gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Incorporation of a GPI-anchored engineered cytokine as a molecular adjuvant enhances the immunogenicity of HIV VLPs (2015)

HIV vaccines should elicit immune responses at both the mucosal portals of entry to block transmission and systemic compartments to clear disseminated viruses. Co-delivery of mucosal adjuvants has been shown to be essential to induce effective mucosal immunity by non-replicating vaccines. A novel cytokine, GIFT4, engineered by fusing GM-CSF and interleukin-4, was previously found to simulate B cell proliferation and effector function. Herein a membrane-anchored form of GIFT4 was constructed by fusing a glycolipid (GPI)-anchoring sequence and incorporated into Env-enriched HIV virus-like particles (VLPs) as a molecular adjuvant. Guinea pigs were immunized with the resulting HIV VLPs through an intramuscular priming-intranasal boosting immunization route. The GIFT4-containing VLPs induced higher levels of systemic antibody responses with significantly increased binding avidity and improved neutralizing breadth and potency to a panel of selected strains, as well as higher levels of IgG and IgA at several mucosal sites. Thus, the novel GPI-GIFT4-containging VLPs have the potential to be developed into a prophylactic HIV vaccine. Incorporation of GPI-anchored GIFT4 into VLPs as a molecular adjuvant represents a novel approach to increase their immunogenicity.
High-gain coefficient long-wavelength-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier using 1530-nm band pump (2001)

A 1530-nm band has been studied as a pump wavelength for the long-wavelength-band erbium-doped fiber amplifier (L-band EDFA). The pump source is built using a tunable light source and cascaded conventional-band (C-band) EDFA. The L-band EDFA uses a forward pumping scheme. Within the 1530-nm band, the 1545-nm pump demonstrates 0.45-dB/mW gain coefficient, which is twice better than that of conventional 1480-nm pumped EDFA. The noise figure of the 1530-nm pump is at worst 6.36 dB, which is 0.75 dB higher than that of the 1480-nm pumped EDFA. Such high-gain coefficient indicates that the L-band EDFA consumes low power.
Measuring Intracranial Pressure And Volume Noninvasively (1994)

Ultrasonic technique eliminates need to drill into brain cavity. Intracranial dynamics instrument probes cranium ultrasonically to obtain data for determination of intracranial pressure (ICP) and pressure-volume index (PVI). Instrument determines sensitivity of skull to changes in pressure and by use of mechanical device to exert external calibrated pressure on skull. By monitoring volume of blood flowing into jugular vein, one determines change of volume of blood in cranial system. By measuring response of skull to increasing pressure (where pressure increased by tilting patient known amount) and by using cranial blood pressure, one determines intial pressure in cerebrospinal fluid. Once PVI determined, ICP determined.
A modified high‐output, size‐selective aerosol generator (1997)

Abstract A compact and commercial aerosol generator capable of generating narrowly size‐distributed aerosols with high mass concentrations was designed, fabricated and tested. The aerosol generator, consisting of a Delavan simplex nozzle (Model 30610‐4), an L‐shaped settling chamber and a virtual impactor with a clean air core, was modified and improved from Chein and Lundgren 's work [20] to be more compact and readily commercial. The performance of the aerosol generator was evaluated using corn‐oil, sodium chloride and uranine solutions. The results indicated that the cornoil droplets produced by the generator had a mass medium aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) of 7.20 ± 0.32 μm with a geometric standard deviation (GSD) of 1.48 ± 0.01 and the aerosol generation rate was 13.8 ± 1.3 mg/min. Solid aerosols generated from NaCl solution were found to have an MMAD in the range 1.39–4.88 μm with a GSD of 1.34–1.47 with the volumetric solution concentration varying from 0.1% to 9%. At the same time, the aerosol generation rate varied from 0.27 ± 0.05 to 15.8 ± 1.8 mg/min. depending on the solution concentration and the particle size produced. In addition, a 0.01% uraniane solution was tested to generate a submicron aerosol with an MMAD of 0.93 μm and a GSD of 1.48.
Geophysical benefits from an improved seismic vibrator (2011)

ABSTRACT The seismic vibrator has become a very important source for land data acquisition and there have been dramatic improvements in recent times in the application of the vibroseis technique. These improvements have led to much increased productivity and in many cases much denser source sampling. At the same time, the vibrator itself has seen little improvement over the last couple of decades. There are needs in a few areas where an improvement in the vibrator itself can bring benefits to the quality of the seismic data acquired. This paper describes progress in four such areas, low‐frequency performance, high‐frequency performance, an improved estimate of the vibrator groundforce and source signature consistency over variable ground conditions. Each of these vibrator characteristics will be discussed in turn. Meanwhile, two field test results in which the performance of two different vibrators in these four areas are compared.
Nano-Raman Spectroscopy is Reaching Semiconductors (2007)

We have demonstrated that scanning nano‐Raman spectroscopy (SNRS), also known as tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), with side illumination optics can be effectively used for analysis of silicon‐based structures at the nanoscale. Despite the disadvantages of side illumination optics, such as difficulties in optical alignment and shadowing by the tip, it has the critical advantage that it may be used for the analysis of non‐transparent samples. A key criterion for making SNRS effective for imaging Si samples is the optimization of the contrast between near‐field and far‐field (background) Raman signals, which improves by an order of magnitude by optimizing the incident and scattering polarization scheme. The resulting nano‐Raman images of semiconducting structures yield a spatial resolution ∼20 nm.
Development of a fluorescent chalcone library and its application in the discovery of a mouse embryonic stem cell probe (2012)

We report the first fluorescent diamino-chalcone library and its application in the discovery of a mouse embryonic stem cell (mESC) probe. CDg4, a novel green fluorescent mESC probe was discovered through a high-content image based screening of 160 members of the chalcone library. Interestingly, the molecular binding target of CDg4 was identified as the glycogen of the stem cell colony surface, rather than a conventional protein target from an intracellular source.
<title>Effects of imperfect serrodyne phase modulation in resonator fiber optic gyroscopes</title> (1994)

In order for the resonator fiber optic gyroscope to achieve navigation grade performance, it must employ an optical frequency shifting technique for high scale factor accuracy. Serrodyne phase modulation commonly used in interferometric fiber optic gyros, has been considered a leading choice of modulation techniques. Here we present theoretical analysis on the effects of imperfect serrodyne phase modulation along with experimental results. A solution for substantially reducing the rotation sensing errors associated with imperfect serrodyne is also presented.
Development of Kinetic Resolution of Racemic Alcohols and Carboxylic Acids Accompanied with Dehydration Condensation (2014)

A novel and efficient method for the kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols with achiral carboxylic acids or racemic carboxylic acids with achiral alcohols using dehydration condensation is accounted in this paper. The first kinetic resolution of racemic alcohols with achiral carboxylic acids was accomplished by asymmetric esterification via the in situ formation of a mixed anhydride using carboxylic anhydrides as coupling reagents in the presence of chiral acyl-transfer catalysts. Because this protocol utilized the transacylation process to generate the mixed-anhydride, not only racemic secondary alcohols but also racemic carboxylic acids are applicable to the asymmetric esterification in the same manner. The variety of optically active carboxylic esters are also produced by the kinetic resolution of racemic 2-arylalkanoic acids, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), with achiral alcohols, using carboxylic anhydrides in the presence of chiral acyl-transfer catalysts.
On the Implementation of IoT-Based Digital Twin for Networked Microgrids Resiliency Against Cyber Attacks (2020)

The increased rate of cyber-attacks on the power system necessitates the need for innovative solutions to ensure its resiliency. This work builds on the advancement in the IoT to provide a practical framework that is able to respond to multiple attacks on a network of interconnected microgrids. This paper provides an IoT-based digital twin (DT) of the cyber-physical system that interacts with the control system to ensure its proper operation. The IoT cloud provision of the energy cyber-physical and the DT are mathematically formulated. Unlike other cybersecurity frameworks in the literature, the proposed one can mitigate an individual as well as coordinated attacks. The framework is tested on a distributed control system and the security measures are implemented using cloud computing. The physical controllers are implemented using single-board computers. The practical results show that the proposed DT is able to mitigate the coordinated false data injection and the denial of service cyber-attacks.
All-optical stopping and quantum coherent storage of light (2004)

We show that light pulses can be stopped and stored all-optically, with a process that involves an adiabatic and reversible pulse bandwidth compression occurring entirely in the optical domain. Such a process overcomes the fundamental bandwidth-delay constraint in optics, and can generate arbitrarily small group velocities for any light pulse with a given bandwidth, without the use of any coherent or resonant light-matter interactions. We exhibit this process in optical resonator systems, where the pulse bandwidth compression is accomplished only by small refractive index modulations performed at moderate speeds. The optically achievable ultra low speeds can also generate extremely large non-linearities using non-resonant interactions, and thus enable decoherence-free single photon quantum gates.
<title>Instruments Used For Snow Characterization In Support Of Snow-One-A And Snow-One-B</title> (1983)

Three, newly-developed snow characterization instruments are described together with examples of their data products. A snow rate meter was developed that utilizes a sensitive electronic balance to determine snow rate to an accuracy of about ± .05 mm/hr (water equivalent rate) at time resolutions varying from some 15 to 120 s, depending on the wind turbulence situation. A fall velocity indicator was constructed utilizing vidicon TV recording and strobe illumination that permits the fall velocities and fall characteristics of snowflakes to be ascertained. A snow structure recorder was also designed that uses a vidicon camera to look at the detailed crystalline structure of snowflakes (over a 1 cm x 1 cm field of view) that fall on a sampling area which is an intermittently moving belt.
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of structured lipids with fatty acids fractionated from saponified chicken fat and menhaden oil (2001)

In this study, free fatty acids (FFA) of chicken fat and menhaden oil, which were obtained by saponification, were dry-fractionated and solvent fractionated. Using these fractionation processes, FFA fractions enriched in monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids were obtained. Chicken fat FFA fractions enriched in MUFA were modified further by lipase-catalyzed esterification with the starting fat to produce structured lipids of high MUFA content.
Optical detection of terahertz using nonlinear parametric upconversion (2008)

We extend our work to perform sensitive, room-temperature optical detection of terahertz (THz) by using nonlinear parametric upconversion. THz radiation at 700 GHz is mixed with pump light at 1,550 nm in a bulk GaAs crystal to generate an idler wave at 1,555.6 nm. The idler is separated, coupled into optical fiber, and detected using a gated Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode. The resulting THz detector has a power sensitivity of 4.5 pW/Hz and a timing resolution of 1 ns.
Concentrated solar thermoelectric generators (2012)

Solar thermoelectric generators (STEGs) are solid state heat engines that generate electricity from concentrated sunlight. In this paper, we develop a novel detailed balance model for STEGs and apply this model to both state-of-the-art and idealized materials. This model uses thermoelectric compatibility theory to provide analytic solutions to device efficiency in idealized materials with temperature-dependent properties. The results of this modeling allow us to predict maximum theoretical STEG efficiencies and suggest general design rules for STEGs. With today's materials, a STEG with an incident flux of 100 kW m−2 and a hot side temperature of 1000 °C could achieve 15.9% generator efficiency, making STEGs competitive with concentrated solar power plants. Future developments will depend on materials that can provide higher operating temperatures or higher material efficiency. For example, a STEG with zT = 2 at 1500 °C would have an efficiency of 30.6%.
Redox Exfoliation of Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides (2016)

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have attracted considerable attention in a diverse array of applications due to the breadth of possible property suites relative to other low-dimensional nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, aluminosilicates). Here, we demonstrate an alternative methodology for the exfoliation of bulk crystallites of group V-VII layered TMDs under quiescent, benchtop conditions using mild redox chemistry. Anionic polyoxometalate species generated from edge sites adsorb to the TMD surface and create Coulombic repulsion that drives layer separation without the use of shear forces. This method is generalizable (MS<sub>2</sub>, MSe<sub>2</sub>, and MTe<sub>2</sub>) and effective in preparing high-concentration (>1 mg/mL) dispersions with narrow layer thickness distributions more rapidly and with safer reagents than alternative solution-based approaches. Finally, exfoliation of these TMDs is demonstrated in a range of solvent systems that were previously inaccessible due to large surface energy differences. These characteristics could be beneficial in the preparation of high-quality films and monoliths.
Diode pumping of tunable Cr-doped lasers (1991)

Both Cr:LiCaAlF<sub>6</sub> (Cr:LiCAF) and Cr:LiSrAlF<sub>6</sub> (Cr:LiSAF) lasers have been pumped using visible laser diodes. Two commercial 10 mW laser diodes were polarization combined to demonstrate lasing in a low loss resonator. In addition, a higher power 665 nm laser diode was used to pump each laser, producing 15.9 mW cw and 51.8 mW pulsed at 10 Hz for Cr:LiCAF and 19.9 mW cw and 78 mW pulsed for Cr:LiSAF. Optical characterization of the gain media was performed using a dye laser. Gain, loss, slope efficiency and the dependence of the threshold on pump wavelength for each laser are reported.
Palmitoylation of Prolactin-Releasing Peptide Increased Affinity for and Activation of the GPR10, NPFF-R2 and NPFF-R1 Receptors: In Vitro Study (2021)

The anorexigenic neuropeptide prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) is involved in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure. Lipidization of PrRP stabilizes the peptide, facilitates central effect after peripheral administration and increases its affinity for its receptor, GPR10, and for the neuropeptide FF (NPFF) receptor NPFF-R2. The two most potent palmitoylated analogs with anorectic effects in mice, palm<sup>11</sup>-PrRP31 and palm-PrRP31, were studied in vitro to determine their agonist/antagonist properties and mechanism of action on GPR10, NPFF-R2 and other potential off-target receptors related to energy homeostasis. Palmitoylation of both PrRP31 analogs increased the binding properties of PrRP31 to anorexigenic receptors GPR10 and NPFF-R2 and resulted in a high affinity for another NPFF receptor, NPFF-R1. Moreover, in CHO-K1 cells expressing GPR10, NPFF-R2 or NPFF-R1, palm<sup>11</sup>-PrRP and palm-PrRP significantly increased the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), protein kinase B (Akt) and cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB). Palm<sup>11</sup>-PrRP31, unlike palm-PrRP31, did not activate either c-Jun <i>N</i>-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, c-Jun, c-Fos or CREB pathways in cells expressing NPFF-1R. Palm-PrRP31 also has higher binding affinities for off-target receptors, namely, the ghrelin, opioid (KOR, MOR, DOR and OPR-L1) and neuropeptide Y (Y<sub>1</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub> and Y<sub>5</sub>) receptors. Palm<sup>11</sup>-PrRP31 exhibited fewer off-target activities; therefore, it has a higher potential to be used as an anti-obesity drug with anorectic effects.
Cloning and Nucleotide Sequence Analysis of <i>gyrB</i> of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> , <i>B. thuringiensis</i> , <i>B. mycoides</i> , and <i>B. anthracis</i> and Their Application to the Detection of <i>B. cereus</i> in Rice (1999)

As 16S rRNA sequence analysis has proven inadequate for the differentiation of Bacillus cereus from closely related species, we employed the gyrase B gene (gyrB) as a molecular diagnostic marker. The gyrB genes of B. cereus JCM 2152(T), Bacillus thuringiensis IAM 12077(T), Bacillus mycoides ATCC 6462(T), and Bacillus anthracis Pasteur #2H were cloned and sequenced. Oligonucleotide PCR primer sets were designed from within gyrB sequences of the respective bacteria for the specific amplification and differentiation of B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis. The results from the amplification of gyrB sequences correlated well with results obtained with the 16S rDNA-based hybridization study but not with the results of their phenotypic characterization. Some of the reference strains of both B. cereus (three serovars) and B. thuringiensis (two serovars) were not positive in PCR amplification assays with gyrB primers. However, complete sequencing of 1.2-kb gyrB fragments of these reference strains showed that these serovars had, in fact, lower homology than their originally designated species. We developed and tested a procedure for the specific detection of the target organism in boiled rice that entailed 15 h of preenrichment followed by PCR amplification of the B. cereus-specific fragment. This method enabled us to detect an initial inoculum of 0.24 CFU of B. cereus cells per g of boiled rice food homogenate without extracting DNA. However, a simple two-step filtration step is required to remove PCR inhibitory substances.
A MODEL FOR FREENESS MEASUREMENT OF PAPERMAKING SUSPENSIONS (1996)

In the pulp and paper industry, it is often necessary to characterize the drainage capability or a pulp on the paper machines. The industry uses a standard measure called the freeness to represent this and other properties for papermaking pulps. The freeness is the total volume of water discharged from a side orifice of a specific configuration while the pulp suspension drains freely under gravity. In this paper, a model for the gravity filtration of pulp suspensions forming a compressible pulp mat is along with some empirical treatment of the flow is used to model the freeness test. The gravity drainage process is assumed to be described by a cake filtration process with the pressure at each instant being given by the gravity head. From the model, the critical parameters governing the freeness of a pulp suspension are shown to be the specific surface area and the specific volume of the pulp fibers in addition to the compressibility of the pulp mat. When these parameters are available from independent gravity drainage measurements, the freeness itself can be estimated. Estimated freeness values are in agreement with experimental measurements for pulps which are reasonably free of fines. When fines are present however, they get entrapped within the pulp mats decreasing their permeability. The model predictions are higher than experimental measurements in this case.
Student award for outstanding research winner in the Ph.D. category for the 9th World Biomaterials Congress, Chengdu, China, June 1–5, 2012 (2012)

In this study, the authors present a photodegradable microparticle system that can be used to entrap and deliver bioactive proteins to cells during culture. By using a photosensitive delivery system, experimenters can achieve a wide variety of spatiotemporally regulated release profiles with a single microparticle formulation, thereby, enabling one to probe many questions as to how protein presentation can be manipulated to regulate cell function. Photodegradable microparticles were synthesized via inverse suspension polymerization with a mean diameter of 22 μm, and degradation was demonstrated upon exposure to several irradiation conditions. The protein-loaded depots were incorporated into cell cultures and release of bioactive protein was quantified during the photodegradation process. This phototriggered release allowed for the delivery of TGF-β1 to stimulate PE25 cells and for the delivery of fluorescently labeled Annexin V to assay apoptotic 3T3 fibroblasts during culture. By incorporating these photoresponsive protein delivery depots into cell culture, new types of experiments are now possible to test hypotheses about how individual or multiple soluble factors might affect cell function when presented in a uniform, temporally varying, or gradient manner.
All-optical high-sensitivity resonant photoacoustic sensor for remote CH<sub>4</sub> gas detection (2021)

This paper presents an all-optical high-sensitivity resonant photoacoustic (PA) sensor to realize remote, long-distance and space-limited trace gas detection. The sensor is an integration of a T-type resonant PA cell and a particular cantilever-based fiber-optic acoustic sensor. The finite element simulations about the cantilever vibration mode and the PA field distributions are carried out based on COMSOL. The all-optical high-sensitivity resonant PA sensor, together with a high-speed spectrometer and a DFB laser source, makes up of a photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) system which is employed for CH<sub>4</sub> detection. The measured sensitivity is 0.6 pm/ppm in the case of 1000 s average time, and the minimum detection limit (MDL) reaches 15.9 parts per billion (ppb). The detective light source and the excitation light source are all transmitted by optical fibers, therefore remote and long-distance measurement of trace gas can be realized. Furthermore, the excitation light source and the acoustic sensor are designed at the same side of the PA cell, the sensor may be used for space-limited trace gas detection.