gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Localization Based on Visual Lane Marking Maps: An Accurate Low-Cost Approach for Autonomous Driving (2017)

Autonomous driving in public roads requires precise localization within the range of few centimeters. Even the best localization systems based on GNSS cannot always reach this level of precision, especially in an urban environment, where the signal is disturbed by surrounding buildings and artifacts. Recent works have shown the advantage of using maps as a precise, robust, and reliable way of localization. Typical approaches use the set of current readings from the vehicle sensors to estimate its position on the map. The approach presented in this paper exploits a short-range visual lane marking detector and a dead reckoning system to construct a registry of the detected back lane markings corresponding to the last 240 m driven. This information is used to search in the map the most similar section, to determine the vehicle localization in the map reference. Additional filtering is used to obtain a more robust estimation for the localization. The accuracy obtained is sufficiently high to allow autonomous driving in a narrow road. The system uses a low-cost architecture of sensors and the algorithm is light enough to run on low-power embedded architecture.
Urea and urine concentrating ability: new insights from studies in mice (2005)

Urea is the most abundant solute in the urine in humans (on a Western-type diet) and laboratory rodents. It is far more concentrated in the urine than in plasma and extracellular fluids. This concentration depends on the accumulation of urea in the renal medulla, permitted by an intrarenal recycling of urea among collecting ducts, vasa recta and thin descending limbs, all equipped with specialized, facilitated urea transporters (UTs) (UT-A1 and 3, UT-B, and UT-A2, respectively). UT-B null mice have been recently generated by targeted gene deletion. This review describes 1) the renal handling of urea by the mammalian kidney; 2) the consequences of UT-B deletion on urinary concentrating ability; and 3) species differences among mice, rats, and humans related to their very different body size and metabolic rate, leading to considerably larger needs to excrete and to concentrate urea in smaller species (urea excretion per unit body weight in mice is 5 times that in rats and 23 times that in humans). UT-B null mice have a normal glomerular filtration rate but moderately reduced urea clearance. They exhibit a 30% reduction in urine concentrating ability with a more severe defect in the capacity to concentrate urea (50%) than other solutes, despite a twofold enhanced expression of UT-A2. The urea content of the medulla is reduced by half, whereas that of chloride is almost normal. When given an acute urea load, UT-B null mice are unable to raise their urinary osmolality, urine urea concentration (Uurea), and the concentration of non-urea solutes, as do wild-type mice. When fed diets with progressively increasing protein content (10, 20, and 40%), they cannot prevent a much larger increase in plasma urea than wild-type mice because they cannot raise Uurea. In both wild-type and UT-B null mice, urea clearance was higher than creatinine clearance, suggesting the possibility that urea could be secreted in the mouse kidney, thus allowing more efficient excretion of the disproportionately high urea load. On the whole, studies in UT-B null mice suggest that recycling of urea by countercurrent exchange in medullary vessels plays a more crucial role in the overall capacity to concentrate urine than its recycling in the loops of Henle.
Electrical Resistance and Stress of Bilayer Co(P)/Cu and Ni(P)/Cu Thin Films (1993)

The electrical resistance of the metallic bilayer was measured in situ using a resistance furnace. In the isothermal resistance measurements the sheet resistance was measured as a function of time, up to 20 h, at the constant temperature of 400°C. Results show that the sheet resistance of Co(P)/Cu system stays constant for 19 h, while that for the Ni(P)/Cu system continuously changes with time. In the dynamic resistance measurements the sheet resistance was measured as a function of temperature, from 25 to 500°C at the heating rate of 10°C/min. Results show that the dependence of the sheet resistance on temperature for the bilayer Ni(P)/Cu and Co(P)/Cu thin films is at first linear and then deviates from linearity as the temperature increases from room temperature to 500°C. This dependence exhibited irreversibility. The stress of the bimetallic bilayers was measured in situ as a function of temperature in the range from 50 to 500°C using a modified Flexus Z2400S apparatus. Results show that the initial stress at room temperature is compressive. During the first heating cycle the stress state remains compressive and the stress level at the maximum temperature of 450°C is slightly higher than the stress in the as‐deposited film. During the cooling cycle the compressive stress changes into the tensile and continues to accumulate with the decreasing temperature, reaching a maximum value at room temperature.
Effect of yogurt feeding on the small and large intestine associated lymphoid cells in mice (1994)

The effect of giving yogurt supplements to BALB/c mice on the various gut-associated lymphoid cells was studied. Animals were fed for 2, 5, 7 and 10 consecutive days. The different lymphoid cell types were identified and counted by haematoxylin-eosin staining of histological slices. The numbers of cells secreting IgA, IgG and IgM and the numbers of T lymphocytes were determined by direct immunofluorescence. The degree of activation of the intestinal macrophages in the small intestine was assessed by measuring the beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) released into the intestinal fluid, and also by a histochemical method. Throughout the feeding period, there were no histological alterations in the gut, but there was marked cell infiltration, mainly of plasma cells and lymphocytes. The number of macrophages on the small intestine increased significantly after feeding for 2 d, while the beta-glucuronidase activity was only slightly higher that of the controls. After a 7 d feeding period, the number of IgA secreting cells increased, while the values for cells secreting IgM and IgG and for T lymphocytes remained similar to those of the controls. The effect of giving yogurt on lymphoid cells associated with the large intestine was mainly on the numbers of IgA secreting B cells and T lymphocytes, with a marked increase during the whole feeding period in the latter type of cell. Since giving yogurt mainly enhanced the IgA secreting B cells in both small and large intestines, this increase would strengthen the host's defence mechanisms in the intestinal mucosa. Although the number of macrophages was increased, there was no enhancement in their activity, which might have harmed the host by producing an inflammatory response.
Safety and efficacy of quavonlimab, a novel anti-CTLA-4 antibody (MK-1308), in combination with pembrolizumab in first-line advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (2020)

Quavonlimab 25 mg Q6W plus pembrolizumab demonstrated similar efficacy and a better safety profile among all quavonlimab doses/schedules evaluated; this regimen was the chosen RP2D.
수술실 간호사의 팀워크 강화 실행연구 (2015)

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve the teamwork of nurses in an operating room using action
research and to identify the effect of...
Protein Interaction Z Score Assessment (PIZSA): an empirical scoring scheme for evaluation of protein–protein interactions (2019)

Our web server, PIZSA (http://cospi.iiserpune.ac.in/pizsa), assesses the likelihood of protein-protein interactions by assigning a Z Score computed from interface residue contacts. Our score takes into account the optimal number of atoms that mediate the interaction between pairs of residues and whether these contacts emanate from the main chain or side chain. We tested the score on 174 native interactions for which 100 decoys each were constructed using ZDOCK. The native structure scored better than any of the decoys in 146 cases and was able to rank within the 95th percentile in 162 cases. This easily outperforms a competing method, CIPS. We also benchmarked our scoring scheme on 15 targets from the CAPRI dataset and found that our method had results comparable to that of CIPS. Further, our method is able to analyse higher order protein complexes without the need to explicitly identify chains as receptors or ligands. The PIZSA server is easy to use and could be used to score any input three-dimensional structure and provide a residue pair-wise break up of the results. Attractively, our server offers a platform for users to upload their own potentials and could serve as an ideal testing ground for this class of scoring schemes.
Epidemiologic Overview of Individuals with Upper-Limb Loss and Their Reported Research Priorities (1996)

More than 6,600 one-page surveys were sent to individuals throughout the country with upper-limb loss or absence. Of those surveys, 2,477 were returned, and demographic information was recorded. A more comprehensive seven-page survey was then sent to the respondents who agreed to participate. A total of 1,575 of these surveys were returned: 1,020 by body-powered users, 438 by electric users and 117 by bilateral users of prostheses. The results of the surveys indicate users of body-powered and electric prostheses identify surprisingly similar elements as necessary in the design of a better upper-limb prosthesis. These qualities include additional wrist movement, better control mechanisms that require less visual attention and the ability to make coordinated motions of two joints. Desired near-term improvements for body-powered prostheses include better cables and harness comfort, whereas those for electric prostheses include better gloving material, better batteries and charging units, and improved reliability for the hand and its electrodes. This article discusses the specific functions that various levels of upper-extremity amputees gain from their prostheses as well as the device features that aid or detract from their functions.
Experimental investigation on static/dynamic characteristics of a fast-response pressure sensitive paint (2018)

An optical-based technique using Pressure-Sensitive Paint (PSP) is a promising method to measure the distribution of surface pressure on an aerodynamic model. The static and dynamic characteristics of a fast-response PSP that is developed in the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) are analyzed and tested to serve as the basis for experiments on unsteady surface measurement using a fast-response PSP. Two calibration systems used for this study are set up to investigate the temperature dependency, response time, and resolution. A data processing method, used for dynamic data, is analyzed and selected carefully to determine the optimum signal. Results show that the fast-response PSP can be used normally at temperatures from 25 °C to 80 °C. The effect of temperature on the accuracy of the measurement must be considered when temperatures are beyond the temperature range of 30–40 °C. The dynamic calibration device with a solenoid valve can achieve a pressure jump within a millisecond order. The resolution is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio of the photo-multiplier tube. Results of the measurement show that the response time of the PSP decreases with a large pressure variation, and the response time is below 0.016 s when the pressure variation is under 40 kPa.
Robots in the wild: observing human-robot social interaction outside the lab (2006)

This paper discusses the use of observational studies of human-robot social interaction in open human-inhabited environments as a method for improving on the design and evaluating the interactive capabilities of social robots. First, we discuss issues that have surfaced in attempts to evaluate social interactions between humans and robots. Next, we review two observational studies involving robots interacting socially with humans and discuss how the results can be applied to improving robot design. The first is an analysis of a mobile conference-attending robot that performed a search task by augmenting its perception through social interaction with human attendees. The second is an analysis of a stationary robotic receptionist that provides information to visitors and enhances interaction through story-telling. Through these examples, we show how observational studies can be applied to human-robot social interactions in varying contexts and with differing tasks to quantitatively and qualitatively evaluate (and discover unanticipated aspects of) the social interaction. Finally, we discuss design recommendations suggested by insights gained through these analyses
Reversible formation of aminals: a new strategy to control the release of bioactive volatiles from dynamic mixtures (2010)

Dynamic mixtures generated by reversible aminal formation of fragrance aldehydes with N,N-dibenzyl alkyldiamines in aqueous systems were found to be suitable delivery systems for the controlled release of bioactive volatiles.
The high count rate performance of a two-dimensionally position-sensitive detector for positron emission tomography (1989)

In positron tomographs using a small number of position-sensitive detectors, each detector must operate at high singles event rates, especially during dynamic studies. To enable the PENN-PET tomography to perform studies involving high data rates, the high count rate behaviour of the position-sensitive scintillation detector used in the tomograph was investigated at singles rates in excess of 2 million counts per second (MCPS). Detector dead-time, minimised through the use of pulse clipping (clipping time, 120 ns), is a maximum of 20% at the highest data rates. At 2 MCPS and 240 ns pulse integration time, the full width at half maximum of the point spread function (PSF) worsens by approximately 20% over its low count rate value of 5.2 mm. Furthermore, at high count rates, pulse pile-up produces long tails in the PSF along the detector's long axis. These tails were reduced or eliminated through the use of a shortened pulse integration time (160 ns instead of 240 ns), an upper level energy discriminator and a local centroid event positioning algorithm. Detector performance was characterised for different combinations of these event processing techniques, and the mechanisms by which pulse pile-up distorts the high count rate PSF were investigated using computer simulations. With the incorporation of the high count rate event processing techniques, the detector's count rate capability enables the PENN-PET tomograph to handle most current imaging protocols.
An Intrusion Detection System Based on Honeypot Technology (2012)

This paper presents an intrusion detection module based on honey pot technology, which utilizes IP Trace back technique. By using the mobile agents, this module has the capability of distributed detection and response, the whole detection module can be extended with convenience and be configured dynamically and flexibly. By using honey pot technology, this module traces the intrusion source farthest.
A reliable gait phase detection system (2001)

A new highly reliable gait phase detection system, which can be used in gait analysis applications and to control the gait cycle of a neuroprosthesis for walking, is described. The system was designed to detect in real-time the following gait phases: stance, heel-off, swing, and heel-strike. The gait phase detection system employed a gyroscope to measure the angular velocity of the foot and three force sensitive resistors to assess the forces exerted by the foot on the shoe sole during walking. A rule-based detection algorithm, which was running on a portable microprocessor board, processed the sensor signals. In the presented experimental study ten able body subjects and six subjects with impaired gait tested the device in both indoor and outdoor environments (0-25 degrees C). The subjects were asked to walk on flat and irregular surfaces, to step over small obstacles, to walk on inclined surfaces, and to ascend and descend stairs. Despite the significant variation in the individual walking styles the system achieved an overall detection reliability above 99% for both subject groups for the tasks involving walking on flat, irregular, and inclined surfaces. In the case of stair climbing and descending tasks the success rate of the system was above 99% for the able body subjects and above 96 % for the subjects with impaired gait. The experiments also showed that the gait phase detection system, unlike other similar devices, was insensitive to perturbations caused by nonwalking activities such as weight shifting between legs during standing, feet sliding, sitting down, and standing up.
Pathogenesis of Renal Failure in Rhabdomyolysis: The Role of Myoglobin (2000)

Rhabdomyolysis causes renal dysfunction associated with renal vasoconstriction, tubular toxicity and luminal obstruction. There is now accumulating evidence that renal injury, caused by lipid peroxidation, is important in the pathogenesis of renal failure. The proposed central role of free iron in this process is examined. Current data have shown that the heme center of myoglobin can initiate lipid peroxidation and renal injury without invoking release of free iron, and this process is due to redox cycling of the heme group from ferrous to ferric and to ferryl oxidation states. Alkaline conditions prevent myoglobin-induced lipid peroxidation by stabilizing the reactive ferryl myoglobin complex. This review explores the evidence for each of these mechanisms.
Target location from the estimated instantaneous received frequency (2011)

Presented is a method to blindly estimate the location of a transmitter from the signal observed by a single moving receiver. This process is based on the observation that the observed Doppler characteristics are essentially uniquely determined by the transmission frequency, the location of the transmitter, and the time-varying flight path of the receiver. We accurately estimate the instantaneous frequency of the received signal and blindly calculate the transmitted frequency from the received signal and the instantaneous position and velocity of the receiver. The transmitter location is then estimated by minimizing a cost function representing the difference between the Doppler characteristics calculated from the relative geometry of the transmitter and receiver and the Doppler characteristics estimated from the received signal. The method has the advantages that only one receiving antenna is required and the emitter may be located with no a priori knowledge of the emitter location or frequency. In addition, the process is essentially independent of the flight path of the receiver.
Monitorias de matemática, informática e leitura na E. E. profº Miguel Omar Barreto (2009)

Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Faculdade de Ciencias e Tecnologia (FCT), Departamento de Matematica e Computacao, Presidente Prudente, SP
A visual tool for information retrieval & management (1994)

This demonstration introduces the InfoCrystalm that can be used both as a visualization tool and a visual query language to help users search for information. The InfoCrystal visualizes all the possible binary as well as continuous relationships among N concepts. Users can assign relevance weights to the concepts and set a threshold to select relationships of interest. The InfoCrystal allows users to specify Boolean as well as vector-space queries graphically. Arbitrarily complex queries can be created by using the InfoCrystals as building blocks and organizing them in a hierarchical structure. The InfoCrystal enables users to explore and filter information in a flexible, dynamic and interactive way.
CMOS VLSI implementation of gigabyte/second computer network links (2002)

High speed computer network links require a variety of on-chip system components in order to achieve optimal performance. These components include systems that provide clock generation and synchronization as well as line driver and receiver circuits for signal conditioning. This paper presents designs for a link synchronizer, a low voltage differential signal (LVDS) I/O system, and a phase locked loop for providing a system clock. Portions of these systems have been implemented in 2 /spl mu/m and 1.2 /spl mu/m MOSIS chips.
Physical Infrastructure and International Competitiveness at the Firm Level: Implications for Developing Economies (1999)

Among other factors, international competitiveness at the firm level depends on the provisions of well-maintained and efficient physical infrastructure networks. Infrastructure networks, such as telecommunications, electricity, gas, irrigation, and transport services, play a strong complementary role in firms’ ability to create and maintain their competitiveness through creating more value than their competitors. In developing countries, the issues relating to inefficiencies in the provision of infrastructure services are closely linked with firms’ ability to acquire international competitiveness. In many instances, efficiency, as well as adequacy norms of infrastructure networks, can be achieved by changing the institutional setting and creating a competitive environment in the provision of infrastructure services.
논문 / B 첨가 고탄소강의 흑연화에 미치는 냉간압연의 영향 (1999)

The graphitization is affected by the addition of small amount of the elements(such as Si, Al, Ni, B, Cr and Mn etc.) and the pre-treatment(such as cold rolling). Boron is well known element to accelerate the graphitization of cementite in high carbon steels. Also, cold rolling is known to accelerate the graphitization. But the graphitization nucleation mechanism by cold rolling is few reported. Therefore the effect of cold rolling in Fe-0.5%C-1.0%Si-0.47%Mn-0.005%B steel on the graphitization is investigated quantitatively using hardness test, optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, neutron induced microscopic radiography. The nucleation of graphite in cold-rolled Fe-0.5%C-1.0%Si-0.47%Mn-0.005%B steel is formed at void which is formed at pearlite/pearlite boundary by cold rolling. But the effect of cold rolling on graphitization in boron addition steel is more effective than that of no boron addition steel due to segregation of BN at void in boron addition steel.
Chemoselective ligation of acetylated 1-maleimidosugars to peptides for the preparation of neoglycopeptides [2] (2000)

Department of Biology, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, KoreaReceived July 4, 2000The biological functions of oligosaccharides in glycopro-teins and glycolipids have been extensively investigated bychemists, biochemists and biologists. The cell-surface oli-gosaccharides are known to contribute to many importantbiological roles including cell-cell communication, cell adhe-sion, cell growth, bacterial and viral infection.
Delivery of DNA to Skin by Particle Bombardment (2004)

Particle bombardment or particle-mediated DNA-delivery technologies were developed as physical gene-transfer methods for various in vivo, ex vivo, or in vitro applications. The basic concept is to directly deliver naked DNA plasmids into target cells by using accelerated particles as physical carriers. This technology was first established in plant gene-transfer systems and described as “biolistic (biological ballistic)” in 1987 by Sanford and colleagues (1,2). Based on the same concept, helium-driven gene-gun systems have been developed, such as the Accell gene gun by Agracetus, Inc. (3-6) and the Helios gene-gun system commercially available at Bio-Rad Laboratories. In this chapter, the Bio-Rad gene-gun system is used as a model to describe the delivery of DNA to skin by particle bombardment and the parameters affecting such gene transfer.