gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Notch signaling by short-term treatment with Jagged-1 enhances store-operated Ca<sup>2+</sup> entry in human pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (2014)

Notch signaling plays a critical role in controlling proliferation and differentiation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Upregulated Notch ligands and Notch3 receptors in PASMC have been reported to promote the development of pulmonary vascular remodeling in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and in animals with experimental pulmonary hypertension. Activation of Notch receptors by their ligands leads to the cleavage of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) to the cytosol by γ-secretase; NICD then translocates into the nucleus to regulate gene transcription. In this study, we examined whether short-term activation of Notch functionally regulates store-operated Ca(2+) entry (SOCE) in human PASMC. Treatment of PASMC with the active fragment of human Jagged-1 protein (Jag-1) for 15-60 min significantly increased the amplitude of SOCE induced by passive deletion of Ca(2+) from the intracellular stores, the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). The Jag-1-induced enhancement of SOCE was time dependent: the amplitude was maximized at 30 min of treatment with Jag-1, which was closely correlated with the time course of Jag-1-mediated increase in NICD protein level. The scrambled peptide of Jag-1 active fragment had no effect on SOCE. Inhibition of γ-secretase by N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl-L-alanyl)]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester (DAPT) significantly attenuated the Jag-1-induced augmentation of SOCE. In addition to the short-term effect, prolonged treatment of PASMC with Jag-1 for 48 h also markedly enhanced the amplitude of SOCE. These data demonstrate that short-term activation of Notch signaling enhances SOCE in PASMC; the NICD-mediated functional interaction with store-operated Ca(2+) channels (SOC) may be involved in the Jag-1-mediated enhancement of SOCE in human PASMC.
Comparison of competitive and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of bluetongue virus antibodies in serum and whole blood (1987)

An indirect (I) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a competitive (C) ELISA, using a group-specific monoclonal antibody against bluetongue virus (BTV), are described for the detection of antibodies to BTV in cattle and sheep sera. The performance of these assays in detecting anti-BTV antibody in sequential serum samples and eluates from whole blood (WB) dried on filter paper from three calves and four sheep experimentally infected with type 10 BTV was evaluated. The C-ELISA was superior to the I-ELISA in the detection of anti-BTV antibody in the sera and WB samples from both cattle and sheep early after infection with BTV. BTV antibodies were demonstrable by C-ELISA in all the bovine and ovine sera and WB eluates by 9 days postinfection; whereas the I-ELISA results for sheep sera and WB eluates were similar, anti-BTV antibody was not detected in bovine serum and WB eluates until 26 and 14 days postinfection, respectively. While both ELISAs proved reliable, under the present test conditions involving detection of early postinfection reactions of experimentally infected animals, the C-ELISA was always as sensitive or more sensitive than the standard agar gel immunodiffusion test, the modified complement fixation test, and the plaque neutralization tests in the detection of anti-BTV antibodies. Unlike observations with the immunodiffusion test, no reaction was seen between BTV antigen and bovine epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus antiserum in either ELISA. The results suggest that either ELISA may be suitable for routine diagnostic testing and may have the potential to replace other tests for detection of anti-BTV group-specific antibodies and that the C-ELISA may have the most potential.
Optimal Particle Filters for Tracking a Time-Varying Harmonic or Chirp Signal (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We consider the problem of tracking the time-varying (TV) parameters of a harmonic or chirp signal using particle filtering (PF) tools. Similar to previous PF approaches to TV spectral analysis, we assume that the model parameters (complex amplitude, frequency, and frequency rate in the chirp case) evolve according to a Gaussian AR(1) model; but we concentrate on the important special case of a single TV harmonic or chirp. We show that the optimal importance function that minimizes the variance of the particle weights can be computed in closed form, and develop procedures to draw samples from it. We further employ Rao–Blackwellization to come up with reduced-complexity versions of the optimal filters. The end result is custom PF solutions that are considerably more efficient than generic ones, and can be used in a broad range of important applications that involve a single TV harmonic or chirp signal, e.g., TV Doppler estimation in communications, and radar. </para>
Myxomycetes in Hsien-Chi-Yen, Taipei City (2005)

本篇報告以仙跡岩次生林為對象，調查該區的黏菌資源，共獲17屬36種又4變種。其中以Andraca theae (Matsumura, 1909)（燈籠黏菌）為最優勢種，而Comatricha parvispora Dhillon et Nann.-Brem.（小孢髮黏菌）、Fuligo candida Pers.（白煤絨黏菌）、F. septica var. flava Pers.（煤絨黏菌黃色變種）和Tubifera dimorphotheca Nann.-Brem. & Loerak.（二型孢囊筒黏菌）為臺灣新記錄之黏菌；另有Cribraria sp.疑為世界新種。
Autophagy in the liver (2008)

A great part of our current understanding of mammalian macroautophagy is derived from studies of the liver. The term "autophagy" was introduced by Christian de Duve in part based on ultrastructural changes in rat liver following glucagon injection. Subsequent morphological, biochemical, and kinetics studies of autophagy in the liver defined the basic process of autophagosome formation, maturation, and degradation and the regulation of autophagy by hormones, phosphoinositide 3-kinases, and mammalian target of rapamycin. It is now clear that macroautophagy in the liver is important for the balance of energy and nutrients for basic cell functions, the removal of misfolded proteins resulting from genetic mutations or pathophysiological stimulations, and the turnover of major subcellular organelles such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and peroxisomes under both normal and pathophysiological conditions. Disturbance of autophagy function in the liver could thus have a major impact on liver physiology and liver disease.
Massive streaming data analytics (2013)

Analyzing massive streaming graphs efficiently requires new algorithms, data structures, and computing platforms.
Simultaneous liquid chromatographic determination of water-soluble vitamins, caffeine, and preservative in oral liquid tonics. (1989)

A rapid, simple, and reliable liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of nicotinamide (niacinamide), thiamine, riboflavin, riboflavin sodium phosphate, pyridoxine, caffeine, and sodium benzoate in commercial oral liquid tonics. The 7 components are separated on a reverse phase C18 column using a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.01M potassium dihydrogen phosphate-triethylamine (8 + 91.5 + 0.5 v/v/v) containing 5mM sodium octanesulfonate and adjusted to pH 2.8 with phosphoric acid. Components are detected at 254 nm with attenuation 0.02 AUFS. Acetanilide is used as an internal standard. In addition to the 7 components mentioned, nicotinic acid (niacin), cyanocobalamin, and folic acid are also separated under the same conditions. Sample preparation involves only addition to internal standard solution and dilution with mobile phase and then filtration. Recoveries of the 7 components and cyanocobalamin from spiked preparations ranged from 97 to 104% with coefficients of variation of 0.9-4.2%.
Resistant Mechanism Study of Benzalkonium Chloride Selected <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium Mutants (2013)

Benzalkonium chloride is one of the invaluable biocides that is extensively used in healthcare settings as well as in the food processing industry. After exposing wild-type Salmonella Typhimurium 14028s or its AcrAB inactivation mutant to gradually increasing levels of benzalkonium chloride, resistance mutants S-41, S-150, S-AB-23, S-AB-38, and S-AB-73 were selected and these mutants also showed a 2-64-fold stable minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) increase to chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline. In S-41 and S-150, the expression of acrB was increased 2.7- and 7.6-fold, and ΔtolC or ΔacrAB mutants of S-41 and S-150 showed the same MICs to all tested antimicrobials as the equivalent Salmonella Typhimurium 14028s mutants. However, in S-AB-23, S-AB-38, and S-AB-73, the expression of acrF was increased 96-, 230-, and 267-fold, respectively, and ΔtolC or ΔacrEF mutants of S-AB-23, S-AB-38, and S-AB-73 showed the similar MICs to all tested antimicrobials as the ΔtolC mutant of Salmonella Typhimurium 14028s. Our data showed that constitutively over-expressed AcrAB working through TolC was the main resistance mechanism in ST14028s benzalkonium chloride resistance mutants. However, after AcrAB had been inactivated, benzalkonium chloride-resistant mutants could still be selected and constitutively over-expressed, AcrEF became the dominant efflux pump working through TolC and being responsible for the increasing antimicrobial resistance. These data indicated that different mechanisms existed for acrB and acrF constitutive over-expression. Since exposure to benzalkonium chloride may lead to Salmonella mutants with a decreased susceptibility to quinolones, which is currently one of the drugs of choice for the treatment of life-threatening salmonelosis, research into the pathogenesis and epidemiology of the benzalkonium chloride resistance mutants will be of increasing importance.
Probe Beam Detection of Laser-Induced Breakdown for Measuring Solubility of Actinide Compounds (2008)

A nondestructive laser-induced breakdown detection technique is developed, which entails measuring the deflection of a probe laser beam due to a shock wave generated by a laser-induced breakdown of colloidal nanoparticles in liquids. Comparing this optical method with a previously developed acoustic detection method using a piezoelectric transducer, it enables remote measurement and therefore facilitates the in situ measurement of samples in a radiation-shielded glove box. The probe beam detection of a shock wave shows a sufficiently high sensitivity for monitoring the initial colloid formation when the uranium ion concentration exceeds the solubility limit of uranium hydrolysis compounds at a certain pH. The mean solubility product log Ksp° = -23.23 ±0.04 at an ionic strength of zero determined in this work agrees well with the previously reported result, log Ksp° = -23.19 ±0.43, measured by a calorimetric experiment on UO3·2H2O(cr).
ChemInform Abstract: B‐RING DIOSPHENOLS DERIVED FROM LANOSTEROL, IV. α‐OXIMINO KETONES ANALOGOUS TO DIOSPHENOLS (1976)

Abstract Die neuen Diketone (Ia) bzw. (Ib) lassen sich in die zugehörigen Oximino‐ Verbindungen (IIa) bzw. bei nachfolgender Ketalspaltung in (IIb) überführen.
Design of the pregroove‐shape on an optical disc based on the light diffraction analysis (1984)

Abstract Scalar diffraction theory was used in computer simulation analysis of the tracking pregroove fabricated on optical discs: the groove shape relation to the read out (sum) and tracking push‐pull (difference) signals and to detector location; as well as pregroove manufacturing tolerances. As a result it was found that the maximum groove modulation on the sum signal both in the far field and the image plane occurs with a groove phase (depth) of λ/4. In the far field the tracking difference signal is insensitive to changes in groove width and the largest modulation output occurs for a groove phase of λ/8. In the image plane the beam diameter, groove width relation gives 2 points of stable tracking, and modulation is greatest for a phase of λ/4. For rectangular pregrooves, the edge slope has little effect on the readout or tracking signals and difficult control is not necessary. Finally, the formulas for the relationships between the main optical system design parameters (wavelength, beam size, and objective lens numerical aperture) and the groove parameters have been derived in order to generalize the results of the analysis.
Programmable, reversible and repeatable wrinkling of shape memory polymer thin films on elastomeric substrates for smart adhesion (2017)

Programmable, reversible and repeatable wrinkling of shape memory polymer (SMP) thin films on elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates is realized, by utilizing the heat responsive shape memory effect of SMPs. The dependencies of wrinkle wavelength and amplitude on program strain and SMP film thickness are shown to agree with the established nonlinear buckling theory. The wrinkling is reversible, as the wrinkled SMP thin film can be recovered to the flat state by heating up the bilayer system. The programming cycle between wrinkle and flat is repeatable, and different program strains can be used in different programming cycles to induce different surface morphologies. Enabled by the programmable, reversible and repeatable SMP film wrinkling on PDMS, smart, programmable surface adhesion with large tuning range is demonstrated.
Shape-based depth image to 3D model matching and classification with inter-view similarity (2011)

Object recognition and especially object class recognition is and will be a key capability in home robotics when robots have to tackle manipulation tasks and grasp new objects or just have to search for objects. The goal is to have a robot classify 'never before seen objects' at first occurrence in a single view in a fast and robust manner. The classification task can be seen as a matching problem, finding the most appropriate 3D model and view with respect to a given depth image. We introduce a single-view shape model based classification approach using RGB-D sensors and a novel matching procedure for depth image to 3D model matching leading inherently to object classification. Utilizing the inter-view similarity of the 3D models for enhanced matching, the average precision of our descriptors is increased of up to 15% resulting in high classification accuracy. The presented adaptation of 3D shape descriptors to 2.5D data enables us to calculate the features in real time, directly from the 3D points of the sensor, without any calculation of normals or generating a mesh from it which is typical of state-of-art methods. Furthermore, we introduce a semi-automatic, user-centric approach to utilize the Internet for acquiring the required training data in the form of 3D models which significantly reduces the time for teaching new categories.
Imaging of micropatterned self-assembled monolayers with adsorbed liquid crystals (2000)

We report a novel method of imaging micropatterned self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) using adsorbed films of thermotropic (smectic or nematic) mesophase which can then be studied by optical microscopy. Three alkylthiols, functionalized with CH3, OH and COOH groups, were used in various combinations to form patterned SAMs. Two alkylcyanobiphenyls (7CB and 9CB) were used as the liquid crystal imaging reagents. The images are formed by the contrast generated by the different alignments of adsorbed smectic or nematic films induced by different regions of the pattern. The spatial resolution is at least to 4 μm.
Revisiting Photoemission and Inverse Photoemission Spectra of Nickel Oxide from First Principles: Implications for Solar Energy Conversion (2014)

We use two different ab initio quantum mechanics methods, complete active space self-consistent field theory applied to electrostatically embedded clusters and periodic many-body G0W0 calculations, to reanalyze the states formed in nickel(II) oxide upon electron addition and ionization. In agreement with interpretations of earlier measurements, we find that the valence and conduction band edges consist of oxygen and nickel states, respectively. However, contrary to conventional wisdom, we find that the oxygen states of the valence band edge are localized whereas the nickel states at the conduction band edge are delocalized. We argue that these characteristics may lead to low electron-hole recombination and relatively efficient electron transport, which, coupled with band gap engineering, could produce higher solar energy conversion efficiency compared to that of other transition-metal oxides. Both methods find a photoemission/inverse-photoemission gap of 3.6-3.9 eV, in good agreement with the experimental range, lending credence to our analysis of the electronic structure of NiO.
The Power-Spectrum Centroid Detector: System Considerations, Implementation, and Performance (1980)

Operation of the √f centroid detector with various doppler systems is discussed, and its design, implementation, and performance are described. It is determined that the detector can be employed in directional detection schemes to measure spectral moments and centroids with correct polarity and with no degradation in accuracy. Narrow- and wideband deterministic signal detection of both stationary and FM information is investigated, and it is found that the centroid detector can also serve as an FM demodulator with high AM rejection. A versatile √f detector was realized in discrete form and evaluated with deterministic and random signals, and its measured variance agreed closely with the theoretical values. The validity and application of the noise-reduction method was verified on deterministic and random doppler signals. Applications of the detector and the noise-reduction method to blood-flow and velocity measurements are demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective and Enantiospecific Rhodium‐Catalyzed Allylic Amination with N‐(Arylsulfonyl)anilines. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Review and critical analysis of the morphology of random ionomers across many length scales (2008)

Abstract This review presents a description of what is known about ionomer morphology. All papers on ionomer morphology are not included in this review; but all relevant questions about ionomer morphology are posed and answered as completely as possible. The review is critical; that is, reasons are given for morphologies that are deemed to be more or less likely. The review is organized along three length scales: sub‐nanometer, nanometer to 10 nm, and greater than 10 nm. Within each length scale, all three phases are considered: crystalline, amorphous, and ionic aggregate. The purity of the three phases, the arrangement of atoms in the three phases, the size and shape of the three phases, and their arrangements in space relative to each other are explored in this review. A model for the shape of aggregates in ionomers that have well‐ordered internal environments is presented. This model proposes that aggregates are fundamentally planar, but will “roll up” into tubes or other related structures in order to reduce the number of atoms at aggregate edges. This model was developed primarily based on the varied morphologies ionomers have shown in electron micrographs, but is consistent with other indirect measurements of ionomer morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
HLA expression in hemopoietic development. Class I and II antigens are induced in the definitive erythroid lineage and differentially modulated by fetal liver cytokines. (1990)

We investigated the expression of HLA Ag on hemopoietic progenitors (burst-forming unit E, CFU-E, and CFU-granulocyte-macrophage) and precursors from human embryonic fetal liver (FL) and peripheral blood at 5 to 9 wk postconception. The expression on progenitors was evaluated by complement-mediated cytotoxicity followed by assay of residual progenitors in clonogenic culture; immunofluorescence and RIA were used for differentiated precursors. HLA Class I and II Ag are not expressed on the primitive erythroid lineage, i.e., on yolk sac-derived megaloblasts circulating in 5- to 6-wk peripheral blood. However, they are gradually induced on the definitive erythroid lineage in FL. Their expression on progenitors is first detected at 6 wk and shows a progressive increase through 9 wk, up to greater than or equal to 50% of adult values. A similar expression pattern is observed for FL erythroblasts. Incubation of 6-wk FL erythroid cells with IFN-alpha, -beta, or -gamma, or TNF-alpha induces a sharp rise of the expression of HLA class I, but not HLA class II Ag on both progenitors and precursors. In contrast, incubation with PHA-stimulated adult leukocyte-conditioned medium causes a marked increase of both HLA-ABC and HLA class II Ag expression. We hence investigated the effect of cytokines present in leukocyte-conditioned medium on the expression of HLA class II Ag: although IL-1 alpha, IL-2, and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF do not exert a significant action, IL-1 beta and IL-4 induce a marked increase of HLA class II, but not class I, Ag expression on 6-wk FL progenitors and precursors. Low amounts of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1 beta were detected in the supernatants and extracts of 6-wk FL cells. The concentrations of these cytokines in both supernatants and extracts sharply increase in the 7- to 8-wk period, particularly for TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, thus indicating a direct correlation with the rise of HLA Ag expression on FL erythroid cells in the same period. In conclusion, the expression of HLA class I and II Ag is not detected on primitive megaloblasts, but is gradually induced on definitive FL progenitors and precursors, possibly via production of specific cytokines in the FL microenvironment, i.e., IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha for class I Ag and IL-1 beta for class II Ag.
Image Segmentation Based on Watershed and Edge Detection Techniques (2006)

Abstract: A combination of K-means, watershed segmentation method, and Difference In Strength (DIS) map was used to perform image segmentation and edge detection tasks. We obtained an initial segmentation based on K-means clustering technique. Starting from this, we used two techniques; the first is watershed technique with new merging procedures based on mean intensity value to segment the image regions and to detect their boundaries. The second is edge strength technique to obtain an accurate edge maps of our images without using watershed method. In this paper: We solved the problem of undesirable oversegmentation results produced by the watershed algorithm, when used directly with raw data images. Also, the edge maps we obtained have no broken lines on entire image and the final edge detection result is one closed boundary per actual region in the image. Keywords: Watershed, difference in strength map, K-means, edge detection, image segmentation.