gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Lightweight Network for Accurate Coronary Artery Segmentation Using X-Ray Angiograms (2022)

An accurate and automated segmentation of coronary arteries in X-ray angiograms is essential for cardiologists to diagnose coronary artery disease in clinics. The existing deep learning-based coronary arteries segmentation models focus on using complex networks to improve the accuracy of segmentation while ignoring the computational cost. However, performing such segmentation networks requires a high-performance device with a powerful GPU and a high bandwidth memory. To address this issue, in this study, a lightweight deep learning network is developed for a better balance between computational cost and segmentation accuracy. We have made two efforts in designing the network. On the one hand, we adopt bottleneck residual blocks to replace the internal components in the encoder and decoder of the traditional U-Net to make the network more lightweight. On the other hand, we embed the two attention modules to model long-range dependencies in spatial and channel dimensions for the accuracy of segmentation. In addition, we employ Top-hat transforms and contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) as the pre-processing strategy to enhance the coronary arteries to further improve the accuracy. Experimental evaluations conducted on the coronary angiograms dataset show that the proposed lightweight network performs well for accurate coronary artery segmentation, achieving the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.8770, 0.9789, 0.9729, and 0.9910, respectively. It is noteworthy that the proposed network contains only 0.75 M of parameters, which achieves the best performance by the comparative experiments with popular segmentation networks (such as U-Net with 31.04 M of parameters). Experimental results demonstrate that our network can achieve better performance with an extremely low number of parameters. Furthermore, the generalization experiments indicate that our network can accurately segment coronary angiograms from other coronary angiograms' databases, which demonstrates the strong generalization and robustness of our network.
4-Hydroxycinnamate Lowers Plasma and Hepatic Lipids without Changing Antioxidant Enzyme Activities (2003)

These results indicate that 4-(OH)-C was effective in lowering the plasma cholesterol and hepatic lipids.
La cultura política y la continuidad de la revolución y el socialismo en Cuba (2005)

En el artículo se establece la relación entre cultura general y cultura política, socialización política y cultura política, que es la base para comprender el papel que ha jugado y ha de jugar en el futuro la cultura política en la defensa y continuidad histórica de la Revolución en la construcción del socialismo en Cuba.
Self-efficacy and its application in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: a critical review (2012)

Symptomatic knee osteoarthritis, a prevalent progressively disabling disease affecting one or both knee joints requires extensive self-management. Self-efficacy, a psychological attribute generally denoting one’s perceived belief about their ability to successfully perform a particular behavior, including health behaviors, is a significant predictor of psychological well-being, adherence to prescribed treatments, and pain coping mechanisms in persons with various forms of chronic disease, including arthritis. This paper examines the available peer-reviewed research published over the last 35 years detailing: i) the concept of self-efficacy, ii) the relationship between self-efficacy and adjustment to arthritis, iii) the research concerning self-efficacy in the context of knee osteoarthritis disability, and iv) some promising approaches for promoting the wellbeing of adults with knee osteoarthritis through the application of self-efficacy theory and other approaches. Based on this data, directions for future research and practice are offered.
Strategies for distant speech recognitionin reverberant environments (2015)

Reverberation and noise are known to severely affect the automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance of speech recorded by distant microphones. Therefore, we must deal with reverberation if we are to realize high-performance hands-free speech recognition. In this paper, we review a recognition system that we developed at our laboratory to deal with reverberant speech. The system consists of a speech enhancement (SE) front-end that employs long-term linear prediction-based dereverberation followed by noise reduction. We combine our SE front-end with an ASR back-end that uses neural networks for acoustic and language modeling. The proposed system achieved top scores on the ASR task of the REVERB challenge. This paper describes the different technologies used in our system and presents detailed experimental results that justify our implementation choices and may provide hints for designing distant ASR systems.
5,5-Dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-<i>N</i>-oxyl Formation in Electron Spin Resonance Studies of Electrolyzed NaCl Solution Using 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-<i>N</i>-oxide as a Spin Trapping Agent (2005)

Electrolyzed oxidizing (EO) water has recently generated much interest as a disinfectant in the food industry. 5,5-Dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) is a spin trapping agent widely used in the electron spin resonance (ESR) characterization of oxygen-centered free radicals. The reaction between electrolyzed water, collected from the anode side of a two-chamber electrolyzer, and DMPO was investigated by ESR spectroscopy. Addition of DMPO to EO water generated an ESR spectrum identical to that of 5,5-dimethyl-2-pyrrolidone-N-oxyl (DMPOX), suggesting that a compound from EO water oxidized DMPO with the formation of DMPOX. To further investigate the electrolytically generated compound that oxidized DMPO, aqueous solutions of different sodium salts (sodium chloride, sodium citrate, and sodium iodide) with similar conductivities were electrolyzed. The DMPOX signal was not detected in the electrolyzed sodium citrate sample, suggesting that DMPOX formation in the electrolyzed NaCl sample might be due to an electrolytically generated chlorine species. A low DMPOX signal was also observed from the electrolyzed NaI sample, suggesting that a similar species obtained through the electrolysis of I- can also oxidize DMPO. Hypochlorous acid is proposed to oxidize the spin trap DMPO with the formation of DMPOX. In a neutral pH environment, electrolyzed water also oxidized DMPO to DMPOX. This is consistent with the DMPOX formation in the reaction of chlorine water (containing HOCl and Cl2) or sodium hypochlorite with DMPO.
Compressibility compensation inside field device using FDT configuration software (2011)

This paper presents new compressibility compensation system which consists of FDT (Field Device Tool, IEC62453) standard conforming configuration software and mass flow measurement field device. The configuration software calculates coefficient for compensation from the physical property database inside host computer. The field device dynamically compensates compressibility for process fluid using the coefficient. By this system, even though field device has limited processor power and memory space, compensation is done with full functionality of the physical property database. We have already developed the system for multivariable transmitter and vortex flow meter and confirmed the benefits. We did the field test and confirmed the new compensation system contributed to the natural gas mass flow rate accuracy as excellent as 1% for multivariable transmitter on a UKAS-certified British test line. Regarding the interoperability of the configuration software, we have the certification of FDT standard and confirmed open operational environment. We will extend the functionality in future and contribute to the progress of process automation industry.
Advanced techniques for enhanced Ion Beam Etch uniformity (2018)

Ion Beam Etch (IBE) is an existing technology used for many years in hard drive recording head applications where accurate, nanometer etched scale is required. IBE has been adopted in selected areas of Semi-Conductor processing such as STT-MRAM memory devices and IR Sensors. The accuracy and low damage of the IBE process are ideal for sensitive structures such as magnetic sensors. Plasm-Therm Planetary IBE system introduces a sweeping wafer stage feature producing an order of magnitude improvement in uniformity, excellent center-to-edge feature symmetry and shaping the radial etch profile. The design architecture not only improves etch uniformity and symmetry for 200mm applications but enables scaling to larger wafer diameters while maintaining performance.
Peak Detection Method Evaluation for Ion Mobility Spectrometry by Using Machine Learning Approaches (2013)

Ion mobility spectrometry with pre-separation by multi-capillary columns (MCC/IMS) has become an established inexpensive, non-invasive bioanalytics technology for detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with various metabolomics applications in medical research. To pave the way for this technology towards daily usage in medical practice, different steps still have to be taken. With respect to modern biomarker research, one of the most important tasks is the automatic classification of patient-specific data sets into different groups, healthy or not, for instance. Although sophisticated machine learning methods exist, an inevitable preprocessing step is reliable and robust peak detection without manual intervention. In this work we evaluate four state-of-the-art approaches for automated IMS-based peak detection: local maxima search, watershed transformation with IPHEx, region-merging with VisualNow, and peak model estimation (PME).We manually generated Metabolites 2013, 3 278 a gold standard with the aid of a domain expert (manual) and compare the performance of the four peak calling methods with respect to two distinct criteria. We first utilize established machine learning methods and systematically study their classification performance based on the four peak detectors' results. Second, we investigate the classification variance and robustness regarding perturbation and overfitting. Our main finding is that the power of the classification accuracy is almost equally good for all methods, the manually created gold standard as well as the four automatic peak finding methods. In addition, we note that all tools, manual and automatic, are similarly robust against perturbations. However, the classification performance is more robust against overfitting when using the PME as peak calling preprocessor. In summary, we conclude that all methods, though small differences exist, are largely reliable and enable a wide spectrum of real-world biomedical applications.
Enhanced High-Temperature Cycle Life of LiFePO[sub 4]-Based Li-Ion Batteries by Vinylene Carbonate as Electrolyte Additive (2006)

Addition of vinylene carbonate (VC) in electrolyte solution has been found to greatly improve the high-temperature cycling performance of -based Li-ion batteries. It has been established that the VC additive remarkably suppresses Fe dissolution from cathode and hence, subsequent Fe deposition on the anode side. Furthermore, the VC additive also significantly reduces formation of solid-electrolyte interface layers on both cathodes and mesocarbon microbead (MCMB) anodes. With VC addition, a 18650-type /MCMB cell has been shown to retain capacity after 980 cycles at under charge–discharge rates. This is in contrast with more than 25% capacity loss after merely 100 cycles when no VC is added.
Experimental Investigation on Superior PMOS Performance of Uniaxial Strained &#x226A;110&#x226B; Silicon Nanowire Channel By Embedded SiGe Source/Drain (2007)

Strained silicon nanowire transistor with embedded SiGe (e-SG) source/drain is investigated for the first time on experiments. By compressive stress induced by e-SG, PMOS performance is improved by about 85%. <110>-oriented nanowire channel also contributes 80% PMOS performance improvement relative to <100> direction. By combination of uniaxial stress and <110> channel direction, up to 136% PMOS performance enhancement is obtained so that superior PMOSFET to NMOSFET is for the first time observed with silicon channel material.
Simulated driving performance and peripheral detection at mesopic and low photopic light levels (2000)

This paper describes research conducted to measure people's ability to perform a simulated driving task and respond to peripheral targets at mesopic and low photopic light levels under different spectral power distributions (SPDS). A computer-controlled driving simulator apparatus was employed. An achromatic projected driving scene could be controlled in terms of luminance and SPD using filters. Subjects drove simulated roadway courses; their average speed, frequency of crashing and subjective ratings of brightness were measured. As expected, driving performance and subjective ratings improved with photopic luminance. SPD had no measurable an driving performance or brightness ratings. Subsequent tests shawed, however, that the detection of targets located in the peripheral visual field (positioned where potential visual hazards to a driver might be located) was highly dependent on both luminance and SID. Rods and cones both appear to contribute to peripheral target detection even at luminances traditionally considered to be strictly photopic. The results and their implications are discussed in the context of previous research.
An Arabidopsis <i>NPR1</i>‐like gene, <i>NPR4</i>, is required for disease resistance (2004)

The Arabidopsis genome contains six NPR1-related genes. Given the pivotal role played by NPR1 in controlling salicylic acid (SA)-mediated gene expression and disease resistance, functional characterization of other family members appears to be justified. Reverse genetics was used to analyze the role of one NPR1-like gene, which we called NPR4. The NPR4 protein shares 36% identity with NPR1 and interacts with the same spectrum of TGA transcription factors in yeast two-hybrid assays. Plants with T-DNA insertions in NPR4 are more susceptible to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringe pv. tomato DC3000. This phenotype is complemented by expression of the wild type NPR4 coding region. As determined by the parasite reproduction, the npr4-1 mutant is more susceptible to the fungal pathogen Erysiphe cichoracearum, but does not differ markedly from wild type in its interaction with virulent and avirulent strains of the oomycete Peronospora parasitica. In leaves of wild-type plants, NPR4 mRNA levels increase following pathogen challenge or SA treatment, and decrease rapidly following methyl jasmonic acid (MeJA) treatment. Transcripts of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes PR-1, PR-2, and PR-5 are only marginally reduced in the npr4-1 mutant following pathogen challenge or SA treatment. This reduction of PR gene expression is more pronounced when leaves are challenged with the bacterial pathogen following SA treatment. Expression of the jasmonic acid-dependent pathway marker gene PDF1.2 is compromised in npr4-1 leaves following application of MeJA or a combination of SA and MeJA. These results indicate that NPR4 is required for basal defense against pathogens, and that it may be implicated in the cross-talk between the SA- and JA-dependent signaling pathways.
Blind source separation of acoustic mixtures using time-frequency domain independent component analysis (2003)

Blind source separation of acoustic mixtures aims at providing a solution to the classical cocktail-party problem. The inherent delays and convolutions in microphone recordings, entails a modification in the independent component analysis (ICA), which achieves separation by making the assumption of statistical independence of source signals that are linearly combined. The proposed algorithm provides a solution for the blind source separation problem by shifting the domain of the problem to the time-frequency domain and applying ICA to each of the frequency components individually. Satisfactory results were achieved for speech-music as well as speech-speech separation by adopting the time-frequency domain ICA.
Controlled Dealloying of Alloy Nanoparticles toward Optimization of Electrocatalysis on Spongy Metallic Nanoframes (2016)

Atomic-level understanding of the structural transformations of multimetallic nanoparticles triggered by external stimuli is of vital importance to the enhancement of our capabilities to fine-tailor the key structural parameters and thereby to precisely tune the properties of the nanoparticles. Here, we show that, upon thermal annealing in a reducing atmosphere, Au@Cu2O core-shell nanoparticles transform into Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles with tunable compositional stoichiometries that are predetermined by the relative core and shell dimensions of their parental core-shell nanoparticle precursors. The Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles exhibit distinct dealloying behaviors that are dependent upon their Cu/Au stoichiometric ratios. For Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles with Cu atomic fractions above the parting limit, nanoporosity-evolving percolation dealloying occurs upon exposure of the alloy nanoparticles to appropriate chemical etchants, resulting in the formation of particulate spongy nanoframes with solid/void bicontinuous morphology composed of hierarchically interconnected nanoligaments. The nanoporosity evolution during percolation dealloying is synergistically guided by two intertwining structural rearrangement processes, ligament domain coarsening driven by thermodynamics and framework expansion driven by Kirkendall effects, both of which can be maneuvered by controlling the Cu leaching rates during the percolation dealloying. The dealloyed nanoframes possess large open surface areas accessible by the reactant molecules and high abundance of catalytically active undercoordinated atoms on the ligament surfaces, two unique structural features highly desirable for high-performance electrocatalysis. Using the room temperature electro-oxidation of methanol as a model reaction, we further demonstrate that, through controlled percolation dealloying of Au-Cu alloy nanoparticles, both the electrochemically active surface areas and the specific activity of the dealloyed metallic nanoframes can be systematically tuned to achieve the optimal electrocatalytic activities.
Development of Fibroblast Activation Protein Inhibitor-Based Dimeric Radiotracers with Improved Tumor Retention and Antitumor Efficacy (2022)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), a fundamental component of the tumor stroma, is overexpressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). As a promising theranostic probe, we evaluated whether the FAP inhibitor (FAPI) dimer (DOTA-2P[FAPI]<sub>2</sub>) is more effective than its monomeric analogs for FAP-targeted radionuclide therapy. [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga/[<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> were assayed in a stability study, small-animal positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), biodistribution, and radionuclide therapy to comprehensively evaluate their preclinical pharmacokinetics. The pharmacokinetics of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> and [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> were determined in FAP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and HT-1080-FAP cell-derived xenografts (CDXs). [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> and [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> were stable in phosphate-buffered saline for 4 h. The tumor retention of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> was better than that of [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-FAPI-46 in HT-1080-FAP CDXs, while healthy organs showed low tracer uptake and fast body clearance. In single-photon emission computed tomography, [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> showed a higher uptake and longer retention for tumors in both PDXs and CDXs from 1-48 h. [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> showed the best inhibition of tumor growth in PDXs and CDXs. DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> has increased tumor uptake and retention properties compared to FAPI-46, which significantly improves the use of FAPI-based vectors for PET imaging and radionuclide therapy. [<sup>177</sup>Lu]Lu-DOTA-2P(FAPI)<sub>2</sub> may be safe and effective for the treatment of FAP-positive malignant tumors.
Biosimilars entering the clinic without animal studies (2014)

The concept of biosimilars has spread from Europe to other regions throughout the world, and many regions have drafted regulatory guidelines for their development. Recently, a paradigm shift in regulatory thinking on the non-clinical development of biosimilars has emerged in Europe: In vivo testing should follow a step-wise approach rather than being performed by default. To not require animal testing at all in some instances can well be seen as a revolutionary, but science-based, step. Here, we describe the internal discussions that led to this paradigm shift. The mainstay for the establishment of biosimilarity is the pharmaceutical comparability based on extensive physicochemical and biological characterization. Pharmacodynamic comparability can be evaluated in in vitro assays, whereas pharmacokinetic comparability is best evaluated in clinical studies. It is considered highly unlikely that new safety issues would arise when comparability has been demonstrated based on physicochemical and in vitro comparative studies.
Constant Round Maliciously Secure 2PC with Function-independent Preprocessing using LEGO (2017)

Author(s): Jesper Buus Nielsen, Thomas Schneider, Roberto Trifiletti Download: Paper (PDF) Date: 27 Feb 2017 Document Type: Reports Additional Documents: Slides Video Associated Event: NDSS Symposium 2017 Abstract: Asymptotically more efficient than on the circuit level. Since then the LEGO approach has been improved upon in several theoretical works, but never implemented. In this paper we describe further … Continued
Optimized green fluorescent protein variants provide improved single cell resolution of transgene expression in ascidian embryos (2005)

The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is used extensively to monitor gene expression and protein localization in living cells, particularly in developing embryos from a variety of species. Several GFP mutations have been characterized that improve protein expression and alter the emission spectra to produce proteins that emit green, blue, cyan, and yellow wavelengths. DsRed and its variants encode proteins that emit in the orange to red wavelengths. Many of these commercially available fluorescent proteins have been "codon optimized" for maximal levels of expression in mammalian cells. We have generated several fluorescent protein color variants that have been codon optimized for maximal expression in the ascidian Ciona intestinalis. By analyzing quantitative time-lapse recordings of transgenic embryos, we demonstrate that, in general, our Ciona optimized variants are detected and expressed at higher levels than commercially available fluorescent proteins. We show that three of these proteins, expressed simultaneously in different spatial domains within the same transgenic embryo are easily detectable using optimized fluorescent filter sets for epifluorescent microscopy. Coupled with recently developed quantitative imaging techniques, our GFP variants should provide useful reagents for monitoring the simultaneous expression of multiple genes in transgenic ascidian embryos.