gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective immunity to dental caries by local immunization with cell surface substance extracted from Streptococcus mutans. (1985)

The cell surface substance prepared from Streptococcus mutans NCTC 10449 was used as immunogen, and its protective effect against dental caries was investigated in hamsters. The substance was administered with aluminium hydroxide subcutaneously two times before weaning. Hamsters immunized with this substance developed remarkably fewer caries on their molars than did hamsters sham-immunized, when challenged with S. mutans NCTC 10449. This preventive effect on caries development was associated with decreased recovery of bacteria from tooth surfaces, and saliva of immunized hamsters showed marked activity to inhibit adherence of S. mutans inoculated. These results suggest that the cell surface substance could be used as an effective immunogen against dental caries.
Thoracic Duct: Visualization at Nonenhanced MR Lymphography—Initial Experience (1999)

In six healthy volunteers, the thoracic duct was examined at magnetic resonance (MR) lymphography without contrast agent. With a 1.5-T clinical imager, a short echo spacing, three-dimensional, half-Fourier fast spin-echo sequence with electrocardiographic gating was employed to depict the thoracic duct along the thoracic aorta. The images clearly depicted the main duct in the region of the thoracic aorta in all six volunteers, drainage into the left subclavian region in four, and the cisterna chyli in one.
An Empirical Study of Passive 802.11 Device Fingerprinting (2012)

802.11 device fingerprinting is the action of characterizing a target device through its wireless traffic. This results in a signature that may be used for identification, network monitoring or intrusion detection. The fingerprinting method can be active by sending traffic to the target device, or passive by just observing the traffic sent by the target device. Many passive fingerprinting methods rely on the observation of one particular network feature, such as the rate switching behavior or the transmission pattern of probe requests. In this work, we evaluate a set of global wireless network parameters with respect to their ability to identify 802.11 devices. We restrict ourselves to parameters that can be observed passively using a standard wireless card. We evaluate these parameters for two different tests: i) the identification test that returns one single result being the closest match for the target device, and ii) the similarity test that returns a set of devices that are close to the target devices. We find that the network parameters transmission time and frame inter-arrival time perform best in comparison to the other network parameters considered. Finally, we focus on inter-arrival times, the most promising parameter for device identification, and show its dependency from several device characteristics such as the wireless card and driver but also running applications.
Pseudorabies Virus Displays Variable Numbers of a Repeat Unit Adjacent to the 3' End of the Glycoprotein gII Gene (1989)

The coding region of the glycoprotein complex gII of pseudorabies virus (PRV) is located in the unique long part of the genome on SalI subfragments 1A and 1G of BamHI fragment 1 (map units 0.105 to 0.130). Fragment 1G which includes the 3' end of the gII gene displays a size heterogeneity among different PRV strains and also within plaque isolates of a given strain. To reveal the cause of this heterogeneity and whether it might affect the gII-coding region we sequenced different 1G fragments of the PRV strains Ka, Phylaxia and Dessau, and determined the 3' end of the gII mRNA by S1 analysis. These data show that the size heterogeneity is caused by the presence of a variable number of tandemly repeated DNA sequence downstream but adjacent to the coding region of the glycoprotein gII gene. The 3' end of the gII mRNA was mapped about 24 bp upstream of the first repeat unit. A 15 bp sequence 5' GGGACGGAGGGGAGA 3' is repeated from three to over 50 times in different 1G fragments. It is the only repeat unit present in strain Ka, whereas the Phylaxia and Dessau strains show additional modifications.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (Z,Z)‐11,13‐HEXADECADIENAL, A PRINCIPAL COMPONENT OF NAVEL ORANGEWORM (PAMYELOIS TRANSITELLA) PHEROMONE (1983)

Abstract Es wird ein kommerziell anwendbarer ′Syntheseweg für das (Z,Z)‐l l ,l 3‐Hexadecadienal (IX), das mit dem im Titel genannten Pheromon identisch ist, beschrieben.
Integrated parallel reception, excitation, and shimming (iPRES) with multiple shim loops per radio‐frequency coil element for improved <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> shimming (2016)

iPRES(N) can correct for localized B<sub>0</sub> inhomogeneities more effectively than iPRES(1) with no signal-to-noise ratio loss, resulting in a significant improvement in image quality. Magn Reson Med 77:2077-2086, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Monoclonal antibodies in imaging and therapy of colorectal cancer (1991)

Intraoperative detection of colorectal carcinoma with the Neoprobe gamma detector has been useful in surgical decisionmaking regarding resectability by localizing additional tumor not readily identified by palpation or inspection, and in determining surgical resection margins. Tumor labeling has been achieved in 84% of the patients. Occult tumor has been identified in 18% of evaluable patients and changed operative decisions in 43% of patients. New monoclonal antibodies with radiolabels offer hope for more effective agents for imaging, Radioimmunoguided Surgery and potential therapeutic modalities.
Characterizing production‐induced anisotropy of fractured reservoirs having multiple fracture sets (2011)

ABSTRACT Since natural fractures in petroleum reservoirs play an important role in determining fluid flow during production, knowledge of the orientation and density of fractures is required to optimize production. This paper outlines the underlying theory and implementation of a fast and efficient algorithm for upscaling a Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) to predict the fluid flow, elastic and seismic properties of fractured rocks. Potential applications for this approach are numerous and include the prediction of fluid flow, elastic and seismic properties for fractured reservoirs, model‐based inversion of seismic Amplitude Versus Offset and Azimuth (AVOA) data and the optimal placement and orientation of infill wells to maximize production. Given that a single fracture network may comprise hundreds of thousands of individual fractures, the sheer size of typical DFNs has tended to limit their practical applications. This paper demonstrates that with efficient algorithms, the utility of Discrete Fracture Networks can be extended far beyond mere visualization.
Emetine inhibits Zika and Ebola virus infections through two molecular mechanisms: inhibiting viral replication and decreasing viral entry (2018)

The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) poses serious and continued threats to the global public health. Effective therapeutics for these maladies is an unmet need. Here, we show that emetine, an anti-protozoal agent, potently inhibits ZIKV and EBOV infection with a low nanomolar half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC<sub>50</sub>) in vitro and potent activity in vivo. Two mechanisms of action for emetine are identified: the inhibition of ZIKV NS5 polymerase activity and disruption of lysosomal function. Emetine also inhibits EBOV entry. Cephaeline, a desmethyl analog of emetine, which may be better tolerated in patients than emetine, exhibits a similar efficacy against both ZIKV and EBOV infections. Hence, emetine and cephaeline offer pharmaceutical therapies against both ZIKV and EBOV infection.
Laves phase alloys as hydrogen storage electrodes for nickel/hydrogen batteries (1989)

In order to improve the nickel/hydrogen battery in characteristics, AB{sub 2}-type Laves phase alloy containing titanium and/or hydrogen was experimentally confirmed in effectiveness as negative electrode, through the cell test and X-ray diffraction analysis. In order to evaluate above alloy, an SC-size sealed nickel/hydrogen battery was formed, upon combination between negative electrode made of one kind of alloy and sponge nickel positive electrode. The discharge capacity and volumetric battery energy density were 0.3Ah/g and 187Wh/1, respectively, when AB{sub 2}-type Zn Mn/sub x/Cr/sub y/Ni/sub z/ alloy system was used. The low capacity, attributable to the small surface area, of that cell was observed at the early stage of charge/discharge cycle. After the cell formation was found to be so highly effective as to activate it, hydrogen gas was treated for the electrode, thus to attain the high capacity as nickel/hydrogen battery from its starting cycle on. 10 refs., 11 figs.
Optically controlled imaging phase mask element (1996)

We demonstrate a new optical element consisting of a phase mask made of a nonlinear material. The element uses the nonlinearity to produce an intensity-dependent lens that controls its imaging properties. We demonstrate this element by optically controlling the imaging of an array produced by a diffractive spot generator in direct contact with a thin semiconductor-doped glass slab. The image at 632.8 nm is controlled by 514.5-nm light from an argon-ion laser.
Equipment and methods for synthetic aperture anatomic and flow imaging (2003)

Conventional ultrasound imaging is done by sequentially probing in each image direction. The frame rate is, thus, limited by the speed of sound and the number of lines necessary to form an image. This is especially limiting in flow imaging, since multiple lines are used for flow estimation. Another problem is that each receiving transducer element must be connected to a receiver, which makes the expansion of the number of receive channels expensive. Synthetic aperture (SA) imaging is a radical change from the sequential image formation. Here ultrasound is emitted in all directions and the image is formed in all directions simultaneously over a number of acquisitions. SA images can therefore be perfectly focused in both transmit and receive for all depths, thus significantly improving image quality. A further advantage is that very fast imaging can be done, since only a few emissions are needed for forming an image, and a novel approach of recursive ultrasound imaging can be used to give several thousand images a second. A commercial SA imaging system has, however, not yet been introduced due to a number of problems. The fundamental problems are primarily that the signal-to-noise ratio and penetration depth are low and velocity imaging is thought not to be possible. This paper will address all the issues above and show that they can all be solved using various techniques. The SNR is increased significantly beyond that for normal systems by using coded imaging and grouping of elements to form larger defocused emitting apertures. It is also possible to have many more receive channels, since different elements can be sampled during different emissions. The paper also shows that velocity imaging can be performed by making a special grouping of the received signals without motion compensation by using recursive imaging. With this technique continuous imaging at all points in the image is possible, which can significantly improve velocity estimates, since the estimates can be formed from a large number of emissions (100-200). The research scanner RASMUS, capable of acquiring clinical SA images, has been constructed and will be described. A number of phantom and in-vivo images will be presented showing in-vivo SA B-mode and flow imaging.
Performance Analysis of a Low-Power Magnetically Shielded Hall Thruster: Experiments (2017)

The successful application of a fully shielding magnetic field topology in a low-power Hall thruster is demonstrated through the testing of the MaSMi-60 Hall thruster (an improved variant of the original Magnetically Shielded Miniature Hall thruster). The device was operated at discharge powers from 160 to 750 W at discharge voltages ranging from 200 to 400 V. Several techniques were used to determine the effectiveness of magnetic shielding achieved by the MaSMi-60 and to estimate the reduction in discharge channel erosion rate enabled by the shielding field topology. This ultimately suggested an improvement in discharge channel life by a factor of at least 10 times, and likely greater than 100 times, when compared to unshielded devices. Thruster performance, measured both directly by a thrust stand and indirectly by plume diagnostics, was lower than expected when compared to results from high-power magnetically shielded Hall thrusters. However, the plume diagnostic measurements enabled the identification of the primary causes for the MaSMi-60’s moderate performance.
Uptake of chitosan-derived D-glucosamine oligosaccharides in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2015)

The csnR gene, localized at the beginning of an operon, csnR-K, which organization is conserved through many actinomycete genomes, was previously shown to repress the transcription of the chitosanase gene csnA in Streptomyces lividans. However, knowledge on the function of the whole csnR-K operon in the metabolism of chitosan (an N-deacetylated derivative of chitin) remained limited. Mutants of S. coelicolor A3(2) harboring partial or total deletions of the csnR-K operon were analyzed for their capacity to uptake glucosamine oligosaccharides (GlcN)n. The csnR-K operon was autoregulated by CsnR repressor and its transcription was inducible by GlcN oligosaccharides. The operon controlled the uptake of GlcN oligosaccharides in S. coelicolor A3(2), with a minor contribution to the consumption of monomeric GlcN but not chitin-related N-acetylated derivatives. The deletion of the whole operon abolished the uptake of GlcN oligosaccharides. The CsnEFG transporter encoded by this operon is the front door for the assimilation of chitosan-derived hydrolysis products in S. coelicolor A3(2). The ATP-binding component MsiK was essential for CsnEFG transport function. Also, deletion of msiK abolished the induction of csnA transcription by GlcN oligosaccharides.
Investigation of diffuser-augmented wind turbines. Part II. Technical report (1977)

Information on diffuser-augmented wind turbines is presented concerning the development of efficient and compact diffusers, economic analysis, and analytical demonstration of two-stage constant speed rotor concepts.
Systolic decoder for reed‐solomon codes (1987)

Abstract This paper proposes the systolic decoder for Reed‐Solomon (RS) codes based on systolic algorithms. Three steps of decoding procedures for RS codes can be reduced to simple repetitive algorithms and thus can be realized by one‐dimensional systolic arrays, each operated by simple controls. The decoding system is a cascade connection of these cell arrays in one dimension. In this paper we also design three types of cells building arrays for RS codes on GF(2 8 ). Each cell has a size that permits its integration in a one‐chip LSI and we can determine the number of cells according to the error correcting ability for codes.
Gamma‐vinyl GABA (GVG) blocks expression of the conditioned place preference response to heroin in rats (2001)

We examined the effect of gamma-vinyl GABA (GVG) on the expression of the conditioned place preference response to intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered heroin in rats. Heroin, but not vehicle, produced a significant conditioned place preference response. Pretreatment of animals with 300 mg/kg of GVG significantly attenuated the expression of the heroin-induced conditioned place preference response. These results are the first to suggest that systemic GVG may provide an effective alternative to methadone maintenance in the treatment of heroin addiction, since it is without abuse potential and can be used for treatment outside an institutional setting.
Photocatalytic conversion of methane to methanol (1995)

A long-term goal of our research group is the exploration of novel pathways for the direct oxidation of methane to liquid fuels, chemicals, and intermediates. The use of three relatively abundant and inexpensive reactants, light, water, and methane, to produce methanol is attractive. The products of reaction, methanol and hydrogen, are both commercially desirable, methanol being used as is or converted to a variety of other chemicals, and the hydrogen could be utilized in petroleum and/or chemical manufacturing. Methane is produced as a by-product of coal gasification. Depending upon reactor design and operating conditions, up to 18% of total gasifier product may be methane. In addition, there are vast proven reserves of geologic methane in the world. Unfortunately, a large fraction of these reserves are in regions where there is little local demand for methane and it is not economically feasible to transport it to a market. There is a global research effort under way in academia, industry, and government to find methods to convert methane to useful, more readily transportable and storable materials. Methanol, the initial product of methane oxidation, is a desirable product of conversion because it retains much of the original energy of the methane while satisfyingmore » transportation and storage requirements. Investigation of direct conversion of methane to transportation fuels has been an ongoing effort at PETC for over 10 years. One of the current areas of research is the conversion of methane to methanol, under mild conditions, using light, water, and a semiconductor photocatalyst. The use of three relatively abundant and inexpensive reactants, light, water, and methane, to produce methanol, is attractive. Research in the laboratory is directed toward applying the techniques developed for the photocatalytic splitting of the water and the photochemical conversion of methane.« less
Theory of the quadrature elliptic birdcage coil (1997)

This paper presents the theory of the quadrature birdcage coil wound on an elliptic cylindrical former. A conformal transformation of the ellipse to a circular geometry is used to derive the optimal sampling of the continuous surface current distribution to produce uniform magnetic fields within an elliptic cylinder. The analysis is rigorous for ellipses of any aspect ratio and shows how to produce quadrature operation of the elliptic birdcage with a conventional hybrid combiner. Insight gained from the transformation is also used to analyze field homogeneity, find the optimal RF shield shape, and specify component values to produce the correct current distribution in practice. Measurements and images from a 16-leg elliptic birdcage coil at both low and high frequencies show good quadrature performance, homogeneity, and sensitivity.
Spill code minimization via interference region spilling (1997)

Many optimizing compilers perform global register allocation using a Chaitin-style graph coloring algorithm. Live ranges that cannot be allocated to registers are spilled to memory. The amount of code required to spill the live range depends on the spilling heuristic used. Chaitin's spilling heuristic offers some guidance in reducing the amount of spill code produced. However, this heuristic does not allow the partial spilling of live ranges and the reduction in spill code is limited to a local level. In this paper, we present a global technique called interference region spilling that improves the spilling granularity of any local spilling heuristic. Our technique works above the local spilling heuristic, limiting the normal insertion of spill code to a portion of each spilled live range. By partially spilling live ranges, we can achieve large reductions in dynamically executed spill code; up to 75% in some cases and an average of 33.6% across the benchmarks tested.
Performance Validation and Method Comparison of an In-Clinic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Canine Pancreatic Lipase (2011)

Diagnosis of pancreatitis is often difficult in dogs that present with acute vomiting, anorexia, and abdominal pain, as these clinical signs may occur with a variety of other illnesses. While quantitative reference laboratory methods specific for canine pancreatic lipase are available to aid in diagnosis, results are generally not available until the next day. The objective of the current study was to validate a semiquantitative in-clinic rapid test for the measurement of canine pancreas–specific lipase (cPL) and to compare its performance to the reference lab method. Comparison of the reference method for cPL to the in-clinic assay demonstrated 96–100% agreement for canine serum samples with normal levels of cPL and 88–92% agreement for samples with elevated levels of cPL. Common interfering substances such as bilirubin, lipids, or hemoglobin had no effect on assay performance. Both within-day and day-to-day variations ranged from 10% to 20% of the calculated cPL concentration, which demonstrated a high degree of precision for the in-clinic assay. Performance of 3 lots of the in-clinic assay with the same set of canine serum samples demonstrated high assay reproducibility, with interclass correlation coefficients of ≥0.93. Results of the in-clinic cPL assay, based on both visual and calculated cPL concentrations, were consistent throughout 15 months of storage. The in-clinic test provides immediate, semiquantitative results to supplement existing pancreatitis diagnostics at the time of acute illness. Because the reference and in-clinic methods are aligned, they can be used together as an immediate aid pet-side and as a fully quantitative follow-up test at the reference laboratory.
Discovery of a novel IL-15 based protein with improved developability and efficacy for cancer immunotherapy (2018)

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) can promote both innate and adaptive immune reactions by stimulating CD8<sup>+</sup>/CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells and natural killer cells (NK) while showing no effect in activating T-regulatory (Treg) cells or inducing activation-associated death among effector T cells and NK cells. Thus, IL-15 is considered as one of the most promising molecules for antitumor immune therapy. To improve the drug-like properties of natural IL-15, we create an IL-15-based molecule, named P22339, with the following characteristics: 1) building a complex of IL-15 and the Sushi domain of IL-15 receptor α chain to enhance the agonist activity of IL-15 via transpresentation; 2) through a rational structure-based design, creating a disulfide bond linking the IL-15/Sushi domain complex with an IgG1 Fc to augment its half-life. P22339 demonstrates excellent developability, pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as well as antitumor efficacy in both in vitro assessments and in vivo studies. It significantly suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in rodent models, and activates T effector cells and NK cells in cynomolgus monkey. Overall, these data suggest that P22339 has a great potential for cancer immunotherapy.
Generation of controllable nondiffracting beams using multimode optical fibers (2009)

A method of generating nondiffracting beams using multimode optical fibers is reported. When a large-core multimode fiber is spliced onto a piece of single-mode fiber, only linearly polarized (LP0,n) modes are excited inside the multimode fiber segment because of mode orthogonality and on-axis excitation. Since the excited LP0,n modes are actually Bessel fields with different transverse wave vectors truncated by the core of the multimode fiber, the beam exiting the multimode fiber facet can form a variety of readily controllable and nearly nondiffracting optical patterns resulting from interference of apertured Bessel fields.