gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spontaneous inhibitors to coagulation factors (2000)

Spontaneous inhibitors to coagulation factors are autoantibodies that usually appear in the elderly, but may also occur in patients with immunological disorders such as lupus, lymphoma, asthma or drug reactions. Most antibodies are directed against factor VIII, but any coagulation protein may be affected. They should be suspected in individuals who previously had normal haemostasis, but who now begin to experience bleeding into the skin and muscles, or suffer haemorrhages after routine procedures such as insertion of vascular catheters, intramuscular injections, or minor surgery. The haemostasis laboratory is critical in identifying the particular inhibitor and quantitating its potency. Factor VIII inhibitors prolong the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) but not the prothrombin time (PT), and incubating mixtures of patient plasma and normal plasma enhances the prolongation of the clotting time. The Bethesda assay provides a rough assessment of inhibitor potency. Inhibitors of von Willebrand factor prolong the bleeding time and impair ristocetin-induced platelet aggregation. Factor V inhibitors are associated with a prolonged PTT and PT, not correctable with normal plasma. Patients will often have a history of exposure to bovine thrombin in fibrin glue. The antibodies most difficult to recognize are those that alter fibrin polymerization or stabilization. Abnormal clot retraction or clot solubility in urea solutions are an important clue. The management of these disorders depends on characterization of the inhibitor, and using appropriate clotting factor concentrates to control acute bleeding. For example, recombinant human factor VIII or desmopressin may be effective for patients with low titre factor VIII inhibitors, whereas porcine factor VIII, recombinant factor Vlla, or prothrombin complex concentrates stem bleeding in those with high titres. Inhibitors of von Willebrand factor may be amenable to desmopressin, cryoprecipitate, or von Willebrand factor concentrates. Some patients with factor V inhibitors have responded to platelet transfusions, as the platelet factor V may be shielded from the autoantibody. Bleeding due to factor XIII inhibitors may be managed with fibrogammin, a factor XIII concentrate. All patients should be treated for underlying disorders and given drugs such as corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents to suppress inhibitor formation. Major advances in new immunosuppressive technologies, such as monoclonal B-cell antibodies, offer hope of more effective therapies for spontaneous inhibitors to coagulation factors.
Release of pig leukocytes during pig kidney perfusion and characterization of pig lymphocyte carbohydrate xenoantigens (2003)

The Galalpha1-3Gal (alphaGal) antigen is considered the main xenoantigen in the pig to human species combination but other porcine antigens have to be considered such as the swine lymphocyte antigen (SLA), the blood group A/O and the Hanganutziu-Deicher (H-D) antigens. The H-D antigens are N-glycolyl-neuraminic acid (NeuGc) terminated gangliosides that are widely distributed in mammalian species but absent in humans. Upon exposure to a vascularized pig organ, the human recipient can be immunized by direct interaction with the pig tissue or/and by transfer of tissue/cells from the organ into the recipient. In the present work, we describe the release of cells from porcine kidneys upon perfusion and the expression of glycolipid based alphaGal, blood group A/O and H-D antigens in pig lymphocytes. Pig kidneys were flushed with 20 ml of NaCl or Lidocain containing 5000 U heparin, and thereafter perfused with 3000-ml perfusion solution and the cells released were counted and examined microscopically. Neutral glycolipid and ganglioside fractions were extracted from purified pig lymphocytes. The extracted components were characterized by thin layer chromatography, degradation and mass spectrometry. The expression of alphaGal and H-D epitopes on cells released from pig kidneys and purified pig lymphocytes were studied by immune electron microscopy. A total amount of about 300 x 106 leukocytes, mainly lymphocytes were released in the perfusate from the kidneys, of which about 100 x 106 cells were eluated in the 600 to 2400 ml perfusate fraction. Immunelectron microscopical analysis with Griffonia simplicifolia isolectin B4 showed staining of pig leukocytes and other cells, morphologically similar to endothelial cells, released in the perfusate. The purified porcine lymphocytes contained 930 microg neutral glycolipid (4.2 microg/mg cell protein) of which 95% was glycolipids with one to four sugar residues. Immunostaining of the neutral glycolipid fractions revealed alphaGal terminated compounds migrating in the five and 10 to 12 sugar regions and blood group A compounds in the six and eight sugar regions. Two major gangliosides NeuGc-GM3 and NeuGc-GD3 were found in the pig lymphocytes. In a patient extracorporeally xenoperfused with a pig kidney, an increased staining of both alphaGal terminated structures as well as the H-D reactive gangliosides were found in the post-perfusion serum samples. In summary, leukocytes, mainly lymphocytes are released from pig kidneys during perfusion which may contribute to immunization of human xenograft recipients.
Frequency-hopped spread-spectrum random access with retransmission cutoff and code rate adjustment (1992)

A transmission policy for frequency-hopped spread-spectrum random-access communication systems in which the retransmission of a blocked packet at each station is determined as a function of that station's own collision experience is examined. For stability considerations and for channel throughput increase, the information packet is encoded by a Reed-Solomon code. An equilibrium analysis is used to show that undesirable bistable behaviour can be avoided if packets are rejected after a certain number of transmission attempts and the code rate is adjusted accordingly. The region of code rate and number of transmission attempt pairs that guarantees the network stability are investigated. The packet rejection probability, average packet delay, and maximum stable throughput are evaluated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Noncontact conductivity and dielectric measurement for high throughput roll-to-roll nanomanufacturing (2015)

Advances in roll-to-roll processing of graphene and carbon nanotubes have at last led to the continuous production of high-quality coatings and filaments, ushering in a wave of applications for flexible and wearable electronics, woven fabrics, and wires. These applications often require specific electrical properties, and hence precise control over material micro- and nanostructure. While such control can be achieved, in principle, by closed-loop processing methods, there are relatively few noncontact and nondestructive options for quantifying the electrical properties of materials on a moving web at the speed required in modern nanomanufacturing. Here, we demonstrate a noncontact microwave method for measuring the dielectric constant and conductivity (or geometry for samples of known dielectric properties) of materials in a millisecond. Such measurement times are compatible with current and future industrial needs, enabling real-time materials characterization and in-line control of processing variables without disrupting production.
Creating Walk-Through Images from a Video Sequence of a Dynamic Scene (2004)

Tour into the picture (TIP), proposed by Horry et al. (Horry, Anjyo, & Arai, 1997, ACM SIGGRAPH '97 Conference Proceedings, 225–232) is a method for generating a sequence of walk-through images from a single reference image. By navigating a 3D scene model constructed from the image, TIP provides convincing 3D effects. This paper presents a comprehensive scheme for creating walk-through images from a video sequence by generalizing the idea of TIP. To address various problems in dealing with a video sequence rather than a single image, the proposed scheme is designed to have the following features: First, it incorporates a new modeling scheme based on a vanishing circle identified in the video, assuming that the input video contains a negligible amount of motion parallax effects and that dynamic objects move on a flat terrain. Second, we propose a novel scheme for automatic background detection from the video, based on 4-parameter motion model and statistical background color estimation. Third, to assist the extraction of static or dynamic foreground objects from video, we devised a semiautomatic boundary-segmentation scheme based on enhanced lane (Kang & Shin, 2002, Graphical Models, 64 (5), 282–303). The purpose of this work is to let users experience the feel of navigating into a video sequence with their own interpretation and imagination about a given scene. The proposed scheme covers various types of video films of dynamic scenes, such as sports coverage, cartoon animation, and movie films, in which objects are continuously changing their shapes and locations. It can also be used to produce a variety of synthetic video sequences by importing and merging dynamic foreign objects with the original video.
Bisphosphonates in breast cancer: teaching an old dog new tricks (2009)

Bisphosphonates are comprehensively established in the treatment of metastatic bone disease and significantly reduce skeletal morbidity. Their role in the prevention of cancer treatment-induced bone disease is also defined. The potential antitumour and disease-modifying role of adjuvant bisphosphonates holds promise but results from ongoing studies must be awaited before this becomes standard practice.
Smart Glasses for Neurosurgical Navigation by Augmented Reality (2018)

Smart glasses enabled AR-based neurosurgical navigation in a hands-free fashion. Stereoscopic computer graphics of targeted brain tumors corresponding to the surgical field were clearly visualized during surgery.
Improving Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition With Non-Streaming Model Distillation On Unsupervised Data (2020)

Streaming end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) models are widely used on smart speakers and on-device applications. Since these models are expected to transcribe speech with minimal latency, they are constrained to be causal with no future context, compared to their non-streaming counterparts. Consequently, streaming models usually perform worse than non-streaming models. We propose a novel and effective learning method by leveraging a non-streaming ASR model as a teacher to generate transcripts on an arbitrarily large data set, which is then used to distill knowledge into streaming ASR models. This way, we scale the training of streaming models to up to 3 million hours of YouTube audio. Experiments show that our approach can significantly reduce the word error rate (WER) of RNNT models not only on LibriSpeech but also on YouTube data in four languages. For example, in French, we are able to reduce the WER by 16.4% relatively to a baseline streaming model by leveraging a non-streaming teacher model trained on the same amount of labeled data as the baseline.
Sonochemical Preparation of Hollow Nanospheres and Hollow Nanocrystals (2005)

Ceramic hollow spheres of MoS2 and MoO3 were obtained by sonochemical synthesis of MoS2 and MoO3 templated on silica nanoparticles (diameters 50-500 nm) followed by acid etching to remove the silica core. The resulting hollow materials have been characterized by elemental analysis, XPS, SEM, TEM, optical absorption, and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) studies. The TEM studies on the hollow ceramic materials indicate the formation of dispersed free spheres with a hollow core. The hollow materials obtained from thermally treated MoS2/SiO2 (450-700 degrees C) show the formation of layered MoS2 (lattice fringes approximately 6.2 A) with a wall thickness of 6-8 layers. The MoS2 hollow spheres are extremely active catalysts for the HDS of thiophene. Hollow spheres of MoO3 are prepared in a similar fashion. Surprisingly, upon heating, hollow crystals of MoO3 with sharp-edged truncated cubes containing inner voids are formed from the initial spheres.
Research and innovation: powerful tools in injury prevention (2002)

The author examines the research process and the development of an effective injury prevention strategy using the examples of the setting of scrums in rugby union and the prevention of neck injuries and the use of a sleeve for ACL injury prevention. (non-author abstract)
Association of Salivary Osteopontin Levels with Glycaemic Status and Microalbuminuria - in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2016)

INTRODUCTION: The monitoring of glycaemic status in patients with T2DM is mainly through blood tests (Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c), which are invasive and involves painful pricks. This leads to poor patient compliance and soon could lead to various micro and macro vascular complications, which hamper the quality of life. There are no sensitive and specific markers to predict these complications at the earliest. Sialochemistry has recently gained attention for monitoring chronic diseases. Osteopontin is a phospho-glycoprotein molecule, elevated in many inflammatory conditions. AIM: The aim of the study was to evaluate the role of serum and salivary osteopontin in Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM). MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this case-control study, we recruited 33 cases of T2DM and 31 age and gender matched healthy controls. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist/Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist Circumference (WC) and blood pressure was recorded. Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG), salivary glucose, HbA1c, microalbuminuria, systolic BP, serum and salivary osteopontin levels were estimated. RESULTS: FPG, salivary glucose, HbA1c, microalbuminuria, systolic BP, BMI, waist / hip ratio serum and salivary osteopontin levels were significantly high in T2DM cases compared to control subjects. Serum and salivary osteopontin levels were significantly correlated with HbA1c and microalbuminuria in T2DM cases. CONCLUSION: Serum and salivary osteopontin levels are significantly elevated in subjects with T2DM and are associated with glycaemic control and microalbuminuria.
통계적 형상분석을 이용한 3차원 형상의 신뢰도 계수 (2019)

데이터에 대한 신뢰도는 측정결과의 전반적인 일관성을 의미한다. 이러한 신뢰도는 분석결과에 영향을 미치므로 측정된 데이터에 대한 신뢰도를 평가하는 방법은 지속적으로 연구되고 있으며, 일반적으로 크론바흐의 알파 계수(Cronbach’s α coefficient)나 급내상관계수(intraclass correlation coefficient; ICC) 등이 신뢰도 평가에 주로 이용되고 있다. 그러나 특정 개체를 입체적으로 표현하기 위해 3차원 좌표로 구성되는 데이터에 대해서는 기존의 신뢰도 평가 척도를 적용할 수 없다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 통계적 형상분석을 이용하여 측정된 3차원 좌표로부터 개체들의 형상정보를 추출하고 그들의 형상변동을 분해하여, 3차원 형상에 대한 신뢰도를 평가할 수 있는 측도를 제안하고자 한다.
The continuing development of low-energy electron microscopy for characterizing surfaces (1992)

Instrumental aspects of low-energy electron microscopy are reviewed with a view toward the future evolution of this reemergent technology. Both elastically scattered and inelastically excited electrons in the 0–1000-eV range may be used to form direct rather than scanned images of surfaces in the 3–10-nm resolution range. Different instrumental setups may be used to form images that selectively contain information about the topography, crystalline structure, chemical composition, or magnetic orientation of the first few monolayers. Frequently, parallel imaging allows observation of dynamic processes occurring during observation. Key electron optical elements and their systemic relationships are described in the context of a still hypothetical generalized instrument that would allow complementary exploitation of many contrast modes. Image quality issues such as resolution, sensitivity, statistics, and contrast selectivity are considered with a view toward their optimization, in many cases by drawing ideas and technologies from other fields of microscopy.
Discovery of Potent Cyclophilin Inhibitors Based on the Structural Simplification of Sanglifehrin A (2017)

Cyclophilin inhibition has been a target for the treatment of hepatitis C and other diseases, but the generation of potent, drug-like molecules through chemical synthesis has been challenging. In this study, a set of macrocyclic cyclophilin inhibitors was synthesized based on the core structure of the natural product sanglifehrin A. Initial compound optimization identified the valine-m-tyrosine-piperazic acid tripeptide (Val-m-Tyr-Pip) in the sanglifehrin core, stereocenters at C14 and C15, and the hydroxyl group of the m-tyrosine (m-Tyr) residue as key contributors to compound potency. Replacing the C18-C21 diene unit of sanglifehrin with a styryl group led to potent compounds that displayed a novel binding mode in which the styrene moiety engaged in a π-stacking interaction with Arg55 of cyclophilin A (Cyp A), and the m-Tyr residue was displaced into solvent. This observation allowed further simplifications of the scaffold to generate new lead compounds in the search for orally bioavailable cyclophilin inhibitors.
CRISPR-Cap: multiplexed double-stranded DNA enrichment based on the CRISPR system (2018)

Existing methods to enrich target regions of genomic DNA based on PCR, hybridization capture, or molecular inversion probes have various drawbacks, including long experiment times and low throughput and/or enrichment quality. We developed CRISPR-Cap, a simple and scalable CRISPR-based method to enrich target regions of dsDNA, requiring only two short experimental procedures that can be completed within two hours. We used CRISPR-Cap to enrich 10 target genes 355.7-fold on average from Escherichia coli genomic DNA with a maximum on-target ratio of 81% and high enrichment uniformity. We also used CRISPR-Cap to measure gene copy numbers and detect rare alleles with frequencies as low as 1%. Finally, we enriched coding sequence regions of 20 genes from the human genome. We envision that CRISPR-Cap can be used as an alternative to other widely used target-enrichment methods, which will broaden the scope of CRISPR applications to the field of target enrichment field.
CATWOMAN: Implementation and Performance Evaluation of IEEE 802.11 Based Multi-Hop Networks Using Network Coding (2012)

This paper investigates the performance of network coding for an IEEE802.11 enabled meshed network. By means of basic setups the impact of the medium access control in combination with network coding is investigated. In contrast to prior work the network coding approach is tailored to commercial WiFi hardware without any special tweaks. The implementation of network coding is done on top of an existing routing scheme known as B.A.T.M.A.N. which has some inherent advantages to support network coding. We present schemes to utilize the B.A.T.M.A.N. routing to detect coding opportunities. One finding is that the performance gain for the well known Alice and Bob scenario using network coding is 60\% compared to a pure relaying scheme. The software used in the presented measurement campaign is made publicly available.
BAHA®: The Direct Bone Conductor (2002)

The BAHA® device uses the principle of direct bone conduction (DBC) to overcome several of the drawbacks of conventional air-conduction (AC) and bone-conduction (BC) hearing aids for patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss. Recent developments of the BAHA system have made it more user friendly and the device has been further miniaturized. The FDA has cleared the device for both adults and pediatrics (from age 5 and up) and also for bilateral fitting.

With the BAHA system, a vibrating transducer is directly connected to the skull bone, of which the cochlea is an integrated part. This principle of DBC provides a more or less direct and clear transmission pathway to the cochlea. The BAHA surgery is, however, a minor surgical procedure and does not in any way interfere with the hearing organ so there are no risks of damaging the ear or the residual hearing. Scientific papers about BAHA from around the world report high performance, safety, and patient satisfaction. (Tjellstrom and Granstrom, 1995; Powell et al., 1996; Hartland et al., 1996; Papsin et al., 1997; Tietze et al., 2001; Tjellstrom and Hakansson, 2001; Snik et al., 2001; Lustig et al., 2001). Today, more than 9000 patients around the world have been treated with BAHA.
Measuring the performance of Chinese regional innovation systems with two-stage DEA-based model (2009)

The regional innovation system (RIS) plays a key role in the growth of a nation's competence. This paper develops a tool to measure the innovative performance of Chinese RIS in the period of 2001-2005. The technique of data envelopment analysis (DEA) is employed to determine a multifactor innovative performance system that inherently recognises the trade-off among various factors. This study offers a two-stage transformation process that divides the innovation process into technological subprocess, stage 1 and economic subprocess, stage 2. The result shows that the employment of the two-stage DEA-based mode to evaluate the RISs is more advanced than the traditional DEA models. In addition, the newly developed model is able to indicate not only the reasons of inefficiency and directions for further improvement, but also the successful or failure experience of management perspective for future planning and monitoring.
GnRH Receptors in Cancer: From Cell Biology to Novel Targeted Therapeutic Strategies (2012)

The crucial role of pituitary GnRH receptors (GnRH-R) in the control of reproductive functions is well established. These receptors are the target of GnRH agonists (through receptor desensitization) and antagonists (through receptor blockade) for the treatment of steroid-dependent pathologies, including hormone-dependent tumors. It has also become increasingly clear that GnRH-R are expressed in cancer tissues, either related (i.e. prostate, breast, endometrial, and ovarian cancers) or unrelated (i.e. melanoma, glioblastoma, lung, and pancreatic cancers) to the reproductive system. In hormone-related tumors, GnRH-R appear to be expressed even when the tumor has escaped steroid dependence (such as castration-resistant prostate cancer). These receptors are coupled to a G(αi)-mediated intracellular signaling pathway. Activation of tumor GnRH-R by means of GnRH agonists elicits a strong antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic (more recently demonstrated) activity. Interestingly, GnRH antagonists have also been shown to elicit a direct antitumor effect; thus, these compounds behave as antagonists of GnRH-R at the pituitary level and as agonists of the same receptors expressed in tumors. According to the ligand-induced selective-signaling theory, GnRH-R might assume various conformations, endowed with different activities for GnRH analogs and with different intracellular signaling pathways, according to the cell context. Based on these consistent experimental observations, tumor GnRH-R are now considered a very interesting candidate for novel molecular, GnRH analog-based, targeted strategies for the treatment of tumors expressing these receptors. These agents include GnRH agonists and antagonists, GnRH analog-based cytotoxic (i.e. doxorubicin) or nutraceutic (i.e. curcumin) hybrids, and GnRH-R-targeted nanoparticles delivering anticancer compounds.
Changes in Isometric Strength and Range of Motion of the Isolated Cervical Spine After Eight Weeks of Clinical Rehabilitation (1992)

There have been no reports in the literature objectively measuring changes in strength and range of motion in patients with non-spinal-cord injuries of the cervical spine. Ninety patients participated in an 8-week training study. Diagnostic groups included patients with the following: degenerative disc (n = 6), herniated disc (n = 14), and cervical strain (n = 70). Full-range isometric strength tests were performed at eight equidistant positions in a device that constrained all motion with the exception of cervical flexion and extension. Post tests were performed following training. Significant gains were seen in strength as well as range of motion. Perceived pain was significantly reduced. This kind of testing can potentially provide the clinician with objective findings to direct patient management more adequately.