gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin and Seed Phenotype of Maize <i>low phytic acid 1-1</i> and <i>low phytic acid 2-1</i>  (2000)

Phytic acid (myo-inositol-1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-hexakisphosphate or Ins P(6)) typically represents approximately 75% to 80% of maize (Zea mays) seed total P. Here we describe the origin, inheritance, and seed phenotype of two non-lethal maize low phytic acid mutants, lpa1-1 and lpa2-1. The loci map to two sites on chromosome 1S. Seed phytic acid P is reduced in these mutants by 50% to 66% but seed total P is unaltered. The decrease in phytic acid P in mature lpa1-1 seeds is accompanied by a corresponding increase in inorganic phosphate (P(i)). In mature lpa2-1 seed it is accompanied by increases in P(i) and at least three other myo-inositol (Ins) phosphates (and/or their respective enantiomers): D-Ins(1,2,4,5,6) P(5); D-Ins (1,4,5,6) P(4); and D-Ins(1,2,6) P(3). In both cases the sum of seed P(i) and Ins phosphates (including phytic acid) is constant and similar to that observed in normal seeds. In both mutants P chemistry appears to be perturbed throughout seed development. Homozygosity for either mutant results in a seed dry weight loss, ranging from 4% to 23%. These results indicate that phytic acid metabolism during seed development is not solely responsible for P homeostasis and indicate that the phytic acid concentration typical of a normal maize seed is not essential to seed function.
Nanoengineered PtCo and PtNi Catalysts for Oxygen Reduction Reaction: An Assessment of the Structural and Electrocatalytic Properties (2011)

The ability to nanoengineer catalysts in terms of size, composition, shape, and phase properties is essential in exploiting the catalytic properties. This paper reports the results of an investigation of the structural and electrocatalytic properties of PtM (M = Co and Ni) nanoparticles and their carbon-supported electrocatalysts for an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Examples are focused on PtCo and PtNi nanoparticles in the range of 2−9 nm and in the composition range of 50−75% Pt. A sharp contrast in size dependence of the activity was revealed between PtCo/C and PtNi/C catalysts, showing a clear trend of decrease in activity with increasing particle size for PtCo/C and a subtle increase in activity for PtNi/C. The size−activity correlation also depends on the bimetallic composition. The detailed analyses of the structures of the catalysts by XAS technique revealed important information for assessing the electrocatalytic properties in relation to the relative amount of oxygenated species and the relative change in interatomic bond distance in the bimetallic nanoparticles, which suggest that a combination of structural parameters such as the change in Pt−Pt bond distance, the segregation of metal phases, and the formation of surface oxygenated species is operative for the size dependence of the enhanced electrocatalytic activity.
Intramuscular Immunization of Mice with the Live-Attenuated Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Vaccine Strain VC2 Expressing Equine Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) Glycoprotein D Generates Anti-EHV-1 Immune Responses in Mice (2017)

Vaccination remains the best option to combat equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) infection, and several different strategies of vaccination have been investigated and developed over the past few decades. Herein, we report that the live-attenuated herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) VC2 vaccine strain, which has been shown to be unable to enter into neurons and establish latency in mice, can be utilized as a vector for the heterologous expression of EHV-1 glycoprotein D (gD) and that the intramuscular immunization of mice results in strong antiviral humoral and cellular immune responses. The VC2-EHV-1-gD recombinant virus was constructed by inserting an EHV-1 gD expression cassette under the control of the cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter into the VC2 vector in place of the HSV-1 thymidine kinase (UL23) gene. The vaccines were introduced into mice through intramuscular injection. Vaccination with both the VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine and the commercially available vaccine Vetera EHV<sup>XP</sup> 1/4 (Vetera; Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica) resulted in the production of neutralizing antibodies, the levels of which were significantly higher in comparison to those in VC2- and mock-vaccinated animals (<i>P</i> < 0.01 or <i>P</i> < 0.001). Analysis of EHV-1-reactive IgG subtypes demonstrated that vaccination with the VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine stimulated robust IgG1 and IgG2a antibodies after three vaccinations (<i>P</i> < 0.001). Interestingly, Vetera-vaccinated mice produced significantly higher levels of IgM than mice in the other groups before and after challenge (<i>P</i> < 0.01 or <i>P</i> < 0.05). Vaccination with VC2-EHV-1-gD stimulated strong cellular immune responses, characterized by the upregulation of both interferon- and tumor necrosis factor-positive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Overall, the data suggest that the HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain may be used as a viral vector for the vaccination of horses as well as, potentially, for the vaccination of other economically important animals.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> A novel virus-vectored VC2-EHV-1-gD vaccine was constructed using the live-attenuated HSV-1 VC2 vaccine strain. This vaccine stimulated strong humoral and cellular immune responses in mice, suggesting that it could protect horses against EHV-1 infection.
A Strategy for Designing a Peptide Probe for Detection of β‐Amyloid Oligomers (2010)

Aggregation of β-amyloid (Aβ) is implicated in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. Development of a robust strategy to detect Aβ oligomeric intermediates, which have been identified as significant toxic agents, would be highly beneficial in the screening of drug candidates as well as enhancing our understanding of Aβ oligomerization. Rapid, specific and quantitative detection, currently unavailable, would be highly preferred for accurate and reliable probing of transient Aβ oligomers. Here, we report the development of a novel peptide probe, PG46, based on the nature of Aβ self-assembly and the conformation-sensitive fluorescence of the biarsenical dye, FlAsH. PG46 was found to bind to Aβ oligomers and displayed an increase in FlAsH fluorescence upon binding. No such event was observed when PG46 was co-incubated with Aβ low-molecular-weight species or Aβ fibrils. Aβ oligomer detection was fast, and occurred within one hour without any additional sample incubation or preparation. We anticipate that the development of a strategy for detection of amyloid oligomers described in this study will be directly relevant to a host of other amyloidogenic proteins.
Stability of Hingeless Rotor Blades in Hover with Pitch-Link Flexibility (1977)

A stability analysis of a single cantilevered helicopter rotor blade in hover is presented. The blade is represented by an elastic uniform beam, cantilevered in bending and having a torsional root spring to simulate pitch-link flexibility. Nonlinear equations are adapted for a linearized stability analysis about the blade equilibrium operating condition. Numerical results are obtained for hingeless rotor configurations having pitchlink flexibility, precone, droop, twist, and flap-lag structural coupling. The results indicate that hingeless rotor stability characteristics are sensitive to changes in most configuration parameters. For a given torsion frequency, the effect of pitch-link flexibility is generally found to be similar to the effect of blade torisional flexibility. Droop and precone, although physically similar, exhibit different effects on stability when pitch-link flexibility is present. Twist is shown to influence the stability by altering the flap-lag structural coupling.
Securing Analog Mixed-Signal Integrated Circuits Through Shared Dependencies (2019)

The transition to a horizontal integrated circuit (IC) design flow has raised concerns regarding the security and protection of IC intellectual property (IP). Obfuscation of an IC has been explored as a potential methodology to protect IP in both the digital and analog domains in isolation. However, novel methods are required for analog mixed-signal circuits that both enhance the current disjoint implementations of analog and digital security measures and prevent an independent adversarial attack of each domain. This paper demonstrates the vulnerabilities of implementing disjointed obfuscation techniques to protect analog mixed-signal ICs. In addition, a novel methodology is developed to generate functional and behavioral dependencies between the analog and digital domains that results in an increase in the adversarial key search space. The dependencies between the analog and digital keys result in a 3x increase in the number of iterations required to complete the SAT attack. An analysis of best practices is also provided to aid in the implementation of security measures for analog mixed-signal circuits.
A lymphatic defect causes ocular hypertension and glaucoma in mice (2014)

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, afflicting more than 60 million people worldwide. Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to impaired aqueous humor drainage is a major risk factor for the development of glaucoma. Here, we demonstrated that genetic disruption of the angiopoietin/TIE2 (ANGPT/TIE2) signaling pathway results in high IOP, buphthalmos, and classic features of glaucoma, including retinal ganglion degeneration and vision loss. Eyes from mice with induced deletion of Angpt1 and Angpt2 (A1A2Flox(WB) mice) lacked drainage pathways in the corneal limbus, including Schlemm's canal and lymphatic capillaries, which share expression of the PROX1, VEGFR3, and FOXC family of transcription factors. VEGFR3 and FOXCs have been linked to lymphatic disorders in patients, and FOXC1 has been linked to glaucoma. In contrast to blood endothelium, in which ANGPT2 is an antagonist of ANGPT1, we have shown that both ligands cooperate to regulate TIE2 in the lymphatic network of the eye. While A1A2Flox(WB) mice developed high IOP and glaucoma, expression of ANGPT1 or ANGPT2 alone was sufficient for ocular drainage. Furthermore, we demonstrated that loss of FOXC2 from lymphatics results in TIE2 downregulation, suggesting a mechanism for ocular defects in patients with FOXC mutations. These data reveal a pathogenetic and molecular basis for glaucoma and demonstrate the importance of angiopoietin ligand cooperation in the lymphatic endothelium.
A 3.3 V analog adaptive line-equalizer for fast Ethernet data communication (2002)

An adaptive line-equalizer has been developed for 100 Mb/sec Fast Ethernet data communication. For a 100 m CAT3 UTP cable the output jitter is 2 nsec while for that of a 125 m CAT5 UTP cable it is 2.8 nsec. The device is fabricated in 0.4 /spl mu/ digital CMOS process where it consumes 65 mW from a 3.3 V power supply.
Abstract 234: Transcription factor LSF is a novel oncogene for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (2010)

Abstract While the incidence of overall cancers is decreasing, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is one of the few cancers the incidence of which is on an increase. The mortality rate of HCC parallels that of incidence since HCC is a highly aggressive cancer with extremely limited currently available therapeutic strategies. Understanding the molecular mechanism of hepatocarcinogenesis will help develop novel, targeted and more effective therapeutic regimen to counteract this fatal disease. Here, we demonstrate that the cellular transcriptional factor Late SV40 Factor (LSF) functions as an oncogene in HCC. The level of LSF expression is significantly increased in human HCC patients compared to matched non-neoplastic controls and normal liver and LSF expression significantly correlates with the stages and grades of HCC. Ectopic overexpression of LSF in nontumorigenic human HCC cells leads to highly aggressive, multi-organ metastatic tumors while inhibition of LSF in aggressive human HCC cells profoundly inhibits tumorigenic and metastatic properties in athymic nude mice. Affymetrix microarray studies identified novel LSF-downstream genes that are associated with cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion, metastasis, chemoresistance, and senescence. Osteopontin, a key molecule mediating tumor progression, especially metastasis, was identified as a downstream target gene of LSF. Promoter-reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses confirmed that LSF transcriptionally upregulates OPN by binding to its promoter. Knockdown of OPN gene in LSF-overexpressing HCC cells markedly inhibits LSF-mediated tumor progression including metastasis. This is the first report on the novel function of LSF as an oncogene in any cancer indication. Since LSF expression correlates with the advanced stages of the disease, it might be employed as a diagnostic/prognostic marker for HCC. The DNA binding domain of LSF might be targeted with small molecule inhibitors that might be developed as potential HCC therapeutic. Our findings thus have significant translational implications. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 234.
<title>Proposal for polymer photonic bandgap materials fabricated by dry etching and diffusion</title> (1997)

A method to produce polymer-based passive and active photonic bandgap devices for integrated optics is described. The aim of the method is to implement low-cost active and passive opto-electronic devices of high quality with a high degree of integration and high packing density. A structurable resist or polymer layer of high quality is placed onto an opto-electronic substrate. An etching mask and a high-grade anisotropical in-depth etching process are used to generate a structure which can be used as a photonic bandgap material. The permittivity of the structure is changed by filling the polymer structure with monomers by means of a vapor-phase or liquid-phase diffusion. Depending on the monomer type used for diffusion as well as on temperature and on interaction time, the optical properties of an optical element can be changed selectively. The method described will make possible an increase in the packing density of future integrated optics and low-cost production of large quantities alike.
A novel co-occluded binary mixture of Helicoverpa armigera single nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearSNPV) genotypes from Spain is highly effective insecticide. (2016)

Trabajo presentado en la 15th Meeting of the IOBC-WPRS Working Group “Microbial and Nematode Control of Invertebrate Pests”, celebrada en Riga del 7 al 11 de junio de 2015.
Synthesis, Modeling, and Pharmacological Evaluation of UMB 425, a Mixed μ Agonist/δ Antagonist Opioid Analgesic with Reduced Tolerance Liabilities (2013)

Opioid narcotics are used for the treatment of moderate-to-severe pain and primarily exert their analgesic effects through μ receptors. Although traditional μ agonists can cause undesired side effects, including tolerance, addition of δ antagonists can attenuate said side effects. Herein, we report 4a,9-dihydroxy-7a-(hydroxymethyl)-3-methyl-2,3,4,4a,5,6-hexahydro-1H-4,12-methanobenzofuro[3,2-e]isoquinolin-7(7aH)-one (UMB 425) a 5,14-bridged morphinan-based orvinol precursor synthesized from thebaine. Although UMB 425 lacks δ-specific motifs, conformationally sampled pharmacophore models for μ and δ receptors predict it to have efficacy similar to morphine at μ receptors and similar to naltrexone at δ receptors, due to the compound sampling conformations in which the hydroxyl moiety interacts with the receptors similar to orvinols. As predicted, UMB 425 exhibits a mixed μ agonist/δ antagonist profile as determined in receptor binding and [(35)S]GTPγS functional assays in CHO cells. In vivo studies in mice show that UMB 425 displays potent antinociception in the hot plate and tail-flick assays. The antinociceptive effects of UMB 425 are blocked by naloxone, but not by the κ-selective antagonist norbinaltorphimine. During a 6-day tolerance paradigm, UMB 425 maintains significantly greater antinociception compared to morphine. These studies thus indicate that, even in the absence of δ-specific motifs fused to the C-ring, UMB 425 has mixed μ agonist/δ antagonist properties in vitro that translate to reduced tolerance liabilities in vivo.
Optimal rate allocation for adaptive wireless video streaming in networks with user dynamics (2014)

We consider the problem of optimal rate allocation and admission control for adaptive video streaming sessions in wireless networks with user dynamics. The central aim is to achieve an optimal tradeoff between several key objectives: maximizing the average rate utility per user, minimizing the temporal rate variability, and maximizing the number of users supported. We identify the structure of algorithms that achieve asymptotically optimal performance in large-capacity systems, and exploit the insight into this structure to devise parsimonious and robust online algorithms. Extensive simulation experiments demonstrate that the proposed online algorithms perform well, even in systems with relatively small capacity.
Grating-based interferometric processor for real-time optical Fourier transformation (1984)

A processing approach is introduced that is capable of performing 1-D real-time Fourier transformations on the intensity distribution of an incoherent optical input. The processing approach is based on grating interferometers, and the resulting processors are simple in structure and easily implemented. Possible processor configurations together with experimental results demonstrating the operation of the system are presented. Analyses are given comparing the grating interferometric processor to the Michelson stellar interferometer and the classical coherent optical processor.
Ultrasonic detection of hydrogen damage (1989)

L'etude s'applique a l'attaque chimique par l'hydrogene dans les tubes de chaudieres. Trois methodes non destructives ultrasonores sont proposees: elles utilisent respectivement l'attenuation, la vitesse et la retrodiffusion ultrasonores
Acoustical Modeling for Speech Recognition: Long Units and Multi-Modeling (2005)

The subject of this thesis is acoustic modeling for speech recognition. There are two main aspects: modeling using long-units (consonant groups, quasi-syllables, multi-phones) and multi-modeling (e.i. how to efficiently build a model for a given class of data?)Methods for speeding-up the learning of the models using fixed alignments have been studied, and also how to produce Gaussianmixture models without passing through splitting methods that are usually employed during mixture learning.There is a growing interest in modeling using units longer than phonemes, because they enable modeling long-term dependencies and also pronunciation variations within the given group of phonemes. Context-dependent long-units yielded modest gains with respect to phonemes. But when this modeling is employed to a specific application, long-units significantly outperformed phonemes.The idea behind multi-modeling is to have specific models for each different conditions, thus being more precise in each one. A condition-specific model is estimated with data chosen by a priori knowledge, for example a group of speakers (gender, age, accent), transmission channel (PSTN, GSM), a range of signal-to-noise ratios, or any other feature of the signal. Different model combination schemes specific to each class are evaluated, and also for different a priori sources of variation. Using gender and channel-dependent models, a significant improvement over models learned on the same data but without the use of the a priori knowledge. Combining models at acoustic level (Gaussian mixtures) gave the highest performance.
Effect of Porosity and Permeability on the Membrane Efficiency of Shales (2008)

Abstract This paper presents experimental data showing the dependence of shale membrane efficiency of water-base muds on its petrophysical properties and mud composition. Wellbore instability often occurs as a result of osmotic pressures that develop when shale is in contact with water-base muds. The osmotic pressures generated are proportional to the shale membrane efficiency. It is not currently possible to directly measure the shale membrane efficiency downhole. A pressure transmission technique was used to measure the membrane efficiency of Atoka shale at different porosities. This provides a way to estimate shale membrane efficiency from wireline measurements. The results of this study could possibly be used to design muds that cause shale strengthening and result in better wellbore stability. Two series of tests were performed; the first used brine solution as the test fluid while the second used three industry-provided water-base muds. Results show that the membrane efficiency of Atoka shale ranges from 0.4% to about 13% and is a function of the shale porosity. This shows that the porosity of the shale itself is an important consideration in mud design. The data clearly show that the membrane efficiency is negatively correlated with the shale porosity until about a porosity of 7.5% beyond which there is essentially no change in membrane efficiency. A good correlation was also found between the shale permeability (which is in the order of 0.1 nD) and the membrane efficiency. Beyond a permeability of 0.2 nD osmotic effects are small. For tests conducted with water-base muds, the membrane efficiency of the shale was reduced by a factor of more than 2 after contacting two of the three muds with the mud-altered Atoka shale. This decrease was found to correlate very well with an increase in porosity and permeability in the shale. However, muds which reduced the permeability recorded an increase in membrane efficiency. This shows the importance of porosity and permeability reducing agents in changing the membrane efficiency and osmotic pressure in shales. Shale membrane efficiency has been shown to correlate with the shale porosity and permeability. Interaction of the shale with different water-base muds is shown to change the membrane properties of the shale. Furthermore, the nature of this change determines the effectiveness of these muds in the stabilization of troublesome shales. This is important because of the time dependent nature of wellbore failure. This study shows that certain drilling fluids have the ability to alter the shale through permeability reduction induced by osmotic flow. The results of the study can be used to better design water-base drilling fluids that will stabilize shales.
A FcγRIII-engaging bispecific antibody expands the range of HER2-expressing breast tumors eligible to antibody therapy (2014)

Trastuzumab is established as treatment of HER2high metastatic breast cancers but many limitations impair its efficacy. Here, we report the design of a Fab-like bispecific antibody (HER2bsFab) that displays a moderate affinity for HER2 and a unique, specific and high affinity for FcγRIII. In vitro characterization showed that ADCC was the major mechanism of action of HER2bsFab as no significant HER2-driven effect was observed. HER2bsFab mediated ADCC at picomolar concentration against HER2high, HER2low as well as trastuzumab-refractive cell lines. In vivo HER2bsFab potently inhibited HER2high tumor growth by recruitment of mouse FcγRIII and IV-positive resident effector cells and more importantly, exhibited a net superiority over trastuzumab at inhibiting HER2low tumor growth. Moreover, FcγRIIIA-engagement by HER2bsFab was independent of V/F158 polymorphism and induced a stronger NK cells activation in response to target cell recognition. Thus, taking advantage of its epitope specificity and affinity for HER2 and FcγRIIIA, HER2bsFab exhibits potent anti-tumor activity against HER2low tumors while evading most of trastuzumab Fc-linked limitations thereby potentially enlarging the number of patients eligible for breast cancer immunotherapy.