gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and piezoelectric properties of self-polarized (Na,Bi)TiO<sub>3</sub>–BaTiO<sub>3</sub>thin films on Si substrate (2014)

The c-axis oriented polycrystalline thin film of (Na,Bi)TiO3–BaTiO3 (NBT–BT) around the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) was prepared on an LaNiO3-buffered Si substrate by rf magnetron sputtering. The NBT–BT film showed a large crystal lattice distortion in the out-of-plane direction, and a voltage shift of the hysteresis loop along the negative field axis as large as −200 kV/cm, which indicates that the film is internally biased and strongly self-polarized towards the top electrode. Owing to the large internal bias field, the NBT–BT film exhibited a linear piezoelectric response with the piezoelectric coefficient, , reaching −4.8 C/cm2 in the unipolar excitation and a low dielectric permittivity of 230. The temperature-dependent dielectric properties revealed that the permittivity maximum temperature, Tm, of the NBT–BT film was significantly enhanced to ~550 °C from the ~300 °C of bulk NBT–BT, accompanied by the disappearance of the depolarization temperature, Td, which is confirmed by the structural data where the crystal lattice remained unchanged up to ~400 °C. These stable temperature properties would lead to an expansion of the temperature range of use of NBT–BT film.
A Fully Integrated Bluetooth Low-Energy Transmitter in 28 nm CMOS With 36% System Efficiency at 3 dBm (2016)

We propose a new transmitter architecture for ultra-low power radios in which the most energy-hungry RF circuits operate at a supply just above a threshold voltage of CMOS transistors. An all-digital PLL employs a digitally controlled oscillator with switching current sources to reduce supply voltage and power without sacrificing its startup margin. It also reduces 1/f noise and supply pushing, thus allowing the ADPLL, after settling, to reduce its sampling rate or shut it off entirely during a direct DCO data modulation. The switching power amplifier integrates its matching network while operating in class-E/F2 to maximally enhance its efficiency at low voltage. The transmitter is realized in 28 nm digital CMOS and satisfies all metal density and other manufacturing rules. It consumes 3.6 mW/5.5 mW while delivering 0 dBm/3 dBm RF power in Bluetooth Low-Energy mode.
An 87&#x00D7;49 mutual capacitance touch sensing IC enabling 0.5 mm-diameter stylus signal detection at 240 Hz-reporting-rate with palm rejection (2014)

A touch sensing system capable of stylus input should have “palm rejection” function which allows the user to place one's palm on the surface of the touch sensor while writing with a stylus. In order to realize “palm rejection”, it is necessary to detect the small stylus while neglecting large signal from the palm. However this is not sufficient because small electrical noise injected through the palm into the touch sensor impedes stylus input signal in real use. This issue is because the injected noise propagates onto the touch sensor's sense channels which are capacitively-coupled with the palm and degrades the SNR of the stylus signal on the channels. A simple and effective technique to eliminate this issue is implemented in a newly developed 87×49 mutual capacitance touch sensing IC which is fabricated in an 85 nm CMOS technology. It achieves an SNR over 33 dB for a 0.5 mm-diameter stylus when a 10 Vp-p sinusoidal noise is injected to the stylus and the palm. Both the die area and the power consumption of a unit charge-to-voltage converter (CVC) designed for the IC are reduced to approximately 50% compared to those of the previous implementation [4]. In order not to report unwanted touches due to palm signals, a palm detection filter is implemented in the digital signal processor on the IC.
A Virus-Like Particle-Based Epstein-Barr Virus Vaccine (2011)

ABSTRACT Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is an ubiquitous human herpesvirus which can lead to infectious mononucleosis and different cancers. In immunocompromised individuals, this virus is a major cause for morbidity and mortality. Transplant patients who did not encounter EBV prior to immunosuppression frequently develop EBV-associated malignancies, but a prophylactic EBV vaccination might reduce this risk considerably. Virus-like particles (VLPs) mimic the structure of the parental virus but lack the viral genome. Therefore, VLPs are considered safe and efficient vaccine candidates. We engineered a dedicated producer cell line for EBV-derived VLPs. This cell line contains a genetically modified EBV genome which is devoid of all potential viral oncogenes but provides viral proteins essential for the assembly and release of VLPs via the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT). Human B cells readily take up EBV-based VLPs and present viral epitopes in association with HLA molecules to T cells. Consequently, EBV-based VLPs are highly immunogenic and elicit humoral and strong CD8 + and CD4 + T cell responses in vitro and in a preclinical murine model in vivo . Our findings suggest that VLP formulations might be attractive candidates to develop a safe and effective polyvalent vaccine against EBV.
Model-based process planning for laser cutting operations under unsteady-state conditions (1996)

Boundary encroachment or cutting right up to pre-cut sections are examples of unsteady-state operations of the laser cutting process. Cornering and generating small diameter holes also fall into this category. Heat transfer is often frustrated here, resulting in bulk heating of the workpiece. This in turn leads to a degradation of the cut quality. Currently, trial-and-error based experimentation is needed in order to assure quality in these regions. Thus model-based process planning has the benefit of reducing this step whilst leading to an optimal solution. Numerical investigation of the laser-workpiece interaction zone quantifies significant effects of such transiency on cutting front mobility and beam coupling behavior. Non-linear power adaptation profiles are generated via the optimization strategy in order to stabilize cutting front temperatures. Experimental results demonstrate such process planning can produce quality improvements.
Real-Time Fluorogenic Reverse Transcription-PCR Assays for Detection of Bacteriophage MS2 (2006)

Bacteriophage MS2 is used in place of pathogenic viruses in a wide variety of studies that range from testing of compounds for disinfecting surfaces to studying environmental transport and fate of pathogenic viruses in groundwater. MS2 is also used as a pathogen simulant in the research, development, and testing (including open air tests) of methods, systems, and devices for the detection of pathogens in both the battlefield and homeland defense settings. PCR is often used as either an integral part of such detection systems or as a reference method to assess the sensitivity and specificity of microbial detection. To facilitate the detection of MS2 by PCR, we describe here a set of real-time fluorogenic reverse transcription-PCR assays. The sensitivity of the assays (performed with primer pairs and corresponding dye-labeled probes) ranged from 0.4 to 40 fg of MS2 genomic RNA (200 to 20,000 genome equivalents). We also demonstrate the usefulness of the primer pairs in assays without dye-labeled probe that included the DNA-binding dye SYBR green. None of the assays gave false-positive results when tested against 400 pg of several non-MS2 nucleic acid targets.
ChemInform Abstract: Mercury in Organic Chemistry. Part 36. Synthesis of (π‐Allyl)palladium Compounds and 1,4‐Dienes via Vinylpalladation of Monocyclic Alkenes. (1989)

Abstract Reaction of the vinylmercuric chloride (I) with cyclic alkenes such as (II) and Li 2 PdCl 4 (III) yields the (π‐allyl)palladium complex (IV).
Identification of Nicotinamide <i>N</i> -Methyltransferase as a Novel Serum Tumor Marker for Colorectal Cancer (2005)

It is proposed that NNMT serum levels may have significance in the early detection and in the management of patients with colorectal cancer.
Optical proximity correction with principal component regression (2008)

An important step in today's Integrated Circuit (IC) manufacturing is optical proximity correction (OPC). In model based OPC, masks are systematically modified to compensate for the non-ideal optical and process effects of optical lithography system. The polygons in the layout are fragmented, and simulations are performed to determine the image intensity pattern on the wafer. Then the mask is perturbed by moving the fragments to match the desired wafer pattern. This iterative process continues until the pattern on the wafer matches the desired one. Although OPC increases the fidelity of pattern transfer to the wafer, it is quite CPU intensive; OPC for modern IC designs can take days to complete on computer clusters with thousands of CPU. In this paper, techniques from statistical machine learning are used to predict the fragment movements. The goal is to reduce the number of iterations required in model based OPC by using a fast and efficient solution as the initial guess to model based OPC. To determine the best model, we train and evaluate several principal component regression models based on prediction error. Experimental results show that fragment movement predictions via regression model significantly decrease the number of iterations required in model based OPC.
Mixing Deduplication and Compression on Active Data Sets (2011)

Many new storage systems provide some form of data reduction. We examine data reduction methods that might be suitable for \emph{primary} storage systems serving active data (as contrasted with backup and archive systems), by analysis of file sets found in different active data environments. We address questions of: how effective are compression and variations of deduplication, both separately and in combination, when deduplication and compression are combined, which should be applied first, what will the tradeoff be between the different methods in their use of MIPS relative to the data reduction achieved, and what degree of data reduction should be expected for different data types.
Robust Distance Measures for Face-Recognition Supporting Revocable Biometric Tokens. (2006)

This paper explores a form of robust distance measures for biometrics and presents experiments showing that, when applied per class they can dramatically improve the accuracy of face recognition. We robustify'' many distance measures included in the CSU face-recognition toolkit, and apply them to PCA, LDA and EBGM. The resulting performance puts each of these algorithms, for the FERET datasets tested, on par with commercial face recognition results. Unlike passwords, biometric signatures cannot be changed or revoked. This paper shows how the robust distance measures introduce can be used for secure robust revocable biometrics. The technique produces what we call Biotopes/spl trade/, which provide public-key cryptographic security, supports matching in encoded form, cannot be linked across different databases and are revocable. Biotopes support a robust distance measure computed on the encoded form that is proven not to decrease, and that may potentially increase, accurately. The approach is demonstrated, to improve performance beyond the already impressive gains from the robust distance measure.
Electrochemical Liquid Phase Epitaxy (ec-LPE): A New Methodology for the Synthesis of Crystalline Group IV Semiconductor Epifilms (2017)

Deposition of epitaxial germanium (Ge) thin films on silicon (Si) wafers has been achieved over large areas with aqueous feedstock solutions using electrochemical liquid phase epitaxy (ec-LPE) at low temperatures (T ≤ 90 °C). The ec-LPE method uniquely blends the simplicity and control of traditional electrodeposition with the material quality of melt growth. A new electrochemical cell design based on the compression of a liquid metal electrode into a thin cavity that enables ec-LPE is described. The epitaxial nature, low strain character, and crystallographic defect content of the resultant solid Ge films were analyzed by electron backscatter diffraction, scanning transmission electron microscopy, high resolution X-ray diffraction, and electron channeling contrast imaging. The results here show the first step toward a manufacturing infrastructure for traditional crystalline inorganic semiconductor epifilms that does not require high temperature, gaseous precursors, or complex apparatus.
Smart x-ray beam position monitor system for the Advanced Photon Source (1996)

In third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, such as the Advanced Photon Source (APS), the sensitivity and reliability requirements for the x-ray beam position monitors (XBPMs) are much higher than for earlier systems. Noise and contamination signals caused by radiation emitted from the bending magnet become a major problem. The regular XBPM calibration process can only provide signal correction for one set of conditions for the insertion devices (ID). During normal operation, parameters affecting the ID-emitted beam, such as the gap of the ID magnets and the beam current, are the variables. A new smart x-ray beam position monitor system (SBPM) has been conceived and designed for the APS. It has a built in self-learning structure with EEPROM memory that is large enough to ‘‘remember’’ a complete set of calibration data covering all the possible operating conditions. During the self-learning mode, the monitor system initializes a series of automatic scan motions with information for different ID setups and records them into the database array. During normal operation, the SBPM corrects the normalized output according to the ID setup information and the calibration database. So that, with this novel system, the SBPM is always calibrating itself with the changing ID set up conditions.
AlGaN-GaN HEMTs on patterned silicon (111) substrate (2005)

We report the AlGaN-GaN high-electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) grown and fabricated on patterned silicon (111) substrates. A crack-free AlGaN-GaN HEMT heterostructure was grown on top of rectangular silicon ridges patterned on the silicon substrate. Fabrication of HEMT on the ridges was demonstrated using a polyimide planarization process. Maximum drain current density of 1.05 A/mm and peak transconductance of 150 mS/mm were achieved with 1.0 μm gate-length. The current gain cutoff frequency and maximum frequency of oscillation were 9.7 and 20.5 GHz, respectively, for the 1 μm × 300 μm devices.
Renewable <i>p</i>‐Xylene from 2,5‐Dimethylfuran and Ethylene Using Phosphorus‐Containing Zeolite Catalysts (2016)

Abstract p ‐Xylene is a major commodity chemical used for the production of polyethylene terephthalate, a polymer with applications in polyester fibers, films, and bottles. The Diels–Alder cycloaddition of 2,5‐dimethylfuran and ethylene and the subsequent dehydration of the cycloadduct intermediate is an attractive reaction pathway to produce renewable p ‐xylene from biomass feedstocks. However, the highest yields reported previously do not exceed 75 %. We report that P‐containing zeolite Beta is an active, stable, and selective catalyst for this reaction with an unprecedented p ‐xylene yield of 97 %. It can catalyze the dehydration reaction selectively from the furan‐ethylene cycloadduct to p ‐xylene without the production of alkylated and oligomerized products. This behavior is distinct from that of Al‐containing zeolites and other solid phosphoric acid catalysts and establishes a commercially attractive process for renewable p ‐xylene production.
A Comparative Study of Hand Recognition Systems (2010)

Hand-based recognition represents a key biometric technology with a wide range of potential applications both in industry and government. By far, many different hand-based recognition algorithms have been developed. This paper presents a comparative study to evaluate the performance of three state of the art hand-based recognition methods. Using the University of Nevada at Reno (UNR) and the University of Notre Dame (UND) hand databases, we compare a geometric-based method, a component-based approach using Zernike moments, and an algorithm employing 3D finger surface features. Both recognition and authentication experiments have been conducted to investigate the performance and robustness of the three methods. Our experimental results show that Zernike descriptors yield features that are more robust and accurate compared to hand geometric features and 3D finger surface features.
General methods of primary dust control during cutting (1984)

The paper is concerned with US Bureau of Mines work on the reduction of respirable dust generated by cutting bits on the coal face. Coal cutting design concepts are considered that minimise dust generation, energy used and ignitions, while maintaining production. With present equipment, an operator can maintain production and minimise dust generation by cutting at maximum depth at all times (maximum sumping or advance rate), at minimum rpm with fewest possible bits and with lowest possible included bit tip angle, i.e. minimum bit wear.
Sensitivity of long period fiber gratings to nanoscale ionic self-assembled multilayers (2005)

We have shown that ionic self-assembled multilayers (ISAMs) deposited on optical fiber long period gratings (LPGs) yield dramatic resonant-wavelength shifts, even with nanometer-thick films. Precise control of the refractive index and the thickness of these films was achieved by altering the relative fraction of the anionic and cationic materials combined with layer-by-layer deposition. We demonstrate the feasibility of this highly controllable deposition-technique for fine-tuning grating properties for grating applications. In addition, we confirm theoretically that the resonant wavelength shift can result from either the variation of the thickness of the film and/or the variation of its refractive index. Finally, we demonstrate that ISAMs adsorbed on LPGs function effectively as biosensors. These simulations and experimental results confirm that ISAM-coated-LPGs provide a thermally-stable, reusable, robust, and attractive platform for building efficient fiber optic sensors and devices.
Strategies for improved 3D small‐tip fast recovery imaging (2013)

Using the proposed unspoiled sequence and joint RF pulse design, STFR brain images in a 3D region of interest with balanced steady-state free precession-like signal properties but with reduced banding can be obtained.
Polyacrylic acid based plasma fractionation for the production of albumin and IgG: Compatibility with existing commercial downstream processes (2020)

Commercial fractionation of human plasma into immunoglobulin- and albumin-rich fractions is often initiated with sequential cold ethanol-based precipitation methods, which have changed little over the past 70 years. The required low temperature (-4 to -8°C) and high concentrations of ethanol 8-40%) necessitate large-scale fixed processing lines, and major capital investment and operating costs. The resulting fractions are then further purified by ethanol based precipitation or chromatographic procedures to obtain the purified final product. Aqueous polyacrylic acid (PAA) based precipitation, which readily interfaces with existing downstream processing, could offer advantages with respect to cost, safety, environmental impact, and flexibility. Sequential precipitation with 7%, 12%, and 20% (w/v) solutions of PAA 8000 in the presence of a kosmotropic salt (sodium citrate) gave fibrinogen-, immunoglobulin-, and albumin-rich fractions with 80-90% yield and 64%, 55%, and 82% purity, respectively. Further purification of the IgG-rich precipitate by caprylic acid precipitation and anion exchange chromatography, achieved a target purity of >99%. This was also achieved for the downstream processing of the albumin-rich precipitate using a two-step ion exchange chromatographic procedure. This work shows that PAA precipitation can be used in place of cold ethanol precipitation to generate crude IgG and albumin fractions which can be purified to final products of acceptable purity.
Epitaxial YBa2Cu3O<i>x</i> thin films on sapphire using a Y-stabilized ZrO2 buffer layer (1991)

Epitaxial, c-oriented YBa2Cu3Ox thin films were deposited by dc sputtering on (11̄02)-sapphire substrates with an intermediate buffer layer of Y-stabilized ZrO2 (YSZ), which was grown by rf magnetron sputtering. The epitaxy of the YSZ and the YBa2Cu3Ox films was proved by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with ion channeling. The YBa2Cu3Ox films exhibited transition temperatures of 90 K and had critical current densities exceeding 1.2×106 A/cm2 at 77 K in zero magnetic field.
Study on Degradation and Failure in Lithographically Patterned Gold/Manganese Dioxide Core/Shell Nanowires Based Supercapacitors (2015)

Nanosized manganese oxide (MnO 2 ) is a widely studied material for electrochemical capacitors because of the high specific surface area and excellent electrochemical properties leading to improved rate capability and enhanced energy/power densities. Most of the research on MnO 2 is aimed at improving the capacitance whereas only a few studies are focused on cycling stability of these electrodes. In this work, degradation in capacitance of arrays of gold core nanowire encapsulated within a hemicylindrical shell of MnO 2 is studied. Raman spectroscopy experiments performed on a single core/shell nanowire indicated changes in spectral shifts of the prominent Raman modes for δ-MnO 2 as well as changes in the intensity of these modes.
Multichannel image compression by bijection mappings onto zero-trees (2002)

A new approach to multichannel image compression is introduced where the intra- and cross-band correlations are jointly exploited in a surprisingly simple yet very effective manner. The key component of the algorithm is a bijection mapping of the original multichannel image into a virtual two-dimensional (2-D) scalar image. By optimally mapping the multichannel image set into a 2-D array and by subsequently applying a scalar image coding algorithm, the spatial correlation and the spectral correlation of the multichannel data set are jointly exploited. Based on the statistical characteristics of the multichannel data, the bijection mapping can be optimized to minimize the distortion introduced by the compression algorithm. The optimization reduces to the maximization of a function of the second-order statistics of the multichannel data. At high compression rates, the new algorithm outperforms traditional compression algorithms whenever the cross-band correlation is high and it yields comparable performance at low compression rates.
Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(7-36)amide on antro-pyloro-duodenal motility in the interdigestive state and with duodenal lipid perfusion in humans (2000)

GLP-1 inhibited antro-duodenal contractility and stimulated the tonic and phasic motility of the pylorus. These effects probably mediate delayed gastric emptying. Inhibition of efferent vagal activity may be an important mechanism. As postprandial plasma levels of GLP-1 are sufficient to appreciably affect motility, we believe that endogenous GLP-1 is a physiological regulator of motor activity in the antro-pyloro-duodenal region.