gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Asymmetric Hydroarylation of Vinylarenes Using a Synergistic Combination of CuH and Pd Catalysis (2016)

Detailed in this Communication is the enantioselective synthesis of 1,1-diarylalkanes, a structure found in a range of pharmaceutical drug agents and natural products, through the employment of copper(I) hydride and palladium catalysis. Judicious choice of ligand for both Cu and Pd enabled this hydroarylation protocol to work for an extensive array of aryl bromides and styrenes, including β-substituted vinylarenes and six-membered heterocycles, under relatively mild conditions.
Granular nanoelectronics (1996)

Engineers have been proposing a new class of electronic devices that utilize quantum-mechanical principles (as opposed to classical principles) for their operation. These devices are often referred to as quantum devices or nanoelectronic devices since their physical dimensions are typically smaller than 100 nm. The granularity of electric charge (namely that it can be found only in quanta of a single electron's charge) is a quantum-mechanical property. Similarly, the granularity of an electron's "spin" (namely that only certain polarizations may be allowed) is also a quantum-mechanical property. These two "granular" properties are quite robust; they, therefore, show much promise in actual device applications. Ultrafast and ultrasmall electronic devices that utilize the granularity of electric charge (and an associated effect known as Coulomb blockade) have been proposed for years. Boolean logic gates, combinational circuits and sequential memory have been designed with them. "Single electron transistors" (SET) built on this concept have been demonstrated experimentally. A newly proposed class of Boolean logic gates utilize a single electron as the primitive logic element (a bistable switch). Physical wires between devices are replaced by quantum-mechanical spin-spin couplings which communicate signals across the chip. These are unusual features which distinguish a "quantum circuit" from a conventional classical architecture.
[Therapeutic effect of anisodamine on acute lung injury induced by oleic acid in dogs]. (1989)

Acute lung injury was inflicted in 30 dogs with an intravenous injection of oleic acid of the dose 0.06 ml/kg. Half of the animals were treated with anisodamine. Another 5 dogs were injected with saline to serve as control. The dynamic changes of total hemolytic complement activity, neutrophil aggregation rate, platelet aggregation rate, fibrin degradation products, white cell count and platelet count in both the peripheral arterial and venous blood, and blood gas analysis were tested. The pathological and clinical changes were also observed. The results of the study suggest that the pathogenesis of oleic acid-induced acute lung injury was apparently related to the increase of complement activation, neutrophil aggregating activity, and blood coagulation. The therapeutic effect of anisodamine can be enhanced if the complement neutrophil-fibrin degradation products pathway is blocked.
Macromolecular Substrate-Binding Exosites on Both the Heavy and Light Chains of Factor XIa Mediate the Formation of the Michaelis Complex Required for Factor IX-Activation (2007)

Binding of factor IX (FIX) to an exosite on the heavy chain of factor XIa (FXIa) is essential for the optimal activation of FIX (Sinha, D., Seaman, F. S., and Walsh, P. N. (1987) Biochemistry 26, 3768-3775). To gain further insight into the mechanisms of activation of FIX by FXIa, we have investigated the kinetic properties of FXIa-light chain (FXIa-LC) with its active site occupied by either a reversible inhibitor of serine proteases (p-aminobenzamidine, PAB) or a small peptidyl substrate (S-2366) and have examined FIX cleavage products resulting from activation by FXIa or FXIa-LC. PAB inhibited the hydrolysis of S-2366 by FXIa-LC in a classically competitive fashion. In contrast, PAB was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of the activation of the macromolecular substrate FIX. Occupancy of the active site of the FXIa-LC by S-2366 also resulted in noncompetitive inhibition of FIX activation. These results demonstrate the presence of an exosite for FIX binding on the FXIa-LC remote from its active site. Furthermore, examination of the cleavage products of FIX indicated that in the absence of either Ca2+ or the heavy chain of FXIa there was substantial accumulation of the inactive intermediate FIXalpha, indicating a slower rate of cleavage of the scissile bond Arg180-Val181. We conclude that binding to two substrate-binding exosites one on the heavy chain and the other on the light chain of FXIa is required to mediate the formation of the Michaelis complex and efficient cleavages of the two spatially separated scissile bonds of FIX.
The effect of age on the quality of bone scans using technetium-99m pyrophosphate. (1981)

An inverse linear correlation was found between patients' ages and the quality of bone scans. The degrees to which radionuclides were visible in soft tissue, kidneys, and particularly cancellous bone were the basis of this correlation.
Cell death: a review of the major forms of apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy (2019)

Cell death was once believed to be the result of one of two distinct processes, apoptosis (also known as programmed cell death) or necrosis (uncontrolled cell death); in recent years, however, several other forms of cell death have been discovered highlighting that a cell can die via a number of differing pathways. Apoptosis is characterised by a number of characteristic morphological changes in the structure of the cell, together with a number of enzyme-dependent biochemical processes. The result being the clearance of cells from the body, with minimal damage to surrounding tissues. Necrosis, however, is generally characterised to be the uncontrolled death of the cell, usually following a severe insult, resulting in spillage of the contents of the cell into surrounding tissues and subsequent damage thereof. Failure of apoptosis and the resultant accumulation of damaged cells in the body can result in various forms of cancer. An understanding of the pathways is therefore important in developing efficient chemotherapeutics. It has recently become clear that there exists a number of subtypes of apoptosis and that there is an overlap between apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of the current knowledge relating to the various forms of cell death, including apoptosis, necrosis, oncosis, pyroptosis and autophagy. This will provide researchers with a summary of the major forms of cell death and allow them to compare and contrast between them.
GaAs Clusters in the Quantum Size Regime: Growth on High Surface Area Silica by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1989)

Molecular beam epitaxy has been used to grow microcrystalline clusters of gallium arsenide (GaAs) in the size range from 2.5 to 60 nanometers on high-purity, amorphous silica supports. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that clusters as small as 3.5 nanometers have good crystalline order with a lattice constant equal to that of bulk GaAs. Study of the microcrystallite surfaces by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows that they are covered with a shell (1.0 to 1.5 nanometers thick) of native oxides of gallium and arsenic (Ga(2)O(3) and As(2)O(3)), whose presence could explain the low luminescence efficiency of the clusters. Optical absorption spectra of the supported GaAs are consistent with the blue-shifted band edge expected for semiconductor microcrystallites in the quantum size regime.
Explicit loss indication and accurate RTO estimation for TCP error recovery using satellite links (1997)

The TCP protocol has been optimised to provide reliable operation over an internet of packet networks. A satellite link, particularly one using a terminal with a small aperture antenna, has features which differ from those of a terrestrial communication network, such as high propagation delay and a varying (often high) level of errors. Although TCP provides a reliable service, it does not always perform efficiently over a satellite link. The main weaknesses of TCP over a satellite link are the interaction between the TCP error recovery procedure and congestion control procedures and the inaccuracy of retransmission time-out estimation. These weaknesses are analysed, and a number of methods for improving the performance of TCP are presented. The improvements may be implemented by modifying the TCP transport protocol in the end-systems.
Adjuvant Immunotherapy to Improve Outcome in High-Risk Pediatric Sarcomas (2016)

Adjuvant immunotherapy may improve survival in patients with metastatic pediatric sarcoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(13); 3182-91. ©2016 AACR.
Bandwidth efficient adaptive forward error correction mechanism with feedback channel (2014)

Multimedia content is very sensitive to packet loss and therefore multimedia streams are typically protected against packet loss, either by supporting retransmission requests or by adding redundant forward error correction (FEC) data. However, the redundant FEC information introduces significant additional bandwidth requirements, as compared to the bitrate of the original video stream. Especially on wireless and mobile networks, bandwidth availability is limited and variable. In this article, an adaptive FEC (A-FEC) system is presented whereby the redundancy rate is dynamically adjusted to the packet loss, based on feedback messages from the client. We present a statistical model of our A-FEC system and validate the proposed system under different packet loss conditions and loss probabilities. The experimental results show that 57-95% bandwidth gain can be achieved compared with a static FEC approach.
250 W HVHBT Doherty With 57% WCDMA Efficiency Linearized to ${-}$55 dBc for 2c11 6.5 dB PAR (2008)

A two-way symmetrical Doherty amplifier exhibiting 250 W saturated power has been developed using high-voltage HBT (HVHBT) GaAs technology biased at 28 V on the collector. Greater than 57% collector efficiency at 50 W (47 dBm) average output power has been demonstrated while achieving -55 dBc linearized ACPR at 5 MHz offset using a two-carrier-side-by-side WCDMA input signal with 6.5 dB PAR measured at 0.01% probability on the CCDF. In addition, a two-stage HVHBT lineup exhibiting 450 W (56.5 dBm) peak power has been demonstrated. The output stage consists of a pair of 250 W two-way symmetrical Doherty amplifiers power combined using a low-loss branchline combiner and driven by a single-ended 100 W class AB high-efficiency amplifier. The lineup demonstrated 44% PAE at 100 W (50 dBm) average output power with 25 dB lineup gain while achieving - 55 dBc linearized ACPR at 5 MHz offset using a two-carrier-side-by-side WCDMA input signal with 6.5 dB PAR measured at 0.01% probability on the CCDF. The lineup exhibits 400 W (56 dBm) PldB at 60% PAE CW, with 45% PAE at 6 dB backoff.
HiSpOD: probe design for functional DNA microarrays (2011)

http://fc.isima.fr/~g2im/hispod/.
3M unveils a major new library technology system (2000)

Description de la gamme 3M de produits d'identification destines a identifier, suivre et securiser le materiel de bibliotheque (livres, disques compacts, cassettes video...)
Multi-Gigahertz Synchronous Sampling and Triggering (SST) Circuit with Picosecond Timing Resolution (2017)

The Antarctic Ross Ice shelf ANtenna Neutrino Array (ARIANNA) particle physics experiment aims to detect ultra-high energy neutrinos originating outside our solar system. A second generation detector prototype for the experiment has been developed and successfully deployed in Antarctica. The second generation detector is based on the Synchronous Sampling and Triggering (SST) integrated circuit. This dissertation focuses on the design and performance of the SST chip.Fabricated in a 0.25um CMOS process, the SST is a low power data acquisition circuit that monitors for potential neutrino signals and preserves candidate signals. The waveform capture is performed with a 256-cell time-interleaved sampling array. Continuous sampling operation is achieved through circular cycling across the array. The synchronous sampling clock generation allows for sampling rates that span six orders of magnitude (i.e. ranging between 2.0 KHz and 2.0 GHz). The analog bandwidth (-3dB frequency) of the SST reaches 1.5 GHz, allowing for the capture of frequency components up to the Nyquist frequency. The SST integrates four channels of waveform capture functionality into a single chip. Each SST channel includes event triggering to initiate the signal capture of neutrino events, and to reject random noise signals. Events are triggered based on outputs from a pair of high speed comparators that monitor for bipolar threshold crossings. Multiple triggering options are available on the SST, including direct output of the comparator signals and triggering on dual threshold crossings occurring within a programmable time window. The SST chip utilizes an external low jitter LVDS oscillator to synchronously generate an internal sampling clock with low timing jitter. The fixed pattern timing noise was characterized through two different approaches: a stochastic zero crossing method and a Monte Carlo based simulated annealing method. After calibrating for fixed pattern timing noise, the SST achieves inter channel timing resolutions between 1.15 ps (RMS) and 2.36 ps (RMS).
Spectral analysis using generalized cepstrum (1984)

In this paper, we present a generalization of the cepstral method from the viewpoint of spectral smoothing for speech. We use a natural generalization of the logarithmic function instead of the logarithmic function itself and we refer to the spectral representation parameter on the "generalized logarithmic" scale as the "generalized cepstrum," which corresponds to the cepstrum on the logarithmic scale. A number of properties of the generalized cepstrum are shown, and are compared to the cepstrum.
2D instantaneous frequency-based method for motion estimation using total variation (2014)

We present a first approach to a new method to compute the motion estimation in digital videos using the two-dimensional instantaneous frequency information computed using amplitude-modulation frequency-modulation (AM-FM) methods. The optical flow vectors are computed using an iteratively reweighted norm for total variation (IRN-TV) algorithm. We compare the proposed method using synthetic videos versus a previous three-dimensional AM-FM based method and available motion estimation methods such as a phase-based, Horn-Schunck and the Lucas-Kanade methods. The results are promising producing a full density estimation with more accurate results than the other methods.
Dilute Acid Hydrolysis of Loblolly Pine: A Comprehensive Approach (2008)

A comprehensive study of the acid hydrolysis of the softwood species, Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda), using different hydrolysis conditions is presented. The effect of the type of acid, pH, reaction temperature, and reaction time on hydrolysis products such as monosaccharides (mannose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose) and the subsequent degradation products, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furaldehyde (HMF) and 2-furaldehyde (furfural) is reported using a batch reactor. Trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) is found to yield the highest amount of overall soluble monosaccharides (∼70% yield from the hemicelluloses fraction) at 150 °C at pH 1.65. The mineral acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, and H3PO4) gave a slightly lower yield of monosaccharides from hydrolyzed hemicellulose (∼60%). At 200 °C, cellulose is hydrolyzed by the mineral acids as evidenced by higher levels of solid dissolution and higher soluble hexose (relative to pentose) yields. Larger amounts of degradation products are also noted at higher temperatures. Furthermore, an increased amount of HMF and furfural is noted in the liquid product as compared to lower temperatures. TFA was found to be the most “gentle” acid, leading to limited monosaccharide degradation among the acids used. The presence of soluble oligosaccharides in solution after hydrolysis was confirmed by applying a secondary acid hydrolysis to the solid-free liquid hydrolysate. Good closure of mass balances was possible using total organic carbon (TOC) analysis.
Assessment of severity and burden of pruritus (2016)

Chronic pruritus is a complex multifactorial symptom associated with many different diseases that represents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for physicians. In order to better manage chronic pruritus, a detailed medical history, individualized diagnostic procedures and treatment approaches are necessary. Treatment should not only take itch into consideration, but also scratching-induced skin lesions and accompanying disorders such as anxiety, depression and insomnia. Various standardized questionnaires and scales have been developed to assist in the characterization and assessment of these parameters. Monodimensional scales (e.g. the visual analogue scale) represent a simple method for assessing pruritus intensity and are frequently used; however, they can easily be confounded and may indicate the level of satisfaction regarding the medical care provided rather than the itch course. The Dynamic Pruritus Score and Itch-Free Days questionnaire enable a closer assessment of patient responses to treatment. Because chronic pruritus has the potential to greatly impact the quality of life, it is important that physicians recognize it as a major issue. The Dermatology Quality of Life Index is an instrument that is used in a variety of dermatological conditions, but may be unsuitable for measuring pruritus of extracutaneous origin. The ItchyQol is a tool designed specifically for those suffering from pruritus. Additional tools, such as the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, take psychiatric comorbidities into consideration. Recommendations from European (EADV-based Task Force Pruritus) and international (International Forum for the Study of Itch) expert groups focusing on assessment instruments for chronic pruritus are also provided in this article.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIAL BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE AGENTS PART 8, SYNTHESIS OF 2‐METHYL (AND STYRYL)‐3‐ARYL‐4‐(3H)‐QUINAZOLONES (1975)

Abstract 2‐Methyl‐3‐aryl‐4‐(3H)‐chinazolone (IV) werden aus Anthranilsäure (I) über Acetanthranil (II) und die: Aminobenzoesäureester (III) dargestellt.
Urban WSNs Routing Requirements in Low Power and Lossy Networks (2008)

The application-specific routing requirements for Urban Low Power and
Lossy Networks (U-LLNs) are presented in this document. In the near
future, sensing and actuating nodes will be placed outdoors in urban
environments so as to improve the people's living conditions as
well as to monitor compliance with increasingly strict environmental
laws. These field nodes are expected to measure and report a wide
gamut of data, such as required in smart metering, waste disposal,
meteorological, pollution and allergy reporting applications. The
majority of these nodes is expected to communicate wirelessly which -
given the limited radio range and the large number of nodes - requires
the use of suitable routing protocols. The design of such protocols
will be mainly impacted by the limited resources of the nodes (memory,
processing power, battery, etc.) and the particularities of the
outdoor urban application scenarios. As such, for a wireless Routing
Over Low power and Lossy networks (ROLL) solution to be useful, the
protocol(s) ought to be energy-efficient, scalable, and autonomous.
This documents aims to specify a set of requirements reflecting these
and further U-LLNs tailored characteristics.
Apolipoprotein E genotypes among diverse middle-aged and older Latinos: Study of Latinos-Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results (HCHS/SOL) (2018)

The apoE4 isoform is associated with increased cholesterol, cardiovascular risk, and Alzheimer's Disease risk, however, its distribution is not well-understood among US Latinos. Latinos living in the US are highly Amerindian, European and African admixed, which varies by region and country of origin. However, Latino genetic diversity is understudied and consequently poorly understood, which has significant implications for understanding disease risk in nearly one-fifth of the US population. In this report we describe apoE distributions in a large and representative sample of diverse, genetically determined US Latinos.
Spinal Cord Injury Induces Lesional Expression of the Proinflammatory and Antiangiogenic Cytokine EMAP II (2003)

Inflammatory cellular responses to spinal cord injury are promoted by proinflammatory messengers. We have analyzed expression of endothelial monocyte activating polypeptide II (EMAP II), a proinflammatory, antiangiogenic cytokine in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI) in comparison to normal rat spinal cords. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated a highly significant (p < 0.0001) accumulation of EMAP II(+) microglia/macrophages at the lesion site compared to remote areas and uninjured controls. After peaking at day 3, EMAP II(+) microglia/macrophage cell numbers declined gradually until day 28 after SCI-but still remained elevated. Further, EMAP II(+) cells formed clusters in perivascular Virchow-Robin spaces reaching a maximum at day 3. Prolonged accumulation of EMAP II(+), ED1(+) microglia/macrophages suggest a role of EMAP II in the pathophysiology of secondary injury following SCI.
The structure of pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid (1992)

Pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid was extracted and purified by a novel, quick and effective procedure. Structural analysis included methylation, periodate oxidation, Smith degradation, oxidation with CrO 3 , and fast‐atom‐bombardment mass spectrometry. Hydrolysis with 48% (by mass) HF and subsequent phase partition yielded the lipid anchor (I), the dephosphorylated repeating unit of the chain (II) and a cleavage product of the latter (III). The proposed structures are: image image image where AATGal is 2‐acetamido‐4‐amino‐2,4,6‐trideoxygalactose, and all sugars are in the pyranose form and belong to the d ‐series. Alkaline phosphodiester cleavage of lipoteichoic acid, followed by treatment with phosphomonoesterase, resulted in the formation of II and IV, with IV as the prevailing species: image The linkage between the repeating units was established as phosphodiester bond between ribitol 5‐phosphate and position 6 of the glucosyl residue of adjacent units. The chain was shown to be linked to the lipid anchor by a phosphodiester between its ribitol 5‐phosphate terminus and position 6 of the non‐reducing glucosyl terminus of I. The lipoteichoic acid is polydisperse: the chain length may vary between 2 and 8 repeating units and variations were also observed for the fatty acid composition of the diacylglycerol moiety. Preliminary results suggest that repeating units II and IV are enriched in separate molecular species. All species were associated with Forssman antigenicity, albeit to a various extent when related to the non‐phosphocholine phosphorus. Owing to its unique structure, the described macroamphiphile may be classified as atypical lipoteichoic acid.