gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of an "ideal protein" lactation diet on sow and litter performance (1991)

Four hundred lactating sows were used to determine the influence of an ideal protein lactation diet on sow productivity. Sows were fed either a 15.8% crude protein, corn soybean meal, control diet or a 12.6% protein diet supplemented with synthetic amino acids to a 15.8% crude protein equivalent. Lactation diet had no influence on litter weaning wt (114.5 vs 114.7 lb), daily feed intake (12.5 vs 12.7 lb), pig survivability (92.3 vs 93.1 %), or sow backfat loss (.11 vs .12 in). However, sows fed the ideal protein diet lost more weight than sows fed the control diet (18.6 vs 25.1 lb). These results indicate that an ideal protein diet based on synthetic amino acid additions can be effectively used during lactation without depressing sow milk production, as measured by litter weaning wt. However, the ideal protein diet did not improve sow productivity and resulted in increased sow weight loss.; Swine Day, Manhattan, KS, November 21. 1991
<title>X-ray stereoscopy in real time with Reverse Geometry X-ray imaging</title> (1994)

Real-time x-ray stereoscopic imaging is obtained with the Reverse Geometry X-ray<SUP>R</SUP> (RGX<SUP>R</SUP>) system using a large raster scanning x-ray source and two small point detectors. The detectors range in size from 1 inch to 2 millimeters in diameter. The detectors can be mounted on fiber optic cables to increase accessibility. Industrial and medical applications are broad since the small detectors acquire a field of view as large as 10 inches in diameter. Polarized glasses are typically used to separate the fields on a shuttered monitor; the stereoscopic imaging displays can be used as well.
Identification in humans of HPV-16 E6 and E7 protein epitopes recognized by cytolytic T lymphocytes in association with HLA-B18 and determination of the HLA-B18-specific binding motif (2000)

Human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV-16) is the HPV most frequently associated with cervical carcinoma in humans. For the prevention or treatment of cervical carcinoma, the E6 and E7 oncoproteins appear to be good targets for vaccine-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Lipopeptide vaccination is an efficient way of stimulating cellular responses. However, to synthesize effective lipopeptides, it is necessary to define which epitopes are immunogenic. In this study we first determined that peptide 80 - 88 of the E6 protein was recognized by CTL from a healthy donor in association with the HLA-B18 molecule. We then defined the HLA-B18 anchoring peptide motif by testing the binding of various short peptides with the HLA-B18 molecule and showed that it was related to the HLA-A1-specific peptide motif. Furthermore, in analyzing the potential E7 epitopes susceptible to associating with HLA-B18, we demonstrated that peptide E7 44 - 52 gave the strongest binding. It could also be recognized by CTL from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of the same healthy donor. Finally, with PBMC from a patient with a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, we found CTL which recognized the E6 80 - 88 epitope. We have hence identified two peptides encoded by the E6 and E7 proteins which are presented by the HLA-B18 molecule and could be included in a vaccine against HPV-16.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 2,3‐Diamino‐4(3H)‐pyrimidinones. Part 2. (1986)

Abstract Aus den Diamino‐pyrimidinonen (III) erhält man mit zahlreichen Dioxo‐ Verbindungen (II), (IV), (VII), (VIII) oder (X) die entsprechenden Cyclisierungsprodukte (I), (V), (VI), (IX) oder (XI), aus (XIII) und (II) ist analog Verbindung (XII) zugänglich.
A heart and circulation model with emphasis on short-term regulation (1992)

A computer model of human heart and circulation will be presented, which was designed to support the development of rate-adaptive pacemakers. The goal is to describe short-term regulatory processes of the cardiovascular system, especially in the heart itself, under both normal and pathological conditions.
Development of the liposome encapsulated stroma free hemoglobin (SFH) from out dated human red blood cells as the blood substitute. (1995)

We have developed and evaluated the liposome encapsulated high-concentrated (>45%) stroma free hemoglobin (SFH) : Neo Red Cell (NRC). SFH was encapsulated together with inositol-hexaphosphate (as an allosteric effector), coenzyme and substrates for reducing metHb back to oxyHb in liposomes. The NRC was subsequently coated with polyethylene glycol bound phosphatidylethanolamine as surface modifier to prevent aggregation of NRC in plasma. The oxygen affinity and the transport efficiency of NRC could be controlled as equal or more than those of the erythrocyte. The metHb formation was reduced 1%/hr to 0.3%/hr by the addition of metHb reduction system. The blood pressure increased transiently during injection, and then immediately returned to preinjection level. Our observations suggest that the NRC are efficient oxygen carriers without causing serious adverse reactions, with controllable metHb formation in vivo and during storage.
Digital multitoning with overmodulation for smooth texture transition (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Imidazo(2,1‐b)quinazolin‐5(3H)‐ones and Related Tricyclic Systems Using a Novel, Double Displacement Reaction. (1989)

Abstract Double displacement of the fluoromethylthio synthon (I) with dialkylated hydrazines such as (II) yields the title compounds (III).
106-μm all-fiber gyroscope with noise subtraction (1991)

An all-fiber gyroscope that uses a 1.06-microm multicore Nd-doped fiber source pumped by a laser-diode array is demonstrated. Intensity noise subtraction is used to reduce the excess noise that arises from a source bandwidth limitation. The random walk coefficient is improved by a factor of 3, to 2.5 x 10(-4) deg radicalh (1-km fiber, 16-cm radius).
A novel system for commissioning brachytherapy applicators: example of a ring applicator (2017)

A novel system was developed to improve commissioning and quality assurance of brachytherapy applicators used in high dose rate (HDR). It employs an imaging panel to create reference images and to measure dwell times and dwell positions. As an example: two ring applicators of the same model were evaluated. An applicator was placed on the surface of an imaging panel and a HDR <sup>192</sup>Ir source was positioned in an imaging channel above the panel to generate an image of the applicator, using the gamma photons of the brachytherapy source. The applicator projection image was overlaid with the images acquired by capturing the gamma photons emitted by the source dwelling inside the applicator. We verified 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 cm interdwell distances for different offsets, applicator inclinations and transfer tube curvatures. The data analysis was performed using in-house developed software capable of processing the data in real time, defining catheters and creating movies recording the irradiation procedure. One applicator showed up to 0.3 cm difference from the expected position for a specific dwell position. The problem appeared intermittently. The standard deviations of the remaining dwell positions (40 measurements) were less than 0.05 cm. The second ring applicator had a similar reproducibility with absolute coordinate differences from expected values ranging from -0.10 up to 0.18 cm. The curvature of the transfer tube can lead to differences larger than 0.1 cm whilst the inclination of the applicator showed a negligible effect. The proposed method allows the verification of all steps of the irradiation, providing accurate information about dwell positions and dwell times. It allows the verification of small interdwell positions (⩽0.1 cm) and reduces measurement time. In addition, no additional radiation source is necessary since the HDR <sup>192</sup>Ir source is used to generate an image of the applicator.
Characterization of the tumor suppressor gene <i>WWOX</i> in primary human oral squamous cell carcinomas (2005)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity, representing 90% of all oral carcinomas and accounting for 3-5% of all malignancies. The WWOX gene (WW-domain containing oxidoreductase) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene located at 16q23.3-24.1, spanning the second most common fragile site, FRA16D. In this report, the role of the WWOX gene was investigated in 20 tumors and 10 normal oral mucosas, and we demonstrated an altered WWOX gene in 50% (10/20) of OSCCs. Using nested RT-PCR, mRNA transcription was altered in 35% of the tumors, with the complete absence of transcripts in 2 samples as well as absence of exons 6-8 (2 tumors), exon 7 (1 tumor), exon 7 and exon 6-8 (1 tumor) and partial loss of exons 8 and 9 (1 tumor). To determine if the aberrant transcripts were translated, Western blots were performed in all samples; however, only the normal protein was detected. By immunohistochemistry, a reduction in Wwox protein expression was observed, affecting 40% of the tumors when compared with normal mucosa. In addition, a novel somatic mutation (S329F) was found. The presence of alterations in mRNA transcription correlated with the reduced expression of Wwox protein in the tumors. These results show that the WWOX gene is frequently altered in OSCC and may contribute to the carcinogenesis processes in oral cancer.
Endosomal gene expression: a new indicator for prostate cancer patient prognosis? (2015)

Prostate cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality in men, but a method for accurate prognosis in these patients is yet to be developed. The recent discovery of altered endosomal biogenesis in prostate cancer has identified a fundamental change in the cell biology of this cancer, which holds great promise for the identification of novel biomarkers that can predict disease outcomes. Here we have identified significantly altered expression of endosomal genes in prostate cancer compared to non-malignant tissue in mRNA microarrays and confirmed these findings by qRT-PCR on fresh-frozen tissue. Importantly, we identified endosomal gene expression patterns that were predictive of patient outcomes. Two endosomal tri-gene signatures were identified from a previously published microarray cohort and had a significant capacity to stratify patient outcomes. The expression of APPL1, RAB5A, EEA1, PDCD6IP, NOX4 and SORT1 were altered in malignant patient tissue, when compared to indolent and normal prostate tissue. These findings support the initiation of a case-control study using larger cohorts of prostate tissue, with documented patient outcomes, to determine if different combinations of these new biomarkers can accurately predict disease status and clinical progression in prostate cancer patients.
Merge (2008)

In this paper we propose the Merge framework, a general purpose programming model for heterogeneous multi-core systems. The Merge framework replaces current ad hoc approaches to parallel programming on heterogeneous platforms with a rigorous, library-based methodology that can automatically distribute computation across heterogeneous cores to achieve increased energy and performance efficiency. The Merge framework provides (1) a predicate dispatch-based library system for managing and invoking function variants for multiple architectures; (2) a high-level, library-oriented parallel language based on map-reduce; and (3) a compiler and runtime which implement the map-reduce language pattern by dynamically selecting the best available function implementations for a given input and machine configuration. Using a generic sequencer architecture interface for heterogeneous accelerators, the Merge framework can integrate function variants for specialized accelerators, offering the potential for to-the-metal performance for a wide range of heterogeneous architectures, all transparent to the user. The Merge framework has been prototyped on a heterogeneous platform consisting of an Intel Core 2 Duo CPU and an 8-core 32-thread Intel Graphics and Media Accelerator X3000, and a homogeneous 32-way Unisys SMP system with Intel Xeon processors. We implemented a set of benchmarks using the Merge framework and enhanced the library with X3000 specific implementations, achieving speedups of 3.6x -- 8.5x using the X3000 and 5.2x -- 22x using the 32-way system relative to the straight C reference implementation on a single IA32 core.
Microelectromechanically-driven miniature adaptive Alvarez lens (2013)

A miniature solid-state varifocal lens based on Alvarez principle with lens elements having free-form surfaces is reported. The Alvarez lens elements are implemented with diamond-turning and replication molding processes. They are integrated with electrostatically-driven MEMS comb-drive actuators fabricated using SOI micromachining. Dynamic tuning of focal length more than 1.5 times (from 3 mm to 4.65 mm) is experimentally demonstrated with only small MEMS-driven lateral movements of 40 μm. Such varifocal lens may be useful in miniature cameras for autofocus and zooming due to its advantages including ease of packaging and fast tuning speed.
DNA Sequence Sampling of the <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Genome to Identify Novel Targets for Antibiotic Development (1998)

We initiated a survey of the Streptococcus pneumoniae genome by DNA sequence sampling. More than 9,500 random DNA sequences of approximately 500 bases average length were determined. Partial sequences sufficient to identify approximately 95% of the aminoacyl tRNA synthetase genes and ribosomal protein (rps) genes were found by comparing the database of partial sequences to known sequences from other organisms. Many genes involved in DNA replication, repair, and mutagenesis are present in S. pneumoniae. Genes for the major subunits of RNA polymerase are also present, as are genes for two alternative sigma factors, rpoD and rpoN. Many genes necessary for amino acid or cofactor biosynthesis and aerobic energy metabolism in other bacteria appear to be absent from the S. pneumoniae genome. A number of genes involved in cell wall biosynthesis and septation were identified, including six homologs to different penicillin binding proteins. Interestingly, four genes involved in the addition of D-alanine to lipoteicoic acid in other gram positive bacteria were found, even though the lipoteicoic acid in S. pneumoniae has not been shown to contain D-alanine. The S. pneumoniae genome contains a number of chaperonin genes similar to those found in other bacteria, but apparently does not contain genes involved in the type III secretion commonly observed in gram negative pathogens. The G+C content of S. pneumoniae genomic DNA is approximately 43 mole percent and the size of the genome is approximately 2.0 Mb as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Many of the genes identified by sequence sampling have been physically mapped to the 19 different SmaI fragments derived from the S. pneumoniae genome. The database of random genome sequence tags (GSTs) provides the starting material for determining the complete genome sequence, gene disruption analysis, and comparative genomics to identify novel targets for antibiotic development.
Ultrahigh Frequency Nanotube Resonators (2006)

We report carbon-nanotube-based electromechanical resonators with the fundamental mode frequency over 1.3 GHz, operated in air at room temperature. A new combination of drive and detection methods allows for unprecedented measurement of both oscillation amplitude and phase and elucidates the relative mobility of static charges near the nanotube. The resonator serves as an exceptionally sensitive mass detector capable of approximately 10(-18) g resolution.
Automated liver stiffness measurements with magnetic resonance elastography (2012)

The automated algorithm performed reliably, even though MRE acquisitions often have motion artifacts present. The correlation between the automated measurements and those from the trained readers was superior to the correlation between the readers.
Module placement for analog layout using the sequence-pair representation (1999)

This paper addresses the problem of device-level placement for analog layout. Different from most of the existent approaches employing basically simulated annealing optimization algorithms operating on flat Gellat-Jepsen spatial representations [2], we are using a more recent topological representation called sequence-pair
Synthetic Studies of Neoclerodane Diterpenes from <i>Salvia divinorum:</i> Identification of a Potent and Centrally Acting μ Opioid Analgesic with Reduced Abuse Liability (2016)

Opioids are widely used to treat millions suffering from pain, but their analgesic utility is limited due to associated side effects. Herein we report the development and evaluation of a chemical probe exhibiting analgesia and reduced opioid-induced side effects. This compound, kurkinorin (5), is a potent and selective μ-opioid receptor (MOR) agonist (EC<sub>50</sub> = 1.2 nM, >8000 μ/κ selectivity). 5 is a biased activator of MOR-induced G-protein signaling over β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Metadynamics simulations of 5's binding to a MOR crystal structure suggest energetically preferred binding modes that differ from crystallographic ligands. In vivo studies with 5 demonstrate centrally mediated antinociception, significantly reduced rewarding effects, tolerance, and sedation. We propose that this novel MOR agonist may represent a valuable tool in distinguishing the pathways involved in MOR-induced analgesia from its side effects.
Micro pulse lidar (1993)

An eye safe, compact, solid-state lidar for profiling atmospheric cloud and aerosol scattering is described. The transmitter of the micro pulse lidar is a diode pumped microjoule pulse energy, high-repetition-rate Nd:YLF laser. Eye safety is obtained through beam expansion. The receiver uses a photon counting solid-state Geiger mode avalanche photodiode detector. Data acquisition is by a single card multichannel scaler. Daytime background induced quantum noise is controlled by a narrow receiver field-of-view (FOV) and a narrow bandwidth temperature controlled interference filter. Dynamic range of the signal is limited by optical geometric signal compression. Signal simulations and initial atmospheric measurements indicate that systems built on the micro pulse lidar concept are capable of detecting and profiling all significant cloud and aerosol scattering through the troposphere and into the stratosphere. The intended applications are scientific studies and environmental monitoring. which require full-time unattended measurements of the cloud and aerosol height structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Second trimester screening for Down's syndrome using maternal serum dimeric inhibin A (1996)

Dimeric inhibin A appears to be a promising new marker for the prenatal detection of Down's syndrome. Further prospective evaluation and assessment with other established markers would now be merited.
Design and development of carbon nanotube and graphene based microbolometer for IR imaging applications (2012)

IR Sensors and imagers using nanostructure based materials are being developed for a variety of Defense and Commercial Applications. In this paper, we will discuss recent modeling effort and the experimental work under way for development of next generation CNT and Graphene based bolometer for these applications. We will discuss detector concepts that will provide next generation high performance, high frame rate, and uncooled nano-bolometer for MWIR and LWIR bands. We will discuss the path forward to demonstrate enhanced IR sensitivity for bolometer arrays.
Investigation of the infrared properties of ZnS:diamond composites (1989)

A tough, IR, transparent dielectric has been fabricated from a sintered ZnS:diamond composite. Far-IR reflectivity measurements of the reststrahlen band with volume fill fractions as large as 33% diamond give results consistent with the predictions of the effective medium approximation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of 3,6‐Di‐O‐methyl‐D‐glucose. (1987)

Abstract The lactone (Ia) is converted into the protected derivatives (Ib) and (Ic).
An Approach to Mine Business Rule Intents from Domain-specific Documents (2017)

An enterprise system enables business by providing various services that are guided by set of well-defined processes, and adhere to certain business rules and constraints. The business rules are usually written using English in operating procedures, terms and conditions, and various other supporting documents. For implementing the business rules in a software system, or expressing them as UML use-case specifications, analysts manually interpret the documents, leading to potential discrepancies, ambiguities, and quality issues in the software system that can be resolved only after testing.
Continuous Liquid–Liquid Extraction and in-Situ Membrane Separation of Miscible Liquid Mixtures (2021)

Separation operations are critical across a wide variety of manufacturing industries and account for about one-quarter of all in-plant energy consumption in the United States. Conventional liquid-liquid separation operations require either thermal or chemical treatment, both of which have a large environmental impact and carbon footprint. Consequently, there is a great need to develop sustainable, clean methodologies for separation of miscible liquid mixtures. The greatest opportunities to achieve this lie in replacing high-energy separation operations (e.g., distillation) with low-energy alternatives such as liquid-liquid extraction. One of the primary design challenges in liquid-liquid extraction is to maximize the interfacial area between two immiscible (e.g., polar and nonpolar) liquids for efficient mass transfer. However, this often involves energy-intensive methods including ultrasonication, pumping the feed and the extractant through packed columns with high tortuosity, or using a supercritical fluid as an extractant. Emulsifying the feed and the extractant, especially with a surfactant, offers a large interfacial area, but subsequent separation of emulsions can be energy-intensive and expensive. Thus, emulsions are typically avoided in conventional extraction operations. Herein, we discuss a novel, easily scalable, platform separation methodology termed CLEANS (continuous liquid-liquid extraction and in-situ membrane separation). CLEANS integrates emulsion-enhanced extraction with continuous, gravity-driven, membrane-based separation of emulsions into a single unit operation. Our results demonstrate that the addition of a surfactant and emulsification significantly enhance extraction (by >250% in certain cases), even for systems where the best extractants for miscible liquid mixtures are known. Utilizing the CLEANS methodology, we demonstrate continuous separation of a wide range of miscible liquid mixtures, including soluble organic molecules from oils, alcohols from esters, and even azeotropes.