gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Self-Actuating Traction-Drive Speed Reducer (2004)

Traction-drive speed reducers offer certain advantages over geared speed reducers. In particular, they generally run quieter than geared units and provide an opportunity for higher efficiency by eliminating sliding motion between contacting elements. In order to generate a sufficiently high output torque, some means must be provided to create a normal force between the rolling elements. This normal force, along with the friction coefficient, enables the device to transmit torque from one rolling member to the next. The speed reducer proposed here is designed so that the configuration of the rolling elements creates the needed normal force in response to the torque exerted back on the system by the downstream loading. Thus the device is self-actuating. Since the normal force is only present when needed, the rolling elements of the device can readily be disengaged, thus eliminating the need for a separate clutch in the drive system. This feature can be exploited to design a transmission with several distinct speed ratios that can be engaged and disengaged in response to changing speed requirements.
A Low Phase Noise 100MHz Silicon BAW Reference Oscillator (2006)

The paper presents a temperature compensated 100MHz reference oscillator based on a capacitive silicon bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonator interfaced with a CMOS amplifier. The resonator is optimized for high quality factor (92000) and low impedance. The CMOS IC comprises of a transimpedance amplifier to sustain oscillations and an oven control mechanism for temperature control. A phase noise floor of -136dBc/Hz was measured for the oscillator and the temperature drift of frequency was measured to be 56ppm over 100degC
Rapid radiofrequency calibration in MRI (1990)

A collection of modified procedures for setting rf transmitter levels using a three-pulse sequence is described. Based on a geometrically weighted ratio of four signals, an estimate of the flip angle is calculated and used for an updating prescription. These techniques are designed to perform rapidly yet eschew systematic errors due to relaxation during the pulse sequence.
664 GHz dual polarisation frequency selective surface (2010)

The design, manufacture and performance of a frequency selective surface (FSS) which is required to operate simultaneously in the TE and TM planes at 45° incidence over the frequency range 173–671 GHz is presented. The FSS was designed to allow transmission of radiation over a 2% bandwidth centred at 664 GHz and reflect four channels centred at 448, 325, 243 and 183 GHz with a loss < 0.5 dB. The filter was formed from silicon on insulator material which was precision micromachined with an array of Jerusalem cross-slots and encapsulated with high conductivity silver. Experimental results yielded virtually identical spectral responses in the two polarisation planes with the electromagnetic performance exceeding the above specifications.
Oligomers Terminated By Maleimide And Acetylene (1994)

Oligomeric molecules terminated with maleimide and acetylene groups synthesized and thermally treated to form cross-linked polymers exhibiting high or undetectable glass-transition temperatures and high thermo-oxidative stabilities. Compounds used to make thermally stable, glassy polymers.
New Directions for Low‐Dimensional Thermoelectric Materials (2007)

Abstract Many of the recent advances in enhancing the thermoelectric figure of merit are linked to nanoscale phenomena found both in bulk samples containing nanoscale constituents and in nanoscale samples themselves. Prior theoretical and experimental proof‐of‐principle studies on quantum‐well superlattice and quantum‐wire samples have now evolved into studies on bulk samples containing nanostructured constituents prepared by chemical or physical approaches. In this Review, nanostructural composites are shown to exhibit nanostructures and properties that show promise for thermoelectric applications, thus bringing together low‐dimensional and bulk materials for thermoelectric applications. Particular emphasis is given in this Review to the ability to achieve 1) a simultaneous increase in the power factor and a decrease in the thermal conductivity in the same nanocomposite sample and for transport in the same direction and 2) lower values of the thermal conductivity in these nanocomposites as compared to alloy samples of the same chemical composition. The outlook for future research directions for nanocomposite thermoelectric materials is also discussed.
Design, microfabrication and testing of a CMOS compatible bistable electromagnetic microvalve with latching/unlatching mechanism on a single wafer (2006)

This paper reports our work on the design, microfabrication and testing of a novel bistable electromagnetically actuated microvalve that is fully fabricated by surface micromachining on a single silicon wafer with a potentially CMOS compatible process. The microvalve has an overall diameter of 1600 µm and an overall height of 600 µm that includes the thickness of the silicon wafer. The microvalve consists of four main components: a soft magnetic (NiFe) base, an Au microcoil, a CoNiMnP permanent magnet and a soft magnetic (NiFe) membrane with supported legs. The latching and unlatching mechanism of the microvalve governs the bistable positions of the membrane. The microvalve was tested for its performance to open/unlatch and close/latch a flow of deionized water at flow rates of 10–50 µl min−1. The microvalve operates at a current of 0.43 A, and its power and energy consumption are of the order of 1.6 W and 16 mJ, respectively. The microvalve has a response time of 10 ms and a burst pressure of 7.8 kPa.
Assessing the Performance of Multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in the Local Area (2020)

The benefits of an increased number of global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) in space have been confirmed for the robustness and convergence time of standard precise point positioning (PPP) solutions, as well as improved accuracy when (most of) the ambiguities are fixed. Yet, it is still worthwhile to investigate fast and high-precision GNSS parameter estimation to meet user needs. This contribution focuses on integer ambiguity resolution-enabled Precise Point Positioning (PPP-RTK) in the use of the observations from four global navigation systems, i.e., GPS (Global Positioning System), Galileo (European Global Navigation Satellite System), BDS (Chinese BeiDou Navigation Satellite System), and GLONASS (Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikova Sistema). An undifferenced and uncombined PPP-RTK model is implemented for which the satellite clock and phase bias corrections are computed from the data processing of a group of stations in a network and then provided to users to help them achieve integer ambiguity resolution on a single receiver by calibrating the satellite phase biases. The dataset is recorded in a local area of the GNSS network of the Netherlands, in which 12 stations are regarded as the reference to generate the corresponding corrections and 21 as the users to assess the performance of the multi-GNSS PPP-RTK in both kinematic and static positioning mode. The results show that the root-mean-square (RMS) errors of the ambiguity float solutions can achieve the same accuracy level of the ambiguity fixed solutions after convergence. The combined GNSS cases, on the contrary, reduce the horizontal RMS of GPS alone with 2 cm level to GPS + Galileo/GPS + Galileo + BDS/GPS + Galileo + BDS + GLONASS with 1 cm level. The convergence time benefits from both multi-GNSS and fixing ambiguities, and the performances of the ambiguity fixed solution are comparable to those of the multi-GNSS ambiguity float solutions. For instance, the convergence time of GPS alone ambiguity fixed solutions to achieve 10 cm three-dimensional (3D) positioning accuracy is 39.5 min, while it is 37 min for GPS + Galileo ambiguity float solutions; moreover, with the same criterion, the convergence time of GE ambiguity fixed solutions is 19 min, which is better than GPS + Galileo + BDS + GLONASS ambiguity float solutions with 28.5 min. The experiments indicate that GPS alone occasionally suffers from a wrong fixing problem; however, this problem does not exist in the combined systems. Finally, integer ambiguity resolution is still necessary for multi-GNSS in the case of fast achieving very-high-accuracy positioning, e.g., sub-centimeter level.
Microstructure and its hardness estimation of resistance spot weld of ultra-high strength steel sheets: development of resistance spot welding with pulsed current pattern for ultra-high strength steel sheets (2020)

A new resistance spot welding process with ‘pulsed current post-heating pattern’ is developed for improving joint strength of ultra-high strength steel (UHSS) sheets. This post heating process consists of short-time high-current post-heating (pulsed current) and short-time cooling, which utilizes the phenomenon that the pulsed current reheats especially near the outer peripheral regions of the contact area of electrode/steel interfaces and faying interface of steel sheets. The strength improvement can be obtained owing to two eﬀects; the reduction of solidiﬁcation segregation in the nugget and the appropriate softening of the heat aﬀected zone (HAZ). Toughness of the nugget increases with alleviating segregation of embrittling elements. Properly widened and softened HAZ would lead to large plastic deformation, which could reduce stress concentration at the edge of the nugget on the faying interface and prevent brittle fracture in the nugget during straining. This study aims to elucidate the microstructural change in the HAZ due to the pulsed post-heating current pattern and its eﬀect on hardness proﬁles, and to propose an estimation method of HAZ hardness. 1180 MPa grade ultra-high strength steel sheet consisting of ferrite and martensite was used. Softened region was fairly widened with decreasing its minimum hardness when applying the pulsed current post heating. No signiﬁcant diﬀerence was observed in the region where the maximum temperature is over Ac1 between with and without the pulsed current post heating pattern. This would be because the maximum temperature was the same in these regions even when applying the pulsed current. The HAZ was widened in the region where the maximum temperature was lower than Ac1. These regions have the same fractions of martensite and ferrite as the steel sheet before welding, but the martensite was much tempered when applying the pulsed current pattern. These tempered phenomena of the martensite can be well estimated using an accumulated tempering parameter for both tempering martensite and autotempering behaviour of martensite formed during cooling after welding.
New connector in an adhesive tape form for electronic applications (1983)

A newly developed adhesive tape which utilizes conductor stripes with a range of center-to-center spacings produces reliable, cost effective, multiple electrical connections to liquid crystal displays (LCD), printed circuit boards (PCB), membrane switches and terminal pads on other components. A continuously striped tape in a roll format allows bonded connections to be made at any point using a rapid application of heat and pressure. The stable electrical connections which are made with the tape have immediate good strength for handling in high volume automated applications. The tape's flexibility allows for a wide range of component positioning with respect to the associated printed circuit board since no supporting hardware is needed to maintain good electrical connections. Performance of the tape connector system enables its use in electronic and automotive applications.
A Spatial Image Processing Traffic Flow Sensor and it's applications for Signal Control, Surveillance and Warning System (2001)

For the purpose of advancing Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), sensors capable of gathering precise and various traffic informations are needed. This paper describes a spatial image processing traffic flow sensor we have developed, which can measure wide range traffic flow informations, that is, volume, speed, vehicle type, vehicle presence and traffic congestion length simultaneously as well as detecting illegally parked vehicles and traffic abnormal conditions.This sensor compresses images inputted from a camera as a JPEG format and then transmits to a traffic control center, where latest images or stored time-serial images before and after an incident detected by this sensor can be seen.Recently, we have applied this sensor to both a traffic signal control and an image surveillance system, in which an ultrasonic vehicle detector is beneath its capabilities. And we have also constructed a collision avoidance warning system in a tunnel by providing directly most useful queue length measurement results to a variable message board.
Photoacoustic imaging using narrow beam scanning (2011)

In deep tissue photoacoustic (PA) imaging, a large beam size with large pulse energy is typically used as a broad band acoustic signal excitation source. However, widely used solid state Q-switched laser systems are limited by their repetition rate for real-time applications. An emerging fiber laser with nanosecond level pulse width, hundreds of kilohertz repetition rate, and up to 1mJ pulse energy is a potential candidate for a new PA signal excitation source. However, the inherent drawbacks of narrow beam size and low pulse energy of a fiber laser make it hard to be directly applied to deep tissue imaging. To overcome this issue, a narrow beam scanning scheme is proposed in this study. However, the lower light penetration capability may still limit the depth at which this technique can be applied. The objective of this study is to compare the general quality of reconstructed images in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) for multiple narrow beam scanning PA excitation and conventional one shot, high pulse energy and large beam size excitation at depths appropriate for peripheral vascular applications.
Properties of nisin Z and distribution of its gene, nisZ, in Lactococcus lactis (1993)

Two natural variants of the lantibiotic nisin that are produced by Lactococcus lactis are known. They have a similar structure but differ in a single amino acid residue at position 27; histidine in nisin A and asparagine in nisin Z (J.W.M. Mulders, I.J. Boerrigter, H.S. Rollema, R.J. Siezen, and W.M. de Vos, Eur. J. Biochem, 201:581-584, 1991). The nisin variants were purified to apparent homogeneity, and their biological activities were compared. Identical MICs of nisin A and nisin Z were found with all tested indicator strains of six different species of gram-positive bacteria. However, at concentrations above the MICs, with nisin Z the inhibition zones obtained in agar diffusion assays were invariably larger than those obtained with nisin A. This was observed with all tested indicator strains. These results suggest that nisin Z has better diffusion properties than nisin A in agar. The distribution of the nisin variants in various lactococcal strains was determined by amplification of the nisin structural gene by polymerase chain reaction followed by direct sequencing of the amplification product. In this way, it was established that the nisZ gene for nisin Z production is widely distributed, having been found in 14 of the 26 L. lactis strains analyzed.
An electro-optic tunable filter (1979)

This letter describes a tunable optical filter that couples light energy between ordinary and extraordinary polarizations in a birefringent electro-optic crystal at the phase-matched wavelength by means of a spatially periodic dc electric field. The specific embodiment described here is a LiTaO3 platelet operating with transverse electric field and located between cross polarizers. Analogies to both the S̆olc birefringent filter and the Harris acousto-optic filter are cited. The electro-optic filter is tuned by varying the spatial period of the electric field via an array of separately addressable finger electrodes. We have demonstrated tunability from 4700 Å to 4.5 μm. Experimental results of transmittance versus applied voltage and of bandwidth versus pass wavelength agree well with theory. The flexibility of this type of electronic filter in allowing synthesis of arbitrary transfer functions through nonperiodic voltage distributions is emphasized.
Tailorable stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon nanophotonics (2013)

We examine the physics of traveling-wave photon-phonon coupling within nanoscale silicon waveguides and explore a host of new Brillouin-based signal processing technologies enabled by tailorable stimulated Brillouin processes in silicon photonics. Theoretical analysis of Brillouin coupling at sub-wavelength scales is presented, revealing that strong light-boundary interactions produce large radiation pressures mediated Brillouin nonlinearities. Experimental results demonstrating stimulated Brillouin scattering in silicon waveguides for the first time are also presented, revealing 1000 times larger forward stimulated Brillouin gain coeffcients than any prior system.
Charged Polaron Polaritons in an Organic Semiconductor Microcavity (2018)

We report strong coupling between light and polaron optical excitations in a doped organic semiconductor microcavity at room temperature. Codepositing MoO_{3} and the hole transport material 4, 4^{'}-cyclohexylidenebis[N, N-bis(4-methylphenyl)benzenamine] introduces a large hole density with a narrow linewidth optical transition centered at 1.8 eV and an absorption coefficient exceeding 10^{4} cm^{-1}. Coupling this transition to a Fabry-Pérot cavity mode yields upper and lower polaron polariton branches that are clearly resolved in angle-dependent reflectivity with a vacuum Rabi splitting ℏΩ_{R}>0.3 eV. This result establishes a path to electrically control polaritons in organic semiconductors and may lead to increased polariton-polariton Coulombic interactions that lower the threshold for nonlinear phenomena such as polariton condensation and lasing.
Characterization of the hepatitis B virus DNA detected in urine of chronic hepatitis B patients (2018)

We conclude that urine from CHB patients with healthy kidney function should not contain full-length HBV DNA, and therefore should not be infectious.
A Label-Free Aptamer-Fluorophore Assembly for Rapid and Specific Detection of Cocaine in Biofluids (2014)

We report a rapid and specific aptamer-based method for one-step cocaine detection with minimal reagent requirements. The feasibility of aptamer-based detection has been demonstrated with sensors that operate via target-induced conformational change mechanisms, but these have generally exhibited limited target sensitivity. We have discovered that the cocaine-binding aptamer MNS-4.1 can also bind the fluorescent molecule 2-amino-5,6,7-trimethyl-1,8-naphthyridine (ATMND) and thereby quench its fluorescence. We subsequently introduced sequence changes into MNS-4.1 to engineer a new cocaine-binding aptamer (38-GC) that exhibits higher affinity to both ligands, with reduced background signal and increased signal gain. Using this aptamer, we have developed a new sensor platform that relies on the cocaine-mediated displacement of ATMND from 38-GC as a result of competitive binding. We demonstrate that our sensor can detect cocaine within seconds at concentrations as low as 200 nM, which is 50-fold lower than existing assays based on target-induced conformational change. More importantly, our assay achieves successful cocaine detection in body fluids, with a limit of detection of 10.4, 18.4, and 36 μM in undiluted saliva, urine, and serum samples, respectively.
The Reconfigurable Streaming Vector Processor (RSVPTM) (2003)

The need to process multimedia data places largecomputational demands on portable/embedded devices.These multimedia functions share commoncharacteristics: they are computationally intensive anddata-streaming, performing the same operation(s) onmany data elements.The Reconfigurable StreamingVector Processor (RSVPTM) is a vector coprocessorarchitecture that accelerates streaming data operations.Programming the RSVP architecture involves describingthe shape and location of vector streams in memory anddescribing computations as data-flow graphs.Thesedescriptions are intuitive and independent of each other,making the RSVP architecture easy to program.They arealso machine independent, allowing binary-compatibleimplementations with varying cost-performance tradeoffs.This paper presents the RSVP architecture andprogramming model, a programming case study, and ourfirst implementation.Our results show significantspeedups on streaming data functions.Speedups forkernels and applications range from 2 to over 20 timesthat of an ARM9 host processor alone.
Data from A Novel l-Asparaginase with low l-Glutaminase Coactivity Is Highly Efficacious against Both T- and B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

<div>Abstract<p>Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of pediatric cancer, although about 4 of every 10 cases occur in adults. The enzyme drug l-asparaginase serves as a cornerstone of ALL therapy and exploits the asparagine dependency of ALL cells. In addition to hydrolyzing the amino acid l-asparagine, all FDA-approved l-asparaginases also have significant l-glutaminase coactivity. Since several reports suggest that l-glutamine depletion correlates with many of the side effects of these drugs, enzyme variants with reduced l-glutaminase coactivity might be clinically beneficial if their antileukemic activity would be preserved. Here we show that novel low l-glutaminase variants developed on the backbone of the FDA-approved <i>Erwinia chrysanthemi</i> l-asparaginase were highly efficacious against both T- and B-cell ALL, while displaying reduced acute toxicity features. These results support the development of a new generation of safer l-asparaginases without l-glutaminase activity for the treatment of human ALL.</p><p><b>Significance:</b> A new l-asparaginase–based therapy is less toxic compared with FDA-approved high l-glutaminase enzymes <i>Cancer Res; 78(6); 1549–60. ©2018 AACR</i>.</p></div>
Rounding arrangements dynamically (1995)

We describe a robust, dynamic algorithm to compute the arrangement of a set of line segments in the plane, and its implementation.
The LED lightbulb: are we there yet? progress and challenges for solid state illumination (2003)

Rapid improvement in light emitting diode (LED) performance and an annual multibillion dollar lighting market is motivating worldwide development of LED based illumination systems. In addition to the traditional figures of merit of efficiency and high flux density, the white LED lamps must also have appropriate color characteristics. Current commercial white LED lamps have undesirable color temperatures and uniformity, and inferior color rendering. As discussed below, color uniformity in single phosphor lamps has been improved by deposition of thin uniform phosphor layers conformal to the LED die. Also, 2-phosphor LED lamps with white color characteristics typical of conventional incandescent and halogen sources are described. Furthermore, LED illumination offers additional features not practically achievable with conventional sources.
Analysis of frequency and severity of relapses in multiple sclerosis patients treated with cladribine tablets or placebo: The CLARITY and CLARITY Extension studies (2021)

The results show durable efficacy of cladribine tablets 3.5 mg/kg for reducing frequency and severity of relapses in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.CLARITY: NCT00213135; CLARITY Extension: NCT00641537.