gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical protocols for terabit networks (1991)

This paper describes a new fiber-optic local area network technology providing 100X improvement over current technology, has full crossbar funtionality, and inherent data security. Based on optical code-division multiple access (CDMA), using spectral phase encoding/decoding of optical pulses, networking protocols are implemented entirely in the optical domain and thus conventional networking bottlenecks are avoided. Component and system issues for a proof-of-concept demonstration are discussed, as well as issues for a more practical and commercially exploitable system. Possible terrestrial and aerospace applications of this technology, and its impact on other technologies are explored. Some initial results toward realization of this concept are also included.
Ranging in multi-band communication systems (2005)

We present a new scheme to refine the range and time resolution of multi-band communication systems. The resolution of range or delay estimation in any communication system is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. In a multi-band system where only a portion of the total bandwidth is available to any transmission, the resolution appears to be proportional to the inverse of the bandwidth of a sub-band. In this paper we describe a scheme that coherently processes received signals from different sub-bands to achieve a resolution proportional to the inverse of the total system bandwidth. We show that in the high signal to noise ratio regime this scheme outperforms conventional schemes, such as averaging the estimates from different sub-bands to reduce the effect of noise. In particular, we show that the resolution we achieve is inversely proportional to the number of sub-bands while that of traditional schemes is inversely proportional to the square root of the number of sub-bands. We provide simulation results to show the performance of the scheme in additive white Gaussian noise. We also study the effect of oscillator phase mismatches that occur when switching from one sub-band to another.
Integrated Access and Backhaul in Fixed Wireless Access Systems (2017)

In this work we evaluate the potential of using access-integrated backhaul in a fixed wireless access (FWA) use case. FWA is considered as a potential use case for early 5G deployment. The system is deployed in the 28 GHz band to provide FWA to residential houses in a suburban scenario where the access points (APs) are deployed on utility poles. It is assumed that only a small fraction of the APs has dedicated backhaul transport (e.g. fiber) and the remainder of the APs are instead backhauled wirelessly by using access-integrated backhaul. The access-integrated backhaul shares the radio resources with the FWA and consumes a substantial part of the available resources especially when multi-hop backhaul is considered. The backhaul aggregation points quickly become the bottle necks since they consume a majority of the radio resources. However, when considering the amount of spectrum that is available at 28 GHz then serving at least 25 Mbps in aggregated constant DL/UL traffic to houses seems feasible. This is accomplished by having less than 20% of the APs connected with dedicated backhaul while the rest of the APs are using access-integrated backhaul.
Single-step endocervical and ectocervical balloon collector (2001)

Background and Objectives: Despite recent advances, results of Pap tests remain relatively inaccurate, in part because of inadequate sampling. At present, optimal performance requires use of two devices in combination, spatula and brush, and the presence of endocervical and metaplastic cells within the collected specimen. To improve collection, we designed a novel type of cervical cell collector. Design and preliminary results: The InPath e2 Collector consists of a balloon that can be inflated against the ecto- and endocervical surfaces of the cervix. It is designed to capture in a single application cells from the entire surface of the cervix. Cells adhere to the balloon’s surface and can be released into conventional liquid-based preservative and analyzed by standard methods. In preliminary studies, the InPath e2 Collector was evaluated against the standard spatula/brush, in conjunction with ThinPrep preservative. The InPath e2 Collector was shown to be effective in obtaining representative samples of cervical cells, including endocervical and metaplastic cells. Conclusion: The InPath e2 Collector provides a novel single-step method for collection of exfoliated cervical cells; it has the potential for improved sampling of cervical cells and, therefore, for enhancing the accuracy of Pap testing in women.
Femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering measurement of gas temperatures from frequency-spread dephasing of the Raman coherence (2006)

Gas-phase temperatures and concentrations are measured from the magnitude and decay of the initial Raman coherence in femtosecond coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS). A time-delayed probe beam is scattered from the Raman polarization induced by pump and Stokes beams to generate CARS signal; the dephasing rate of this initial coherence is determined by the temperature-sensitive frequency spread of the Raman transitions. Temperature is measured from the CARS signal decrease with increasing probe delay. Concentration is found from the ratio of the CARS and nonresonant background signals. Collision rates do not affect the determination of these quantities.
Total implants for hyperthermia application and thermometry (1988)

Tests have been performed in saline phantoms on a 6.78 MHz hyperthermia applicator designed for complete implantation; no conductors would penetrate the skin following the implant procedure. Energy is coupled across the skin from an external to an internal loop antenna: the latter is connected by transmission line to conventional r.f. tissue electrodes which are typically either parallel plates or arrays of cylindrical pins. In phantoms the technique produces deep, localized heating at a selected site without significant hearing at the 'subdermal' receiving antenna near the surface. In addition, the hyperthermia applicator may have potential as an indicator of temperature for the tissue volume at the deep site, since complex impedance at the external antenna is a function of tissue resistivity/temperature at the electrodes. Specifically, temperature at the deep site can be controlled effectively by regulation of the phase angle between voltage and current at the external antenna. A separate passive implantable electromagnetic-reflectance thermometer, energized by external electromagnetic fields, has been designed. This device, also tested in gel and water phantoms, is energized and interrogated by external r.f. fields and tracks a thermocouple to within +/- 0.1 degree C over the range of interest in clinical hyperthermia. The intended application for these devices is repeated, long-term hyperthermic treatment and thermometry of deep-seated malignant tumours following a single invasive procedure.
Processes for Reducing the Mutagenicity of Refinery Streams and Coal Tars via °C3-Alkylation (1999)

Abstract Processes for reducing the mutagenicity of refinery streams and coal tars containing polynuclear aromatic compounds (PAC) are described. The investigation was based on the supposition that the reduced mutagenic activity of some refinery streams (relative to cracked stocks and coal tars) was related to the degree of alkylation of the PAC stream components. Much of the development work was carried out using benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) as a model surrogate for the PAC responsible for the mutagenic potency of refinery streams and coal tars. Using Friedel-Crafts procedures, the mutagenic activity of a number of refinery streams and coal tar products was significantly reduced or completely eliminated when reacted with a C3-, C4-, or C5-alkylating agent. Recent work has turned toward adapting the laboratory-based chemistry to refinery-based chemistry using heterogeneous catalysis (acid clay/pillared catalysts/zeolites).
Nucleoside Transport Inhibitors: Structure-Activity Relationships and Potential Therapeutic Applications (1997)

A survey of structure-activity relationships and potential therapeutic applications of nucleoside transport inhibitors is presented. Among the two equilibrative (facilitated diffusion), and five concentrative (sodium-dependent) nucleoside transporters identified in mammalian cells, only the equilibrative transporters (es and e1) and one concentrative transporter (cs) can be effectively blocked by one or more of the nucleoside transport inhibitors discovered to date. A structurally diverse array of compounds have been shown to exert nucleoside transport inhibitory activity to varying degrees. The most important of these are i) nucleoside analogs of which s6-(4-nitrobenzyl)mercaptopurine riboside (NBMPR, nitrobenzylthioinosine) is the prototype, ii) pyrimidopyrimidine and pteridine derivatives of which dipyridamole (Persantine) is the prototype, and iii) alkyl- and cycloalkyldiamine and piperazine calcium channel antagonists of which dilazep and lidoflazine are the representatives, respectively. All of these are effective inhibitors of the es transporter, but dipyridamole is also a potent inhibitor of the ei transporter with variable activity depending on the cell type. Surprisingly, NBMPR and dipyridamole are also potent inhibitors of the newly identified cs concentrative transporter in fresh leukemia cells from patients. Not only does the es inhibitory potency of these compounds depend on tissue type, but it also varies widely among different mammalian species. <p> Nucleoside transport inhibitors have potential for therapeutic uses in 1) adenosine potentiation in cardioprotection and cerebroprotection in ischemic heart disease and stroke, respectively, 2) the modulation of the effects of antimetabolite anticancer and antiviral agents, and 3) host tissue protection in chemotherapy with cytotoxic nucleosides. Additional areas of potential therapeutic application of NT inhibitors include kidney transplantation, analgesia and hypertension. Most of the compounds in the present repertoire of potent NT inhibitors do not meet the requisite pharmacological profiles for successful clinical application, which calls for the discovery of better inhibitors. Advances are being made in the molecular cloning and functional expression of nucleoside transporters that augur well for future drug design efforts. </p>
Composition of mappings given by embedded dependencies (2007)

Composition of mappings between schemas is essential to support schema evolution, data exchange, data integration, and other data management tasks. In many applications, mappings are given by embedded dependencies. In this article, we study the issues involved in composing such mappings. Our algorithms and results extend those of Fagin et al. [2004], who studied the composition of mappings given by several kinds of constraints. In particular, they proved that full source-to-target tuple-generating dependencies (tgds) are closed under composition, but embedded source-to-target tgds are not. They introduced a class of second-order constraints, SO tgds , that is closed under composition and has desirable properties for data exchange. We study constraints that need not be source-to-target and we concentrate on obtaining (first-order) embedded dependencies. As part of this study, we also consider full dependencies and second-order constraints that arise from Skolemizing embedded dependencies. For each of the three classes of mappings that we study, we provide: (a) an algorithm that attempts to compute the composition; and (b) sufficient conditions on the input mappings which guarantee that the algorithm will succeed. In addition, we give several negative results. In particular, we show that full and second-order dependencies that are not limited to be source-to-target are not closed under composition (for the latter, under the additional restriction that no new function symbols are introduced). Furthermore, we show that determining whether the composition can be given by these kinds of dependencies is undecidable.
Other Adaptive Liquid Lenses (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Mechanical-Wetting Lens Ferrofluidic Transducer Lens Electromagnetic Actuator Lens Stimuli Response Hydrogel Lens Acoustic Liquid Lens Electrochemical Actuation Lens Electrostatic Force Actuation Summary Homework Problems References
P3‐423: Neurogenic and neuroprotective effects of BDNF peptides in mouse hippocampal primary neuronal cell cultures (2011)

Disruption of growth factor signaling is a characteristic of many neurodegenerative disorders. The use of neurotrophic factors to modulate neuronal survival and synaptic connectivity is a promising therapeutic approach. BDNF, a member of the neurotrophin family, is of particular interest, since the signaling pathway of its receptors trkB and p75NTR are known to promote survival, differentiation and synaptic function. In Alzheimer's Disease (AD) the expression levels of BDNF are reduced. Since BDNF has short plasma half-life, and a poor BBB penetration, small molecules that could mimic the functions of BDNF, might be an alternative approach. The aim of this study is the evaluation of the potential neurogenic/neurotrophic role of BDNF peptides in primary neuronal cell cultures. Via epitope mapping of neutralizing antibodies of the active region of BDNF we identified five tetrameric peptides. To screen them we used primary neuronal cell cultures from E18 C57BL/6 mouse hippocampus. After 5 days of treatment with the peptides or BDNF cells were fixed for immunohistochemistry, or protein were extracted for western blot. Antibodies for neuronal markers: TUJ1, NF-M, MAP-2, Synapsin I and NeuN, and for glial markers: GFAP. Viability was assayed with AlamarBlue. To analyze the activation of the TrkB, we used NIH 3T3 cells, stably transfected with the trkB receptor. We found no toxic effect of the peptides B-1 to B-5 in primary neuronal cells. Peptides B-3> B-4> B-5 induced the neuronal marker neurofilament M and the synaptic marker synapsin I. Peptide B-3 had neuroprotective tendency against H2O2-induced toxicity. The activation of TrkB receptor by these peptides was analyzed in the fibroblast expressing TrkB. We found that peptides B-5 and B-3 induced the expression of TrkB. The activation of the TrkB by the peptides B-5 and B-3 was low as compared to the activation with BDNF. The present study demonstrates that peptides B-5, B-4 and B-3, corresponding to an active region of BDNF are able to induce the expression of neuronal markers and might be neuroprotective against H2O2-toxicity. These findings suggest the potential therapeutic use of these peptides in neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and other cognitive disorders.
Identification and application of keto acids transporters in Yarrowia lipolytica (2015)

Production of organic acids by microorganisms is of great importance for obtaining building-block chemicals from sustainable biomass. Extracellular accumulation of organic acids involved a series of transporters, which play important roles in the accumulation of specific organic acid while lack of systematic demonstration in eukaryotic microorganisms. To circumvent accumulation of by-product, efforts have being orchestrated to carboxylate transport mechanism for potential clue in Yarrowia lipolytica WSH-Z06. Six endogenous putative transporter genes, YALI0B19470g, YALI0C15488g, YALI0C21406g, YALI0D24607g, YALI0D20108g and YALI0E32901g, were identified. Transport characteristics and substrate specificities were further investigated using a carboxylate-transport-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain. These transporters were expressed in Y. lipolytica WSH-Z06 to assess their roles in regulating extracellular keto acids accumulation. In a Y. lipolytica T1 line over expressing YALI0B19470g, α-ketoglutarate accumulated to 46.7 g·L(-1), whereas the concentration of pyruvate decreased to 12.3 g·L(-1). Systematic identification of these keto acids transporters would provide clues to further improve the accumulation of specific organic acids with higher efficiency in eukaryotic microorganisms.
Suppressed photocurrent multiple-quantum-well optical modulators by proton implantation (1992)

We investigate the reduction of power dissipation in absorptive semiconductor optical modulators via reduction in photocurrent. We present experimental results for proton implantation of p-i-n-multiple-quantum-well modulators to levels of 1×1012, 1×1013, and 1×1014 cm−2. We find that photocurrent can be significantly reduced with moderate reduction in modulation performance relative to the unimplanted device. Application to asymmetric self-electro-optic devices is demonstrated.
The efficacy of pentosan polysulfate monotherapy for preventing recurrent urinary tract infections in women: A multicenter open-label randomized controlled trial (2019)

Among women with recurrent UTI, 16-week PPS monotherapy significantly reduced UTI recurrence when compared with the control group.
“Can a physically secure RFID be produced?”: A review of RFDNA (2010)

A certificate of authenticity (COA) is an inexpensive physical object that has a random unique structure with high cost of near-exact reproduction. An additional requirement is that the uniqueness of COA's random structure can be verified using an inexpensive device. A COA design for objects that behave as COAs in the electromagnetic field is proposed. The objective is to complement RFIDs so that they are physically, not only digitally, unique and hard to replicate. By enabling this feature, it is desired to create a super-tag whose information about the product can be read within a relative far-field, and also whose authenticity can be verified within its near-field with low probability of a false alarm. This can ultimately lead to a physically-secure RFID.
A Novel and Stable Mouse Artificial Chromosome Vector (2012)

Human chromosome fragments (hCFs) and human artificial chromosomes (HACs) can be transferred into mouse ES cells to produce trans-chromosomic (Tc) mice. Although hCFs and HACs containing large genomic DNAs can be autonomously maintained in Tc mice, their retention rate is variable in mouse ES cell lines and Tc mouse tissues, possibly because of centromere differences between the species. To improve the retention rate of artificial chromosomes in mouse cells, we constructed novel mouse artificial chromosome (MAC) vectors by truncating a natural mouse chromosome at a site adjacent to the centromeric region. We obtained cell clones containing the MAC vectors that were stably maintained in mouse ES cells and various tissues in Tc mice. The MACs possess acceptor sites into which a desired gene or genes can be inserted. Thus, Tc mice harboring the MAC vectors may be valuable tools for functional analyses of desired genes, producing humanized model mice, and synthetic biology.
Preparation of radiopharmaceutical formulations; Fremstilling av radioaktive farmasoeytiske blandinger (1998)

Radiopharmaceutical formulations for complexes comprising at least one radionuclide complexed with a ligand, or its physiologically-acceptable salts thereof, especially {sup 153}samarium-ethylenediaminetetramethylenephosphonic acid, which optionally contains a divalent metal ion, e.g. calcium, and is frozen, thawed, and then administered by injection. Alternatively, the radiopharmaceutical formulations must contain the divalent metal and are frozen only if the time before administration is sufficiently long to cause concern for radiolysis of the ligand. 2 figs., 9 tabs.
Modeling and Mining of Users' Capture Intention for Home Videos (2006)

With the rapid adoption of consumer digital video recorders and an increase of home video data, content analysis has become an interesting and key research issue to provide personalized experiences and services for both camcorder users and viewers. In this paper, we present a novel view to tackle this issue, which aims at modeling and mining of the capture intention of camcorder users. Based on the study of intention mechanism in psychology, a set of domain-specific capture intention concepts is defined. A comprehensive and extensible scheme consisting of video structure decomposition, intention-oriented feature analysis, as well as singular-value-decomposition-based intention segmentation and learning-based intention classification is proposed to mine the users' capture intention. Experiments were carried on home video sequences of 90 h in total, taken by 16 persons over the past 20 years. Both the user study and objective evaluations indicate that our proposed intention-based approach is an effective complement to existing home video content analysis schemes
All-Optical Balanced Detection System with sub-ps Resolution (2009)

We demonstrate a dual-channel all-optical sampling system that simultaneously samples the two output ports from a DPSK demodulator. The two channels are combined to perform balanced detection with sub-ps resolution.
Dually reactive multilayer coatings enable orthogonal manipulation of underwater superoleophobicity and oil adhesion <i>via</i> post-functionalization (2021)

Fish scale-inspired underwater superoleophobic coatings with low oil adhesion can be achieved through the creation of hierarchical surface topography on water-compatible materials (including polymeric hydrogels, metal oxides, and electrostatic multilayers). While promising, these method do not allow for the underwater superoleophobicity and oil adhesion to be independently tuned, limiting their potential applications. Here we report the design of a conceptually novel class of coatings, dually reactive multilayer coatings, whose underwater superoleophobicity and oil adhesion can be independently tuned through the orthogonal functionalization of two types of reactive moieties at ambient conditions. Moreover, the cooperative assembly of amphiphiles on the modified underwater superoleophobic coating gives rise to a switchable oil adhesion while retaining the extreme oil-repellency (advancing oil contact angle >165°). Interestingly, the reversible change in the oil adhesion of the underwater superoleophobic coatings depends on the interplay between the molecular structure and concentration of the amphiphiles and the pH of the aqueous solution. Building on these findings, we developed superoleophobic sensors that enable the real-time and naked eye identification of (1) the charge of synthetic ionic surfactants and (2) the concentration of bile acids. Overall, the results reported in this work provide design principles by which molecular self-assembly and oil adhesion can be coupled at underwater superoleophobic surfaces, and hint at principles by which physiologically important amphiphiles and metabolites can be rapidly sensed with the naked eye using our novel class of superoleophobic surfaces.
Translation in Mammalian Cells of a Gene Linked to the Poliovirus 5′ Noncoding Region (1988)

The central portion (region P) of the 742-nucleotide noncoding 5' end of poliovirus allows the RNA to initiate protein synthesis in the absence of the usual 5' 7-methylguanosine capping group. Poliovirus 5' noncoding region was fused to a reporter gene and transfected into cells. There was extensive augmentation of the expression of this gene by poliovirus-mediated inhibition of cap-dependent protein synthesis. That the construct initiated in a cap-independent manner was verified through in vitro experiments. Small lesions throughout region P blocked its initiation function, implying that a coherent functional unit, hundreds of nucleotides long, is responsible for cap-independent initiation by poliovirus RNA.