gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ohmic Contacts on p-Type SiC Using Al/C Films (2006)

Al based alloys, such as Ti/Al, are commonly used for ohmic contacts on p-type SiC. The interfacial structures of a metal alloy film on SiC are very complicated after annealing. Al is considered as the key element responsible for forming ohmic contacts on p-type SiC, and reacts with C from SiC and forms Al4C3 and Si during annealing. In this study, we have investigated ohmic contact formation of a single component Al4C3 film on p-type SiC. Based on the stoichiometric formation of Al4C3 between Al and C at high temperatures, several samples with various Al/C mole ratios have been examined for ohmic contact formation after different annealing temperatures. Carbon rich and stoichiometric Al4C3 films form ohmic contacts on p-type 4H-SiC (~2.8 x1018 cm-3 ) after annealing at 800 and 900°C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) data have shown that a single component Al4C3 is formed when an ohmic contact on p-type SiC is activated. Al/SiC, as the control sample, does not form ohmic contacts under the same conditions. This study reveals that Al4C3 can be responsible for forming ohmic contacts on p-type SiC. However, its chemical instability requires that the secondary metal is necessary to form stable ohmic contacts when Albased films are used.
Modeling cyclic dispersion in autoignition combustion (2011)

A two-state discrete-time model is developed for the cycle-to-cycle dynamics in lean-fueled controlled autoignition engines. The main goal is to capture the cyclic variability in the combustion phasing which is a key performance variable in combustion control. The model is physics based, the states are the temperature and the fuel mass at intake valve closing, and simple enough so it may provide insights into the dynamics and causes of the behavior. The parameters are crudely calibrated using data that include late phasing approaching to misfire and the model captures the important effect of heat release during the re-compression of the residual gas. The model is shown to predict the coupling between cycles in the sense that, when driven by a stochastic input, the model reproduces the evolution and the magnitude of the cyclic variability with similar statistical properties to measured data.
Cat sensitization identified by recombinant Fel d 1 several years before symptoms - results from the bamse cohort (2009)

Exposure to cat is one of the most important causes of allergic disease. The objective of this study was to investigate IgE reactivity to the recombinant major cat allergen, rFel d 1, as an early marker of cat sensitization. Based on questionnaires, 144 children with allergic symptoms due to cat, or where such symptoms were suspected, were selected from the birth cohort BAMSE and allocated into three study groups. Blood samples taken at age 4 and 8 yrs were analysed for IgE to rFel d 1 and cat dander extract (CDE) by quantitative ELISA (cut-off limit 0.037 kU(A)/l) and the ImmunoCAP System (cut-off limit 0.35 kU(A)/l), respectively. At 4 yrs, 25/33 children with certain allergic symptoms to cat had IgE to both rFel d 1 and CDE, while 14/42 of those suspecting symptoms at 4 had IgE to rFel d 1 and 9/42 to CDE. In a group developing symptoms after 4 yrs, 60/69 had IgE to rFel d 1 and 57/69 to CDE at 8, while 33/69 had IgE to rFel d 1 already at 4 and 26/69 to CDE. This was the only one of the three study groups where a significant increase in the IgE levels to rFel d 1 was found from 4 to 8 yrs (p < 0.001), even when only children with IgE to rFel d 1 already at 4 were included (p < 0.001). We show that the single major cat allergen rFel d 1 is at least as good as CDE in the diagnosis of cat allergy in childhood. With a sensitive rFel d 1 assay cat sensitization can be detected several years before symptoms to cat are reported.
Elastic Complex Event Processing under Varying Query Load. (2013)

Distributed data stream processing systems, like Twitter Storm or Yahoo! S4, have been primarily focusing on adapting to varying event rates. However, as these systems are becoming increasingly multi-tenant, adaptation to the varying query load is becoming an equally important problem. In this paper we present FUGU – an elastic allocator for Complex Event Processing systems. FUGU uses bin packing to allocate continuous queries to a varying set of nodes. Driven by elasticity requirements FUGU maximizes the overall system utilization while trying to maintain stable processing latencies. The specific contributions of this paper are: (1) introduction of a re-balancing scheme for bin packing allowing FUGU to increase overall system utilization by six percent and (2) a detailed study of achievable system utilization and latency under real-life workload from Frankfurt Stock Exchange. 1.
Mid-Frequency Ventilation: Unconventional Use of Conventional Mechanical Ventilation as a Lung-Protection Strategy (2008)

With these ventilators and pressure-control ventilation, alveolar minute ventilation can be optimized with higher-than-normal frequency and lower V(T) than is commonly used in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. We call this strategy mid-frequency ventilation.
SmartPad: A wireless, adhesive-electrode-free, autonomous ECG acquisition system (2008)

During medical procedures, such as surgery, a patient's vital signs are typically monitored using a web of wires connected to adhesive electrodes. The large number of wires inhibits the medical team's access to the patient while the adhesive electrodes can detach, fail, or be out-of-stock, causing delays in the procedure. In order to combat these problems, we have developed the SmartPad: a system that displays a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG) signal without adhesive pads, wires, or active intervention from a clinician. The system automatically selects three electrodes from an array of Cu/Ni-fabric based electrodes patterned on a thin pad on which the patient lies. The selected electrodes are used to provide a differential 3-lead measurement of the patient's ECG, which is then transmitted wirelessly and displayed on a laptop computer.
How HLA-DM molecules work recognition of MHC II conformational heterogeneity (2012)

Helper T cells respond to peptide antigens derived from exogenous sources presented by MHC II on antigen presenting cells. Antigens from pathogens are internalized by professional antigen presenting cells (APC) and processed for presentation. Certain epitopes are selected during processing as the final peptides for stimulation of T cells and are termed "immunodominant". Understanding how selection of immunodominant epitopes takes place has been a difficult task because of the complexity of the mechanisms governing both antigen processing and T cell recognition. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of HLA-DM function in peptide exchange and selection and its relevance to epitope immunodominance.
Considerations for Transmission Line Design on MCMs using AC Coupled Interconnect with Buried Solder Bumps (2006)

AC Coupled Interconnect (ACCI) using buried solder bumps is a technology that provides a complete interconnect and packaging solution by integrating high-density, low inductance power and ground distribution with high-density high-speed I/O. The mixture of solder bump technology and AC coupled I/O has the potential to improve yield during packaging and assembly since I/O channels are no longer dependent on the yield of a single solder bump. For the same reason, this technology has the potential to increase the long-term reliability of chip/carrier components of electronic systems used in harsh environments (e.g. extreme vibration, shock, and temperature variation). An important consideration in systems using this technology is how the electrical properties of transmission line are altered when it is routed beneath a die that is in close proximity (< 5μm) to the surface of the substrate.
Bayesian analysis of cell nucleus segmentation by a Viterbi search based active contour (2002)

An image segmentation scheme is shown to be exceptionally successful through the application of high-level knowledge of the required image objects (cell nuclei). By tuning the algorithm's single parameter it is shown that the performance can be maximised for the dataset, but leads to individual failures that may require alternative choices. A second stage is introduced to process each of the resulting segmentations obtained by varying the parameter over the working range. This stage gives a Bayesian interpretation of the results which indicates the probable accuracy of each of the segmentations that can then be used to make a decision upon whether to accept or reject the segmentation.
A Color Matching Method for Prediction and Correction of the Color Shifts due to the Illuminant Changes (1996)

There exist several attempts to develop a system for device-independent color reproduction in color desktop publishing. However, the difference of a color appearance between the original and the reproduced colors occurs when illuminant light is changed. This is because conventional device-independent color matching is calibrated only by the colorimetric values under the standard illuminant such as D50, that is, it is based on the metamerism.In this study, we present a device-independent color reproduction method which can predict and correct the color shifts due to the illuminant changes. This method adopts the principal components (PCs) of the spectral reflectance as an intermediate color representation. We trained three layered neural networks to perform the transformation from CMY values of the proof printer to PCs, and the transformation from these PCs to C'M'Y' values of dye-sublimation printer. After the learning process, we evaluated the accuracy of the transformation from CMY to C'M'Y' through PCs by the trained networks. As a result, we found that our proposed method has an ability not only to predict but also to correct the color shifts due to the illuminant changes.
Design of wavelet-based image codec in memory-constrained environment (2001)

This work presents a high-performance wavelet transform based image coder that is designed for image compression in a system with limited resources. In this image coder, the dual-sliding wavelet transform (DSWT) is first applied to the image data to generate wavelet coefficients in fixed-size blocks. Here, a block consists of wavelet coefficients only from a single subband. Then, the resulting coefficient blocks are directly coded with the low-complexity binary description (LCBiD) coefficient coding algorithm. No parent-child relationship is exploited in the coding process. There is no intermediate buffering needed between DSWT and LCBiD. The compressed bit stream generated by the proposed coder is both SNR and resolution scalable, as well as highly resilient to transmission errors. Both DSWT and LCBiD process the data in blocks whose size is independent of the size of the input image. This gives more flexibility in its implementation. The codec has a very good coding performance even the size of a coefficient block is as small as (16,16).
Eliminating livelock in flushable routing networks (1992)

This invention is comprised of a method for livelock-free message routing is provided in a network of interconnected nodes that is flushable in time T. An input message processor generates sequences of at least N time intervals, each of duration T. An input register provides for receiving and holding each input message, where the message is assigned a priority state p during an nth one of the N time intervals. At each of the network nodes a message processor reads the assigned priority state and awards priority to messages with priority state (p-1) during an nth time interval and to messages with priority state p during an (n + 1)th time interval. The messages that are awarded priority are output on an output path toward the addressed output message processor. Thus, no message remains in the network for a time longer than T.
Quantitative optical tomography of sub-surface heterogeneities using spatially modulated structured light (2009)

We present a wide-field method for obtaining three-dimensional images of turbid media. By projecting patterns of light of varying spatial frequencies on a sample, we reconstruct quantitative, depth resolved images of absorption contrast. Images are reconstructed using a fast analytic inversion formula and a novel correction to the diffusion approximation for increased accuracy near boundaries. The method provides more accurate quantification of optical absorption and higher resolution than standard diffuse reflectance measurements.
Cell growth on liquid interfaces: Role of surface active compounds (1983)

Anchorage-dependent fibroblasts can be cultured by using as a substrate the protein layer that spontaneously forms at the liquid-liquid interface between fluorocarbon fluids and tissue culture medium. For this novel substrate to be effective in supporting confluent cell layers, the protein monolayer must support the stresses exerted by spreading fibroblasts. The composition of the fluorocarbon fluid has a significant effect on the strength of the protein layer and, thus, on the patterns of cell growth. Evidence is presented demonstrating that a protein film, sufficiently strong to support cell growth, does not occur on purified fluorocarbon fluids but requires the presence of trace amounts of polar, surface active compounds. By the addition of small quantities of pentafluorobenzoyl chloride to alumina-treated fluorocarbon fluids, excellent interfacial substrates can be produced. We have applied this understanding to produce a liquid microcarrier system capable of general use with a variety of cells, including human fibroblasts. A microcarrier in which the fluorocarbon is replaced with polydimethyldiphenyl siloxane is also described.
Recovery from Shared Risk Link Group Failures Using IP Fast Reroute (2010)

Failure recovery in IP networks is critical to high-quality service provisioning. In IP over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks, a fiber carries multiple IP logical links. When a fiber fails, all the logical links it carries are disconnected simultaneously. This is called a shared risk link group (SRLG) failure. Recovery from SRLG failures using route recalculation could lead to long service disruption. In this paper, we present a scheme called multi-section shortest path first (MSSPF) that achieves ultra fast recovery from SRLG failures. MSSPF performs all the recovery related calculations in advance. On the detection of an SRLG failure, the affected IP packets are detoured to their destinations through pre-calculated paths to avoid failed links. We prove that MSSPF guarantees 100% recovery from SRLG failures and causes no permanent loops. In particular, the scheme has low complexity and can be implemented in today's networks running link-state routing protocols, e.g., open shortest path first (OSPF). The performance of our scheme is validated with a variety of practical and randomly generated topologies.
Isolation of a bromo analog of rebeccamycin from Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes. (1991)

When grown in a defined medium containing 0.05% KBr, Saccharothrix aerocolonigenes ATCC 39243 produces a novel bromo analog of rebeccamycin. This new analog, designated bromorebeccamycin, has been isolated from the culture broth and purified by vacuum liquid chromatography and column chromatography. Spectroscopic data demonstrated that bromorebeccamycin has the same structure as rebeccamycin, except for the replacement of the two chlorine atoms by bromine atoms in the molecule. Bromorebeccamycin and rebeccamycin have a similar potency and activity against P388 leukemia in the murine model.
Method to Predict Isthmus Location in Ventricular Tachycardia Caused by Reentry with a Double‐Loop Pattern (2005)

Analysis of multiple sinus-rhythm deflections can localize the reentrant ventricular tachycardia isthmus without introduction of arbitrary threshold points and peak choices that may lead to error.
Kinetic studies on novel plasminogen activators. Demonstration of fibrin enhancement for hybrid enzymes comprising the A-chain of plasmin (Lys-78) and B-chain of tissue-type plasminogen activator (Ile-276) or urokinase (Ile-159) (1990)

The activation of plasminogen by two novel hybrid enzymes, constructed from the A-chain of plasmin and the B-chains of tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) or urokinase, was compared with the activation by the parent enzymes. Basal kinetic constants for 'Lys-plasminogen' (human plasminogen with N-terminal lysine) and 'Glu-plasminogen' (human plasminogen with N-terminal glutamic acid) activation were similar to those of the parent activators. The Km for plasminogen turnover for both hybrid enzymes was considerably decreased in the presence of both soluble fibrin and a mimic, a CNBr digest of fibrinogen. These enhancements and the related apparent negative co-operativity are similar to the behaviour of t-PA itself. The results are discussed with regard to the molecular features involved in the mechanism of fibrin stimulation.
Enhanced radiation performance of broadband suspended plate antenna (2002)

broadband suspended plate antenna is experimentally presented to enhance its radiation performance. A probe-fed narrow half-wavelength strip parallel to a ground plane is proposed to feed the antenna. The segments at the front and back end of strip are vertical to the plate and ground plane. The two vertical segments with the currents of a 180/spl deg/ phase shift act as the dual-probe feeding structure. The resultant cross-polarization levels in the H-planes come down on and the distortions of co-polarization patterns in the E-planes ease off. The experiments on the antenna were conducted. The measured impedance and radiation characteristics have shown that the design is capable of providing a 20% impedance bandwidth for 2:1 VSWR with cross-polarization levels of <-20 dB and stable radiation patterns in both E- and H-planes.
Seismic isolation systems designed with distinct multiple frequencies (1991)

Two systems for seismic base isolation are presented. The main feature of these system is that, instead of only one isolation frequency as in conventional isolation systems, they are designed to have two distinct isolation frequencies. When the responses during an earthquake exceed the design value(s), the system will automatically and passively shift to the secondly isolation frequency. Responses of these two systems to different ground motions including a harmonic motion with frequency same as the primary isolation frequency, show that no excessive amplification will occur. Adoption of these new systems certainly will greatly enhance the safety and reliability of an isolated superstructure against future strong earthquakes. 3 refs.
Development of Lithium Lanthanide Borate Scintillator for Neutron Scattering Applications (2004)

Page Not Found - If you're seeing this page, it's because the URL you requested cannot be located. It might not exist or maybe you mistyped it into your browser. But, if you think it's our mistake, please let us know. Otherwise, you have a few options: try using our navigation bar at the top of this page, visit our home page, or browse our products below. - Homepage Basic Content,
The monoclonal antibodies alpha S-HCL 1 (alpha Leu-14) and alpha S-HCL 3 (alpha Leu-M5) allow the diagnosis of hairy cell leukemia (1985)

To define cell surface antigens associated with hairy cell leukemia (HCL), and to gain better insight into the origin of this disease, we developed monoclonal antibodies against spleen cells of a patient with this disease. Although none of these antibodies alone proved specific for the leukemic cells, two of them, designated alpha S-HCL 1 (alpha Leu-14) and alpha S-HCL 3 (alpha Leu-M5) were found to be valuable in the diagnosis of HCL when used in combination. alpha S-HCL 1 recognizes an antigen associated with greater than 95% of B cells in the peripheral blood. Biochemical analysis identified this antigen as a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 150,000 daltons (150 kilodaltons). alpha S-HCL 1 expression on hairy cells is markedly increased when compared with normal B lymphocytes isolated from peripheral blood, tonsils, and spleens. alpha S-HCL 3 reacts with an antigen present on hairy cells but also on monocytes, macrophages, in a lower density on neutrophils, and a small percentage (less than 2%) of lymphocytes. The antigen recognized by alpha S-HCL 3 is composed of a non-covalently linked biomolecular complex of 90 and 150 kilodaltons. Since the HCL 3 antigen was not detectable on other lymphomas of either T or B cell type, the co-expression of S-HCL 1 and S-HCL 3 on hairy cells is a unique marker for this disease.
New broadcast encryption scheme using tree-based circle (2005)

Since broadcast encryption was first introduced in 1993 by Fiat and Naor, many broadcast encryption schemes have been developed. Among these, schemes based on tree structure and linear structure are notable. The subset difference (SD) scheme and layered subset difference (LSD) scheme based on tree structure have small user-key size and small transmission overhead when the number r of revoked users is very small. The punctured interval (PI) scheme based on linear (or circular) structure has better transmission overhead when r is not too small.In this paper, we propose a new broadcast encryption scheme, called the tree-based circle (TC) scheme, combining tree structure and circular structure. In this scheme, the transmission overhead is proportional to r like in the SD scheme for small r and becomes asymptotically same as that of the PI scheme when r grows, keeping the computation cost and the storage size small. The TC scheme also inherits the flexibility of the PI scheme. We further improve the transmission overhead of the TC scheme, when r is very small, by adopting the notion of cascade arc.
Progress toward Device-Quality Second-Order Nonlinear Optical Materials. 4. A Trilink High μβ NLO Chromophore in Thermoset Polyurethane:  A “Guest−Host” Approach to Larger Electrooptic Coefficients (2000)

A novel trilinkable thiophene-containing second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) chromophore [(HO)3FTC] was synthesized from a trilinkable donor bridge and a tricyanofuran electron acceptor (TCF). The TCF acceptor was modified with two butyls which greatly increased solubility and processability of the trihydroxy-functionalized chromophore and inhibited strong chromophore−chromophore interaction. A thermal stability study of (HO)3FTC indicates that the free hydroxyl group located close to the cyano acceptor causes the chromophore to decompose at a much lower temperature than FTC chromophores with no free hydroxyl groups. Significantly improved thermal stability of the chromophore in polyurethane film was obtained by masking the free hydroxyl groups with toluene diisocyanate. New polyurethane prepolymer synthetic schemes were designed and studied in detail to improve electric field induced dipole alignment. Enhancement of over 150% in poling efficiency was achieved by reducing the degree of chromophore attachment to polymer backbone before applying an electric poling field through a “guest−host” approach. It was found to be critical to allow isocyanate and hydroxyl cross-linkers to react at higher temperature for a longer time to form a partially cross-linked prepolymer before the −NCO masked trilink chromophore was added. By anchoring chromophores to a three-dimensional cross-linked polyurethane network at three points, the thermal stability of poling-induced electrooptic activity was enhanced by 33 °C.