gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Retrovirus-Induced Aberrant Cytokine Secretion, Excessive Lipid Peroxidation, and Tissue Vitamin E Deficiency by T Cell Receptor Peptide Treatments in C57BL/6 Mice (1997)

To test whether T cell receptor (TCR) peptide treatment can prevent immune dysfunction, excessive lipid peroxidation, and malnutrition caused by retrovirus infection, female C57BL/6 mice were infected with LP-BM5 retrovirus. Infection with retrovirus inhibited lymphocyte proliferation, cytokine release T helper 1 cells, stimulated cytokine secretion by T helper 2 cells, induced abnormal hepatic and cardiac lipid profiles, and produced excessive tissue lipid peroxidation with hepatic and cardiac vitamin E deficiency. Two weeks after infection, TCR peptides Vbeta5.2, Vbeta8.1, Vbeta8.1 + Vbeta5.2, Vbeta8.1(N), and Vbeta8.1 were injected to the mice at dose of 200 microg/mouse. Vbeta8.1 and Vbeta5.2 treatments largely maintained lymphocyte proliferation and IL-2 and IFN-gamma release, and prevented excessive IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-alpha secretion. Concomitantly, these treatments normalized hepatic and cardiac lipid profiles, reduced tissue lipid peroxidation, and thereby significantly maintained vitamin E in the liver and heart. Vbeta8.1 segments treatment did not prevent the immune dysfunction, abnormal lipid profile and lipid peroxidation, and vitamin E deficiency caused by the retrovirus infection. In conclusion, injection of intact TCR peptides during murine retrovirus infection largely prevented immune dysfunction by blocking the excessive stimulation of a T cell subset caused by retroviral superantigens. It also ameliorated malnutrition status by normalizing lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and vitamin E deficiency. T cell immune dysfunction and its prevention by TCR peptide treatment is important in the therapy of vitamin E deficiency induced by retrovirus infection.
A selective encryption approach to fine-grained access control for p2p file sharing (2010)

Abstract-As the use of peer-to-peer (P2P) services for dis tributed file sharing has grown, the need for fine-grained access control (FGAC) has emerged. Existing access control frameworks use an all-or-nothing approach that is inadequate for sensitive content that may be shared by multiple users. In this paper, we propose a FGAC mechanism based on selective encryption techniques. Using this approach, the owner of a file specifies access control policies over various byte ranges in the file. The separate byte ranges are then encrypted and signed with different keys. Users of the file only receive the encryption keys for the ranges they are authorized to read and signing keys for the ranges they are authorized to write. We also propose an optional enhancement of the scheme where a file owner can hide location of the file. Our approach includes a key distribution scheme based on a public key infrastructure (PKI) and access control vectors. We also discuss how policy changes and file modifications are handled in our scheme. We have integrated our FGAC mechanism with the Chord structured P2P network. In this paper, we discuss relevant issues concerning the implementation and integration with Chord and present the performance results for our prototype implementation. I.
MPLS over WDM network design with packet level QoS constraints based on ILP models (2004)

MPLS (multiprotocol label switching) over WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) networks are gaining significant attention due to the efficiency in resource utilization that can be achieved by jointly considering the two network layers. This paper addresses the design of MPLS over WDM networks, where some of the WDM nodes may not have packet switching capabilities. Given the WDM network topology and the offered traffic matrix, which includes the location of the edge LSRs (label switched routers), we jointly determine the location of the core LSRs (i.e. the core WDM nodes that also need to include packet switching capabilities) and the lightpath routes (which are terminated on the LSRs) that minimize the total network cost. We consider constraints both at the optical and packet layers: an MPLS hop constraint on the maximum number of LSRs traversed by each LSP (label switched path), which guarantees a given packet level QoS, and a WDM path constraint on the maximum length of lightpaths, which accommodates the optical transmission impairments. A novel integer linear programming (ILP) formulation based on an hop-indexed approach, which we call the HOP model, is proposed. A two-phase heuristic, derived from a decomposition of the HOP model in two simpler ILP models that are solved sequentially, is also developed. The computational results show that the heuristic is efficient and produces good quality solutions, as assessed by the lower bounds computed from the HOP model. In some cases, the optimal solution is obtained with the branch-and-bound method.
Quantifying the dynamic interactions between a clathrin-coated pit and cargo molecules (2013)

Clathrin-mediated endocytosis takes place through the recruitment of cargo molecules into a growing clathrin-coated pit (CCP). Despite the importance of this process to all mammalian cells, little is yet known about the interaction dynamics between cargo and CCPs. These interactions are difficult to study because CCPs display a large degree of lifetime heterogeneity and the interactions with cargo molecules are time dependent. We use single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, in combination with automatic detection and tracking algorithms, to directly visualize the recruitment of individual voltage-gated potassium channels into forming CCPs in living cells. We observe association and dissociation of individual channels with a CCP and, occasionally, their internalization. Contrary to widespread ideas, cargo often escapes from a pit before abortive CCP termination or endocytic vesicle production. Thus, the binding times of cargo molecules associating to CCPs are much shorter than the overall endocytic process. By measuring tens of thousands of capturing events, we build the distribution of capture times and the times that cargo remains confined to a CCP. An analytical stochastic model is developed and compared with the measured distributions. Due to the dynamic nature of the pit, the model is non-Markovian and it displays long-tail power law statistics. The measured distributions and model predictions are in excellent agreement over more than five orders of magnitude. Our findings identify one source of the large heterogeneities in CCP dynamics and provide a mechanism for the anomalous diffusion of proteins in the plasma membrane.
Bruce L. Danto, M.D.: A Street Smart Forensic Psychiatrist (1999)

Abstract Bruce L. Danto, M.D.: A Street Smart Forensic Psychiatrist
Abstract 4380: IACS-10759: A novel OXPHOS inhibitor which selectively kill tumors with metabolic vulnerabilities (2015)

Abstract Tumor cells normally depend on both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to provide the energy and macromolecule building blocks needed to enable continued tumor cell growth. Genetic or epigenetic inactivation of one of these two redundant pathways represents a metabolic vulnerability that should be susceptible to an inhibitor of the other pathway. Through an extensive medicinal chemistry campaign, IACS-10759 was identified as a potent inhibitor of complex I of oxidative phosphorylation. In isolated mitochondria or permeabilized cells, ATP production or oxygen consumption was inhibited at single digit nM concentrations in the presence of malate/glutamate, but not succinate. More directly, IACS-10759 inhibited the conversion of NADH to NAD+ in an immunoprecipitated complex I assay at low nM concentrations. Using genetic and pharmacological approaches, the specific complex I subunit inhibited by IACS-10759 has been identified and the mechanism of complex I inhibition is being investigated. Importantly, IACS-10759 is orally bioavailable with excellent physicochemical properties in preclinical species and achieved significant in vivo efficacy with daily oral dosing of 10-25 mg/kg. Specifically, there was a &gt;50 day extension of median survival in an orthotopic AML cell line xenograft and robust regression in DLBCL and GBM xenograft models. In light of these results, as well as its drug like profile IACS-10759 has entered IND enabling studies with first-in-human studies targeted for third quarter of 2015. Citation Format: Marina Protopopova, Madhavi Bandi, Jennifer Bardenhagen, Christopher Bristow, Christopher Carroll, Edward Chang, Ningping Feng, Jason Gay, Mary Geck Do, Jennifer Greer, Marina Konopleva, Polina Matre, Zhijun Kang, Gang Liu, Florian Muller, Timothy Lofton, Timothy McAfoos, Yuting Sun, Melinda Smith, Jay Theroff, Yuanqiang Wu, Lynda Chin, Giulio Draetta, Philip Jones, Carlo Toniatti, M. Emilia Di Francesco, Joseph R. Marszalek. IACS-10759: A novel OXPHOS inhibitor which selectively kill tumors with metabolic vulnerabilities. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4380. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4380
Preparation and Optical Properties of PbI_2 Films by Electron Beam Evaporation Technique (2010)

Optical properties of PbI2 films deposited by electron beam evaporation technique under different conditions were investigated. The XRD results reveal that the prepared samples are hexagonal polycrystalline structure. The EDX analysis shows iodine content of the samples decreases to be stoichiometric as the substrate temperature increasing. The UV-vis spectra of the samples show the film's transmittance performance improved as the substrate temperature increasing. The long tail extending to the low energy side of the absorption edge gradually disappears due to the improvement of crystal quality. Furthermore,the thickness,refractive index,absorption coefficient and band gap of the films were calculated also. It is found that the refractive index and band gap of the samples fluctuated as the substrate temperature increasing,but the absorption coefficient exhibits monotone increasing. Additionally,when the substrate temperature fixed,the sample has the all maximum absorption coefficient as source-to-substrate distance is 35 cm,which is attributed to the high density of the series of samples.
Synthesis and characterization of multiblock copolymers based on <scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid, citric acid, and poly(ethylene glycol) (2003)

Abstract Because poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA) is a biodegradable polyester with low immunogenicity and good biocompatibility, it is used as a biomaterial. However, hydrophobic PLLA does not have any reactive groups. Thus, its application is limited. To increase the hydrophilicity of PLLA and accelerate its degradation rate, functionalized pendant groups and blocks were introduced through copolymerization with citric acid and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), respectively. This article describes the synthesis and characterization of poly( L ‐lactic‐ co ‐citric acid) (PLCA)‐PLLA and PLCA‐PEG multiblock copolymers. The results indicated that the hydrolysis rate was enhanced, and the hydrophilicity was improved because of the incorporation of carboxyl groups in PLCA‐PLLA. The joining of the PEG block led to improved hydrophilicity of PLCA, and the degradation rate of PLCA‐PEG accelerated as compared with that of PLCA‐PLLA. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 2073–2081, 2003
Mercury as a Global Pollutant: Sources, Pathways, and Effects (2013)

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant that affects human and ecosystem health. We synthesize understanding of sources, atmosphere-land-ocean Hg dynamics and health effects, and consider the implications of Hg-control policies. Primary anthropogenic Hg emissions greatly exceed natural geogenic sources, resulting in increases in Hg reservoirs and subsequent secondary Hg emissions that facilitate its global distribution. The ultimate fate of emitted Hg is primarily recalcitrant soil pools and deep ocean waters and sediments. Transfers of Hg emissions to largely unavailable reservoirs occur over the time scale of centuries, and are primarily mediated through atmospheric exchanges of wet/dry deposition and evasion from vegetation, soil organic matter and ocean surfaces. A key link between inorganic Hg inputs and exposure of humans and wildlife is the net production of methylmercury, which occurs mainly in reducing zones in freshwater, terrestrial, and coastal environments, and the subsurface ocean. Elevated human exposure to methylmercury primarily results from consumption of estuarine and marine fish. Developing fetuses are most at risk from this neurotoxin but health effects of highly exposed populations and wildlife are also a concern. Integration of Hg science with national and international policy efforts is needed to target efforts and evaluate efficacy.
Transdifferentiation of rat hepatocytes into biliary cells after bile duct ligation and toxic biliary injury† (2005)

Rats with chimeric livers were generated by using the protocol of injecting hepatocytes from dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV)-positive donors into retrorsine-treated DPPIV-negative recipients subjected to partial hepatectomy. Rats with established chimeric livers were subjected to bile duct ligation, with or without pretreatment with the biliary toxin methylene diamiline (DAPM). Ductules bearing the donor hepatocyte marker DPPIV were seen at 30 days after bile duct ligation. The frequency of the ductules derived from the donor hepatocytes was dramatically enhanced (36-fold) by the pretreatment with DAPM. In conclusion, our results show that hepatocytes can function as facultative stem cells and rescue the biliary epithelium during repair from injury when its proliferative capacity is being compromised.
An incremental redundancy hybrid ARQ scheme using punctured MDS codes for frequency-hopping channels (2003)

An analytical method is developed for an incremental redundancy hybrid ARQ scheme using punctured MDS codes, which was originally proposed by Mandelbaum, on frequency-hopping channels. We derive expressions for throughput and the average number of packet transmissions required to be received correctly. The effect of a header in a packet is also taken into account. The derived expressions are examined for two types of redundancy partitioning: (i) equal-packet-length, and (ii) homogeneous-redundancy. It is shown from numerical results that the homogeneous-redundancy partitioning with appropriate parameters slightly outperforms the equal-packet-length partitioning.
Stretchable Capacitive Strain Sensors Based on a Novel Polymer Composite Blend (2017)

Wearable sensors, capable of detecting various motions of the human body, present unique opportunities for the development of advanced electronic interfaces. Such sensors have widespread applications in robotics, medicine, and electronic gaming. Capacitive sensors have numerous advantages. They are physically robust, can be constructed from a variety of materials in different shapes and sizes, and have the potential of be manufactured at low cost. Here, we present two a capacitive strain gauges based on a novel silver-polymer composite material. The first sensor utilized an interdigitated finger pattern, which changed capacitance during tensile strain. The silver-polymer composite was used as the conductive filler material while the commercially available silicone elastomer Ecoflex® served as both the dielectric material and substrate. The silver-polymer composite was prepared by dispersing silver flakes into a mixture of polyvinyl alcohol, poly(3,4-ethyl-ene-dioxythiophene) (PEDOT): Poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS), and phosphoric acid. The second sensor utilized a parallel plate capacitor configuration with the silver-polymer composite serving as the conducting plates and urethane adhesive (Ure-Bond®) as the dielectric material. Mechanical and electrical performance of both sensors, along with fabrication techniques, will be discussed.
Biodegradable vascular stents with high tensile and compressive strength: a novel strategy for applying monofilaments via solid-state drawing and shaped-annealing processes (2017)

Monofilaments such as those consisting of polyamide (PA), polydioxanone (PDS), and poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), have been commonly used in various industries. However, most are non-biodegradable, which is unfavorable for many biomedical applications. Although biodegradable polymers offer significant benefits, they are still limited by their weak mechanical properties, which is an obstacle for use as a biomaterial that requires high strength. To overcome the current limitations of biodegradable monofilaments, a novel solid-state drawing (SSD) process was designed to significantly improve the mechanical properties of both PA and poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) monofilaments in this study. Both PA and PLLA monofilaments exhibited more than two-fold increased tensile strength and a highly reduced thickness using SSD. In X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analyses, it was determined that SSD could not only promote the α-crystal phase, but also smoothen the surface of PLLA monofilaments. To apply SSD-monofilaments with superior properties to cardiovascular stents, a shaped-annealing (SA) process was designed as the follow-up process after SSD. Using this process, three types of vascular stents could be fabricated, composed of SSD-monofilaments: double-helix, single-spring and double-spring shaped stents. The annealing temperature was optimized at 80 °C to minimize the loss of mechanical and physical properties of SSD-monofilaments for secondary processing. All three types of vascular stents were tested according to ISO 25539-2. Consequently, it was confirmed that spring-shaped stents had good recovery rate values and a high compressive modulus. In conclusion, this study showed significantly improved mechanical properties of both tensile and compressive strength simultaneously and extended the potential for biomedical applications of monofilaments.
Specific ribonuclease activities in spinach chloroplasts promote mRNA maturation and degradation. (1991)

We have used an in vitro system to characterize ribonuclease activities present in spinach chloroplasts. We show that 3' end maturation of petD mRNA, which encodes subunit IV of the cytochrome b6/f complex, is affected by a 33-kDa protein that binds to a hairpin structure at the 3' end of the mature mRNA. Binding of the 33-kDa protein to the petD hairpin structure decreases the efficiency of 3' end maturation, probably by impeding the progress of the processive 3'-5' exonuclease activity involved in chloroplast mRNA processing. A two-base mutation in the stem of the petD hairpin structure creates a novel recognition site for a ribonuclease which competes with the normal processing exonuclease activity. This mutation results in a very low 3' end processing efficiency for mutant petD transcripts, and instead generates a second processing product that lacks a complete hairpin structure. An endonuclease activity which is biochemically distinct from the previously characterized exonuclease activities has also been identified. This endonuclease activity is EDTA-insensitive, and cleaves petD RNA both at the termination codon and at the mature RNA 3' end. Cleavage of petD mRNA at the termination codon leads to rapid degradation of upstream RNA. The possible roles of these ribonuclease activities in chloroplast mRNA decay in vivo are discussed.
The Efficacy of Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for the Treatment of Ventricular Tachycardia Associated With Cardiomyopathy (1997)

We performed radiofrequency catheter ablation (RF ablation) for ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 2 patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and 1 patient with arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia (ARVD). Patient 1 had incessant VT associated with DCM. RF ablation was performed where diastolic potentials were recorded and concealed entrainment was demonstrated. VT was terminated by RF ablation. Patient 2 had drug-resistant VT associated with ARVD. RF ablation was performed where perfect pace-mapping was obtained during sinus rhythm, diastolic potentials were recorded and concealed entrainment was demonstrated. VT was terminated by RF ablation. Patient 3 had 2 morphologically distinct VTs associated with DCM. The target for RF ablation was 1 of the 2, which was a drug-resistant type. Perfect pace mapping was obtained where delayed potentials were recorded. As the current strength of pacing was reduced, the QRS complex configuration switched to the other type. This site was thought to be the common slow conduction zone for the re-entry circuit of the 2 types and RF ablation was performed at this site. In these 3 cases, VT did not recur after ablation. RF ablation is effective for the treatment of VT associated with cardiomyopathy.
On Efficient Clock Drift Prediction Means and their Applicability to IEEE 802.15.4 (2010)

Sensor nodes compensate clock drift with guard times (GT), which results in idle listening. By applying prediction methods nodes can limit drift uncertainty for upcoming frames and shorten GT. However, a common solution based on linear regression requires floating-point arithmetic, i.e. large computation and memory overhead. We present an approach for drift prediction based on moving average, which works well with basic mathematical operations. It achieves similar accuracy to linear regression in indoor environments (the standard deviation of the drift prediction is less than a clock tick for 1-minute period) and even better results on some nodes outdoors. Moreover, it needs only 3 previous drift samples for accurate drift estimations. Our two-week drift experiments revealed that in outdoor scenarios nodes received 99% of frames with GT 8× shorter than the worst case. We exploit the idea of deliberately giving up the reception of approx. 1% of frames in order to use very short GT and to reduce idle listening. After applying our drift prediction approach we shortened GT by 95%. It results in 10% lifetime gain for IEEE 802.15.4.
Evidence suggesting the existence of stem cells for the human corneal endothelium. (2005)

It is suggested stem-like cells may be sequestered in a niche at the junctional region where the corneal endothelial cells and the trabecular meshwork come together. These putative stem cells may supply new cells for both the corneal endothelium and the trabeculae. Evidence suggests that cells from this area migrate (perhaps as transient amplifying cells) to the endothelial periphery and, perhaps, to wounded areas of the corneal endothelium when needed. The migration may not be constant and may be age dependent.
Mixture-of-Parts Pictorial Structures for Objects with Variable Part Sets (2007)

For many multi-part object classes, the set of parts can vary not only in location but also in type. For example, player formations in American football involve various subsets of player types, and the spatial constraints among players depend largely upon which subset of player types constitutes the formation. In this work, we study the problem of localizing and classifying the parts of such objects. Pictorial structures provide an efficient and robust mechanism for localizing object parts. Unfortunately, these models assume that each object instance involves the same set of parts, making it difficult to apply them directly in our setting. With this motivation, we introduce the mixture-of-parts pictorial structure (MoPPS) model, which is characterized by three components: a set of available parts, a set of constraints that specify legal part subsets, and a function that returns a pictorial structure for any legal part subset. MoPPS inference corresponds to jointly computing the most likely subset of parts and their positions. We propose a restricted, but useful, representation for MoPPS models that facilitates inference via branch-and-bound optimization, which we show is efficient in practice. Experiments in the challenging domain of American football show the effectiveness of the model and inference procedure.