gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Partitioning of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which prevent cardiac arrhythmias, into phospholipid cell membranes (2001)

It has been demonstrated in animal studies that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) prevent ischemia-induced malignant ventricular arrhythmias, a major cause of sudden cardiac death in humans. To learn how these PUFA, at low micromolar concentrations, exert their antiarrhythmic activity, we studied their effects in vitro on the contractions of isolated cardiac myocytes and the conductances of their sarcolemmal ion channels. These fatty acids directly stabilize electrically every cardiac myocyte by modulating the conductances of specific ion channels in their sarcolemma. In this study, we determined the molar ratio of PUFA to the moles of phospholipid (PL) in cell membranes to learn if the ratio is so low as to preclude the possibility that the primary site of action of PUFA is on the packing of the membrane PL. [(3)H]-arachidonic acid (AA) was used to measure the incorporation of PUFA, and the inorganic phosphorous of the PL was determined as a measure of the moles of PL in the cell membrane. Our results indicate that the mole percent of AA to moles of phospolipid is very low (< or =1.0) at the concentrations that affect myocyte contraction and the conductance of voltage-dependent Na(+) and L-type Ca(2)+ channels in rat cardiomyocytes and in alpha-subunits of human myocardial Na(+) channels. In conclusion, it seems highly unlikely that these fatty acids are affecting the packing of PL within cell membranes as their way of modulating changes in cell membrane ion currents and in preventing arrhythmias in our contractility studies. -- Pound, E. M., J. X. Kang, and A. Leaf. Partitioning of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which prevent cardiac arrhythmias, into phospholipid cell membranes. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 346--351.
Recent developments in the HIV neuropathies (2003)

Increased and improved surveillance for HIV-associated neuropathy will allow earlier interventions to improve quality of life and prevent severe toxicities. A better understanding of the prevailing mechanisms will allow for more effective interventions.
Detecting Integrity Attacks on SCADA Systems (2013)

Ensuring security of systems based on supervisory control and data acquisition is a major challenge. The goal of this paper is to develop the model-based techniques capable of detecting integrity attacks on the sensors of a control system. In this paper, the effect of integrity attacks on the control systems is analyzed and countermeasures capable of exposing such attacks are proposed. The main contributions of this paper, beyond the novelty of the problem formulation, lies in enumerating the conditions of the feasibility of the replay attack, and suggesting countermeasures that optimize the probability of detection by conceding control performance. The methodologies are shown and the theoretical results are validated using several sets of simulations.
A recombinant inwardly rectifying potassium channel coupled to GTP-binding proteins. (1996)

GTP-binding (G) proteins have been shown to mediate activation of inwardly rectifying potassium (K+) channels in cardiac, neuronal and neuroendocrine cells. Here, we report functional expression of a recombinant inwardly rectifying channel which we call KGP (or hpKir3.4), to signify that it is K+ selective, G-protein-gated and isolated from human pancreas. KGP expression in Xenopus oocytes resulted in sizeable basal (or agonist-independent) currents while coexpression with a G-protein-linked receptor, yielded additional agonist-induced currents. Coexpression of KGP and hGIRK1 (a human brain homolog of GIRK1/Kir3.1) produced much larger basal currents than those observed with KGP or hGIRK1 alone, and upon coexpression with receptor, similarly large agonist-induced currents could be obtained. Pertussis toxin treatment significantly diminished agonist-dependent currents due to either KGP or KGP/hGIRK1 expression. Interestingly, PTX also significantly reduced basal KGP or KGP/hGIRK1 currents, suggesting that basal activity is largely the result of G-protein gating as well. When the two channels were coexpressed with receptor, the relative increase in current elicited by agonist was similar whether KGP and hGIRK1 were expressed alone or together. When in vitro translated or when expressed in Xenopus oocytes or CHO mammalian cells, KGP gave rise to a nonglycosylated 45-kD protein. Antibodies directed against either KGP or hGIRK1 coprecipitated both proteins coexpressed in oocytes, providing evidence for the heteromeric assembly of the two channels and suggesting that the current potentiation seen with coexpression of the two channel subunits is due to specific interactions between them. An endogenous oocyte protein similar in size to KGP was also coprecipitated with hGIRK1.
Estrogens and breast cancer (1996)

The past 20 years of research have identified several risk and protective factors for breast cancer. All these factors can be understood as measures of the cumulative exposure of the breast to estrogen and, perhaps, progesterone. These ovarian hormones affect the rate of cell division and thus manifest their effect on the risk of breast cancer by causing proliferation of breast epithelial cells (1). Proliferating cells are susceptible to genetic errors during DNA replication, which, if uncorrected, can ultimately lead to a malignant phenotype.
Development of Nb Added Ferrite-Bainite Steels and their Automotive Application (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The dual-phase steel was expected to have the potential to reduce wheel weight, but has not completely succeeded in doing so, in part, because of localized necking and fracture that occurs when the welded hoop is stretched during the initial flaring and the last rim rolling operation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to solve these problems and to develop a new type of steel for wheel, especially for wheel rim, the effect of the nature of low temperature transformation products on the mechanical properties, stretch-flangeability, fatigue strength and flash butt weldability of multi-phase steels has been studied.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">These studies show that Nb added ferrite-bainite sheet steel is preferred to dual-phase steel in fabrication of wheel rim and disc from the point of view of its lower production scrap rate and its lower cost.</div>
Damage of Amino Acid Residues of Proteins after Reaction with Oxidizing Lipids: Estimation by Proteolytic Enzymes (1984)

ABSTRACT A mixture of casein and methyl linoleate was stored at 50°C and 80% relative humidity for 0 ‐ 14 days and damage to amino acid residues assessed. The damage was estimated by determining the amino acid composition of the hydrolysate by using proteolytic enzymes (pepsin‐pancreatin digestion, followed by aminopeptidase‐prolidase hydrolysis). The damage to amino acid residues was the most extensive in methionine, followed by tryptophan, histidine, and lysine. The degree of damage to these amino acids was also determined by chemical methods without using proteolytic enzymes. The efficiency of detecting damage by the present enzymatic method was close to that of the chemical methods.
<i>Rose</i> (2008)

Rose is a database storage engine for high-throughput replication. It targets seek-limited, write-intensive transaction processing workloads that perform near real-time decision support and analytical processing queries. Rose uses log structured merge (LSM) trees to create full database replicas using purely sequential I/O, allowing it to provide orders of magnitude more write throughput than B-tree based replicas. Also, LSM-trees cannot become fragmented and provide fast, predictable index scans. Rose's write performance relies on replicas' ability to perform writes without looking up old values. LSM-tree lookups have performance comparable to B-tree lookups. If Rose read each value that it updated then its write throughput would also be comparable to a B-tree. Although we target replication, Rose provides high write throughput to any application that updates tuples without reading existing data, such as append-only, streaming and versioning databases. We introduce a page compression format that takes advantage of LSM-tree's sequential, sorted data layout. It increases replication throughput by reducing sequential I/O, and enables efficient tree lookups by supporting small page sizes and doubling as an index of the values it stores. Any scheme that can compress data in a single pass and provide random access to compressed values could be used by Rose. Replication environments have multiple readers but only one writer. This allows Rose to provide atomicity, consistency and isolation to concurrent transactions without resorting to rollback, blocking index requests or interfering with maintenance tasks. Rose avoids random I/O during replication and scans, leaving more I/O capacity for queries than existing systems, and providing scalable, real-time replication of seek-bound workloads. Analytical models and experiments show that Rose provides orders of magnitude greater replication bandwidth over larger databases than conventional techniques.
Functions of GSK-3 Signaling in Development of the Nervous System (2011)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is central to multiple intracellular pathways including those activated by Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic Hedgehog, Notch, growth factor/RTK, and G protein-coupled receptor signals. All of these signals importantly contribute to neural development. Early attention on GSK-3 signaling in neural development centered on the regulation of neuronal polarity using in vitro paradigms. However, recent creation of appropriate genetic models has demonstrated the importance of GSK-3 to multiple aspects of neural development including neural progenitor self-renewal, neurogenesis, neuronal migration, neural differentiation, and synaptic development.
Single-molecule sequencing reveals the molecular basis of multidrug-resistance in ST772 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2015)

The genomic characteristics presented here emphasize the contribution of MGEs to the emergence of multidrug-resistant and highly virulent strains of community-associated MRSA. Antibiotic resistance was further augmented by chromosomal mutations and redundancy of resistance genes. The complete genome of DAR4145 provides a valuable resource for future investigations into the global dissemination and phylogeography of ST772-MRSA-V.
Antenna Design with Polarization Diversity for Wireless Ingestible Capsule (2019)

An antenna-in-package design is proposed for a wireless ingestible capsule operated at ISM (2.4-2.48 GHz) band, and also experimentally tested in a system level. The proposed antenna is designed for data transmission between the ingestible capsule and a smart phone using Bluetooth. A modified planar inverted-F structure is proposed for the antenna design, whose end section is bent to be vertical with respect to the substrate, mainly for considerations of frequency tuning, size reduction and polarization diversity. Firstly, a one-layer cube muscle phantom model is used for initial design and optimization. Then, a comprehensive evaluation method, with considerations of the polarization mismatch loss, is proposed to analyze the radiation performance using a CST human body model. Evaluated results indicate that, the proposed design can ensure enough margins for the link budget, despite the relative position between the capsule and the smart phone.
Effects of Yttrium Doping on a-IGZO Thin Films for Use as a Channel Layer in Thin-Film Transistors (2019)

Amorphous In−Ga−Zn−O (a-IGZO) has been studied as a channel layer in thin-film transistors (TFTs). To improve the bias-induced instability of a-IGZO TFTs, we introduced yttrium with high bond enthalpy by magnetron co-sputtering system. The Y-doped a-IGZO (a-IGZO:Y) films show relatively lower carrier concentration and higher Hall mobility, which is due to the suppression of oxygen vacancies caused by Y doping. The a-IGZO:Y showed a relatively higher transmittance in the visible light region compared to non-doped IGZO, which could be due to the decrease of shallow defect levels caused by oxygen vacancy in the band gap. The a-IGZO without Y doping showed dramatic changes in electrical properties as times progressed (over 240 h); however, the a-IGZO:Y showed no significant changes. The a-IGZO:Y TFTs demonstrated a more stable driving mode as exhibited in the positive gate bias stress test even though the values of VTH and SS were slightly degraded.
Multivariate anomaly detection in real-world industrial systems (2008)

Anomaly detection is a critical capability enabling condition-based maintenance (CBM) in complex real-world industrial systems. It involves monitoring changes to system state to detect “anomalous” behavior. Timely and reliable detection of anomalies that indicate faulty conditions can help in early fault diagnostics. This will allow for timely maintenance actions to be taken before the fault progresses and causes secondary damage to the system leading to downtime. When an anomaly is identified, it is important to isolate the source of the fault so that appropriate maintenance actions can be taken. In this paper, we introduce effective multivariate anomaly detection techniques and methods that allow fault isolation. We present experimental results from the application of these techniques to a high-bypass commercial aircraft engine.
Bayesian 3D Modeling from Images Using Multiple Depth Maps (2005)

This paper addresses the problem of reconstructing the geometry and color of a Lambertian scene, given some fully calibrated images acquired with wide baselines. In order to completely model the input data, we propose to represent the scene as a set of colored depth maps, one per input image. We formulate the problem as a Bayesian MAP problem which leads to an energy minimization method. Hidden visibility variables are used to deal with occlusion, reflections and outliers. The main contributions of this work are: a prior for the visibility variables that treats the geometric occlusions; and a prior for the multiple depth maps model that smoothes and merges the depth maps while enabling discontinuities. Real world examples showing the efficiency and limitations of the approach are presented.
Platelet-rich plasma (prp) and tendon healing: animal model (2011)

Introduction The tendon is a tissue which does not heal easily. Recently, several studies have demonstrated the positive effects of platelets on the healing process of tendons. A local injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP), which releases in situ many growth factors, has the potentiality to enhance the tendon healing process. The aim of our experiment was to ascertain by an original mechanical measure whether the use of PRP was of interest for accelerating the healing process of rats' Achilles tendons after surgical induced lesion. Methods A 5 mm defect was surgically induced in 90 rats' Achilles tendon. Rats were divided into two groups of 45: (A) control (no treatment) and (B) PRP treatment. Rats of group B received a PRP injection in situ after the surgery. Afterwards, rats of both groups were placed in their cages without immobilisation. After 5, 15 and 30 days, 10 traumatised Achilles tendons of each group were dissected and removed. Immediately after sampling, tendons were submitted to a biomechanical tensile test up to rupture, using a ‘Cryo-jaw’. After that, transcriptomic analyses were made on the tendon samples, to study the expression of type III collagen, matrix metalloproteases and tenomodulin. A hydroxyproline dosage was done to quantify the collagen in the tendon during its healing process. Tendons of the 15 remaining rats of each group were subjected to a histological study, respectively at day 5, 15 and 30 (five rats for each time). Results We demonstrated that the force necessary to induce tendon rupture during biomechanical tensile test study was greater for tendons which had been submitted to an injection of PRP compared to the control group: +19% (day 5), +30% (day 15) and +43% (day 30). Histological study showed that PRP could enhance cells proliferation, angiogenesis and collagen organisation. Our biochemical analyses did not explain beneficial effects of PRP. Indeed, there was no significant difference neither between the expression of different studied genes, nor in the quantity of hydroxyproline between both groups. Conclusion This experimentation has shown that a PRP injection could accelerate the tendons healing process and improve its quality.
Characterization of Advanced Sequential Flow Deposition (ASFD) TiON electrode in MIM structure for leakage current reduction (2016)

Advanced Sequential Flow Deposition (ASFD) TiON electrode was developed and mechanism of leakage current reduction with ASFD TiON electrode was studied. ASFD TiON film was fabricated by repeating TiN layer formation and oxidation. Resistivity and crystal structure depended on oxygen concentration in TiON film. Oxygen concentration was controlled precisely by oxidation frequency. Electrical characteristic was evaluated using Metal Insulator Metal (MIM) structure. We observed lower leakage current when oxygen concentration in TiON film was higher. Element analysis of high-k capacitance (Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /ZrO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) indicated that TiON top electrode suppressed leakage current caused by Poole-Frenkel conduction.
Purification and characterization from bovine brain cytosol of proteins that regulate the GDP/GTP exchange reaction of smg p21s, ras p21-like GTP-binding proteins. (1990)

Novel regulatory proteins for smg p21A and -B, ras p21-like GTP-binding proteins (G proteins) having the same putative effector domain as ras p21s, were purified to near homogeneity from bovine brain cytosol and characterized. These regulatory proteins, designated as GDP dissociation stimulator (GDS) 1 and -2, stimulated the dissociation of both [3H]GDP and [35S] guanosine 5'-(3-O-thio)triphosphate (GTP gamma S) from smg p21s to the same extent. smg p21 GDS1 and -2 also stimulated the binding of [35S]GTP gamma S to the GDP-bound form of smg p21s but not that to the guanine nucleotide-free form. These actions of smg p21 GDS1 and -2 were specific for smg p21s and inactive for other ras p21/ras p21-like G proteins including c-Ha-ras p21, rhoB p20, and smg p25A. Neither smg p21 GDS1 nor -2 stimulated the GTPase activity of smg p21s and by itself showed [35S]GTP gamma S-binding or GTPase activity. smg p21 GDS1 and -2 showed very similar physical and kinetic properties and were indistinguishable by peptide map analysis. The Mr values of smg p21 GDS1 and -2 were estimated to be about 53,000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and from the S values, indicating that smg p21 GDS1 and -2 are composed of a single polypeptide without a subunit structure. smg p21 GDS1 and -2 were distinguishable from GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) for the ras and rho proteins, and smg p21B, and GDP dissociation inhibitors for smg p25A and the rho proteins previously identified in bovine brain cytosol. These results indicate that bovine brain contains regulatory proteins for smg p21s that stimulate the dissociation of GDP from and thereby the subsequent binding of GTP to smg p21s in addition to smg p21 GAP. It is likely that the conversion from the GDP-bound inactive form of smg p21s to the GTP-bound active form is regulated by smg p21 GDS and that its reverse reaction is regulated by smg p21 GAP.
An NFC based consumer-level counterfeit detection framework (2013)

Counterfeit products have been a major concern in global market. There are many procedures for preventing the counterfeiting of goods, such as holograms, tamper-resistant packaging etc. However, there is still a rising trend in counterfeit goods. With the emergence of RFID systems, supply chain management is able to detect counterfeit products relatively easily. Existing techniques generally involve a centralized database and can only be implemented in an online scenario. This deprives the individual customers of using any authentication mechanism while making purchases due to the infeasibility of accessing a central database. In this paper, we analyze a recently published semi-offline scheme proposed by Alex et al. We identify limitations and weaknesses in this scheme and suggest solutions. We modify the framework to remove the main weakness and extend it to the consumer level so that a consumer can determine the legitimacy of a product. This involves Near Field Communication technology (NFC) which is now widely available in cell phones - the consumer's cell phone acts as an RFID reader and detects counterfeit products. Our solution is completely offline as it does not require a central database for product authentication. It is based on Public Key Cryptography (PKC) and a Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). It offers dual layer authentication mechanisms to customers, visual and cryptographic, without accessing the supplier's database. The main beneficiary of the proposed framework is the consumer who uses the Internet for online shopping and can authenticate a product reliably after delivery. Our scheme is stand-alone and does not require the transfer of any secret values from a centralized authority.
Synergistic Interactions of MmpL3 Inhibitors with Antitubercular Compounds <i>In Vitro</i> (2017)

A number of inhibitors of the essential <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> mycolic acid transporter, MmpL3, are currently under development as potential novel antituberculosis agents. Using the checkerboard method to study the interaction profiles of various antituberculosis drugs or experimental compounds with two different chemotypes inhibiting this transporter (indolcarboxamides and adamantyl ureas), we showed that MmpL3 inhibitors act synergistically with rifampin, bedaquiline, clofazimine, and β-lactams.
The Role of Metalloproteinases and Their Inhibitors in Hematological Disorders (1996)

The balance between the activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) is an important control point during the turnover of the extracellular matrix. Previous studies have demonstrated that an uncontrolled rate of production of these proteins leads to various pathological conditions. Overexpression of MMPs by malignant cells can increase the invasive behavior of solid tumors and their metastatic potential. In an increasing number of reports, it has become evident that expression of MMPs and TIMPs is not restricted to solid tumors. Normal and malignant hematological cells also express these proteins and play a pivotal role in the hematological-cell physiology. In addition to modifying the extracellular matrix, MMPs and TIMPs exert other functions in hematological cells, including growth-factor activity, removal of cell-surface receptors, and autoimmunity. The goal of this review is to gather recent studies concerning the properties of MMPs and TIMPs in hematological cells, their regulation of gene expression, their cellular distribution, and their potential role in the pathogenesis of hematological disorders such as inflammation and neoplasia.