gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential pressure control of 3D printed soft fluidic actuators (2017)

Fluidically actuated soft robots show a great promise for operation in sensitive and unknown environments due to their intrinsic compliance. However, most previous designs use either flow control systems that are noisy, inefficient, sensitive to leaks, and cannot achieve differential pressure (i.e. can only apply either positive or negative pressures with respect to atmospheric), or closed volume control systems that are not adaptable and prohibitively expensive. In this paper, we present a modular, low cost volume control system for differential pressure control of soft actuators. We use this system to actuate three-chamber 3D printed soft robotic modules. For this design, we find a 54% increase in achievable blocked force, and a significant increase in actuator workspace when using differential pressure actuation as compared to the use of only pressure or vacuum. The increased workspace allowed the robot to achieve complex tasks such as writing on a screen with a laser pointer or manipulating fragile objects. Furthermore, we demonstrate a self-healing capability of the combined system by using vacuum to actuate ruptured modules which were no longer responsive to positive pressure.
Expediente (2018)

Expediente do volume 17, número 2, da Revista Leia Escola.
Room Temperature Electrochemical Sintering of Zn Microparticles and Its Use in Printable Conducting Inks for Bioresorbable Electronics (2017)

This study describes a conductive ink formulation that exploits electrochemical sintering of Zn microparticles in aqueous solutions at room temperature. This material system has relevance to emerging classes of biologically and environmentally degradable electronic devices. The sintering process involves dissolution of a surface passivation layer of zinc oxide in CH<sub>3</sub> COOH/H<sub>2</sub> O and subsequent self-exchange of Zn and Zn<sup>2+</sup> at the Zn/H<sub>2</sub> O interface. The chemical specificity associated with the Zn metal and the CH<sub>3</sub> COOH/H<sub>2</sub> O solution is critically important, as revealed by studies of other material combinations. The resulting electrochemistry establishes the basis for a remarkably simple procedure for printing highly conductive (3 × 10<sup>5</sup> S m<sup>-1</sup> ) features in degradable materials at ambient conditions over large areas, with key advantages over strategies based on liquid phase (fusion) sintering that requires both oxide-free metal surfaces and high temperature conditions. Demonstrations include printed magnetic loop antennas for near-field communication devices.
Mitochondrial-targeted peptide rapidly improves mitochondrial energetics and skeletal muscle performance in aged mice (2013)

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a key pathogenic role in aging skeletal muscle resulting in significant healthcare costs in the developed world. However, there is no pharmacologic treatment to rapidly reverse mitochondrial deficits in the elderly. Here, we demonstrate that a single treatment with the mitochondrial-targeted peptide SS-31 restores in vivo mitochondrial energetics to young levels in aged mice after only one hour. Young (5 month old) and old (27 month old) mice were injected intraperitoneally with either saline or 3 mg kg(-1) of SS-31. Skeletal muscle mitochondrial energetics were measured in vivo one hour after injection using a unique combination of optical and (31) P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Age-related declines in resting and maximal mitochondrial ATP production, coupling of oxidative phosphorylation (P/O), and cell energy state (PCr/ATP) were rapidly reversed after SS-31 treatment, while SS-31 had no observable effect on young muscle. These effects of SS-31 on mitochondrial energetics in aged muscle were also associated with a more reduced glutathione redox status and lower mitochondrial H2 O2 emission. Skeletal muscle of aged mice was more fatigue resistant in situ one hour after SS-31 treatment, and eight days of SS-31 treatment led to increased whole-animal endurance capacity. These data demonstrate that SS-31 represents a new strategy for reversing age-related deficits in skeletal muscle with potential for translation into human use.
A QUESTIONNAIRE TO USERS OF SOIL MAPS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA: RESULTS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR DESIGN AND CONTENT (1981)

A total of 70 people (30%) replied to a questionnaire about the design and content of soil maps from British Columbia. Most people are using their maps in the office. The most common scale used is between 1:40 000 and 1:80 000 as a result of the general availability of 1:50 000 maps, but maps of a larger scale would be preferred. Thirty-two percent of the respondents usually wanted soil information about a site, whereas 23% wanted pattern information about a large area (46% wanted both). This has an implication on the way the legend should be constructed. Texture, slope and soil water content were the properties ranked of highest importance by respondents regardless of their occupation. There was a slight preference for a complex connotative map symbol as opposed to a simple one. This preference was expressed more by those with experience in using soil maps. Those will less experience preferred a simple symbol. A colored soil map with a topographic base map was what most respondents wanted. Fully 51% of the respondents had some difficulties in getting the information they needed from a soil map. They either found the information inaccurate, they could not understand the legend or the symbol, or they had difficulty locating themselves on the map. These difficulties most often arose from the lack of any statements about mapping procedures and reliability, complicated and non-standard legends and symbols and unfamiliar terminology (usually soil taxonomic names). As a result of these responses, a number of suggestions are offered for the improvement of soil maps.
[406 cases of angina pectoris in coronary heart disease treated with saponin of Tribulus terrestris]. (1990)

Coronary heart disease (CHD) was treated with saponin of Tribulus terrestris. According to 406 cases of clinical observation and a cross test (67 cases treated with Yufen Ningxin Pian as control), the results showed that the total efficacious rate of remission angina pectoris was 82.3%. It was higher than the control group with a total effective rate of 67.2% (P less than 0.05). The total effective rate of ECG improvement (52.7%) was even higher than that of the control group (35.8%). It is shown that saponin of Tribulus terrestris has the action of dilating coronary artery and improving coronary circulation, and thus has better effects on improving ECG of myocardial ischemia. If taken for a long time, it has no adverse reaction on blood system and hepatic and renal functions. Neither does it have side effects. It is one of the ideal medicines to treat angina pectoris.
A Novel Modular eNose System Based on Commercial MOX Sensors to Detect Low Concentrations of VOCs for Breath Gas Analysis (2018)

In this work, a new generation of eNose systems particularly suited for exhaled breath gas analysis is presented. The developed analyzer system comprises a compact modular, low volume, temperature controlled sensing chamber explicitly tested for the detection of acetone, isoprene, pentane and isopropanol. The eNose system sensing chamber consists of three compartments, each of which can contain 8 analog Metal Oxide (MOX) sensors or 10 digital MOX sensors. Additional sensors within the digital compartment allow for pressure, humidity and temperature measurements. The presented eNose system contains a sensor array with up to 30 physical sensors and provides the ability to discriminate between low VOC concentrations under dry and humid conditions. The MOX sensor signals were analyzed by pattern recognition methods.
Organizational information provision : managing mandatory and discretionary utilization of information technology (2001)

This dissertation focuses on the organizational units that participate in the operation of shared information systems - and especially how the codification responsibilities (information creation, c ...
Electro‐Optic Investigations of H‐PDLCs: The Effect of Monomer Functionality on Display Performance (1999)

Abstract We investigate the effect of monomer functionality on the electro‐optic performance of holographically‐formed polymer dispersed liquid crystals. Oligomers of functionality 2, 3 and 6 are mixed to yield oligomers of intermediate functionality. Reflection efficiency and critical field peaks are reported for effective functionality ∼4.5. SEM studies allow us to correlate these results to polymer morphology.
GaN / In 1 − x Ga x N / GaN / ZnO nanoarchitecture light emitting diode microarrays (2009)

We studied the fabrication and electroluminescent (EL) characteristics of GaN/In1−xGaxN/GaN/ZnO nanoarchitecture light emitting diode (LED) microarrays consisting of position-controlled GaN/ZnO coaxial nanotube heterostructures. For the fabrication of nanoarchitecture LED arrays, n-GaN, GaN/In0.24Ga0.76N multiquantum well (MQW) structures and p-GaN layers were deposited coaxially over the entire surface of position-controlled ZnO nanotube arrays grown vertically on c-plane sapphire substrates. The nanoarchitecture LEDs exhibited strong green and blue emission from the GaN/GaN/In0.24Ga0.76N MQWs at room temperature. Furthermore, the origins of dominant EL peaks are also discussed.
Targeting RAS Membrane Association: Back to the Future for Anti-RAS Drug Discovery? (2015)

RAS proteins require membrane association for their biologic activity, making this association a logical target for anti-RAS therapeutics. Lipid modification of RAS proteins by a farnesyl isoprenoid is an obligate step in that association, and is an enzymatic process. Accordingly, farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTI) were developed as potential anti-RAS drugs. The lack of efficacy of FTIs as anticancer drugs was widely seen as indicating that blocking RAS membrane association was a flawed approach to cancer treatment. However, a deeper understanding of RAS modification and trafficking has revealed that this was an erroneous conclusion. In the presence of FTIs, KRAS and NRAS, which are the RAS isoforms most frequently mutated in cancer, become substrates for alternative modification, can still associate with membranes, and can still function. Thus, FTIs failed not because blocking RAS membrane association is an ineffective approach, but because FTIs failed to accomplish that task. Recent findings regarding RAS isoform trafficking and the regulation of RAS subcellular localization have rekindled interest in efforts to target these processes. In particular, improved understanding of the palmitoylation/depalmitoylation cycle that regulates RAS interaction with the plasma membrane, endomembranes, and cytosol, and of the potential importance of RAS chaperones, have led to new approaches. Efforts to validate and target other enzymatically regulated posttranslational modifications are also ongoing. In this review, we revisit lessons learned, describe the current state of the art, and highlight challenging but promising directions to achieve the goal of disrupting RAS membrane association and subcellular localization for anti-RAS drug development. Clin Cancer Res; 21(8); 1819-27. ©2015 AACR. See all articles in this CCR Focus section, "Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers."
Detecting the Onset of Urinary Bladder Contractions Using an Implantable Pressure Sensor (2011)

This study investigates whether signals obtained from an implantable pressure sensor placed in the urinary bladder wall could be used to detect the onset of bladder contractions. The sensor assembly was custom made using a small piezoresistive sensor die. The die was mounted on ceramic substrate (8 mm × 8 mm) and encapsulated in silicone by a two-part moulding process. The final sensor was lens shaped with a diameter of 13.6 mm and height of 2.0 mm. Experiments were performed in six pigs that had one or more sensors placed in the bladder wall. An external reference sensor was used to simultaneously monitor intravesical pressure via a transurethral catheter. Bladder contractions were evoked by unilateral electrical stimulation of the pelvic nerve. Onset latency was computed using both signals. In addition, the correlation between wall pressure and intravesical pressure was calculated. On average, the onset latency was - 307 ms using the wall sensors compared to the intravesical pressure, i.e., the detection occurred earlier using the wall sensors than the intravesical sensor. In 91 of 114 recordings the correlation coefficient was above 0.90. In conclusion, the implantable sensor performs similar to the reference sensor when used to detect the onset of bladder contractions.
An Accurate and Transferable Intermolecular Diatomic Hydrogen Potential for Condensed Phase Simulation (2008)

An anisotropic many-body H2 potential energy function has been developed for use in heterogeneous systems. The intermolecular potential has been derived from first principles and expressed in a form that is readily transferred to exogenous systems, e.g. in modeling H2 sorption in solid-state materials. Explicit many-body polarization effects, known to be important in simulating hydrogen at high density, are incorporated. The analytic form of the potential energy function is suitable for methods of statistical physics, such as Monte Carlo or Molecular Dynamics simulation. The model has been validated on dense supercritical hydrogen and demonstrated to reproduce the experimental data with high accuracy.
Highly Specific and Sensitive Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Image-Guided Resection of Sub-Millimeter Peritoneal Tumors (2017)

A current challenge in the treatment of peritoneal carcinomatosis is the inability to detect, visualize, and resect small or microscopic tumors of pancreatic, ovarian, or mesothelial origin. In these diseases, the completeness of primary tumor resection is directly correlated with patient survival, and hence, identifying small sub-millimeter tumors (i.e., disseminated disease) is critical. Thus, new imaging techniques and probes are needed to improve cytoreductive surgery and patient outcomes. Highly fluorescent rhodamine-labeled expansile nanoparticles (HFR-eNPs) are described for use as a visual aid during cytoreductive surgery of pancreatic carcinomatosis. The covalent incorporation of rhodamine into ∼30 nm eNPs increases the fluorescent signal compared to free rhodamine, thereby affording a brighter and more effective probe than would be achieved by a single rhodamine molecule. Using the intraperitoneal route of administration, HFR-eNPs localize to regions of large (∼1 cm), sub-centimeter, and sub-millimeter intraperitoneal tumor in three different animal models, including pancreatic, mesothelioma, and ovarian carcinoma. Tumoral localization of the HFR-eNPs depends on both the material property (i.e., eNP polymer) as well as the surface chemistry (anionic surfactant vs PEGylated noncharged surfactant). In a rat model of pancreatic carcinomatosis, HFR-eNP identification of tumor is validated against gold-standard histopathological analysis to reveal that HFR-eNPs possess high specificity (99%) and sensitivity (92%) for tumors, in particular, sub-centimeter and microscopic sub-millimeter tumors, with an overall accuracy of 95%. Finally, as a proof-of-concept, HFR-eNPs are used to guide the resection of pancreatic tumors in a rat model of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Inhibition of Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88 Reduces Human and Mouse T-Cell Interleukin-17 and IFNγ Production and Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Induced in Mice (2017)

Myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) recruits signaling proteins to the intracellular domain of receptors belonging to the toll-like/interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor superfamily. Mice lacking MyD88 are highly susceptible to infectious diseases, but tend to resist experimentally induced autoimmune diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and manifest diminished allograft rejection. We reasoned that inhibition of MyD88 should influence the cytokine profile of responding T cells by blocking costimulatory molecule expression by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and by inhibiting T-cell responses to IL-18. We now report that inhibition of MyD88 in human APCs led to decreased IFNγ and IL-17 production and a shift to IL-4 production by responding T cells in a mixed lymphocyte reaction. Direct inhibition of Myd88 in mouse and human T cells also reduced their production of IFNγ in response to IL-12/IL-18 stimulation. Finally, systemic MyD88 antagonism significantly reduced the clinical manifestations of EAE in mice. Thus, MyD88 appears to be a key factor in determining T cell phenotype and represents a potential target for therapeutic intervention.
Interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor stimulate two novel protein kinases that phosphorylate the heat shock protein hsp27 and beta-casein. (1993)

We have partially purified and characterized two protein kinases that were strongly activated by interleukin-1 (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in MRC-5 fibroblasts. The kinases were separated by anion exchange chromatography of cytosolic fractions. They phosphorylated in vitro the small heat shock protein (hsp27) or beta-casein and were stimulated 3- and 4.5-fold, respectively, in cells that had been exposed to IL-1 or TNF for 10 min. They were distinct from the mitogen-activated protein kinases, whose activation by IL-1 or TNF has been reported recently. The hsp27 kinase phosphorylated its substrate on serine residues. Its molecular mass was estimated to be 45-kDa by gel filtration. It is probably involved in the increase in hsp27 phosphorylation seen in intact cells. The beta-casein kinase behaved as a 65-kDa protein. It phosphorylated its substrate on serine and threonine residues and had little activity on alpha-casein. The hsp27 and beta-casein kinases were not activated after stimulation of the cells with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). In contrast, the MAP kinases were activated to a similar extent (2-3-fold) by the cytokines and by PMA. The hsp27- and beta-casein kinases probably correspond to novel enzymes whose mechanisms of activation may be independent of protein kinase C or MAP kinases.
Thermo-Swing Wall Insulation Technology; - A Novel Heat Loss Reduction Approach on Engine Combustion Chamber - (2016)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">To improve fuel efficiency of engines, cooling heat loss is one of the most dominant losses among the various engine losses to reduce. The present work proposes a new heat insulation concept in combustion chamber, "TSWIN (Thermo-Swing Wall Insulation Technology)" that can reduce heat loss to the coolant without any sacrifice in other engine performances. Surface temperature of insulation coat on combustion chamber wall changes rapidly, according with the fluctuating temperature of in-cylinder gas. Reduced temperature differences between them lead to lower heat transfer. During the intake stroke, surface temperature of the insulation coat goes down rapidly, and prevents intake air heating. To realize the scheme mentioned above, a new insulation material with both low thermal conductivity and low volumetric heat capacity, "SiRPA (Silica Reinforced Porous Anodized Aluminum)" was developed and applied on the top surface of the piston. It was confirmed that the temporal changes in temperature of coated surface in the engine operating condition showed nearly identical behavior as predicted by 1-dimensional heat transfer simulation using laser-induced phosphorescence thermometry. It was applied to turbocharged direct injection diesel engines, and showed improvement of fuel efficiency, and increased exhaust gas temperature which contributes to earlier light off of the aftertreatment catalyst. As the result of energy balance analysis, cooling heat loss was reduced, on the other hand, brake power and exhaust loss was increased. Furthermore, on low temperature engine start condition, TSWIN showed remarkable improvements both in fuel efficiency and exhaust emissions.</div></div>
Monoclonal-antibody-based noncompetitive avidin-biotin assay for lutropin in urine. (1988)

This noncompetitive avidin-biotin assay for lutropin (LH) in urine is based on the use of solid-phase, monoclonal antibodies, avidin-biotin binding, and enzyme label. The detection limit for LH is 0.5 int. unit/L. Performance time is 2 h. Intra- and interassay CVs were 4.2% and 6.2%, respectively. The assay is more specific for intact LH than are RIAs, and the results are unambiguous as compared with those by RIAs. LH is stable for a week in refrigerated urine; thus urine is a convenient sample material in follow-up studies for clinical ovulation timing. This rapid and sensitive nonisotopic LH assay avoids the disadvantages of blood samples. The assay provides clinically relevant predictions of ovulation timing from the amount of hormone measured in a 3-h urine specimen.
Mph1 kinetochore localization is crucial and upstream in the hierarchy of spindle assembly checkpoint protein recruitment to kinetochores (2012)

The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) blocks entry into anaphase until all chromosomes have stably attached to the mitotic spindle through their kinetochores. The checkpoint signal originates from unattached kinetochores, where there is an enrichment of SAC proteins. Whether the enrichment of all SAC proteins is crucial for SAC signaling is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that, in fission yeast, recruitment of the kinase Mph1 is of vital importance for a stable SAC arrest. An Mph1 mutant that eliminates kinetochore enrichment abolishes SAC signaling, whereas forced recruitment of this mutant to kinetochores restores SAC signaling. In bub3Δ cells, the SAC is functional when only Mph1 and the Aurora kinase Ark1, but no other SAC proteins, are enriched at kinetochores. We analyzed the network of dependencies for SAC protein localization to kinetochores and identify a three-layered hierarchy with Ark1 and Mph1 on top, Bub1 and Bub3 in the middle, and Mad3 as well as the Mad1-Mad2 complex at the lower end of the hierarchy. If Mph1 is artificially recruited to kinetochores, Ark1 becomes dispensable for SAC activity. Our results highlight the crucial role of Mph1 at kinetochores and suggest that the Mad1-Mad2 complex does not necessarily need to be enriched at kinetochores for functional SAC signaling.
Closely related MADS‐box genes in club moss (<i>Lycopodium</i>) show broad expression patterns and are structurally similar to, but phylogenetically distinct from, typical seed plant MADS‐box genes (2002)

• The relation between the duplication history of the MADS-box gene family of transcription factors and the evolution of plant development is investigated here. The lycopsids, for example the club mosses, constitute the sister group of all other vascular plants, and are therefore interesting from this perspective. • PCR-based methods were used to isolate MADS-box genes from the club moss, Lycopodium annotinum. • In contrast to the previously isolated L. annotinum MADS-box gene LAMB1 (which also contains a so-called K-box), the new L. annotinum genes LAMB2, LAMB4, LAMB6 are structurally similar to most MADS-K-box genes. These genes, and two L. annotinum MADS-box genes, not encoding K-domains, LAMB3 and LAMB5, form a clade distinct from LAMB1. LAMB1 is expressed exclusively in the strobilus unlike LAMB2, LAMB4, LAMB5 and LAMB6, which are expressed in a broad range of organs. • The results imply that the diversification of organ identity MADS-box genes occurred after the split of the lycopsids from the other vascular plants, and that lycopsids have a MADS-box gene family of a type primitive for land plants.
An optically-coupled high-voltage PNPN crosspoint array (1979)

This report will cover a 1×4 optically-coupled PNPN crosspoint array. Breakdown voltage >450V, dv/dt firing >2000V/μs, and gate trigger LED current <20mA have been achieved, enabling direct interface with a conventional telephone set.