gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Evaporator Loop Heat Pipe (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) technology has advanced to the point that LHPs are baselined for thermal control systems in many spacecraft applications. These applications typically utilize a loop heat pipe with a single evaporator. However, many emerging applications involve heat sources with large thermal footprints, or multiple heat sources that would be better served by LHPs with multiple evaporators. Dual evaporator LHPs with separate reservoirs for each evaporator have been successfully developed, but the volume and weight of such systems become impractical as the number of the evaporators increase to more than three or four. Other investigators have proposed systems containing several evaporators that are coupled to a common reservoir with a conduit to contain a capillary link (secondary wick). This approach places several restrictions on the relative location of the evaporators due to the limitation of the capillary link. This paper describes an advanced LHP design architecture that contains a single reservoir and multiple evaporators that do not require a capillary link connection between the evaporator and the reservoir. Thereby removing restrictions on the location of the evaporators and enhancing the system's applicability to spatially separated heat sources or payloads with large thermal interfaces.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To demonstrate the feasibility of the advanced multi-evaporator system architecture, a multiple evaporator Loop Heat Pipe consisting of three evaporators and a single reservoir was fabricated and tested. Tests were performed over a wide range of conditions typical of potential spacecraft applications, including start-up and operation with equal and non-uniform evaporator heat loads, and transient response to power and sink temperature cycles. This paper presents the results of the test program and summarizes the system's attributes and limitations.</div>
Analysis on the Molecular Species and Concentration of Circulating ADAMTS13 in Blood (2006)

ADAMTS13 is the metalloprotease responsible for the proteolytic degradation of von Willebrand factor (VWF). A severe deficiency of this VWF-cleaving protease activity causes thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This protease, comprising 1,427 amino acid residues, is composed of multiple domains, i.e., a preproregion, a metalloprotease domain, a disintegrin-like domain, a thrombospondin type-1 motif (Tsp1), a cysteine-rich domain, a spacer domain, seven Tsp1 repeats, and two CUB domains. We prepared one polyclonal and seven monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct epitopes spanning the entire ADAMTS13 molecule. Of these antibodies, two of the monoclonal ones, which recognize the disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich/spacer domains, respectively, abolished the hydrolytic activity of ADAMTS13 toward both a synthetic substrate, FRETS-VWF73, and the natural substrate, VWF. In addition, these antibodies blocked the binding of ADAMTS13 to VWF. These results revealed that the region between the disintegrin-like and cysteine-rich/spacer domains interacts with VWF. Employing these established polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies, we examined the molecular species of ADAMTS13 circulating in the blood by immunoprecipitation followed by Western blot analysis, and estimated the plasma concentration of ADAMTS13 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These studies indicated that the major fraction of ADAMTS13 in blood plasma consisted of the full-length form. The concentration of ADAMTS13 in normal plasma was approximately 0.5-1 microg/ml.
Factors Affecting and Significance of G<sub>2</sub>Chromatin Radiosensitivity in Predisposition to Cancer (1989)

The frequencies of chromatid breaks and gaps in metaphase cells fixed 2 h after G2 phase X-irradiation (1 Gy) were in almost all cases at least two- to three-fold higher in skin fibroblasts from individuals with genetic conditions predisposing to cancer than in comparable cells from clinically normal controls. Previously, we reported this response in all cancer-prone genetic disorders tested including ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom's syndrome, Fanconi's anemia, xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), familial polyposis, Gardner's syndrome, hereditary malignant melanoma, dysplastic nevus syndrome and cancer family members. One exception was XP-A. In this report we add information on skin fibroblasts from retinoblastoma, Wilms' tumor and XP-C patients, 13 clinically normal controls and six cell lines from fetal or infant cells. Factors affecting the response are identified and include pH, temperature, cell density, culture medium or serum, microbial contamination and visible light exposure (effective wavelength 405 nm). Because of experimental variability, known normal controls should be used in each group of assays. With adequate control of the above factors this response could provide the basis of a test for detecting individuals carrying genes that predispose to a high risk of cancer.
Maternally Derived Immunity to Canine Parvovirus Infection: Transfer, Decline, and Interference with Vaccination (1982)

Antibody to canine parvovirus (CPV) was transferred from an immune bitch to her pups through the placenta and colostrum. Colostral transfer accounted for approximately 90% of the maternally-derived CPV antibody. After suckling, pups and hemagglutination-inhibition titers that averaged 50% of their dam's titer. Maternally derived CPV antibody declined with a half-life of 9.7 days. Pups with hemagglutination-inhibition titers greater than or equal to 1:80 were immune to oronasal challenge with virulent CPV, but any detectable hemagglutination-inhibition antibody (titer greater than or equal to 1:10) interfered with active immunization by modified-liver feline panleukopenia virus, inactivated feline panleukopenia virus, or inactivated CPV vaccines.
Acoustic Wave Guiding by Reconfigurable Tessellated Arrays (2018)

Guided sound waves from arrays of acoustic transducers are key to myriad techniques in medicine, engineering, and the physical sciences, but digital methods of wave-field control are restrictive. This study investigates physical reconfiguration of array elements according to the folding sequences of origami, which allows portability. Reconfiguring a tessellated array is more effective than digital methods of acoustic-wave guidance, using fewer array elements, while refinement of array topology tends to the ideal case of geometrical acoustics. These findings may promote adaptive, deployable waveguides for $e.g.$ medical ultrasound or the study of underwater ecosystems.
Collision-induced timing jitter reduction by periodic dispersion management in soliton WDM transmission (2002)

A major source of errors in soliton WDM transmission is collision-induced timing jitter. Because standard transmission lines have lumped amplification, the four-wave mixing fields from soliton collisions grow uncontrollably even when the spacing between amplifiers is much smaller than the soliton collision length, adding amplitude and timing jitter to the jitter due to ideal soliton collisions. Previously, it was proposed to use dispersion-decreasing fiber to reduce the four-wave mixing fields. In this paper, we show that dispersion management is a viable alternative to dispersion-decreasing fiber. Our computational results show that solitons in dispersion-managed fibers can actually suffer less impairment than solitons in ideal dispersion-decreasing fibers with the same average dispersion when the channel spacing is <10 pulse spectral widths.
Hydrothermal Restructuring of the Cell and Window Sizes of Silica Foams (2002)

The cell and window diameters of silica foams can be easily increased by as much as 18 nm through a simple postsynthesis hydrothermal treatment, indicating that the silica framework remains labile and responsive to the temperature dependence of the microemulsion droplet size within the cells. This makes it especially convenient to transform a closed-cell foam into an open-cell structure without changing the porogen.
Hydrogen Sensors Based on Conductivity Changes in Polyaniline Nanofibers (2006)

Hydrogen causes a reversible decrease in the resistance of a thin film of camphorsulfonic acid doped polyaniline nanofibers. For a 1% mixture of hydrogen in nitrogen, a 3% decrease in resistance is observed (DeltaR/R = -3%). The hydrogen response is completely suppressed in the presence of humidity. In contrast, oxygen does not inhibit the hydrogen response. A deuterium isotope effect on the sensor response is observed in which hydrogen gives a larger response than deuterium: (DeltaR/R)H/(DeltaR/R)D = 4.1 +/- 0.4. Mass sensors using nanofiber films on a quartz crystal microbalance also showed a comparable deuterium isotope effect: DeltamH/DeltamD = 2.3 +/- 0.2 or DeltanH/DeltanD = 4.6 +/- 0.4 on a molar basis. The resistance change of polyaniline nanofibers is about an order of magnitude greater than conventional polyaniline, consistent with a porous, high-surface-area nanofibrillar film structure that allows for better gas diffusion into the film. A plausible mechanism involves hydrogen bonding to the amine nitrogens along the polyaniline backbone and subsequent dissociation. The inhibitory effect of humidity is consistent with a stronger interaction of water with the polyaniline active sites that bind to hydrogen. These data clearly demonstrate a significant interaction of hydrogen with doped polyaniline and may be relevant to recent claims of hydrogen storage by polyaniline.
Scheduling Single-Arm Multicluster Tools for Two-Type Wafers With Lower-Bound Cycle Time (2023)

In today’s semiconductor manufacturing industry, wafer foundries often face the challenge of producing a variety of integrated circuit chip products using a single manufacturing line. To address this, multicluster tools have become a popular choice for processing multiple wafer types simultaneously. Operating such tools involves coordinating the robots in adjacent individual tools to transport multitype wafers through a shared buffer. This study aims to develop a scheduling method for the concurrent fabrication processes of two wafer types, performed by a multicluster tool with wafer residency time constraints. The proposed approach presents a two-backward sequence, based on a backward strategy of a single wafer type, to convert a one-wafer cyclic schedule into a one-wafer-per-type cyclic schedule while revealing its temporal properties. To ensure a smooth operation of a single-arm multicluster tool system and synchronize multiple robots, several necessary and sufficient conditions are derived for the first time. Two efficient algorithms are then proposed to determine the feasibility of a periodic schedule and obtain a schedule that achieves the lower-bound cycle time under a two-backward strategy, maximizing the productivity of such a multicluster tool. Finally, numerical simulations and two practical examples are presented to demonstrate the applications and performance of the proposed approach.
Sensorless position measurement in synchronous reluctance motor (1994)

A new discrete position sensor elimination technique for a sinusoidally wound synchronous reluctance motor drive is presented. The proposed technique determines the rotor position at zero crossing of the phase currents. The rotor position between the zero crossings is determined by applying extrapolation. The proposed technique works well at all speeds, including zero speed. This technique can be used in both vector controlled and conventional constant volts/Hertz type of motor controllers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prototype Focal-Plane-Array Optoelectronic Image Processor (1995)

Prototype very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) planar array of optoelectronic processing elements combines speed of optical input and output with flexibility of reconfiguration (programmability) of electronic processing medium. Basic concept of processor described in Optical-Input, Optical-Output Morphological Processor (NPO-18174). Performs binary operations on binary (black and white) images. Each processing element corresponds to one picture element of image and located at that picture element. Includes input-plane photodetector in form of parasitic phototransistor part of processing circuit. Output of each processing circuit used to modulate one picture element in output-plane liquid-crystal display device. Intended to implement morphological processing algorithms that transform image into set of features suitable for high-level processing; e.g., recognition.
<title>Coherence scanning in a geometrically desensitized interferometer</title> (1998)

A geometrically desensitized interferometer (GDI) uses two beams incident on the same sample area at different angles of incident to generate an interference pattern with an equivalence wavelength larger than the illumination wavelength. The instrument is well adapted to the metrology of both smooth and rough samples that are beyond the range of conventional interferometers, while providing more accuracy than conventional moire techniques. In this paper, we extend the capabilities of a GDI with an equivalent wavelength of 12.5 micron using coherence scanning in a manner similar to that of scanning white light interferometry. We also present new analysis techniques to accommodate speckle phenomena that can be more prominent in GDI than in white light interferometry. Our scanning GDI can rapidly characterize the surface flatness and relative heights of discontinuous surface features over large measurement volumes.
Advanced lithium ion battery charger (1997)

A lithium ion battery charger has been developed for four and eight cell batteries or multiples thereof. This charger has the advantage over those using commercial lithium ion charging chips in that the individual cells are allowed to be taper charged at their upper charging voltage rather than be cutoff when all cells of the string have reached the upper charging voltage limit. Since 30-60% of the capacity of lithium ion cells may be restored during the taper charge, this charger has a distinct benefit of fully charging lithium ion batteries by restoring all of the available capacity to all of its cells.
Disintegrated Channel Estimation in Filter-and-Forward Relay Networks (2016)

This paper investigates a disintegrated channel estimation technique required to accomplish the spatial diversity supported by cooperative relays. The relaying strategy considered herein is a filter-and-forward (FF) relaying method with superimposed training sequences for separately estimating the backhaul and access channels. To reduce inter-relay interference, a generalized filtering technique is proposed and investigated thoroughly. Unlike the interference suppression method commonly used in the conventional FF relay networks, the generalized filtering matrix essentially multiplexes the superimposed training sequences from different relays to the destination by time-division multiplexing, frequency-division multiplexing, and code-division multiplexing methods. The Bayesian Cramér-Rao lower bounds (BCRBs) for this channel estimation problem are derived as the estimation performance benchmarks. The mean square errors (MSEs) of the disintegrated channel estimates are also derived. Finally, the improvements offered by the proposed technique are verified by comprehensive computer simulations in conjunction with the calculations of the BCRBs and the MSEs derived in this paper.
Pullulan Hydrogels Improve Mesenchymal Stem Cell Delivery into High‐Oxidative‐Stress Wounds (2011)

Cell-based therapies for wound repair are limited by inefficient delivery systems that fail to protect cells from the acute inflammatory environment. Here, a biomimetic hydrogel system is described that is based on the polymer pullulan, a carbohydrate glucan known to exhibit potent antioxidant capabilities. It is shown that pullulan hydrogels are an effective cell delivery system and improve mesenchymal stem cell survival and engraftment in high-oxidative-stress environments. The results suggest that glucan hydrogel systems may prove beneficial for progenitor-cell-based approaches to skin regeneration.
Hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylases as targets for neuroprotection by “antioxidant” metal chelators: From ferroptosis to stroke (2013)

Neurologic conditions including stroke, Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and Huntington disease are leading causes of death and long-term disability in the United States, and efforts to develop novel therapeutics for these conditions have historically had poor success in translating from bench to bedside. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α mediates a broad, evolutionarily conserved, endogenous adaptive program to hypoxia, and manipulation of components of the HIF pathway is neuroprotective in a number of human neurological diseases and experimental models. In this review, we discuss molecular components of one aspect of hypoxic adaptation in detail and provide perspective on which targets within this pathway seem to be ripest for preventing and repairing neurodegeneration. Further, we highlight the role of HIF prolyl hydroxylases as emerging targets for the salutary effects of metal chelators on ferroptosis in vitro as well in animal models of neurological diseases.
The Structural Bases of Antibiotic Resistance in the Clinically Derived Mutant β-Lactamases TEM-30, TEM-32, and TEM-34 (2002)

Widespread use of beta-lactam antibiotics has promoted the evolution of beta-lactamase mutant enzymes that can hydrolyze ever newer classes of these drugs. Among the most pernicious mutants are the inhibitor-resistant TEM beta-lactamases (IRTs), which elude mechanism-based inhibitors, such as clavulanate. Despite much research on these IRTs, little is known about the structural bases of their action. This has made it difficult to understand how many of the resistance substitutions act as they often occur far from Ser-130. Here, three IRT structures, TEM-30 (R244S), TEM-32 (M69I/M182T), and TEM-34 (M69V), are determined by x-ray crystallography at 2.00, 1.61, and 1.52 A, respectively. In TEM-30, the Arg-244 --> Ser substitution (7.8 A from Ser-130) displaces a conserved water molecule that usually interacts with the beta-lactam C3 carboxylate. In TEM-32, the substitution Met-69 --> Ile (10 A from Ser-130) appears to distort Ser-70, which in turn causes Ser-130 to adopt a new conformation, moving its O gamma further away, 2.3 A from where the inhibitor would bind. This substitution also destabilizes the enzyme by 1.3 kcal/mol. The Met-182 --> Thr substitution (20 A from Ser-130) has no effect on enzyme activity but rather restabilizes the enzyme by 2.9 kcal/mol. In TEM-34, the Met-69 --> Val substitution similarly leads to a conformational change in Ser-130, this time causing it to hydrogen bond with Lys-73 and Lys-234. This masks the lone pair electrons of Ser-130 O gamma, reducing its nucleophilicity for cross-linking. In these three structures, distant substitutions result in accommodations that converge on the same point of action, the local environment of Ser-130.
Emulation of Propagation in Layered Anisotropic Media With Equivalent Coupled Microstrip Lines (2006)

A microstrip transmission line model is proposed for a new class of photonic crystals which exhibit a degenerate band edge (DBE). The microstrip line model is formed from a pair of coupled and uncoupled lines (one per field component, E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> and E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">y</sub> ) and is the first (to our knowledge) representing propagation within an anisotropic layered medium. Using the standard scattering matrix representation for the three consecutive layer sections forming the DBE unit cell, we calculate the band diagram and show that the periodic microstrip structure supports a DBE mode for a specific fabricatable design
<title>Noncontact diffuse optical tomography</title> (2004)

We present a simple and novel theoretical approach for modeling the intensity distribution from an arbitrarily shaped turbid volume in a non-contact geometry by considering diffuse light propagation in free-space. Optical tomography of turbid media has so far been limited by systems that require fixed geometries or fiber measurements. This novel theory is validated with experiments for a diffusive volume of known geometry in a non-contact situation, both with and without the presence of an embedded absorber. We also present a system that records non-contact optical measurements from diffuse media of arbitrary shapes and retrieves the three-dimensional surface information of the diffuse medium. This approach offers significant experimental simplicity and yields high-information content datasets. The performance of this novel tomographic approach is demonstrated with experimental reconstructions of phantoms. Finally, the implications of this new formulation in the context of optical tomography in turbid media are discussed.
HANS &#x2013; Unlocking New Print Control Alternatives By Bringing Color Separation And Halftoning Closer Together (2011)

Color separation is currently used to decide how much of each available colorant to use for each printable color and halftoning then builds patterns that meet those choices. Print color, however, depends not only on how much of each colorant is used, but also on how those colorants are superimposed. Furthermore, there are many halftone patterns that correspond to a given combination of ink amounts. HANS (Halftone Area Neugebauer Separation), which we introduced at last year's IS&T's CIC conference, is a move towards specifying halftone pattern statistics and enables control over print properties beyond their current limits. While the benefits of HANS for color gamut and ink use efficiency have been shown, at this year's NIP, we would like to look more closely at how to determine the set of all possible halftone patterns that match a given color and demonstrate how access to such sets – metamer sets – benefits print control. We will also illustrate how even for a simple CMY ink set, which using current approaches leads to exactly one ink combination per printable color, there are sets of alternative halftone patterns that match a given color. Such sets in turn allow for tradeoffs to be made, e.g., between grain and ink use, even in this simple case.
Nonlinear Parameter Tomography System Using Counterpropagating Probe and Pump Waves (1985)

In this paper, a novel tomographic system for imaging the nonlinear parameter (B/A) of biological objects is described. This parameter is closely related to the detailed properties of tissue, and may well provide a new powerful tool for ultrasonic tissue characterization. In our new system, an impulsive, relatively high power (10 mW/cm 2 ), low frequency pump wave is applied from the opposite direction of a cw low intensity probe wave of high frequency (5 MHz) so that the phase of the probe wave is modulated sequentially by the product of the nonlinear parameter (B/A) along the beam (x axis) and the pressure of the impulsive pump wave. This modulated probe wave is detected and demodulated to derive the distribution of (B/A) along the x axis. Many responses are averaged to increase the S/N ratio. Inverse or other filtering operations are applied to widen the frequency bandwidth of the pump wave. The entire system is realized in hardware. The counterbeam orientation makes the imaging system compact, with easy access to many parts of the human body. Its resolution is two times that of the perpendicular system proposed previously by us and the attenuation of the pump wave can also be compensated for easily. A practical system aimed at breast and liver diagnosis is described. The principle of the method and the system construction are described. B/A images of several objects are given.