gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What drives neutrophils to the alveoli in ARDS? (2016)

Neutrophil influx into the extravascular compartments of the lungs is a defining characteristic of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS).1 During ARDS, circulating neutrophils become primed, resulting in reduced deformability and retention within the pulmonary capillary bed2 ,3 followed by migration across the endothelium, through the interstitium and across the epithelium into the airspaces.4 As neutrophils migrate, they may become activated to phagocytose invading pathogens and release oxidants, proteases and neutrophil extracellular traps, all of which play a role in killing pathogens. Although neutrophils may migrate into the airspaces without inducing an increase in protein permeability under certain conditions,5 in ARDS neutrophils and their toxic mediators can cause tissue injury, including an increase in lung epithelial and endothelial permeability6–9 which leads to the influx of protein-rich alveolar oedema and arterial hypoxaemia.10 In fact, mortality from ARDS correlates with the extent of neutrophilia in the lung.1 Treatment for ARDS is mainly supportive, consisting of low tidal volume ventilation and fluid restriction, approaches which have substantially improved outcomes. However, to further improve outcomes, specific therapies to limit inflammatory lung injury while preserving host defense are needed. Therefore, it is critical that we understand the mechanisms regulating neutrophil recruitment, priming, activation and effector functions.

Leucocyte chemokines are classified into several families based on the position of cysteine (C) residues: CXC, CC, C and CX3C.11 Neutrophil migration has classically been thought to be driven by the CXC chemokines, with CXCL8 (interleukin 8) in humans and its orthologs CXCL1 (KC) and CXCL2 (MIP2) in mice being the prototypical neutrophil chemokines.12 CXC chemokines are elevated in patients with ARDS13 and animal models of lung injury,7 ,12 and CXCL8 levels are predictive of disease development,14 severity15 and mortality.16 However, although CXC …
Lymphoid stem cell homing to the early thymic primordium of the avian embryo (1980)

Abstract The quail‐chick marker system was used to investigate the mechanism of lymphoid precursor cells (LPC) homing to the early thymic rudiment during development of the avian embryo. Migration of LPC was demonstrated in vivo and in vitro from the yolk sac, spleen and bone marrow to the thymus rudiment at a definite period of the latter's ontogeny. Before and after this period, the thymic rudiment is nonreceptive for LPC. The onset of stem cell seeding depends on a stage‐dependent maturation of the thymic primordium while its arrest is regulated by the number of cells which have invaded the organ. An in vitro transfilter culture technique is described which permits LPC to be attracted to a thymic rudiment. The thymus at its physiological receptive period and several other organs were associated with LPC donors. The capacity of these various organs to induce LPC traffic was compared. It appeared that the “receptive” thymus is a much better “attractant” than the liver, the mesonephros or the already colonized thymic rudiment. The hypothesis of the production of a chemotactic factor responsible for LPC attraction by the thymus rudiment is proposed which accounts for experimental data reported in this article, as well as for the events of thymus ontogeny previously established.
Posttranslational Modifications Affect the Activity of the Human Monocyte Chemotactic Proteins MCP-1 and MCP-2: Identification of MCP-2(6–76) as a Natural Chemokine Inhibitor (1998)

Chemokines are important mediators in infection and inflammation. The monocyte chemotactic proteins (MCPs) form a subclass of structurally related C-C chemokines. MCPs select specific target cells due to binding to a distinct set of chemokine receptors. Recombinant and synthetic MCP-1 variants have been shown to function as chemokine antagonists. In this study, posttranslationally modified immunoreactive MCP-1 and MCP-2 were isolated from mononuclear cells. Natural forms of MCP-1 and MCP-2 were biochemically identified by Edman degradation and mass spectrometry and functionally characterized in chemotaxis and Ca2+-mobilization assays. Glycosylated MCP-1 (12 and 13.5 kDa) was found to be two- to threefold less chemotactic for monocytes and THP-1 cells than nonglycosylated MCP-1 (10 kDa). Natural, NH2-terminally truncated MCP-1(5-76) and MCP-1(6-76) were practically devoid of bioactivity, whereas COOH-terminally processed MCP-1(1-69) fully retained its chemotactic and Ca2+-inducing capacity. The capability of naturally modified MCP-1 forms to desensitize the Ca2+ response induced by intact MCP-1 in THP-1 cells correlated with their agonistic potency. In contrast, naturally modified MCP-2(6-76) was devoid of activity, but could completely block the chemotactic effect of intact MCP-2 as well as that of MCP-1, MCP-3, and RANTES. Carboxyl-terminally processed MCP-2(1-74) did retain its chemotactic potency. Although comparable as a chemoattractant, natural intact MCP-2 was found to be 10-fold less potent than MCP-1 in inducing an intracellular Ca2+ increase. It can be concluded that under physiologic or pathologic conditions, posttranslational modification affects chemokine potency and that natural MCP-2(6-76) is a functional C-C chemokine inhibitor that might be useful as an inhibitor of inflammation.
Molecular modeling of an antigenic complex between a viral peptide and a class I major histocompatibility glycoprotein (1992)

Computer simulation of the conformations of short antigenic peptides (5-10 residues) either free or bound to their receptor, the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded glycoprotein H-2 Ld, was employed to explain experimentally determined differences in the antigenic activities within a set of related peptides. Starting for each sequence from the most probable conformations disclosed by a pattern-recognition technique, several energy-minimized structures were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations (MD) either in vacuo or solvated by water molecules. Notably, antigenic potencies were found to correlate to the peptides propensity to form and maintain an overall alpha-helical conformation through regular i,i + 4 hydrogen bonds. Accordingly, less active or inactive peptides showed a strong tendency to form i,i + 3 hydrogen bonds at their N-terminal end. Experimental data documented that the C-terminal residue is critical for interaction of the peptide with H-2 Ld. This finding could be satisfactorily explained by a 3-D Q.S.A.R. analysis postulating interactions between ligand and receptor by hydrophobic forces. A 3-D model is proposed for the complex between a high-affinity nonapeptide and the H-2 Ld receptor. First, the H-2 Ld molecule was built from X-ray coordinates of two homologous proteins: HLA-A2 and HLA-Aw68, energy-minimized and studied by MD simulations. With HLA-A2 as template, the only realistic simulation was achieved for a solvated model with minor deviations of the MD mean structure from the X-ray conformation. Water simulation of the H-2 Ld protein in complex with the antigenic nonapeptide was then achieved with the template-derived optimal parameters. The bound peptide retains mainly its alpha-helical conformation and binds to hydrophobic residues of H-2 Ld that correspond to highly polymorphic positions of MHC proteins. The orientation of the nonapeptide in the binding cleft is in accordance with the experimentally determined distribution of its MHC receptor-binding residues (agretope residues). Thus, computer simulation was successfully employed to explain functional data and predicts alpha-helical conformation for the bound peptide.
Incorporation of Alkylamine into Metal–Organic Frameworks through a Brønsted Acid–Base Reaction for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture (2016)

The escalating atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> concentration is one of the most urgent environmental concerns of our age. To effectively capture CO<sub>2</sub> , various materials have been studied. Among them, alkylamine-modified metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered to be promising candidates. In most cases, alkylamine molecules are integrated into MOFs through the coordination bonds formed between open metal sites (OMSs) and amine groups. Thus, the alkylamine density, as well as the corresponding CO<sub>2</sub> uptake in MOFs, are severely restricted by the density of OMSs. To overcome this limit, other approaches to incorporating alkylamine into MOFs are highly desired. We have developed a new method based on Brønsted acid-base reaction to tether alkylamines into Cr-MIL-101-SO<sub>3</sub> H for CO<sub>2</sub> capture. A systematic optimization of the amine tethering process was also conducted to maximize the CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of the modified MOF. Under the optimal amine tethering condition, the obtained tris(2-aminoethyl)amine-functionalized Cr-MIL-101-SO<sub>3</sub> H (Cr-MIL-101-SO<sub>3</sub> H-TAEA) has a cyclic CO<sub>2</sub> uptake of 2.28 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 150 mbar and 40 °C, and 1.12 mmol g<sup>-1</sup> at 0.4 mbar and 20 °C. The low-cost starting materials and simple synthetic procedure for the preparation of Cr-MIL-101-SO<sub>3</sub> H-TAEA suggest that it has the potential for large-scale production and practical applications.
Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotube (CNT) Film Electrodes Prepared by Controllable Adsorption of CNTs onto an Alkanethiol Monolayer Self-Assembled on Gold Electrodes (2006)

This paper describes electrochemical properties, such as electrode reactivity, electrode dimensions, and interfacial capacitance, of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) film electrodes prepared by controllable adsorption of the MWNTs onto the self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of n-octadecyl mercaptan (C18H37SH) deposited onto Au electrodes. The adsorption of the MWNTs onto the SAM-modified Au electrode substantially restores heterogeneous electron transfer between bare Au electrode and redox species in solution phase that is almost totally blocked by the SAM of C18H37SH, and as a result, the prepared MWNT/SAM-modified electrode possesses good electrode reactivity without a remarkable barrier to heterogeneous electron transfer. In addition, the surface coverage of the MWNTs is readily controlled by adjusting the immersion time for the adsorption of the MWNTs onto the SAM of C18H37SH, which essentially endows the prepared MWNT/SAM-modified electrodes with tunable electrode dimensions ranging from a nanoelectrode array to a macro-sized conventional electrode. On the other hand, the MWNT/SAM-modified electrode is found to possess a largely reduced interfacial capacitance, as compared with the MWNT film electrodes prepared with existing methods by directly confining the MWNTs onto electrode surface. This demonstration offers a new approach to fabrication of stable MWNT film electrodes with excellent electrochemical properties that are believed to be very attractive for electrochemical studies and electroanalytical applications.
DESYNC: Self-Organizing Desynchronization and TDMA on Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Desynchronization is a novel primitive for sensor networks: it implies that nodes perfectly interleave periodic events to occur in a round-robin schedule. This primitive can be used to evenly distribute sampling burden in a group of nodes, schedule sleep cycles, or organize a collision-free TDMA schedule for transmitting wireless messages. Here we present Desync, a biologically-inspired self-maintaining algorithm for desynchronization in a single-hop network. We present (1) theoretical results showing convergence, (2) experimental results on TinyOS-based Telos sensor motes, and (3) a DESYNC-based TDMA protocol. Desync-TDMA addresses two weaknesses of traditional TDMA: it does not require a global clock and it automatically adjusts to the number of participating nodes, so that bandwidth is always fully utilized. Experimental results show a reduction in message loss under high contention from approximately 58% to less than 1%, as well as a 25% increase in throughput over the default Telos MAC protocol.
Novel 3D Liquid Cell Culture Method for Anchorage-independent Cell Growth, Cell Imaging and Automated Drug Screening (2018)

Cells grown in three-dimensional (3D) cultures are more likely to have native cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions than in 2D cultures that impose mechanical constraints to cells. However, most 3D cultures utilise gel matrix which, while serving as a scaffold, limits application due to its solid and opaque nature and inconsistency in cell exposure to exogenous signals. In 3D culture without gel matrix, cells tend to adhere to each other and form clumps with necrotic zone at the centre, making them unsuitable for analyses. Here we report that addition of low-molecular-weight agar named LA717 to culture media allows cells to grow as dispersed clonal spheroids in 3D. LA717 maintains cells dispersed and settled to the bottom of the medium while keeping the medium clear with little additional viscosity, making it suitable for microscopic observation. Importantly, cancer spheroids formed in LA717-containing medium show higher sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs such as Trametinib and MK-2206 that are not as effective in 2D. Because of the small and consistent size of spheroids, cell viability and drug toxicity are readily detectable in automated imaging analysis. These results demonstrate that LA717 offers a novel 3D culture system with great in vivo reflection and practicality.
Immunization with viral antigens: infectious pancreatic necrosis. (1997)

Clinical IPN has traditionally been observed in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). However, during the past 10 years outbreaks of IPN have been reported frequently in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in Norway. Acute IPN with high mortality is observed in fry at start feeding and in smolt in the first six months after transfer to seawater. Today IPN is the most important infectious disease in Norway in farmed fish, giving economic losses of about 60 million USD yearly. A prophylactic strategy against this disease is strongly needed. Different strategies for developing IPN vaccines have been tested since the virus was first isolated in 1960. Vaccination with live virus has not been successful and is probably not an acceptable strategy for environmental risk reasons. Vaccination with inactivated virus has been tested in rainbow trout given by the oral route, by immersion and injection. Protection against challenge was obtained only by injection. IPN vaccines based on inactivated virus may be effective but are expensive. A subunit vaccine produced by fermentation is a more realistic strategy for fish vaccine production if the actual protective epitopes can be identified. Protective IPNV epitopes may include both B- and T-cell epitopes, but only B-cell epitopes have been examined so far. Epitope mapping with neutralising monoclonal antibodies indicates that the internal variable region of VP2 (aa 200-350) folds into an immunodominant structure including both serotype specific and conserved neutralisation epitopes that can renaturate spontaneously from E. coli-expressed recombinant VP2 (rVP2). Analysis with an IPNV group-A specific neutralising monoclonal antibody indicates that immunisation with recombinant protein containing the segment (aa 86-210) might induce protection against all IPNV serotypes. Subunit vaccines based on E. coli-expressed IPNV proteins have been tested in rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon. Vaccination by immersion in rainbow trout fry with bacterial lysate from E. coli expressing the IPNV Sp strain gene segment A induced protection against challenge with the IPNV Buhl strain. By injection of Atlantic salmon parr with partly purified E. coli-expressed rVP2 (N1 strain), increased resistance against IPN infection was demonstrated by challenge. In field trials it is shown that vaccination of pre-smolt with rVP2 included in a commercial oil/glucan adjuvanted multivalent bacterial vaccine gives protection against IPN in natural outbreaks, compared to fish vaccinated with the same vaccine without the IPNV component.
Induction of protective CD8<sup>+</sup> T lymphocytes by an attenuated <i>Listeria monocytogenes actA</i> mutant (1992)

We tested the ability of an attenuated actA mutant of Listeria monocytogenes to induce protective immunity in mice. This mutant can enter and multiply in the cytosol of the infected host cell, but is deficient in actin-dependent cell-to-cell spread. It was found to be of attenuated virulence for inbred C3H mice: the LD50 after i.v. injection was 1000-fold higher than that of the wild-type strain. Mutant bacteria multiplied up to the fourth day in the liver, but only for 1 day in the spleen. A single infection with the maximum sublethal dose of the actA mutant induced long-lasting immunity; the LD50 of virulent wild-type L. monocytogenes increased 100-fold and growth of wild-type L. monocytogenes was controlled in liver and spleen of these mice. The presence of Listeria-reactive T cells in spleen of C3H mice infected 7 days previously with the actA mutant was monitored, through their ability to protect naive syngeneic recipients against wild-type L. monocytogenes. Protection was mainly conferred by Thy-1+ CD8+ T lymphocytes; depletion of CD4+ T cells had no significant effect on the level of transferred protection. Such attenuated mutants may be used to develop live vector vaccines for delivery of heterologous proteins into the cytosol, thereby favoring the induction of a CD8+ T cell response.
Research issues in active database systems (1994)

The discussions during the panel stayed largely but not entirely focused on the question of active database research issues from the application perspective. There were nine panelists. Each panelist was asked to prepare brief answers to a set of questions. The sets of answers were discussed by all participants, and finally a number of more general issues were discussed. The questions asked of the panelists were: Name an application that will certainly be supported by active database systems in the not-too-distant future. Name an application that will certainly not be supported by active database systems in the near future. Name an area of active database systems in which you are not working but that is crucial to meet the needs of applications. Name an area of active database systems that is not on the critical path to supporting applications. Name an area of active database systems that should have been discussed in the course of the workshop but was not.
Frequency-Selective Limiters Using Nonlinear Bandstop Filters (2008)

This paper presents a novel design for frequency-selective limiters based on reflection-mode nonlinear bandstop filters. This technique enables the use of low- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> lossy resonators for high- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> bandstop filter applications. Frequency-selective limiters described here achieve fast switching, high levels of power limiting, and flexible channel bandwidth. The prototype for a third-order device indicates 2-dB insertion loss for low RF powers. At high RF powers, it demonstrates 18-dB limiting level, 3-dBm limiting threshold, and 300-MHz limiting bandwidth. The switching speed is less than 10 ns, thus the spike leakage is minimized. The single-channel limiters are cascaded to provide limiting in wideband channels. The multichannel device is able to compress the dynamic range of the signals over 30 dB.
Clonidine in the treatment of menopausal symptoms. (1975)

Twenty-five women suffering from climacteric complaints after surgical castration were treated with clonidine in a placebo controlled trial. Clonidine in the dose of 75 to 150 mug daily diminished the attack rates of flushing and sweating significantly. It can be recommended as a safe therapy for climacteric patients, at least those with contra-indications to oestrogen therapy.
Recent monographs on the social history of Central Asia (2010)

Community matters in Xinjiang 1880–1949. Towards a historical anthropology of the Uyghur, by Ildiko Beller-Hann, Leiden, Brill, 2008, xv + 476 pp., US$171 (hardback), ISBN 978 9004166752. Two maps,...
Adaptive control of non-linear continuous-time systems using neural networks—general relative degree and MIMO cases (1993)

Multilayer neural networks are used in a non-linear adaptive control problem. The plant is an unknown feedback linearizable continuous-time system with relative degree 1. The single-input:/single-output system is studied first and then the methodology is extended to control square multi-input/multi-output systems. The control objective is for the plant to track a reference trajectory, and the control law is defined in terms of the outputs of the neural networks. The parameters of the networks are updated on-line according to an augmented tracking error and the network derivatives. A local convergence theorem is given on the convergence of the tracking error. This control algorithm is applied to control a two-input/two-output relative-degree-two system.
Hybrid LED traffic light detection using high-speed camera (2016)

Automatic traffic light detection (TLD) plays an important role for driver-assistance system and autonomous vehicles. State-of-the-art TLD systems showed remarkable results by exploring visual information from static frames. However, traffic lights from different countries, regions, and manufactures are always visually distinct. The existing large intra-class variance makes the pre-trained detectors perform good on one dataset but fail on the others with different origins. One the other hand, LED traffic lights are widely used because of better energy efficiency. Based on the observation LED traffic light flashes in proportion to the input AC power frequency, we propose a hybrid TLD approach which combines the temporally frequency analysis and visual information using high-speed camera. Exploiting temporal information is shown to be very effective in the experiments. It is considered to be more robust than visual information-only methods.
3-(Trimethylsilyl)oxetan-2-ones via enantioselective [2 + 2] cycloaddition of (trimethylsilyl)ketene to aldehydes catalysed by methylaluminiomidazolines (1996)

B. W. Dymock, P. J. Kocienski and J. Pons, Chem. Commun., 1996, 1053 DOI: 10.1039/CC9960001053
Opportunistic interaction in the challenged internet of things (2014)

Under intermittent Internet connectivity, enabling interaction between smart objects and mobile users in the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes a challenge. We thus discuss the notion of a 'Challenged IoT' and propose Direct Interaction with Smart Challenged Objects (DISCO), enabling objects to define their interaction patterns and interface. Building on the distinct features of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), objects then convey their interface directly to mobile users. DISCO mitigates the need for Internet connectivity and pre-installed interfaces, i.e., smartphone apps, of existing approaches and proposes autonomous and local interaction with smart objects as a challenged network scenario. We implement DISCO for Android and iOS smartphones as well as Linux and Arduino objects and illustrate the design space of interaction patterns with Augmented Reality (AR) interaction based on visual object recognition within the tangible interaction sphere of the user. Our system evaluation shows the immediate real-life feasibility and applicability of DISCO on current hardware.