gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-managing, disconnected processes and mechanisms for mobile e-business (2002)

With the tremendous advances in hand-held computing and communication capabilities, rapid proliferation of mobile devices, and decreasing device costs, we are seeing a growth in mobile e-business in various consumer and business markets. In this paper, we present a novel architecture and framework for end-to-end mobile e-business applications such as purchasing, retail point of sales, and order management. The design takes into consideration disconnection, application context and failure modes to provide mobile users with seamless and transparent access to commerce and content activities. In our architecture, we consider a novel business process design based on state-machines and event management to handle disconnection and resource limitations. We designed, implemented and deployed a system for mobile e-business on clients integrated with private exchanges and sell-side servers. The e-business framework on mobile clients is implemented based on J2ME and open XML standards. A performance study of simple e-business transactions was done on the client using the above mechanisms and programming environment. We show that the performance of a purchasing process using the framework does reasonably well.
Unbiased corneal tissue analysis using Gabor-domain optical coherence microscopy and machine learning for automatic segmentation of corneal endothelial cells (2020)

Automated endothelial cell counting on GDOCM images with large field of view eliminates selection bias and reduces sampling error, which both affect the gold standard of manual counting on SM images.
Entoptic evaluation of diabetic retinopathy. (1997)

More than half the untrained patients with diabetes were able to visualize their own parafoveal retinopathy entoptically, and most untrained patients with diabetes and control subjects where able to quantify the size of their FAZ. Patients and control subjects without parafoveal defects rarely report defects not visible photographically. Patients can be trained to detect their defects. Clinical entoptic monitoring will require verification that patients can detect changes in their retinopathy. Entoptic testing is low cost, noninvasive, and can be performed as often as needed at no risk to the patient. It is, therefore, a promising research technique for subjective monitoring of the early natural history of parafoveal area disease processes.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Ricin: <i>In Vitro</i> Inhibition of Toxicity and Utility as Diagnostic Reagents (2005)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) against ricin toxin (RT) and its subunits were produced in mice. The MAbs were initially selected based upon the ability to either bind ricin or the individual subunits in a solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Several candidates were selected for further evaluation, including their ability to inhibit ricin intoxication in vitro and their utility as immunodiagnostic reagents. Although their ability to capture antigen when bound to the solid phase was poor, some MAbs demonstrated potential utility as detection reagents in solid-phase immunoassays. Several MAbs were also able to inhibit ricin-mediated eukaryotic cell cytotoxicity in vitro. These MAbs may prove useful for preventing and/or treating ricin intoxication.
Efficient Synthesis of Glucosyl-β-Cyclodextrin from Maltodextrins by Combined Action of Cyclodextrin Glucosyltransferase and Amyloglucosidase (2017)

Instead of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), branched β-CDs have been increasingly used in many aspects as they possess better solubility and higher bioadaptability. But most commercialized branched β-CDs were chemically synthesized. Thus, the glucosyl-β-cyclodextrin (G<sub>1</sub>-β-CD) prepared via enzymatic approach could be a nice substitute. However, the yield of G<sub>1</sub>-β-CD was low. Here, we reported a controlled two-step reaction to efficiently prepare G<sub>1</sub>-β-CD from maltodextrins by β-cyclodextrin glucosyltransferase (β-CGTase) and amyloglucosidase (AG). Compared to the single β-CGTase reaction, controlled two-step reaction caused a yield increase of G<sub>1</sub>-β-CD by 130%. Additionally, the percentage of G<sub>1</sub>-β-CD was enhanced from 2.4% to 24.0% and the side products α-CD and γ-CD were hydrolyzed because of the coupling activity of β-CGTase. Thus, this controlled two-step reaction might be an efficient approach for industrial production of pure G<sub>1</sub>-β-CD.
High-Power Continuous-Wave Single-Longitudinal-Mode Operation of an Optically Pumped DFB Laser at $\lambda \sim 3.64~ \mu$m (2008)

High-power continuous-wave (CW) single-longitudinal-mode emission at 3.64 mum is obtained from an optically pumped distributed-feedback (DFB) laser. The Bragg stopband and two degenerate DFB modes are observed at certain pump powers. The laser incorporates 14 InAs-InGaSb-InAs type-II quantum wells imbedded in an InGaAsSb waveguide. The index-coupled 1-D grating is fabricated in the top clad using interference lithography and plasma etching. A 110-mum-wide stripe from a 1.9-mum CW laser provides both optical pumping and gain guiding. Record high output power of more than 560 mW per side is obtained at 80 K. The wavelength is tunable over a 6.8-nm range by varying the pump power from 1 to 8.1 W.
Topside Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Subsea Wells (2020)

Abstract Topside interrogation for distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) of subsea wells for vertical seismic profiling (VSP), well integrity, and sand control requires optical engineering solutions to compensate for the insertion losses and back reflections accumulated through umbilicals, multiple wet- and dry-mate optical connectors, splices, optical feedthrough systems, and downhole sensing fiber and wet mates. Moreover, the acoustic bandwidth is inherently limited by the total length of the sensing fiber. To obviate these problems, we describe a subsea fiber topology with two ultralow loss transmission fibers from the topside to a remote optical circulator deployed in the optical flying lead at the subsea tree. This limits the sensing fiber portion of the total fiber length to the fiber located below the remote circulator, and eliminates all back reflections from the multiple subsea connectors above the remote circulator. The receiver arm in the DAS interrogator only senses pure backscatter light from below the circulator. The pulse repetition rate is only constrained by the fiber length below the remote circulator, thus enabling dry-tree equivalent acoustic bandwidths of 10+ kHz regardless of the tie-back distance. This yields significant signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement via stacking and selective amplification, while further enabling sensing of high-frequency acoustic events occurring inside or in the vicinity of the wellbore. A fiber with enhanced back-reflectance is deployed in both the upper and lower completions inside a triple-tube cable design that provides a hydrogen-permeation barrier to delay onset of hydrogen-induced attenuation. Results from various laboratory and field trials are shown to validate system performance.
Dimensional measurement of micro parts with high aspect ratio in HIT-UOI (2016)

Micro parts with high aspect ratios have been widely used in different fields including aerospace and defense industries, while the dimensional measurement of these micro parts becomes a challenge in the field of precision measurement and instrument. To deal with this contradiction, several probes for the micro parts precision measurement have been proposed by researchers in Center of Ultra-precision Optoelectronic Instrument (UOI), Harbin Institute of Technology (HIT). In this paper, optical fiber probes with structures of spherical coupling(SC) with double optical fibers, micro focal-length collimation (MFL-collimation) and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) are described in detail. After introducing the sensing principles, both advantages and disadvantages of these probes are analyzed respectively. In order to improve the performances of these probes, several approaches are proposed. A two-dimensional orthogonal path arrangement is propounded to enhance the dimensional measurement ability of MFL-collimation probes, while a high resolution and response speed interrogation method based on differential method is used to improve the accuracy and dynamic characteristics of the FBG probes. The experiments for these special structural fiber probes are given with a focus on the characteristics of these probes, and engineering applications will also be presented to prove the availability of them. In order to improve the accuracy and the instantaneity of the engineering applications, several techniques are used in probe integration. The effectiveness of these fiber probes were therefore verified through both the analysis and experiments.
High-power and high-efficiency midwave-infrared interband cascade lasers (2006)

A ten-stage interband cascade laser emitting at 3.3–3.6μm exhibits a voltage drop only 4% above the theoretical minimum, and operates to room temperature in pulsed mode. At 78K, a five-stage device mounted epitaxial-side-up with coated facets has a maximum cw wallplug efficiency of 21%, and a second device produces up to 1.1W of cw power.
AUTOGENIC-FEEDBACK TRAINING AS A TREATMENT FOR AIRSICKNESS IN HIGH- PERFORMANCE MILITARY AIRCRAFT TWO CASE STUDIES. (1994)

The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed description of the physiological and performance responses of two military pilots undergoing a treatment for motion sickness. The treatment used, Autogenic-Feedback Training (AFT), is an operant conditioning procedure where subjects are taught to control several of their autonomic responses and thereby suppress their motion sickness symptoms. Two male, active duty military pilots (U.S. Navy and U. S. Marine Corps), ages 30 and 35, were each given twelve 30-minute training sessions. The primary criterion for success of training was the subject's ability to tolerate rotating chair motion sickness tests for progressively longer periods of time and at higher rotational velocities. A standardized diagnostic scale was used during motion sickness to assess changes in the subject's perceived malaise. Physiological data were obtained from one pilot during tactical maneuvers in an F-18 aircraft after completion of his training. A significant increase in tolerance to laboratory-induced motion sickness tests and a reduction in autonomic nervous system (ANS) response variability was observed for both subjects after training. Both pilots were successful in applying AFT for controlling their airsickness during subsequent qualification tests on F-18 and T-38 aircraft and were returned to active duty flight status.
Alloying of a Less Noble Metal in Electrodeposited Cu Through Underpotential Deposition (1995)

Underpotential deposition of Pb or Sn on Cu can be used to produce electroplated Cu‐Pb and Cu‐Sn alloys, with small amounts of alloyed Pb and Sn, from acid solutions that do not contain complexants. Such alloys are of interest as possible on‐chip wiring for very large scale integration; the content of alloying agent must be kept small in order to maintain a low resistivity. The primary requirement for the formation of the alloys is that the deposition process occur in the range of underpotential deposition (UPD); this requirement can be met in solutions of methane sulfonic acid (MSA). Both Pb(II) and Sn(II) depolarize Cu deposition from MSA; the Sn(II) is the weaker depolarizer. Thus, in the absence of other additions to the Cu(II)/MSA solution, electrodeposition proceeds in the UPD range in the presence of Pb(II), producing a Cu‐Pb alloy, but positive to the UPD range in the presence of Sn(II), producing pure Cu. The deposition potential can be manipulated by addition agents in solution. A direct relationship exists between the potential and the amount of incorporated Pb or Sn for all solution compositions and plating conditions, provided that the solution does not contain strongly adsorbing species that interfere with the UPD process. The minor component has been shown to be incorporated in the metallic state, even though the deposition potential is positive to its reversible potential.
Masked oral prodrugs of toll-like receptor 7 agonists: a new approach for the treatment of infectious disease. (2006)

Toll-like receptor (TLR)7 is a pattern-recognition receptor that activates the innate immune response. Stimulation of TLR7 induces type I interferons, pro-inflammatory cytokines, the upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and leads to the development of an adaptive immune response. Small-molecule TLR7 agonists with broad-spectrum antiviral activities in animal models have been identified. Such compounds have been examined clinically for a number of different infectious disease indications, leading to marketing approval of one of these agents, imiquimod, for the topical treatment of external genital and perianal papillomavirus infections. In contrast with topical and intravenous routes of administration, compounds delivered orally have exhibited poor tolerability at desired doses, with substantial adverse events associated with gastrointestinal toxicity. However, dosing with masked oral prodrugs of TLR7 agonists, such as ANA-975, limits the adverse events associated with the activation of responsive gastrointestinal immune tissue. As a consequence, the treatment of systemic diseases, such as chronic hepatitis C, can now be explored with orally administered TLR7 agonists.
Differentiation of epidemic-associated strains of Listeria monocytogenes by restriction fragment length polymorphism in a gene region essential for growth at low temperatures (4 degrees C) (1995)

The growth of Listeria monocytogenes in food stored in the cold has often been implicated in outbreaks of listeriosis. Many subtyping schemes have suggested that epidemic-associated strains belong to a unique genetic group. It has not yet been possible, however, to identify molecular or bacteriologic markers unique to epidemic-associated strains. Recently we cloned three genes of L. monocytogenes, ltrA, ltrB, and ltrC, which are essential for growth at low temperatures (4 degrees C). The use of a 1.2-kb PstI fragment derived from ltrB as a probe in Southern blots of HindIII-digested DNA revealed three hybridization patterns: the first (a 5.0-kb band) was observed in strains of serotypes 4b, 1/2b, and 3b; the second (a 3.1-kb band) was seen in strains of serotypes 1/2a, 3a, 1/2c, and 3c; and the third (a 9.5-kb band) was characteristic of epidemic-associated serotype 4b strains. These and other data suggest that probes derived from this gene region that is essential for growth at low temperatures can be useful molecular tools for the subtyping of strains implicated in food-borne listeriosis.
Origin of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) from swine affected by PCV2‐associated diseases in Croatia (2014)

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) causes some of the most significant economic losses in pig production. Several multisystemic syndromes have been attributed to PCV2 infection, which are known as PCV2-associated diseases (PCVDs). This study investigated the origin and evolution of PCV2 sequences in domestic pigs and wild boars affected by PCVDs in Croatia. Viral sequences were recovered from three wild boars diagnosed with PCV2-systemic disease (PCV2-SD), 63 fetuses positive for PCV2 DNA as determined by PCR, 14 domestic pigs affected with PCV2-SD (displaying severe interstitial nephritis) and five domestic pigs with proliferative and necrotising pneumonia. Seventeen complete PCV2 genomes were recovered. Phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses based on median-joining phylogenetic networks, amino acid alignments and principal coordinate analysis were performed using complete genomes, as well as complete and partial ORF sequences for ORF1 and ORF2. Two of the 17 PCV2 sequences belonged to PCV2a, 14 to PCV2b and one was unclustered. PCV2b was the predominant genotype in Croatia and has been linked to international trade as a route of introduction. Correlation between particular viral strains with PCVDs is lacking.
PRISC software acceleration techniques (2002)

Programmable reduced instruction set computers (PRISC) are a new class of computers which can offer a programmable functional unit (PFU) in the context of a RISC datapath. PRISC create application-specific instructions to accelerate the performance for a particular application. Our previous work has demonstrated that peephole optimizations in a compiler can utilize PFU resources to accelerate the performance of general purpose programs. However these compiler optimizations are limited by the structure of the input source code. This work generalizes on our previous work, and demonstrates that the performance of general abstract data types such as short-set vectors, hash tables, and finite state machines is significantly accelerated (250%-500%) by using PFU resources. Thus, a wide variety of end-user applications can be specifically designed to use PFU resources to accelerate performance. Results from applications in the domain of computer-aided design (CAD) are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of our techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feasibility of a synthetic aperture radar with rotating antennas (ROSAR) (2002)

ROSAR (rotor-SAR) is a synthetic aperture radar concept for pilot sight target detection and target localization with high resolution. ROSAR is based on illuminating/receiving antennas placed at the tips of helicopter rotor blades. The ROSAR concept has potential benefits for civil and military helicopter-borne imaging applications. The concept has two main potential benefits: the imaging field of view is 360 degrees , and there is no need for a forward velocity of the carrier platform. As opposed to SAR systems based on linear movement of the antenna, ROSAR imaging is based on synthetic apertures of a circular shape. Thus, the image formation process requires a polar format processing architecture.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An Arginine-Rich Motif in the ORF2 capsid protein regulates the hepatitis E virus lifecycle and interactions with the host cell (2022)

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Hepatitis E is usually asymptomatic and self-limiting but it can become chronic in immunocompromised patients and is associated with increased fulminant hepatic failure and mortality rates in pregnant women. HEV genome encodes three proteins including the ORF2 protein that is the viral capsid protein. Interestingly, HEV produces 3 isoforms of the ORF2 capsid protein which are partitioned in different subcellular compartments and perform distinct functions in the HEV lifecycle. Notably, the infectious ORF2 (ORF2i) protein is the structural component of virions, whereas the genome-free secreted and glycosylated ORF2 proteins likely act as a humoral immune decoy. Here, by using a series of ORF2 capsid protein mutants expressed in the infectious genotype 3 p6 HEV strain as well as chimeras between ORF2 and the CD4 glycoprotein, we demonstrated how an Arginine-Rich Motif (ARM) located in the ORF2 N-terminal region controls the fate and functions of ORF2 isoforms. We showed that the ARM controls ORF2 nuclear translocation likely to promote regulation of host antiviral responses. This motif also regulates the dual topology and functionality of ORF2 signal peptide, leading to the production of either cytosolic infectious ORF2i or reticular non-infectious glycosylated ORF2 forms. It serves as maturation site of glycosylated ORF2 by furin, and promotes ORF2-host cell membrane interactions. The identification of ORF2 ARM as a unique central regulator of the HEV lifecycle uncovers how viruses settle strategies to condense their genetic information and hijack cellular processes.
Reconfiguring the RUM experiment to test circular scanning with rotating unbalanced-mass devices on gimbaled payloads (1992)

This paper describes a ground-based experiment designed to prove the concept of circular scanning a gimbaled payload with rotating unbalanced-mass (RUM) devices. The experiment is a modified version of a similar experiment which demonstrates line and raster scanning with RUM's. In this paper, a description of the experiment hardware is presented and a detailed design of the servos used in scanning is given. A computer simulation model of the entire system is discussed and simulation results are included. These verify the servo designs and show the RUM's to be an extremely power efficient method for circular scanning.
Lithium Plating Behavior in Lithium-Ion Cells (2010)

A Li-ion cell does not contain metallic lithium under normal conditions of operation. Under strenuous charge conditions, however, metallic lithium may deposit on the carbon anode in preference to lithium intercalation and may cause problems in terms of performance, reliability and safety of the cell. Factors that affect the anode polarization and also Li intercalation kinetics play a crucial role in determining the propensity for such lithium deposition. Such factors include the nature of electrolyte, anode/cathode capacity ration, which have been studied with specific examples here. Further, various prototype cells from different manufacturers have been examined for their susceptibility towards lithium plating from a set of systematic charge/discharge tests at different charge rates and temperatures.
A bifunctional DNA binding region in Tn<i>5</i> transposase (2007)

Tn5 transposition is a complicated process that requires the formation of a highly ordered protein-DNA structure, a synaptic complex, to catalyse the movement of a sequence of DNA (transposon) into a target DNA. Much is known about the structure of the synaptic complex and the positioning of protein-DNA contacts, although many protein-DNA contacts remain largely unstudied. In particular, there is little evidence for the positioning of donor DNA and target DNA. In this communication, we describe the isolation and analysis of mutant transposases that have, for the first time, provided genetic and biochemical evidence for the stage-specific positioning of both donor and target DNAs within the synaptic complex. Furthermore, we have provided evidence that some of the amino acids that contact donor DNA also contact target DNA, and therefore suggest that these amino acids help define a bifunctional DNA binding region responsible for these two transposase-DNA binding events.