gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of wheelchair cushion pressure monitoring system (2014)

As part of a pressure-relief regimen, individuals with spinal cord injury often rely on air-filled wheelchair cushions to minimize pressure on the body interface and to prevent pressure ulcers. An air-filled cushion is not a stable form of pressure ulcer protection and can effectively be rendered useless if over- or under-inflated. Air loss may happen rapidly and, coupled with loss of sensory feeling and motor movement after spinal cord injury, result in an immediate increase in risk for pressure ulcer development, even with regular pressure relief. Prolonged uneven weight distribution, such as leaning to a side, may lead to “bottoming out” with corresponding increase in risk of pressure ulcers. This paper presents a wheelchair cushion pressure monitoring system that is designed to detect changes in air pressure of a wheelchair cushion as well as body weight and weight distribution. The device is designed to aid both the patient and the caregiver in identifying pressure hazards that may lead to ulcer development and deliver audible and wireless alerts in real time. Inexpensive and low-powered components are used in order to make the device an economical solution. Initial tests demonstrate high sensitivity of the device to potential pressure hazards.
A 2 Bit/Cell Tilting SRAM-Based PUF With a BER of 3.1E-10 and an Energy of 21 FJ/Bit in 65nm (2020)

An SRAM-based Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) with two independent bits/cells is presented along with a tilting preselection test designed to identify all the unstable bits. Results of analysis of the Decision Voltage of the SRAM-based PUF cell indicate that in certain conditions, only the NMOS transistors in the cell impact its response, whereas the PMOS devices are in cutoff. Two pairs of NMOS transistors are inserted in the cell, each of which represents an orthogonal bit. The tilt test evaluates the internal mismatch within each of the NMOS pairs so that if it is insufficient, the resulting bit is considered unstable and masked from the PUF response. The cell demonstrated a highly competitive area of 1420F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per bit, a bit-error-rate (BER) of 3.1E-10, and a very low energy consumption of 21fJ/bit in 65nm. After preselection, the 2 bit/cell PUF exhibited a near-ideal inter-chip Hamming distance (49.5%) and percentage of ones (50.6%).
Peptide π-Electron Conjugates: Organic Electronics for Biology? (2015)

Highly ordered arrays of π-conjugated molecules are often viewed as a prerequisite for effective charge-transporting materials. Studies involving these materials have traditionally focused on organic electronic devices, with more recent emphasis on biological systems. In order to facilitate the transition to biological environments, biomolecules that can promote hierarchical ordering and water solubility are often covalently appended to the π-electron unit. This review highlights recent work on π-conjugated systems bound to peptide moieties that exhibit self-assembly and aims to provide an overview on the development and emerging applications of peptide-based supramolecular π-electron systems.
Single-Sideband Electro-Optical Modulator and Tunable Microwave Photonic Receiver (2010)

We report on the study of widely tunable, resonant single-sideband electro-optical modulators based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators, made out of electro-optically active materials. The modulation process involves interaction of different WGM families with an externally applied microwave field. The tunability results from the unequal response of the mode families to either a temperature change or to an applied voltage. We show that the modulator can be used as an efficient microwave photonic receiver that operates either in direct or coherent regime. Due to its resonant nature, the high-Q electro-optical modulator also can be used as a resolution booster for a low-resolution RF spectrum analyzer.
Identification of Two Prion Protein Regions That Modify Scrapie Incubation Time (2001)

A series of prion transmission experiments was performed in transgenic (Tg) mice expressing either wild-type, chimeric, or truncated prion protein (PrP) molecules. Following inoculation with Rocky Mountain Laboratory (RML) murine prions, scrapie incubation times for Tg(MoPrP)4053, Tg(MHM2)294/Prnp(0/0), and Tg(MoPrP, Delta23-88)9949/Prnp(0/0) mice were approximately 50, 120, and 160 days, respectively. Similar scrapie incubation times were obtained after inoculation of these lines of Tg mice with either MHM2(MHM2(RML)) or MoPrP(Delta23-88)(RML) prions, excluding the possibility that sequence-dependent transmission barriers could account for the observed differences. Tg(MHM2)294/Prnp(0/0) mice displayed prolonged scrapie incubation times with four different strains of murine prions. These data provide evidence that the N terminus of MoPrP and the chimeric region of MHM2 PrP (residues 108 through 111) both influence the inherent efficiency of prion propagation.
Dynamic time warping based neonatal seizure detection system (2012)

Neonatal seizures patterns evolve with changing frequency, morphology and propagation. This study is an initial attempt to incorporate the characteristics of temporal evolution of neonatal seizures into our developed neonatal seizure detector. The previously designed SVM-based neonatal seizure detector is modified by substituting the Gaussian kernel with the Gaussian dynamic time warping kernel, to enable the SVM to classify variable length sequences of feature vectors of neonatal seizures. The preliminary results obtained compare favorably with the conventional SVM. The fusion of the two approaches is expected to improve the current state of the art neonatal seizure detection system.
Rate-SSIM optimization for video coding (2011)

The structural similarity (SSIM) index has been found to be a good indicator of perceived image quality. In this paper, we propose a rate-SSIM optimization scheme for mode se lection in H.264/AVC video coding. To derive the Lagrange multiplier based on the properties of input sequences, a novel reduced-reference statistical SSIM model and a source-side information combined rate model are established. The proposed method is fully standard-compatible. Experimental results demonstrate that, compared with conventional rate distortion optimization coding schemes, the proposed scheme can achieve better rate-SSIM performance and provide better visual quality.
Image Classification With Kernelized Spatial-Context (2010)

The goal of image classification is to classify a collection of unlabeled images into a set of semantic classes. Many methods have been proposed to approach this goal by leveraging visual appearances of local patches in images. However, the spatial context between these local patches also provides significant information to improve the classification accuracy. Traditional spatial contextual models, such as two-dimensional hidden Markov model, attempt to construct one common model for each image category to depict the spatial structures of the images in this class. However due to large intra-class variances in an image category, one single model has difficulties in representing various spatial contexts in different images. In contrast, we propose to construct a prototype set of spatial contextual models by leveraging the kernel methods rather than only one model. Such an algorithm combines the advantages of rich representation ability of spatial contextual models as well as the powerful classification ability of kernel method. In particular, we propose a new distance measure between different spatial contextual models by integrating joint appearance-spatial image features. Such a distance measure can be efficiently computed in a recursive formulation that scales well to image size. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches.
Demonstration: Rapid one-shot acquisition of dynamic VR avatars (2017)

In this demonstration, we showcase a system for rapid acquisition of bespoke avatars for each participant (subject) in a social VR environment is presented. For each subject, the system automatically customizes a parametric avatar model to match the captured subject by adjusting its overall height, body and face shape parameters and generating a custom face texture.
Magnetic Field and Geometry Effects on Finding Plasma Potential with a Cylindrical Impedance Probe (2012)

Abstract : A recent rf technique for determining plasma potential, using an impedance probe is predicted to be independent of probe geometry, magnetic field, and orientation. We test this for a cylindrical probe used in recent studies aimed at finding both plasma potential and the electron distribution function, f(epsilon), in the absence of a magnetic field. In the presence of a magnetic field, electron plasma resonances seen by impedance probes are shifted to the upper hybrid frequency and measurements of n(e) using a probe of cylindrical geometry can be strongly affected by orientation. However, in this note we demonstrate that measurement of plasma potential is not. The technique is based on combined experimental and theoretical methods developed in the Charged Particle Physics Branch at the Naval Research Laboratory. Earlier references to our work describe determination of electron density, n(e), and the construction of f(epsilon) for the cylindrical impedance probe in the absence of a magnetic field. The method has general application to diverse areas of plasma investigations in the laboratory or in space plasma measurement application.
Design and <i>In Vivo</i> Evaluation of a Non-Invasive Transabdominal Fetal Pulse Oximeter (2020)

TFO has the potential to improve fetal outcomes by providing obstetricians with a non-invasive measure of fetal oxygen saturation prior to delivery.
WE‐EF‐207‐10: Striped Ratio Grids: A New Concept for Scatter Estimation (2015)

Purpose: To propose a new method for estimating scatter in x‐ray imaging. We propose the “striped ratio grid,” an anti‐scatter grid with alternating stripes of high scatter rejection (attained, for example, by high grid ratio) and low scatter rejection. To minimize artifacts, stripes are oriented parallel to the direction of the ramp filter. Signal discontinuities at the boundaries between stripes provide information on local scatter content, although these discontinuities are contaminated by variation in primary radiation. Methods: We emulated a striped ratio grid by imaging phantoms with two sequential CT scans, one with and one without a conventional grid, and processed them together to mimic a striped ratio grid. Two phantoms were scanned with the emulated striped ratio grid and compared with a conventional anti‐scatter grid and a fan‐beam acquisition, which served as ground truth. A nonlinear image processing algorithm was developed to mitigate the problem of primary variation. Results: The emulated striped ratio grid reduced scatter more effectively than the conventional grid alone. Contrast is thereby improved in projection imaging. In CT imaging, cupping is markedly reduced. Artifacts introduced by the striped ratio grid appear to be minimal. Conclusion: Striped ratio grids could be a simple and effective evolution of conventional anti‐scatter grids. Unlike several other approaches currently under investigation for scatter management, striped ratio grids require minimal computation, little new hardware (at least for systems which already use removable grids) and impose few assumptions on the nature of the object being scanned.
Wideband contactless current sensing using hybrid magnetoresistor-Rogowski sensor in high frequency power electronic converters (2018)

High frequency power electronic converters having switching frequency higher than 1MHz require wideband, isolated and loss-less current measurement for effective controls, diagnostics and prognostics. In this work, we propose a wideband and contactless current sensing method for isolated and loss-less current measurement in high frequency power electronic converters. The proposed method combines two different sensing technologies — a Magnetoresistor sensor and a differential Rogowski coil sensor, which have complementary characteristics to achieve a wide sensing bandwidth. We demonstrate through hardware prototypes and experiments that the proposed hybrid sensor yields to a very high sensing bandwidth of DC to 10MHz. The performance of the hybrid sensor is also evaluated in a 1MHz buck converter.
Waveguide-mode resonance biosensor development (2005)

A new class of highly sensitive bio- and chemical sensors that utilizes a resonant waveguide grating is developed. This fibertip resonant sensor may be applicable to medical diagnostics, drug development, environmental monitoring, and homeland security.
Toward Understanding of the Peanut Maturity Classification Process (2020)

Highlights The manual mesocarp color-based classification process for runner peanuts was investigated to inform the development of an automatic method for peanut maturity classification. The results show that the maturity classification process is not solely dependent on mesocarp color. Other factors, such as the shape of the sample distribution, are considered during the manual process. Color detection and distribution shape should be considered in the future development of automatic peanut maturity classification system. Abstract . Optimizing the harvest date is essential for maximizing peanut yields and ensuring top-quality peanuts. Currently, the most popular and acceptable method for peanut maturity classification is a manual method called the peanut profile board, which is based on the color of the peanut’s mesocarp layer. An automated system could greatly improve the efficiency of the current manual method. However, little research has been done on the manual method, so there is not enough insight to guide the development of an automatic system. In this study, the aim was to analyze the process of using the peanut profile board and gather relevant information for developing an automatic method for peanut maturity classification. Specifically, a GoPro camera was used to record on-site sample classification by trained human classifiers. Classification times were analyzed through the recorded videos, and the classification results were compared with a solely color-based classification method to see if trained classifiers consider factors other than color. With an average classification time of 11.98 s per peanut, the Black 1 color category required more classification time than the other color categories, which indicates that Black 1 is most important for maturity classification. The results from the solely color-based classification method had an average color matching rate of 69.3% with the results of the trained classifiers, which indicates that peanut maturity evaluation is not based only on color. The maturity prediction, defined as the ratio of the number of peanuts in the combined brown and black categories to the total sample size, differed by an average of only 13.4% between the two classification methods. This indicates that mesocarp color is the major factor for peanut maturity classification. Overall, the results of this study prove the feasibility of automated color detection and classification for peanut maturity evaluation. Future development of such a system will benefit from the insights found in this study. Keywords: Color classification, Peanut classification time, Peanut maturity classification procedure.
New Proton Conducting Solid Sulfide Membranes for Intermediate Temperature Fuel Cells (2003)

Objectives • Investigate a new class of inorganic sulfide-based proton conducting membranes for hydrogen fuel cell applications. • Produce anhydrous solid membranes having minimal fuel crossover capability and address many of the problems associated with current hydrogen fuel cell technologies. • Optimize membrane materials to yield high proton conductivities (10-3 to 10-1 S/cm) in the intermediate temperature range of 125oC to 300oC. • Demonstrate performance, thermally stability, and chemical stablility to H2O and O2 in a typical fuel cell setup at operating temperatures.
CVD Of Thin Films From Single Organometallic Precursors (1996)

Method of forming thin inorganic films involves chemical vapor deposition (CVD) from single organometallic precursors. No toxic constituents, minimizes impurities, and yields films having substantially uniform crystal structure and composition. Especially suitable for depositing high-quality passivating or buffer layers of GaS on GaAs semiconductor substrates. Also applicable to formation of high-quality films for purposes other than buffering or passivation, and to different materials in which another element from same group in periodic table of elements substituted for all or portion of each element in GaS/GaAs system.
A scintillation detector signal processing technique with active pileup prevention for extending scintillation count rates (1998)

A new method for processing signals from scintillation detectors is proposed for very high count-rate situations where multiple-event pileups are the norm. This method is designed to sort out and recover every impinging event from multiple-event pileups while maximizing the collection of scintillation signal for every event to achieve optimal accuracy in determining the energy of the event. For every detected event, this method cancels the remnant signals from previous events, and excludes the pileup of signals from following events. With this technique, pileup events can be recovered and the energy of every recovered event can be optimally measured despite multiple pileups. A prototype circuit demonstrated that the maximum count rates have been increased by more than 10 times, comparing to the standard pulse-shaping method, while the energy resolution is as good as that of the pulse shaping (or the fixed integration) method at normal count rates. At 2/spl times/10/sup 6/ events/sec for NaI(Tl), the true counts acquired are 3 times more than the delay-line clipping method (commonly used in fast processing designs) due to events recovered from pileups. Pulse-height spectra up to 3.5/spl times/10/sup 6/ events/sec have been studied.
Development of a mobile user interface for image-based dietary assessment (2010)

In this paper, we present a mobile user interface for image-based dietary assessment. The mobile user interface provides a front end to a client-server image recognition and portion estimation software. In the client-server configuration, the user interactively records a series of food images using a built-in camera on the mobile device. Images are sent from the mobile device to the server, and the calorie content of the meal is estimated. In this paper, we describe and discuss the design and development of our mobile user interface features. We discuss the design concepts, through initial ideas and implementations. For each concept, we discuss qualitative user feedback from participants using the mobile client application. We then discuss future designs, including work on design considerations for the mobile application to allow the user to interactively correct errors in the automatic processing while reducing the user burden associated with classical pen-and-paper dietary records.
Fasoracetam in adolescents with ADHD and glutamatergic gene network variants disrupting mGluR neurotransmitter signaling (2017)

The glutamatergic neurotransmitter system may play an important role in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This 5-week, open-label, single-blind, placebo-controlled study reports the safety, pharmacokinetics and responsiveness of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activator fasoracetam (NFC-1), in 30 adolescents, age 12-17 years with ADHD, harboring mutations in mGluR network genes. Mutation status was double-blinded. A single-dose pharmacokinetic profiling from 50-800 mg was followed by a single-blind placebo at week 1 and subsequent symptom-driven dose advancement up to 400 mg BID for 4 weeks. NFC-1 treatment resulted in significant improvement. Mean Clinical Global Impressions-Improvement (CGI-I) and Severity (CGI-S) scores were, respectively, 3.79 at baseline vs. 2.33 at week 5 (P < 0.001) and 4.83 at baseline vs. 3.86 at week 5 (P < 0.001). Parental Vanderbilt scores showed significant improvement for subjects with mGluR Tier 1 variants (P < 0.035). There were no differences in the incidence of adverse events between placebo week and weeks on active drug. The trial is registered at https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT02286817 .
Design and evaluation of a 3D transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy system (2008)

Biopsy of the prostate using ultrasound guidance is the clinical gold standard for diagnosis of prostate adenocarcinoma. The current prostate biopsy procedure is limited to using 2D transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) images to target biopsy sites and record biopsy core locations for postbiopsy confirmation. Localization of the 2D image in its actual 3D position is ambiguous and limits procedural accuracy and reproducibility. We have developed a 3D TRUS prostate biopsy system that provides 3D intrabiopsy information for needle guidance and biopsy location recording. The system conforms to the workflow and imaging technology of the current biopsy procedure, making it easier for clinical integration. In this paper, we describe the system design and validate the system accuracy by performing mock biopsies on US/CT multimodal patient-specific prostate phantoms. Our biopsy system generated 3D patient-specific models of the prostate with volume errors less than 3.5% and mean boundary errors of less than 1 mm. Using the 3D biopsy system, needles were guided to within 2.3 +/- 1.0 mm of 3D targets and with a high probability of biopsying clinically significant tumors. The positions of the actual biopsy sites were accurately localized to within 1.5 +/- 0.8 mm.
Active Control of Memory for Java Virtual Machines and Applications (2014)

A controller is implemented to manage memory as an elastic resource similar to computing cycles for Java applications. The controller actively arbitrates constrained memory between collocated JVMs in response to demand. A key aspect of the work is that JVM metrics are used as proxies for application KPIs so that application performance instrumentation and modeling are not required. A metric corresponding to the allocation rate of memory is derived from the JVMmetrics and established as the measure of application performance and is used as the effective feedback mechanism to the controller. The controller is based on a fair share policy in which memory is distributed to equalize the marginal performance value to all JVMs. The design is tested for effectiveness and stability using the suite of SPECjvm2008 and SPECjbb2005 benchmarks.