gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shadow image based high-throughput continuous cell monitoring for point-of-care and telemedicine applications (2012)

Shadow image based high-throughput continuous cell monitoring technique is proposed. Shadow image variations of human alveolar epithelial cells (A549) cultured in a custom built incubator are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. Two measures which correspond to the morphology change of the cells are suggested and defined. Within this platform, it is demonstrated that a single image of a 5M pixel CMOS image sensor can monitor thousands of biological cells simultaneously and continuously. This compact, low-cost, and high-throughput cell monitoring technique holds great promise in the fields of point-of-care testing and telemedicine especially for the resource limited settings.
A fast method for combining palettes of color quantized images (1993)

The authors consider the use of a vector quantization algorithm-the pairwise nearest neighbor algorithm-as a means of quickly combining the palettes of multiple images into a single shared palette that can be used for simultaneous display. This approach yields an efficient and practical method of managing palettes that adds little distortion to the images being displayed. The implementation and results of this work are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Absorbable-Susceptor Welding of Ceramics (1983)

Susceptor becomes part of joint. Susceptor is heated to high temperature by RF energy, then melts adjacent ceramic material. Susceptor dissolves in molten ceramic. When cooled, ceramic parts form moloithic assembly. Suitable for joining complex subassemblies in heat exchangers or other ceramic process equipment for high temperatures.
Electrochemical cells. [improved cathode current collector] (1978)

In a sodium--sulfur cell having a solid electrolyte separating sodium from a cathodic region containing sulfur/polysulfides in a graphite felt, a cathode current collector is formed of an aluminum substrate on which is an interstrate layer of nickel--chromium alloy covered by a coating of titanium oxide or other electronically conductive oxide intrinsically inert to the cathodic reactant. 4 figures.
Nanostructured metal foams: synthesis and applications (2009)

Abstract Not Provided
Synthesis and anti-cancer screening of novel heterocyclic-(2H)-1,2,3-triazoles as potential anti-cancer agents (2015)

<i>trans</i>-Cyanocombretastatin A-4 (<i>trans</i>-CA-4) analogues have been structurally modified to afford their more stable CA-4-(2<i>H</i>)-1,2,3-triazole analogues. Fifteen novel, stable 4-heteroaryl-5-aryl-(2<i>H</i>)-1,2,3-triazole CA-4 analogues (<b>8a-i</b>, <b>9</b> and <b>11a-e</b>) were evaluated for anti-cancer activity against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines. These analogues displayed potent cytotoxic activity against both hematological and solid tumor cell lines with GI<sub>50</sub> values in the low nanomolar range. The most potent compound, <b>8a</b>, was a benzothiophen-2-yl analogue that incorporated a 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl moiety connected to the (2<i>H</i>)-1,2,3-triazole ring system. Compound <b>8a</b> exhibited GI<sub>50</sub> values of <10 nM against 80% of the cancer cell lines in the panel. Three triazole analogues, <b>8a</b>, <b>8b</b> and <b>8g</b>, showed particularly potent growth inhibition against the triple negative Hs578T breast cancer cell line with GI<sub>50</sub> values of 10.3 nM, 66.5 nM and 20.3 nM, respectively. Molecular docking studies suggest that these compounds bind to the same hydrophobic pocket at the interface of α- and β-tubulin that is occupied by colchicine and <i>cis</i>-CA-4, and are stabilized by Van der Waals' interactions with surrounding amino acid residues. Compound <b>8a</b> was found to inhibit tubulin polymerization <i>in vitro</i> with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 1.7 µM. The potent cytotoxicity of these novel compounds and their inhibition of tubulin dynamics make these triazole analogues promising candidates for development as anti-cancer drugs.
Detection of faults in laser beam welds by near-infrared camera observation (2012)

We monitor thin disk laser beam welding processes coaxially through the welding optics with a camera that is sensitive in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum (1200…1700 nm). With this sensor we detect the thermal radiation from the process zone and we can analyze it in real-time during the welding process. From the observed features we monitor the laser weld in respect to various welding faults. In particular, we analyze the thermal trace of the weld seam and its vicinity. For lap joints the analysis of the thermal trace enables us to detect missing fusion immediately and in real-time. This in-situ online heat flow thermography is a unique method to detect “false friends” during the welding process itself.
Phase vocoder (1966)

A vocoder technique is described in which speech signals are represented by their short-time phase and amplitude spectra. A complete transmission system utilizing this approach is simulated on a digital computer. The encoding method leads to an economy in transmission bandwidth and to a means for time compression and expansion of speech signals.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a rat sensory nerve Ca<sup>2+</sup>-sensing receptor (2003)

A full-length cDNA encoding a Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR) expressed in rat dorsal root ganglia (DRG) was identified using rapid amplification of 5'-cDNA ends and primer extension and then cloned into the plasmid vector pCR3.1. The DNA sequence of the DRG CaSR was 99.9% homologous with published rat kidney CaSR in the coding region and 247 bp upstream of the start site but showed little homology 5' to this site, which maps to exonic junction I/II, supporting the hypothesis that CaSR message arises as a splice variant and showing tissue-to-tissue heterogeneity. Western blot revealed a doublet of 140 and 160 kDa in a thyroparathyroid preparation and a single 140-kDa band in DRG. Deglycosylation using N-glycanase increased the mobility of CaSR protein from both DRG and thyroparathyroid, whereas endo-H was without effect, indicating that the DGR CaSR is a mature form of the receptor. A DRG CaSR-pEGFP fusion product was constructed, and when transfected into HEK-293 cells, it was distributed at the cell membrane and resulted in extracellular Ca2+ (0.5-3 mM)-evoked increases in intracellular Ca2+, which in some instances exhibited oscillatory behavior. We conclude that DRG CaSR cDNA arises from tissue-specific alternative splicing of a single gene, that the amino acid sequence of DRG CaSR is homologous to other known CaSRs, and that the DRG CaSR undergoes differential posttranslational processing relative to the thyroparathyroid CaSR and is functionally active when transfected into a human-derived cell line.
A Sensorless Rotor Temperature Estimator for Induction Machines Based on Current Harmonic Spectral Estimation Scheme (2006)

This paper proposes a sensorless rotor temperature estimator for small to medium size mains-fed induction machines. With measurements obtained from only current and voltage sensors, the proposed estimator can capture the rotor temperature in an online fashion. First the rotor speed is extracted from the current harmonic spectrum based on the estimated rotor slot and eccentricity harmonic frequencies. Then the inductances are estimated from the induction machine equivalent circuit. The stator winding resistance at ambient temperature is the only motor parameter needed at this stage. Once the inductances are obtained, they are fed into the rotor resistance estimation algorithm to yield an estimate of the rotor resistance. Finally the rotor temperature is calculated from the linear relationship between temperature and rotor resistance. Experimental results from different motors are shown to validate the proposed scheme. The whole scheme is accurate and reliable and is therefore suitable to be implemented in a rotor thermal protection relay or a motor drive employing vector control scheme to compensate for the detuning effects
Design of Benzimidazolyl Phosphines Bearing Alterable<i>P</i>,<i>O</i>or<i>P</i>,<i>N</i>-Coordination: Synthesis, Characterization, and Insights into Their Reactivity (2021)

A new series of hemilabile benzimidazolyl phosphines is reported. Entities in this ligand family can be easily assembled and prepared on a large scale via a simple one-pot procedure. X-ray crystallographic analyses show that the Pd metal center can coordinate in different fashions, where it relies on the size of the −PR2 group. With the same ligand scaffold, the ligand having a −PCy2 moiety displays better efficiency in expediting aromatic C–C bond-coupling reactions, while the ligand associated with a −P-t-Bu2 group, in contrast, promotes C–N bond-forming reactions.
Terahertz quantum cascade lasers (2005)

Based on a robust THz gain medium and low-loss waveguide structures, we have developed THz quantum-cascade lasers that operate up to 137 K in pulsed mode, 97 K in CW mode, and 141-/spl mu/m wavelength.
Unified Remix (2017)

We present Unified Remix, our solution for adaptive bit-rate streaming of video presentations with inserted or edited content. The solution addresses three important challenges encountered when streaming personalized media presentations. First, it reduces vulnerability to ad blocking technologies and client-side playback deviations encountered when using manifest manipulation based methods. Second, it reduces storage and computational costs associated with alternative server side solutions such as brute force re-encoding or duplicate storage towards levels comparable to linear video streaming (VoD or Live). Third, it handles the multi-source, multi-DRM and multi-protocol aspects for modern video streaming natively in the workflow. The solution is based on a combination of existing proven streaming technologies such as Unified Origin and newly designed components such as the Remix MPEG-4 module. The framework uses standardized technologies such as MPEG-4 ISOBMFF, SMIL and MPEG-DASH. The components work together in a micro service architecture enabling flexible deployment using a (container) orchestration framework on premises or in the cloud. The solution is demonstrated in two use cases: content pre-/post/mid roll and Live Archive to VoD conversion. As many use cases can be implemented based upon Unified Remix, we envision it as a key component of professional video streaming platforms.
Using Criticality Analysis to Identify Impact of Valve Location (2008)

Identifying and quantifying the critical elements in a water distribution system has traditionally involved a great deal of judgment. With the coming of computerized hydraulic analysis, it became easier to "fail" a pipe in a distribution system to assess its impact on service. However, when a failure occurs in a real system, it does not remove a single pipe from a distribution system but rather a "segment" which can be isolated using valving. A segment will often include several nodes, portions of pipes, and other elements. In this paper, the critical segments in a real system are identified based on existing valving. Then different rules for valve installation (e.g. N valves per junction, N-1 valves per junction) are used to add or remove isolating valves from the system and determine the performance of the system as a function of the density of valving. This paper was presented at the 8th Annual Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symposium which was held with the generous support of Awwa Research Foundation (AwwaRF).
Photopolymerizable Hydrogels Made from Polymer‐Conjugated Albumin for Affinity‐Based Drug Delivery (2010)

Abstract As a drug delivery vehicle, biodegradable albumin hydrogels can combine the high binding capacity of albumin with the structural stability of a polymeric hydrogel network to enable controlled release of small molecules based on both binding affinity and physical interactions. In the present study, we report on the development of a hybrid hydrogel composed of albumin conjugated to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) for drug delivery applications where controlled release is accomplished using the natural affinity of the drugs to the serum albumin. Bovine serum albumin was conjugated to PEG‐diacrylate having a molecular weight of 1.5, 4, or 10 kDa to form a PEGylated albumin macromolecule (mono‐PEGylated or multi‐PEGylated). Biodegradable hydrogels were formed from the PEGylated albumin using photopolymerization. Two model drugs, Warfarin and Naproxen, were used for equilibrium dialysis and release experiments from the hydrogels, both having relatively low molecular weights and a known high affinity for albumin. Equilibrium dialysis experiments showed that multi‐PEGylation of albumin significantly decreased the drug affinity to the protein compared to non‐PEGylated controls, irrespective of the PEG molecular weight. However, the results from drug release experiments showed that mono‐PEGylation of albumin did not change its natural affinity to the drug. Comparing the release profiles with a Fickian diffusion model provided strong evidence that hydrogels containing mono‐PEGylated albumin exhibited sub‐diffusive drug release properties based on the affinity of the drug to the tethered protein.
A new cycle slip compensation technique for ultra high speed coherent optical communications (2012)

We propose a novel cycle slip mitigation algorithm suitable for next generation OTNs. Simulation results of a 100 Gb/s DP-QPSK optical system show almost no degradation at a post-FEC BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> .
High mitochondrial mass identifies a sub-population of stem-like cancer cells that are chemo-resistant (2015)

Chemo-resistance is a clinical barrier to more effective anti-cancer therapy. In this context, cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) are thought to be chemo-resistant, resulting in tumor recurrence and distant metastasis. Our hypothesis is that chemo-resistance in CSCs is driven, in part, by enhanced mitochondrial function. Here, we used breast cell lines and metastatic breast cancer patient samples to begin to dissect the role of mitochondrial metabolism in conferring the CSC phenotype. More specifically, we employed fluorescent staining with MitoTracker (MT) to metabolically fractionate these cell lines into mito-high and mito-low sub-populations, by flow-cytometry. Interestingly, cells with high mitochondrial mass (mito-high) were specifically enriched in a number of known CSC markers, such as aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, and they were ESA+/CD24-/low and formed mammospheres with higher efficiency. Large cell size is another independent characteristic of the stem cell phenotype; here, we observed a >2-fold increase in mitochondrial mass in large cells (>12-μm), relative to the smaller cell population (4-8-μm). Moreover, the mito-high cell population showed a 2.4-fold enrichment in tumor-initiating cell activity, based on limiting dilution assays in murine xenografts. Importantly, primary human breast CSCs isolated from patients with metastatic breast cancer or a patient derived xenograft (PDX) also showed the co-enrichment of ALDH activity and mitochondrial mass. Most significantly, our investigations demonstrated that mito-high cells were resistant to paclitaxel, resulting in little or no DNA damage, as measured using the comet assay. In summary, increased mitochondrial mass in a sub-population of breast cancer cells confers a stem-like phenotype and chemo-resistance. As such, our current findings have important clinical implications for over-coming drug resistance, by therapeutically targeting the mito-high CSC population.
Strikingly higher frequency in centenarians and twins of mtDNA mutation causing remodeling of replication origin in leukocytes (2003)

The presence of a genetic component in longevity is well known. Here, the association of a mtDNA mutation with a prolonged life span in humans was investigated. Large-scale screening of the mtDNA main control region in leukocytes from subjects of an Italian population revealed a homoplasmic C150T transition near an origin of heavy mtDNA-strand synthesis in approximately 17% of 52 subjects 99-106 years old, but, in contrast, in only 3.4% of 117 younger individuals (P = 0.0035). Evidence was obtained for the contribution of somatic events, under probable nuclear genetic control, to the striking selective accumulation of the mutation in centenarians. In another study, among leukocyte mtDNA samples from 20 monozygotic and 18 dizygotic twins, 60-75 years old, 30% (P = 0.0007) and 22% (P = 0.011), respectively, of the individuals involved exhibited the homoplasmic C150T mutation. In a different system, i.e., in five human fibroblast longitudinal studies, convincing evidence for the aging-related somatic expansion of the C150T mutation, up to homoplasmy, was obtained. Most significantly, 5' end analysis of nascent heavy mtDNA strands consistently revealed a new replication origin at position 149, substituting for that at 151, only in C150T mutation-carrying samples of fibroblasts or immortalized lymphocytes. Considering the aging-related health risks that the centenarians have survived and the developmental risks of twin gestations, it is proposed that selection for a remodeled replication origin, inherited or somatically acquired, provides a survival advantage and underlies the observed high incidence of the C150T mutation in centenarians and twins.
Scheduling Synchronous Elastic Designs (2009)

Asynchronous and latency-insensitive circuits offer a similar form of elasticity that tolerates variations in the delays of communication resources of a system. This flexibility comes at the expense of including a control layer that synchronizes the flow of information. This paper proposes a method for eliminating the complexity of the control layer, replacing it by a set of iterative schedulers that decide when to activate computations. Unlike previous approaches, this can be achieved with low complexity algorithms and without extra circuitry.
New devices for 3D pose estimation: mantis eyes, Agann paintings, sundials, and other space fiducials (2002)

Several unconventional ideas for viewer/camera pose estimation are discussed. The methods proposed so far advocate the use of advanced image processing for identification and precise location of calibration objects in the images acquired and base pose recovery on the identification of the viewing dependent deformations of these objects. We propose to more fully exploit the freedom in the design of "space fiducials" or calibration objects showing that we can build objects whose images directly encode, in easily identifiable gray-level/color or temporal patterns, the pose of their viewer. We also show how to construct high-precision fiducials, which can determine a viewing direction quite accurately when it is known to lie within a relatively narrow range.
New Fluorescent Lamp for Plant Growth Applications (1973)

(1973). New Fluorescent Lamp for Plant Growth Applications. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 139-142.
Modular-based inductive power transfer system for high-power applications (2012)

Although the demand for high-power inductive power transfer (IPT) systems is on the rise, implementation of such IPT systems using low-cost semiconductor devices has been a challenge. This study presents a new IPT topology that facilitates easy integration of multiple IPT modules, which are made of low cost and freely available semiconductor components, to cater for high-power applications. An intermediate circuit, comprising an inductor–capacitor–inductor resonant network, serves as a contactless interface through which the modules of primary and secondary (pick-up) systems can be either series or parallel integrated. Inductor coils of the intermediate circuit and both primary and pick-up systems are magnetically coupled to allow for contactless power transfer. The proposed topology is parallel compensated to minimise its var requirement, and both the direction and amount of power flow are controlled by phase and/or magnitude modulation of voltages generated by primary and pick-up side converters. Theoretical analysis, together with simulations and experimental evidence of integrating four prototype bi-directional IPT systems to cater for 1.8 kW demand, is presented to show that the proposed new IPT topology is suitable for high-power applications, and flexible for both bi-directional and uni-directional contactless power transfer.
Teratogen-Mediated Inhibition of Target Tissue Response to <i>Shh</i> Signaling (1998)

Veratrum alkaloids and distal inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis have been studied for more than 30 years as potent teratogens capable of inducing cyclopia and other birth defects. Here, it is shown that these compounds specifically block the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway. These teratogens did not prevent the sterol modification of Shh during autoprocessing but rather inhibited the response of target tissues to Shh, possibly acting through the sterol sensing domain within the Patched protein regulator of Shh response.
Immunochemistry of the dominating antigenic region Ala582 to Cys604 in the transmembranous protein of simian and human immunodeficiency virus. (1989)

The immunochemistry of two homologous uniquely antigenic peptides representing Ala582 to Cys604 in the transmembrane proteins of simian immunodeficiency virus of rhesus macaque origin, SIVmac (closely related to HIV-2) and HIV-1 (strain HTLV-IIIB) was characterized at the resolution of single amino acids. Five different antigenic sites were identified in the SIVmac peptide by use of 34 mAb against this peptide and two different sites were similarly demonstrated in the HIV-1 peptide by use of 10 peptide-specific mAb. Within some sites the mAb could be subgrouped to show a progressively more narrow epitopic dependence on amino acids in the central part of the site. Three SIVmac peptide mAbs had a remarkably narrow amino acid dependence, Glu584 and Tyr586. Anti-peptide mAbs reacting with the site Trp596 to Gln602 effectively blocked the capacity of the peptide to react with human postinfection HIV-2 antibodies previously demonstrated to have a restricted reactivity involving this site. No similar blocking was seen when mAb specific for Leu587 to Gln590 were used except with a single broadly reacting HIV-2 serum, which depended on an amino acid at a distance of only 6 residues, Trp596. A cross-reacting site involving amino acids Ala582 to Glu588/Lys588 was identified with mAb and rabbit hyperimmune sera against the two peptides. This site was not accessible in the intact transmembrane proteins as determined by ELISA and Western blot tests. Antipeptide mAb against other sites as well as rabbit sera reacted strongly in these tests and can be used as type-specific, component-unique reagents.
Designing Peptide Sequences in Flexible Chain Conformations to Bind RNA: A Search Algorithm Combining Monte Carlo, Self-Consistent Mean Field and Concerted Rotation Techniques (2015)

A search algorithm combining Monte Carlo, self-consistent mean field, and concerted rotation techniques was developed to discover peptide sequences that are reasonable HIV drug candidates due to their exceptional binding to human tRNAUUU(Lys3), the primer of HIV replication. The search algorithm allows for iteration between sequence mutations and conformation changes during sequence evolution. Searches conducted for different classes of peptides identified several potential peptide candidates. Analysis of the energy revealed that the asparagine and cysteine at residues 11 and 12 play important roles in "recognizing" tRNA(Lys3) via van der Waals interactions, contributing to binding specificity. Arginines preferentially attract the phosphate linkage via charge-charge interaction, contributing to binding affinity. Evaluation of the RNA/peptide complex's structure revealed that adding conformation changes to the search algorithm yields peptides with better binding affinity and specificity to tRNA(Lys3) than a previous mutation-only algorithm.