gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ferritin family proteins and their use in bionanotechnology (2015)

Ferritin family proteins are found in all kingdoms of life and act to store iron within a protein cage and to protect the cell from oxidative damage caused by the Fenton reaction. The structural and biochemical features of the ferritins have been widely exploited in bionanotechnology applications: from the production of metal nanoparticles; as templates for semi-conductor production; and as scaffolds for vaccine design and drug delivery. In this review we first discuss the structural properties of the main ferritin family proteins, and describe how their organisation specifies their functions. Second, we describe materials science applications of ferritins that rely on their ability to sequester metal within their cavities. Finally, we explore the use of ferritin as a container for drug delivery and as a scaffold for the production of vaccines.
The challenge of developing universal vaccines (2011)

Antigenic variability of immunodominant antigens is a common mechanism used by pathogens to escape the immune response. Frequently, the proposed solution is a universal vaccine based on conserved antigens present on all strains of the pathogen. Indeed, a lot of progress has been made in the development of vaccines that induce broad immune responses. However, truly universal vaccines are not easy to produce and still face many challenges, mostly because in those pathogens that use antigenic variability to escape the immune response, conserved antigens have been selected by evolution to be poorly immunogenic. This review describes the progress made towards the development of vaccines inducing broad protection against Neisseria meningitidis, influenza, HIV, and Candida and the challenges of developing truly universal vaccines.
Photoproduction of Spin-Polarized Hydrogen Atoms and Electrons in Mixtures of Cesium Vapor and Hydrogen Gas (1981)

First observations of the photogeneration of spin-polarized hydrogen atoms and electrons are reported. A mixture of cesium vapor and helium and hydrogen buffer gases is optically pumped with a circularly polarized tunable---dye-laser beam (4593 \AA{}). The paramagnetic species (H atoms, ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) generated by the laser-induced processes are detected with use of spin-exchange-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy.
Family Assessment and Intervention: (1989)

This paper describes how the Circumplex Model can be used for systematic assessment of a marital and family system. The three dimensions in the Circumplex are cohesion, change (adaptability) and communication. A variety of hypotheses have been derived and tested which validate the Circumplex Model. Clinical assessment and research can utilize the self-report scale, FACES III or the Clinical Rating Scale can be used to evaluate the family based on a clinical interview. A clinical evaluation of a problem family using FACES III and Clinical Rating Scale demonstrates the value of the tools for family assessment and treatment planning. The paper reflects the continuing attempt to further develop the Circumplex Model and more adequately bridge research, theory and practice.
Variations on the rank-order filtering theme for grey-tone and binary image enhancement (2003)

The author presents an adaptive rank-order filtering approach for developing a variety of image enhancement operators. The main idea is to choose a rank N(1<or=N<or=U=number of pixels in the processing window) depends on the local degree of match between the image data and an ideal model of the unimpaired grey value function. The aim is to develop filters that selectively act as maximum operators for the useful signal and as minimum operators for the noise. These perform better in many cases than median filters and can be used for both grey-tone and binary images. Fixed-rank filters can also be advantageously applied to binary images. They can be considered as generalizations of the well-known erosion, dilation, opening and closing operators of the mathematical morphology.<<ETX>>
Motion-Attentive Transition for Zero-Shot Video Object Segmentation (2020)

In this paper, we present a novel Motion-Attentive Transition Network (MATNet) for zero-shot video object segmentation, which provides a new way of leveraging motion information to reinforce spatio-temporal object representation. An asymmetric attention block, called Motion-Attentive Transition (MAT), is designed within a two-stream encoder, which transforms appearance features into motion-attentive representations at each convolutional stage. In this way, the encoder becomes deeply interleaved, allowing for closely hierarchical interactions between object motion and appearance. This is superior to the typical two-stream architecture, which treats motion and appearance separately in each stream and often suffers from overfitting to appearance information. Additionally, a bridge network is proposed to obtain a compact, discriminative and scale-sensitive representation for multi-level encoder features, which is further fed into a decoder to achieve segmentation results. Extensive experiments on three challenging public benchmarks (i.e., DAVIS-16, FBMS and Youtube-Objects) show that our model achieves compelling performance against the state-of-the-arts. Code is available at: https://github.com/tfzhou/MATNet.
Coordinate Regulation of TPL-2 and NF-κB Signaling in Macrophages by NF-κB1 p105 (2012)

The role of IκB kinase (IKK)-induced proteolysis of NF-κB1 p105 in innate immune signaling was investigated using macrophages from Nfkb1(SSAA/SSAA) mice, in which the IKK target serines on p105 are mutated to alanines. We found that the IKK/p105 signaling pathway was essential for TPL-2 kinase activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activate protein (MAP) kinase and modulated the activation of NF-κB. The Nfkb1(SSAA) mutation prevented the agonist-induced release of TPL-2 from its inhibitor p105, which blocked activation of ERK by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), CpG, tripalmitoyl-Cys-Ser-Lys (Pam(3)CSK), poly(I · C), flagellin, and R848. The Nfkb1(SSAA) mutation also prevented LPS-induced processing of p105 to p50 and reduced p50 levels, in addition to decreasing the nuclear translocation of RelA and cRel. Reduced p50 in Nfkb1(SSAA/SSAA) macrophages significantly decreased LPS induction of the IκBζ-regulated Il6 and Csf2 genes. LPS upregulation of Il12a and Il12b mRNAs was also impaired although specific blockade of TPL-2 signaling increased expression of these genes at late time points. Activation of TPL-2/ERK signaling by IKK-induced p105 proteolysis, therefore, induced a negative feedback loop to downregulate NF-κB-dependent expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12). Unexpectedly, TPL-2 promoted soluble TNF production independently of IKK-induced p105 phosphorylation and its ability to activate ERK, which has important implications for the development of anti-inflammatory drugs targeting TPL-2.
Aligned carbon nanotube/copper sheets: a new electrocatalyst for CO<sub>2</sub>reduction to hydrocarbons (2014)

We controlled the morphologies of copper (Cu) nanostructure on aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets, influencing the efficiency of the electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>.
Non-destructive evaluation of slot-die-coated lithium secondary battery electrodes by in-line laser caliper and IR thermography methods (2013)

Non-destructive, in-line quality control methods were adopted for evaluating the thickness and homogeneity of wet and dry lithium secondary battery electrodes. Laser caliper and infrared (IR) thermography methods were implemented in a systematic fashion for the first time to evaluate the quality of electrodes during the coating process on a slot-die coater. Laser caliper sensors were mounted, aligned, and subsequently calibrated at the oven inlet of the coating line in order to examine the thicknesses of different cathodes and anodes. The effect of various factors such as substrate vibration, temperature, surface reflectivity and laser positions on the thickness measurement during slot-die coating were evaluated. The setup was used to monitor the wet thickness of the cathode and anode, and the precision of the in-line laser thickness measurement was determined to be less than ±2%. Thickness deviation for cathodes was typically ±2.0–2.3%, and for anodes it was typically ±2.2–2.6%, which confirms excellent precision of the measurement. The homogeneity of the dried electrodes was also evaluated by IR thermography at the oven outlet of the coating line. Temperature profiles from thermography images of dry electrodes were carefully examined to detect any flaws and inhomogeneity present in the electrodes. An increase or decrease in the temperature profiles indicated defects/flaws in the electrodes that could not be observed in optical images. The techniques applied in this work will be helpful for detection of electrode flaws and contamination during large-scale manufacturing and to identify flawed product prior to lithium-ion cell assembly.
Regenerative Intelligent Brake Control for Electric Motorcycles (2017)

Vehicle models whose propulsion system is based on electric motors are increasing in number within the automobile industry. They will soon become a reliable alternative to vehicles with conventional propulsion systems. The main advantages of this type of vehicles are the non-emission of polluting gases and noise and the effectiveness of electric motors compared to combustion engines. Some of the disadvantages that electric vehicle manufacturers still have to solve are their low autonomy due to inefficient energy storage systems, vehicle cost, which is still too high, and reducing the recharging time. Current regenerative systems in motorcycles are designed with a low fixed maximum regeneration rate in order not to cause the rear wheel to slip when braking with the regenerative brake no matter what the road condition is. These types of systems do not make use of all the available regeneration power, since more importance is placed on safety when braking. An optimized regenerative braking strategy for two-wheeled vehicles is described is this work. This system is designed to recover the maximum energy in braking processes while maintaining the vehicle’s stability. In order to develop the previously described regenerative control, tyre forces, vehicle speed and road adhesion are obtained by means of an estimation algorithm. A based-on-fuzzy-logic algorithm is programmed to carry out an optimized control with this information. This system recuperates maximum braking power without compromising the rear wheel slip and safety. Simulations show that the system optimizes energy regeneration on every surface compared to a constant regeneration strategy.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry of some β‐agonists (1992)

Abstract Positive‐ion electrospray spectra of some β‐agonists have been acquired under various ion acceleration conditions. Collisional activation of β‐agonists allows control of their mass spectral patterns, i.e., the molecular ion or several characteristic fragmentations can be favored by changing the energy of the ions extracted into the vacuum system. Some preliminary observations are presented, showing the potential of electrospray ionization for the mass spectrometric analysis of β‐agonists.
Interleukin-18 and Gamma Interferon Production by Oral Epithelial Cells in Response to Exposure to<i>Candida albicans</i>or Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation (2002)

Oral candidiasis is a collective name for a group of disorders caused by the dimorphic fungus Candida albicans. Host defenses against C. albicans essentially fall into two categories: specific immune mechanisms and local oral mucosal epithelial cell defenses. Since oral epithelial cells secrete a variety of cytokines and chemokines in response to oral microorganisms and since C. albicans is closely associated with oral epithelial cells as a commensal organism, we wanted to determine whether interleukin-18 (IL-18) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) were produced by oral epithelial cells in response to C. albicans infection and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Our results showed that IL-18 mRNA and protein were constitutively expressed by oral epithelial cells and were down-regulated by Candida infections but increased following LPS stimulation. Both C. albicans and LPS significantly decreased pro-IL-18 (24 kDa) levels and increased active IL-18 (18 kDa) levels. This effect was IL-1beta-converting-enzyme dependent. The increase in active IL-18 protein levels promoted the production of IFN-gamma by infected cells. No effect was obtained with LPS. Although produced only at an early stage, secreted IFN-gamma seemed to be a preferential response by oral epithelial cells to C. albicans growth. These results provide additional evidence for the contribution of oral epithelial cells to local (direct contact) and systemic (IL-18 and IFN-gamma production) defense against exogenous stimulation such as C. albicans infection or LPS stimulation.
Microencapsulation of doxycycline into poly(lactide‐<i>co</i>‐glycolide) by spray drying technique: Effect of polymer molecular weight on process parameters (2008)

Abstract Poly(lactide‐ co ‐glycolide) (PLGA) polymers with three different molecular weights were prepared, and microparticles were produced by spray drying and water‐in‐oil‐water (w/o/w) double emulsion techniques to encapsulate 86% of doxycycline (DXY), an antibiotic drug, for the use of periodontitis. Placebo and drug‐loaded microspheres and pristine DXY were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, which indicated no chemical interactions between DXY and PLGA. X‐ray diffraction of drug‐loaded microspheres confirmed the molecular level dispersion of DXY in PLGA. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed spherical nature and smooth surfaces of the microspheres. Mean particle size as measured by laser light scattering technique ranged between 10 and 25 μm. In vitro release of DXY performed in 7.4 pH media continued up to 72 h and depended on molecular weight of PLGA and extent of DXY loading. Antimicrobial studies performed on one formulation and placebo microspheres suggested that drug concentrations during in vitro release are above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for Staphylococcus aureus growth. Overall, the release studies depended on the molecular weight of PLGA, extent of drug loading, and the method used to prepare microspheres. Statistical analyses of release data performed using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) method agreed well with experimental observations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Touch gesture authentication framework for touch screen mobile devices (2014)

With the increased popularity of touchscreen mobile phones, touch gesture behavior is becoming more and more important. Increasing demand for safer access in touch screen mobile phones, ancient strategies like pins, tokens, or passwords fail to stay up with the challenges conferred. Most of the current touch gesture authentication schemes facing problem with accuracy based on score classifiers of EER, FAR and FRR. In addition, collecting touch duration feature only may not be able to achieve the desired authentication accuracy and robustness. However, gathering more touch features such as finger pressure, finger size and acceleration would help to get a better authentication accuracy and verification performance. These efforts have allowed us to provide a comprehensive summary of recent work on touch behavior authentication and a frame work to implement the system. Finally, we conclude the future work in this topic which is implement and test the framework of touch gesture gesture-based behavioral biometrics and obtain more accuracy and robustness authentication system.
Adaptive service provision and execution in mobile environments (2012)

Advances in the mobile device manufacture, rapid growth of Web services development and progression of wireless communication with the widespread use of Internet applications are the most recent trends in distributed information systems. The evolution of these trends yields the emergence of Mobile Web Services technology (MWS). Adaptive service provision and execution in mobile environments is a new avenue in MWS. It is emanated from the need to cope with the existence of mobile resource limitations to allow the reliable provision of a number of useful services that are hosted on these mobile devices. This research argues that the mechanisms used to facilitate service distribution allow non-interrupted provision of MWS efficiently. The objective of this research is to investigate these mechanisms and define a system for applying them. The main criteria for this system are flexibility, dynamicity and transparency. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP)-based Mobile Host Web service Framework (MHWF) is reproduced and extended as part of this research, to allow deploying, providing and executing SOAP-based services. Correspondingly, Representational State Transfer (RESTful) MHWF is defined and developed for providing RESTful-based services. Both frameworks have been analysed and compared in terms of performance, scalability, reliability and resource consumptions. Moreover, they both have been extended to allow service distribution through offloading, which is the first explored distribution mechanism. RESTful-based technology has shown that it is more convenient for mobile environment. This research also classifies the distribution strategies into three classes: Contentment Distribution (CD), Simple Partial Distribution (SPD) and Complex Partial Distribution (CPD). The distinction emerges from variance in the types and complexity levels of services that influence the quantity and quality of the distribution mechanisms' usage. Novel approaches are proposed in order to exploit these mechanisms and to define and setup the building blocks for the corresponding MHWFs. The correct behaviour of these frameworks is empirically validated and their safety properties are also verified analytically using formal methods. This is complemented by a proof of concept demonstration. Furthermore, an evaluation of their performance is carried out by simulation. These evaluation results are interpreted as Fuzzy logic rules that are used to trigger and control distribution schemes. Last but not least, an innovative approach to partition and orchestrate the execution tasks of the distributed services is followed based on the hierarchical structure used for representing the Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) of the invoked services
Efficient Identity Based Ring Signature. (2004)

Abstract. Identity-based (ID-based) cryptosystems eliminate the need for validity checking of the certificates and the need for registering for a certificate before getting the public key. These two features are desirable especially for the efficiency and the real spontaneity of ring signature, where a user can anonymously sign a message on behalf of a group of spontaneously conscripted users including the actual signer. In this paper, we propose a novel construction of ID-based ring signature which only needs two pairing computations for any group size. The proposed scheme is proven to be existential unforgeable against adaptive chosen message-and-identity attack under the random oracle model, using the forking lemma for generic ring signature schemes. We also consider its extension to support the general access structure. Key words: Identity-based signature, ring signature, bilinear pairings, efficiency, real spontaneity, general access structure, anonymity 1
An amphiphilic PEG-b-PFPE-b-PEG triblock copolymer: synthesis by CuAAC click chemistry and self-assembly in water (2015)

A new PEG<sub>2000</sub>-<italic>b</italic>-PFPE<sub>1200</sub>-<italic>b</italic>-PEG<sub>2000</sub> amphiphilic triblock copolymer that undergoes self-assembly into micelles in water was synthesized by copper(<sc>i</sc>)-catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition (CuAAC).
The integration of quantitative multi-modality imaging data into mathematical models of tumors (2010)

Quantitative imaging data obtained from multiple modalities may be integrated into mathematical models of tumor growth and treatment response to achieve additional insights of practical predictive value. We show how this approach can describe the development of tumors that appear realistic in terms of producing proliferating tumor rims and necrotic cores. Two established models (the logistic model with and without the effects of treatment) and one novel model built a priori from available imaging data have been studied. We modify the logistic model to predict the spatial expansion of a tumor driven by tumor cell migration after a voxel's carrying capacity has been reached. Depending on the efficacy of a simulated cytotoxic treatment, we show that the tumor may either continue to expand, or contract. The novel model includes hypoxia as a driver of tumor cell movement. The starting conditions for these models are based on imaging data related to the tumor cell number (as estimated from diffusion-weighted MRI), apoptosis (from 99mTc-Annexin-V SPECT), cell proliferation and hypoxia (from PET). We conclude that integrating multi-modality imaging data into mathematical models of tumor growth is a promising combination that can capture the salient features of tumor growth and treatment response and this indicates the direction for additional research.
Polymorphisms in the Promoter of the Human APP Gene (2002)

The -9G/C and +37G/C APP promoter polymorphisms are unlikely to contribute strongly to AD susceptibility or to cause major differences in APP expression, but the +37C allele warrants further study for association with AD in larger population samples.
Molecular and Microscopic Analysis of Bacteria and Viruses in Exhaled Breath Collected Using a Simple Impaction and Condensing Method (2012)

Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is increasingly being used as a non-invasive method for disease diagnosis and environmental exposure assessment. By using hydrophobic surface, ice, and droplet scavenging, a simple impaction and condensing based collection method is reported here. Human subjects were recruited to exhale toward the device for 1, 2, 3, and 4 min. The exhaled breath quickly formed into tiny droplets on the hydrophobic surface, which were subsequently scavenged into a 10 µL rolling deionized water droplet. The collected EBC was further analyzed using culturing, DNA stain, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and colorimetry (VITEK 2) for bacteria and viruses.Experimental data revealed that bacteria and viruses in EBC can be rapidly collected using the method developed here, with an observed efficiency of 100 µL EBC within 1 min. Culturing, DNA stain, SEM, and qPCR methods all detected high bacterial concentrations up to 7000 CFU/m(3) in exhaled breath, including both viable and dead cells of various types. Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Kocuria variants were found dominant in EBC samples using VITEK 2 system. SEM images revealed that most bacteria in exhaled breath are detected in the size range of 0.5-1.0 µm, which is able to enable them to remain airborne for a longer time, thus presenting a risk for airborne transmission of potential diseases. Using qPCR, influenza A H3N2 viruses were also detected in one EBC sample. Different from other devices restricted solely to condensation, the developed method can be easily achieved both by impaction and condensation in a laboratory and could impact current practice of EBC collection. Nonetheless, the reported work is a proof-of-concept demonstration, and its performance in non-invasive disease diagnosis such as bacterimia and virus infections needs to be further validated including effects of its influencing matrix.