gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectral estimation for characterization of acoustic aberration (2004)

Spectral estimation based on acoustic backscatter from a motionless stochastic medium is described for characterization of aberration in ultrasonic imaging. The underlying assumptions for the estimation are: The correlation length of the medium is short compared to the length of the transmitted acoustic pulse, an isoplanatic region of sufficient size exists around the focal point, and the backscatter can be modeled as an ergodic stochastic process. The motivation for this work is ultrasonic imaging with aberration correction. Measurements were performed using a two-dimensional array system with 80 x 80 transducer elements and an element pitch of 0.6 mm. The f number for the measurements was 1.2 and the center frequency was 3.0 MHz with a 53% bandwidth. Relative phase of aberration was extracted from estimated cross spectra using a robust least-mean-square-error method based on an orthogonal expansion of the phase differences of neighboring wave forms as a function of frequency. Estimates of cross-spectrum phase from measurements of random scattering through a tissue-mimicking aberrator have confidence bands approximately +/- 5 degrees wide. Both phase and magnitude are in good agreement with a reference characterization obtained from a point scatterer.
Novel Substituted 4‐Phenyl‐[1,3]dioxanes: Potent and Selective Orexin Receptor 2 (OX<sub>2</sub>R) Antagonists. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development of the 3rd generation ECR ion source (1997)

The LBNL 3rd Generation ECR ion source has progressed from a concept to the fabrication of a full scale prototype superconducting magnet structure. This new ECR ion source will combine the recent ECR ion source techniques that significantly enhance the production of high charge state ions. The design includes a plasma chamber made from aluminum to provide additional cold electrons, three separate microwave feeds to allow multiple-frequency plasma heating (at 10, 14 and 18 GHz or at 6, 10 and 14 GHz) and very high magnetic mirror fields. The design calls for mirror fields of 4 T at injection and 3 T at extraction and for a radial field strength at the wall of 2.4 T. The prototype superconducting magnet structure which consists of three solenoid coils and six race track coils with iron poles forming the sextupole has been tested in a vertical dewar. After training, the sextupole magnet reached 105% of its design current with the solenoids off. With the solenoids operating at approximately 70% of their full design field, the sextuple coils operated at 95% of the design value which corresponds to a sextupole field strength at the plasma wall of more than 2.1 T.
Straightforward Process for Removal of Milk Fat Globule Membranes and Production of Fat-free Whey Protein Concentrate from Cheese Whey (2011)

A straightforward method for the separation of milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and production of fat-free whey protein concentrate/isolate from cheese whey has been developed. Lowering of the conductivity of the whey from its initial value of about 5600 μS cm(-1) to about 2000-500 μS cm(-1) via diafiltration with water caused selective precipitation of MFGM when incubated for 30 min at pH 4.2 and 35 °C. The whey proteins remained soluble in the supernatant under these conditions. Experimental evidence suggested that precipitation of MFGM at pH 4.2 was not due to a nonspecific effect of lowering of the conductivity of the whey but due to the specific effect of removal of Ca2+ from the whey. The lipid content of whey protein isolate obtained by this process was <0.2%, and the protein loss was <14%. The method provides an industrially feasible process for the production of fat-free whey protein concentrate/isolate. The MFGM, which is reported to contain bioactive/nutraceutical lipids and proteins, is a valuable byproduct of the process.
Automated volumetric evaluation of stereoscopic disc photography (2010)

AP provides a useful technique for an objective quantitative assessment of 3D ONH structures.
<scp>CRISPR</scp> /Cas‐mediated genome editing to treat <scp>EGFR</scp> ‐mutant lung cancer: a personalized molecular surgical therapy (2016)

While substantial progress has been made in the treatment of lung cancer with the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors ( TKI s) that target tumor‐driving mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor ( EGFR ), nearly all patients treated with TKI s ultimately develop drug resistance due to resistance‐conferring genomic mutations. CRISPR /Cas9‐mediated genome editing is a powerful new technique that allows precise changes to be made to cells’ genomes. This technology is currently used widely in research laboratories, but it has yet to make an impact in the clinics. We suggest a potential exciting clinical application for this technical advance—allowing personalized, molecular surgery to correct or destroy the mutated EGFR . After detection of EGFR mutations in individual patients’ cancers from biopsy samples, the EGFR ‐mutant genes will be repaired or destroyed with virus‐delivered CRISPR /Cas system. We demonstrate the feasibility of such an approach with examples from the most common primary and secondary EGFR mutations that are encountered. These proposed “molecular surgeries” on genomic DNA directly target the cause of the disease in a personalized and possibly permanent manner. This approach could be combined with traditional surgery, radiation therapy, or chemo/targeted therapy.
Solutions with performance guarantees on tactical decisions for industrial gas network problems (2018)

In the gas distribution industry, creating a tactical strategy to meet customer demand while meeting the physical constraints in a gas pipeline network leads to complex and challenging optimization problems due to the non-linearity, non-convexity, and combinatorial nature of the corresponding mathematical formulation of the problem. In this article, we study the performance of different approaches presented in the literature to solve both natural gas and industrial gas problems to either find global optimal solutions or determine the optimality gap between a local optimal solution and a valid lower bound for the problem’s objective. In addition to those considered in the literature, we consider alternative reformulations of the operational-level gas pipeline optimization problem. The performance of these alternative reformulations varies in terms of the optimality gap provided for a feasible solution of the problem and their solution time. In industry-sized problem instances, significant improvements are possible compared to solving the standard formulation of the problem.
Authenticating location-based services without compromising location privacy (2012)

The popularity of mobile social networking services (mSNSs) is propelling more and more businesses, especially those in retailing and marketing, into mobile and location-based forms. To address the trust issue, the service providers are expected to deliver their location-based services in an authenticatable manner, so that the correctness of the service results can be verified by the client. However, existing works on query authentication cannot preserve the privacy of the data being queried, which are sensitive user locations when it comes to location-based services and mSNSs. In this paper, we address this challenging problem by proposing a comprehensive solution that preserves unconditional location privacy when authenticating range queries. Three authentication schemes for $R$-tree and grid-file index, together with two optimization techniques, are developed. Cost models, security analysis, and experimental results consistently show the effectiveness, reliability and robustness of the proposed schemes under various system settings and query workloads.
Photonic-Enabled RF Canceller with Tunable Time-Delay Taps (2016)

Abstract : Future 5G wireless networks can benefit from the use of in-band full-duplex technologies that allow access to previously unused spectrum by suppressing consequential self-interference. While this interference mitigation is typically achieved using multiple techniques, existing RF cancellation schemes can limit a systems center frequency and instantaneous bandwidth. This paper introduces a unique RF canceller design that uses photonics and a vector modulator architecture to provide a high number of canceller taps with tunable time-delays, which allow the canceller to operate over wide bandwidths. A prototype of this concept was built, and successfully demonstrated the capability of tuning 20 canceller taps over 80 different delay locations that spanned 115 ns
A Low-Cost Microwave Moisture Sensor (2006)

A low-cost microwave moisture sensor for granular materials operating at a single frequency of 5.8 GHz has been built and tested. The sensor principle is based on measurement of the two components of the relative complex permittivity. From these measurements, a density- and material-independent calibration function is calculated. The linear correlation between the calibration function and moisture provides moisture content in different materials independent of bulk density
Design and synthesis of a new orthogonally protected glutamic acid analog and its use in the preparation of high affinity polo-like kinase 1 polo-box domain – binding peptide macrocycles (2021)

Targeting protein - protein interactions (PPIs) has emerged as an important area of discovery for anticancer therapeutic development. In the case of phospho-dependent PPIs, such as the polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) polo-box domain (PBD), a phosphorylated protein residue can provide high-affinity recognition and binding to target protein hot spots. Developing antagonists of the Plk1 PBD can be particularly challenging if one relies solely on interactions within and proximal to the phospho-binding pocket. Fortunately, the affinity of phospho-dependent PPI antagonists can be significantly enhanced by taking advantage of interactions in both the phospho-binding site and hidden "cryptic" pockets that may be revealed on ligand binding. In our current paper, we describe the design and synthesis of macrocyclic peptide mimetics directed against the Plk1 PBD, which are characterized by a new glutamic acid analog that simultaneously serves as a ring-closing junction that provides accesses to a cryptic binding pocket, while at the same time achieving proper orientation of a phosphothreonine (pT) residue for optimal interaction in the signature phospho-binding pocket. Macrocycles prepared with this new amino acid analog introduce additional hydrogen-bonding interactions not found in the open-chain linear parent peptide. It is noteworthy that this new glutamic acid-based amino acid analog represents the first example of extremely high affinity ligands where access to the cryptic pocket from the pT-2 position is made possible with a residue that is not based on histidine. The concepts employed in the design and synthesis of these new macrocyclic peptide mimetics should be useful for further studies directed against the Plk1 PBD and potentially for ligands directed against other PPI targets.
Tracking system developed using an optical fiber-based distributed acoustic sensor (2011)

This work will present a system for acoustic source tracking and imaging developed using a novel distributed acoustic sensor. This sensor, the intelligent Distributed Acoustic Sensor (iDAS), uses standard off-the-shelf optical fiber as a transducer to capture the audio-frequency acoustic field (both phase and amplitude) simultaneously along the entire length of a fiber with a spatial resolution of about 0.5 m. iDAS was used to track the bearing of acoustic sources in a reverberant environment, with localization being performed in two stages. First, the received signal was preprocessed for the mitigating effects of calibration errors and multipaths. Then tracking was performed via particle filters. These filters can track multiple acoustical sources and are efficient enough to run in nearly real time. The output from this system is presented in the form of an acoustic camera-type video.
Prediction of Inhibitor Binding Free Energies by Quantum Neural Networks. Nucleoside Analogues Binding to Trypanosomal Nucleoside Hydrolase (1999)

A computational method has been developed to predict inhibitor binding energy for untested inhibitor molecules. A neural network is trained from the electrostatic potential surfaces of known inhibitors and their binding energies. The algorithm is then able to predict, with high accuracy, the binding energy of unknown inhibitors. IU-nucleoside hydrolase from Crithidia fasciculata and the inhibitor molecules described previously [Miles, R. W. Tyler, P. C. Evans, G. Furneaux R. H., Parkin, D. W., and Schramm, V. L. (1999) Biochemistry 38, xxxx-xxxx] are used as the test system. Discrete points on the molecular electrostatic potential surface of inhibitor molecules are input to neural networks to identify the quantum mechanical features that contribute to binding. Feed-forward neural networks with back-propagation of error are trained to recognize the quantum mechanical electrostatic potential and geometry at the entire van der Waals surface of a group of training molecules and to predict the strength of interactions between the enzyme and novel inhibitors. The binding energies of unknown inhibitors were predicted, followed by experimental determination of K(i)() values. Predictions of K(i)() values using this theory are compared to other methods and are more robust in estimating inhibitory strength. The average deviation in estimating K(i)() values for 18 unknown inhibitor molecules, with 21 training molecules, is a factor of 5 x K(i)() over a range of 660 000 in K(i)() values for all molecules. The a posteriori accuracy of the predictions suggests the method will be effective as a guide for experimental inhibitor design.
Growth Of Delta-Doped Layer On Silicon CCD (1995)

Response to ultraviolet light enhanced. Back-side-illuminated silicon charge-coupled device fabricated exhibiting nearly 100 percent internal quantum efficiency in near ultraviolet, by using molecular beam epitaxy to grow thin crystalline-silicon layer containing high concentration of boron (p-type dopant). By confining dopant atoms to one or few atomic layers in silicon lattice, concentration-vs.-depth profile made to resemble Dirac delta function, and resulting silicon layer said to be delta-doped.
Frequency agile stepped OFDM waveform for HRR (2009)

High range resolution (HRR) is an important feature for radar, aiming at target classification. The range resolution is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. Pulse burst waveforms can achieve HRR at low expenses when the carrier frequency increases from one pulse to the next, stepping and synthesizing the wide bandwidth. In such a stepped frequency approach the resolution is determined by the bandwidth of the total pulse burst. With the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, the time/frequency pattern of the transmitted radar signal is fully flexible while the waveform can be generated easily by IFFT. The novelty of this paper is to demonstrate how the combination of frequency agility and HRR processing into one system can benefit from the OFDM flexibility. An elementary scenario with a single stationary or low speed point target is assumed.
Sample Preparation for Measurement of Plasma Mycophenolic Acid Concentrations Using Chromatographically Functionalized Magnetic Micro-Particles (2012)

Utilizing chromatographically modified magnetic micro-particles is an innovative principle of sample preparation for quantitative analysis of small molecules in complex biomedical samples by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Since no vacuum or pressure has to be applied-in contrast to cartridge based solid phase extraction protocols-the principle's main characteristics are potentially straightforward automation and a high extraction performance (in terms of µg of extraction material per µL of sample). Following first descriptions of the approach, this article reports, the validation of a magnetic particle-based, analytical method for the quantification of the immunosuppressant mycophenolic acid in plasma. This sample preparation technology has shown a good performance for this clinically relevant analyte. As a result, we conclude that further work towards the implementation of this technology in a multi- analyte approach on robotic systems, aiming towards a fully automated process, is justified.
Image feature analysis and computer‐aided diagnosis in digital radiography: Classification of normal and abnormal lungs with interstitial disease in chest images (1989)

In order to detect and characterize interstitial disease in the lungs, we are developing an automated method for the determination of physical texture measures, which assess the magnitude and coarseness (or fineness) of lung texture in digital chest radiographs. This method is based on an analysis of the power spectrum of lung texture. We now describe an automated classification method for distinction between normal and abnormal lungs with interstitial disease, in which we employ these texture measures and their data base. This computerized method includes three independent tests, one for a definitely abnormal focal pattern, one for a relatively localized abnormal pattern, and one for a diffuse abnormal pattern. The performance of this computerized classification scheme is compared with that of radiologists by means of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Our results indicate that this computerized method can be a valuable aid to radiologists in their assessment of interstitial infiltrates.
Investigation of the Optoelectronic Properties of Organic Light-Emitting Transistors Based on an Intrinsically Ambipolar Material (2008)

The realization of organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) based on α,ω-dihexylcarbonylquaterthiophene (DHCO4T), an intrinsically ambipolar and luminescent semiconductor, is reported. In this device structure, optimization of the hole/electron density ratio in the channel region has been identified as the major issue to optimize light emission.. Therefore, the focus of this study is to understand how DHCO4T optoelectronic response vary with semiconductor film growth conditions as well as the selection of the gate dielectric and metal contact materials. Our results demonstrate that DHCO4T hole and electron mobilities and the IDS−VDS hysteresis mainly depend on the gate dielectric material composition. Atomic force microscopy analysis of the semiconductor film reveals a layer-by-layer growth mechanism, giving rise to the formation of a continuous and homogeneous charge transport layers. With Au as the source and drain contact material, the best carrier mobilities have been measured for the poly(methyl methacrylate)-coated SiO2 gate dielectric devices. Metals with Fermi energy ranging from −5.1 to −2.87 eV have also been investigated. Metal deposition on the semiconductor film does not significantly affect film morphology as evidenced by the topography of the electrode top surface. However, for a given dielectric material, the OLET performance strongly depends on the metal/dielectric combination employed and marginally correlates with the contact Fermi energy. Electroluminescence has been observed in DHCO4T-based OLETs but principally in concert with unipolar transport. The hole and electron large gate threshold voltage values have been identified as the principal limitation to high electroluminescence performances.
Initial frequency of alleles for resistance to <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> toxins in field populations of <i>Heliothis virescens</i> (1997)

The risk of rapid pest adaptation to an insecticide is highly dependent on the initial frequency of resistance alleles in field populations. Because we have lacked empirical estimates of these frequencies, population-genetic models of resistance evolution have relied on a wide range of theoretical estimates. The recent commercialization of genetically engineered cotton that constitutively produces an insecticidal protein derived from the biocontrol agent, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has raised concern that we lack data needed to quantify the risk of insect pests such as Heliothis virescens rapidly adapting to this ecologically valuable class of toxins. By individually mating over 2,000 male H. virescens moths collected in four states to females of a Bt toxin-resistant laboratory strain, and screening F1 and F2 offspring for tolerance of the toxic protein, we were able to directly estimate the field frequency of alleles for resistance as 1.5 x 10(-3). This high initial frequency underscores the need for caution in deploying transgenic cotton to control insect pests. Our single-pair mating technique greatly increases the efficiency of detecting recessive resistance alleles. Because alleles that decrease target site sensitivity to Bt toxins and other insecticides are often recessive, this technique could be useful in estimating resistance allele frequencies in other insects exposed to transgenic insecticidal crops or conventional insecticides.
Noninvasive Internal Body Temperature Tracking With Near-Field Microwave Radiometry (2017)

This paper presents a study of near-field radiometry for internal temperature measurements of the human body. The radiometer has a Dicke architecture and operates in the 1.4-GHz quiet band for centimeter penetration into tissues with minimized radio frequency interference (RFI). The total blackbody power from a tissue stack is received by a probe placed on the skin, designed to receive a high percentage of the total power from a buried tissue layer. Temperature retrieval for subsurface tissue layers is performed using near-field weighting functions obtained from full-wave simulations. The calibrated radiometer is demonstrated to track the temperature of a phantom muscle tissue layer under phantom fat and skin layers within a fraction of a degree. It is shown that RFI can be reduced through the use of a second probe and adaptive processing. Measurements on the human cheek show good agreement with independent thermocouple measurements inside the mouth.
CamK: Camera-Based Keystroke Detection and Localization for Small Mobile Devices (2018)

Because of the smaller size of mobile devices, text entry with on-screen keyboards becomes inefficient. Therefore, we present CamK, a camera-based text-entry method, which can use a panel (e.g., a piece of paper) with a keyboard layout to input text into small devices. With the built-in camera of the mobile device, CamK captures images during the typing process and utilizes image processing techniques to recognize the typing behavior, i.e., extract the keys, track the user's fingertips, detect, and locate keystrokes. To achieve high accuracy of keystroke localization and low false positive rate of keystroke detection, CamK introduces the initial training and online calibration. To reduce the time latency, CamK optimizes computation-intensive modules by changing image sizes, focusing on target areas, introducing multiple threads, removing the operations of writing or reading images. Finally, we implement CamK on mobile devices running Android. Our experimental results show that CamK can achieve above 95 percent accuracy in keystroke localization, with only a 4.8 percent false positive rate. When compared with on-screen keyboards, CamK can achieve a 1.25X typing speedup for regular text input and 2.5X for random character input. In addition, we introduce word prediction to further improve the input speed for regular text by 13.4 percent.