gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of NO from Gas Streams Using Nitrate-based Ionic Liquids (2018)

The demand for end-of-pipe deNOx technologies has driven the research for activation and conversion of nitric oxide, NO, at low temperatures compared to the traditional selective catalytic reduction of NO with ammonia. 
This study describes the progress made in the absorption and catalytic conversion of NO by ionic liquids. Nitrate based ionic liquids such as BMIM (butyl-methyl-imidazolium) nitrate has proven surprisingly efficient for conversion of NOx to nitric acid using air as the oxidant.[1,2] The nitric acid is absorbed into the ionic liquid. Desorption can occur in a successive separation step forming commercial grade concentrated nitric acid and a fully regenerated absorber. Using the SILP (Supported Ionic Liquid Phase) technology the ionic liquid is impregnated onto a porous support.
Alternatively, the SILP material can be extruded as monoliths and loaded into a catalyst bed for continuous NO oxidation at low temperature (< 100°C) and high humidity.[3] The technology facilitates the conversion of NO into a mixture of higher oxygenates (NO2, HNO2, and HNO3) for further downstream processing or absorption. Recently[3], we have discovered that small amounts of alcohols injected into the flue gas upstream the SILP material enhances the low temperature oxidation of NO considerably, increasing the effectiveness of the catalyst. 
Currently we pursue the invention for gas cleaning application in collaboration with industry.
Multiple harmonic generators for improved efficiency of laser-pumped lasers (1997)

A multistage system of three second-harmonic-generating crystals has been used to improve the total conversion efficiency from the fundamental at 1.06 mum to the second harmonic at 532 nm. Demagnifying telescopes placed into the path of the residual fundamental light, after chromatic separation of the second harmonic, allow further second-harmonic crystals to be used. More than 97% conversion has been obtained from 207-mJ, Q -switched Nd:YAG laser pulses at 1.06 mum, producing more than 201 mJ at 532 nm. Good agreement is achieved between experiment and theory for the spatial and temporal evolution of the second-harmonic beams at each stage.
Identification of the SV2 protein receptor-binding site of botulinum neurotoxin type E (2013)

The highly specific binding and uptake of BoNTs (botulinum neurotoxins; A-G) into peripheral cholinergic motoneurons turns them into the most poisonous substances known. Interaction with gangliosides accumulates the neurotoxins on the plasma membrane and binding to a synaptic vesicle membrane protein leads to neurotoxin endocytosis. SV2 (synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2) mediates the uptake of BoNT/A and /E, whereas Syt (synaptotagmin) is responsible for the endocytosis of BoNT/B and /G. The Syt-binding site of the former was identified by co-crystallization and mutational analyses. In the present study we report the identification of the SV2-binding interface of BoNT/E. Mutations interfering with SV2 binding were located at a site that corresponds to the Syt-binding site of BoNT/B and at an extended surface area located on the back of the conserved ganglioside-binding site, comprising the N- and C-terminal half of the BoNT/E-binding domain. Mutations impairing the affinity also reduced the neurotoxicity of full-length BoNT/E at mouse phrenic nerve hemidiaphragm preparations demonstrating the crucial role of the identified binding interface. Furthermore, we show that a monoclonal antibody neutralizes BoNT/E activity because it directly interferes with the BoNT/E-SV2 interaction. The results of the present study suggest a novel mode of binding for BoNTs that exploit SV2 as a cell surface receptor.
Role of Soluble Interleukin-6 Receptor With Interleukin-6 in Human Hematopoiesis (1997)

A complex of soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and interleukin-6 has been shown to play some roles in human hematopoiesis. It activates gp130 signal to stimulate human erythroid, megakaryocytic and primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells, which express gp130 but not IL-6R, in the presence of c-Kit signal mediated by stem cell factor (SCF). The culture system using a combination of sIL-6R, IL-6 and SCF can be useful for ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and provide a novel way for gene transfer into human hematopoietic stem cells.
Analysis and Design of Finite-Length LDPC Codes (2007)

We consider the performance analysis and code construction of finite-length low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes. First, by convergence analysis based on the extrinsic information evolution, we analyze the performance of both regular and irregular finite-length LDPC codes under iterative decoding. Next, by focusing on a special class of LDPC codes, namely, systematic irregular repeat-accumulate (IRA) codes, we propose a design procedure to construct finite-length LDPC codes. In addition to giving rise to a simple encoding structure, the special structure of IRA codes can be exploited to introduce unequal protection with cycle control for different types of nodes in the factor-graph code representation. We propose a modified bit-filling algorithm that leads to the construction of a set of finite-length IRA codes with low error floors
Analysis and Design of a High-Order Discrete-Time Passive IIR Low-Pass Filter (2014)

In this paper, we propose a discrete-time IIR low-pass filter that achieves a high-order of filtering through a charge-sharing rotation. Its sampling rate is then multiplied through pipelining. The first stage of the filter can operate in either a voltage-sampling or charge-sampling mode. It uses switches, capacitors and a simple gm-cell, rather than opamps, thus being compatible with digital nanoscale technology. In the voltage-sampling mode, the gm-cell is bypassed so the filter is fully passive. A 7th-order filter prototype operating at 800 MS/s sampling rate is implemented in TSMC 65 nm CMOS. Bandwidth of this filter is programmable between 400 kHz to 30 MHz with 100 dB maximum stop-band rejection. Its IIP3 is +21 dBm and the averaged spot noise is 4.57 nV/√Hz. It consumes 2 mW at 1.2 V and occupies 0.42 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Resin Infiltration of Artificial Enamel Caries Lesions with Experimental Light Curing Resins (2007)

To prevent enamel lesions from further demineralization, a complete and homogeneous penetration of low-viscosity resins ('infiltrants') should be accomplished. With commercially available adhesives, this goal might not be achieved because of their penetration capabilities. On this note, the Penetration Coefficient (PC) describes the penetrativity of liquids and might be employed to develop optimal infiltrants. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the penetration abilities of 12 experimental infiltrants (BisGMA/TEGDMA comonomers showing varying PCs) with a commercially available adhesive (Excite, Vivadent). In each of the 156 bovine enamel specimens, four subsurface lesions were created. Three of the four lesions were infiltrated with either the adhesive or one of 12 experimental resins for either 10, 22, or 40 seconds, and subsequently light-cured. Specimens were studied using confocal microscopy and penetration depths were determined. A good correlation between PC and penetration depth was thereby observed (Pearson's correlation coefficient, r=0.820).
LCSRAM: A Leakage Controlled Six-transistor Static Random Access Memory Cell with Intrinsically High Read Stability (2007)

Highly scaled processes increase leakage and transistor variations, both of which are problematic for SRAM, which is pervasive in modern CMOS integrated circuits. Here, a six transistor SRAM cell is presented that does not suffer from reduced stability when reading. The cell also resides in a low leakage, voltage collapsed, low standby power mode when not being accessed. The cell circuit topology, layout, and impact on memory design are described. Simulation of operation on 130 and 90 nm technologies and with predictive technology models for 65 and 45 nm technologies demonstrate the leakage reduction and measurement on 130 nm demonstrates improved read stability
Ancillary services to the grid from commercial buildings through demand scheduling and control (2015)

How can a building Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning (HVAC) system vary its real time power consumption to provide ancillary services to the power grid without sacrificing occupant comfort? Prior work showed how this can be done if the reference power variation is of high frequency (seconds to a few minutes) so that the climate control system filters out the disturbance. This paper addresses the question of how to do that when the reference power variation is of lower frequency, e.g., periods of a few minutes to an hour. We propose a receding horizon approach to schedule the baseline cooling and heating power of a building based on weather forecasts. A lower level controller is then used to track the scheduled baseline plus ancillary service reference signal. Periodic updates to the scheduler based on measurements ensure quality of service in spite of forecasting errors. The algorithm is tested in simulation. Results show that ancillary service in the frequency range of f ∈ [1/(1 hour), 1/(10 minutes)] can be extracted from commercial building HVAC systems while still maintaining a comfortable indoor climate.
IL-1 Receptor Accessory Protein and ST2 Comprise the IL-33 Receptor Complex (2007)

IL-33 (IL-1F11) is a recently described member of the IL-1 family of cytokines that stimulates the generation of cells, cytokines, and Igs characteristic of a type 2 immune response. IL-33 mediates signal transduction through ST2, a receptor expressed on Th2 and mast cells. In this study, we demonstrate that IL-33 and ST2 form a complex with IL-1R accessory protein (IL-1RAcP), a signaling receptor subunit that is also a member of the IL-1R complex. Additionally, IL-1RAcP is required for IL-33-induced in vivo effects, and IL-33-mediated signal transduction can be inhibited by dominant-negative IL-1RAcP. The implications of this shared usage of IL-1RAcP by IL-1(alpha and beta) and IL-33 are discussed.
Using flow information to support 3D vessel reconstruction from rotational angiography (2008)

For the assessment of cerebrovascular diseases, it is beneficial to obtain three-dimensional (3D) morphologic and hemodynamic information about the vessel system. Rotational angiography is routinely used to image the 3D vascular geometry and we have shown previously that rotational subtraction angiography has the potential to also give quantitative information about blood flow. Flow information can be determined when the angiographic sequence shows inflow and possibly outflow of contrast agent. However, a standard volume reconstruction assumes that the vessel tree is uniformly filled with contrast agent during the whole acquisition. If this is not the case, the reconstruction exhibits artifacts. Here, we show how flow information can be used to support the reconstruction of the 3D vessel centerline and radii in this case. Our method uses the fast marching algorithm to determine the order in which voxels are analyzed. For every voxel, the rotational time intensity curve (R-TIC) is determined from the image intensities at the projection points of the current voxel. Next, the bolus arrival time of the contrast agent at the voxel is estimated from the R-TIC. Then, a measure of the intensity and duration of the enhancement is determined, from which a speed value is calculated that steers the propagation of the fast marching algorithm. The results of the fast marching algorithm are used to determine the 3D centerline by backtracking. The 3D radius is reconstructed from 2D radius estimates on the projection images. The proposed method was tested on computer simulated rotational angiography sequences with systematically varied x-ray acquisition, blood flow, and contrast agent injection parameters and on datasets from an experimental setup using an anthropomorphic cerebrovascular phantom. For the computer simulation, the mean absolute error of the 3D centerline and 3D radius estimation was 0.42 and 0.25 mm, respectively. For the experimental datasets, the mean absolute error of the 3D centerline was 0.45 mm. Under pulsatile and nonpulsatile conditions, flow information can be used to enable a 3D vessel reconstruction from rotational angiography with inflow and possibly outflow of contrast agent. We found that the most important parameter for the quality of the reconstruction of centerline and radii is the range through which the x-ray system rotates in the time span of the injection. Good results were obtained if this range was at least 135 degrees. As a standard c-arm can rotate 205 degrees, typically one third of the acquisition can show inflow or outflow of contrast agent, which is required for the quantification of blood flow from rotational angiography.
Lifetime Improvement of Glucose Biosensor by Epoxy‐Enhanced PVC Membrane (2005)

Abstract A new approach using epoxy resin to enhance the durability and adhesion of a diffusion‐limiting membrane in amperometric biosensors is described. The polymer membrane was mainly composed of commercially available fast epoxy adhesive ATACS 5104, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and plasticizers such as isopropyl myristate (IMP) and Aliquat 336 (AL). It can be readily deposited on various substrates by using coating and other thin film fabrication methods. The effect of epoxy resin in the membrane composition was investigated using a coil‐type glucose biosensor containing extra enzyme. The ideal membrane was found to include approximately 1/3 epoxy resin, 1/3 plasticizer and 1/3 PVC. Such a membrane was verified to be porous and permeable to small molecules like glucose and can tightly adhere to other beneath layers such as a Nafion membrane, which serves as the interference‐eliminating layer. These epoxy‐based glucose biosensors showed excellent electrochemical response properties including a long lifetime and can be used for microanalysis of solutions and biological fluids. With an additional PU outermost layer, the present glucose biosensors can potentially be used for in vivo measurements.
The primary structure of rat parathymosin. (1986)

Parathymosin has been isolated from rat thymus and from rat liver. Its primary structure is reported as follows: (Sequence; see text). The blocking group at the NH2 terminus was identified by mass spectrometry as acetyl. Regions homologous to amino acid sequences in prothymosin alpha were found to be located between residues 14-20, 23-25, 33-39, 41-43, and 83-87 of parathymosin.
<i>Tri1</i> in <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> Encodes a P450 Oxygenase (2004)

Gibberella zeae (asexual state Fusarium graminearum) is a major causal agent of wheat head blight and maize ear rot in North America and is responsible for contamination of grain with deoxynivalenol and related trichothecene mycotoxins. To identify additional trichothecene biosynthetic genes, cDNA libraries were prepared from fungal cultures under trichothecene-inducing conditions in culture and in planta. A gene designated LH1 that was highly expressed under these conditions exhibited only moderate (59%) similarity to known trichothecene biosynthetic cytochrome P450s. To determine the function of LH1, gene disruptants were produced and assessed for trichothecene production. Gene disruptants no longer produced 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, which is oxygenated at carbon 7 (C-7) and C-8, but rather accumulated calonectrin and 3-deacetylcalonectrin, which are not oxygenated at either C-7 or C-8. These results indicate that gene LH1 encodes a cytochrome P450 responsible for oxygenation at one or both of these positions. Despite the relatively low level of DNA and amino acid sequence similarity between the two genes, LH1 from G. zeae is the probable homologue of Tri1, which encodes a cytochrome P450 required for C-8 oxygenation in F. sporotrichioides.
A self-contained, recirculating chemical laser system (1974)

The operation of the first self-contained, recirculating chemical laser device is reported. This electrically initiated chemical laser employs a unique gas recirculation scheme in which the laser effluence generated in the laser discharge is subjected to selective scrubbing within the vacuum envelope before it is reintroduced into the laser cavity. The laser system is completely self-contained and employs no exhaust pump. Consequently, in contrast to conventional chemical laser systems, the problems associated with exhausting toxic gases into the environment are eliminated. Experimental data relating to electrically pulsed DF and HF chemical lasers operating for extended periods of time in a self-contained, recirculating mode are presented.
Mass Spectrometry Detection of G3m and IGHG3 Alleles and Follow-Up of Differential Mother and Neonate IgG3 (2012)

Mass spectrometry (MS) analysis for detection of immunoglobulins (IG) of the human IgG3 subclass is described that relies on polymorphic amino acids of the heavy gamma3 chains. IgG3 is the most polymorphic human IgG subclass with thirteen G3m allotypes located on the constant CH2 and CH3 domains of the gamma3 chain, the combination of which leads to six major G3m alleles. Amino acid changes resulting of extensive sequencing previously led to the definition of 19 IGHG3 alleles that have been correlated to the G3m alleles. As a proof of concept, MS proteotypic peptides were defined which encompass discriminatory amino acids for the identification of the G3m and IGHG3 alleles. Plasma samples originating from ten individuals either homozygous or heterozygous for different G3m alleles, and including one mother and her baby (drawn sequentially from birth to 9 months of age), were analyzed. Total IgG3 were purified using affinity chromatography and then digested by a combination of AspN and trypsin proteases, and peptides of interest were detected by mass spectrometry. The sensitivity of the method was assessed by mixing variable amounts of two plasma samples bearing distinct G3m allotypes. A label-free approach using the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) retention time of peptides and their MS mass analyzer peak intensity gave semi-quantitative information. Quantification was realized by selected reaction monitoring (SRM) using synthetic peptides as internal standards. The possibility offered by this new methodology to detect and quantify neo-synthesized IgG in newborns will improve knowledge on the first acquisition of antibodies in infants and constitutes a promising diagnostic tool for vertically-transmitted diseases.
Photodynamic therapy inactivates cell-associated basic fibroblast growth factor: a silent way of vascular smooth muscle cell eradication (1997)

These results provide a mechanism to explain how, unlike mechanical or other forms of SMC injury, optimal doses of PDT can locally eradicate medial vascular SMC without resulting in a bFGF-induced initiation of cell proliferation.
Development of a Continuous Leaf Monitoring System to Predict Plant Water Status (2017)

Abstract. There is increased demand for irrigation scheduling tools that support effective use of the limited supply of irrigation water. An efficient precision irrigation system requires water to be delivered based on crop needs by measuring or estimating plant water stress. Leaf temperature is a good indicator of water stress. In this study, a system was developed to monitor leaf temperature and microclimatic environmental variables to predict plant water stress. This system, called the leaf monitor, monitored plant water status by continuously measuring leaf temperature, air temperature, relative humidity, ambient light, and wind conditions in the vicinity of a shaded leaf. The system also included a leaf holder, a solar radiation diffuser dome, and a wind barrier for improved performance of the unit. Controlled wind speed and consistent light conditions were created around the leaf to reduce the effect of nuisance variables on leaf temperature. The leaf monitor was incorporated into a mesh network of wireless nodes for sensor data collection and remote valve control. The system was evaluated for remote data collection in commercial orchards. Experiments were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in walnut () and almond () orchards. The system was found to be reliable and capable of providing real-time visualization of the data remotely, with minimal technical problems. Leaf monitor data were used to develop modified crop water stress index (MCWSI) values for quantifying plant water stress levels. Keywords: Almonds, CWSI, Infrared sensor, Irrigation scheduling, Leaf temperature, Nut crops, Plant water stress, Precision irrigation, Stem water potential, Walnuts, Wireless mesh network.
Groups Re-identification with Temporal Context (2017)

Re-identification methods often require well aligned, unoccluded detections of an entire subject. Such assumptions are impractical in real world scenarios, where people tend to form groups. To circumvent poor detection performance caused by occlusions, we use fixed regions of interest and employ codebook-based visual representations. We account for illumination variations between cameras using a coupled clustering method that learns per-camera codebooks with entries that correspond across cameras. Because predictable movement patterns exist in many scenarios, we also incorporate temporal context to improve re-identification performance. This includes learning expected travel times directly from data and using mutual exclusion constraints to encourage solutions that maintain temporal ordering. Our experiments illustrate the merits of the proposed approach in challenging re-identification scenarios including crowded public spaces.
Recent development of antenna-coupled thermocouples (2015)

Antenna-coupled nanothermocouples (ACNTCs) for infrared detection have been developed over the past few years. These devices are based on the wave nature of the IR radiation; the antenna receives the electromagnetic radiation, and the radiation-induced antenna-currents are rectified by a nanoscale thermocouple. We characterize the frequency-dependent response and the relative Seebeck coefficients of single-metal and bi-metal nanoscale thermocouples. Polarization-dependent measurements of ACNTCs are also demonstrated.
Microfabricated polymer chip with integrated U-bend waveguides for evanescent field absorption based detection (2010)

A mu-TAS system for evanescent field absorption with integrated polymer waveguides is reported for the first time. A photoresist SU-8 layer is patterned into a microchannel network, with U-bend waveguides and fiber-to-waveguide coupler structures. The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of using evanescent field absorption based sensing in conjunction with capillary electrophoresis for label free detection. We have proposed a novel design to couple the microchannel network with U-bend waveguides in a single step patterning of SU-8. In this novel design, the optical waveguide forms part of the microchannel wall, which aids in the detection process. The suitability of the device for optical applications was proved by absorbance measurement between 450 and 780 nm using Methylene Blue dye. Absorbance measurements were done by passing various concentrations of dye solutions through 200 microm and 500 microm microchannels. The device was also found sensitive to the refractive index (RI) of fluid flowing in the channel. The RI sensitivity was tested by passing sucrose solutions of varying concentrations through the channels and measuring absorbance across the integrated U-bend waveguides. The results indicate that such structures can be used easily for label free detection of molecules either by evanescent wave absorption or by changes associated with RI changes in the microenvironment around a waveguide.