gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antisense hairpin loop oligonucleotides as inhibitors of expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1: their stability in fetal calf serum and human plasma. (2001)

Multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) is a transmembrane pump protein responsible for the efflux of chemotherapeutic drugs, an important cause of anticancer treatment failure. Trying to circumvent MRP-mediated resistance we designed and synthesized hairpin loops forming antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs), both phosphodiesters (PO-ODNs) and their phosphorothioate analogues (PS-ODNs), to reduce the protein expression by targeting its mRNA in a sequence specific manner. Melting temperature measurements as well as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis supported the preferential formation of a secondary structure, which was expected to protect ODNs against 3'-exonuclease degradation. ODNs and PS-ODNs designed in this work were successfully tested as antisense inhibitors of the expression of MRP1 in the leukaemia HL60/ADR cell line. Foreseeing the necessity to perform clinical studies with such ODNs we investigated their stability against the 3'-exonuclease activity of fetal calf serum and human plasma. Under the conditions, corresponding to physiological ones, we observed high stability of hairpin loop forming ODNs, especially those containing longer (e.g. 7 base pair) stems. Comparative studies on the stability of chemically unmodified hairpin loop forming ODNs and their PS-counterparts indicated that endonuclease activity did not play any important role in the process of their nucleolytic degradation. Our studies provide strong evidence for high stability of chemically unmodified hairpin loop ODNs, making them an attractive alternative to phosphorothioate analogues commonly used in antisense strategy.
Group Counseling for Complicated Grief: A Literature Review (2009)

Grief is a universal experience; however, the response to grief is different for many people.Individuals who have a prolonged or delayed reaction to a loss may develop complicated grief.The need for therapeutic intervention is important for people suffering from this type of grief.Group counseling provides a viable option for treating the severe distress and impairment experienced by these people.This literature review explores three theoretical approaches to group counseling for complicated grief (psychodynamic, interpersonal, and cognitive-behavioral) in terms of effectiveness and multicultural concerns.The author discusses suggestions for additional research as well as implications for counseling.Grief is the term used to describe the distress or suffering related to loss, particularly death.Everyone experiences grief or bereavement at some point in their life; however, the duration and expression varies among different cultural groups (MacNair-Semands, 2004).The feelings associated with grief often include sadness, anger, helplessness, and despair (Toth, 1997), in addition to denial, disbelief, confusion, shock, guilt, humiliation, and yearning (Mental Health America, 2007).Such feelings may be intense and long lasting, but they are natural and normal reactions to loss.Experiencing grief is necessary to heal and grow emotionally.Although not everyone experiences loss the same way, it can be helpful to look at grief as a process.A common way of identifying grief is the five-stage model put forth by Kbler-Ross.According to Kbler-Ross (1969), individuals experiencing grief typically follow a pattern of emotions.When first learning of a loss, an individual may go through a period of denial.The person does not want to believe that the loss is real and may try to avoid it.Following the denial stage is the anger stage, during which the individual experiences an intense expression of emotion.Next, the individual begins to bargain in an attempt to prevent the loss.The person is searching for a way to circumvent the loss.After bargaining, the individual enters the depression phase.The person realizes the loss is inevitable and struggles to work through the emotions associated with it.The final stage in Kbler-Ross' model is acceptance.During this time, the individual acknowledges the loss and begins to move forward with her/his life.Building upon Kbler-Ross' work, Lamb (1988) proposed a different model to understand the grief process.In this framework, there are three stages of grieving.During the adjustment stage, a variety of feelings and
An improved open chamber system for measuring soil CO<sub>2</sub> effluxes in the field (1997)

An “open” chamber for the measurement of soil CO 2 efflux has been designed which utilizes an air seal to maintain chamber pressure within 0.004 Pa of atmospheric pressure, eliminating any mass flow and ensuring that atmospheric pressure fluctuations are transferred through to the soil surface. The system was used at the Boreal Ecosystem‐Atmosphere Study (BOREAS) southern study area old black spruce site through the 1994 and 1996 field campaigns and was found to be robust and simple to use. Consistency was found between soil CO 2 effluxes measured with this system and a closed dynamic chamber system.
Social Serendipity: Proximity Sensing and Cueing (2004)

We describe a system that detects wireless devices, queries a centralized server that links the devices with their owners&apos; online profiles, and instigates serendipitous interactions. The system is currently running on Symbian mobile phones that support Bluetooth and is comprised of two applications. The initial application, BlueAware, senses unique Bluetooth identifiers (BTIDs) and logs them to a text file. The Serendipity application queries a server with a discovered BTID, and the server associates the BTID with an individual&apos;s online profile. A similarity metric is generated between the two people and depending on both users&apos; settings, the server alerts them of their proximity and common interests. The system enables a suite of additional applications including the facilitation of networking in conference and business environments, the augmentation of current models of airborne pathogen dissemination, and the provision of a novel dating service.
Fault-tolerant grid services using primary-backup: feasibility and performance (2005)

The combination of grid technology and Web services has produced an attractive platform for deploying distributed applications: grid services, as represented by the Open Grid Services Infrastructure (OGSI) and its Globus toolkit implementation. As the use of grid services grows in popularity, tolerating failures becomes increasingly important. This work addresses the problem of building a reliable and highly-available grid service by replicating the service on two or more hosts using the primary-backup approach. The primary goal is to evaluate the ease and efficiency with which this can be done, by first designing a primary-backup protocol using OGSI, and then implementing it using Globus to evaluate performance implications and tradeoffs. We compared three implementations: one that makes heavy use of the notification interface defined in OGSI, one that uses standard grid service requests instead of notification, and one that uses low-level socket primitives. The overall conclusion is that, while the performance penalty of using Globus primitives - especially notification - for replica coordination can be significant, the OGSI model is suitable for building highly-available services and it makes the task of engineering such services easier.
Pilot study of intravenous melphalan combined with continuous infusion L-<i>S,R</i>-buthionine sulfoximine for children with recurrent neuroblastoma (2015)

BSO/L-PAM has activity against recurrent high-risk NB. Exclusion of cephalosporin antibiotics in future clinical trials of BSO may diminish the potential for serious renal and CNS toxicity.
Regulatory effects of lactoferrin and lipopolysaccharide on LFA-1 expression on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1999)

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of human lactoferrin (hLF) with regard to LFA-1 expression on unstimulated and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The investigations were carried out on 30 healthy volunteers, males and females, 24-58 years old. We found that hLF, at an optimal dose of 5 microg/ml/10(6) cells in 24-hour culture, exerted regulatory effects on LFA-1 expression, depending on distribution of this molecule on cells in control cultures and on the effects of LPS. First, we revealed several patterns of LFA-1 distribution and density of this marker among studied individuals. The effects of LPS and hLF on LFA-1 expression patterns were differential. LFA-1 expression was stimulated by individual actions of LPS or hLF, additive or synergistic effects of both factors, it could be also inhibited by hLF alone or in combination with LPS. In about one third of cases no significant effects of LPS or hLF on LFA-1 expression were seen. Removal of monocytes from the PBMC population diminished LFA-1 expression in control cultures and abolished LPS- or hLF-elicited changes. The regulatory effects of hLF were also blocked by treatment of PBMC cultures with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) antibodies. Taken together, the data showed that hLF and LPS had immunoregulatory properties with respect to LFA-1 expression on human PBMC and that these actions were mediated by monocytes and TNF-alpha.
Blood substitutes: from chemistry to clinic (2006)

Blood substitutes are oxygen-carrying fluids that aim to provide an alternative to the transfusion of blood. Strategies for developing such substitutes have involved the production of materials based on the naturally occurring respiratory pigment, haemoglobin (Hb), or synthetic, chemically inert, fluorinated liquids called perfluorochemicals (PFCs). Commercial products in both categories have been developed and some approved for clinical use, primarily to facilitate oxygen supply to tissues during surgery or therapy. The latest research is focused on using microbial and plant ‘cell factories’ to express recombinant Hb, understanding the properties of polymeric Hbs from invertebrate animals, and the use of feedback from stakeholders to inform the development of new educational materials to assist patients to make informed choices on future transfusion options.
Organ at Risk Segmentation in Head and Neck CT Images by Using a Two-Stage Segmentation Framework Based on 3D U-Net (2018)

Accurate segmentation of organ at risk (OAR) play a critical role in the treatment planning of image guided radiation treatment of head and neck cancer. This segmentation task is challenging for both human and automatic algorithms because of the relatively large number of OARs to be segmented, the large variability of the size and morphology across different OARs, and the low contrast of between some OARs and the background. In this paper, we proposed a two-stage segmentation framework based on 3D U-Net. In this framework, the segmentation of each OAR is decomposed into two sub-tasks: locating a bounding box of the OAR and segment it from a small volume within the bounding box, and each sub-tasks is fulfilled by a dedicated 3D U-Net. The decomposition makes each of the two sub-tasks much easier, so that they can be better completed. We evaluated the proposed method and compared it to state-of-the-art methods by using the MICCAI 2015 Challenge dataset. In terms of the boundary-based metric 95HD, the proposed method ranked first in eight of all nine OARs and ranked second in the other OAR. In terms of the area-based metric DSC, the proposed method ranked first in six of the nine OARs and ranked second in the other three OARs with small difference with the first one.
[Daily 4-h standing can prevent soleus atrophy induced by 4 weeks tail suspension in rats]. (2005)

Daily 4-h standing fully prevented the soleus atrophy induced by simulated microgravity for 4 wk in rats.
The way forward. (2013)

Are independent hospitals still viable? Yes, but partnerships can provide important support.
Effect of Wind on Foliage Obstructed Line-of-Sight Channel at 2.5 GHz (2004)

A fixed terrestrial broadband wireless system such as MMDS (Multipoint Microwave Distribution System) is a cost effective solution for cable coverage to the immediate surrounding rural area. This wireless system can be operated with the existing cable headend and the same subscriber-end cable modem. Such a system works well with clear line-of-sight transmit/receive antennas. However, in near-line-of-sight transmission where a few foliated trees block the line-of-sight, signal distortion can occur, especially under conditions of high wind. The motion of the trees causes large and rapid signal fading. Measurements were taken on fixed wireless paths blocked with a few trees in the vicinity of the receive antenna. Fading characteristics of a 6 MHz channel centered at 2.545 GHz are provided. The fades are largely flat across the band but with some frequency selective fading. Fading rates under windy conditions ranged from 0.5 to 2 fades/second. The slope of the fades occasionally reached 50 dB/second.
Creating 3-D Reservoir Models Using Areal Geostatistical Techniques Combined with Vertical Well Data (1995)

ABSTRACT Advances in geostatistics, seismic processing and interpretation are now providing capabilities for improved reservoir characterization by allowing integration of seismic and well data. In certain situations where correlations can be established between seismic and well attributes, the seismic data can be used to bias the interpolation of well attributes away from the wells using techniques such as co-kriging (or variants thereof). Traditionally, this approach has been applied in situations where areal seismic attributes over a reservoir interval are correlated with zone-averaged petrophysical attributes. These techniques result in improved zone-averaged petrophysical maps. However, for certain applications, particularly dynamic reservoir simulation of fluid flow, zone-averaged properties may be inappropriate. In such situations, it is necessary to somehow "unaverage" the zone-averaged maps to produce vertically heterogeneous maps. Since the scales of seismic resolution are still generally much coarser than those needed for simulation models, seismic data often does not provide much, if any, information which can be used to infer details about internal reservoir heterogeneities. This paper discusses a technique for creating 3-D reservoir models based on underlying seismic maps and some measures of vertical heterogeneities at the wells. What results are 3-D reservoir models which honor both the vertical variations at the well locations and the geostatistically created zone-average petrophysical maps. Some examples are presented which demonstrate the applicability and limitations of this technique. In addition to visual inspection of the models, reservoir injection and production is simulated and used to illustrate the importance of various modeling assumptions.
The Spindle Stage: Principles and Practice (1981)

Preface 1. Operational and plotting techniques 2. Examination of uniaxial crystals 3. Examination of biaxial crystals 4. Index variation methods and extrapolation 5. Index measurements: accuracy, precision, and techniques 6. Computer determination of 2V and of X, Y, and Z and their dispersion 7. Combined optical and X-ray studies of crystals 8. calculating principal birefringences (and 2V) from retardation measurements 9. Epilogue and applications Appendixes Answers to questions and problems Notes References Index.
A current mode algorithmic analog-to-digital converter (2003)

A novel algorithmic analog-to-digital converter (ADC), using current instead of voltage to represent the signal, is described. The use of current eliminates switch-induced errors due to charge injection and results in reasonably high sampling rates without the need for large chip areas. To test this new concept, a 6-bit converter using a 3- mu m CMOS process was fabricated. The resulting circuit occupies a sampling rate of 200 kHz while drawing only 5 mW from a single 5-V supply. The speed of the ADC was limited by the settling time of the relatively large current mirrors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Iron Homeostasis (2006)

Iron is needed by all mammalian cells but is toxic in excess. Specialized transport mechanisms conduct iron across cellular membranes. These are regulated to ensure homeostasis both systemically in living organisms and within individual cells. Over the past decade, major advances have been made in identifying and characterizing the proteins involved in the transport, handling, and homeostatic regulation of iron. Molecular understanding of these processes has provided important insights into the pathophysiology of human iron disorders.
What is optimal processing for nonstationary data? (2002)

For stationary data, an adaptive array processing algorithm can be optimized with ensemble averaging. Here we call such an algorithm "stationary-optimal". However, for nonstationary data, ensemble averages may not describe how real processors acquire the statistics, and the validity of ergodicity must be questioned in general. Acknowledging this, we ask, "what are the most relevant statistics"? and, "how can they be acquired"? Our example is a nonstationary scenario for a passive sonar array. We explore issues related to processing nonstationary data and compare the performance of previous algorithms (based on a data covariance matrix) to the multistage Wiener filter (based on direct subspace measurements of the interference).
Structure and Activity of an Active Site Substitution of Ricin A Chain<sup>,</sup> (1996)

The A chain of ricin (RTA) is an N-glycosidase which inactivates ribosomes by removing a single adenine base from a conserved region of rRNA. X-ray structures and site-directed mutagenesis revealed that Arg 180 interacts with the target adenine hydrogen bonding with N3. It may fully or partially protonate that atom as part of the hydrolysis mechanism. Arg 180 was previously converted to His (R180H) and shown to greatly reduce activity. Here R180H is shown to reduce overall activity 500-fold against Artemia salina ribosomes. A 2.2 A crystal structure reveals the mutation causes a rearrangement of the active site cleft, with Tyr 80 moving to block access to the adenine recognition site. His 180 forms a strong aromatic interaction with Trp 211, Tyr 80, and Tyr 123. A complex is formed with 250 mM AMP. The nucleotide binds in the active site region, but in an apparently nonproductive orientation. His 180 cannot bond to N3 and is screened from the substrate analog by the intervening Tyr 80. It may be that natural polynucleotide substrates, using additional interactions, can displace Tyr 80 and effect a productive binding.
Dehalogenation of Aryl Halides Catalyzed by MontK10 Immobilized PVP-Pd-Sn Catalyst in Aqueous System (2001)

A series of PVP-Pd-Sn/MontK10 catalysts were prepared by immobilization of PVP[poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)] supported bimetallic catalyst using MontK10 as carrier. This catalyst has good catalytic activity for hydrogen transfer dehalogenation of aryl halides. The catalytic reaction was carried out in aqueous system in the presence of phase transfer catalyst and sodium formate as hydrogen source. The catalyst with loading Pd 0.19wt% and molar ratio of Pd/Sn 8:1 gives the highest activity and good stability. This catalyst is more reducible with NaBH4. It is also found that the catalyst is easily separated from the reaction system.
The low-profile hemispherical helical antenna with circular polarization radiation over a wide angular range (2003)

The low-profile hemispherical helical antenna is studied experimentally and theoretically. This antenna can produce circular polarization radiation over a wide angular range of 90/spl deg/. The current distribution, the input impedance, the axial ratio, the power gain, and the radiation pattern are rigorously studied. The 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of a five-turn hemispherical helical antenna is found to be 14.6. In the range of 1.0/spl les/C//spl lambda//spl les/1.3, a relatively stable power gain of more than 9 dB is obtained. The radiation patterns typically consist of a large smooth main lobe with almost no sidelobes. These new antenna characteristics have a potential application in mobile satellite communications.
Enhancement of Lignin Degradation in <i>Streptomyces</i> spp. by Protoplast Fusion (1984)

Protoplast fusion was investigated as a technique for genetically manipulating two lignin-degrading Streptomyces strains, Streptomyces viridosporus T7A and Streptomyces setonii 75Vi2. Four of 19 recombinants tested showed enhanced production of acid-precipitable polymeric lignin (APPL), producing 155 to 264% more APPL from corn stover lignocellulose than was produced by the wild-type S. viridosporus T7A. APPLs are lignin degradation intermediates known to be potentially valuable chemical products produced by bioconversion of lignin with Streptomyces spp. The prospects of utilizing protoplast fusion to construct APPL-overproducing Streptomyces strains was considered especially promising.
Resonant characteristics of piezoelectric composites: analysis of spurious modes in single and multi-element ultrasonic transducers (2003)

This paper examines in detail the generation of high frequency inter-pillar (lateral) resonances in 1-3 piezoelectric composites, through experiment and finite element analysis (FEA) with the PZFlex package, both in monolithically electroded composites and in multi-element arrays based on a 1-3 piezoelectric composite substrate. While thickness modes are accurately described by standing wave formation within the transducer, other interpillar modes will be clearly shown to be generated due to Lamb waves propagating through the substrate, between pillars and between elements in the single and multi-element cases respectively.
A reinforcement learning approach to active camera foveation (2006)

In this paper we report on techniques for automatically learning foveal sensing strategies for an active pan-tilt-zoom camera. The approach uses reinforcement learning to discover foveal actions maximizing the performance of visual detectors, that are in turn assumed to be highly correlated with the task at hand. In our case,the main goal is to recognize people, hence a frontal face detection module is employed. The system uses reinforcement learning to learn if when and how to foveate on a subject, basedonits previous experience in terms or successful actions in similar situations. An action is successful if it leads to a correct face detection in the high resolution images obtained when the subject is zoomed in. In contrast with existing methods,the proposed approach obviates the need for camera calibration and camera performance modeling. Also, the method does not rely on active tracking of targets. Experimental results show how the system can be deployed in unconstrained surveillance environments, and is capable of learning foveation strategies without requiring extensive a priori information or environmental models. Results also illustrate how the system effectively learns a strategy that allows the camera to foveate only in situations where successful detection is highly likely.