gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptive equalisation using particle swarm optimisation for uplink SC‐FDMA (2014)

An adaptive frequency‐domain equaliser for the single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC‐FDMA) system using the particle swarm optimisation (PSO) technique is proposed. Unlike the stochastic gradient and recursive least squares algorithms, the PSO is known to have fast convergence which does not depend on the underlying structure. The cost function used in a PSO is formulated based on the respective structure of the equaliser, whether it is a linear equaliser or a decision feedback equaliser. The robustness of the proposed PSO algorithm is demonstrated on a high Doppler scenario. Furthermore, it is shown that the performance improves more when using re‐randomisation. Finally, it is shown that the PSO‐based frequency‐domain equaliser is more computationally efficient than its time‐domain counterpart.
Preclinical Development of the Anti-LAG-3 Antibody REGN3767: Characterization and Activity in Combination with the Anti-PD-1 Antibody Cemiplimab in Human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i> –Knockin Mice (2019)

In the tumor microenvironment, multiple inhibitory checkpoint receptors can suppress T-cell function, thereby enabling tumor immune evasion. Blockade of one of these checkpoint receptors, PD-1, with therapeutic antibodies has produced positive clinical responses in various cancers; however, the efficacy of this approach can be further improved. Simultaneously targeting multiple inhibitory checkpoint receptors has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy. Here, we report the development and characterization of REGN3767, a fully human IgG4 antibody targeting LAG-3, another inhibitory receptor on T cells. REGN3767 binds human and monkey LAG-3 with high affinity and specificity and blocks the interaction of LAG-3 with its ligand, MHC class II. In an engineered T-cell/antigen-presenting cell bioassay, REGN3767 alone, or in combination with cemiplimab (REGN2810, human anti-PD-1 antibody), blocked inhibitory signaling to T cells mediated by hLAG-3/MHCII in the presence of PD-1/PD-L1. To test the <i>in vivo</i> activity of REGN3767 alone or in combination with cemiplimab, we generated human <i>PD-1xLAG-3</i> knockin mice, in which the extracellular domains of mouse <i>Pdcd1</i> and <i>Lag3</i> were replaced with their human counterparts. In these humanized mice, treatment with cemiplimab and REGN3767 showed increased efficacy in a mouse tumor model and enhanced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines by tumor-specific T cells. The favorable pharmacokinetics and toxicology of REGN3767 in nonhuman primates, together with enhancement of antitumor efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody in preclinical tumor models, support its clinical development.
The Phosphatase Inhibitor Menadione (Vitamin K3) Protects Cells from EGFR Inhibition by Erlotinib and Cetuximab (2011)

Menadione at nontoxic concentrations causes EGFR activation and prevents EGFR dephosphorylation by erlotinib and cetuximab. This effect seems to be mediated by ROS generation and secondary phosphatase inhibition. Mild oxidative stress in skin keratinocytes by topical menadione may protect the skin from the toxicity secondary to EGFR inhibitors without causing cytotoxicity.
Transform for inter-layer prediction residues in scalable video coding (2013)

Inter-layer prediction is an important tool in scalable video coding schemes. With inter-layer prediction, the encoder can eliminate redundancy between the layers and improve compression efficiency. In this paper, the characteristics of inter-layer prediction residues are investigated and an improved transform scheme is presented. Compared to traditional schemes using DCT-II as the spatial transform, the proposed scheme introduces two additional transforms. These additional transforms are designed in a way such that they may better capture the dominant components in interlayer prediction residues while their implementation can reuse the transform modules in existing codecs. Results obtained with SHVC reference software SMuC0.1.1 show that the proposed method can improve the coding efficiency with negligible increase in the encoding complexity.
Graphene-based materials for flexible supercapacitors (2015)

The demand for flexible/wearable electronic devices that have aesthetic appeal and multi-functionality has stimulated the rapid development of flexible supercapacitors with enhanced electrochemical performance and mechanical flexibility. After a brief introduction to flexible supercapacitors, we summarize current progress made with graphene-based electrodes. Two recently proposed prototypes for flexible supercapacitors, known as micro-supercapacitors and fiber-type supercapacitors, are then discussed. We also present our perspective on the development of graphene-based electrodes for flexible supercapacitors.
Indium Oxide as a Superior Catalyst for Methanol Synthesis by CO<sub>2</sub> Hydrogenation (2016)

Methanol synthesis by CO2 hydrogenation is attractive in view of avoiding the environmental implications associated with the production of the traditional syngas feedstock and mitigating global warming. However, there still is a lack of efficient catalysts for such alternative processes. Herein, we unveil the high activity, 100 % selectivity, and remarkable stability for 1000 h on stream of In2 O3 supported on ZrO2 under industrially relevant conditions. This strongly contrasts to the benchmark Cu-ZnO-Al2 O3 catalyst, which is unselective and experiences rapid deactivation. In-depth characterization of the In2 O3 -based materials points towards a mechanism rooted in the creation and annihilation of oxygen vacancies as active sites, whose amount can be modulated in situ by co-feeding CO and boosted through electronic interactions with the zirconia carrier. These results constitute a promising basis for the design of a prospective technology for sustainable methanol production.
Fluorescence detection-FIA for ppb levels of bromate with trifluoperazine (2009)

The fluorescence of tifluoperazine at EX:300 nm and EM:485 nm was changed into non-fluorescent substance in the presence of bromate under acidic conditions, and the fluorescence detection-FIA of trace amounts of the bromate was developed using this phenomenon. In the concentration range of 1-15 μg L -1 , the bromate analysis was able to obtain a good straight line and eighteen samples per hour were measured. For 7.5 μg L -1 of bromate, the relative standard deviation(RSD) was 2.03 %(n=5) and the detection limit (3σ) was 1.47 μg L -1 .
Lens auto-centering (2015)

In a typical optical system, optical elements usually need to be precisely positioned and aligned to perform the correct optical function. This positioning and alignment involves securing the optical element in a holder or mount. Proper centering of an optical element with respect to the holder is a delicate operation that generally requires tight manufacturing tolerances or active alignment, resulting in costly optical assemblies. To optimize optical performance and minimize manufacturing cost, there is a need for a lens mounting method that could relax manufacturing tolerance, reduce assembly time and provide high centering accuracy. This paper presents a patent pending lens mounting method developed at INO that can be compared to the drop-in technique for its simplicity while providing the level of accuracy close to that achievable with techniques using a centering machine (usually < 5 μm). This innovative auto-centering method is based on the use of geometrical relationship between the lens diameter, the lens radius of curvature and the thread angle of the retaining ring. The autocentering principle and centering test results performed on real optical assemblies are presented. In addition to the low assembly time, high centering accuracy, and environmental robustness, the INO auto-centering method has the advantage of relaxing lens and barrel bore diameter tolerances as well as lens wedge tolerances. The use of this novel lens mounting method significantly reduces manufacturing and assembly costs for high performance optical systems. Large volume productions would especially benefit from this advancement in precision lens mounting, potentially providing a drastic cost reduction.
Targeting Chemokine Receptors CCR6 and CXCR2 in A Murine Model Of IL-36a-Induced Pustular Psoriasis (2019)

Abstract Several types of psoriasiform dermatitis are associated with increased IL-36 cytokine activity in the skin. A rare but severe psoriasis-like disorder, generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP), is linked to loss-of-function mutations in the gene encoding IL-36RA, an important negative regulator of IL-36 signaling. To understand the effects of IL-36 dysregulation in a mouse model, we studied skin inflammation induced by intradermal injections of pre-activated IL-36α. This type of inflammation was characterized by markedly increased total skin thickness and epidermal thickness. The inflammation was accompanied by increased concentrations of CCR6 and CXCR2 ligand chemokines in the skin, and large accumulations of CD4 T cells, neutrophils, and inflammatory DC. The accumulated inflammatory subsets in IL-36α-treated skin all expressed either CCR6 or CXCR2 to some extent, prompting the hypothesis that increased CCR6 and CXCR2 ligand concentrations in IL-36α-treated skin might constitute a viable target for relieving inflammation in this model. We found that the orally bioavailable small molecule CCR6/CXCR2 antagonist CCX624 did indeed reverse inflammatory cell accumulation in skin, as well as decrease total skin thickness and epidermal thickness. CCX624 was effective in both prophylactic and therapeutic dosing regimens. CCX624 treatment was more effective than saturating doses of anti-TNFα or anti-IL17RA, which are used in the clinic for treating GPP as first or second line treatments (respectively). These findings put CCR6 and CXCR2 forward as novel targets for a mechanistically distinct therapeutic approach for inflammatory skin diseases involving dysregulated IL-36 signaling, such as GPP.
An Asynchronous NOC Architecture Providing Low Latency Service and Its Multi-Level Design Framework (2005)

The demands of scalable, low latency and power efficient system-on-chip interconnect cannot only be satisfied by point-to-point or shared-bus interconnects. In this paper, we propose a new asynchronous network-on-chip (NOC) architecture which provides low latency transfers. This architecture is implemented as a GALS system, where chip units are built as synchronous islands, connected together using a delay insensitive asynchronous network-on-chip topology. The proposed NOC protocol and its asynchronous implementation are presented as well as the multi-level modeling approach using SystemC language and transaction-level-modeling. Preliminary simulation results show that the asynchronous NOC can offer 5 Gbytes/s throughput in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Translating relevance scores to probabilities for contextual advertising (2009)

Information retrieval systems conventionally assess document relevance using the bag of words model. Consequently, relevance scores of documents retrieved for different queries are often difficult to compare, as they are computed on different (or even disjoint) sets of textual features. Many tasks, such as federation of search results or global thresholding of relevance scores, require that scores be globally comparable. To achieve this, in this paper we propose methods for non-monotonic transformation of relevance scores into probabilities for a contextual advertising selection engine that uses a vector space model. The calibration of the raw scores is based on historical click data.
THz-Pulse-Driven Electron Post-Accelerators (2018)

Because of their suitable wavelength and temporal period, THz pulses with extremely high field strength are ideal for driving particle accelerators. Here we give an overview of the possibilities and challenges of THz-pulse-driven electron post accelerators.
Wavelength management in time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (TWDM-PONs) (2012)

Time and wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (TWDM-PON) is one of the most promising candidates of the next generation optical access system beyond 10Gb/s. The TWDM-PON system stacks multiple 10Gigabit PONs (XG-PONs) by employing tunable transmitters and tunable receivers at ONUs. In the TWDM-PON media access control (MAC) layer, wavelength management becomes a critical issue of resource sharing and assignment. In this paper, we propose a mechanism to manage multiple wavelengths in the TWDM-PON system. We also model this problem by using multiprocessor scheduling analysis. Two types of heuristic algorithms have been proposed to relax the NP-hard complexity problem and promote online implementation. A TWDM-PON prototype system has been built to evaluate its performance. The proposed two algorithms have been implemented in the prototype system to test their wavelength tuning cost and load balancing capability. Analysis and test demonstrate salient results. To the authors' best knowledge, this is the first work of implementing the multiple wavelength management mechanism in an actual TWDM-PON prototype system, and the reported results in this paper benefit the ongoing next generation passive optical network stage 2 (NG-PON2) research and standards efforts.
Characterization and Correction of Relative Humidity Measurements from Vaisala RS80-A Radiosondes at Cold Temperatures (2001)

Radiosonde relative humidity (RH) measurements are known to be unreliable at cold temperatures. This study characterizes radiosonde RH measurements from Vaisala RS80-A thin-film capacitive sensors in the temperature range 0 to 70C. Sources of measurement error are identified, and two approaches for correcting the errors are presented. The corrections given in this paper apply only to the Vaisala RS80-A sensor, although the RS80-H sensor is briefly discussed for comparison.
Bistable Large‐Strain Actuation of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks (2012)

The bistable electroactive polymer is a new smart material capable of large strain, rigid-to-rigid actuation. At the rubbery state of the polymer heated to above its glass transition, stable electrically-induced actuation is obtained at strains as large as 150%. Electromechanical instability can be effectively overcome by the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks. An application as a refreshable braille display is demonstrated.
Planar He plasma jet: plasma bullets formation, 2D bullets concept and\n imaging (2018)

Applications of dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) based atmospheric pressure\nplasma jets are often limited by the relatively small area of treatment due to\ntheir 1D configuration. This letter describes the first results demonstrating\ngeneration of 2D plasma bullets and 2D plasma jets permitting fast treatment of\nlarge targets. Imaging of pulsed DBD in He and ionization wave propagation\nalong the dielectric surface show that DBD evolution starts with formation of\ntransient anode glow, and only then continues with development of\ncathode-directed streamers. The anode glow can propagate as an ionization wave\nalong the dielectric surface outside of the discharge gap. We show that plasma\nbullets propagation is not limited to 1D geometry (tubes), and can be organized\nin a form of a planar plasma jet, or other 2D (or even 3D) shapes.\n
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of UDP-<i>N</i>-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB) from<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2001)

UDP-N-acetylenolpyruvylglucosamine reductase (MurB) is an essential enzyme in the bacterial cell-wall biosynthetic pathway, making it a potential therapeutic target for novel antibiotics. Diffraction-quality crystals of both the native and Se-methionine-expressed MurB from Staphylococcus aureus have been prepared by sitting-drop vapour diffusion from solutions containing polyethylene glycol (PEG) 8000, ammonium sulfate, sodium cacodylate pH 6.5 and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Crystals belong to the cubic space group I2(1)3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = c = 178.99 A. X-ray data from these crystals were collected at the Advanced Photon Source 17-ID beamline and were used to solve the MurB structure to 2.3 A resolution.
Coil‐by‐coil image reconstruction with SMASH (2001)

Abstract The SiMultaneous Acquisition of Spatial Harmonics (SMASH) technique uses linear combinations of undersampled datasets from the component coils of an RF coil array to reconstruct fully sampled composite datasets in reduced imaging times. In previously reported implementations, SMASH reconstructions were designed to reproduce the images that would otherwise be obtained by simple sums of fully gradient encoded component coil images. This strategy has left SMASH images vulnerable to phase cancellation artifacts when the sensitivities of RF coil array elements are not suitably phase‐aligned. In fully gradient encoded imaging schemes these artifacts can be eliminated using a variety of methods for combining the individual coil images, including matched filter combinations as well as sum of squares combinations. Until now, these reconstruction schemes have been unavailable to SMASH reconstructions as SMASH produced a final composite image directly from the raw component coil k ‐space datasets. This article demonstrates a modification to SMASH that allows reconstruction of a full set of accelerated individual component coil images by fitting component coil sensitivity functions to a complete set of spatial harmonics tailored for each coil in the array. Standard component coil combinations applied to the individual reconstructed images produce final composite images free of phase cancellation artifacts. Magn Reson Med 46:619–623, 2001. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐Assembling Peptides as Cell‐Interactive Scaffolds (2011)

Abstract Cell and tissue engineering therapies for regenerative medicine as well as cell‐based assays require an understanding of the interactions between cells with the surrounding microenvironment at the nanoscale. Engineering a cell‐interactive scaffold therefore entails control over the nanostructure of the biomaterial. Peptides that are able to self‐assemble into 3D scaffolds have emerged as interesting biomaterials for directing cell behavior, with desirable properties such as the capability of tuning the nanostructure by modulating the amino acid composition. Here, an overview of the development of self‐assembling peptide hydrogels as functional cell scaffolds is presented, highlighting recent work on incorporating features such as bioactive ligands, growth factor delivery, controlled degradation, and formulation into microgels for defined cell microenvironments.
Optical switching in a resonant tunneling structure (1991)

We describe the interaction of light pulses with a GaAs/AlAs resonant tunneling structure. We demonstrate that light with an average power of less than 10 μW can induce switching, and show that switching is accompanied by a change in the optical absorption. These results suggest a number of new applications for the resonant tunneling structure, including light-by-light switching.
Phase modulated 3-phase pole changing windings (1986)

The principle of phase modulation is described and methods of design are developed which enable 3-phase induction motors to be changed in speed using simple 6-lead switching of a single winding. The method of switching relies on special 3-parallel path connections which are derived by a novel ‘self paralleling’ process. Three elemental windings are combined in such a way that the three parallel paths can be formed within a resultant single winding. The flexibility of design is more limited by comparison with the longer established method of pole-amplitude modulation, but good designs are possible for two speeds in close ratio particularly for constant-torque and constant-power duties. Examples are included together with results of tests on a trial 8/10-pole motor.
Antibody against an Anaplasma marginale MSP5 epitope common to tick and erythrocyte stages identifies persistently infected cattle (1996)

A protein epitope of major surface protein 5 (MSP5), defined by monoclonal antibody (MAb) ANAF16C1, is conserved among Anaplasma species (E. S. Visser, T. C. McGuire, G. H. Palmer, W. C. Davis, V. Shkap, E. Pipano, and D. P. Knowles, Jr., Infect. Immun. 60:5139-5144, 1992) and is expressed in the salivary glands of infected ticks. A competitive inhibition ELISA (cELISA) for the detection of bovine anti-MSP5 antibodies was developed by using purified recombinant MSP5 fusion protein and MAb ANAF16C1. The specificity of the recombinant-MSP5 cELISA within North America was established by using 261 serum samples from cattle in the regions of Hawaii and Northern Ontario where anaplasmosis is not endemic and from cattle proven by splenectomy or subinoculation of whole blood into susceptible splenectomized recipients to be uninfected. The maximum percent inhibition by these sera was 18%. Sera known to be positive were obtained from 35 cattle either experimentally inoculated with infected erythrocytes or exposed to infected Dermacentor andersoni ticks. Thirty-four of the 35 serum samples inhibited MAb ANAF16C1 binding by > or = 25%. During acute infection, the MSP5 cELISA detected antibodies prior to or concomitantly with the appearance of rickettsiae in erythrocytes. Antibodies were detectable in sera from persistently infected cattle inoculated as long as 6 years previously.
<i>ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE2</i> confers fungal resistance in sorghum (2022)

Abstract Sorghum is an important food and feed crop globally; its production is hampered by anthracnose disease caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum sublineola ( Cs ). Here, we report identification and characterization of ANTHRACNOSE RESISTANCE GENE 2 ( ARG2 ) encoding a nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein that confers race-specific resistance to Cs strains. ARG2 is one of a cluster of several NLR genes in the sorghum differential line SC328C that is resistant to some Cs strains. This cluster shows structural and copy number variations in different sorghum genotypes. Different sorghum variants carrying independent ARG2 alleles provided the genetic validation for the identity of the ARG2 gene. ARG2 expression is induced by Cs , and chitin induce ARG2 expression in resistant but not in susceptible lines. ARG2-mediated resistance is accompanied by higher expression of defense and secondary metabolite genes at early stages of infection, and anthocyanin and zeatin metabolisms are upregulated in resistant plants. Interestingly, ARG2 localizes to the plasma membrane when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana . Importantly, ARG2 plants produced higher shoot dry matter than near-isogenic lines carrying the susceptible allele suggesting absence of an ARG2 associated growth trade-off. Further, ARG2-mediated resistance is stable at a wide range of temperatures. Our observations open avenues for resistance breeding and for dissecting mechanisms of resistance.
Supported Iron Nanoparticles as Catalysts for Sustainable Production of Lower Olefins (2012)

Lower olefins are key building blocks for the manufacture of plastics, cosmetics, and drugs. Traditionally, olefins with two to four carbons are produced by steam cracking of crude oil-derived naphtha, but there is a pressing need for alternative feedstocks and processes in view of supply limitations and of environmental issues. Although the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis has long offered a means to convert coal, biomass, and natural gas into hydrocarbon derivatives through the intermediacy of synthesis gas (a mixture of molecular hydrogen and carbon monoxide), selectivity toward lower olefins tends to be low. We report on the conversion of synthesis gas to C(2) through C(4) olefins with selectivity up to 60 weight percent, using catalysts that constitute iron nanoparticles (promoted by sulfur plus sodium) homogeneously dispersed on weakly interactive α-alumina or carbon nanofiber supports.