gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ModFlows: Methods for Studying and Managing Mesh Editing Workflows (2014)

At the heart of computer games and computer generated films lies 3D content creation. A student wanting to learn how to create and edit 3D meshes can quickly find thousands of videos explaining the workflow process. These videos are a popular medium due to a simple setup that minimally interrupts the artist's workflow, but video recordings can be quite challenging to watch. Typical mesh editing sessions involve several hours of work and thousands of operations, which means the video recording can be too long to stay interesting if played back at real-time speed or lose too much information when sped up. Moreover, regardless of the playback speed, a high-level overview is quite difficult to construct from long editing sessions. In this thesis, we present our research into methods for studying how artists create and edit polygonal models and for helping manage collaborative work. We start by describing two approaches to automatically summarizing long editing workflows to provide a high-level overview as well as details on demand. The summarized results are presented in an interactive viewer with many features, including overlaying visual annotations to indicate the artist's actions, coloring regions to indicate strength of change, and filtering the workflow to specific 3D regions of interest. We evaluate the robustness of our two approaches by testing against a variety of workflows, holding a small case study, and asking artists for feedback. Next we describe a way to construct a plausible and intuitive low-level workflow that turns one of two given meshes into the second by building mesh correspondences. Analogous to text version control tools, we visualize the mesh changes in a two-way, three-way, or sequence diff, and we demonstrate how to merge independent edits of a single original mesh, handling conflicts in a way that preserves the artists' original intentions. We then discuss methods of comparing multiple artists performing similar mesh editing tasks. We build intra- and inter-correspondences, compute pairwise edit distances, and then visualize the distances as a heat map or by embedding into 3D space. We evaluate our methods by asking a professional artist and instructor for feedback. Finally, we discuss possible future directions for this research.
NOUVELLES MOLECULES ORGANIQUES SCINTILLANTES A BASE DE LIQUIDES IONIQUES POUR LA DETECTION ET LA DISCRIMINATION DES RAYONNEMENTS NUCLEAIRES (2011)

The purpose of this study was to analyze new scintillating ionic liquids to be used in detection and neutron gamma discrimination. These molecules were exposed to different kinds of radiation to measure the emitted fluorescence with nanosecond scale. From a fundamental point of view, we studied the interaction between our molecules and nuclear radiation that finally led to the emission of light. Phenomena that cause light emission were divided in two groups. First, fast events, corresponding to molecular excitation phenomena, are visible through the prompt fluorescence. The second group is the one formed by direct or indirect ionizations responsible of charge pairs creation and giving rise to delayed fluorescence. Comparing these two fluorescence components, we could determine the yield among the various processes taking place in the matter and hence, we were able to characterize the medium's response to excitation. Then, using a model that describes dense matter, we found that pair recombination obeys to an inverse time power law, which corresponds to the transport processes leading to charge pair extinction. From an experimental point of view, a systematic study was performed on how the cation, anion and alkyl chain length influenced the discrimination capabilities of scintillating ionic liquids. We were able to create a simple model on charge recombination in these media. We concluded that recombination is localized or due to intermolecular phenomena among anion, cation and the oxazole group. A direct relation was found between discrimination and the chosen cation. Observations led us to deduce that the best cation for discrimination was the imidazolium.
Time-Gated DNA Photonic Wires with Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Cascades Initiated by a Luminescent Terbium Donor (2015)

Functional DNA nanotechnology is a rapidly growing area of research with many prospective photonic applications, including roles as wires and switches, logic operators, and smart biological probes and delivery vectors. Photonic wire constructs are one such example and comprise a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) cascade between fluorescent dyes arranged periodically along a DNA scaffold. To date, the majority of research on photonic wires has focused on setting new benchmarks for efficient energy transfer over more steps and across longer distances, using almost exclusively organic fluorescent dyes and strictly DNA structures. Here, we expand the range of materials utilized with DNA photonic wires by demonstrating the use of a luminescent terbium complex (Tb) as an initial donor for a four-step FRET cascade along a ∼15 nm long DNA/locked nucleic acid (LNA) photonic wire. The inclusion of LNA nucleotides increases the thermal stability of the photonic wires while the Tb affords time-gated emission measurements and other optical benefits. Time-gating minimizes unwanted background emission, whether from direct excitation of fluorescent dyes along the length of the photonic wire, from excess dye-labeled DNA strands in the sample, or from a biological sample matrix. Observed efficiencies for Tb-to-dye energy transfer are also closer to the predicted values than those for dye-to-dye energy transfer, and the Tb can be used as an initial FRET donor for a variety of next-in-line acceptors at different spectral positions. We show that the key to using the Tb as an effective initial donor is to optimally position the next-in-line acceptor dye in a so-called "sweet spot" where the FRET efficiency is sufficiently high for practicality, but not so high as to suppress time-gated emission by shortening the Tb emission lifetime to within the instrument lag or delay time necessary for measurements. Overall, the initiation of a time-gated FRET cascade with a Tb donor is a very promising strategy for the design, characterization, and application of DNA-based photonic wires and other functional DNA nanostructures.
Optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy of semiconductor nanostructures (2014)

Our recent work on optical two-dimensional coherent spectroscopy (2DCS) of semiconductor materials is reviewed. We present and compare two approaches that are appropriate for the study of semiconductor nanostructures. The first one is based on a non-collinear geometry, where the Four-Wave-Mixing (FWM) signal is detected in the form of a radiated optical field. This approach works for samples with translational symmetry, such as Quantum Wells (QWs), or large and dense ensembles of Quantum Dots (QDs). The second method is based on a collinear geometry, where the FWM is detected in the form of a photocurrent. This second approach enables 2DCS of samples where translational symmetry is broken, such as single QDs, nanowires, or nanotubes, and small ensembles thereof. For each method, we provide an example of experimental results obtained on semiconductor QWs. In particular, it is shown how 2DCS can reveal coherent excitonic coupling between adjacent QWs.
Advances in hematopoietic cell transplant for the treatment of hematologic malignancies (2018)

As immunotherapy increases pre-HCT MRD-negative remissions, and next-generation sequencing-MRD is incorporated to improve the sensitivity of MRD detection, future clinical studies will investigate less toxic HCT approaches to reduce long-term sequelae and to identify which patients may benefit most from early post-HCT intervention to reduce relapse.
Nickel-Catalyzed Coupling of Alkenes, Aldehydes, and Silyl Triflates (2006)

A full account of two recently developed nickel-catalyzed coupling reactions of alkenes, aldehydes, and silyl triflates is presented. These reactions provide either allylic alcohol or homoallylic alcohol derivatives selectively, depending on the ligand employed. These processes are believed to be mechanistically distinct from Lewis acid-catalyzed carbonyl-ene reactions, and several lines of evidence supporting this hypothesis are discussed.
Endosomal Escape and Delivery of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Machinery Enabled by Nanoscale Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (2017)

CRISPR/Cas9 is a combined protein (Cas9) and an engineered single guide RNA (sgRNA) genome editing platform that offers revolutionary solutions to genetic diseases. It has, however, a double delivery problem owning to the large protein size and the highly charged RNA component. In this work, we report the first example of CRISPR/Cas9 encapsulated by nanoscale zeolitic imidazole frameworks (ZIFs) with a loading efficiency of 17% and enhanced endosomal escape promoted by the protonated imidazole moieties. The gene editing potential of CRISPR/Cas9 encapsulated by ZIF-8 (CC-ZIFs) is further verified by knocking down the gene expression of green fluorescent protein by 37% over 4 days. The nanoscale CC-ZIFs are biocompatible and easily scaled-up offering excellent loading capacity and controlled codelivery of intact Cas9 protein and sgRNA.
Activation of Meningeal 5‐HT<sub>2B</sub> Receptors: An Early Step in the Generation of Migraine Headache? (1996)

Several pharmaceuticals are frequently dispensed to prevent or reduce the occurrence of migraine attacks. The prophylactic effect of these drugs has been suggested to be caused through blockade of serotonin (5-HT) receptors of type 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C. To elucidate which of these receptors is involved, we first used radioligand binding assays to determine the pharmacological profile of the human and rat-5-HT2B receptor. Furthermore, the potency of drugs used in migraine prophylaxis to stimulate or inhibit 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C receptor-mediated potency of drugs used in migraine prophylaxis to stimulate or inhibit 5-HT2B or 5-HT2C receptor-mediated phosphatidyl inositol hydrolysis was measured. All these drugs were found to block both human receptors. Correlation of the receptor affinities with the potencies used in migraine prophylaxis showed significant correlations, which were better for the 5-HT2B (P = 0.001) than for the 5-HT2C receptor (P = 0.005). Migraine headache is thought to be transmitted by the trigeminal nerve from the meninges and their blood vessels. Using the reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the expression patterns of all cloned G-protein-coupled serotonin receptors were analysed in various human meningeal tissues. All tissues expressed 5-HT1Dbeta, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, 5-HT4 and 5-HT7 mRNAs. Only trace amounts of 5-HT2C receptor mRNA were found. With organ bath experiments we showed that the 5-HT2B receptor stimulated the relaxation of the pig cerebral artery via the release of nitric oxide. Our data support the hypothesis that 5-HT2B receptors located on endothelial cells of meningeal blood vessels trigger migraine headache through the formation of nitric oxide.
The offset-midpoint traveltime pyramid in transversely isotropic media (2000)

Abstract Prestack Kirchhoff time migration for transversely isotropic media with a vertical symmetry axis (VTI media) is implemented using an offset-midpoint traveltime equation, Cheop's pyramid equivalent equation for VTI media. The derivation of such an equation for VTI media requires approximations that pertain to high frequency and weak anisotropy. Yet the resultant offset-midpoint traveltime equation for VTI media is highly accurate for even strong anisotropy. It is also strictly dependent on two parameters: NMO velocity and the anisotropy parameter, η. It reduces to the exact offset-midpoint traveltime equation for isotropic media when η = 0. In vertically inhomogeneous media, the NMO velocity and η parameters in the offset-midpoint traveltime equation are replaced by their effective values: the velocity is replaced by the rms velocity and η is given by a more complicated equation that includes summation of the fourth power of velocity.
Performance analysis of a command destruct subsystem of the spacelift range system (2004)

The paper presents an analysis of a typical command destruct subsystem (CDS) of the U.S. Air Force Spacelift Range System. The command destruct system sends a signal comprising a sequence of pairs of tone signal pulses to the space vehicle, in case the space vehicle significantly deviates from its intended trajectory and results in safety concerns. By necessity, due to the safety-critical nature of such a system, the command link for the CDS is designed for relatively high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and it is generally considered that high detection performance can be achieved due to the high SNR. However, a closer analysis shows the presence of some non-ideal factors which can potentially limit the achievable performance of the CDS system independent of the SNR. More specifically the paper analyzes the impact of narrowband tone filters present in a typical CDS receiver on the detection performance of the system. Another important source of possible performance degradation is the spill over effect of the FFT processor.
Recent advances in nanotechnology for diabetes treatment (2015)

Nanotechnology in diabetes research has facilitated the development of novel glucose measurement and insulin delivery modalities which hold the potential to dramatically improve quality of life for diabetics. Recent progress in the field of diabetes research at its interface with nanotechnology is our focus. In particular, we examine glucose sensors with nanoscale components including metal nanoparticles and carbon nanostructures. The addition of nanoscale components commonly increases glucose sensor sensitivity, temporal response, and can lead to sensors which facilitate continuous in vivo glucose monitoring. Additionally, we survey nanoscale approaches to 'closed-loop' insulin delivery strategies which automatically release insulin in response to fluctuating blood glucose levels (BGLs). 'Closing the loop' between BGL measurements and insulin administration by removing the requirement of patient action holds the potential to dramatically improve the health and quality of life of diabetics. Advantages and limitations of current strategies, as well as future opportunities and challenges are also discussed.
Saponin and Other Haemolysins (Vitamin A, Aliphatic Amines, Polyene Antibiotics) as Adjuvants for SRBC in the Mouse (1980)

The hypothesis that the adjuvant, as well as the haemolytic, activity of saponin depends on binding to cholesterol in cell membranes is supported by showing that cholesterol absorbs out adjuvant activity, and inhibits immunopotentiation in vivo when added to the injection mixture. Also, out of a range of haemolytic substances, chosen for their known properties as adjuvants or for cholesterol binding, the only materials which displayed a comparable activity to saponin were the polyene antibiotics Nystatin and Amphotericin B, whose binding to membrane cholesterol causes similar morphological changes to that of saponin.
Domestic load control using PWM and Zero Crossing detection techniques (2015)

In South Africa, load reduction and meeting the intense energy demand during peak hours has been and is still one of the most perennial issues. Thus the significance of optimized energy consumption in the domestic sector is constantly growing as household sector consumes a sizeable amount of energy on the national grid as compared to other sectors. Static timed control mechanisms, automated units, etc have been implemented for domestic load management. However we lack an effective model to continuously predict exactly when to switch household appliances and reduce load simultaneously. This paper presents a methodology that analyses the domestic user's energy consumption behaviour and applies Pulse Width Modulation and Zero Crossing detection techniques for load management. This solution acts as an improved tool for domestic load management aiming to reduce power consumption during peak period and concurrently allows the consumer to use any appliance without increasing energy demand. Design, visual simulation and test results of the control are presented to show the effectiveness of this load control strategy.
Effects of kiwi fruit consumption on platelet aggregation and plasma lipids in healthy human volunteers (2004)

Fruits and vegetables have been thought to be beneficial in cardiovascular disease. The beneficial effects of fruits and vegetables may be explained by the antioxidants and other components contained therein. These nutrients may function individually or in concert to protect lipoproteins and vascular cells from oxidation, or by other mechanisms such as reducing plasma lipid levels (LDL cholesterol, triglycerides), and platelet aggregation response. Kiwi fruit which contains high amounts of vitamin C, vitamin E and polyphenols may be beneficial in cardiovascular disease; however very little is known about its cardioprotective effects. Platelets are involved in atherosclerotic disease development and the reduction of platelet activity by medications reduces the incidence and severity of disease. To this end, we evaluated whether consuming kiwi fruit modulated platelet activity and plasma lipids in human volunteers in a randomized cross-over study. We report that consuming two or three kiwi fruit per day for 28 days reduced platelet aggregation response to collagen and ADP by 18% compared with the controls (P < 0.05). In addition, consumption of kiwi fruit lowered blood triglycerides levels by 15% compared with control (P < 0.05), whereas no such effects were observed in the case of cholesterol levels. All these data indicate that consuming kiwi fruit may be beneficial in cardiovascular disease.
Developmental alterations in molecular weights of proteins in the human central nervous system that react with antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein. (1984)

By the use of a rat IgG monoclonal antibody (mab), a mouse mab and human serum containing an IgM mab, all of which react with isolated human myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) on immunoblots and bind only to proteins with relative mobilities identical to MAG and dMAG on immunoblots of homogenates of adult human spinal cord, we demonstrated the following: in homogenates of central nervous system tissue from human fetuses of gestational ages that antedate myelination, the anti-MAG antibodies react only with proteins with molecular weights of 250,000 or larger. During myelination the molecular weights of proteins with which the anti-MAG antibodies react shift towards the lower molecular weights found in adult myelin. Amongst those central nervous system regions examined, the shift towards the low molecular weights occurred earliest in the region that is first to become myelinated and latest in the one that is the last to myelinate. Once myelination is completed, the antibodies react only with proteins with relative mobilities identical to those of MAG and dMAG. These developmental changes in molecular weights of "MAG-related proteins" may prove useful as an index of chemical processes on the basis of which myelination occurs.
IP3 receptor type 3 and PLCbeta2 are co-expressed with taste receptors T1R and T2R in rat taste bud cells (2001)

The Ca(2+) signaling cascade has been reported to be activated by many tastants in vertebrate taste systems. Recently we have shown that G(i2) and phospholipase Cbeta2 (PLCbeta2) are co-expressed in a subset of taste bud cells and are possibly involved in Ca(2+) triggering of taste signaling in rats. We report here that, as a component downstream of PLCbeta2, the type 3 isoform of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor (IP(3)R3) is specifically expressed in the same cells as PLCbeta2 in rat taste buds. We also show that cells expressing rT2R9, a probable cycloheximide receptor, are included among PLCbeta2- and IP(3)R3-positive cells, as in the case of rT1R2, a different type of taste receptor. Our findings indicate that PLCbeta2 and IP(3)R3 co-localize together with G(i2) as downstream components of two different types of taste receptors, T1R and T2R, in taste bud cells.
Assessment of esterase gene expression as a risk marker for insecticide resistance in Florida <i>Culex nigripalpus</i> (Diptera: Culicidae) (2016)

Esterases are enzymatic proteins known to play a role in insecticide resistance formation. To further our understanding of the development of insecticide resistance, we tested the gene expression level of a gene implicated in insecticide resistance (Temsha est-1) from Culex nigripalpus Theobald (Diptera: Culicidae) in field mosquitoes. We found that the level of expression of TE-1 differed depending on the frequency of exposure to organophosphate insecticide through expression studies. Temsha est-1 cDNA is 1,808 base pairs and fully sequenced with up to 96% nucleotide sequence identity to esterase B genes of other mosquito species. The genes from five different species, including TE-1, were closely related by genetic distance and phylogenetic analysis. Differential expression of this gene that is correlated to differences in susceptibility towards organophosphate would provide the ability to use Temsha est-1 as an indicator of the formation of tolerance/resistance. This would greatly enhance mosquito control efforts by allowing targeted application of insecticides to mosquito populations that are most susceptible. Also, it would provide resistance information so that a rational design could be used for insecticide rotation schedules.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease: A Brief Review of the Etiologic Agent and the Disease Which it Causes (2001)

Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) is the etiologic agent of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD), which is a disease of cattle, swine, and other cloven-footed animals. FMD is characterized by the formation of vesicles on the tongue, nose, muzzle, and coronary bands of infected animals. The virus has several unique characteristics that enable it to cause one of the most economically devastating diseases in today's world. The ease by which it may be transmitted by contact and aerosol, combined with its enhanced ability to initiate infections, virtually ensures that most, if not all, animals in a herd will contract FMD. The long-term survival of FMDV in infected animals' tissues and organs, especially when refrigerated, offers an opportunity for its national and international transmission through the food chain. Multiple serotypes and numerous subtypes reduce the effectiveness and reliability of vaccines. The possible development of carriers in vaccinated animals and those that have recovered from FMD provide additional potential sources of new outbreaks. These features create a disease which can have a major economic impact on farmers and entire nations.
The phosphopantetheinyl transferases: catalysis of a post-translational modification crucial for life (2013)

Covering: up to 2013. Although holo-acyl carrier protein synthase, AcpS, a phosphopantetheinyl transferase (PPTase), was characterized in the 1960s, it was not until the publication of the landmark paper by Lambalot et al. in 1996 that PPTases garnered wide-spread attention being classified as a distinct enzyme superfamily. In the past two decades an increasing number of papers have been published on PPTases ranging from identification, characterization, structure determination, mutagenesis, inhibition, and engineering in synthetic biology. In this review, we comprehensively discuss all current knowledge on this class of enzymes that post-translationally install a 4'-phosphopantetheine arm on various carrier proteins.