gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A phase I safety study of topical calcitriol (BPM 31543) for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA). (2017)

e14064 Background: Chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) may lead to significant psychosocial and quality of life issues. Currently there are no FDA approved oral or topical agents available to prevent CIA. In murine studies, topical calcitriol reduced CIA, likely due to arrest of cell cycle in healthy hair follicles, and reduction in the sensitivity of follicular epithelium to chemotherapy. Methods: A prospective dose escalation study is being performed in up to 31 women with breast cancer, gynecologic cancer and sarcomas. Each patient is applying 1mL of BPM 31543 to her scalp BID, ≥ 5 days prior to initiation of taxane-based chemotherapy for at least 3 months or until the completion of chemotherapy. The study cohorts are: 5/10/20/40/60/80 μg/mL. All 6 cohorts have been completely enrolled. Each patient undergoes PK analysis, adverse event (AE) monitoring, patient self-assessment diaries (1-10 scale), and blinded photographic assessments. Results: Twenty-eight patients have been enrolled (evaluable, n = 21). PK data (n = 21; 5-80 μg/mL) showed inter-individual variability, with increases in serum vitamin D in the 10/20/40/60/80 μg/mL cohorts (range, < 21.3-110 pg/mL). Treatment-related AEs (probably/possibly) were mild/moderate in nature and included scalp pain (n = 1; 5 μg/mL), elevated vitamin D levels in 3 patients (20/40/60 μg/mL) and passage of renal calculus in another (n = 1; 40 μg/mL). A clinical response was observed at each dose level. The study will be complete and final study data will be available and presented at ASCO. Conclusions: Data have shown that the twice daily application of BPM 31543 in patients receiving taxane-based chemotherapy was safe and well-tolerated. The Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) was not detected. No Dose Limiting Toxicities (DLTs) or severe treatment-related adverse events occurred in any of the dose cohort. A signal of efficacy was detected at each dose level. Clinical trial information: NCT01588522.
Circuit Details and Application Note for a Versatile Plasma Probe (1974)

Abstract : A plasma-probe circuit has been developed which couples standard Langmuir-probe diagnostic procedures with pulse-mode operation. Circuit versatility provides the means for studying time-dependent phenomena and establishes an improved capability for measuring plasma density and temperature. As an application of the circuit, it is shown that pulse-mode operation reduces the time variance of electrode surface conditions which often cause hysteresis in the Langmuir-probe current-voltage characteristic.
Finding optimal views for 3D face shape modeling (2004)

A fundamental problem in multi-view 3D face modeling is the determination of the set of optimal views (poses) required for accurate 3D shape estimation of a generic face. There is no analytical solution to this problem, instead (partial) solutions require (near) exhaustive combinatorial search, hence the inherent computational difficulty of this task. We build on our previous modeling framework, which uses an efficient contour-based silhouette method and extend it by aggressive pruning of the view-sphere with view clustering and various imaging constraints. A multi-view optimization search is performed using both model-based (eigenheads) and data-driven (visual hull) methods, yielding comparable best views. These constitute the first reported set of optimal views for 3D face shape capture and provide useful empirical guidelines for the design of 3D face recognition systems.
Optimization of Chemical Bath‐Deposited Cadmium Sulfide on InP Using a Novel Sulfur Pretreatment (1999)

A thiourea/ammonia pretreatment followed by chemical bath deposition of cadmium sulfide was used to passivate the surface of indium phosphide (100). The pretreatment was shown by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy to effectively remove native oxides from the InP surface and form an indium sulfide layer. The subsequent chemical bath deposition of CdS on a sulfur‐passivated surface forms a stable layer that protects the substrate from oxidation during chemical vapor deposition of . The passivation process was optimized for electrical response by varying the reactant concentrations of the chemical bath. Reflection high‐energy electron‐diffraction (RHEED) analysis showed that the pretreatment results in a (1 × 1) surface, which reconstructs to (2 × 1) after heating in vacuo to 200°C. RHEED and atomic force microscopy showed an increase in CdS surface roughness with increasing thickness corresponding to the formation of oriented surface asperities. CdS‐passivated metal‐insulator‐semiconductor diodes exhibited a density of interface states of when calculated by the high‐low method, more than one order of magnitude lower than the of untreated metal‐insulator‐semiconductor samples. A CdS layer thickness of ∼ 10 Å was determined to yield optimal capacitance‐voltage response for all CdS deposition conditions investigated. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Low temperature formation of C54–TiSi2 using titanium alloys (1997)

We demonstrate that the temperature at which the C49 TiSi2 phase transforms to the C54 TiSi2 phase can be lowered more than 100 °C by alloying Ti with small amounts of Mo, Ta, or Nb. Titanium alloy blanket films, containing from 1 to 20 at. % Mo, Ta, or Nb were deposited onto undoped polycrystalline Si substrates. The temperature at which the C49–C54 transformation occurs during annealing at constant ramp rate was determined by in situ sheet resistance and x-ray diffraction measurements. Tantalum and niobium additions reduce the transformation temperature without causing a large increase in resistivity of the resulting C54 TiSi2 phase, while Mo additions lead to a large increase in resistivity. Titanium tantalum alloys were also used to form C54 TiSi2 on isolated regions of arsenic doped Si(100) and polycrystalline Si having linewidths ranging from 0.13 to 0.56 μm. The C54 phase transformation temperature was lowered by over 100 °C for both the blanket and fine line samples. As the concentration of Mo, Ta, or Nb in the Ti alloys increase, or as the linewidth decreases, an additional diffraction peak appears in in situ x-ray diffraction which is consistent with increasing amounts of the higher resistivity C40 silicide phase.
Mask-edge defects in hybrid orientation direct-Si-bonded substrates recrystallized by solid phase epitaxy after patterned amorphization (2007)

Solid phase epitaxy (SPE) of patterned amorphized Si regions in direct-Si-bonded (DSB) hybrid orientation substrates is complicated by the fact that the amorphized Si regions being recrystallized have sides and bases formed from different Si crystals. In DSB wafers with a Si (011) DSB layer on a Si (001) handle wafer, the competition between lateral and vertical SPE produces distinctively angled mask-edge defects and recrystallization fronts. Some mask edges exhibit triangular bands of defective Si bounded by DSB and handle wafer {111} planes meeting at 90° angles, while other mask edges are relatively defect free, but can have downward-pointing facets of Si (011) growing below the DSB interface. A simple model recently developed to explain trench-edge defect formation and faceted recrystallization in bulk single-orientation Si appears to explain all of these observations.
Improvements in Heavy Topside Installation Onto Spar Hull by Catamaran Floatover Method (2013)

The Murphy Kikeh Spar in Malaysia was the first Spar to employ a catamaran floatover method to install the topsides onto the Spar hull at the platform offshore location. The single column hull of the Spar dictates that the most practical way to float a topsides onto the Spar hull is by use of a catamaran system where the topsides structure forms a connection between the twin barges. For the Kikeh Spar the topside was first loaded out onto a single barge before being transferred to the catamaran system. The transfer operation was performed in sheltered waters. After the transfer and installation of the seafastening, the topside was towed to the installation site. The transfer of the topside weight was accomplished by deballasting the Spar and no quick release mechanism was used in the separation of the topside from the catamaran barges. While the operations described were successfully implemented for the 4,000 MT Kikeh topside in a relative mild environment, improvements are recommended to perform this operation for heaver topsides in harsher environments such as the Gulf of Mexico. This paper summarizes an internal study by Technip to extend and improve the floatover installation of Spar topsides to the Gulf of Mexico. This paper presents a step-by-step overview of an improved process for the installation of topsides having transportation weights of up to 25,000 ST. Similarities and improvements compared with Kikeh floatover installation will be discussed with particular focus on the following areas: 1. A new method of loading out of the topsides from the fabrication yard directly to the catamaran barges, requiring only one operation and eliminating the need for a transfer barge. 2. Specific Catamaran Ocean tow design and analysis considerations for the Gulf of Mexico. This addresses the effects of the harsher environment on the barges, grillage and topsides structure. A novel method of preloading the catamaran system is presented that reduces or, in some instances, eliminates the requirement for additional topside steel weight to accommodate additional motion-induced dynamic loads on the catamaran system during the ocean tow. The preloading also eliminates the risk associated with the operation of cutting tied-down braces. 3. A quick load release system is described which enables the rapid separation of the barges from the topside following the appropriate level of topside load transfer to the Spar hull.
Quinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. 84. Synthesis and reactions of imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepines (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuinazolines and 1,4-benzodiazepines. 84. Synthesis and reactions of imidazo[1,5-a][1,4]benzodiazepinesArmin Walser, Louis E. Benjamin, Thomas Flynn, Carl Mason, Robert Schwartz, and R. Ian FryerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 5, 936–944Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00399a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00399a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1747Altmetric-Citations88LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and electrochemistry of pseudocapacitive multilayer fullerenes and MnO<sub>2</sub>nanocomposites (2013)

Electrode materials with efficient capabilities for ionic and electronic transport are key to high performance supercapacitors. Here, we demonstrate a simple and comparatively low temperature synthesis of functionalized multilayer fullerenes so called carbon nano-onions (CNOs) as the electrode for high performance electrochemical supercapacitors. The exohedral type supercapacitor formed due to nonporous CNOs showed higher specific capacitance than conventional graphitic/mesoporous/activated carbons. Surface redox functionalities of these CNOs add up to significant pseudocapacitance. Further in situ incorporation of MnO2 nanoparticles to these CNOs increased the specific capacitance up to 1207 F g−1, which is close to the theoretical value of pseudocapacitive MnO2.
P2–165: A multi–analyte panel of six CSF biomarkers classifies AD and control in pathologically confirmed Alzheimer subjects within the OPTIMA cohort (2006)

A key goal within the Alzheimer's Disease (AD) research community is the early clinical detection and diagnosis of AD in patients who are at risk, or present with symptoms, of the disease. In addition to the standard clinical criteria, much effort in the field is aimed at identifying biochemical and imaging biomarkers. In a collaborative effort to discover early biomarkers of AD between OPTIMA (the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Aging, UK) and Merck Research Laboratories, we have utilized a panel of six previously validated and commercially available CSF biochemical assays for APP catabolites (Aβ40, Aβ42, sAPPα, sAPPβ) and tau (tTau, pTau–181). These biochemical markers were measured in the CSF of pathologically confirmed AD (N=27) and clinically evaluated control cases (N=29). Univariate results from samples taken from AD patients confirmed literature findings that Aβ42, tTau and pTau–181 were statistically different from control cases (p<0.0001). In addition, significant differences were found also with Aβ40 (p<0.0001), sAPPα (p<0.01), and sAPPβ (p<0.001). A multi–analyte model using Linear Discriminant Analysis on the optimal composite of Aβ42, tTau and pTau achieved 95% specificity and 99% sensitivity for discriminating post–mortem confirmed AD from healthy control subjects (classification error rates were determined from 50 replicates of 10–fold cross validation). The relationship between these markers and memory impairment will be presented. The multi–analyte model built from the first study on severe AD (cohort average MMSE of 8) was applied in a second case–controlled study (N = 29 AD with cohort average MMSE of 10 vs N=29 control samples), yielding 100% sensitivity and 93% specificity for discriminating pathologically confirmed AD from healthy control subjects. Importantly, a number of these pathologically confirmed AD patients had mild cognitive impairment when the CSF samples were collected. Taken together, these findings obtained from the first post–mortem confirmed case analysis, validate the use of specific CSF markers in support of the detection and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.
Effect of surface physicochemical properties on the flocculation behavior of Bacillus licheniformis (2017)

Flocculation model of<italic>B. licheniformis</italic>CGMCC 2876 deduced by XDLVO and surface thermodynamic characterization.
Efforts to remove aqueous lithium ion using Octolig® and methylated derivatives (2018)

Aqueous Li<sup>+</sup> - containing samples (in DI water or well water) were eluted over Octolig®, a polyethylenediimine covalently attached to a high- surface-area silica gel, and only slight removal, if any, could be claimed. However, when using tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a solvent we quantitatively removed lithium ion with Octolig® or with alkylated Octolig®, demonstrating the efficacy of Octolig® and lack of advantage of a N, N'-dialkylated Octolig®. In addition, the removal of alkali metal ions (lithium, sodium, and potassium) in THF by Octolig® was partially selective: While being quantitative for lithium it was only about 40% for potassium. The study has potential implications for using geothermal brines not only as a heat source, but as a source of lithium as well.
Recent advances in avalanche photodiodes (1985)

In the past few years, as long-wavelength lightwave systems have pushed toward ever higher bit rates, it has become evident that avalanche photodetectors (APDs) will be required to obtain maximum receiver sensitivities. Fortunately, great strides have been made in these devices since the early work on simple InGaAsP and InGaAs homojunction structures. However, much more complex structures with stringent design criteria have been required to achieve these improvements.
Electro-luminescent cooling: light emitting diodes above unity efficiency (2013)

Experimental demonstration of net electro-luminescent cooling in a diode, or equivalently electroluminescence with wall-plug efficiency greater than unity, had eluded direct observation for more than five decades. We review experiments demonstrating light emission from a light-emitting diode in which the electron population is pumped by a combination of electrical work and heat.
Speed and flux estimation for an induction motor without position sensor (1999)

In this paper, a novel speed and flux estimation scheme for torque control of an induction motor (IM) without a position sensor is presented. The speed estimator constitutes an algebraic system with pseudo current and voltage signals and their observable derivatives as inputs. The proposed scheme is computationally efficient, it provides accurate speed and flux estimations at low speed and for different operating modes of IM. Various simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the potential and practicality of the approach.
Terahertz Switch Based on Waveguide-Cavity-Waveguide Comprising Cylindrical Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton (2015)

This paper demonstrates a terahertz (THz) switch that comprises a metallic perfect conductor in the form of periodically corrugated cylindrical waveguides surrounding a dielectric medium consisting of GaAs compound semiconductor. The proposed switch deploys a composite waveguide-cavity-waveguide structure. The switch controls its state by dynamically altering the optical properties of an engineered nonlinear material inside the cavity, while the corrugated waveguides on both sides of the cavity are incorporated to limit the propagation of electromagnetic (EM) waves at nearly THz frequencies only. At the resonant frequency, the corrugated waveguide allows strong EM confinement inside the grooves. The cavity has been designed to achieve a high quality factor as well as to trap EM waves for a significant period of time. Small changes in the GaAs refractive index inside the grooves can alter the cavity resonant frequency. Localized doping near the metal conductor inside the cavity is implemented so that by applying a voltage between the metal electrode and the depletion region in the dielectric medium, the switch can be altered from the ON state to the OFF state, and vice versa.
Gallium nitrate for acute treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia: clinicopharmacological and dose response analysis. (1986)

Current treatment of cancer-related hypercalcemia is limited by agents of limited effectiveness or excessive toxicity. Gallium nitrate is a new drug which both inhibits bone resorption and increases calcium content of bone. We have now treated 39 episodes of hypercalcemia with gallium nitrate administered as a continuous i.v. infusion for 5-7 days at 3 daily dose levels (100 and 200 mg/m2, and 50 mg/m2 by brief infusion followed by 150 mg/m2). Nadir calcium values were significantly lower (9.2 +/- 1.5 mg/dl) for patients who received the highest dose relative to patients who received the lowest dose (10.5 +/- 1.6 mg/dl, P less than 0.001). While the actual percentage of patients who achieved normocalcemia was higher at the highest dose relative to the lowest dose (86 versus 60%), this difference was not statistically significant. Mean serum concentration of inorganic phosphorous declined significantly for all patients from 2.9 +/- 0.86 mg/dl at base line to 1.8 +/- 0.66 mg/dl (P less than 0.001). Pharmacokinetic studies suggested that a threshold plasma gallium concentration of approximately 1 microgram/ml must be attained to achieve acute normalization of elevated serum calcium levels. Steady-state plasma gallium levels were attained after 48 h; there was no evidence of drug accumulation in plasma after 2 days. Effects on serum creatinine concentration were negligible, and there were no other toxic reactions. These data confirm preclinical experiments which suggested that inhibition of bone resorption by gallium nitrate is dependent upon the dose and duration of drug exposure. We conclude that gallium nitrate is effective treatment for cancer-related hypercalcemia. The drug is now being evaluated against standard treatment in a randomized, double-blind trial.
Creating contour gradients using 3D bevels (2013)

Contour gradients have color contours that follow the shape of the path being filled. Existing algorithms cannot create them in a resolution- and scale-independent way, causing visible rendering artifacts if enlarged. We describe a new method that approximates them with a set of paths filled by linear gradients. A 3D bevel of the path being filled gives both the shape of these paths and the information needed to compute gradient vectors for the linear gradients. Our representation is efficient, compact, and both resolution and scale independent.
Hardware module-based message authentication in intra-vehicle networks (2017)

The Controller Area Network (CAN) is a widely used industry-standard intra-vehicle broadcast network that connects the Electronic Control Units (ECUs) which control most car systems. The CAN contains substantial vulnerabilities that can be exploited by attackers to gain control of the vehicle, due to its lack of security measures. To prevent an attacker from sending malicious messages through the CAN bus to take over a vehicle, we propose the addition of a secure hardware-based module, or Security ECU (SECU), onto the CAN bus. The SECU can perform key distribution and message verification, as well as corrupting malicious messages before they are fully received by an ECU. Only software modification is needed for existing ECUs, without changing the CAN protocol. This provides backward compatibility with existing CAN systems. Furthermore, we collect 6.673 million CAN bus messages from various cars, and find that the CAN messages collectively have low entropy, with an average of 11.915 bits. This finding motivates our proposal for CAN bus message compression, which allows us to significantly reduce message size to fit the message and its message authentication code (MAC) within one CAN frame, enabling fast authentication. Since ECUs only need to generate the MACs (and not verify them), the delay and computation overhead are also reduced compared to traditional authentication mechanisms. Our authentication mechanism is implemented on a realistic testbed using industry standard MCP2551 CAN transceivers and Raspberry Pi embedded systems. Experimental results demonstrate that our mechanism can achieve real-time message authentication on the CAN bus with minimal latency.
Statistical Machine Translation for Query Expansion in Answer Retrieval (2007)

We present an approach to query expan-sion in answer retrieval that uses Statisti-cal Machine Translation (SMT) techniques to bridge the lexical gap between ques-tions and answers. SMT-based query ex-pansion is done by i) using a full-sentence paraphraser to introduce synonyms in con-text of the entire query, and ii) by trans-lating query terms into answer terms us-ing a full-sentence SMT model trained on question-answer pairs. We evaluate these global, context-aware query expansion tech-niques on tfidf retrieval from 10 million question-answer pairs extracted from FAQ pages. Experimental results show that SMT-based expansion improves retrieval perfor-mance over local expansion and over re-trieval without expansion. 1