gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Solid-State Synthesis of Nanostructured Silicon (2010)

Nanostructured silicon has recently been identified as an attractive material for a wide variety of uses from energy conversion and storage to biological applications. Here we present a new, rapid method of producing high-purity, nanostructured, unfunctionalized silicon via solid-state metathesis (SSM) in a matter of seconds. The silicon forms in a double displacement reaction between silicon tetraiodide and an alkaline earth silicide precursor. The products are characterized using powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Depending on the silicide precursor used, two different morphologies are obtained, either nanoparticles or dendritic nanowires. The variations in the morphologies are attributed to differences in the kinetics of the reactions.
Method of and apparatus for sonar detection and the like with plural substantially orthogonal radiation beams (1979)

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Experimental Investigation of Cooling Performance of Metal-Based Microchannels (2009)

Metal-based microchannel heat exchangers (MHEs) are of current interest due to the combination of high heat transfer performance and improved mechanical integrity. Efficient methods for fabrication and assembly of functional metal-based MHEs are essential to ensure the economic viability of such devices. Al- and Cu-based high-aspect-ratio microscale structures (HARMS) have been fabricated through molding replication using metallic mold inserts. Such metallic HARMS were assembled through eutectic bonding to form Al- and Cu-based MHEs, on which heat transfer tests were conducted to determine the overall cooling rate and time constants. Electrically heated Cu blocks were placed outside the MHEs and provided a constant flux, and water flowing within the microchannels acted as the coolant. Experimental results show a great influence of the type of metal, flow rate, and the surrounding conditions on the overall cooling performance of the MHEs.
Dissipativity-based adaptive and robust control of UPS in unbalanced operation (2002)

In this paper we investigate the output voltage control for three phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) using controllers based on ideas of dissipativity. To provide balanced sinusoidal output voltages even in the presence of nonlinear and unbalanced loads, we first derive a dissipativity-based controller using a conventional /spl alpha//spl beta/ (fixed frame) representation of system dynamics and a frequency-domain representation of system disturbances. Adaptive refinements have been added to the controller to cope with parametric uncertainties. Second, based on the structure of the first adaptive controller and avoiding estimation of one of the parameters, we propose a controller, which leads to an LTI closed loop system and which is directly connected to synchronous frame harmonic voltage control. For the proposed solution, a sufficient condition in terms of the design parameters is presented to guarantee stability of the desired equilibrium and robustness against some parameter uncertainties. Finally, simulation and experimental results on a three-phase prototype show the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed approach.
Increasing the Accuracy and Coverage of SQL Progress Indicators (2005)

Recently, progress indicators have been proposed for long-running SQL queries in RDBMSs. Although the proposed techniques work well for a subset of SQL queries, they are preliminary in the sense that (1) they cannot provide non-trivial estimates for some SQL queries, and (2) the provided estimates can be rather imprecise in certain cases. In this paper, we consider the problem of supporting non-trivial progress indicators for a wider class of SQL queries with more precise estimates. We present a set of techniques in achieving this goal. We report an initial implementation of these techniques in PostgreSQL.
Merkel Polyomavirus-Specific T Cells Fluctuate with Merkel Cell Carcinoma Burden and Express Therapeutically Targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 Exhaustion Markers (2013)

Abstract Purpose: The persistent expression of Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) oncoproteins in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) provides a unique opportunity to characterize immune evasion mechanisms in human cancer. We isolated MCPyV-specific T cells and determined their frequency and functional status. Experimental Design: Multiparameter flow cytometry panels and HLA/peptide tetramers were used to identify and characterize T cells from tumors (n = 7) and blood (n = 18) of patients with MCC and control subjects (n = 10). PD-1 ligand (PD-L1) and CD8 expression within tumors were determined using mRNA profiling (n = 35) and immunohistochemistry (n = 13). Results: MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells were detected directly ex vivo from the blood samples of 7 out of 11 (64%) patients with MCPyV-positive tumors. In contrast, 0 of 10 control subjects had detectable levels of these cells in their blood (P &lt; 0.01). MCPyV-specific T cells in serial blood specimens increased with MCC disease progression and decreased with effective therapy. MCPyV-specific CD8 T cells and MCC-infiltrating lymphocytes expressed higher levels of therapeutically targetable PD-1 and Tim-3 inhibitory receptors compared with T cells specific to other human viruses (P &lt; 0.01). PD-L1 was present in 9 of 13 (69%) MCCs and its expression was correlated with CD8-lymphocyte infiltration. Conclusions: MCC-targeting T cells expand with tumor burden and express high levels of immune checkpoint receptors PD-1 and Tim-3. Reversal of these inhibitory pathways is therefore a promising therapeutic approach for this virus-driven cancer. Clin Cancer Res; 19(19); 5351–60. ©2013 AACR.
Controlled Drug Delivery from Polymers by Mechanical Signals (2001)

Using mechanical signals to control the release of drugs from polymers is an attractive option for drug administration. Two types of model systems (see Figure), one where the drug molecules do not interact with the polymer matrix and the other where both free and bound drug molecules are present, are considered in this work and the results with three different model drugs incorporated into hydrogels are reported.
New inhibitors against Herpes viruses (2015)

T protein modeling and virtual drug screening were performed to identify new inhibitors of Herpes virus DNA polymerase, a key enzyme in the viral replication cycle. Twelve potential inhibitors were identified, purchased and evaluated by plaque assays. Two compounds (Nos 2 and 9) were particularly active against HSV-1, HSV-2 and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and one compound (No 3) inhibited more specifically human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV). These compounds exhibited activity against wild-type viruses and strains resistant to current antiviral agents, i.e. nucleoside and pyrophosphate analogues, with IC50 values between 3 and 10 μM. Furthermore, compounds 2 and 3 had good cellular permeability and metabolic stability as determined by parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) and microsomal stability assay, respectively. Derivatives of these compounds were also synthesized to evaluate their activity against representative strains of HSV-1, HSV-2, VZV and HCMV as well as their toxicity on different cell lines. One fluoro derivative of compound 2 (No 20) retained excellent activity against HSV-1, HSV-2 and VZV with a therapeutic index near 10 in Vero cells. In conclusion, we discovered a new class of non-nucleosidic Herpes virus inhibitors with in vitro activity against drug-resistant clinical isolates that warrant further pre-clinical studies.
Polarization Modulation Using Wave Plates to Enhance Foveal Fixation Detection in Retinal Birefringence Scanning for Pediatric Vision Screening Purposes (2009)

To enhance foveal fixation detection while bypassing the deleterious effects of corneal birefringence in binocular retinal birefringence scanning (RBS) for pediatric vision screening purposes, a new RBS design was developed incorporating a double-pass spinning half wave plate (HWP) combined with a fixed double-pass retarder into the optical system. The spinning HWP enables essential differential polarization detection with only one detector, easing constraints on optical alignment and electronic balancing, and together with a fixed wave plate, this differential RBS signal can be detected essentially independent of various corneal retardances and azimuths. Utilizing the measured corneal birefringence from a dataset of 300 human eyes, an algorithm was developed in MATLAB for optimizing the properties of both wave plates to statistically maximize the RBS signal, while having the greatest independence from left and right eye corneal birefringence. Foveal fixation detection was optimized with the HWP spun 9/16 as fast as the circular scan, with the fixed retarder having a retardance of 45 degrees and fast axis at 90 degrees. Combined with bull's-eye focus detection, this computeroptimized RBS design promises to provide an effective screening instrument for automatic identification of infants at risk for amblyopia, the leading cause of vision loss in childhood.
Adaptable Diffraction Gratings With Wavefront Transformation (2010)

Diffraction gratings are optical components with regular patterns of grooves, which angularly disperse incoming light by wavelength. Traditional diffraction gratings have static planar, concave, or convex surfaces. However, if they could be made so that they can change the surface curvature at will, then they would be able to focus on particular segments, self-calibrate, or perform fine adjustments. This innovation creates a diffraction grating on a deformable surface. This surface could be bent at will, resulting in a dynamic wavefront transformation. This allows for self-calibration, compensation for aberrations, enhancing image resolution in a particular area, or performing multiple scans using different wavelengths. A dynamic grating gives scientists a new ability to explore wavefronts from a variety of viewpoints.
Terahertz sources based on Čerenkov difference-frequency generation in quantum cascade lasers (2012)

We report room-temperature terahertz sources based on Čerenkov difference-frequency generation in dual-wavelength mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers with giant resonant optical nonlinearities originating from intersubband transitions. A Čerenkov difference-frequency generation scheme allows for extraction of THz radiation along the whole length of the laser waveguide and provides directional terahertz emission. Experimentally, our sources demonstrate a conversion efficiency of up to 70 μW/W2 approximately an order of magnitude improvement over the previous reports.
Scalable and optimal coalition formation of microgrids in a distribution system (2014)

This paper presents an optimal coalition formation mechanism of microgrids in a smart distribution system and analyzes the characteristics from the coalitional game theoretical perspective. Microgrids coalitions can minimize the energy burden and dependency on the utility grid by maximizing intra-coalition energy transfer. A Hierarchical Coalition Formation (HR Coalition) mechanism is designed to form cooperative microgrids by determining optimal coalition among microgrids. The optimality is realized by reaching a state of cooperative equilibrium where sticking to the associated coalitions is the best response for all microgirds. We argued that the proposed HR Coalition scheme contains the optimality property and is proved to be scalable enough to participate in real-time operation. An equivalent pricing mechanism is also designed to support the coalition formation. Conducted simulation results back the claims while presenting the effectiveness of the proposed method in terms of forming optimal coalition and minimizing loss in distribution system.
Hollow-Core Photonic Bandgap Fibers with Broadband Negative Dispersion Slope (2009)

Hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers exhibiting negative dispersion slope over a wide wavelength range around one micron for the fundamental air-core mode are presented by the introduction of partial reflector layer around the core.
Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies Program – Final Report of the Honda-DRI Team Volume III: Appendix K (2011)

The Advanced Crash Avoidance Technologies (ACAT) program initiated by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration had two major objectives. These are to develop a standardized Safety Impact Methodology (SIM) tool to evaluate the effectiveness of advanced technologies in mitigating specific types of vehicle crash avoidance crashes; and to develop and demonstrate objective tests that are used in the SIM to verify the safety impact of a real system. Honda and Dynamic Research Inc. (DRI) had been developing and applying such a SIM for several years and DRI with Honda's support entered into a Cooperative Agreement with NHTSA to extend the existing SIM, which provides an estimate of full systems safety benefits at the US level. Objective tests that produce quantifiable, repeatable and reproducible results were developed to ensure that a crash avoidance countermeasure meets system performance specifications, and that the results are directly linked to the safety needs and sample of technology-relevant crashes being addressed. The objective tests, which are based on dynamic reconstructions of a sub-sample of technology-relevant real crashes, include Track tests with an expert driver using automatically guided soft targets (GSTs) of an automobile and of a pedestrian; and Driving Simulator tests with a jury of 12 typical drivers, in order to evaluate driver-vehicle system response and to measure the driver's and vehicle's response characteristics to system warnings and interventions. Results from the objective tests were used to parameterize, calibrate and validate the SIM tool, which was then used to estimate US-level benefits. The delivered SIM tool includes modules for automated reconstruction of conflict and crash scenarios from available databases; definition and sampling of Technology Relevant Crash Types; dynamic simulations involving a human-vehicle-device-environmental model; and an overall safety effects estimator. An example application of the extended SIM tool and developed objective tests involved evaluation of Honda’s prototype Advanced Collision Mitigation Brake System (A-CMBS).
Biocontrol Potential of<i>Metchnikowia pulcherrima</i>Strains Against Blue Mold of Apple (2001)

ABSTRACT Eight strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima isolated over a 4-year period from an unmanaged orchard and selected for their biocontrol activity against blue mold (caused by Penicillium expansum) of apples were characterized phenotypically, genetically, and for their biocontrol potential against blue mold on apples. All strains grew well and only differed slightly in their growth in nutrient yeast dextrose broth medium at 1 degrees C after 216 h, but large differences occurred at 0 degrees C, with strain T5-A2 outgrowing other strains by more than 25% transmittance after 360 h. This strain was also one of the most resistant to diphenylamine (DPA), a postharvest antioxidant treatment. All strains required biotin for growth in minimum salt (MS) medium, although strain ST2-A10 grew slightly in MS medium containing riboflavin or folic acid, as did ST3-E1 in MS medium without vitamins. None of the strains produced killer toxins against an indicator strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Analysis of Biolog data from YT plates for all eight strains using the MLCLUST program resulted in separation of the strains into one major cluster containing four strains and four scattered strains from which strain ST1-D10 was the most distant from all other strains. This was particularly apparent in 3-D and principle component analysis. Genetic differentiation of the eight strains using maximum parsimony analysis of nucleotide sequences from domain D1/D2 of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA resulted in detection of two clades. Strain ST1-D10 grouped with the type strain of M. pulcherrima but the remaining seven strains grouped separately, which might possibly represent a new species. All strains significantly reduced blue mold on mature Golden Delicious apples during 1 month of storage at 1 degrees C followed by 7 days at room temperature, but strains T5-A2 and T4-A2 were distinctly more effective under these conditions. Strain T5-A2 also was the most effective in tests on harvest mature apples treated with the lowest concentration of the antagonist and stored for 3 months at 0.5 degrees C. Populations of all eight strains increased in apple wounds by approximately 2 log units after 1 month at 1 degrees C followed by 5 days at 24 degrees C. Our results indicate that M. pulcherrima is an excellent candidate for biological control of postharvest diseases of pome fruit. The variation in phenotypic, genetic, and biocontrol characteristics among strains of M. pulcherrima isolated from the same orchard should make it possible to select antagonists with characteristics that are most desirable for postharvest application.
Agile Paging: Exceeding the Best of Nested and Shadow Paging (2016)

Virtualization provides benefits for many workloads, but the overheads of virtualizing memory are not universally low. The cost comes from managing two levels of address translation - one in the guest virtual machine (VM) and the other in the host virtual machine monitor (VMM) - with either nested or shadow paging. Nested paging directly performs a two-level page walk that makes TLB misses slower than unvirtualized native, but enables fast page tables changes. Alternatively, shadow paging restores native TLB miss speeds, but requires costly VMM intervention on page table updates. This paper proposes agile paging that combines both techniques and exceeds the best of both. A virtualized page walk starts with shadow paging and optionally switches in the same page walk to nested paging where frequent page table updates would cause costly VMM interventions. Agile paging enables most TLB misses to be handled as fast as native while most page table changes avoid VMM intervention. It requires modest changes to hardware (e.g., demark when to switch) and VMM policies (e.g., predict good switching opportunities). We emulate the proposed hardware and prototype the software in Linux with KVM on x86-64. Agile paging performs more than 12% better than the best of the two techniques and comes within 4% of native execution for all workloads.
Proteomic-Based Prognosis of Brain Tumor Patients Using Direct-Tissue Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Clinical diagnosis and treatment decisions for a subset of primary human brain tumors, gliomas, are based almost exclusively on tissue histology. Approaches for glioma diagnosis can be highly subjective due to the heterogeneity and infiltrative nature of these tumors and depend on the skill of the neuropathologist. There is therefore a critical need to develop more precise, non-subjective, and systematic methods to classify human gliomas. To this end, mass spectrometric analysis has been applied to these tumors to determine glioma-specific protein patterns. Protein profiles have been obtained from human gliomas of various grades through direct analysis of tissue samples using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MS). Statistical algorithms applied to the MS profiles from tissue sections identified protein patterns that correlated with tumor histology and patient survival. Using a data set of 108 glioma patients, two patient populations, a short-term and a long-term survival group, were identified based on the tissue protein profiles. In addition, a subset of 57 patients diagnosed with high-grade, grade IV, malignant gliomas were analyzed and a novel classification scheme that segregated short-term and long-term survival patients based on the proteomic profiles was developed. The protein patterns described served as an independent indicator of patient survival. These results show that this new molecular approach to monitoring gliomas can provide clinically relevant information on tumor malignancy and is suitable for high-throughput clinical screening.
Prunable S-random interleavers (2003)

We propose a variation of the algorithm for the construction of "spread" or S-random interleavers. This new version guarantees good spread properties that are also maintained under pruning. This makes this kind of interleaver attractive for those applications which require flexible size interleavers, such as flexible block size turbo codes, and flexible rate serially concatenated turbo codes.
Towards developing commercialized real-time PCR kits for the detection of avian pathogens. (2005)

Various formats of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection methods such as conventional/nested agarose, colorimetric and in situ have been developed and tested against important avian viruses. However, most of these techniques failed to detect and differentiate vaccine and field strains. Even though PCR is a sensitive detection method, the importance of positive detection of an agent in terms of disease manifestation is poorly characterized. Recent studies using real-time PCR shows great promises in the detection and quantification of specific pathogens. Our group has been interested to develop and validate real-time PCR assay for important avian pathogens such as Newcastle disease virus (NDV), avian influenza virus (AIV), infectious bursa disease virus (IBDV), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and chicken anaemia virus (CAV). By using a novel real-time PCR technology we have developed an assay that is able to detect different strains of IBDV (Malaysian Patent PI 20044610). The optimized PCR technology was transformed into a prototype kit, IBDReal Check. The performance of the kit in comparison to other established IBD detection tests are currently being tested using both control experimental and clinical bursal samples. Work is underway on the development of patented PCR technologies for the detection of other important avian pathogens such as NDV and AIV.\n
Distributed Medium Access Control with Flow-Based Priority for Cooperative Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

Medium access control for a distributed cooperative wireless sensor network is examined. Using a quality-of-service approach, the sensor node traffic (control and data packets) within these cooperative networks is characterized. A novel medium access control mechanism, cooperative wireless sensor medium access control (CWS-MAC), is proposed to meet the requirements of the control and data traffic classes. CWS-MAC couples a high throughput TDMA scheme with a unique cross-layer, flow-based priority mechanism that is enforced across nodes. Design parameters for CWS-MAC are investigated and an implementation strategy is presented. Performance analysis of CWS-MAC is provided for the control packet mean delay as well as control and data packet throughput. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate that CWS-MAC outperforms both traditional TDMA and contention-based CSMA.
Development of a validated patient-reported symptom metric for pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis: qualitative methods (2011)

To capture the full impact of pediatric EoE, both histologic findings and PROs need to be included as equally important outcome measures. We have developed the face and content validated Pediatric Eosinophilic Esophagitis Symptom Score (PEESS™ v2.0). The PEESS™ v2.0 metric is now undergoing multisite national field testing as the next iterative instrument development phase.