gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How nature designs light-harvesting antenna systems: design principles and functional realization in chlorophototrophic prokaryotes (2017)

Chlorophyll-based phototrophs, or chlorophototrophs, convert light energy into stored chemical potential energy using two types of photochemical reaction center (RC), denoted type-1 and type-2. After excitation with light, a so-called special pair of chlorophylls in the RC is oxidized, and an acceptor is reduced. To ensure that RCs function at maximal rates in diffuse and variable light conditions, chlorophototrophs have independently evolved diverse light-harvesting antenna systems to rapidly and efficiently transfer that energy to the RCs. Energy transfer between weakly coupled chromophores is generally believed to proceed by resonance energy transfer, a dipole-induced-dipole process that was initially described theoretically by Förster. Nature principally optimizes three parameters in antenna systems: the distance separating the donor and acceptor chromophores, the relative orientations of those chromophores, and the spectral overlap between the donor and the acceptor chromophores. However, there are other important biological parameters that nature has optimized, and some common themes emerge from comparisons of different antenna systems. This tutorial considers structural and functional characteristics of three fundamentally different light-harvesting antenna systems of chlorophotrophic bacteria: phycobilisomes of cyanobacteria, the light-harvesting complexes (LH1 and LH2) of purple bacteria, and chlorosomes of green bacteria. Phycobilisomes are generally considered to represent an antenna system in which the chromophores are weakly coupled, while the strongly coupled bacteriochlorophyll molecules in LH1 and LH2 are strongly coupled and are better described by exciton theory. Chlorosomes can contain up to 250 000 bacteriochlorophyll molecules, which are very strongly coupled and form supramolecular, nanotubular arrays. The general and specific principles that have been optimized by natural selection during the evolution of these diverse light-harvesting antenna systems are discussed.
Novel Arylhydrazone-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with DNA-Cleaving Ability: The First DNA-Nicking Nanomaterial (2007)

Arylhydrazones were linked onto gold nanoparticles through the poly(ethylene glycol) spacer to produce a new type of photoinduced DNA-cleaving nanomaterials with great potency.
Efficacy and Safety of Seltorexant as Adjunctive Therapy in Major Depressive Disorder: A Phase 2b, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Adaptive Dose-Finding Study (2021)

Poster presented at 58th Annual Meeting of American College of Neuropsychopharmacology (ACNP), December 8-11, 2019, Orlando, FL.
Development of a high resolution module for PET scanners (2017)

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners require high performances in term of spatial resolution and sensitivity to allow early detection of cancer masses. In small animal and organ dedicated PET scanners the Depth of Interaction (DOI) information has to be obtained to avoid parallax errors and to reconstruct high resolution images. In the whole body PET, the DOI information can be useful to correct for the time jitter of the optical photons along the main axis of the scintillator, improving the time performances. In this work we present the development of PET module designed to reach high performance as compared to the current scanners while keeping the complexity of the system reasonably low. The module presented is based on a 64 LYSO (Lutetium-yttrium oxyorthosilicate) crystals matrix and on a 4×4 MPPC (Multi Pixels Photon Counter) array as detector in a 4 to 1 coupling between the crystals and the detector and a single side readout. The lateral surfaces of the crystals are optically treated to be unpolished. The DOI and the energy resolution of the PET module are presented and a fast method to obtain the DOI calibration is discussed.
Review of hybrid and continuous-time self-tuning controllers and analysis of an LQ design (1991)

A review of various explicit self-tuning control schemes is presented and both the parameter estimation and control law are discussed. A hybrid indirect, linear quadratic (LQ), self-tuning control of a continuous-time linear plant is investigated. In this paper, the 'hybrid' algorithm implements the parameter estimation and controller parameter adjustment on a discrete-time basis and the control loop operates in continuous-time. Comparisons are given of continuous-time, hybrid and discrete-time LQ self-tuning controllers for the simulation of a DC motor position controlled servo-system.
Developing a successful alternative maternity unit. (1987)

The users of maternity services are becoming increasingly interested in alternative delivery options, as a result hospitals are developing customer oriented, competitive maternity services. In this article, the author describes one hospital's efforts at developing a customer oriented family birthing center: the rationale, the benefits, the marketing and the satisfying results.
Ruthenium and osmium complexes of N,O chelators: syntheses, oxidation levels, and distortion parameters (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRuthenium and osmium complexes of N,O chelators: syntheses, oxidation levels, and distortion parametersGoutam Kumar Lahiri, Samaresh Bhattacharya, Barindra Kumar Ghosh, and Animesh ChakravortyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 26, 4324–4331Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00273a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00273a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views477Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ascorbic Acid Reverses Endothelial Vasomotor Dysfunction in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (1996)

Ascorbic acid reverses endothelial vasomotor dysfunction in the brachial circulation of patients with coronary artery disease. These findings suggest that increased oxidative stress contributes to endothelial dysfunction in patients with atherosclerosis and that endothelial dysfunction may respond to antioxidant therapy.
<scp>d</scp>-Mannose-Modified Iron Oxide Nanoparticles for Stem Cell Labeling (2007)

New surface-modified iron oxide nanoparticles were developed by precipitation of Fe(II) and Fe(III) salts with ammonium hydroxide according to two methods. In the first method, precipitation was done in the presence of D-mannose solution (in situ coating); the second method involved oxidation of precipitated magnetite with sodium hypochlorite followed by addition of D-mannose solution (postsynthesis coating). Selected nanoparticles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), elemental analysis, dynamic light scattering, infrared (IR), X-ray powder analysis, and ultrasonic spectrometry. While the first preparation method produced very fine nanoparticles ca. 2 nm in diameter, the second one yielded ca. 6 nm particles. Addition of D-mannose after synthesis did not affect the iron oxide particle size. UV-vis spectroscopy suggested that D-mannose suppresses the nonspecific sorption of serum proteins from DMEM culture medium on magnetic nanoparticles. Rat bone marrow stromal cells (rMSCs) were labeled with uncoated and d-mannose-modified iron oxide nanoparticles and with Endorem (Guerbet, France; control). Optical and transmission electron microscopy confirmed the presence of D-mannose-modified iron oxide nanoparticles inside the cells. D-mannose-modified nanoparticles crossed the cell membranes and were internalized well by the cells. Relaxivity measurements of labeled cells in gelatin revealed very high relaxivities only for postsynthesis D-mannose-coated iron oxide nanoparticles.
Design of a MUC1-based cancer vaccine (2005)

The epithelial type 1 transmembrane mucin MUC1 is long-established as a marker for monitoring recurrence of breast cancer, and beyond its diagnostic marker qualities, it is a promising target for immunotherapeutic strategies to treat cancer by active specific immunization. The mucin is able to break tolerance and to induce humoral immune responses in healthy subjects and in cancer patients, but the response is generally weak. These natural responses to tumour-associated MUC1 glycoforms indicate that antibody reactivities are more directed to glycopeptide than to non-glycosylated peptide epitopes. To overcome the weak immunogenicity of heavily O-glycosylated MUC1, the question of whether O-linked glycans remain intact during processing in the MHC class II pathway was addressed. Attempts were made to define site-specific O-glycosylation and the structural requirements for efficient endosomal proteolysis by cathepsin L in dendritic cells. A fraction of glycopeptides survive the processing machinery, and have the capacity to bind to MHC class II and to activate sub-populations of glycopeptide-specific helper T-cell clones as a prerequisite for strong and long-lasting immune responses to MUC1-positive tumours. Moreover, studies on clusters of sequence-variant repeats, which are interspersed in the repeat domain of MUC1 at high frequency, have revealed that a limited set of concerted amino-acid replacements (Asp-Thr0-Arg1-Pro10 to Glu-Ser0-Arg1-Ala10) contributes considerably to increased peptide flexibility and to under-glycosylation of sequence-variant repeats which in concert modify immunological features of the mucin. Peptides and glycopeptides with the immunodominant DTR (Asp-Thr-Arg) or with the variant ESR (Glu-Ser-Arg) motif, and highly immunogenic peptides of the degenerate repeats that flank the repeat domain are currently evaluated as potential targets in multi-epitopic adjuvant-based vaccine strategies for their capacity to induce cytotoxic T-cell responses.
Self-Association of Bovine Lung Heparan Sulphates. Identification and Characterization of Contact Zones (1981)

Self-association between various heparan sulphate species and oligosaccharide fragments thereof have been studied by affinity chromatography. Polysaccharides or oligosaccharides were coupled to agarose and free chains were applied at low concentrations (less than or equal to 2 mg/ml) in 0.15 M NaCl to minimize self-association between free chains. The results show that the interaction may be specific. Heparan sulphate chains chiefly bind to gels substituted with cognate chains, i.e. the same kind or closely similar ones. Oligosaccharides of the general structure glucosamine-(iduronate/glucuronate-glucosamine)n--O--C(=CH2)--CHO were prepared by periodate oxidation/alkaline elimination and also coupled to agarose via the --CHO group. Cognate heparan sulphate chains were bound to this affinity matrix with the same affinity as in the case of heparan-sulphate--agarose. Free oligosaccharides were not bound to oligosaccharide-agarose, nor to the corresponding heparan-sulphate--agarose. Oligosaccharides of the same size and containing only iduronate were ineffective as affinity ligands. It is concluded that the segments comprising both iduronate and glucuronate may serve as contact zones in the heparan sulphate/heparan sulphate self-association and that the strength of binding is dependent on cooperative interactions between a number of such zones. The putative contact zones, as ligands on the matrix, showed an emerging lack of specificity as non-associating or unrelated and associating chains were bound to this gel. This is ascribed to a randomization of the contact zones which, in the polymeric chains, are placed in their proper register by the intervening (glucuronate-N-acetylglucosamine)n segments.
Fire detection with a combined ultrasonic-microwave Doppler sensor (2002)

The combination of ultrasonic and microwave sensors offers versatile sensor applications and new solutions in terms of reliability of decision and robustness against distortions. For motion detection in an intruder alarm system, the redundant sensor information from the Doppler multisensor is used to distinguish a moving person from distortions. The superior performance is based on the fact that a moving person causes coherent frequencies of the ultrasound and the microwave Doppler signal, whereas noise and distortions influence both waves differently. In this paper, a new complementary approach is described to recognise a fire as the source of a corrupted coherence between the ultrasonic and the microwave Doppler signal. As a result, a comprehensive protection system for both motion tracking and fire detection is presented which is very sensitive, fast in response, and robust against false alarms. Results from measurements with 40 kHz ultrasound and 24 GHz microwaves show the potential of the new approach.
kvasir: Release for Publication (2016)

Studies on HIV virology and pathogenesis address the complex mechanisms that result in the HIV infection of the cell and destruction of the immune system. These studies are focused on both the structure and the replication characteristics of HIV and on the interaction of the virus with the host. Continuous updating of knowledge on structure, variability and replication of HIV, as well as the characteristics of the host immune response, are essential to refine virological and immunological mechanisms associated with the viral infection and allow us to identify key molecules in the virus life cycle that can be important for the design of new diagnostic assays and specific antiviral drugs and vaccines. In this article we review the characteristics of molecular structure, replication and pathogenesis of HIV, with a particular focus on those aspects that are important for the design of diagnostic assays.
A System for Video-Based Navigation for Endoscopic Endonasal Skull Base Surgery (2011)

Surgeries of the skull base require accuracy to safely navigate the critical anatomy. This is particularly the case for endoscopic endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS) where the surgeons work within millimeters of neurovascular structures at the skull base. Today's navigation systems provide approximately 2 mm accuracy. Accuracy is limited by the indirect relationship of the navigation system, the image and the patient. We propose a method to directly track the position of the endoscope using video data acquired from the endoscope camera. Our method first tracks image feature points in the video and reconstructs the image feature points to produce 3D points, and then registers the reconstructed point cloud to a surface segmented from preoperative computed tomography (CT) data. After the initial registration, the system tracks image features and maintains the 2D-3D correspondence of image features and 3D locations. These data are then used to update the current camera pose. We present a method for validation of our system, which achieves submillimeter (0.70 mm mean) target registration error (TRE) results.
Maximum value projection produces better en face OCT angiograms than mean value projection (2018)

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) images rely on <i>en face</i> data projections for both qualitative and quantitative interpretation. Both maximum value and mean value projections are commonly used, and many researchers consider them essentially interchangeable approaches. On the contrary, we find that maximum value projection achieves a consistently higher signal-to-noise ratio and higher image contrast across multiple vascular layers, in both healthy eyes and for each disease examined.
Interferon-γ Induction of Major Histocompatibility Complex Antigens on Cultured Bovine Luteal Cells1 (1989)

To investigate immunological mechanisms that may be involved in luteal function, the presence of Class I and Class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens on cultured bovine luteal cells was examined. After 72 h in serum-free culture, Class I antigens were markedly expressed on luteal cells, as determined by indirect immunofluorescence, whereas expression of Class II antigens was limited. The expression of MHC antigens on luteal cells was increased by treatment with the T-lymphocyte factor, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). Class I and II antigens were elevated 25% and 370% above controls, respectively, after IFN-gamma exposure. Since the corpus luteum is regulated by luteinizing hormone (LH), luteal cells were treated with either hormone alone or hormone in addition to IFN-gamma, and antigen expression was determined. LH treatment attenuated IFN-gamma-induction of Class II antigens on bovine luteal cells. These observations are the first to demonstrate the presence of MHC antigens on bovine luteal cells and the modulation of antigen expression by the lymphokine IFN-gamma and by LH.
Progressive LiDAR adaptation for road detection (2019)

Despite rapid developments in visual image-based road detection, robustly identifying road areas in visual images remains challenging due to issues like illumination changes and blurry images. To this end, LiDAR sensor data can be incorporated to improve the visual image-based road detection, because LiDAR data is less susceptible to visual noises. However, the main difficulty in introducing LiDAR information into visual image-based road detection is that LiDAR data and its extracted features do not share the same space with the visual data and visual features. Such gaps in spaces may limit the benefits of LiDAR information for road detection. To overcome this issue, we introduce a novel Progressive LiDAR adaptation-aided road detection (PLARD) approach to adapt LiDAR information into visual image-based road detection and improve detection performance. In PLARD, progressive LiDAR adaptation consists of two subsequent modules: 1) data space adaptation, which transforms the LiDAR data to the visual data space to align with the perspective view by applying altitude difference-based transformation; and 2) feature space adaptation, which adapts LiDAR features to visual features through a cascaded fusion structure. Comprehensive empirical studies on the well-known KITTI road detection benchmark demonstrate that PLARD takes advantage of both the visual and LiDAR information, achieving much more robust road detection even in challenging urban scenes. In particular, PLARD outperforms other state-of-the-art road detection models and is currently top of the publicly accessible benchmark leader-board.
Biotechnology Applications of Tethered Lipid Bilayer Membranes (2012)

The importance of cell membranes in biological systems has prompted the development of model membrane platforms that recapitulate fundamental aspects of membrane biology, especially the lipid bilayer environment. Tethered lipid bilayers represent one of the most promising classes of model membranes and are based on the immobilization of a planar lipid bilayer on a solid support that enables characterization by a wide range of surface-sensitive analytical techniques. Moreover, as the result of molecular engineering inspired by biology, tethered bilayers are increasingly able to mimic fundamental properties of natural cell membranes, including fluidity, electrical sealing and hosting transmembrane proteins. At the same time, new methods have been employed to improve the durability of tethered bilayers, with shelf-lives now reaching the order of weeks and months. Taken together, the capabilities of tethered lipid bilayers have opened the door to biotechnology applications in healthcare, environmental monitoring and energy storage. In this review, several examples of such applications are presented. Beyond the particulars of each example, the focus of this review is on the emerging design and characterization strategies that made these applications possible. By drawing connections between these strategies and promising research results, future opportunities for tethered lipid bilayers within the biotechnology field are discussed.
Adding Spatial Control to Click Chemistry: Phototriggered Diels–Alder Surface (Bio)functionalization at Ambient Temperature (2011)

A photoconjugation strategy based on light-triggered Diels–Alder addition of o-quinodimethanes is compatible with biomolecules and proceeds rapidly at ambient temperature without the need of a catalyst. Spatial control was confirmed by photopatterning of a small-molecule ATRP initiator, a polymer, and a peptide in a time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry investigation.
Realigning the LIGHT signaling network to control dysregulated inflammation (2022)

Advances in understanding the physiologic functions of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily (TNFSF) of ligands, receptors, and signaling networks are providing deeper insight into pathogenesis of infectious and autoimmune diseases and cancer. LIGHT (TNFSF14) has emerged as an important modulator of critical innate and adaptive immune responses. LIGHT and its signaling receptors, herpesvirus entry mediator (TNFRSF14), and lymphotoxin β receptor, form an immune regulatory network with two co-receptors of herpesvirus entry mediator, checkpoint inhibitor B and T lymphocyte attenuator, and CD160. Deciphering the fundamental features of this network reveals new understanding to guide therapeutic development. Accumulating evidence from infectious diseases points to the dysregulation of the LIGHT network as a disease-driving mechanism in autoimmune and inflammatory reactions in barrier organs, including coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and inflammatory bowel diseases. Recent clinical results warrant further investigation of the LIGHT regulatory network and application of target-modifying therapeutics for disease intervention.
Dual Organization of the Cerebral Cortex (2015)

Abstract This chapter provides the basic ideas for understanding the sensory, motor, and association areas in the context of a series of gradually differentiating areas from the rudimentary one-layer allocortex, which divides into two basic moieties, the hippocampus, and the pyriform cortex. Surrounding these allocortical structures is the first wave of cortical differentiation, namely the periallocortex. The next step in laminar differentiation leads to the incipient six-layered proisocortex, which, in turn, culminates in true six-layer isocortex. Further differentiation of the isocortical areas leads to the sensory, motor, and association cortical areas. Each sensory and motor cortical system is subdivided into three lines: the core line leading to the primary cortical area, the root line to the secondary cortical areas, and the belt line to association cortical areas. The prefrontal, multimodal, and paralimbic areas are considered as outer belt regions. All the cortical areas are viewed in the context of the dorsal archicortical and ventral paleocortical trends.