gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Four Interfacial Active Rhamnolipids from n-Alkanes or Glycerol by Resting Cells of Pseudomonas species DSM 2874 (1985)

In a simple phosphate buffer or a sodium chloride solution resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874 produced up to 15 g/l of different rhamnolipids. The rhamnolipid composition of the organic crude extract depended on the temperature during the cultivation and on the C-source. The optimal sodium chloride concentration for rhamnolipid formation was about 100 mM/l and the optimal phosphate buffer concentration about 65 mM/l. The optimal pH-value for the production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes or glycerol was in the range pH 6.0-7.2. While rhamnolipid formation with glycerol as the sole C-source showed a wide optimum ranging from 27 degrees up to 37 degrees C, production of rhamnolipids from n-alkanes had a sharp optimum at 37 degrees C. The addition of multivalent cations, different N-sources and EDTA caused an inhibition of rhamnolipid formation, while the n-alkane concentration had no influence. Specific rhamnolipid formation decreased with increasing cell concentration. Various C-sources were suitable for the formation of rhamnolipids by resting cells of Pseudomonas spec. DSM 2874. Yields, which were comparable to those obtained on n-alkanes or glycerol, were found for stearic acid, fatty alcohols and vegetable oils. A study of the time course of glycolipid production of resting cells was carried out in a 20 1-bioreactor with an intensor system and with n-tetradecane as the sole C-source.
Enhanced effects of BMP‐binding peptide combined with recombinant human BMP‐2 on the healing of a rodent segmental femoral defect (2009)

BMP-binding peptide (BBP) enhances the osteogenic activity of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2), but the mechanism underlying the enhancement remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the potential enhanced efficacy of BBP using critical-sized segmental femoral bone defects in rats. Seventy defects in seven groups of rats were filled with various amounts (0, 2, 5, and 10 microg) of rhBMP-2 with or without 1000 microg BBP. Radiographs were obtained after 4 and 8 weeks. The animals were euthanized at 8 weeks, and femoral specimens were assessed manually, evaluated for bone volume using microcomputed tomography, and subjected to histological or biomechanical analysis. Although 10 microg rhBMP-2 yielded consistent results in terms of bone healing and quality of bone repair across the segmental defect, lower doses of rhBMP-2 failed to induce satisfactory bone healing. However, the combined administration of lower doses of rhBMP-2 and BBP induced the formation of significantly large amounts of bone. Our results suggest that the combined administration of rhBMP-2 and BBP facilitates bone healing and has potential clinical applications.
Eu and Yb Substituent Effects on the Properties of Pb(Zr<sub>0.52</sub>Ti<sub>0.48</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–Pb(Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Sb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Development of a New High-Power Piezoelectric with Enhanced Vibrational Velocity (2001)

Improved piezoelectric materials with higher vibrational velocities are needed to meet the demands of advanced high power electromechanical applications. In this paper, the effects of Eu and Yb substituents on the vibrational velocity and the piezoelectric properties of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 –Pb(Mn, Sb)O 3 ceramics will be reported. Both of these substituents resulted in a significant increase in the mechanical quality factor Q m , a decrease in the dielectric constant, and improvements in the electromechanical properties. Root mean square value (rms value) of vibration velocity as high as 1.0 m/s under an electric field of 10 kV/m (rms value) has been found for Yb-substituted specimens, which is 1.7 times higher than that of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 –Pb(Mn, Sb)O 3 ceramics and 3 times higher than that of the commercialized hard Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 ceramics.
Dynamic control of vapor diffusion protein crystal growth (1997)

Two laboratory based systems have been constructed to demonstrate methods which will allow for dynamic control of protein crystal growth. The technologies developed in these systems will be incorporated into future flight hardware for use in microgravity studies. The first system uses a precisely controlled vapor diffusion approach to monitor and control protein crystal growth. The system utilizes a humidity sensor and various interfaces under computer control to effect virtually any evaporation rate from up to 40 different growth solutions simultaneously. A second system utilizes the key features of the first system with the addition of a static laser light scattering sensor which can be used to detect aggregation events and trigger a change in the evaporation rate for a growth solution. This system also demonstrates that a Control/Follower configuration can be used to actively monitor one chamber and accurately control replicate chambers relative to the Control chamber. Results from experiments with both systems demonstrate that evaporation rate and dynamic control produce systematic effects on the size and number of crystals obtained. Both of these systems demonstrate significant advances in the ability of researchers to gain control of the protein crystal growth process and will provide tremendous opportunities for both terrestrial and microgravity research.
Ionizing radiation dose monitor using silicon-on-sapphire transistor. [Patent application] (1982)

The systematic and complete characterization of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome and proteome has been stalled in some cases by misannotated genes. One such gene is YBR074W, which was initially annotated as two independent open reading frames (ORFs). We now report on Ybr074, a metalloprotease family member that was initially predicted to reside in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that Ybr074 may be an ER quality control protease. Instead, indirect immunofluorescence images indicate that Ybr074 is a vacuolar protein, and by employing protease protection assays, we demonstrate that a conserved M28 metalloprotease domain is oriented within the lumen. Involvement of Ybr074 in ER protein quality control was ruled out by examining the stabilities of several well-characterized substrates in strains lacking Ybr074. Finally, using a proteomic approach, we show that disrupting Ybr074 function affects the levels of select factors implicated in vacuolar trafficking and osmoregulation. Together, our data indicate that Ybr074 is the only multispanning vacuolar membrane protease found in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
22.3 Adaptive reconfigurable voltage/current-mode power management with self-regulation for extended-range inductive power transmission (2017)

Wireless power transmission (WPT) via inductive coupling is used in many applications such as biomedical implants, sensors, and radio-frequency identification (RFID). Range extension, robustness against load (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ) variations and coil misalignments and rotations, and miniaturization of inductive links are key in such applications, demanding new architectures for the integrated power management (IPM) [1-6]. Conventional IPMs in the form of rectifiers or doublers operate in voltage mode (VM) using active synchronous switches to achieve high AC-DC power-conversion efficiency (PCE) in [1-3]. However, they suffer from limited voltage-conversion efficiency (VCE), requiring large AC carriers across the receiver (RX) LC-tank. In [4], the RX LC-tank has been shorted twice in every power carrier cycle for R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> modulation. Although this approach increases PTE for small R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , it is not suitable for large R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> and VCE is still less than 1. A resonant current-mode (CM) IPM has recently been presented in [5], primarily used for recharging battery-powered implants with sub-volt AC carriers. However, it requires a battery for startup and is not suitable for direct WPT. For applications that involve large coupling distance (d) and R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> variations, neither VM- nor CM-only IPMs achieve highest power transmission efficiency (PTE), because VM and CM are suitable for small and large d or R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , respectively [6].
Results with an Apparatus for Pressurized Planar Electrochromatography (2006)

Pressurized planar electrochromatography (PPEC) is a fast and efficient planar chromatographic technique. The mobile phase is driven by electroosmotic flow, while the system is pressurized in a manner that allows heat to flow between the sorbent layer and the pressurizing medium. The reproducibility of solute retention was not satisfactory in the initial report describing PPEC. In the current report, this reproducibility is improved by better control of several experimental variables. The pressure at which PPEC is performed is now free of drift, and the temperature at which the layer is preconditioned is maintained to within +/-1 degrees C. The best reproducibility of retention is obtained when the plate is soaked in the mobile phase for a defined time before each run. In the original prototype, the temperature of the sorbent layer was not controlled. In the present apparatus, water, at a constant temperature between 3 and 60 degrees C, is circulated through channels in the two die blocks that pressurize the layer. The highest efficiency is obtained at an intermediate temperature. This behavior is ascribed to high resistance to mass transfer at the lower temperatures and increased diffusion at higher temperatures. Efficiency, as measured by the number of theoretical plates, increases with increasing migration distance. The height equivalent of a theoretical plate diminishes with increasing migration distance, and values as low as 0.0106 mm are obtained under appropriate conditions. This extrapolates to 94 000 plates/m. Manual spotting was used in this report. Evidence is presented that substantially better efficiency would be obtained if the initial spot size were smaller. The efficiency of PPEC in its current form is illustrated by a chromatogram showing the separation of nine solutes in 2 min. PPEC was also performed with TLC plates in a back-to-back configuration, and this doubles the number of samples that can be simultaneously separated.
Optimization of nanoscale phenomena in AlGaN for improved UV emitters (2007)

We have developed AlGaN films deposited by plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy (PA-MBE) that can possess enhanced internal quantum efficiency (> 30%) due to the presence of nanometer scale compositional inhomogeneities (NCI-AlGaN) within a wider bandgap matrix that inhibit nonradiative recombination through the large defect densities (> 10<sup>10</sup>cm<sup>-2</sup>) in these materials. Time- and temperature-dependent studies of the UV photoluminescence from these NCI AlGaN films as a function of growth conditions have been performed with the goal of optimizing the emission efficiency. Measurements of radiative and nonradiative lifetimes in conjunction with modeling indicate that the NCI AlGaN inherently combines inhibition of nonradiative recombination with reduction of radiative lifetime, providing a potentially higher efficiency UV emitter active region.
Adaptive Background Compensation of FI-DACs with Application to Coherent\n Optical Transceivers (2020)

This work proposes a novel adaptive background compensation scheme for\nfrequency interleaved digital-to-analog converters (FI-DACs). The technique is\napplicable to high speed digital transceivers such as those used in coherent\noptical communications. Although compensation of FI-DACs has been discussed\nbefore in the technical literature, adaptive background techniques have not yet\nbeen reported. The importance of the latter lies in their capability to\nautomatically compensate errors caused by process, voltage, and temperature\nvariations in the echnology (e.g., CMOS, SiGe, etc.) implementations of the\ndata converters, and therefore ensure high manufacturing yield. The key\ningredients of the proposed technique are a multiple-input multiple-output\n(MIMO) equalizer and the backpropagation algorithm used to adapt the\ncoefficients of the aforementioned equalizer. Simulations show that the\nimpairments of the analog signal path are accurately compensated and their\neffect is essentially eliminated, resulting in a high performance transmitter\nsystem.\n
Multi-Dimensional Constellations for Coded Transmission in Fading Channels (2009)

In high data rate OFDM systems, channel diversity can be a major concern. We revisit multi-dimensional constellation design, or short block spreading, and propose several improvements: a fine tuned Chernoff bound, a full optimization using Givens rotations, and a reduced complexity algorithm that exploits symmetry without loss of optimality. In fact, the problem's complexity increases exponentially with number of dimensions, and previously proposed algorithms are either sub-optimal or incomplete. We also present a new interleaver scheme that continuously, and possibly adaptively, shuffles the sub-carrier grouping. Some of the ideas can be extended to the design of Space Time Codes.
Continuous wave optically pumped iodine monofluoride B /sup 3/Pi(0/sup +/). -->. X /sup 1/. sigma. /sup +/ laser (1985)

A continuous wave optically pumped iodine monofluoride laser operating on the B /sup 3/Pi(0/sup +/) ..-->.. X /sup 1/..sigma../sup +/ system is described. The laser operated on a series of rovibronic lines originating from v' = 2--5. By tuning the dye laser pump source over a single rovibronic line, spectral structure was produced on the IF laser output that was analyzed and found to be consistent with hyperfine structure in IF. Hyperfine coupling constants were determined in this analysis. Implications for a chemically pumped IF laser are also presented.
An interactive user interface for selecting optimal listening conditions (1998)

An audio-visual interface was developed to allow listeners to hear a range of different conditions and convey their preferences. Feasibility for selecting optimal listening conditions was assessed for eight normal-hearing listeners. The visual display was a 4-by-4 matrix with the x and y axes representing two different manipulations of the frequency-gain characteristic. For a speech-in-noise condition, the axes represented low-frequency gain and broadband gain. For a filtered-speech condition, the axes represented high-pass cutoff frequency and bandwidth. Subjects altered the amount of processing applied to the ongoing speech (or speech in noise) by moving a screen pointer from cell to cell. Selections were compared to percent-correct scores for lists constructed from the same speech items (nonsense syllables), and to articulation indices (AIs). It took approximately 2 min to select, and selected conditions typically had AIs within 0.10 of the highest AI in the matrix. A potential application is determining settings for nonlinear hearing aids. [Work supported by NIDCD.]
Rifamycin B. oxidase from <i>Monocillium</i> spp., a new type of diphenol oxidase (1983)

It was found that enzyme from a microbial strain, Monocillium spp. ATCC 20621, catalyzed the oxidative reaction of rifamycin B to form rifamycin O. The identification of the reaction products suggested that the reaction proceeded by the oxidative cyclization of rifamycin B to give rifamycin O, which spontaneously hydrolyzed to rifamycin S in neutral aqueous milieu. The characteristic of the enzyme was different as compared with that of other polyphenol oxidases such as laccase. It is proposed that this new type of enzyme be classified into a subgroup EC 1.10.3.6 with a trivial name rifamycin B oxidase.
Continuous-time Sigma-Delta Modulators for Highly Digitised Receivers (2006)

This paper presents an overview of recent developments in continuous-time sigma-delta modulator design. Traditionally, sigma-delta modulators have been used for audio applications with low bandwidth and high-resolution requirements. Nowadays, the area of sigma-delta modulation has extended and sigma-delta modulators are widely used in multi-mode communication receivers with different bandwidth and resolution specifications. Thanks to new architectures and the integration of extra functionality, the excellent power efficiency, as well as good scalability, continuous-time sigma-delta modulators are key in enabling highly digitized receivers.
Foam suppression of respirable coal dust. Final report, November 1969--October 1970 (1970)

The report describes research in the control and suppression of respirable coal mine dust in order to prevent coal miners from developing pneumoconiosis. A formulation was developed for making a water-based, high-expansion, and limited stability foam. A horizontal boring machine was used as a laboratory coal mining model for generating coal dust. A modified laboratory foam generator was built. Foam was applied directly to the point at which dust was being formed by the cutter of the boring machine working against a block of coal. Coal dust was sampled with an impinger and analyzed for the particle count and partcle size distribution. Coal dust suppression test results on freshly generated dust demonstrated that in laboratory-scale experiments more than 90 percent of the respirable coal dust could be suppressed by foam. (Author) (GRA)
Field and lab experimental demonstration of nonlinear impairment compensation using neural networks (2019)

Fiber nonlinearity is one of the major limitations to the achievable capacity in long distance fiber optic transmission systems. Nonlinear impairments are determined by the signal pattern and the transmission system parameters. Deterministic algorithms based on approximating the nonlinear Schrodinger equation through digital back propagation, or a single step approach based on perturbation methods have been demonstrated, however, their implementation demands excessive signal processing resources, and accurate knowledge of the transmission system. A completely different approach uses machine learning algorithms to learn from the received data itself to figure out the nonlinear impairment. In this work, a single-step, system agnostic nonlinearity compensation algorithm based on a neural network is proposed to pre-distort symbols at transmitter side to demonstrate ~0.6 dB Q improvement after 2800 km standard single-mode fiber transmission using 32 Gbaud signal. Without prior knowledge of the transmission system, the neural network tensor weights are constructed from training data thanks to the intra-channel cross-phase modulation and intra-channel four-wave mixing triplets used as input features.
Laser system for dulling work roll by Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1988)

A new dulling system for the work rolls for the production of cold rolled steel sheets has been developed. Such sheets are used in the various products, such as outer panels of automobiles, and decorative outer plates of electric appliances. In this process, several pulsed laser beams generated by Q–switched Nd:YAG lasers produce small craters with rims around them. This process includes a longitudinal scanning system of the laser processing head and a rotation system of the work roll; consequently, the surface of the dulled roll consists of the innumerable small craters. The main features of the system consist of: (1) a special way of controlling RF power applied to the acousto-optic modulator for the Q-switching to change the peak power, pulse duration, and low level CW power to fit the dulling condition, (2) a method to combine two or more pulse beams to control the profile of dulling craters. Immediate advantages of this process are: (1) time-saving (very high repetition rate of pulses by Q-switching), (2) stable operation (without mechanical chopper which is usually used in CO2laser to make pulse beam), and (3) cost-saving. This newly developed system is effectively applied to the production of cold rolled steel sheets.
Human interleukin-6 receptor super-antagonists with high potency and wide spectrum on multiple myeloma cells (1996)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is the major growth factor for myeloma cells and is believed to participate in the pathogenesis of chronic autoimmune diseases and postmenopausal osteoporosis. IL-6 has been recently shown to possess three topologically distinct receptor binding sites: site 1 for binding to the subunit specific chain IL-6R alpha and sites 2 and 3 for the interaction with two subunits of the signaling chain gp130. We have generated a set of IL-6 variants that behave as potent cytokine receptor super-antagonists carrying substitutions that abolish interaction with gp130 at either site 2 alone (site 2 antagonist) or at both sites 2 and 3 (site 2 + 3 antagonist). In addition, substitutions have been introduced in site 1 that lead to variable increases in binding for IL-6R alpha up to 70-fold. IL-6 super-antagonists inhibit wild-type cytokine activity with efficacy proportional to the increase in receptor binding on a variety of human call lines of different origin, and the most potent molecules display full antagonism at low molar excess to wild-type IL-6. When tested on a representative set of IL-6-dependent human myeloma cell lines, although site 2 super-antagonists were in general quite effective, only the site 2 + 3 antagonist Sant7 showed antagonism on the full spectrum of cells tested. In conclusion, IL-6 super-antagonists are a useful tool for the study of myeloma in vitro and might constitute, in particular Sant7, effective IL-6 blocking agents in vivo.
Bare-hand Gesture Recognition and Tracking through the Large-scale Image Retrieval (2014)

The rapid development of mobile devices during the recent decade has been greatly driven by interaction and visualization technologies. Although touchscreens have signicantly enhanced the interaction technology, it is predictable that with the future mobile devices, e.g., augmentedreality glasses and smart watches, users will demand more intuitive in-puts such as free-hand interaction in 3D space. Specically, for manipulation of the digital content in augmented environments, 3D hand/body gestures will be extremely required. Therefore, 3D gesture recognition and tracking are highly desired features for interaction design in future smart environments. Due to the complexity of the hand/body motions, and limitations of mobile devices in expensive computations, 3D gesture analysis is still an extremely diffcult problem to solve.This thesis aims to introduce new concepts, theories and technologies for natural and intuitive interaction in future augmented environments. Contributions of this thesis support the concept of bare-hand 3D gestural interaction and interactive visualization on future smart devices. The introduced technical solutions enable an e ective interaction in the 3D space around the smart device. High accuracy and robust 3D motion analysis of the hand/body gestures is performed to facilitate the 3D interaction in various application scenarios. The proposed technologies enable users to control, manipulate, and organize the digital content in 3D space.