gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preventive Screening for the Fragile X Syndrome (1986)

In an Australian population of 1.2 million, we screened 1977 intellectually handicapped persons, who were identified through the public schools and sheltered workshops, for the X-linked semidominant fragile X syndrome. We excluded 527 because they had another known diagnosis. The remaining 1450 were offered chromosomal analysis. Of the 1117 who consented (77 percent), an additional 196 were excluded, and among the 921 who were tested cytogenetically, 40 probands were found. Prevalence rates for persons with an intellectual handicap and the fragile X syndrome in the public school population were 1:2610 for males and 1:4221 for females. Family studies identified 84 women who were either obligate carriers or at high risk of being carriers, who were under the age of 35 and had no children. These women were given genetic counseling, and the availability of antenatal diagnosis was explained to them. If each of these 84 women had two children, 27 of their sons would have an intellectual handicap. We recommend cytogenetic screening for the fragile X syndrome in all currently identified intellectually handicapped people, followed by routine screening of children newly identified as intellectually handicapped in the school system. (N Engl J Med 1986; 315:607–9.)
Adhesive-Free Transfer of Gold Patterns to PDMS-Based Nanocomposite Dielectric for Printed High-Performance Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2011)

Low-cost, adhesive-free direct transfer of gold patterns onto PDMS-based nanocomposite dielectric layer was investigated to significantly improve contact resistance at electrode-semiconductor interface in organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs). In particular, the nanocomposite film made from PDMS and solution-processable titanium dioxide nanoparticles was applied as dielectric layer in OTFTs, while transfer of gold patterns with a resolution lower than 3 μm is realized without use of any adhesive but through increased adhesion between gold and nanocomposite film of higher thickness and dielectric constant formed by in situ PDMS cross-linking process. Dielectric constant of the nanocomposite shows a dependence on the ratio of titanium dioxide nanoparticles to PDMS and the dielectric thickness was optimized for the best transfer efficiency. The organic transistors fabricated by this process demonstrate a high mobility of 0.038 cm(2)/(V s) and on/off ratio of 1 × 10(4) to 1 × 10(5). The electrode-semiconductor interface is evaluated by transmission line model to have width-normalized contact resistance of ∼100 kΩ cm while the inert property of dielectric-semiconductor interface gives low hysteresis (ΔV(th) = 1.2 V) and low threshold voltage (V(th) = -1.3 V) in the devices. This process can be readily adapted into a low-cost mass manufacturing process for printed organic electronics.
Organizational Strategies For Personal Computing In Decision Support Systems* (1980)

This article suggests a strategy for using Personal Computing to provide decision support to individuals within an organizational context. The growing phenomenon of personal computing is recognized as a valid technological base for providing decision support to individuals. However, the challenge is the exploitation of this capability within an organizational context. In particular, personal computing raises many management control issues. The article suggests a useful distinction between personal decision support and organizational decision support. This distinction is critical in formulating a strategy for personal support within the organizational context.
Structure and assembly mechanism of plant C <sub>2</sub> S <sub>2</sub> M <sub>2</sub> -type PSII-LHCII supercomplex (2017)

In plants, the photosynthetic machinery photosystem II (PSII) consists of a core complex associated with variable numbers of light-harvesting complexes II (LHCIIs). The supercomplex, comprising a dimeric core and two strongly bound and two moderately bound LHCIIs (C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>M<sub>2</sub>), is the dominant form in plants acclimated to limited light. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of two forms of C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>M<sub>2</sub> (termed stacked and unstacked) from <i>Pisum sativum</i> at 2.7- and 3.2-angstrom resolution, respectively. In each C<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>M<sub>2</sub>, the moderately bound LHCII assembles specifically with a peripheral antenna complex CP24-CP29 heterodimer and the strongly bound LHCII, to establish a pigment network that facilitates light harvesting at the periphery and energy transfer into the core. The high mobility of peripheral antennae, including the moderately bound LHCII and CP24, provides insights into functional regulation of plant PSII.
Aging and ischemic stroke (2019)

795,000 strokes occurring annually in the United States, 87% are classified as ischemic strokes [1].Aging is the most robust non-modifiable risk factor for incident stroke, which doubles every 10 years after age 55 years.Approximately three-quarters of all strokes occur in persons aged ≥65 years.As the number of people aged ≥ 65 years is projected to grow, the number of incident strokes in older adults is expected to rise, presenting major challenges for clinicians and policy makers in the foreseeable future.Aging and cerebral vasculature.The complex network of the adult brain vasculature measures approximately 370 miles, receives about 20% of total cardiac output, and exchanges 20% of total blood glucose and oxygen.With aging, both cerebral microand macro-circulations undergo structural and functional alterations.Age-related microcirculatory changes are presumably mediated by endothelial dys-function and impaired cerebral autoregulation and neurovascular coupling.Whereas endothelial dysfunc-tion promotes neuro-inflammation, impaired cerebral autoregulation may lead to microvascular injury, and impaired neurovascular coupling fosters a decline in cortical function, all potential targets for future therapeutic interventions.Aging, in otherwise healthy individuals, is associated with numerous noticeable changes in human intracranial and extracranial cerebral arteries that predict the risk of future stroke.Aging and silent cerebrovascular disease.Silent cerebrovascular disease represents structural abnormalities, presumed vascular etiology, on neuroimaging not supported by clinically recognized stroke symptoms.The prevalence of silent cerebrovascular disease increases with advancing age and is recognizable as the following parenchymal lesions: 1) Silent infarcts (silent strokes), prevalence 6% and 28%, exceeds symptomatic stroke by a ratio of 10:1, 2) white matter hyperintensity or hypodensity on neuroimaging represent microvascular disease occurring in 20% to 94% older adults, and 3) cerebral microbleeds indicate silent intracerebral hemorrhages in 38% of general population aged >80 years.These conditions are age dependent and forecast increased risk of future symptomatic strokes (Figure 1).Aging and stroke risk factors.A worldwide population-based study identified 10 risk factors that collectively account for 88% of the risk of stroke in all Aging and ischemic stroke
Design of high-Q photonic crystal microcavities with a graded square lattice for application to quantum cascade lasers (2008)

A high-Q photonic crystal (PC) microcavity for TM-like modes, which can be applied to quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), was successfully designed in an air-hole based PC slab with semiconductor cladding layers. In spite of no photonic badgaps for TM-like modes in air-hole based PC slabs, cavity Q reached up to 2,200 by utilizing a graded square lattice PC structure. This is approximately 18 times higher than those previously reported for PC defect-mode microcavities for QCLs. This large improvement is attributed to a suppression of the coupling between the cavity mode and the leaky modes thanks to the dielectric perturbation in the graded structure. We also predicted a dramatic reduction of the threshold current in the designed cavity down to one-fifteenth of that of a conventional QCL, due to a decreased optical volume.
Anticipating the onset of inflammatory bowel disease (1999)

See article on page 812 

The great interest in identifying susceptibility genes in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has recently triggered the aggregation of family trees throughout Europe and the United States. This has led to a better knowledge of empirical risk and clinical characteristics of familial IBD. One of the most consistent findings in families with Crohn’s disease was early onset in most affected children of an affected parent, with an average difference of 15 years. This may be a more general feature of familial IBD, as shown in this issue by Lee et al (see page 808) who observed a similar time span (16–18 years) between generations in 50 pure Crohn’s disease, 51 pure ulcerative colitis and 36 mixed disease families.

Genetic anticipation has been suggested as a possible explanation for this finding.1 This term denotes a decrease in the age of onset and an increase in severity as a disease is passed through generations.2 Genetic anticipation has been described in monogenic neurological illnesses such as Huntington’s disease, myotonic dystrophy and more recently Friedreich’s ataxia. In these diseases, there …
Thermotherapy with a photoacoustic/ultrasound dual-modality agent (2011)

A microbubble-based imaging/therapeutic agent is introduced. Specifically, gold nanoparticles (AuNRs) are encapsulated in microbubbles (MBs) for both ultrasound (US) imaging and laser-induced thermotherapy (LIT). In addition, this agent, AuNR-MB, takes albumin microbubble as a carrier and includes the AuNRs that maintain the original absorption peak at around 760nm. AuNR-MBs in different sizes are synthesized. Imaging is first performed to evaluate its feasibility. The enhanced PA and US signals in polyacrylamide gel for in vitro study are measured. The PA spectroscopy is then performed and the results generally agree with the measured optical absorption although its peak is slightly broadened and shifted possibly due to mixing. In phantoms, the contrast is 1.531, 2.447, 2.085, 1.994, 0.768, and 0.573 at wavelength of 720, 760, 800, 860, 900, and 940 nm respectively. Finally, the application of the new agent to LIT is presented. A continuous wave laser at 800 nm is used to heat the samples with the power at 1W. The photoacoustic (PA) intensity in the region of interest (ROI) is increased by an average of 5.2dB. The increased signal level implies that the temperature in the ROI can be increased to 44.3°C in aqueous filled setup. Furthermore, the dual-modality agent has the potential to be used in HIFU therapy, drug delivery and loading of DNA for gene transfer.
Differential detection of alternatively spliced variants of Ciz1 in normal and cancer cells using a custom exon-junction microarray (2010)

Expression of CIZ1 delta 8-12 appears to be restricted to cancer cells, and may therefore be a useful novel biomarker.
A cooperative immunization system for an untrusting internet (2004)

Viruses and worms are one of the most common causes of security problems in computer systems today. Users attempt to protect machines from such attacks by using anti-virus programs and firewalls, with a mixed record of success at best. One of the main problems with these solutions is that they rely on manual configurations and human intervention, and may fail to react in time to defend against an attack. We present a cooperative immunization system that helps defend against these types of attacks. The nodes in our system cooperate and inform each other of ongoing attacks and the actions necessary to defend. To evaluate our proposal, we discuss a simple virus model and evaluate our system using simulation. Our measurements show that our algorithm is more effective against viruses and more robust against malicious participants in the immunization system.
Electro Cell Fusion for Hybridoma Production (2019)

Once a good immune response has developed in an animal and an appropriate screening procedure has been developed, the construction of hybridomas is ready to begin. The electro cell fusion (electrofusion) method uses an electrical field in the form of short, intense pulses to increase the permeability of the membrane. The resulting local perforation of the cell membrane induces the cells to fuse, forming hybridomas. Electrofusion is accomplished in three steps: Prealignment of the cells (convergence and cell contact), membrane fusion, and postalignment (rounding off the fused cells). This method has been applied successfully to hybridoma production with higher efficiency than routine polyethylene glycol fusion, allowing production of more hybrid cells.
Use of the Neisserial Lipoprotein (Lip) for Subtyping <i>Neisseria gonorrhoeae</i> (2000)

The pathogenic Neisseria species N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae possess an outer membrane lipoprotein, designated Lip, which is present in all strains tested. The predicted protein sequence of Lip consists of a consensus AAEAP amino acid repeat. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the Lip repeat number and sequence for subtyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The lip genes of each isolate were amplified by PCR and sequenced to determine the repeat number and sequence. Among the 46 strains we examined, eight different Lip repeat numbers were identified, with lengths of 11 (1 strain), 12 (14 strains), 13 (2 strains), 14 (10 strains), 15 (5 strains), 16 (10 strains), 17 (3 strains), and 20 (1 strain) repeats. Analysis indicated differences in the sequences within the repeats that resulted in amino acid alterations in repeat classes that contained multiple strains. Among the 46 isolates examined, we were able to identify 17 unique Lip subtyping patterns.
Techbits (February 2001) (2001)

Techbits - No abstract available.
A scalable BSIM3v3 RF model for multi-finger NMOSFETs with ring substrate contact (2003)

We propose a scalable RF subcircuit FET model using BSIM3v3 by adding one of BSIM4's Intrinsic Input Resistance (IIR) models (rgateMod=3) for S/sub 11/ scalability as well as a simple RC substrate network with well defined intrinsic FET's parasitic estimation including partitioned junction diodes for S/sub 22/ scalability. Using this simple model, we could achieve a reasonable scalability with variations of L, W, V/sub GS/, and V/sub DS/ for S/sub 11/ up to 25 GHz. We also suggest new S-parameter test structure for FETs with Ring Substrate Contact (RSC). This new layout scheme allows for improved S/sub 22/ scalability up to about 10 GHz; as well as reduces the punch through effect in DC I-V characteristic of large width NFETs. In addition, comparing to NFETs without RSC, we also report substantial R/sub sub/ lowering, FT and NF/sub min/ worsening, and C/sub sub/ influence on S/sub 22/ contours for NFETs with RSC in detail.
Resuscitation with Ringer's Ethyl Pyruvate Solution Prolongs Survival and Modulates Plasma Cytokine and Nitrite/Nitrate Concentrations in a Rat Model of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Shock (2002)

The glycolytic intermediate, pyruvate, is capable of scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, this compound is relatively unstable and hence is not useful as a therapeutic agent. Ethyl pyruvate, a simple derivative of pyruvate, appears to be more stable, and when formulated in a calcium-containing Ringer's-type balanced salt solution (REPS), has been shown to be salutary in rat models of two pathophysiological conditions--mesenteric ischemia/reperfusion and hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation--that are thought to be mediated, at least in part, by ROS. Because ROS also have been implicated in the pathogenesis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced shock, we carried out a series of experiments to determine if REPS is beneficial in this condition. Anesthetized rats were challenged with intravenous LPS (20 mg/kg). When mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased to 60 mmHg, 3- to 5-mL boluses of either REPS (n = 10) or Ringer's lactate solution (RLS; n = 10) were infused as needed to prevent MAP from decreasing further. By design, the maximal volume of fluid infused was 7 mL/kg. Resuscitation with REPS as compared with RLS prolonged survival time (498 +/- 48 min vs. 362 +/- 30 min; P = 0.0014). Resuscitation with REPS as compared with RLS also was associated with significantly lower circulating concentrations of nitrite/nitrate and interleukin (IL)-6 and higher plasma levels of IL-10. These data support the view that delayed treatment with REPS modulates the inflammatory response to LPS, and prolongs survival time in a lethal model of endotoxic shock.
Cytotoxic Illudane Sesquiterpenes from the Fungus <i>Granulobasidium vellereum</i> (Ellis and Cragin) Jülich (2015)

Eight illudane sesquiterpenes were obtained from the wood-decomposing fungus Granulobasidium vellereum (Ellis and Cragin) Jülich; among them were the enantiomers of the known compounds illudin M (1) and dihydroilludin M (4) and the diastereomers of illudin M (2) and illudin S (3), as well as two previously undescribed illudanes (5, 6). The cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 and 6 was evaluated against two tumor cell lines (Huh7 and MT4), which showed that compounds 1-3 had potent cytotoxic activity, whereas compounds 4 and 6 had no or only moderate effects at concentrations up to 400 μM. Surprisingly, both compounds 2 and 3 were about 10 times more potent than 1. When the chemical reactivity of 1 and 2 was tested, compound 2 was shown to have a substantially higher reaction rate when reacted both with 2 M HCl and with cysteine, indicating that the difference in cytotoxicity is probably due to chemical reactivity and not to enzymatic affinity.
Reconstruction in wheat of complete chromosomes 1B and 1R from the 1RS.1BL translocation of 'Kavkaz' origin (1993)

Translocation 1RS.1BL originally from the 'Aurora' and 'Kavkaz' wheats has spread to bread wheats all over the world. It offers several resistance genes and appears to significantly increase yields. For future study of the arm location of the yield-increasing factors, complete chromosomes 1B and 1R were reconstructed from the 1RS.1BL translocation. This was accomplished by centric misdivision and fusion in double monosomies 20 II + 1RS.1BL I + 1BS.1RL I. The frequency of misdivision and misdivision-fusion of the two unpaired chromosomes was 23.1%, which was much higher than expected but comparable with that observed in other stocks grown under similar conditions. Transmission of the reconstructed chromosomes to progeny was normal. In addition to all possible misdivision and misdivision-fusion products, two chromosomes of ambiguous origin were recovered: chromosome 1B with a proximal insert of about 40% of 1RS and chromosome 1R with a proximal insert of about 30% of 1BS. The study demonstrates that centric translocations can misdivide and fuse again to produce stable chromosomes with new arm combinations.
Characterization of the Human Thrombopoietin Gene Promoter (1997)

Thrombopoietin (TPO), the ligand for c-Mpl, is a cytokine that regulates megakaryocyte growth and development. We have cloned the 5'-flanking region of the human TPO gene and analyzed its promoter activity. The human TPO gene promoter lacks a TATA box and directs transcription initiation at multiple sites over a 50-nucleotide region. Transient expression in a human liver cell line (PLC) of promoter fragment-luciferase reporter gene constructs containing a series of 5'-truncated sequences or site-directed mutations identified a sequence 5'-ACTTCCG-3' from -69 to -63 as a positive cis-acting element for high level expression of TPO gene. This sequence contains a core motif (C/A)GGA(A/T) for Ets family proteins in the noncoding strand. Gel mobility shift assays performed with nuclear protein from PLC cells identified a DNA binding protein(s) specific for the element. Anti-E4TF1-60(GABPalpha) or anti-E4TF1-53/47(GABPbeta) antibodies supershifted the complex in gel shift assay. Furthermore, co-expression of E4TF1-60 and E4TF1-53/47 squelched TPO gene expression in PLC and HepG2 cells. It is concluded that Ets family transcription factor E4TF1(GABPalpha/beta), an ubiquitously expressed protein, is required for high level expression of the TPO gene in liver.
Channel selection by optical injection locking in frequency-comb based DWDM transmission (2012)

We investigate coherence preservation through optical injection locking (OIL) of optical frequency comb for DWDM channel selection. The coherence was preserved through the OIL and channel selection from 25-GHz spacing DWDM signals was realized.
Pitman-Yor Diffusion Trees (2011)

We introduce the Pitman Yor Diffusion Tree (PYDT) for hierarchical clustering, a generalization of the Dirichlet Diffusion Tree (Neal, 2001) which removes the restriction to binary branching structure. The generative process is described and shown to result in an exchangeable distribution over data points. We prove some theoretical properties of the model and then present two inference methods: a collapsed MCMC sampler which allows us to model uncertainty over tree structures, and a computationally efficient greedy Bayesian EM search algorithm. Both algorithms use message passing on the tree structure. The utility of the model and algorithms is demonstrated on synthetic and real world data, both continuous and binary.
Theoretical and experimental studies of polarization mode dispersion of an electro-optic Mach–Zehnder modulator (2005)

A theoretical model is developed to study the polarization mode dispersion effect in an electro-optic Mach-Zehnder interferometric (MZI) modulator. The Stokes parameters and differential group delay (DGD) of the output light of a MZI modulator can be analytically derived with the proposed model, which is based on a three-dimensional Maxwell's wave equation approach. The theoretical model is validated to the extent possible by comparing the theoretical results of the Stokes parameters and DGD with experimental measurements that are based on the wavelength-scanning method and the Jones matrix eigenanalysis method.
Actinic Inspection of EUV Programmed Multilayer Defects and Cross-Comparison Measurements (2006)

The production of defect-free mask blanks remains a key challenge for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. Integral to this effort is the development and characterization of mask inspection tools that are sensitive enough to detect critical defects with high confidence. Using a single programmed-defect mask with a range of buried bump-type defects, we report a comparison of measurements made in four different mask-inspection tools: one commercial tool using 488-nm wavelength illumination, one prototype tool that uses 266-nm illumination, and two non-commercial EUV ''actinic'' inspection tools. The EUV tools include a darkfield imaging microscope and a scanning microscope. Our measurements show improving sensitivity with the shorter wavelength non-EUV tool, down to 33-nm spherical-equivalent-volume diameter, for defects of this type. Measurements conditions were unique to each tool, with the EUV tools operating at a much slower inspection rate. Several defects observed with EUV inspection were below the detection threshold of the non-EUV tools.
The ultrastructure of fertilization and zygote formation in the green alga <i>Ulva mutabilis</i> føyn (1971)

ABSTRACT Fertilization and zygote formation in the multicellular green alga Ulva mutabilis Føyn were studied with the aid of transmission and scanning electron microscopes. The growth mutant ‘slender’ was used in this investigation. The initial contact between mating gametes is made by the flagella, whereupon cytoplasmic contact is established within a few seconds. Fusion of the cytoplasm of the 2 cells is completed in 5 min and the nuclei can be seen to fuse 30 min after the onset of copulation. The settling of the young zygotes initiates a process during which the 4 flagella are absorbed into the cell. Cell wall formation also starts when the zygotes settle. Observations indicate disintegration of one of the 2 chloroplasts in the young zygote.