gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autoantibodies to the presumptive cytoplasmic domain of platelet glycoprotein IIIa in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura [published erratum appears in Blood 1991 Dec 1;78(11):3109] (1991)

Chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder due to autoantibodies against platelets that result in their destruction. In some patients, these autoantibodies bind to platelet glycoprotein (GP) IIIa. With the aim of better defining the antigenic epitopes, plasma from 13 selected patients with chronic ITP known to have anti-GPIIb/IIIa autoantibodies was tested for reactivity with nine synthetic peptides corresponding to different regions of the GP IIIa molecule. Of these plasmas, five bound significantly (P less than .001) with either peptide 8 (amino acids 721-744) or peptide 9 (amino acids 742-762), which together form most of the carboxyterminal region presumed to be the cytoplasmic domain. Three of these positive plasmas, were tested further. In two of these positive plasmas, the anti-peptide antibodies represented greater than 80% of the detectable circulating autoantibody. To further evaluate the importance of the carboxyterminal region as an antigenic site, the chronic ITP plasmas were tested against Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with GPIIb and either whole GPIIIa or GPIIIa lacking amino acids 728 to 762. Ten of the 13 plasmas required the presence of this region for significant autoantibody binding. We conclude that the carboxyterminal region is an important area for stimulating antiplatelet autoantibody formation in some patients with chronic ITP. It is not known whether these autoantibodies to the presumed cytoplasmic domain play an important role in the pathogenesis of the disease or occur as a secondary phenomenon during the course of platelet destruction.
MEASUREMENT OF HUMIDITY ABOVE TEMPERATURE OF 100°C WITH A DOUBLE-WICK WET BULB PSYCHROMETER (1983)

ABSTRACT A need exists for a simple device to measure the psychrometric properties of high temperature and high humidity air. To meet this need, a small laboratory double-wick psychrometer was developed and tested which showed good results to 175°C dry bulb temperature and 100°C wet bulb temperature. Based on the results of the laboratory unit, a portable prototype psychrometric system was designed and built. The overall design provided quick measurement and indication of wet bulb temperature, dry bulb temperature, humidity, and enthalpy of a high temperature air stream.
Sea of leads ultra high-density compliant wafer-level packaging technology (2003)

Sea of leads (SoL) is a novel ultra high-density compliant wafer-level packaging technology. SoL extends wafer-level batch processing of multilayer on-chip interconnect networks to include x-y-z compliant chip input/output (I/O) interconnects with a density exceeding 10/sup 4/ leads per cm/sup 2/. A package with 12/spl times/10/sup 3/ compliant leads distributed across a cm/sup 2/ has been demonstrated. The compliance enables wafer-level testing as well as eliminates the need for underfill between chips and substrates with a CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) mismatch thereby enhancing reliability, electrical performance, manufacturing throughput, and cost. Two methods of fabricating nonadherent or 'slippery' leads are demonstrated. The fabrication of slippery leads is desirable because adhesion between the lead and the package polymer layer is eliminated thereby freeing the leads to stretch and contract during thermal cycling. Compared to adherent leads, preliminary results show that slippery leads enhance the overall in-plane compliance. Moreover, the feasible z-axis compliance attained from polymer films with and without embedded air-gaps is compared.
In vivo therapeutic potential of Dicer-hunting siRNAs targeting infectious hepatitis C virus. (2014)

The development of RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapy faces two major obstacles: selecting small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences with strong activity, and identifying a carrier that allows efficient delivery to target organs. Additionally, conservative region at nucleotide level must be targeted for RNAi in applying to virus because hepatitis C virus (HCV) could escape from therapeutic pressure with genome mutations. In vitro preparation of Dicer-generated siRNAs targeting a conserved, highly ordered HCV 5' untranslated region are capable of inducing strong RNAi activity. By dissecting the 5'-end of an RNAi-mediated cleavage site in the HCV genome, we identified potent siRNA sequences, which we designate as Dicer-hunting siRNAs (dh-siRNAs). Furthermore, formulation of the dh-siRNAs in an optimized multifunctional envelope-type nano device inhibited ongoing infectious HCV replication in human hepatocytes in vivo. Our efforts using both identification of optimal siRNA sequences and delivery to human hepatocytes suggest therapeutic potential of siRNA for a virus.
Optimal User Pairing for Multiuser MIMO (2008)

In this paper we show how the capacity of the uplink of a multiuser system can be increased by a scheduling strategy, which pairs the transmission of users in different time/frequency/code slots according to the channel quality. The optimal scheduling strategy is equivalent to a combinatorial optimization problem. We show how this problem can be solved efficiently by using the Hungarian method. We then show that, by using the proposed scheduling scheme, the performance of minimum mean square error detection approaches the one of maximum likelihood detection, as the number of users increases.
A Quasi‐Chemical Kinetics Model for the Growth and Death of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in Intermediate Moisture Bread (2003)

ABSTRACT: The “quasi‐chemical” kinetics model accounts for all 4 phases of the microbial lifecycle based on a proposed series of chemical rate equations. The model fits continuous growth‐death kinetics for Staphylococcus aureus in intermediate moisture bread in various conditions of water activity, pH, and temperature. Growth rates evaluated using the quasi‐chemical model are compared with values obtained with the Gompertz model. Kinetics data obtained with the quasi‐chemical model are integrated with a probabilistic approach to estimate the boundary between growth and no‐growth conditions. Continuous modeling of microbial growth/death kinetics in actual foods advances predictive modeling that conventionally separates growth and death models.
Poster: Single channel, full-duplex wireless (2011)

This poster presents the design of single channel full-duplex wireless radios. The design uses a combination of RF and baseband techniques to achieve full-duplexing with minimal effect on link reliability. The poster shows two designs with different RF cancellation techniques, Antenna Cancellation and Signal Inversion Cancellation. It also discusses potential MAC and network gains with full-duplexing. It suggests ways in which a full-duplex system can solve some important problems with existing wireless systems including hidden terminals, loss of throughput due to congestion, and large end-to-end delays.
Development of immune assay system for both CpG and non‐CpG DNA from lactic acid bacteria using a transfectant of swine Toll‐like receptor 9 (2004)

ABSTRACT Bacterial DNA is expected to be a potent immune stimulating agent to Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 9 expressed cells such as macrophages, monocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells. In the present study, we constructed a transfectant of swine TLR9 with mammalian cells. We demonstrated that the transfectant, recognizing both CpG and non‐CpG oligonucleotides from lactic acid bacteria, induced NF‐κB activation by gene reporter assay. These findings indicate that the swine TLR9 transfectant will be highly useful for the screening of immunostimulatory DNA from lactic acid bacteria.
Targeting a Glioblastoma Cancer Stem-Cell Population Defined by EGF Receptor Variant III (2013)

The relationship between mutated proteins and the cancer stem-cell population is unclear. Glioblastoma tumors frequently express EGFRvIII, an EGF receptor (EGFR) variant that arises via gene rearrangement and amplification. However, expression of EGFRvIII is restricted despite the prevalence of the alteration. Here, we show that EGFRvIII is highly coexpressed with CD133 and that EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) defines the population of cancer stem cells (CSC) with the highest degree of self-renewal and tumor-initiating ability. EGFRvIII(+) cells are associated with other stem/progenitor markers, whereas markers of differentiation are found in EGFRvIII(-) cells. EGFRvIII expression is lost in standard cell culture, but its expression is maintained in tumor sphere culture, and cultured cells also retain the EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) coexpression, self-renewal, and tumor initiating abilities. Elimination of the EGFRvIII(+)/CD133(+) population using a bispecific antibody reduced tumorigenicity of implanted tumor cells better than any reagent directed against a single epitope. This work demonstrates that a mutated oncogene can have CSC-specific expression and be used to specifically target this population.
Evaluation of Various Damping Treatments for Stay Cables, #362 (2000)

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is caused by the failure of neuromuscular transmission mediated by autoantibodies. That is, the binding of autoantibodies to postsynaptic membranes in neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) results in weakening of the ocular, bulbar and limb muscles and produces the characteristic syndrome of MG. About 80 to 85% of patients witth MG have autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors (AChR). Antibodies against muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) have been found in 30% of MG patients without AChR antibodies. Here we describe recent progress toward understanding the pathogenic role of MuSK antibodies in the decline of muscle strength that typifies MG.
Optimized CM Fortran compiler for the Connection Machine computer (1992)

Describes the techniques that are used in the CM Fortran 1.0 compiler to map the fine-grained array parallelism of Fortran 90 onto the CM-2 architecture. The compiler views the parallel hardware at a much lower level of detail than did previous CM-2 compilers, which had targeted a function library named Paris. In the slicewise machine model used by CM Fortran 1.0, the FPUs, their registers, and the memory hierarchy are directly exposed to the compiler. Thus, the CM-2 target machine is not 64K simple bit-serial processors. Rather, the target is a machine containing 2K PEs (processing elements), where each PE is both superpipelined and superscalar. The compiler uses data distribution to spread the problem out among the 2K processors. A new compiler phase is used to separate the code that runs on the two types of processors in the CM: the parallel PEs, which execute a new RISC-like instruction set called PEAC, and the scalar front-end processor, which executes SPARC or VAX assembler code. The pipelines in PEs are filled by using conventional vector processing techniques along with a new, RISC-like vector instruction set. An innovative scheduler overlaps the execution of a number of RISC operations. This new compiler has greatly increased the performance of Fortran codes on the CM-2 on many important computation kernels, such as climate modeling, seismic processing, and hydrodynamics simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human Anti–Human IL-18 Antibody Recognizing the IL-18–Binding Site 3 with IL-18 Signaling Blocking Activity (2005)

IL-18 is an important regulator in both innate and acquired immune responses. The aberrant expression of IL-18 is associated with severe inflammatory conditions, such as autoimmune diseases and allergies. Thus, human antibodies with inhibitory activity on IL-18 signaling may be useful for therapeutic applications. We report here the first establishment of an antagonistic anti-IL-18 complete human antibody, h18-108, employing a human single chain antibody (scFv)-displaying phage library. The h18-108 scFv inhibited the IFN-gamma production of a human myelomonocytic cell line, KG-1. Flow cytometry analysis showed that h18-108 blocked the binding of IL-18 to KG-1 cells. Epitope mapping analysis using two kinds of random peptide-displaying phage libraries and an IL-18 alanine mutant (D98A) demonstrated that the h18-108 scFv binds to the site 3 of IL-18, which is suggested to be an association site with the IL-18 receptor beta. The complete human Fab and IgG forms of h18-108 have been successfully constructed to attain increases in both binding affinity and inhibitory activity.
Adenosine A<sub>1</sub> receptor and ligand molecular modeling (1993)

This symposium provided a forum for presentations by the relevant groups on ligand design and ligand binding on the adenosine A<sub>1</sub>, receptor. Agreement appears to exist that the "N<sup>6</sup>-C<sup>8</sup>" model of ligand binding to the receptor is the preferred mode. A consensus has not yet been reached on the actual placement of the ligand in the receptor and the exact amino acids which interact in its binding. Two viable models exist at present. Both can be tested with selective site-directed mutagenic studies on the A<sub>1</sub> receptor as well as with additional designed ligands.
<title>Charge-transfer polymers: a new class of materials for nonlinear optics</title> (1996)

Holographic recording has been demonstrated in conducting polymer/C60 blends. These materials allow ultrafast holographic recording and the ability to tailor the decay dynamics of the recorded hologram. Diffraction efficiencies up to 1.6 percent have been measured in these materials for gratings recorded with individual laser pulses. Results are presented that demonstrate that an improved signal-to-noise ratio is obtained when holographic detection is used to observe the dynamics of photo-induced absorption.
Trend in Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Transition Metal Oxide Surfaces (2013)

Perovskite transition metal oxides exhibit high electrocatalytic activities for both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), comparable to the state-of-the-art precious metal/metal oxide catalysts in alkaline environment. To better understand the origin of these oxygen electrocatalytic activities, we survey physical-chemical trends in the perovskites and their relations to the ORR activity, from which we postulate the role of the electronic states in stabilizing the reaction intermediates and facilitating oxygen charge transfer. Our finding supports the role of the electronic states in governing the metal–oxygen bond strength and the degree of mixing between the metal and the oxygen states as the underlying physical-chemical properties that control the activities of the perovskite oxides for oxygen electrocatalysis.
Rotary-valved, multiple-cycle, pulse detonation engine experimental demonstration (1997)

The experimental demonstration of two boiler-plate Pulse Detonation Engines (PDEs) which incorporated a proprietary rotary valve design, multiple combustors, and utilized hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon fuels is described in this paper. A series of experiments with a rotary-valved single-combustor pulse detonation engine (RVSPDE) and a rotary-valved, multiple-combustor pulse detonation engine (RVMPDE) are described. Single and multiple combustors with 2 inch internal diameters and 36 inch length were utilized with a rotary valve mechanism to meter the flow of air into the combustors as well as isolate the air inlet from the high pressures produced by the detonative combustion process. Measured parameters of interest included thrust force histories, thrust wall pressure histories, combustor wall pressure histories, and oxidizer and fuel mass flow rates. Firing rates of up to approximately 12 Hz per combustor were achieved for durations of several seconds and were limited solely by the design of the experiment apparatus and not by fundamental physics of PDE operation. Proof of concept of RVMPDE operation was successfully demonstrated.
Scanning Probes of Nonlinear Properties in Complex Materials (2004)

Nonlinear materials have found wide applications in electronic devices. Of special importance and interest are those with varistor-type grain boundaries and those displaying large piezoelectric and electrostrictive responses to external fields. To access the local properties of these materials, we have designed two new contact mode scanning probe techniques. The first technique referred to as nanoimpedance microscopy/spectroscopy, which incorporates impedance spectroscopy with a conducting AFM tip as an electrode, has been demonstrated on measuring local grain boundary properties of a ZnO varistor, as well as the contact quality between AFM tip and a ferroelectric sample. The other technique referred to as second harmonic piezoresponse force microscopy developed to measure the electrosctriction has been demonstrated on ferroelectric polymer thin film. A theoretical model has been presented to describe the contrast formation of the second harmonic as well as the first harmonic (piezoresponse) images and to explain the observed hysteretic field dependence of the second harmonic amplitude signal.
The efficacy of recombinant turkey herpesvirus vaccines targeting the H5 of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus from the 2014–2015 North American outbreak (2017)

The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in North American poultry during 2014 and 2015 demonstrated the devastating effects of the disease and highlighted the need for effective emergency vaccine prevention and control strategies targeted at currently circulating strains. This study evaluated the efficacy of experimental recombinant turkey herpesvirus vector vaccines with three different inserts targeting the hemagglutinin gene of an isolate from the recent North American influenza outbreak. White leghorn chickens were vaccinated at one day of age and challenged with A/Turkey/Minnesota/12582/2015 H5N2 at 4 weeks of age. Birds were analyzed for survival, viral shedding at two and four days after infection, and specific antibody prior to challenge and from surviving birds. The three experimental vaccines demonstrated 100%, 45% and 15% survival with the most effective vaccine significantly reducing oral and cloacal viral shedding compared to all other groups and generated specific antibody prior to challenge with highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. More studies are needed using diverse H5Nx highly pathogenic virus isolates to fully determine the breadth of coverage against possible exposure strains, as well as possible impact of maternally derived antibody on protection and vaccine efficacy.
Geometry Calibration of a Dual Headed SPECT System, with Rocking Motion Correction, for Small Animal Imaging (2006)

A method for simultaneous geometry calibration of a dual detector SPECT system for small animal imaging is presented. For multi-headed SPECT systems, it is desirable that all detectors are calibrated with respect to a common spatial coordinate system, so that projection data from both detectors can be used to reconstruct the common object in the same image space. We adapted Beque's geometry calibration procedure. We show that the procedure can be applied to a dual-headed imaging system by optimizing the combined objective function. Initially, the measured and predicted paths of calibration point sources had significant systematic differences which were dominant in the axial direction. The problem was caused by flexing of the gantry support due to the heavy weight of the detectors. While various correction models of different complexity and assumptions could be applied, we found that the errors were corrected well by including an angle-dependent sinusoidal function to the z-coordinate, which is in the axial direction
Improved Optical Pseudospark Switch. (1993)

Abstract : Disclosed is a high-voltage, high-current, multichannel, optically-triggered switch with the potential for improved lifetime of operation. Triggering of the switch is accomplished by ultraviolet illumination of multiple cathode apertures via fiber-optic cables. The trigger optics for each channel, being composed of a fiber-optic cable terminated by some collimating optics, are protected from damaging metalization by enclosing them in an angled metal or dielectric tubes in the cathode backspace. The use of collimating optics at the output of the fiber allows the fiber to be recessed inside the shield tube, providing further protection from discharge by-products
BoxNet: A Deep Learning Method for 2D Bounding Box Estimation from Bird's-Eye View Point Cloud (2019)

We present a learning-based method to estimate the object bounding box from its 2D bird's-eye view (BEV) LiDAR points. Our method, entitled BoxNet, exploits a simple deep neural network that can efficiently handle unordered points. The method takes as input the 2D coordinates of all the points and the output is a vector consisting of both the box pose (position and orientation in LiDAR coordinate system) and its size (width and length). In order to deal with the angle discontinuity problem, we propose to estimate the double-angle sinusoidal values rather than the angle itself. We also predict the center relative to the point cloud mean to boost the performance of estimating the location of the box. The proposed method does not rely on the ordering of points as in many existing approaches, and can accurately predict the actual size of the bounding box based on the prior information that is obtained from the training data. BoxNet is validated using the KITTI 3D object dataset, with significant improvement compared with the state-of-the-art non-learning based methods.
Studies on the biotin-binding site of streptavidin. Tryptophan residues involved in the active site (1988)

Egg-white avidin was modified with the tryptophan-specific reagent 2-hydroxy-5-nitrobenzyl bromide. The complete loss of biotin-binding activity was achieved upon modification of an average of one tryptophan residue per avidin subunit. The identity of the modified residues was determined by isolating the relevant tryptic and chymotryptic peptides from CNBr-cleaved avidin fragments. The results demonstrate that Trp-70 and Trp-110 are modified in approximately equivalent proportions. It is believed that these residues are located in the active site of avidin and take part in the binding of biotin.
MUC1 mucin-mediated regulation of human T cells (2005)

MUC1 mucin is expressed by normal human epithelial cells and is overproduced in underglycosylated form by malignant epithelial cells. A number of anticancer immunotherapeutic strategies are being designed with the goal of inducing humoral and cellular immune responses against MUC1 mucin. Newly synthesized MUC1 mucin is also expressed on polyclonally stimulated human T cells. An immunoregulatory role has been postulated for MUC1 mucin expressed by activated T cells. We now show that several MUC1 peptide and glycopeptide epitope specific antibodies bind to activated T cells and inhibit their proliferation. Inhibition by antibody B27.29 could be reversed by glycopeptide haptens specific for the antibody. Intact antibody B27.29 and its divalent F(ab')(2) fragment inhibited the proliferation of T cells undergoing T cell activation but the monovalent Fab' fragment did not, indicating that cross-linking of the MUC1 antigen on T cells is required for the inhibitory effect. MUC1 expression on activated T cells was increased in the presence of IL-12 but was not affected by IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13 or TNF-alpha. Treatment of T cells inhibited by monoclonal antibody (MAb) B27.29 with either IL-2 or costimulatory anti-CD28 antibody restored proliferation to a level equivalent to that of control cultures. These results provide further support for the hypothesis that the expression of MUC1 on the activated T cell surface is associated with the regulation of T cell responses.