gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New 1α,25-Dihydroxy-19-norvitamin D<sub>3</sub> Compounds of High Biological Activity:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxymethyl, 2-Methyl, and 2-Methylene Analogues (1998)

New highly active isomers of the natural hormone 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 possessing an exomethylene group at the 2-position were prepared in a convergent manner, starting with (-)-quinic acid and the corresponding (20R)- and (20S)-25-hydroxy Grundmann ketones. These 2-methylene-19-norvitamins were efficiently converted to the 2-methyl and 2-hydroxymethyl derivatives, some of which exhibited pronounced in vivo biological activity. Configurations of the A-ring substituents were determined by 1H NOE difference spectroscopy as well as by spin decoupling experiments. It was established that the bulky methyl and hydroxymethyl substituents at C-2, due to their large conformational free energies, occupy mainly equatorial positions. Additionally, hydroxylation of the C(10)-C(19) double bond in 1alpha,25-(OH)2D3 was performed, resulting in 1alpha,19,25-trihydroxy-10,19-dihydrovitamin D3 derivatives in which the hydroxymethyl substituent at C-10, for steric reasons, is forced to occupy an axial position. In consequence, the vitamin D3 analogues were synthesized in which the 1alpha-hydroxy group, required for biological activity, is almost exclusively axially or equatorially oriented because of stabilization of the single A-ring chair conformations. The relative ability of the synthesized analogues to bind the porcine intestinal vitamin D receptor was assessed and compared with that of the natural hormone. It was established that vitamins possessing the axial orientation of the 1alpha-hydroxy substituent exhibit a significantly increased receptor binding affinity. Compounds with a 2-methylene substituent showed selective calcemic activity profiles, being extremely effective on bone calcium mobilization. 2alpha-Methyl-substituted vitamins proved to be much more active in vivo than the corresponding epimers with 2beta-configuration. All of the 2-substituted vitamins exhibited pronounced HL-60 differentiating activity, those 2alpha-substituted in the 20S-series being especially potent. The present studies imply that the axial orientation of the 1alpha-hydroxy group is necessary for biological activity of vitamin D compounds.
Observation of Enhanced Energy Transfer in Individual Quantum Dot−Oligophenylene Vinylene Nanostructures (2006)

The temporal and spectral properties of luminescence from individual CdSe quantum dot-oligophenylene vinylene nanostructures (single quantum dots with conjugated organic ligands coordinated to the surface) are profoundly modified relative to blended films of the same components. These kinds of composite quantum dot-conjugated organic systems have attracted significant interest as a way to improve efficiency in photovoltaic device applications. By direct functionalization of the dot surface with the conjugated organic ligands, we realize a significant enhancement in energy transfer and luminescence stability.
All Transition Metal Selenide Composed High‐Energy Solid‐State Hybrid Supercapacitor (2022)

Transition metal selenides (TMSs) have enthused snowballing research and industrial attention due to their exclusive conductivity and redox activity features, holding them as great candidates for emerging electrochemical devices. However, the real-life utility of TMSs remains challenging owing to their convoluted synthesis process. Herein, a versatile in situ approach to design nanostructured TMSs for high-energy solid-state hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) is demonstrated. Initially, the rose-nanopetal-like NiSe@Cu<sub>2</sub> Se (NiCuSe) positive electrode and FeSe nanoparticles negative electrode are directly anchored on Cu foam via in situ conversion reactions. The complementary potential windows of NiCuSe and FeSe electrodes in aqueous electrolytes associated with the excellent electrical conductivity results in superior electrochemical features. The solid-state HSCs cell manages to work in a high voltage range of 0-1.6 V, delivers a high specific energy density of 87.6 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup> at a specific power density of 914.3 W kg<sup>-1</sup> and excellent cycle lifetime (91.3% over 10 000 cycles). The innovative insights and electrode design for high conductivity holds great pledge in inspiring material synthesis strategies. This work offers a feasible route to develop high-energy battery-type electrodes for next-generation hybrid energy storage systems.
9. The Use and Implementation of Interval Data Types (2005)

9.1 Introduction
Time domain analysis of R-wave attenuation envelope for sleep apnea detection (2005)

Time domain analysis was carried out on the R-wave attenuation (RWA) envelope of the subjects with and without obstructive sleep apnea. The RWA envelope is derived from the morphology of the electrocardiogram (ECG) obtained during polysomnography data collection of the subjects. Nocturnal polysomnography was performed on 16 normal subjects and 14 obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. The ECG from the polysomnography data was divided into fifteen minute epochs for analysis. The QRS detection was carried out by an algorithm using Hilbert transform. Standard deviation of each of the fifteen one minute epochs in fifteen minute epoch of the RWA envelope was calculated. Standard deviation of these fifteen parameters was observed to have considerably good sensitivity and specificity to sleep apnea. For the clips selected from normal subjects, the parameter produced a sensitivity of 78.57% and specificity of 70.33% for the training set and sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity of 80.95 for the testing set. For the clips selected from OSA subjects, the parameter produced a sensitivity of 72.46% and specificity of 73.53% for the training set and sensitivity of 82.86% and specificity of 66.67% for the testing set.
Synthetic Nano-Low Density Lipoprotein as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicle for Glioblastoma \nMultiforme (2006)

This paper discribes a synthetic low density lipoprotein (LDL) made by complexing a 29 amino acid that consists of a lipid binding domain and the LDL receptor binding domain with a lipid microemulsion. The nano-LDL particles were intermdiate in size between LDL and HDL and bound to LDL receptors on GBM brain tumor cells. Synthetic nano-LDL uptake by GBM cells was LDL receptor specific and dependent on cell receptor number. It is suggested that these synthetic particles can serve as a delivery vehicle for hydophobic anti-tumor drugs by targeting the LDL receptor.
Spectrally tunable LED light engines and the metamer optimization tool (MOTO) (2019)

In this work, we show a spectrally tunable LED lighting system that uses the SPDs of the different channels of the light engine to optimize for different parameters, i.e. flux, illuminance, efficacy, CRI-Ri, TM30-15-Ri, Damage Potential, melanopic flux, PPF/YPF, CLA/CS, etc. Our results show how this tool and their associated methods can be used to design complex lighting applications in a meaningful and objective manner.
Multi-Colour Nanowire Photonic Crystal Laser Pixels (2013)

Emerging applications such as solid-state lighting and display technologies require micro-scale vertically emitting lasers with controllable distinct lasing wavelengths and broad wavelength tunability arranged in desired geometrical patterns to form "super-pixels". Conventional edge-emitting lasers and current surface-emitting lasers that require abrupt changes in semiconductor bandgaps or cavity length are not a viable solution. Here, we successfully address these challenges by introducing a new paradigm that extends the laser tuning range additively by employing multiple monolithically grown gain sections each with a different emission centre wavelength. We demonstrate this using broad gain-bandwidth III-nitride multiple quantum well (MQW) heterostructures and a novel top-down nanowire photonic crystal nanofabrication. We obtain single-mode lasing in the blue-violet spectral region with a remarkable 60 nm of tuning (or 16% of the nominal centre wavelength) that is determined purely by the photonic crystal geometry. This approach can be extended to cover the entire visible spectrum.
Upconverting phosphor technology-based lateral flow assay for the rapid and sensitive detection of anti-Trichinella spiralis IgG antibodies in pig serum (2021)

The UPT-LF-ES assay is a useful point-of-care test (POCT) with T. spiralis in the detection of pig, which contributes to preventing human trichinellosis.
Recent Technology Developments in Chemical Enhanced Oil Recovery (2013)

Several classes of new surfactants have recently been tested for enhanced oil recovery. These new surfactants were needed for oil field applications under reservoir conditions that made it difficult or impossible to find conventional surfactants with the desired behavior such as ultra-low interfacial tension, aqueous stability, thermal stability at high temperature, low retention, tolerance to high salinity and so forth. We illustrate results for several of these new surfactants and discuss under what conditions they are suitable, how we developed formulations using them and some of the general principles that can be applied to future applications. A common theme of this development is the need for surfactants with large hydrophobes (carbon numbers above 18) even for some light oils. A second common theme is the advantages and flexibility of propylene oxide and ethylene oxide linkages between these large hydrophobes and the sulfate or carboxylate end group. A third common theme is the advantages of highly branched hydrophobes regardless of the other characteristics of the surfactant structure help prevent undesirable viscous phases. Finally, a fourth common theme is the advantages of using surfactant mixtures with diverse structures and sizes. These common elements enable us find surfactant formulations that are highly effective and that can be made from available feedstocks at reasonable cost.
Synergistic Toughening of Epoxy Modified by Graphene and Block Copolymer Micelles (2016)

Binary composites formed by individually mixing exfoliated graphene oxide modified with amine-terminated poly(butadiene–acrylonitrile) (GA) and a spherical micelle forming poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(ethylene-alt-propylene) (OP) diblock copolymer with a thermoset epoxy, and the associated GA/OP/epoxy ternary composites, were prepared and studied as a function of the molecular weight Mc between cross-links. The rigid GA filler dispersed well in the cured epoxies as established by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The toughening efficacy of GA alone was found to depend strongly on the modifier concentration and the matrix cross-link density with an optimal 1.7-fold increase in the critical strain energy release rate (GIc) over the neat epoxy obtained with a 0.04 wt % loading in the most lightly cross-linked (Mc = 6100 g/mol) material. Addition of 5 wt % OP to this epoxy resin enhanced GIc by a factor of 12. Combining the hard GA and soft OP modifiers at the same loading levels (0.04 and 5 wt %, respectively) resulted in 18 times the GIc of the unmodified material, a 31% improvement over the effect anticipated by simple addition of the fracture properties of the binary composites. Decreasing Mc to 700 g/mol eliminated this synergistic effect while reducing the overall improvement in GIc to just 3 times that of the neat epoxy. Topological features on the fracture surfaces, imaged using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), suggest that the synergistic toughening of the GA/OP/epoxy ternary composite involves concurrent mechanisms operating on different length scales, including micelle cavitation and graphene debonding, resulting in simultaneous shear yielding, crack pinning, and crack deflection.
Directional Beamforming for Millimeter-Wave MIMO Systems (2014)

The focus of this paper is on beamforming in a millimeter-wave (mmW) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) set-up that has gained increasing traction in meeting the high data-rate requirements of next- generation wireless systems. For a given MIMO channel matrix, the optimality of beamforming with the dominant right-singular vector (RSV) at the transmit end and with the matched filter to the RSV at the receive end has been well-understood. When the channel matrix can be accurately captured by a physical (geometric) scattering model across multiple clusters/paths as is the case in mmW MIMO systems, we provide a physical interpretation for this optimal structure: beam steering across the different paths with appropriate power allocation and phase compensation. While such an explicit physical interpretation has not been provided hitherto, practical implementation of such a structure in a mmW system is fraught with considerable difficulties (complexity as well as cost) as it requires the use of per-antenna gain and phase control. This paper characterizes the loss in received SNR with an alternate low-complexity beamforming solution that needs only per-antenna phase control and corresponds to steering the beam to the dominant path at the transmit and receive ends. While the loss in received SNR can be arbitrarily large (theoretically), this loss is minimal in a large fraction of the channel realizations reinforcing the utility of directional beamforming as a good candidate solution for mmW MIMO systems.
Accurate Detection of Carcinoma Cells by Use of a Cell Microarray Chip (2012)

The potential application of the cell microarray chip for the detection of CTCs was shown, thus demonstrating accurate detection by double staining for cytokeratin and EpCAM at the single carcinoma cell level.
Shape reconstruction from noisy surface slope information using a multiresolution Bayesian method (2005)

Many optical inspection systems today can capture surface slope information directly or indirectly. For these systems, it is possible to perform a 3-D surface reconstruction which converts surface slopes to surface heights. Since the slope information obtained in such systems tend to be noisy and sometimes heavily quantized, a noise-tolerant reconstruction method is needed. We used a simple bayes reconstruction method to improve noise tolerance, and multi-resolution processing to improve the speed of calculations. For each resolution level, the surface slopes between pixels are first calculated from the original surface slopes. Then the height reconstruction for this resolution level is calculated by solving the linear equations that relate relative heights of each point and its related surface slopes. This is done through a Bayesian method which makes it easier to incorporate prior knowledge about height ranges and noise levels. The reconstructions are done for a small window of pixels at a time for each resolution level to make the linear equations manageable. The relative height solutions from all resolution levels are then combined to generate the final height map. This method has been used in optical inspection applications where slope data are quite noisy.
Liquid crystalline polymer based RF/wireless components for multi-band applications (2004)

This paper presents for the first time the design, implementation, measurements, reliability data and integration of multiple RF components such as filters, baluns, diplexers, and a combination of the above on liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) based substrates for communication standards such as 802.11 a/b/g, LMDS/MMDS, satellite/digital TV, UWB, cellular and Bluetooth type applications. These components and process technologies are being targeted as a cost-effective high-performance, miniaturized alternative to the primary technologies of choice for multi-band RF/wireless applications, namely, low-temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC), multi-layer ceramic (MLC) and ceramic monoblock technologies. The first examples of this platform substrate technology are very compact 12 mm/sup 3/ fully packaged SMT front-end filters with center frequencies of 2.45, 5.25 and 5.775 GHz. One embodiment of the filter at 2.45 GHz, which is well suited for 802.11 b/g and Bluetooth type applications, provides a passband of 100 MHz with maximum inband insertion loss less than 1.7 dB at 25/spl deg/C, greater than 25 dB attenuation at 2700-2800 MHz, greater than 10 dB attenuation below 2.2 GHz, greater than 20 dB rejection at the second and third harmonic and inband VSWR less than 1.5 matched to 50 ohms at the input and output.
Stereoscopic image quality assessment using disparity-compensated view filtering (2016)

Stereoscopic image quality assessment (IQA) plays a vital role in stereoscopic image/video processing systems. We propose a new quality assessment for stereoscopic image that uses disparity-compensated view filtering (DCVF). First, because a stereoscopic image is composed of different frequency components, DCVF is designed to decompose it into high-pass and low-pass components. Then, the qualities of different frequency components are acquired according to their phase congruency and coefficient distribution characteristics. Finally, support vector regression is utilized to establish a mapping model between the component qualities and subjective qualities, and stereoscopic image quality is calculated using this mapping model. Experiments on the LIVE 3-D IQA database and NBU 3-D IQA databases demonstrate that the proposed method can evaluate stereoscopic image quality accurately. Compared with several state-of-the-art quality assessment methods, the proposed method is more consistent with human perception.
P.563—The ITU-T Standard for Single-Ended Speech Quality Assessment (2006)

Objective voice quality assessment has been the subject of research for many years. Up until very recently, objective models required a copy of the unprocessed signal for estimating the quality of a signal transmitted across a telecommunication network, making live call monitoring impossible. This paper introduces a method for nonintrusive assessment of speech quality for narrow-band telephony, which was approved by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) in May 2004. Essentially based on models of voice production and perception, the algorithm demonstrates good performance on more than 48 subjective experiments representing most distortions that occur on voice networks
Preliminary Test of a Wireless Magnetic Tongue Tracking System for Silent Speech Interface (2018)

A silent speech interface (SSI) converts non-audio information such as articulatory movement to text that can then drive a text-to-speech synthesizer. SSI has potential to assist the oral communication for individuals with impaired voice. In this paper, we present a prototype, wireless, permanent magnet articulography (PMA)-based tongue motion tracking system for SSI purpose. An array of magnetometers, embedded in this device, measures the changes in magnetic field induced by the movements of a magnetic tracer attached near the tongue tip. The magnetic field recordings are directly mapped to text by a deep neural network-based silent speech recognition algorithm. The recognition accuracy of target phonemes was evaluated in a speaker-specific task using a data set collected from six American English speakers. The average phoneme error rate was 37.3% and the word error rate was 32.1%. These encouraging results demonstrated the potential of our wireless device for silent speech interfaces.
A transcription factor hierarchy defines an environmental stress response network (2016)

Environmental stresses are universally encountered by microbes, plants, and animals. Yet systematic studies of stress-responsive transcription factor (TF) networks in multicellular organisms have been limited. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) influences the expression of thousands of genes, allowing us to characterize complex stress-responsive regulatory networks. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we identified genome-wide targets of 21 ABA-related TFs to construct a comprehensive regulatory network in Arabidopsis thaliana Determinants of dynamic TF binding and a hierarchy among TFs were defined, illuminating the relationship between differential gene expression patterns and ABA pathway feedback regulation. By extrapolating regulatory characteristics of observed canonical ABA pathway components, we identified a new family of transcriptional regulators modulating ABA and salt responsiveness and demonstrated their utility to modulate plant resilience to osmotic stress.
Dioxon Sorption by Hydroxy-Aluminum-Treated Clays (1989)

Abstract The treatment of smectites with a hydroxy-Al polymer produced chemically modified clays that had much greater affinities for chlorinated dioxins and biphenyls than untreated clays. For hydroxy-Al-treated kaolinite, the high affinity for chlorinated dioxins is thought to have arisen from an interaction between the hydroxy-Al polymer bound to the clay and the chlorinated dioxin in solution. Thus, the adsorption of dioxins from aqueous solution by hydroxy-Al-treated clays is similar to the adsorption of reactants from the gas phase by metals supported on mineral oxides during catalysis. In both systems, the essentially inert mineral oxide support effectively disperses the active adsorptive agent. At the concentrations of octachlorodioxin used in this study (≤5 ppb), hydroxy-Al-montmorillonite had a distribution coefficient of 90,000 (ml/g), corresponding to about 95% removal efficiency of the dioxin from solution per batch. For hexachlorohiphenyl, the distribution coefficient was 30,000 (ml/g), and the removal efficiency was 85%.
Ns-duration transient Bragg gratings in silica fibers (2017)

We demonstrate, for the first time to our knowledge, fast all-optical switching in standard silica fibers, based on a transient Bragg grating. The grating is implemented in the fiber using an immunization photo-pretreatment process, followed by side illumination with femtosecond laser pulses through a suitable phase mask. Each pulse is nonlinearly absorbed, creating a thermal grating that is washed out by thermal diffusion. Reflections measured from such gratings are characterized by a very fast rise time, nanoseconds duration, and a high extinction ratio.
A Comparative Analysis of Microgravity and Earth Grown Thermostable T1 Lipase Crystals Using HDPCG Apparatus (2015)

Geobacillus zalihae sp. nov., which produces a putative thermostable lipase, represents a novel species, with type strain T1. The characterisation of this intrinsically thermostable T1 lipase either physicochemically or structurally is an important task. The crystallisation of T1lipase in space was carried out using a High-Density Protein Crystal Growth (HDPCG) apparatus with the vapour diffusion method, and X-ray diffraction data were collected. The microgravity environment has improved the size and quality of the crystals as compared to earth grown crystal. The effect of microgravity on the crystallisation of T1 lipase was clearly evidenced by the finer atomic details at 1.35 A resolution. Better electron densities were observed overall compared with the Earth-grown crystals, and comparison shows the subtle but distinct conformations around Na(+) ion binding site stabilized via cation-π interactions. This approach could be useful for solving structure and function of lipases towards exploiting its potentials to various industrial applications.
<title>Novel approaches to automated reduction of phase-shifted interferograms</title> (1992)

In an effort to reduce the hardware requirements for phase shifting interferometry, we have developed two approaches to estimating the amount of individual phase shift between interferograms. This is intended to make possible phase shifting interferometry with unknown and varying phase shifts. This will reduce the cost of phase shifters by eliminating the need for precision calibrated devices. The first method of estimating the phase shift involves beam shuttering and requires a special hardware modification of the interferometer, while the second is a purely software implementation. Both methods are relatively inexpensive to install and use.