gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Algorithms for color look-up-table (LUT) design via joint optimization of node locations and output values (2010)

Real-time processing constraints entail that non-linear color transforms be implemented using multi-dimensional look-up-tables (LUT). Further, relatively sparse LUTs (with efficient interpolation) are employed in practice because of storage and memory constraints. Much research has been devoted towards optimizing “nodes” (or equivalently partitioning the input color space) of this color LUT based on the curvature of the color transform to be processed through the LUT. Likewise, for a given LUT structure, the optimization of transform output values has been suggested so as to minimize interpolation error in an expected sense even if the values stored in the LUT do not agree with true transform output values. This paper presents a principled algorithmic approach to combine the merits of these two complementary techniques. The error (cost) function does not exhibit joint convexity over the multidimensional variable sets of node locations and corresponding output values which makes this optimization particularly challenging. The paper makes two significant contributions: 1.) for the case of simplex interpolation, a cost function is formulated that exhibits separable convexity in its arguments and enables an efficient alternating convex optimization algorithm, and 2.) in the aforementioned framework, for fixed node outputs, the optimization of node locations is split into a primary and an auxiliary optimization, which greatly improves the quality of the solution over traditional alternatives where node locations are directly optimized. Preliminary experiments show remarkable improvements in color transform accuracy over what is obtained by individually optimizing just the node locations or output values.
Steam-Stable Basic Immobilized Amine Sorbent Pellets for CO<sub>2</sub> Capture Under Practical Conditions (2019)

Pelletization of basic immobilized amine sorbent (BIAS) particles is required to improve their mechanical strength and facilitate their practical CO<sub>2</sub> capture application under fixed or dynamic reactor conditions. Herein, we utilized two methods to prepare amine-functionalized BIAS pellets. Method (ii-a) involved combining latex polychloroprene (PC)/polyamine solutions with fly ash (FA)/BIAS powder to form sorbent pellets. Alternatively, method (ii-b) entailed shaping and drying wet pastes of binder solution plus FA/SiO<sub>2</sub> powder into pellet supports. These supports were then functionalized with leach-resistant polyethylenimine MW = 800 (PEI<sub>800</sub>)/<i>N</i>-<i>N</i>-diglycidyl-4-glycidyloxyaniline (tri-epoxide cross-linker, E3) or ethylenamine E100/E3 mixtures. All pellets were screened for CO<sub>2</sub> capture by thermogravimetric analysis (dry 14% CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, 55-75 °C), H<sub>2</sub>O stability by accelerated water washing, and mechanical strength by crush and ball-mill attrition testing. The mechanism of superior method (ii-b) pellet formation was uncovered by N<sub>2</sub> physisorption measurements, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Extended fixed bed testing of optimum E3/PEI<sub>800</sub>-0.13/1 pellets under practical conditions revealed complete CO<sub>2</sub> capture stability of 1.5 mmol CO<sub>2</sub>/g after 48 h of continuous steam exposure (7.2% H<sub>2</sub>O/He, 105 °C) and minimal 14.6% loss in capacity after 75 hours of combined CO<sub>2</sub> capture cycling and steam treating (48 h). This slight oxidative degradation could be alleviated by incorporating a K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> antioxidant into the pellet formulation. Overall, the robust physiochemical properties of the polyamine/cross-linker method (ii-b) pellets confirm their suitability for pilot-scale testing.
Linear model predictive control of the locomotion of Pepper, a humanoid robot with omnidirectional wheels (2014)

The goal of this paper is to present a new real-time controller based on linear model predictive control for an omnidirectionnal wheeled humanoid robot. It is able to control both the mobile base of the robot and its body, while taking into account dynamical constraints. It makes it possible to have high velocity and acceleration motions by predicting the dynamic behavior of the robot in the future. Experimental results are proposed on the robot Pepper made by Aldebaran, showing good performance in terms of robustness and tracking control, efficiently managing kinematic and dynamical constraints.
Photochemical Dry Stripping of Silicon Nitride Films (1995)

UV photochemical processes have been developed for rapidly stripping films of LPCVD in a dry reaction environment, free of plasma or plasma effluents. These processes are carried out in a vacuum reactor which allows simultaneous exposure of a substrate wafer to a polyatomic halogen gas and UV radiation. stripping rates approaching 1000 Å/min have been demonstrated for fluorine‐based processes, while maintaining the bulk wafer temperature below 250°C. It has been shown that the mechanism for photochemical etching requires both photolytic production of gas‐phase F atoms and direct photon exposure of the etching surface. Selectivities between , , and silicon films are controlled through UV lamp exposure, substrate temperature, and with additions of diluent and various halogen‐containing gases. Selectivities for etching of greater than 30 can be achieved for the stripping of LOCOS mask layers in the presence of field oxide and pad oxide layers.
Photocatalytic and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Nitrogen‐Doped Titanium Dioxide (2003)

Sunlight cleans up! Easily obtainable nitrogen-doped titania (TiO2-N) photocatalyzes the oxidative removal of pollutants (see picture) from water and air in diffuse indoor daylight.
Effects of resistive loading on unity gain frequency of two-stage CMOS operational amplifiers (2003)

It is known that the unity gain frequency of a CMOS operational amplifier reduces with heavy resistive loading. However, the analytical expression for this parameter as predicted by the classical theory does not contain any load resistance term. Therefore, the parameter is difficult to estimate when the load resistance is low. In this paper, this problem has been investigated for two-stage CMOS operational amplifiers employing two popular compensation schemes. The final outcome of this effort is the introduction of two resistive load dependent correction factors, which when applied to the traditional formulae predicts, reasonably accurately, the shifting of the open-loop poles and the unity gain frequency with any amount of resistive loading. The new formulae and many other useful results have been verified with simulation and measurement on four operational amplifiers.
Im2Fit: Fast 3D Model Fitting and Anthropometrics using Single Consumer Depth Camera and Synthetic Data (2016)

Recent advances in consumer depth sensors have created many opportunities for human body measurement and modeling. Estimation of 3D body shape is particularly useful for fashion e-commerce applications such as virtual try-on or fit personalization. In this paper, we propose a method for capturing accurate human body shape and anthropometrics from a single consumer grade depth sensor. We first generate a large dataset of synthetic 3D human body models using real-world body size distributions. Next, we estimate key body measurements from a single monocular depth image. We combine body measurement estimates with local geometry features around key joint positions to form a robust multi-dimensional feature vector. This allows us to conduct a fast nearest-neighbor search to every sample in the dataset and return the closest one. Compared to existing methods, our approach is able to predict accurate full body parameters from a partial view using measurement parameters learned from the synthetic dataset. Furthermore, our system is capable of generating 3D human mesh models in real-time, which is significantly faster than methods which attempt to model shape and pose deformations. To validate the efficiency and applicability of our system, we collected a dataset that contains frontal and back scans of 83 clothed people with ground truth height and weight. Experiments on real-world dataset show that the proposed method can achieve real-time performance with competing results achieving an average error of 1.9 cm in estimated measurements.
Characterization of 6α- and 6β-<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Substituted Naltrexamine Derivatives as Novel Leads to Development of Mu Opioid Receptor Selective Antagonists (2011)

As important pharmacological probes, highly selective opioid receptor antagonists are essential in opioid receptor structural characterization and opioid agonist functional studies. At present, a nonpeptidyl, highly selective, and reversible mu opioid receptor antagonist is still not available. Among a series of novel naltrexamine derivatives that have been designed and synthesized following molecular modeling studies, two compounds, NAP and NAQ, were identified as leads based on the results of in vitro and in vivo pharmacological assays. Both of them displayed high binding affinity and selectivity to the mu opioid receptor. Further pharmacokinetic and functional characterization revealed that NAP seems to be a peripheral nervous system agent while NAQ seems to be a central one. Such characteristics provide two distinguished potential application routes for these two agents and their derivatives. These results also supported our hypothesis that they may serve as leads to develop more potent and selective antagonists for the mu opioid receptor.
Ultra-high resolution resonant C-shaped aperture nano-tip (2011)

We report a new optical near-field transducer comprised of a metallic nano-antenna extending from the ridge of a C-shaped metallic nano-aperture. Finite-difference time domain simulations predict that the C-aperture nano-tip (CAN-Tip) provides high intensity (650x), high optical resolution (~λ/60), and background-free near-field illumination at a wavelength of 980 nm. The CAN-Tip has an aperture resonance and tip antenna resonance which may be tuned independently, so the structure can be made resonant at ultraviolet wavelengths without being unduly small. This near-field optical resolution of 16.1 nm has been experimentally confirmed by employing the CAN-Tip as an NSOM probe.
Preservation, identification, and use of emotion in a text-to-speech system (2004)

We are interested in the ability of a text-to-speech system to convey emotion. Towards that end, we examine the ability to preserve the underlying emotion present in a training corpus. We consider the emotions "lively", "sad", and "angry", and compare the ability to convey each of these in synthesized speech with the neutral speech baseline. We also look at the confusion rates encountered when listeners are asked to identify the emotional state in which the speaker appears to have been. We conclude from our experiments that a viable method for building a text-to-speech system which conveys a certain emotion is simply to collect data spoken in that emotional state. However, our experiments show that in order for us to achieve a given level of emotion perceived in the synthetic speech, we must record natural speech which has a higher level than that desired in the synthetic output. Finally, we discuss how an emotional TTS system might be used.
Disulfide-constrained peptides that bind to the extracellular portion of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (2004)

The prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a well-characterized surface antigen, overexpressed in the most advanced, androgen-resistant human prostate cancer cells. We sought to exploit PSMA cell surface properties as a target for short peptides that will potentially guide protein-based therapeutics, such as viral vectors, to prostate cancer cells. Two separate phage display peptide strategies were applied, in parallel, to purified PSMA protein bound to two separate substrates. We reasoned that peptide sequences common to both substrate selections would be specific binders of PSMA. Additionally, the design allowed for stringent cross-selections, where phage populations from one selection condition could be applied to the alternative substrate. These strategies resulted in a series of phage displayed peptides able to bind to PSMA by ELISA and direct binding assays, both with purified protein and in prostate cancer cells. Cell binding is competitively inhibited by purified PSMA. The synthesized peptides are capable of enhancing PSMA carboxypeptidase enzymatic activity, suggesting protein folding stabilization. The discovery of these peptides provides the foundation for subsequent development of peptide targeted therapeutics against prostate cancer.
Recent Advances on OPO-based Radiation Sources for Lidar Applications (1999)

Optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) have long been recognized as potential light sources for lidar applications1,2.
Recent Progress in the Syntheses and Biological Evaluation of Boronated Porphyrins for Boron Neutron-Capture Therapy (2006)

Boronated porphyrins are an important class of tumor-localizing agents in two bimodal therapies for cancer currently under study experimentally and clinically; boron neutron-capture therapy (BNCT) and photodynamic therapy (PDT). The desirable properties for the boronated porphyrins are that they are easily synthesized, pure and well-characterized drugs, and that in vivo, they are stable, tumor-specific, with high tumor:blood and tumor:normal tissue boron concentration ratios, and cause minimal toxicity. A large number of new porphyrins and their syntheses are presented herein. The focus is primarily on porphyrins published within the past 5 years, but the implications and trends from porphyrins studied in vivo over the past 15 years are also reviewed. Many possess quite unusual, novel structures and others have appended cell-targeting moieties for greater tumor specificity. Besides the commonly used closo- and nido-o-carboranes other boron cages and modes of attachment are presented. These boron cages can selectively alter the lipophilic, hydrophilic and amphiphilic properties of the porphyrins as well as their boron content. New delivery modalities have also greatly improved the targeting potential of compounds previously deemed unsuitable for applications in BNCT.
A historical overview of the activation and porosity of metal–organic frameworks (2020)

A historical overview of the activation and porosity of MOFs including strategies to design and preserve permanent porosity in MOFs.
Finite Control-Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) of Nested Neutral Point-Clamped (NNPC) Converter (2015)

This paper proposes a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for a nested neutral point-clamped (NNPC) converter to control output currents and voltages of flying capacitors. The NNPC converter is a four-level converter topology for medium-voltage applications with interesting properties such as operating over a wide range of voltages (2.4–7.2 KV) without the need for connecting power semiconductor in series, high quality output voltage, less number of components compared to other classical four-level topologies. A discrete-time model of the converter is presented and all the control objectives are formulated in terms of the switching states. During each sampling interval, the predicted variables are assessed by the cost function and the best switching state which gives minimum value for the cost function is selected and applied to the converter gating terminals. The performances of the NNPC converter and predictive control scheme are verified through MATLAB/Simulink simulations and their feasibility is evaluated experimentally.
Motion having a Flight Phase: Experiments Involving a One-legged Robot (2006)

In the present paper, we introduce a new method by which to generate motions having flight phases such as jumping or running. Such motions are expected to expand the speed and stability of legged robots. Motions with flight phases are examined with respect to jumping, stability and implementation. A novel method of determining the center of mass (COM) and foot locations is proposed that is independent of the target robot actuators or assignments of joints. Moreover, the proposed method allows an on-line system to be built easily and is useful for actual robots. A one-legged jumping robot having a toe joint is built in order to demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Using the toe joint of the robot, the proposed method can reduce the angular velocities of the joints remarkably. Experiments are conducted to investigate the control of the direction, velocity and turning of the robot
Fusion-based quantum computation (2023)

The standard primitives of quantum computing include deterministic unitary entangling gates, which are not natural operations in many systems including photonics. Here, we present fusion-based quantum computation, a model for fault tolerant quantum computing constructed from physical primitives readily accessible in photonic systems. These are entangling measurements, called fusions, which are performed on the qubits of small constant sized entangled resource states. Probabilistic photonic gates as well as errors are directly dealt with by the quantum error correction protocol. We show that this computational model can achieve a higher threshold than schemes reported in literature. We present a ballistic scheme which can tolerate a 10.4% probability of suffering photon loss in each fusion, which corresponds to a 2.7% probability of loss of each individual photon. The architecture is also highly modular and has reduced classical processing requirements compared to previous photonic quantum computing architectures.
Statistical multiplexing using MPEG-2 video encoders (1999)

This paper presents a system for statistical multiplexing of several compressed video programs using MPEG-2-compatible video encoders. We propose a new external joint rate control algorithm to dynamically distribute the channel bandwidth among the program encoders such that the video quality is approximately equal in all programs. In our algorithm, the bit rate of each encoder is updated on the basis of the relative complexities of the programs measured at boundaries of groups of pictures (GOPs) and whenever scene changes are detected. The proposed algorithm requires no external preprocessing of the input video sources. Furthermore, as compared with previous work in this area, our algorithm is not restricted to operate only with encoders having the same GOP structure. Thus, the GOP boundaries at the different encoders need not be synchronized. Bit rate changes take place only at GOP boundaries, allowing the encoders to operate at a constant bit rate within GOPs. Overall, this results in a piecewise vari able bit rate compression for each of the encoders. We also describe a strategy for decreasing the reaction delay of the system for scene changes. Experimental results show that the proposed multiprogram video compression system results in good picture quality with no external preprocessing, despite its relative simplicity.
Efficient transform coding of two-channel audio signals by means of complex-valued stereo prediction (2011)

Traditional MDCT-based perceptual audio coding schemes employ mid/side and intensity stereo techniques to allow efficient joint coding of the two channels of a stereophonic signal. These techniques, however, provide only little coding gain for critical stereo signals characterized by spectral components with a distinct level or phase difference between the channels. To overcome this deficiency, we propose an extension to the mid/side coding paradigm that utilizes complex-valued inter-channel linear prediction in the MDCT spectral domain. The required imaginary spectrum (MDST) is calculated in a computationally efficient manner without additional algorithmic delay. A formal listening test conducted in the course of the ISO/MPEG standardization of the unified speech and audio codec USAC illustrates that the proposed stereo prediction approach pro vides significant improvements in coding efficiency and shows that at 96 kb/s, excellent quality can be obtained even for critical signals.
Independent Component feature-based human activity recognition via Linear Discriminant Analysis and Hidden Markov Model (2008)

In proactive computing, human activity recognition from image sequences is an active research area. This paper presents a novel approach of human activity recognition based on Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) of Independent Component (IC) features from shape information. With extracted features, Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is applied for training and recognition. The recognition performance using LDA of IC features has been compared to other approaches including Principle Component Analysis (PCA), LDA of PC, and ICA. The preliminary results show much improved performance in the recognition rate with our proposed method.
Provocation of nonallergic rhinitis subjects in response to simulated weather conditions using an environmental exposure chamber model (2012)

Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) subjects present clinically with similar symptoms to subjects with allergic rhinitis, but which mechanistically are not IgE- mediated. NAR is difficult to study because of multiple, as yet unknown, disease mechanisms and lack of biomarkers and diagnostic tests. The purpose of this proof of concept pilot study was to develop an environmental exposure chamber (EEC) model to simulate weather conditions in a controlled setting to objectively diagnose NAR subjects and ultimately to investigate novel NAR therapies. Thirty-seven subjects with a history of NAR confirmed by negative skin-prick test to a panel of aeroallergens were tested with cold dry air (CDA) and temperature change challenges. Objective (acoustic rhinometry [AcR] and nasal secretions) and subjective measures (total nasal symptom scores [TNSSs]: congestion, rhinorrhea, and postnasal drip [0-3]) were collected. Data was presented as mean ± SEM and statistical significance was assessed by paired t-test. The NAR EEC AcR responders to CDA had a significant decrease in mean minimal cross-sectional area (MCA; a measure of nasal patency) of 22.2 ± 2.43% (p < 0.0001) and 6.7 ± 7.22% (not statistically significant) at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, with a concomitant increase in TNSS of 1.0 ± 0.24 U and 1.4 ± 0.30 U, respectively. AcR responders to temperature change showed a significant decrease in mean MCA to warm air of 16.0 ± 3.82% (p < 0.001) and 19.4 ± 3.88% (p < 0.0001) at 30 and 60 minutes, respectively, with an increase of TNSS of 0.4 ± 0.25 U and 0.4 ± 0.27 U, respectively. With rapid conversion to cold air, further decrease in mean MCA accompanied by an increase in TNSS was observed at 30 and 60 minutes. Increase in rhinorrhea was highest for CDA and the cold air phase of the temperature change challenge. Using the NAR EEC model, significant symptoms were induced in response to simulated weather changes in NAR patient responders. This proof of concept pilot study shows that the EEC model provides a consistent and reliable method to phenotype weather-induced NAR subjects that could be used to investigate disease mechanisms and novel therapies for NAR.