gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diffusion and Structure in Water−Alcohol Mixtures:  Water + <i>tert</i>-Butyl Alcohol (2-Methyl-2-Propanol) (1999)

Data are reported for the intradiffusion coefficient of water (Dw) in aqueous solutions of 2-methyl-2-propanol (tert-butyl alcohol, TBA) as a function of pressure, temperature, and composition. In previous work (Harris and Newitt, J. Phys. Chem. B, 1998, 102, 8874), we have shown that for this system at mole fraction xTBA ∼ 0.025 and low temperatures, Dw shows a maximum with increasing pressure to a greater relative extent than does the self-diffusion coefficient in pure water under the same conditions. It was concluded that this is consistent with the concept that the water is more structured in the TBA solution at this composition. Our present results confirm this at other concentrations below xTBA ∼ 0.06. This is also consistent with a previous, but unpublished, study of TBA intradiffusion by Woznyj, and the NMR relaxation and chemical shift results of Yoshida et al. (J. Chem. Phys., 1998, 108,1360). At higher concentrations, the normal behavior of a diminution of the diffusion coefficient with increasing pressure occurs. This is not consistent with ordering of hydration water suggested by certain models based on the presence of clathrate-like hydrates in solution.
Enhanced flux pinning in Zr-doped MgB2 bulk superconductors prepared at ambient pressure (2002)

We prepared a series of Mg1−xZrxB2 bulk samples with different x values by the solid-state reaction at ambient pressure and investigated the effects of the Zr doping on phase compositions, microstructure, and flux pinning behavior. The results indicate that the a axis increases with the increase of the Zr doping and the c axis remains unchanged. ZrB2 phases form and a small amount of Zr atoms may substitute Mg in Zr-doped samples. Critical temperature drops with increasing the Zr doping. It is found that critical current density Jc can be significantly enhanced by the Zr doping and the best data are achieved in Mg0.9Zr0.1B2. For this sample, Jc values are remarkably improved to 1.83×106 A/cm2 in the self field and 5.51×105 A/cm2 in 1 T at 20 K. Also, the irreversibility field is increased by the Zr doping. The high density, fine grain size of MgB2, and small ZrB2 particles in Zr-doped samples may be responsible for the enhancement of Jc. Also, the field dependence of Jc at different temperatures was briefly discussed.
<title>Inverted retina of the human eye: a trichromatic 4D space-time optical correlator</title> (1996)

If the nuclear retinal layers of the human eye are interpreted as 3D phase gratings, the aperture effects in human vision, namely the Stiles-Crawford effects I and II and trichromatic vision, can be explained in terms of interference optics. A multilayer grating situated in the image plane of the eye fixes the direction of the diffraction orders through its 3D geometry. The ratio between (lambda) ' or (nu) ' of the light cone incident at an angle and (lambda) and (nu) of the cone incident at 0 degrees can thus be differentiated as a brightness, hue and saturation shift in 3 chromatic RGB diffraction orders in the near field behind the grating, thus providing information on the relative position, distance, 3D shape and movement of objects in the 3D space. The direction cosine of the light cones in the von Laue equation means that lateral distances and movements relative to the visual axis and longitudinal movements relative to the focused distance give rise to the aperture effects and a space-time microrelief of the 3D world. This is regarded as an optical basis for monocular spatial vision and motion detection. Temporal patterns in human vision therefore produce spatial patterns and movement information and vice versa. The intrinsic oscillations of the nuclear layers transform the constant interference-optical object representations become possible. The interference-optical local lateral connections and the retinal feedback NN structure allow the possibility of parallel-optical image correlation in real time. The psychophysical transformations in the retinal 3D grating correspond to an image transformation into a reciprocal grating; the retinal clock is set adaptively by means of (lambda) <SUB>max</SUB> of the 111 diffraction order and via the trichromatic white standard.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of 3‐Chlorocoumarins and Synthesis of Isocoumestan. (1988)

Abstract POCl 3 and the acetamide (II) form a complex which reacts with the salicylaldehydes (I) and the benzophenones (V) to give the desired 3‐chlorocoumarins (III) and (VI), respectively.
Eudora for Windows & MacIntosh (Visual QuickStart Guide) (1997)

From the Publisher:
Eudora is completely cross platform and comes in both free (Light) and commercial (Pro) versions, both of which are covered in this guide. The book walks users through basic Eudora terminology, menus, and windows and works through a basic setup. From there, the book delves into various tasks involved in email, such as writing and reading messages, and sending and receiving email.
The genesis of microarrays (2013)

This review provides a perspective on the initial development of microarray technologies by two independent groups in the late 1980s.
Single-feed highly-directive Fabry-Perot Cavity antenna for 60 GHz wireless systems: Design and fabrication (2010)

In this paper, a prototype Fabry-Perot Cavity (FPC) antenna is designed and fabricated at millimeter-wave frequencies, aiming at designing directive antennas for 60 GHz wireless systems. A prototype FPC antenna is designed to have 17 dB gain at 42.8 GHz with 600-700 MHz 3 dB-pattern-bandwidth and it is designed in order to be mounted on a wafer (chip). Measurement tools at millimeter frequencies and also antenna integration possibilities lead us to design an efficient feeding network for this kind of antenna. The antenna is fabricated on a quartz wafer (very low loss dielectric especially at millimeter-wave frequencies) which is coated by a thin layer of gold on each side. All the simulations on the reflection coefficient, gain and the radiation pattern of the antenna are done and compared using two most powerful EM simulators, Ansoft HFSS and Zeland IE3D and they are also compared with some measurement results for the prototype antenna.
B Cell Repopulation after Alemtuzumab Treatment in Kidney Transplant Recipients - Transient Increase in Transitional B Cells and Long Term Dominance of Naïve B Cells (2012)

In organ transplantation, the composition of the B cell compartment is increasingly identified as an important determinant for graft outcome. Whereas naïve and transitional B cells have been associated with long-term allograft survival and operational tolerance, memory B cells have been linked to decreased allograft survival. Alemtuzumab induction therapy effectively depletes B cells, followed by rapid repopulation up to levels exceeding base line. The characteristics of the repopulating B cells are currently unknown. We studied the phenotypic and functional characteristics of repopulating B cells longitudinally in 19 kidney transplant recipients, before and at 6, 9 and 12 months after alemtuzumab induction therapy. A transient increase in transitional B cells and cells with phenotypic characteristics of regulatory B cells at 6 months, as well as a long-term dominance in naïve B cells was found in alemtuzumab treated kidney transplant recipients (Figure 1), which was not influenced by conversion from tacrolimus to sirolimus at 6 months. Memory B cells remained virtually absent up to 12 months after transplantation, even though T cells were partially repopulated.[Figure 1]: Figure 1. Repopulating B cells after alemtuzumab induction therapy retain a naïve phenotype long term. (A) Percentage of naïve B cells (IgD+CD27−) within CD19 gate and (B) percentage of memory B cells (both IgD−CD27+ and IgD+CD27+) within CD19 gate (n=7).At all time-points after treatment, B cells showed unaltered proliferative and IgM-producing capacity as compared to pre-transplant samples, whereas the ability to produce IgG was inhibited long-term. In conclusion, induction therapy with alemtuzumab in kidney transplant recipients results in a long-term shift towards naïve B cells with altered phenotypic and functional characteristics. The B cell compartment after alemtuzumab induction therapy resembles that of operationally tolerant kidney transplant recipients, suggesting that lymphocyte depletion with alemtuzumab may, at least partially, create an environment in which tolerance may be achieved.
Children born small for gestational age or with very low birth weight: clinical similarities and potential benefits of growth hormone therapy. (2009)

The dynamics of early postnatal 'extrauterine' growth in very low birth weight (VLBW) premature infants suggest a switch from mechanisms supporting normal growth during pregnancy to mechanisms promoting postnatal growth. This may permanently affect endocrinological and metabolic homeostasis and development in some children. Altered neurological development and regulation of glucose metabolism in some children born with VLBW appears similar to children born small for gestational age (SGA). In addition, when present, postnatal growth failure has many similarities in both VLBW infants and infants born SGA after intrauterine growth retardation. At 2 years of age, it is very difficult to distinguish between these groups. Increased awareness, with ongoing assessment, of these children is required. In particular, two research areas need special focus in short VLBW children: the effects of growth hormone treatment (which shows dose-dependent efficacy on postnatal growth in short SGA children), and insulin sensitivity (which seems altered, as in short SGA children).
New insights on RF CMOS stability related to bias, scaling, and temperature (2002)

The stability issues of CMOS devices for RF applications were studied. The stability factor of MOS devices based on the small-signal model (SSM) parameters was derived, for the first time. The results reveal some new insights on the effects of biasing, and scaling parameters on the stability; and were subsequently confirmed by our experimental results. Our results also show that unconditional stability of RF CMOS devices can be obtained with proper biasing and device geometries. Finally, the effects of temperature on stability were also investigated. Our results suggest that careful attention needs to be paid for stable low temperature operation.
Smart Contract-based Computing Resources Trading in Edge Computing (2020)

In recent years, there is an emerging trend that some computing services are moving from cloud to the edge of the networks. Compared to cloud computing, edge computing can provide services with faster response, lower expense, and more security. The massive idle computing resources closing to the edge also enhance the deployment of edge services. Instead of using cloud services from some primary providers, edge computing provides people a great chance to join the market of computing resources actively. However, edge computing also has some critical impediments that we have to overcome.In this paper, we design an edge computing service platform that can receive and distribute the computing resources from the end-users in a decentralized way. Without the centralized trade control, we propose a novel Blockchain-enabled decentralized technique to establish the trade trust among users and implement it with using embedded immutable intermediary smart contract. Our system also considers and resolves a variety of security and privacy challenges when utilizing the Blockchain technique. We implement our system and conduct extensive experiments to show the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed system.
3D-printed breast phantom for multi-purpose and multi-modality imaging (2019)

We developed a multi-purpose breast phantom using a 3D printing technique and determined its value for multi-modal breast imaging studies.
Detecting Open-Switch Faults: Using Asymmetric Zero-Voltage Switching States (2016)

This article presents a detection method for an open-switch fault in cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverters (CHMIs). Recently, CHMIs were widely used in high-power systems. Therefore, the reliability of this topology has become an important factor. To improve the reliability, methods for detecting openswitch faults are required. The proposed method is based on the current path analysis according to zero-voltage switching states. The location of both faulty cells and switches can be detected from the current waveform and zero-voltage switching states. This method is applicable when using the level-shifted pulsewidth modulation (LSPWM), which is commonly used for a modulation method in CHMIs. The performance of the proposed detection method is verified by simulation and experimental results.
A new compact tunable bandpass filter using defected ground structure with active devices (2008)

A new tunable bandpass filter using Hairpin-DGS and varactor as active device has been presented. Both, the simulated and the measured results have demonstrate that the proposed passive one pole DGS BPF may be easily transformed to a tunable BPF by adding a simple variable capacitor on the DGS-element. The measured results have shown a good one pole bandpass response with a high quality factor and with a good sharpness in transition range. Additional the proposed BPF is very compact in comparison with the conventional tunable filters. The introduced BPF has been designed to meet the requirements of modern wireless communication systems.
A phosphopeptide mimetic prodrug targeting the SH2 domain of Stat3 inhibits tumor growth and angiogenesis. (2012)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is constitutively activated in a number of human cancers and cancer cell lines. Via its Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, Stat3 is recruited to phosphotyrosine residues on intracellular domains of cytokine and growth factor receptors, whereupon it is phosphorylated on Tyr705, dimerizes, translocates to the nucleus and is reported to participate in the expression of genes related to angiogenesis, metastasis, growth and survival. To block this process, we are developing cell-permeable, phosphatase-stable phosphopeptide mimics, targeted to the SH2 domain of Stat3, that inhibit the phosphorylation of Tyr705 of Stat3 in cultured tumor cells (Mandal et al., J. Med. Chem. 54, 3549-5463, 2011). At concentrations that inhibit tyrosine phosphorylation, these materials were not cytotoxic, similar to recent reports on JAK inhibitors. At higher concentrations, cytotoxicity was accompanied by off-target effects. We report that treatment of MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer xenografts in mice with peptidomimetic PM-73G significantly inhibited tumor growth, which was accompanied by reduction in VEGF production and microvessel density. No evidence of apoptosis or changes in the expression of the canonical genes cyclin D1 or survivin were observed. Thus selective inhibition of Stat3 Tyr705 phosphorylation may be a novel anti-angiogenesis strategy for the treatment of cancer.
Integrated circuit identification and true random numbers using 1.5-transistor flash memory (2017)

Flash memory bits, like other integrated circuit (IC) devices, are prone to random variability in their actual vs. nominal characteristics. We present the use of 1.5-T flash memory cells in physically unclonable functions (PUFs) leveraging their erase speed variability. This type of memory is interesting for the internet of things (IOT) due to its wide availability as IP at foundries. Using experimentally measured results, we show simple methods that provide high reliability with no or limited need for helper data and error correction. High quality fingerprints for IC identification are demonstrated. Moreover, techniques to remove systematic variations from the array response are shown, allowing the resulting binary strings to pass all National Institute of Standards and Technology tests for randomness. Consequently, with low complexity helper functions, true random numbers can be readily produced.
Linear and nonlinear terrain deformation maps from a reduced set of interferometric sar images (2003)

In this paper, an advanced technique for the generation of deformation maps using synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is presented. The algorithm estimates the linear and nonlinear components of the displacement, the error of the digital elevation model (DEM) used to cancel the topographic terms, and the atmospheric artifacts from a reduced set of low spatial resolution interferograms. The pixel candidates are selected from those presenting a good coherence level in the whole set of interferograms and the resulting nonuniform mesh tessellated with the Delauney triangulation to establish connections among them. The linear component of movement and DEM error are estimated adjusting a linear model to the data only on the connections. Later on, this information, once unwrapped to retrieve the absolute values, is used to calculate the nonlinear component of movement and atmospheric artifacts with alternate filtering techniques in both the temporal and spatial domains. The method presents high flexibility with respect to the required number of images and the baselines length. However, better results are obtained with large datasets of short baseline interferograms. The technique has been tested with European Remote Sensing SAR data from an area of Catalonia (Spain) and validated with on-field precise leveling measurements.
Mash-IF: Practical information-flow control within client-side mashups (2010)

Mashup is a representative of Web 2.0 technology that needs both convenience of cross-domain access and protection against the security risks it brings in. Solutions proposed by prior research focused on mediating access to the data in different domains, but little has been done to control the use of the data after the access. In this paper, we present Mash-IF, a new technique for information-flow control within mashups. Our approach allows cross-domain communications within a browser, but disallows disclosure of sensitive information to remote parties without the user's permission. It mediates the cross-domain channels in existing mashups and works on the client without collaborations from other parties. Also of particular interest is a novel technique that automatically generates declassification rules for a script by statically analyzing its code. Such rules can be efficiently enforced through monitoring the script's call sequences and DOM operations.
Impact of bone marrow hematopoiesis failure on T-cell generation during pathogenic simian immunodeficiency virus infection in macaques (2004)

Experimental infection of macaques with pathogenic strains of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) represents one of the most relevant animal models for studying HIV pathogenesis. In this study, we demonstrated a significant decrease in the generation of CD4+ T cells from bone marrow (BM) CD34+ progenitors in macaques infected with SIVmac251. This decrease appears to result from changes in the clonogenic potential of BM progenitors of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages. We also demonstrated a significant decrease in the numbers of the most immature long-term culture-initiating cells (LTC-ICs). Hematopoietic failure occurred as early as primary infection, in the absence of CD34+ BM cell infection and was not related to plasma viral load. No major change was observed in the phenotype of BM CD34+ cells from infected macaques, including apoptosis markers such as annexin V staining and BcL-2 expression, but a significantly higher that normal proportion of cells were in the G0/G1 phase. This is the first demonstration that failure of BM hematopoiesis results in impaired T-cell production, which may contribute to the disruption of T-lymphocyte homeostasis characteristic of pathogenic lentiviral infections in primates.
Pancreatic epithelial plasticity mediated by acinar cell transdifferentiation and generation of nestin-positive intermediates (2005)

Epithelial metaplasia occurs when one predominant cell type in a tissue is replaced by another, and is frequently associated with an increased risk of subsequent neoplasia. In both mouse and human pancreas, acinar-to-ductal metaplasia has been implicated in the generation of cancer precursors. We show that pancreatic epithelial explants undergo spontaneous acinar-to-ductal metaplasia in response to EGFR signaling, and that this change in epithelial character is associated with the appearance of nestin-positive transitional cells. Lineage tracing involving Cre/lox-mediated genetic cell labeling reveals that acinar-to-ductal metaplasia represents a true transdifferentiation event, mediated by initial dedifferentiation of mature exocrine cells to generate a population of nestin-positive precursors, similar to those observed during early pancreatic development. These results demonstrate that a latent precursor potential resides within mature exocrine cells, and that this potential is regulated by EGF receptor signaling. In addition, these observations provide a novel example of rigorously documented transdifferentiation within mature mammalian epithelium, and suggest that plasticity of mature cell types may play a role in the generation of neoplastic precursors.
Fine-needle and screw-needle samples in CT-assisted biopsies of chest lesions. (1987)

We compared samples obtained using a fine-needle with those made using a screw-needle (Rotex) of equal diameter in 28 patients. The biopsies were performed with the aid of computed tomography. All patients had lesions suggesting primary lung neoplasia or metastatic disease located in the lung parenchyma, pleura and in the ribs (17, 9 and 2 patients, respectively). Diagnostic material was obtained from 25 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the yield of diagnostic material produced by the two procedures. Malignancy was found in 12 patients. Pneumothorax was the most common complication, occurring in 7 patients. CT-guided diagnostic needle biopsies have high diagnostic accuracy and a low complication rate. The diagnostic yield of the fine-needle and the screw-needle is equal.
A pilot plant study of polysilicato-iron coagulant (2002)

A new inorganic polymer coagulant of polysilicato-iron (PSI) was evaluated as an alternative to aluminium coagulant. In this study, long-term performance of PSI on coagulation, sedimentation and filtration for phytoplankton, turbidity and DOC in raw water from a eutrophic reservoir were evaluated by a pilot plant in comparison with PAC. PSI was found to be more effective in the coagulation and removal in comparison with PAC. The flocs formed by PSI could be settled more quickly than those by PAC and, therefore, the size of sedimentation facilities can be reduced by the introduction of PSI. PSI was able to produce filtered water with low turbidity and colour. The number of phytoplankton cells in the filtered water of PSI was smaller than that of PAC. Most of the residual flocs in the settled water were trapped in the coarse layer of anthracite, and this result suggested that a higher rate of filtration can be achieved with PSI by increasing particle size of the filter media.