gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel catheter enabling simultaneous radiofrequency ablation and optical coherence reflectometry (2015)

A novel radiofrequency ablation catheter has been developed with integrated custom designed optics, enabling real-time monitoring of radiofrequency ablation procedures through polarization-sensitive optical coherence reflectometry. The optics allow for proper tissue illumination through a view-port machined in the catheter tip, thus providing lesion depth control over the RF ablation treatment. The system was verified in an in-vitro model of swine myocardium. Optical performance and thermal stability was confirmed after more than 25 procedures, without any damage to the optical assembly induced by thermal stress or material degradation. The use of this catheter in RF ablation treatments may make possible to assess lesion depth during therapy, thus translating into a reduction of potential complications on the procedure.
Genetic Manipulation of Leaf Senescence (2007)

The effect of stress (long-term darkening) on the structure and functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus was studied in leaves of non-transformed as well as two types of ipt-transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Petit Havana SR1) plants, The ipt-gene controlling the biosynthesis of cytokinins (CKs) was coupled to the light-inducible Pssu-promoter of Pisum sativum of to the heat-inducible hsp-promoter of Drosophila melanogaster. Pssu-ipt transgenic grafts with high contents of endogenous CKs retained their chlorophyll (Chi) content during a 15 d dark treatment while the SR1- and heat-treated Phsp 70-ipt seedlings, which did not differ significantly in CKs content, lost up to 60 % of their Chi. The normalised variable fluorescence ratio (F-v/F-m) and oxygen evolution decreased dramatically in the course of continuous dark treatment, indicating a degradation of photosystem. 2 irrespective of the plant type. Changes in the polypeptide composition of thylakoid membranes, as analysed by SDS-PAGE, confirmed this degradation process. Light and electron microscopic observations of leaf sections, and of the ultrastructure of plastids showed changes corresponding to a degradation of the photosynthetic apparatus.
High-efficiency GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cells (1996)

GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cells have achieved efficiencies between 25.7-30.2%, depending on illumination conditions. The efficiencies are the highest confirmed two-terminal values measured for any solar cell within each standard illumination category. The monolithic, series-connected design of the tandem cells allows them to be substituted for silicon or gallium arsenide cells in photovoltaic panel systems with minimal design changes. The advantages of using GaInP/GaAs tandem solar cells in space and terrestrial applications are discussed primarily in terms of the reduction in balance-of-system costs that accrues when using a higher efficiency cell. The new efficiency values represent a significant improvement over previous efficiencies for this materials system, and we identify grid design, back interface passivation, and top interface passivation as the three key factors leading to this improvement. In producing the high-efficiency cells, we have addressed nondestructive diagnostics and materials growth reproducibility as well as peak cell performance.
A new look at impact ionization-Part II: Gain and noise in short avalanche photodiodes (1999)

For Part I see R.J. McIntyre, ibid., vol.46, no.8, pp.1623-31 (1999). In Part I, a new theory for impact ionization that utilizes history-dependent ionization coefficients to account for the nonlocal nature of the ionization process has been described. In this paper, we will review this theory and extend it with the assumptions that are implicitly used in both the local-field theory in which the ionization coefficients are functions only of the local electric field and the new one. A systematic study of the noise characteristics of GaAs homojunction avalanche photodiodes with different multiplication layer thicknesses is also presented. It is demonstrated that there is a definite "size effect" for thin multiplication regions that is not well characterized by the local-field model. The new theory, on the other hand, provides very good fits to the measured gain and noise. The new ionization coefficient model has also been validated by Monte Carlo simulations.
A nonrotating multiparameter 3-D X-ray imaging system-Part II: design and experiments (2004)

The design aspects of a 3-D X-ray imaging system that eliminates the rotation process associated with tomographic systems are discussed. The processes of selecting the proper X-ray voltage and the beam configuration are addressed. A rectilinear scanning mechanism is introduced. The choice and design of detector assemblies are described. The paper presents the results of experiments devised to progressively test the performance and response of the system.
Analysis of a spinning polygon wavelength swept laser (2015)

It has been known for quite some time that spinning polygon, and similar, swept lasers used in OCT favor the short to long wavelength sweep direction because of four wave mixing in the gain medium. Here we have reformulated the problem in the time domain and show experimentally and through numerical simulation that these lasers are pulsed. The emitted pulses modulate the gain medium refractive index to red shift the light. Instead of new wavelengths being built up slowly from spontaneous emission, each pulse hops to a longer wavelength by nonlinear means, tracking the tunable filter. This allows high speed, low noise tuning in the blue to red direction. Based on this model, we make the first coherence length calculations for a swept source.
Allenamides as Orthogonal Handles for Selective Modification of Cysteine in Peptides and Proteins (2014)

In this study, a remarkably simple and direct strategy has been successfully developed to selectively label target cysteine residues in fully unprotected peptides and proteins. The strategy is based on the reaction between allenamides and the cysteine thiol, and proceeds swiftly in aqueous medium with excellent selectivity and quantitative conversion, thus forming a stable and irreversible conjugate. The combined simplicity and mildness of the process project allenamide as robust and versatile handles to target cysteines and has potential use in biological systems. Additionally, fluorescent-labeling studies demonstrated that the installation of a C-terminal allenamide moiety onto various molecules of interest may supply a new methodology towards the site-specific labeling of cysteine-containing proteins. Such a new labeling strategy may thus open a window for its application in the field of life sciences.
1,2‐Diphenylaziridines as pesticides: Studies on acute toxicity and delayed effects (1988)

Abstract The insecticidal activities of 15 different 1,2‐diphenylaziridines were evaluated. These compounds are readily obtained by photolysis of 1,2,3‐triazolines; the latter can be conveniently prepared by the addition of diazomethane to Schiff bases in dioxane in the presence of water. Compounds containing a chloro, bromo or trifluoromethyl group in the para position of the 1‐phenyl and a chloro in the ortho position of the 2‐phenyl caused acute toxicity in 5th‐instar Manduca sexta larvae via both oral and topical routes of exposure. Lower concentrations resulted in delayed effects such as reduced growth rate, pupal and adult malformations and reduced fecundity. When either phenyl group was unsubstituted, the activity was reduced. Unsubstituted 1,2‐diphenylaziridine was inactive. Topical applications of l‐(4‐fluorophenyl)‐2‐(2‐chlorophenyl) aziridine were active against representative species in the insect orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Orthoptera.
Electrothermoplasmonic flow for plasmon-assisted optical trapping (Presentation Recording) (2015)

Plasmonic nanostructures, which support highly localized and enhanced electromagnetic field are now actively researched as a means for efficient trapping of nanoscale objects, not addressable by conventional diffraction-limited optical tweezers. An issue of critical concern is how to efficiently transport and deliver the suspended particles to the illuminated plasmonic nanostructure. There are primarily two main approaches that researchers employ for trapping of particles with plasmonic nanostructure(s) on a substrate. The first approach involves illuminating arrays of closely-spaced plasmonic nanostructures. However resonant illumination of the nanostructures results in collective heating and this produces strong fluid convection that exerts drag forces on the particles. Elucidating the roles of these heating-induced forces and optical gradient forces arising from plasmonic field enhancement have so far remained elusive. The other scheme involves illuminating a single plasmonic nanostructure. However, due to the absence of thermoplasmonic convection in this case, the dynamics of the suspended particle to be trapped becomes dictated by Brownian motion- an inherently slow process. We will discuss a new fluid flow mechanism, which we have termed electrothermoplasmonic (ETP) flow to resolve this dilemma. ETP flow harnesses intrinsic plasmonic heating combined with AC electric field to generate on-demand fluid and particle transport, which means that particles could be rapidly transported for trapping in sub-wavelength plasmonic hotspots only when desired, and without any competition between heating-induced forces and optical gradient forces. These new capabilities certainly provide new directions for research in the field of plasmon-assisted optical trapping, which will be discussed.
Technique for Enhanced Flow Control Efficiency Through Thermal Actuation (2018)

Thermal active flow control has been developed to enhance the efficiency of active flow control systems. The actuation concept is derived from gas-dynamics principles, and it is based on thermal control of the air supply. It is shown that higher air supply temperatures result in reduced mass flow rate with no degradation in active flow control performance. A computational method has been used to systematically investigate the hot air supply approach for isolated blowing actuators and fluidic oscillators. Subsequently, the thermal control concept has been computationally evaluated for airplane applications. These include enhanced control authority of a vertical tail and an airplane high-lift system, confirming the trends observed from the gas-dynamics analysis with regard to reduced actuation input as a function of supply temperature. Further confirmation of the thermal actuation concept was experimentally obtained for a bench-top actuator and a vertical-tail model in a wind-tunnel setting. The paper introduces potential approaches for system integration associated with heated supply, while highlighting the benefit of using available high-temperature sources for active flow control.
Efficient Production of Active Recombinant<i>Candida rugosa</i>LIP3 Lipase in<i>Pichia pastoris</i>and Biochemical Characterization of the Purified Enzyme (2006)

Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), an important industrial enzyme, possesses several different isoforms encoded by the high-identity lip gene family (lip1 to lip7). In this study, an additional N-terminal peptide in front of the lip3 gene was removed by PCR, and the 18 nonuniversal serine codons (CTG) of the lip3 gene were converted into universal serine codons (TCT) by means of an overlap extension PCR-based multiple-site-directed mutagenesis to express an active recombinant LIP3 in the yeast Pichia pastoris. The regional synthetic DNA fragment (339 bp) is first recombined by primer assembly with 20 overlapping nucleotides, followed by specific overlap extension PCR with outside primers containing restriction enzyme sites for directional cloning into the pGAPZalphaC vector. The results show that the production yield (0.687 unit/mL) of N-fused lip3 (nflip3) has an overall improvement of 69-fold relative to that (0.01 unit/mL) of lip3 and of 52-fold (0.47 unit/mL) of codon-optimized lip3 (colip3) relative to that (0.01 unit/mL) of non-codon-optimized lip3 (lip3), with the cultivation time set at 5 days. This finding demonstrates that the reservation of the N terminus and the regional codon optimization of the lip3 gene fragment at the 5' end can greatly increase the expression level of recombinant LIP3 in the P. pastoris system. The purified recombinant LIP3 shows distinct biochemical properties compared with other isoforms.
Membrane-type acoustic metamaterial with negative dynamic mass (2010)

We present the experimental realization and theoretical explanation of a membrane-type acoustic metamaterial of very simple structure,capable of breaking the mass density law of sound attenuation in the 100—1000Hz regime by a significant margin(~200 times).Due to the membrane's weak elastic moduli,low frequency oscillation patterns can be found even in a small elastic film with fixed boundaries defined by a rigid grid.The vibrational eigenfrequencies can be tuned by placing a small mass at the center of the membrane sample.Near-total reflection is achieved at a frequency in between two eigenmodes where the in-plane average of the normal displacement is zero.By using finite element simulations,a negative dynamic mass is explicitly demonstrated at frequencies around the total reflection frequency.Excellent agreement between theory and experiment is obtained.We also show that the present mechanism can explain the phenomenon of total microwave transmission through subwavelength slits in metallic fractals,at frequencies intermediate between two local resonances.
Terahertz imaging by THz→IR conversion (2019)

A low-cost THz→IR converter based on a printed metasurface is fabricated. The converter is a thin membrane which absorbs the terahertz radiation at a single frequency using a grating of antennas, and converts it into thermal IR radiation. Here, we demonstrate THz imaging at 96 GHz using an IR camera equipped with the converter. The membrane can be upgraded to convert simultaneously multiple frequencies thus giving a possible path for terahertz multispectral imaging using an IR camera.
Genetic addiction risk score GARS trade a predictor of vulnerability to opioid dependence (2017)

The interaction of neurotransmitters and genes that control the release of dopamine is the Brain Reward Cascade (BRC). Variations within the BRC, whether genetic or epigenetic, may predispose individuals to addictive behaviors and altered pain tolerance. This discussion authored by a group of concerned scientists and clinicians examines the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS), the first test to accurately predict vulnerability to pain, addiction, and other compulsive behaviors, defined as Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS). Innovative strategies to combat epidemic opioid, iatrogenic prescription drug abuse and death, based on the role of dopaminergic tone in pain pathways, are proposed. Sensitivity to pain may reside in the mesolimbic projection system, where genetic polymorphisms associate with a predisposition to pain vulnerability or tolerance. They provide unique therapeutic targets that could assist in the treatment of pain, and identify risk for subsequent addiction. Pharmacogenomic testing of candidate genes like CB1, mu receptors, and PENK might result in pharmacogenomic, personalized solutions, and improved clinical outcomes. Genetically identifying risk for all RDS behaviors, especially in compromised populations, may be a frontline tool to assist municipalities to provide better resource allocation.
Scratching behaviour and its features: a questionnaire-based study in an Italian sample of domestic cats (2013)

Scratching behaviour in cats is described as a normal expression of the feline ethogram, having different possible purposes related to visual and chemical communication. During behavioural consultations owners often mention scratching as an additional problem. This preliminary study aimed to understand the characteristics of this complex behaviour by examining the variables displayed by a sample of the Italian feline population using multiple correspondence analysis. One hundred and twenty-eight cats were screened by means of a questionnaire to identify features of their scratching behaviour. Our data showed the importance of both the presence/absence of a scratching post in the cat's living area and its relationship to marking. When a scratching post is present in a cat's living area, the cat appears to use it. Some aspects related to sex, neutering, age and environmental characteristics may modify the expression of scratching as a marking behaviour. Research has led to increased knowledge of this behaviour and may help veterinarians in describing to owners why it is important for cats to express scratching behaviour in their environment. Such information could help veterinarians and owners to recognise normal and problematic scratching behaviours.
Characterization of the Safety and Pharmacokinetic Profile of d-Methadone, a Novel N-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonist in Healthy, Opioid-Naive Subjects (2019)

These results support the safety and continued clinical development of D-methadone as an NMDAR antagonist for the treatment of depression and other central nervous system disorders.
Novel method of reducing transient emissions from rotary-kiln incinerators through modified waste packaging. Rept. for Mar 90-May 92 (1992)

The paper gives results of tests on a 73 kW pilot-scale rotary kiln incinerator simulator to examine the effect of modified waste packaging on the ability of the incineration system to respond to transients imposed due to batch charging of volatile liquid surrogate hazardous wastes bound on corncob sorbents. Normally, the waste container ruptures soon after its introduction into the kiln, rapidly releasing any contained volatile materials. This rapid release of combustibles has the potential to locally deplete available oxygen supplied by the main burner. This can lead to a transient puff of unburned material that must be dealt with by downstream equipment, such as an afterburner. Innovative waste packaging methods were used to delay the time required for waste vaporization, which significantly decreased the measured amount of unburned material exiting the kiln. This concept has advantageous implications for rotary kiln incinerators as a way to both reduce transient emissions and increase the feed rate of containerized liquids.
Alignment devices for ultrafast optics (1990)

We describe two novel devices for optical beam alignment. One uses an elliptical mirror and a turning mirror to allow for a variable angle with a fixed position of incidence upon a sample. The other uses a parabolic mirror and a turning mirror to allow for a variable position with a fixed angle of incidence upon a sample. These devices have no chromatic dispersion, and the time of flight through either of these devices is a constant independent of the angle and position of incidence. Therefore, these devices are particularly useful for experiments and applications involving ultrashort pulses because the alignment of the beam on a sample under test can be adjusted continuously while preserving precise timing a requirement that might be imposed, for example, by a second pump beam of ultrashort pulses. Cascaded together, these devices allow placement of a laser beam upon a sample with arbitrary angle and position of incidence. Other combinations facilitate the capture of a signal beam by a detector in a measurement taken as a continuous function of the alignment parameters.
Enhanced Performance Prediction of Fusion-based Retrieval (2018)

We study the query performance prediction (QPP) task for fusion-based retrieval. Within such a retrieval setting, several ranked lists, each one retrieved by a different method, are combined into a single (fused) ranked list. A common prediction approach is to treat the (base) ranked lists as reference lists and combine those lists' QPP estimates according to their similarity with the fused-list. Yet, we identify a gap in the way that relevance-dependent aspects of inter-list relationships are modeled within such an approach. Aiming to address this gap, we derive an enhanced estimation approach which results in a more accurate prediction.
ChemInform Abstract: Minor Withanolides of Physalis longifolia: Structure and Cytotoxicity. (2013)

Abstract Two new minor withanolides, i.e.
1332. Identification of Genetic Markers Linked to Recurrent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections (2019)

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common and problematic causes of bacterial skin and soft-tissue infections (SSTI). MRSA tends to form complex skin infections, furuncles, boils and abscesses. Many patients go on to have recurrent infections, requiring significant additional therapy to treat each infection as well as needing to undergo decolonization of the skin in order to remove the bacteria and try to prevent future infections. A test to distinguish patients at risk for recurrence can allow earlier more aggressive treatment for those at risk for recurrent infection. This can potentially reduce healthcare costs, prevent future hospital admissions and surgical procedures, and reduce loss of productivity experienced by patients suffering from multiple recurrences. Methods A genome-wide association study using the Affymetrix gene array was performed on 11 patients with confirmed recurrent MRSA SSTIs and 3 controls who never developed an SSTI despite confirmed heavy exposure to MRSA in order to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) associated with recurrent MRSA. The 10 genes identified were then fully sequenced using an Illumina NextSeq 500 to identify additional SNPs. Results A total of 22 SNPs were found in 10 separate genes which distinguished patients with recurrent MRSA from patients without recurrent MRSA despite heavy exposure. The 10 genes are shown in Table 1 along with a representative SNP. The P-values for each individual SNP were between 3.5 × 10−5 and 1.2 × 10−7. Conclusion This study provides the first evidence of a genetic risk for those patients who develop recurrent MRSA SSTIs. The majority of the genes involved are related directly to the skin, not to immune functions thus it appears the major risk factor for development of recurrent MRSA SSTI is related to the barrier function of the skin and not to an immune defect. Being able to determine which patients are at risk for recurrence at the time they first present with an MRSA SSTI would be of great help in preventing future recurrences, reducing morbidity and reducing healthcare costs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Registration of high-density cross sectional images to the fundus image in spectral-domain ophthalmic optical coherence tomography (2006)

We previously developed a technique to acquire a SLO (scanning laser ophthalmoscope) like fundus intensity image from the raw spectra measured with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT), the same spectra used to generate a 3D OCT data set. This technique offers simultaneous fundus and OCT images and, therefore, solves the problem of registering a cross sectional OCT image to fundus features. However, the registration of high density OCT images is still an unsolved problem because no useful fundus image can be generated from the high density scans. High density OCT images can significantly improve the image quality and enhance the visualization of retinal structure, especially the structure of small lesions. We have developed a feature-based algorithm, which can register a high density OCT image on the fundus image generated from normal density scans. The algorithm was successfully tested for both normal and diseased eyes.
Pulse-driven Microresonator Solitons (2018)

Nonlinear optical microresonator driven by picosecond laser pulses can generate temporal dissipative solitons. These femtosecond soliton pulses can be all-optically controlled and are generated at a fraction of the power required in continuous-wave driven systems.