gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficiency of Magnetic Treatment for Feed Water in Reverse Osmosis Processes (2023)

The paper presents a new methodology for short-term (5-25 min) benchtop tests to evaluate the effectiveness of magnetic treatment of feed water for reducing mineral scaling on a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Scale deposition is measured at a controlled level of salt supersaturation in water flowing through an RO unit in once-through mode. A magnetic water conditioner is tested in a transient flow regime when variations of the permeate flux along the flow path are insignificant. Scale formation under these conditions is governed by salt crystallization on the membrane surface. The proposed method was implemented to investigate the influence of magnetic treatment on gypsum deposition on RO membranes in supersaturated aqueous CaSO<sub>4</sub>/NaCl solutions. The effects of magnetic water treatment on scale formation under our experimental conditions were found to be statistically insignificant with a confidence level of 95%. However, this outcome should not be considered to negate the potential efficiency of magnetic water treatment in specific applications. The proposed methodology of testing under a controlled level of salt supersaturation will also be useful for evaluating the efficiency of other water treatment technologies.
Space Flight Tests of Attitude Determination Using GPS (1993)

Preliminary space flight results of attitude determination
using GPS are presented from a spacecraft in low Earth
orbit. Relative position measurements accurate to the
sub-centimeter level are made among multiple GPS
antennas mounted on the space vehicle. A Trimble
Navigation TANS Quadrex (a GPS receiver specially
adapted for attitude determination by Stanford University)
is used as a differential carrier phase sensor for the flight.
Four GPS antennas are mounted on the zenith face of
RADCAL, a polar orbiting, gravity-gradient-stabilized
Air Force Space Test Program satellite, built by Defense
Systems, Inc. The four antennas are equally spaced about
the perimeter of the 30 inch diameter cylindrical
spacecraft bus.
The Quadrex receiver measures the phase of the L-band
GPS carrier (1575 MHz) at each of up to four antennas for
up to six GPS satellites simultaneously. From these
measurements, an initial assessment of attitude
determination in space is performed in post-processing.
For RADCAL, the attitude solution is greatly over-
determined. In a preliminary evaluation of system
performance, the system accuracy is determined through
measurement self-consistency. Analysis of the attitude
motion in the context of a gravity gradient dynamic model
yields further insight into the system performance.
Recombinant Protein Hydrogels for Cell Injection and Transplantation (2014)

As found in nature, full-length proteins consist of a genetically specified sequence of the 20 canonical amino acids, of a defined length. This sequence of chemically diverse functional groups enables the many highly controlled interactions with other molecules found in natural proteins. Recombinant proteins can be engineered to incorporate some of nature's palette of protein functionality into hydrogels for cell delivery. Current work demonstrates how this level of molecular precision can be used to address challenges in cell therapies, such as post-implantation viability, localization, and control, via specified gelation mechanics and tailored bioactive domains. Leveraging recombinant technology, including protein engineering, gene synthesis, expression, and purification, materials scientists have appropriated and modified naturally occurring proteins to achieve hydrogels that combine defined gelation mechanics with specified bioactive protein chemistries. Here, we specifically review recent developments in recombinant protein hydrogels that are either inspired by native extracellular matrix proteins (e.g. elastin, collagen, and resilin) or designed from non-matrix peptides (e.g. mixing-induced two-component hydrogels). In many of these case studies, domain- and sequence-level engineering enables a broad range of biochemical activity and mechanical control via gelation. Despite the remaining challenges of scalability and forward-designed predictability, hydrogels made of recombinant proteins offer exciting possibilities for sophisticated delivery of therapeutic cells, including multifactorial control, native-like mechanics, and sensitivity to signals from delivered cells or host tissues.
Rational Catalyst Design: A Multifunctional Mesoporous Silica Catalyst for Shifting the Reaction Equilibrium by Removal of Byproduct (2011)

Bifunctional mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSN) catalysts for esterification reaction, containing a Brønsted acid site of diarylammonium triflate (DAT) and a pentafluorophenyl propyl (PFP) group, were synthesized and thoroughly characterized. Their high reactivity is attributed to the formation of a surface-bound hydrophobic layer of PFP molecules, which facilitates the extrusion of one of the reaction products (water) from the mesopores by suppressing water adsorption onto the surface, thereby shifting the reaction equilibrium to completion.
Combining Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Structural Parameters for the Diagnosis of Glaucoma With Early Visual Field Loss (2013)

The multivariable model was successful in predicting glaucoma with early visual field loss and outperformed univariable models in terms of AUC, AIC, PILs, and classification rates.
Design of Contoured Microscale Thermomechanical Actuators (2006)

In this paper, we disclose how to contour the beams of microscale thermomechanical actuators (TMAs) in order to enhance the actuator's thermal and mechanical performance. In this approach, we vary the cross-section of the heated beams over the length of the beams. Using this approach, the stored strain energy and axial stiffness of the beam may be modified to achieve an optimized force-displacement relationship. Examples are provided to show that in some designs: 1) the maximum achievable thermal strain of a driving beam may be increased by 29%, 2) actuator stroke may be increased by a factor of four, and 3) identical force or displacement characteristics may be achieved with a 90% reduction in power. This paper presents the theory and models used to predict the thermal and mechanical behavior of the actuator. The theory and models were used to create a deterministic link between the actuator's design parameters and the actuator's performance characteristics. The theory and models were combined within a design tool that is posted at http://pcsl.mit.edu. The tool has been used to generate performance plots that enable designers to: 1) understand the quantitative relationships between design parameters and performance and 2) rapidly converge upon first-pass design parameters.1695
Phenylcarbazole‐Based Phosphine Oxide Host Materials For High Efficiency In Deep Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2009)

Abstract Highly efficient deep blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes are developed using novel phenylcarbazole‐based phosphine oxide host materials (PPO1 and PPO2). A deep blue phosphorescent dopant, tris((3,5‐difluoro‐4‐cyanophenyl)pyridine) iridium, is doped into PPO1 and PPO2 at a doping concentration of 15% and a high quantum efficiency of 18.4% is obtained with color coordinates of (0.14, 0.15).
Example-based cross-modal denoising (2012)

Widespread current cameras are part of multisensory systems with an integrated computer (smartphones). Computer vision thus starts evolving to cross-modal sensing, where vision and other sensors cooperate. This exists in humans and animals, reflecting nature, where visual events are often accompanied with sounds. Can vision assist in denoising another modality? As a case study, we demonstrate this principle by using video to denoise audio. Unimodal (audio-only) denoising is very difficult when the noise source is non-stationary, complex (e.g., another speaker or music in the background), strong and not individually accessible in any modality (unseen). Cross-modal association can help: a clear video can direct the audio estimator. We show this using an example-based approach. A training movie having clear audio provides cross-modal examples. In testing, cross-modal input segments having noisy audio rely on the examples for denoising. The video channel drives the search for relevant training examples. We demonstrate this in speech and music experiments.
Why I Want a Gradient Camera (2005)

We propose a camera that measures static gradients instead of static intensities. Quantizing sensed intensity differences between adjacent pixel values permits an ordinary A/D converter to measure detailed high contrast (HDR) scenes. We measure alternating 'cliques' of sensors (small groups) that locally determine their own best exposure, and reconstruct the image using a Poisson solver. This intrinsically differential design suppresses common-mode noise, hides and smoothes quantization, and can correct for its own saturated sensors. Simulations demonstrate these capabilities in side-by-side comparisons.
Properties of Sizeable [<i>n</i>]Cycloparaphenylenes as Molecular Models of Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes Elucidated by Raman Spectroscopy: Structural and Electron‐Transfer Responses under Mechanical Stress (2014)

[n]Cycloparaphenylenes behave as molecular templates of "perfectly chemically defined" single-wall carbon nanotubes. These [n]CPP molecules have electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties in size correspondence with their giant congeners. Under mechanical stress, they form charge-transfer salts, or complexes with fullerene, by one-electron concave-convex electron transfer.
Low Bit-Rate Speech Coding through Quantization of Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (2011)

In this paper, we propose a low bit-rate speech codec based on vector quantization (VQ) of the mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs). We begin by showing that if a high-resolution mel-frequency cepstrum (MFC) is computed, good-quality speech reconstruction is possible from the MFCCs despite the lack of phase information. By evaluating the contribution toward speech quality that individual MFCCs make and applying appropriate quantization, our results show that the MFCC-based codec exceeds the state-of-the-art MELPe codec across the entire range of 600-2400 bps, when evaluated with the perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ) (ITU-T recommendation P.862). The main advantage of the proposed codec is in distributed speech recognition (DSR) since the MFCCs can be directly applied thus eliminating additional decode and feature extract stages; furthermore, the proposed codec better preserves the fidelity of MFCCs and better word accuracy rates as compared to CELP and MELPe codecs.
Electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 at a chemically modified electrode (1985)

When electropolymerized, the complex Re(vbpy)(CO)3Cl (vbpy = 4-vinlyl-4′-methyl-2,2′-bipyridine), as a polymeric film on a Pt electrode, electrocatalytically reduces CO2 to CO with turnover numbers greatly exceeding those observed for the analogous electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 by Re(bpy)(CO)3Cl in homogeneous solution (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine).
Efficient implementation of enhanced min-sum algorithm for DVB-S2 LDPC decoder (2014)

This paper proposes an efficient implementation of enhanced min-sum algorithm (EMSA) for DVB-S2 LDPC decoding. In order to minimize complexity of check node update, the proposed method uses forward and backward algorithm. Simulation results show that the EMSA does not cause serious performance degradation, as compared with sum-product algorithm when decoder input is 9-bit quantized.
A Reconstruction Method for Dual High-Energy CT With MeV X-Rays (2011)

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) allows one to obtain both density and atomic number and thus can provide information about material composition of scanned objects. In this paper, we extend a basis material decomposition method for high energy X-ray DECT used in cargo inspection. It differs from conventional DECT reconstruction methods by pair-production effect coming into play in the reconstruction. The pair-production does not happen for DECT in low energy level (lower than 1 MeV). The decomposition error of the basis material model and its applicability in the high-energy level are analyzed in this paper. A reconstruction method based on this model is proposed to reconstruct both the atomic number <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Z</i> and the electron density ρ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</i> images for a high-energy DECT. The method is validated by a numerical simulation and a practical experiment on a cargo inspection system. Results show that the proposed reconstruction method is strongly grounded on physics and feasible for high-energy DECT in material discrimination, especially for cargo inspections. The advantages and limitations of the high-energy DECT, as well as possible improvements for future work are discussed in this paper.
Specific Chemical Effects on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy for Ultra-Sensitive Detection of Biological Molecules (2004)

Achieving high signal amplification in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is important for reaching single molecule level sensitivity and has been the focus of intense research efforts. We introduce a novel chemical enhancer, lithium chloride, that provides an additional order of magnitude increase in SERS relative to previously reported enhancement results. We have duplicated single molecule detection of the DNA base adenine that has previously been reported, thereby providing independent validation of this important result. Building upon this work, we show that the chemical enhancer LiCl produces strong SERS signal under a wide range of experimental conditions, including multiple laser excitation wavelengths and target molecule concentrations, for nucleotides, nucleosides, bases, and dye molecules. This is significant because while selection of anions used in chemical enhancement is well known to affect the degree of amplification attained, cation selection has previously been reported to have no major effect on the magnitude of SERS enhancement. Our findings indicate that cation selection is quite important in ultra-sensitive SERS detection, opening the door to further discussion and theory development involving the role of cations in SERS.
Sparse representations for text categorization (2010)

Sparse representations (SRs) are often used to characterize a test signal using few support training examples, and allow the number of supports to be adapted to the specific signal being categorized. Given the good performance of SRs compared to other classifiers for both image classification and phonetic classification, in this paper, we extended the use of SRs for text classification, a method which has thus far not been explored for this domain. Specifically, we demonstrate how sparse representations can be used for text classification and how their performance varies with the vocabulary size of the documents. In addition, we also show that this method offers promising results over the Naive Bayes (NB) classifier, a standard baseline classifier used for text categorization, thus introducing an alternative class of methods for text categorization.
Tunable delay line with interacting whispering-gallery-mode resonators (2004)

We theoretically study a parallel configuration of two interacting whispering-gallery-mode optical resonators and show a narrowband modal structure as a basis for a widely tunable delay line. For the optimum coupling configuration the system can possess an unusually narrow spectral feature with a much narrower bandwidth than the loaded bandwidth of each individual resonator. The effect has a direct analogy with the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency in quantum systems for which the interference of spontaneous emission results in ultranarrow resonances.
Register spilling via transformed interference equations for PAC DSP architecture (2013)

SUMMARY Digital signal processors (DSPs) with very long instruction word (VLIW) data‐path architectures are increasingly being deployed on embedded devices for multimedia processing applications. To reduce the power consumption and design cost of VLIW DSP processors, distributed register files and multibank register architectures are being adopted to reduce the number of read and write ports associated with register files, which presents new challenges for devising compiler optimization schemes. This paper addresses the issues of reducing the spill code for a VLIW DSP with distributed register files. Spill code produced by register allocation is traditionally handled by memory spills, but the multibank register‐file architecture provides the opportunity to spill‐out register values onto different register banks. We present a conceptual framework based on the universal and the proxy interference graphs to model the live ranges of registers for spilling codes to different register banks. Heuristic algorithms are then developed on the basis of this concept. By heuristically estimating the register pressure for each register file, we treat different register banks as optional spilling locations in addition to traditional spilling to memory. Experiments were performed on the parallel architecture core VLIW DSP with distributed register files by incorporating our proposed optimization schemes into an Open64‐based compiler. The experimental results show that our approach can improve the performances on average for DSPStone and MiBench benchmarks with spilling cases by 7.1% and 21.6%, respectively, compared with the one always handling spill code in memory. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Banana bunchy top nanovirus DNA-1 encodes the ‘master’ replication initiation protein (2001)

Banana bunchy top nanovirus has a multicomponent, circular single-stranded DNA genome comprising at least six integral components, BBTV DNA-1 to -6, which have been consistently associated with bunchy top disease worldwide. At least three other components, BBTV S1, S2 and Y, which have been isolated from Taiwanese BBTV isolates, do not appear to be integral components. We show here that both BBTV DNA-1 and S1, which encode replication initiation (Rep) proteins, were capable of self-replication when bombarded into banana embryogenic cell suspensions. However, only BBTV DNA-1 was capable of directing the replication of two other BBTV genomic components, namely BBTV DNA-3 which encodes the coat protein, and DNA-5 which encodes a retinoblastoma binding-like protein. These results indicate that (i) BBTV DNA-1 is the minimal replicative unit of BBTV and encodes the ‘master’ viral Rep and (ii) BBTV S1 is possibly a satellite DNA which is unable to replicate integral BBTV components.
MRI Analysis of Anteroposterior Stability in the Normal Human Knee (2009)

During activities the knee experiences compressive forces caused by the weight of the body and muscle forces. However, there is also an anterior shear force pushing the femur forwards on the tibia. It is likely to be important to the feeling of stability that the shear force is resisted so as to limit the anterior femoral displacement. The dished bearing surface of the medial tibial compartment in combination with the medial meniscus may well perform this function. In contrast, the lateral tibial surface is convex in the sagittal plane and the meniscus is too mobile to offer any anteroposterior (AP) restraint. Therefore, we hypothesize that if an anterior or posterior force is applied to the femur relative to the tibia, AP stability is provided by the medial side, while the lateral side allows for femoral rollback to facilitate a high range of flexion. At any flexion angle, rotational laxity will occur about a point on the medial side.
Phosphate-selective polymer membrane electrode (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphate-selective polymer membrane electrodeScott A. Glazier and Mark A. ArnoldCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 22, 2540–2542Publication Date (Print):November 15, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 November 1988https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00173a024RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views399Altmetric-Citations67LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (424 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Noninvasive measurement of small local vibrations in the heart or arterial wall (2002)

In order to diagnose ventricular dysfunction or arteriosclerosis based on the acoustic characteristics of the heart muscle or the arterial walls, it is necessary to noninvasively measure small vibration signals from various parts of the ventricular or arterial walls. This is, however, difficult using previously proposed ultrasonic diagnostic methods or systems. The authors have already proposed a method for overcoming this problem and measuring small vibrations of the ventricle wall using ultrasound. Here, the authors propose a new method to accurately track the heart/aortic wall movement from both of the phase and magnitude of the demodulated signal to determine the position of the object, from which the velocity is estimated. By this method, small vibrations of heart wall or the aortic wall with amplitudes of 10/spl sim/100 /spl mu/m resulting from the motion due to the heart beats with a large amplitude of 10 mm are successfully detected in the frequency range up to 1 kHz continuously for more than ten beat periods. The new method offers potential for research in acoustical diagnosis of heart dysfunction and atherosclerosis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>