olefins by elimination under the normal reaction conditions. The base needed may be a secondary or tertiary amine, sodium or potassium acetate, carbonate, or bicarbonate. When nucleophilic secondary amines are used as coreactants with most vinylic halides, a variation occurs that often produces tertiary allylic amines as major products. The catalyst is commonly palladium acetate, although palladium chloride or preformed triarylphosphine palladium complexes, as well as palladium on charcoal, have been used. A reactant, product, or solvent may serve as the ligand in reactions involving organic iodides, but generally a triarylphosphine or a secondary amine is required when organic bromides are used. The reaction, which occurs between ca. 50° and 160° proceeds homogeneously. Solvents such as acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, hexamethylphosphoramide, N‐methylpyrrolidinone, and methanol have been used, but are often not necessary. The procedure is applicable to a very wide range of reactants and yields are generally good to excellent. Several variations of the reaction are known in which the organic halide is replaced by other reagents such as organometallics, diazonium salts, or aromatic hydrocarbons. These reactions are not discussed in detail, but are only briefly compared with the halide reaction. Other related reactions such as the palladium‐catalyzed replacement of allylic substituents with carbanionic reagents, the palladium‐promoted nucleophilic substitutions at olefinic carbons, and the numerous palladium‐catalyzed coupling reactions of halides and organometallics are also beyond the scope of this review. The palladium‐catalyzed vinylic substitution reaction has not yet received much attention from organic chemists, but its broad scope and simplicity demonstrate that it is a useful method for the synthesis of a variety of olefinic compounds.
Power source and its new firing method for gas metal arc welding (1999)

Abstract The electronically controlled power sources for steady and pulsed Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) consist of either converters or transistors. For steady direct current welding with a converter power source, a single fully‐controlled three‐phase bridge converter is widely used. As for pulsed DC welding, it is done with two parallel‐connected converters: a single‐phase converter for the production of pulsed direct current with different frequencies and width, and a three‐phase converter for the generation of the background current. Both these power sources are associated with a number of disadvantages. They produce harmonics in the AC mains. And in the case of the power source for pulsed welding, a low dynamic response is noticeable apart from unsymmetrical reactions in the mains caused by the single‐phase converter. In addition to these, it is complex to operate and maintain, large in size, less efficient and is relatively expensive. This paper presents a single fully‐controlled three‐phase bridge converter with a new firing method of the thyristors that can be used for both welding methods. The distortions produced in the mains as a result can be reduced with the help of two tuned resonant line filters, if needed, although they add weight, size and cost to the power source. This new method was verified by simulation and the results are presented. Through this means, the disadvantages associated especially with pulsed DC welding can be reduced to a minimum.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Targeting Agents: Conjugates of Nitroimidazoles with Trimethyl Nordihydroguaiaretic Acid (2014)

Cancer has been a primary global health issue for decades, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) resulting in more than half a million new cases annually. With survival rates as low as <5% after five years, it remains a poorly treated cancer. Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an antioxidant, was previously proven effective against cancer cells. Nitroimidazole derivatives convert into reactive compounds under hypoxic conditions. In this study, eight methylated NDGAs containing a 2- or 4-nitroimidazole moiety were synthesized as leads against HCC. Four of these conjugates, possessing a poly(ethylene glycol) tether, had superior aqueous solubility. These four NDGA-nitroimidazole conjugates were found to inhibit the proliferation HCC Hep3B cells with IC50 values between 10 and 15 μM. Furthermore, nitroimidazole-conjugated NDGA derivatives exhibit better antiproliferative activity under hypoxic conditions.
The MYB transcription factor GhMYB25 regulates early fibre and trichome development (2009)

Little is still known about the developmental control of the long seed coat trichomes of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). In Arabidopsis, leaf trichome initiation is regulated by a group of well-defined transcription factors that includes MYB and homeodomain types. Many MYBs are expressed in fibres, but their roles in fibre development remain unclear. We analysed the function of one MYB transcription factor, GhMYB25, identified from transcriptome comparisons between wild-type and fibreless cotton mutants. A GhMYB25 promoter-GUS construct in transgenic cotton was expressed in the epidermis of ovules, developing fibre initials and fibres, in the trichomes of a number of tissues including leaves, stems and petals, as well as in the anthers, pollen and the epidermal layers of roots and root initials, but not in root hairs. Cotton is an allotetraploid with two very similar GhMYB25 genes that were silenced by a single RNAi construct. GhMYB25-silenced cotton showed alterations in the timing of rapid fibre elongation, resulting in short fibres, dramatic reductions in trichomes on other parts of the plant, and reductions in seed production. Reciprocal crosses between transgenic and non-transgenic plants indicated that pollen and ovule viability per se were not disrupted. Ectopic over-expression of GhMYB25 had more subtle impacts, with increases in cotton fibre initiation and leaf trichome number. High expression appeared to adversely affect fertility. Our results provide convincing evidence for a role of GhMYB25, like other MIXTA-like MYBS, in regulating specialized outgrowths of epidermal cells, including, in this case, cotton fibres.
Multi-User Cooperative Communications with Relay-Coding for Uplink IMT-Advanced 4G Systems (2009)

Adoption of relay stations has been commonly accepted as a key technique for future IMT-advanced 4G systems to improve the link performance. While study in relay systems is often carried out for individual users independently, in this paper, we present a design termed as relay-based multi-user cooperative communication specifically for the uplink of 4G systems. In this system, data streams from multiple users are coded at the relay with an invertible matrix in finite field. These coded data, with information of one user being spread into other data streams, are forwarded by the RS to the base station (BS). The relayed data received at the BS will work together with those received through the direct links between mobile stations (MS) and BS to implement a cooperative process. This is carried out using a turbo decoding process that alternates the decoding between a multi-user decoder and a number of single-user decoders. It is shown through the simulations that the decoding converges within two or three iterations, yet indeed provides significant gains compared with a reference relay system where each user is processed individually.
A New Approach to Impulse Response Measurements at High Sampling Rates (2014)

High sampling rates are required to fully characterize some acoustical systems, but capturing the system’s high-frequency roll-off decreases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Band-pass filtering can improve the SNR, but may create an undesirable pre-response. An iterative procedure is developed to measure impulse responses (IRs) with an improved SNR and a constrained pre-response. First, a quick measurement provides information about the system and ambient noise. A second, longer measurement is then performed, and a suitable band-pass filter is applied to the recorded signal. Experimental results show that the proposed procedure achieves an SNR of 37 dB with a peak pre-response amplitude of <0.2% of the IR peak, whereas a conventional technique achieves an SNR of 32 dB with a peak pre-response amplitude of 16%.
Organic light emitting devices from OLED to organic laser diode (2007)

We mention some significant progresses on organic light emitting diode (OLED), organic laser diode (OLD) and organic field effect transistor (OFET). We discuss prospect of OLD based on recent developments of organic light emitting devices.
A lens-free and mirror-free fiber integrated optical magnetic field sensor (1996)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Minemoto, D. Ishiko, N. Itoh, Y. Yoshikawa, and S. Ishizuka, "A lens-free and mirror-free fiber integrated optical magnetic field sensor," in Optical Fiber Sensors, (Optica Publishing Group, 1996), paper Th52. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Electrostatic Doping-Based All GNR Tunnel FET: An Energy-Efficient Design for Power Electronics (2019)

Electrostatic doping (ED)-based graphene nanoribbon (GNR) tunneling field-effect transistor (TFET) with trigate design is studied. The transfer and output characteristics of the GNR-TFET are explored using extended Hückel semiempirical method. An I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio as high as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> is obtained with the ON-state current on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> μA/μm. A sub-60 mv/decade subthreshold swing is also observed (35 mv/decade). Armchair GNR with widths of 11 and 9 dimmers is found to be the best geometry to obtain a high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> /I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> ratio, and channel length of greater than 6.9 nm suppresses short-channel effect. The scaling behavior of the ED-based GNR-TFET is also studied. It is observed that a smaller gate-to-gate distance facilitate large ON-state current and small OFF-state current. Moreover, it is shown that for a high-quality switching performance, the lowest required built-in gate voltage must provide enough energy differential ΔE between the source- and drain-side energy bands.
Water/carbonate stripping for CO.sub.2 capture adsorber regeneration and CO.sub.2 delivery to photoautotrophs (2015)

The invention provides systems and methods for the delivery of carbon to photoautotrophs. The invention utilizes low energy regeneration of adsorbent for CO.sub.2 capture and provides for effective CO.sub.2 loading into liquids useful for photoautotroph growth and/or production of photosynthetic products, such as biofuels, via photoautotrophic culture media. The inventive system comprises a fluid/membrane/fluid contactor that provides selective transfer of molecular CO.sub.2 via a dense (non-porous) membrane from a carbonate-based CO.sub.2 snipping solution to a culture medium where the CO.sub.2 is consumed by a photoautotroph for the production of biofuels, biofuel precursors or other commercial products.
Dynamic depth recovery from multiple synchronized video streams (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of extracting depth information of non-rigid dynamic 3D scenes from multiple synchronized video streams. Three main issues are discussed in this context. (i) temporally consistent depth estimation, (ii) sharp depth discontinuity estimation around object boundaries, and (iii) enforcement of the global visibility constraint. We present a framework in which the scene is modeled as a collection of 3D piecewise planar surface patches induced by color based image segmentation. This representation is continuously estimated using an incremental formulation in which the 3D geometric, motion, and global visibility constraints are enforced over space and time. The proposed algorithm optimizes a cost function that incorporates the spatial color consistency constraint and a smooth scene motion model.
Thermal neutron imaging with PIN photodiode line scanner and Eu-doped LiCaAlF<inf>6</inf> scintillator (2011)

Thermal neutron imaging using Si PIN photodiode line scanner and Eu-doped LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> crystal scintillator has been developed. The pixel dimensions of photodiode are 1.18 mm (width) × 3.8 mm (length) with 0.4 mm gap and the module has 192 channels in linear array. The emission peaks of Eu-doped LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> after thermal neutron excitation are placed at 370 and 590 nm, and the corresponding photon sensitivities of photodiode are 0.04 and 0.34 A/W respectively. Polished scintillator blocks with a size of 1.18 mm (Width) × 3.8 mm (length) × 5.0mm (thickness) were wrapped by several layers of Teflon tapes as a reflector and optically coupled to the photodiodes by silicone grease. JRR-3 MUSASI beam line emitting 13.5 meV thermal neutrons with the flux of 8 × 105 n/cm2s was used for the imaging test. As a subject for imaging, a Cd plate was moved at the speed of 50 mm/s perpendicularly to the thermal neutron beam. Analog integration time was set to be 416.6 μs, then signals were converted by a delta-sigma A/D converter. After the image processing, we successfully obtained moving Cd plate image under thermal neutron irradiation using PIN photodiode line scanner coupled with Eu-doped LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> scintillator.
Removal of Suspended Alumina Particles from Heavy Water by Electroadsorption on Fibrous Carbon Electrodes (1987)

An electrochemical filter is used for efficient and fast removal of alumina particles suspended in heavy water circulating in a nuclear reactor. The process is based on electrostatic interactions between the charged colloids and an oppositely charged porous carbon electrode. A high degree of purification is achieved by this process.
Selective Peptide Antagonist of the Class E Calcium Channel from the Venom of the Tarantula<i>Hysterocrates gigas</i> (1998)

We describe the first potent and selective blocker of the class E Ca2+channel. SNX-482, a novel 41 amino acid peptide present in the venom of the African tarantula, Hysterocrates gigas, was identified through its ability to inhibit human class E Ca2+ channels stably expressed in a mammalian cell line. An IC50 of 15-30 nM was obtained for block of the class E Ca2+ channel, using either patch clamp electrophysiology or K+-evoked Ca2+ flux. At low nanomolar concentrations, SNX-482 also blocked a native resistant or R-type Ca2+ current in rat neurohypophyseal nerve terminals, but concentrations of 200-500 nM had no effect on R-type Ca2+ currents in several types of rat central neurons. The peptide has the sequence GVDKAGCRYMFGGCSVNDDCCPRLGCHSLFSYCAWDLTFSD-OH and is homologous to the spider peptides grammatoxin S1A and hanatoxin, both peptides with very different ion channel blocking selectivities. No effect of SNX-482 was observed on the following ion channel activities: Na+ or K+ currents in several cultured cell types (up to 500 nM); K+ current through cloned potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1. 4 expressed in Xenopus oocytes (up to 140 nM); Ca2+ flux through L- and T-type Ca2+ channels in an anterior pituitary cell line (GH3, up to 500 nM); and Ba2+ current through class A Ca2+ channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes (up to 280 nM). A weak effect was noted on Ca2+ current through cloned and stably expressed class B Ca2+ channels (IC50 > 500 nM). The unique selectivity of SNX-482 suggests its usefulness in studying the diversity, function, and pharmacology of class E and/or R-type Ca2+ channels.
Inattentional Blindness for Redirected Walking Using Dynamic Foveated\n Rendering (2019)

Redirected walking is a Virtual Reality(VR) locomotion technique which\nenables users to navigate virtual environments (VEs) that are spatially larger\nthan the available physical tracked space. In this work we present a novel\ntechnique for redirected walking in VR based on the psychological phenomenon of\ninattentional blindness. Based on the user's visual fixation points we divide\nthe user's view into zones. Spatially-varying rotations are applied according\nto the zone's importance and are rendered using foveated rendering. Our\ntechnique is real-time and applicable to small and large physical spaces.\nFurthermore, the proposed technique does not require the use of stimulated\nsaccades but rather takes advantage of naturally occurring saccades and blinks\nfor a complete refresh of the framebuffer. We performed extensive testing and\npresent the analysis of the results of three user studies conducted for the\nevaluation.\n
Biosynthesis of Human Papillomavirus from a Continuous Cell Line Upon Epithelial Differentiation (1992)

The study of the human pathogen papillomaviruses (HPVs) has been hampered by the inability to propagate the virus in tissue culture. The addition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate to the media of organotypic (raft) cultures increased expression of physiological markers of keratinocyte differentiation and concomitantly induced production of virions. Capsid production was detected in differentiated suprabasal cells. Virions approximately 54 nanometers in size were observed by electron microscopy in raft tissue cross sections in the suprabasal layers. Virions purified through isopycnic gradients were found to contain type 31b DNA and exhibited an icosahedral shape similar to that of papillomaviruses found in clinical samples.
Polymeric Membranes for Medical Applications (2003)

Abstract The commercial application of membranes in dialysis treatment has started already 40 years ago. Today, dialysis is the application in medicine using the largest number of membrane surface area per year. Integration of the membrane production process into dialyzer manufacturing was the key element in the successful transition from small scale production to large scale dialyzer manufacturing. Automatization techniques are heavily integrated into this process to fulfill the high quality and safety demands in medical technology. This paper gives an overview on the different membrane applications in medical industry. The material selection for manufacturing dialysis membranes and the different membrane morphologies are discussed. In the second part the different manufacturing steps in dialyzer production are presented.