gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholangiocyte organoids can repair bile ducts after transplantation in the human liver (2021)

Organoid technology holds great promise for regenerative medicine but has not yet been applied to humans. We address this challenge using cholangiocyte organoids in the context of cholangiopathies, which represent a key reason for liver transplantation. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we show that primary human cholangiocytes display transcriptional diversity that is lost in organoid culture. However, cholangiocyte organoids remain plastic and resume their in vivo signatures when transplanted back in the biliary tree. We then utilize a model of cell engraftment in human livers undergoing ex vivo normothermic perfusion to demonstrate that this property allows extrahepatic organoids to repair human intrahepatic ducts after transplantation. Our results provide proof of principle that cholangiocyte organoids can be used to repair human biliary epithelium.
A Hybrid Approach for Facial Expression Recognition (2018)

Facial expression recognition is an emerging research area for improving human and computer interaction. This research plays a significant role in the field of social communication, commercial enterprise, law enforcement, and other computer interactions. In this paper, we propose a hybrid design for facial expression recognition combining image pre-processing steps and different Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) structures providing better accuracy and greatly improved training time. We are predicting seven basic emotions of human faces: sadness, happiness, disgust, anger, fear, surprise and neutral. The model performs well regarding challenging facial expression recognition where the emotion expressed could be one of several due to their quite similar facial characteristics such as anger, disgust, and sadness. The experiment to test the model was conducted across multiple databases and different facial orientations, and to best of our knowledge, the model provided an accuracy of about 89.58% for KDEF dataset, 100% accuracy for JAFFE dataset and 71.975% accuracy for combined (KDEF + JAFFE + SFEW) dataset across these different scenarios. Performance evaluation was done by cross-validation techniques to avoid bias towards a specific set of images from a database.
Accurate and robust ego-motion estimation using expectation maximization (2008)

A novel robust visual-odometry technique, called EM-SE(3) is presented and compared against using the random sample consensus (RANSAC) for ego-motion estimation. In this contribution, stereo-vision is used to generate a number of minimal-set motion hypothesis. By using EM-SE(3), which involves expectation maximization on a local linearization of the rigid-body motion group SE(3), a distinction can be made between inlier and outlier motion hypothesis. At the same time a robust mean motion as well as its associated uncertainty can be computed on the selected inlier motion hypothesis. The data-sets used for evaluation consist of synthetic and large real-world urban scenes, including several independently moving objects. Using these data-sets, it will be shown that EM-SE(3) is both more accurate and more efficient than RANSAC.
Molybdenum silicide based attenuated phase-shift masks (1994)

The use of phase shifting masks (PSMs) causes revolutionary improvements of the performance of existing wafer steppers. Nowadays the attenuated PSM, also referred to as halftone, is found to be most attractive, as the technique is self-aligned. Moreover, the number of additional process steps in mask fabrication is limited to a dry etching step. Typically, both focus and exposure latitudes for contact holes of 0.35 μm are improved by a factor of 1.5–2 over a conventional mask. As linewidths on mask shrink towards 1 μm (a critical dimension of 0.25 μm, at 4× magnification) and below, the required critical dimension control becomes much tighter. It becomes more and more clear that the accuracy cannot be met anymore with wet etching of chrome. Sputtered molybdenum silicide (MoSi) is easier to dry etch than chrome and is therefore an important candidate as alternative opaque material on masks. The use of MoSi for attenuated PSMs is discussed. This approach has the advantage over the use of an SOG/Cr combination in that only a single dry etch process is required to etch the stack, since both materials can be etched using fluorine based plasmas. This is in contrast to chrome/shifter attenuated masks where chrome and shifter are etched separately, either wet/dry or both dry but in different chemistries. Recently published work describes the application of a single layer of a MoSiO or MoSiON with the required opacity and phase shift, by careful tuning of the refractive index and extinction coefficient. A comparison to these so-called embedded PSMs is included. For the latter an important disadvantage is the lack of conductivity of the layer, such that an extra (sacrificial) layer is required for charge dissipation during electron-beam exposure. An intermediate solution, referred to as partially embedded, is suggested as a compromise.
Supraclavicular lymphadenopathy as the initial presentation of metastatic prostate cancer: A case report and review of literature (2013)

Prostate cancer usually metastasizes to the regional lymph nodes, and distal metastases to supraclavicular lymph nodes are rarely reported, especially as an initial presentation. Limited case reports describe cervical lymphadenopathy as the initial presentation of metastatic prostate cancer, and often with widely disseminated disease. Patients with this initial presentation rarely undergo digital rectal examination or serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level measurement as part of their initial investigations. A high index of suspicion is necessary to make the diagnosis of prostate cancer in this clinical setting. We present a rare case of prostate carcinoma presenting with supraclavicular lymph node enlargement at the initial diagnosis. A review of the relevant literature is provided.
Auxiliary lines in three view drawings for 3D shape reconstruction using CSG method (2003)

The constructive solid geometry (CSG) method is applied to reconstruction of 3-D shapes from three-view engineering drawings. It is found that auxiliary lines must be added to most of the original drawings in order to generate a proper set of primitives. For this purpose, a systematic method for hierarchical auxiliary line generation is proposed. It keeps track of information on the depth in recursive line generation and of primitive operators to insure proper primitive operations. The proposed method was successfully tested on several typical engineering drawings.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Iron-Based Chemical Looping Sorbents Integrated with pH Swing Carbon Mineral Sequestration (2009)

The previously developed pH swing carbon mineral sequestration immobilizes the gaseous CO2 into a thermodynamically stable solid, MgCO3, using Mg-bearing minerals such as serpentine. This mineral carbonation technology is particularly promising since it generates value-added solid products: high surface area silica, iron oxide, and magnesium carbonate, while providing a safe and permanent storage option for CO2. By carefully controlling the pH of the system, these solids products can be produced with high purity. This study focuses on the synthesis of iron oxide particles as a chemical looping sorbent in order to achieve the integration between carbon capture and storage technologies. Since the solubility of Fe in aqueous phase is relatively low at neutral pH, the effect of the weak acid and chelating agents on the extraction of Fe from serpentine was investigated. The synthesized iron-based chemical looping sorbent was found to be as effective as commercially available iron oxide nanoparticles at converting syngas into high purity H2, while producing a sequestration-ready CO2 stream.
Action2Activity: Recognizing Complex Activities from Sensor Data (2016)

As compared to simple actions, activities are much more complex, but semantically consistent with a human's real life. Techniques for action recognition from sensor generated data are mature. However, there has been relatively little work on bridging the gap between actions and activities. To this end, this paper presents a novel approach for complex activity recognition comprising of two components. The first component is temporal pattern mining, which provides a mid-level feature representation for activities, encodes temporal relatedness among actions, and captures the intrinsic properties of activities. The second component is adaptive Multi-Task Learning, which captures relatedness among activities and selects discriminant features. Extensive experiments on a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our work.
The influence of cluster cooling flows on imaging X-ray surveys. (1990)

Les effets des ecoulements de refroidissement sont examines sur les denombrements des sources RX des amas de galaxies trouvees dans les surveys MSS de l'Observatoire Einstein. Le nombre des amas dans les surveys est compatible avec une extrapolation a partir des amas plus brillants, pourvu que la plupart des amas contiennent des ecoulements de refroidissement. La pente des denombrements des sources est plus plate que la valeur euclidienne simple de 1.5 : cette pente est attribuee a un effet de selection plutot qu'a l'evolution. Des predictions sont presentees pour les surveys futurs ROSAT
Synthesis, structure, and physical properties of niobium phosphate bronze (Nb18P2.5O50) (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis, structure, and physical properties of niobium phosphate bronze (Nb18P2.5O50)J. Xu, S. C. Chen, K. V. Ramanujachary, and M. GreenblattCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 2, 267–270Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00080a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00080a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views154Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Understanding Gene Therapy (2023)

WHAT IS GENE THERAPY? Introduction Germline gene therapy Somatic gene therapy Viral systems Nonviral systems Candidate diseases for application of gene therapy Summary References Further reading WHY GENE THERAPY? Introduction what makes a diseas
Rate distortion optimized joint ARQ-FEC scheme for real-time wireless multimedia (2005)

In this paper, we investigate rate distortion optimized streaming of H.264 coded video sequences over time-varying wireless channels. Our main objective is to minimize average end-to-end distortion to satisfy a certain quality of service (QoS) by considering the media and channel characteristics such as packet importance, packet dependencies, decoding deadlines, channel state information and channel capacity. In particular, we propose a sender-driven optimized joint ARQ-FEC scheme that decides on packet transmissions, re-transmissions as well as the FEC rate used in each transmission. The optimized joint ARQ-FEC scheme along with packet scheduling aims to minimize a weighted sum of distortion and total transmission cost under capacity constraints. The other objective in this paper is to satisfy the QoS of the optimized joint ARQ-FEC scheme without minimizing end-to-end distortion. We improved two approximate algorithms that use the media and channel characteristics to transmit the best selected and FEC coded packet. The real-time simulation results with H.264 sequences demonstrate the efficacy of the all proposed algorithms over the classical error recovery scheme uses ARQ and FEC.
House Hearing Tomorrow to Explore Moving Hearing Aids Over the Counter (2017)

As legislation to make hearing aids available over the counter (OTC) makes its way through both houses of Congress, the House of Representatives Subcommittee on Health will hold a hearing tomorrow to discuss this and other legislation related to regulation of medical technologies.
Synthesis and Immunostimulating Properties of Lipophilic Ester and Ether Muramyl Peptide Derivatives (1996)

Macrophages can become cytotoxic toward tumor cells when activated by immunomodulators. Three different muramyl peptides were synthesized: one hydrolyzable lipophilic ester derivative (MTP-Chol) and two nonhydrolyzable lipophilic ether derivatives (MTP-octadecane and MTP-heptadecafluorooctadecane). Activation of the RAW 264.7 cell line was studied by measuring nitrite production as an indication of NO-synthase activity. The lipophilic ester derivative, incorporated within nanocapsules, was as active as free muramyl dipeptide, whereas the lipophilic ether derivatives were unable to activate macrophages. MTP-octadecane in micellar form was not capable of inducing macrophage cytotoxicity either. These results indicate that lipophilic muramyl peptides need to be hydrolyzed to yield a hydrosoluble metabolite in order to activate macrophages.
Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment (2011)

. The network structure of a hyperlinked environment can be a rich source of information about the content of the environment, provided we have effective means for understanding it. We develop a set of algorithmic tools for extracting information from the link structures of such environments, and report on experiments that demonstrate their effectiveness in a variety of contexts on the World Wide Web. The central issue we address within our framework is the distillation of broad search topics, through the discovery of &quot;authoritative&quot; information sources on such topics. We propose and test an algorithmic formulation of the notion of authority, based on the relationship between a set of relevant authoritative pages and the set of &quot;hub pages&quot; that join them together in the link structure. Our formulation has connections to the eigenvectors of certain matrices associated with the link graph; these connections in turn motivate additional heuristics for link-based analysis. Categories and S...
Application of SELDI‐TOF mass spectrometry in clinical evaluation of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (2006)

Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization Time Of Flight (SELDI‐TOF) mass spectrometry is characterized by integration of mass spectrometry with surface chemistry, which gives rise to rapid purification and subsequent determination of protein/peptide analytes. There are several surface matrices, named proteinChips, available for analyzing a particular analyte or a subset of biomolecules in biological samples. Each proteinChip has a unique surface property suitable for fractionation of a specific group of molecules. This article demonstrates the application of SELDI‐TOF for the analysis of a cleaved peptide ( M r 7739 daltons) from von Willebrand Factor by a metalloproteinase, ADAMTS13. Deficiency of ADAMTS13 is a known primary risk factor for the devastating hematological disorder, Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Rapid determination of ADAMTS13 activity helps clinicians tremendously in making the correct diagnosis and initiating timely therapy. Most patients with TTP are acquired cases who exhibit a production of autoimmune antibodies against ADAMTS13 protease. TTP′s clinical course is critically controlled by the autoantibody′s ability to inhibit ADAMTS13 function. Thus, a second SELDI‐TOF based test has been devised to measure ADAMTS13 autoantibody activity for the evaluation of TTP disease activity. In conclusion, the unique features of SELDI‐TOF which allow for the examination of the role of key proteases in disease processes have opened up new doors for the clinical application of mass spectrometer based techniques.
Flow‐through imaging cytometry for characterization of <i>Salmonella</i> subpopulations in alfalfa sprouts, a complex food system (2009)

We recently developed an approach combining fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and flow cytometry for detecting low levels of Salmonella spp. (approximately 10(3) cells/mL sprout wash) against high levels of naturally occurring sprout flora (approximately 10(7)-10(8) CFU/g sprouts). Although this "FISH and flow" approach provided rapid presence/absence testing for Salmonella in this complex food system, it was not capable of more nuanced tasks, such as probing the phenotypic complexity of the microbes present in sprouts or determining the physical interactions of Salmonella with these microbes, or with sprout debris. In the present study, we have combined rapid FISH-based labeling of Salmonella spp. in sprout washes with flow-through imaging cytometry (FT-IC), using the ImageStream 100, a commercial FT-IC instrument. This approach enables image-based characterization of various subpopulations of interest occurring within these samples. Here, we demonstrate the ability of FT-IC to unambiguously identify cells, cell aggregates and other events within these subpopulations based on both cell morphology and hybridization status after reaction with a Salmonella-targeted probe cocktail. Our ability to directly explore the nature of these events expands the layers of information possible from cytometric analyses of these complex samples and clearly demonstrates that "a picture is worth a thousand dots".
Epidemiology of hepatitis C virus infection (2007)

Globally, hepatitis C virus (HCV) has infected an estimated 130 million people, most of whom are chronically infected. HCV-infected people serve as a reservoir for transmission to others and are at risk for developing chronic liver disease, cirrhosis, and primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been estimated that HCV accounts for 27% of cirrhosis and 25% of HCC worldwide. HCV infection has likely been endemic in many populations for centuries. However, the wave of increased HCV-related morbidity and mortality that we are now facing is the result of an unprecedented increase in the spread of HCV during the 20th century. Two 20th century events appear to be responsible for this increase; the widespread availability of injectable therapies and the illicit use of injectable drugs.
Big Data Security and Privacy Issues in Healthcare (2014)

With the ever-increasing cost for healthcare and increased health insurance premiums, there is a need for proactive healthcare and wellness. In addition, the new wave of digitizing medical records has seen a paradigm shift in the healthcare industry. As a result, the healthcare industry is witnessing an increase in sheer volume of data in terms of complexity, diversity and timeliness. As healthcare experts look for every possible way to lower costs while improving care process, delivery and management, big data emerges as a plausible solution with the promise to transform the healthcare industry. This paradigm shift from reactive to proactive healthcare can result in an overall decrease in healthcare costs and eventually lead to economic growth. While the healthcare industry harnesses the power of big data, security and privacy issues are at the focal point as emerging threats and vulnerabilities continue to grow. In this paper, we present the state-of-the-art security and privacy issues in big data as applied to healthcare industry.
Accelerometer-Measured Daily Steps, Physical Function, and Subsequent Fall Risk in Older Women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women Study (2021)

Steps per day were measured by accelerometer for 7 days among 5,545 women aged 63-97 years between 2012 and 2014. Incident falls were ascertained from daily fall calendars for 13 months. Median steps per day were 3,216. There were 5,473 falls recorded over 61,564 fall calendar-months. The adjusted incidence rate ratio comparing women in the highest versus lowest step quartiles was 0.71 (95% confidence interval [0.54, 0.95]; ptrend across quartiles = .01). After further adjustment for physical function using the Short Physical Performance Battery, the incidence rate ratio was 0.86 ([0.64, 1.16]; ptrend = .27). Mediation analysis estimated that 63.7% of the association may be mediated by physical function (p = .03). In conclusion, higher steps per day were related to lower incident falls primarily through their beneficial association with physical functioning. Interventions that improve physical function, including those that involve stepping, could reduce falls in older adults.
Can Individual Investors Beat the Market (2004)

We document strong persistence in the performance of trades of individual investors. Investors classified in the top 10 percent place trades that earn risk-adjusted returns of 15 basis points per day. A rolling-forward strategy of going long firms purchased by previously successful investors and shorting firms purchased by previously unsuccessful investors results in risk-adjusted returns of 5 basis points per day. These returns are not confined to small stocks or to stocks in which the investors are likely to have inside information. Our results suggest that skillful individual investors exploit market inefficiencies to earn abnormal profits,aboveandbeyondanyprofits available from well-known strategies based upon size, value, or momentum.
Graph Few-shot Learning via Knowledge Transfer (2019)

Towards the challenging problem of semi-supervised node classification, there have been extensive studies. As a frontier, Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have aroused great interest recently, which update the representation of each node by aggregating information of its neighbors. However, most GNNs have shallow layers with a limited receptive field and may not achieve satisfactory performance especially when the number of labeled nodes is quite small. To address this challenge, we innovatively propose a graph few-shot learning (GFL) algorithm that incorporates prior knowledge learned from auxiliary graphs to improve classification accuracy on the target graph. Specifically, a transferable metric space characterized by a node embedding and a graph-specific prototype embedding function is shared between auxiliary graphs and the target, facilitating the transfer of structural knowledge. Extensive experiments and ablation studies on four real-world graph datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed model.