gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis in Acid Conditions Using Ruthenate‐Iridate Pyrochlores (2014)

The pyrochlore solid solution (Na(0.33)Ce(0.67))2(Ir(1-x)Ru(x))2O7 (0≤x≤1), containing B-site Ru(IV) and Ir(IV) is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and used as a catalyst layer for electrochemical oxygen evolution from water at pH<7. The materials have atomically mixed Ru and Ir and their nanocrystalline form allows effective fabrication of electrode coatings with improved charge densities over a typical (Ru,Ir)O2 catalyst. An in situ study of the catalyst layers using XANES spectroscopy at the Ir L(III) and Ru K edges shows that both Ru and Ir participate in redox chemistry at oxygen evolution conditions and that Ru is more active than Ir, being oxidized by almost one oxidation state at maximum applied potential, with no evidence for ruthenate or iridate in +6 or higher oxidation states.
Detection of anti-dsDNA antibodies by computer-aided automated immunofluorescence analysis (2016)

Results generated by NOVA View CLIFT were equivalent to those obtained by manual microscopic reading on a large routine sample set. NOVA View demonstrated consistency within and between runs, and between instruments. Automation of CLIFT provides reliability and is a suitable alternative for routine clinical laboratories.
Automated annotation and quantitative description of ultrasound videos of the fetal heart (2016)

Interpretation of ultrasound videos of the fetal heart is crucial for the antenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD). We believe that automated image analysis techniques could make an important contribution towards improving CHD detection rates. However, to our knowledge, no previous work has been done in this area. With this goal in mind, this paper presents a framework for tracking the key variables that describe the content of each frame of freehand 2D ultrasound scanning videos of the healthy fetal heart. This represents an important first step towards developing tools that can assist with CHD detection in abnormal cases. We argue that it is natural to approach this as a sequential Bayesian filtering problem, due to the strong prior model we have of the underlying anatomy, and the ambiguity of the appearance of structures in ultrasound images. We train classification and regression forests to predict the visibility, location and orientation of the fetal heart in the image, and the viewing plane label from each frame. We also develop a novel adaptation of regression forests for circular variables to deal with the prediction of cardiac phase. Using a particle-filtering-based method to combine predictions from multiple video frames, we demonstrate how to filter this information to give a temporally consistent output at real-time speeds. We present results on a challenging dataset gathered in a real-world clinical setting and compare to expert annotations, achieving similar levels of accuracy to the levels of inter- and intra-observer variation.
Cybermedicine: The Benefits and Risks of Purchasing Drugs Over The Internet (2016)

In today's rapidly changing world of e-commerce, almost anything can be bought over the Internet and delivered right to your front door. Virtually every day there is news of yet another company selling some type of product online. Included in this barrage of products is prescription medication. Not only is it possible to order prescription medication over the Internet, in some cases it is not necessary to be examined, or even to consult with a physician. ~ To some, this new type of "cybermedicine" is an affront to traditional medicine, as well as potentially dangerous to consumers. In addition, the availability of medication over the Internet presents a vexing and complex challenge to state and federal agencies charged with enforcing drug laws. This problem has recently led to the Commerce Committee of the U.S. House hold hearings on the subject in an effort to understand what is involved with this new type of medicine, and which federal and state agencies have jurisdiction over online prescription sales. Unfortunately, it still remains unclear as to exactly which agencies do have jurisdiction. Nevertheless, as Congress and individual states rush to address the issue, entrepreneurs and drugstore chains are racing to establish the next on-line pharmacy. For consumers, the idea of dealing with a "cyber-pharmacy" is appealing for several reasons. Lower cost and convenience for elderly people or those living in rural areas, as well as the ability to privately consult with a pharmacist are just a few of the benefits often cited. IO But in addition to these advantages, there are still substantial risks. These include easy access to illegal or unapproved drugs, medication offered without a prescription, and drugs marketed with fake health claims. As the confusion over online pharmacies mounts, one thing is clear; this new type of medicine is growing at a substantial rate. This comment will attempt to define and explain the tremendous growth of online pharmacies. Next it will examine pending legislation and current cases relating to the sale of medication online. Finally this comment will examine the risks and benefits of ordering medications online, and what consumers should do to protect themselves as well as comply with the Jaw.
Ontogenetic development of intestinal length and relationships to diet in an Australasian fish family (Terapontidae) (2013)

The ontogenetic development of intestinal complexity appears to represent an important functional innovation underlying the extensive trophic differentiation seen in Australia's freshwater terapontids, specifically facilitating the pronounced shifts away from carnivorous (including invertebrates and vertebrates) diets evident across the family. The capacity to modify intestinal morphology and physiology may also be an important facilitator of trophic diversification during other phyletic radiations.
TAG (2002)

We present the Tiny AGgregation (TAG) service for aggregation in low-power, distributed, wireless environments. TAG allows users to express simple, declarative queries and have them distributed and executed efficiently in networks of low-power, wireless sensors. We discuss various generic properties of aggregates, and show how those properties affect the performance of our in network approach. We include a performance study demonstrating the advantages of our approach over traditional centralized, out-of-network methods, and discuss a variety of optimizations for improving the performance and fault tolerance of the basic solution.
Electrorefining of Zirconium Metal in Alkali Chloride and Alkali Fluoride Fused Electrolytes (1985)

The electrorefining of zirconium metal in alkali halide melts has been investigated. Variables affecting the electrodeposition process such as the composition of the electrolyte, the current density, and the configuration of the electrodes were studied. Two types of electrolytes were used: the alkali chloride‐rich and the alkali fluoride‐rich electrolytes. The various electrolytes are considered in terms of their ability to complex the soluble zirconium ions, a property which is important for the electrodeposition of coherent metal deposits from these melts. Crystalline zirconium metal of good quality has been obtained from fluoride melts containing , , and either or at about 750°C.
Metabolic activity of bacterial cells enumerated by direct viable count (1987)

The direct viable count (DVC) method was modified by incorporating radiolabeled substrates in microautoradiographic analyses to assess bacterial survival in controlled laboratory microcosms. The DVC method, which permits enumeration of culturable and nonculturable cells, discriminates those cells that are responsive to added nutrients but in which division is inhibited by the addition of nalidixic acid. The resulting elongated cells represent all viable cells; this includes those that are culturable on routine media and those that are not. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis were employed in the microcosm studies, and radiolabeled substrates included [methyl-3H]thymidine or [U-14C]glutamic acid. Samples taken at selected intervals during the survival experiments were examined by epifluorescence microscopy to enumerate cells by the DVC and acridine orange direct count methods, as well as by culture methods. Good correlation was obtained for cell-associated metabolic activity, measured by microautoradiography and substrate responsiveness (by the DVC method) at various stages of survival. Of the cells responsive to nutrients by the DVC method, ca. 90% were metabolically active by the microautoradiographic method. No significant difference was observed between DVC enumerations with or without added radiolabeled substrate.
Reversible magnetic domain-wall motion under an electric field in a magnetoelectric thin film (2008)

We report direct microscopic measurements that confirm the magnetic stripe-domain patterns can be reversibly changed under an electric field due to the converse magnetoelectric effect in a bilayer thin film ferromagnetic-Ni/ferroelectric-lead zirconate titanate (100nm∕1.28μm) heterostructure. Electric field-induced curving, bending, branching, and elongation of magnetic stripe-domain patterns in the Ni layer are observed with the use of magnetic force microscopy. Upon removal of the electric field, the magnetic stripe-domain patterns return to their original configuration, i.e., reversible.
Gestión del agua en el manejo integral de los vertisuelos bajo diferentes agroecosistemas (2004)

Resumen es: En este trabajo se discuten los resultados de la utilizacion de dispositivos de medicion del desplazamiento de los solidos para la estimacion de la humed...
Temporal processing with volatile memristors (2013)

Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) is a mechanism identified in brain systems according to which the effective connection strength (synaptic strength) between two neurons varies dynamically with recent communication history. As a consequence, the amplitude of the post-synaptic potential in response to a single pre-synaptic event, so-called “spike”, may increase (short-term facilitation) or decrease (short-term depression) with consecutive presynaptic stimulation. However, in contrast to Long-term Synaptic plasticity, these changes are temporary and are typically restored in the absence of input. Interestingly, however, a single neuron which receives input via both facilitating and depressing synapses has improved discrimination capability, distinguishing, for instance, between a sequence of events and a sequence of the same events presented in the reversed order. We, therefore, studied the memory mechanisms in emerging non-CMOS devices with a view to application in temporal pattern recognition and detection, inspired by the STP mechanisms. In particular, we demonstrate that memristors can exhibit a resembling behavior to STP due to an inherent volatility and hysteresis. When stimulated by closely spaced pulse waves, the conductance of the device decreases similar to what a depressing synapse would do if presented with consecutive pre-synaptic spikes. This work paves the way for employing memristors in solving spatio-temporal sequence learning problems.
The first century of microwaves-1886 to 1986 (1988)

The author reviews the first century of experiments into microwaves, which he considers began with the experiments of Heinrich Hertz, between 1886 and 1889, using what are now called microwave circuits and techniques. Hertz's thorough investigations validated the Faraday-Maxwell theory of electromagnetism, opened up the electromagnetic spectrum between DC and light for scientific and practical uses, and opened up a new line of investigation in the ultraviolet. The author's work is in two parts. Two of the objectives of the first part are to identify, and establish a uniform nomenclature for, the apparatus used by Hertz in his experiments, and to serve as a guide to the understanding of the work of Hertz in electromagnetics, especially his experiments. After briefly reviewing Maxwell's contributions, Hertz's career is discussed with emphasis on the work in understanding and using Maxwell's work (the Berlin Prize Problem). The discovery by Hertz of a method to generate and detect electromagnetic waves is then detailed. The second part outlines his succeeding work to the early 1940s. Examples of some of the ensuring advances described are drawn from a search of historical records and from personal correspondence and interviews with some pioneers in microwave devices and applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Long-term Risk of Mortality and End-Stage Renal Disease Among the Elderly After Small Increases in Serum Creatinine Level During Hospitalization for Acute Myocardial Infarction (2008)

In a nationally representative sample of elderly patients discharged after hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction, small changes in serum creatinine level during hospitalization were associated with an independent higher risk of ESRD and death.
Interaction Proteomics Analysis of Polycomb Proteins Defines Distinct PRC1 Complexes in Mammalian Cells (2011)

Polycomb group (PcG) proteins maintain transcriptional repression of hundreds of genes involved in development, signaling or cancer using chromatin-based epigenetic mechanisms. Biochemical studies in Drosophila have revealed that PcG proteins associate in at least two classes of protein complexes known as Polycomb repressive complexes 1 and 2 (PRC1 and PRC2). Drosophila core PRC1 is composed of four subunits, Polycomb (Pc), Sex combs extra (Sce), Polyhomeotic (Ph), and Posterior sex combs (Psc). Each of these proteins has multiple orthologs in vertebrates classified respectively as the CBX, RING1/RNF2, PHC, and BMI1/PCGF families. Mammalian genomes encode five CBX family members (CBX2, CBX4, CBX6, CBX7, and CBX8) that are believed to have distinct biological functions. Here, we applied a tandem affinity purification (TAP) approach coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) methodologies in order to identify interacting partners of CBX family proteins under the same experimental conditions. Our analysis identified with high confidence about 20 proteins co-eluted with CBX2 and CBX7 tagged proteins, about 40 with CBX4, and around 60 with CBX6 and CBX8. We provide evidences that the CBX family proteins are mutually exclusive and define distinct PRC1-like protein complexes. CBX proteins also interact with different efficiencies with the other PRC1 components. Among the novel CBX interacting partners, protein kinase 2 associates with all CBX-PRC1 protein complexes, whereas 14-3-3 proteins specifically bind to CBX4. 14-3-3 protein binding to CBX4 appears to modulate the interaction between CBX4 and the BMI1/PCGF components of PRC1, but has no effect on CBX4-RING1/RNF2 interaction. Finally, we suggest that differences in CBX protein interactions would account, at least in part, for distinct subnuclear localization of the CBX family members.
Mapping of abscisic acid responsive genes and <i>vp1</i> to chromosomes in wheat and <i>Lophopyrum elongatum</i> (1994)

The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) affects developmental and physiological processes that can impact crop production. These processes include germination, environmental stress responses in vegetative tissue, embryo maturation, and dormancy. Identification and molecular tagging of ABA-responsive genes, as well as the vp1 gene, required for ABA sensitivity, may be valuable in developing breeding strategies designed for manipulating ABA-regulated traits. Using aneuploid genetic stocks and alien substitution lines the chromosomal location of vp1 and seven abscisic acid (ABA) responsive genes was determined in wheat and Lophopyrum elongatum (Host) Löve. Clones (gene homology, if known, in parentheses) isolated from wheat hybridized to wheat and L. elongatum homoeologous chromosome groups as follows: pMA80 (dhn), chromosome 4; pMA1949 (group 3 LEA (1I)), chromosome 3S; pMA1951, chromosome 5S; pMA1959 (Em), chromosome 1L; pMA2005 (group 3 LEA), chromosome 1S; and PKABA1, chromosome 2L. Clone pBS128, corresponding to an ABA-responsive gene from Bromus secalinus, hybridized to wheat chromosome 2S. The cDNA clone pcvp23 that is homologous to vp1, a gene required for ABA responsiveness and the prevention of precocious germination in maize embryos, did not hybridize well with wheat but hybridized to chromosomes 3L and 7β in L. elongatum. Three of the clones mapped previously in barley by other researchers, pMA1949, pMA1951, pMA1959, were found here to be on the corresponding homoeologous chromosomes in wheat.
Chemical changes in lipids produced by thermal processing (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTChemical changes in lipids produced by thermal processingWassef W. Nawar Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1984, 61, 4, 299Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1984Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 April 1984Published inissue 1 April 1984https://doi.org/10.1021/ed061p299RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views10941Altmetric-Citations86LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Automatic selection of arterial input function using cluster analysis (2006)

Quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) using dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI requires determination of the arterial input function (AIF) representing the delivery of intravascular tracer to tissue. This is typically accomplished manually by inspection of concentration time curves (CTCs) in regions containing the ICA, VA, and MCA. This is, however, a time consuming and operator dependent procedure. We suggest a completely automatic procedure for establishing the AIF based on a cluster analysis algorithm. In 20 normal subjects CBF maps calculated in 2 slices by the automatic procedure were compared to maps obtained with AIFs selected individually by 7 experienced operators. The average manual to automatic CBF ratio was 1.03+/-0.15 in the lower slice and 1.05+/-0.12 in the upper slice, demonstrating excellent agreement between the manual and automatic method. The algorithm provides means for objectively assessing AIF candidates in local AIF search algorithms designed to reduce bias due to delay and dispersion. Given the reproducibility and speed (10 s) of the automatic method, we speculate that it will greatly improve the accuracy of perfusion images and facilitate their use in clinical diagnosis and decision-making, particularly in acute stroke but also in cerebrovascular disease in general.
A novel spherical linear PM motor for direct driving infrared optical telescope (2003)

This paper deals with the development of the drive system for SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy). A special and unique direct drive motor design has been developed, which allows the telescope to be controlled in three dimensions simultaneously. The motor design and a first test arrangement are presented. Test results are discussed.
Dynamic crack propagation based on loss of hyperbolicity and a new discontinuous enrichment (2003)

Abstract A methodology is developed for switching from a continuum to a discrete discontinuity where the governing partial differential equation loses hyperbolicity. The approach is limited to rate‐independent materials, so that the transition occurs on a set of measure zero. The discrete discontinuity is treated by the extended finite element method (XFEM) whereby arbitrary discontinuities can be incorporated in the model without remeshing. Loss of hyperbolicity is tracked by a hyperbolicity indicator that enables both the crack speed and crack direction to be determined for a given material model. A new method was developed for the case when the discontinuity ends within an element; it facilitates the modelling of crack tips that occur within an element in a dynamic setting. The method is applied to several dynamic crack growth problems including the branching of cracks. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Ethanol Producer <i>Zymomonas mobilis</i> NCIMB 11163 (2009)

Zymomonas mobilis is an ethanol-producing alphaproteobacterium currently considered a major candidate organism for bioethanol production. Here we report the finished and annotated genome sequence of Z. mobilis subsp. mobilis strain NCIMB 11163, a British ale-infecting isolate. This is the first Z. mobilis strain whose genome, chromosomal and plasmid, is presented in its entirety.
5.5 A 2.1e<sup>−</sup> Temporal Noise and −105dB Parasitic Light Sensitivity Backside-Illuminated 2.3µm-Pixel Voltage-Domain Global Shutter CMOS Image Sensor Using High-Capacity DRAM Capacitor Technology (2020)

As the automotive and AI industries are expanding rapidly, global-shutter (GS) image sensors are playing a more significant role in the perception system. More specifically, GS image sensors are required in various fields involving IR, including the face-ID in mobile devices, the driver monitoring system in automotive applications, and factory automation. GS image sensors are necessary for these applications because they can capture freeze-frame images without motion distortion due to their advantage in the pixel operation method. The simultaneous pixel exposure and in-pixel storing capability allow GS image sensors to achieve high-quality imaging, while the sequential pixel exposure and readout of rolling-shutter (RS) image sensors results in image distortion known as the jello effect. For mobile and automotive applications, a small form factor while maintaining a low parasitic light sensitivity (PLS) and low noise is crucial. In conventional backside illuminated (BSI) charge-domain GS image sensors, a light-shielding structure over the storage area must be formed in order to suppress the influence of parasitic light during the readout operation. Therefore, the introduction of such a light-shielding structure reduces the effective photodiode area, which results in a loss of full-well capacity (FWC), light sensitivity of the sensor, and pixel scalability.
Formation of Trichlorosilyl‐Substituted Carbon‐Centered Stable Radicals through the Use of π‐Accepting Carbenes (2013)

Radikale Veränderung: Cyclische Alkyl(amino)carbene bilden zwitterionische Addukte mit SiCl4, die zu Kohlenstoff-zentrierten Radikalen umgesetzt wurden, indem die koordinative Donor-Akzeptor-C→Si-Bindung durch eine KC8-vermittelte Reduktion zu einer kovalenten C-Si-Bindung wird. Da das Kohlenstoff-Radikalzentrum an einen SiCl3-Substituenten gebunden ist, wird somit die Synthese von Radikalen ermöglicht, deren Radikalzentrum sich direkt neben einem Akzeptor befindet.