gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface enhanced Raman tags for cellular cancer biomarker detection (2007)

4747 The diversity of Raman spectroscopic signatures, the single molecule sensitivity of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and the biocompatibility of metal nanoparticles make SERS an attractive platform for multiplexed biomolecular detection. We report the development of SERS probes for tagging specific biomolecules on living cells. Our design involves encapsulating gold nanoparticle-reporter molecule complexes with thiol-derivatized polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) and PEG-SH linked antibodies. A surprising finding is that this design can incorporate both sulfur-containing and non sulfur-containing molecules as reporters, expanding the repertoire of sensitive SERS tags. Reporter molecule spectral properties and nanoparticle aggregation states are well-preserved under extremes of pH, salinity, and solvent changes, and in the presence of competing SERS reporters, proteins, and cells. To demonstrate the feasibility of SERS nanotechnology for practical molecular oncology applications, we used the SERS tags to measure expression of a cell surface cancer biomarker and discriminate breast carcinoma cells from non-carcinoma cells using both visible and near-infrared excitation. These results create new opportunities for ultrasensitive molecular detection and optical imaging in complex biological materials.
Soluble urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor and incident end-stage renal disease in Chinese patients with chronic kidney disease (2018)

Circulating suPAR level was independently associated with an increased risk of progression to ESRD in Chinese CKD patients, especially in those with an etiology of GN.
Differentially "bathtub"-tuned CMOS VCO using inductively coupled varactors (2004)

A new differential tuning concept for LC oscillator is introduced and demonstrated on a 4.5GHz CMOS VCO. It uses inductive coupling of varactors, giving highly linear differential tuning with good common-mode rejection. Only one type of varactor is used, allowing the designer to use the varactor-type with the highest C/sub max//C/sub min/ ratio and/or quality factor. It is shown that differential tuning offers a means to suppress the upconversion of common-mode bias noise, allowing for a significant power reduction in the VCO's bias circuitry. The realized VCO combines differential tuning constant K/sub VCO/ is 65MHz/V. The measured phase noise is lower than -124dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset over the entire tuning range. The circuit, including bias, draws 5.5mA from a 2.5V supply.
Performance of Principal Component Analysis and Independent Component Analysis with Respect to Signal Extraction from Noisy Positron Emission Tomography Data - a Study on Computer Simulated Images (2009)

Multivariate image analysis tools are used for analyzing dynamic or multidimensional Positron Emission Tomography, PET data with the aim of noise reduction, dimension reduction and signal separation. Principal Component Analysis is one of the most commonly used multivariate image analysis tools, applied on dynamic PET data. Independent Component Analysis is another multivariate image analysis tool used to extract and separate signals. Because of the presence of high and variable noise levels and correlation in the different PET images which may confound the multivariate analysis, it is essential to explore and investigate different types of pre-normalization (transformation) methods that need to be applied, prior to application of these tools. In this study, we explored the performance of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to extract signals and reduce noise, thereby increasing the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) in a dynamic sequence of PET images, where the features of the noise are different compared with some other medical imaging techniques. Applications on computer simulated PET images were explored and compared. Application of PCA generated relatively similar results, with some minor differences, on the images with different noise characteristics. However, clear differences were seen with respect to the type of pre-normalization. ICA on images normalized using two types of normalization methods also seemed to perform relatively well but did not reach the improvement in SNR as PCA. Furthermore ICA seems to have a tendency under some conditions to shift over information from IC1 to other independent components and to be more sensitive to the level of noise. PCA is a more stable technique than ICA and creates better results both qualitatively and quantitatively in the simulated PET images. PCA can extract the signals from the noise rather well and is not sensitive to type of noise, magnitude and correlation, when the input data are correctly handled by a proper pre-normalization. It is important to note that PCA as inherently a method to separate signal information into different components could still generate PC1 images with improved SNR as compared to mean images.
Green Nanotechnology from Cumin Phytochemicals: Generation of Biocompatible Gold Nanoparticles (2009)

ABSTRACT The powerful antioxidant characteristics of various phytochernicals within cumin prompted us to test their efficacy in reducing sodium tetrachloroaurate to corresponding gold nanoparticles. We, herein, report an unprecedented synthetic route that involves the production of well-defined spherical gold nanoparticles by simple mixing of cumin to an aqueous solution of sodium tetrachloro aurate. Production of gold nanoparticles in this cumin–mediated Green Nanotechnological process is achieved under biologically benign conditions. The gold nanoparticles generated through cumin-mediated process did not aggregate suggesting that the cocktail of phytochemicals including proteins serve as excellent coatings on nanoparticles and thus, provide robust shielding from aggregations. In addition, the phytochemical coatings on nanoparticles have rendered nontoxic features to these ‘Green Gold Nanoparticles’ as demonstrated through detailed MTT assays performed on 'normal fibroblast cells. Results of our studies presenting a new ‘Nano-Naturo’ connection for the production and utility of gold nanoparticles for potential applications in nanomedicine and nanotechnology are discussed in this paper.
Potency of PD155080, an Orally Active ETA Receptor Antagonist, Determined for Human Endothelin Receptors (1995)

We have determined, for the first time, the potency of a new ETA-selective endothelin (ET) antagonist, PD155080, for human endothelin receptors. In sections of human left ventricle (n = 3) and human kidney (n = 5) PD155080 competed for specific [125I]ET-1 binding with Kd values at the ETA receptor of 221.4 +/- 25 nM and 19.0 +/- 23 nM and at the ETB receptor of 86.5 +/- 9.0 microM and 17.7 +/- 1.4 microM. PD155080 therefore has up to 1,000-fold selectivity for the human ETA receptor. The ability of this compound to antagonize ET-1-mediated vasoconstriction was determined in human isolated coronary artery, saphenous vein, and left internal mammary artery. Increasing concentrations of PD155080 caused a progressive, parallel rightward shift of the ET-1 concentration-response curve without detrimental effect on the maximal response to ET-1. The pA2 values determined by Schild analysis were 6.87 in coronary artery (n = 5), 6.75 in saphenous vein (n = 7), and 7.25 in mammary artery (n = 6). Slopes of the Schild regression lines were not significantly different from one, indicating a competitive mode of action. In addition, PD155080 (1 microM) fully reversed the established contraction to ET-1 (30 nM) in saphenous vein. The potency of this compound is comparable to that reported for the ETA-selective peptide antagonist BQ123 [cyclo(D-Trp-L-Asp-L-Pro-D-Val-L-Leu)], which is effective in limiting tissue damage caused by ET-1 in animal models of pathologic vasospasm. PD155080 may therefore be a good candidate for clinical use in diseases, such as subarachnoid hemorrhage, in which the ET system is implicated.
Method for the removal of sulfur dioxide from gas mixtures. [use of N-containing compounds] (1975)

To obtain a sufficient operative field at the operation for cardiac cancer, especially with esophageal infiltration, thoracotomy or sternotomy has been added to laparotomy. These procedures are not easy and cause great stress in patients. Through our new technique, left sided thoracotomy and sternotomy can be eliminated in favor of transabdominal phrenotomy, which is able to be performed much easier to obtain a good operative field. In order to perform the phrenotomy, the diaphragm has to be stretched using our modified hook suspender, by which the costal arch is lifted strongly upward and cranially. With these procedures, about a 5cm long esophagus is able to be resected with lymph node dissection in the lower mediastinum without difficulty. No marked influence of the hook suspender as well as the phrenotomy has been recognized on respiratory and circulatory systems. The anastomosis between the esophagus and jejunum or residual stomach seems to be very difficult, because the site of the anastomosis is located quite deep in the mediastinum. This problem, however, can be completely resolved by means of a surgical stapling autosuture instrument.
<title>Rotation angle measurement using a solid state ring laser</title> (1995)

The possibility of solid-state ring laser (SSRL) as a gyroscope was examined first in a frame of diode-laser pumped monolithic Nd:YAG ring resonator. Weak coupling between the counter-propagating waves results in antiphase sinusoidal self-modulation of the intensities. It is observed that the self-modulation frequencies depend on the external rotation rate.
Magnetic fingerprints of rolling cells for quantitative flow cytometry in whole blood (2016)

Over the past 50 years, flow cytometry has had a profound impact on preclinical and clinical applications requiring single cell function information for counting, sub-typing and quantification of epitope expression. At the same time, the workflow complexity and high costs of such optical systems still limit flow cytometry applications to specialized laboratories. Here, we present a quantitative magnetic flow cytometer that incorporates in situ magnetophoretic cell focusing for highly accurate and reproducible rolling of the cellular targets over giant magnetoresistance sensing elements. Time-of-flight analysis is used to unveil quantitative single cell information contained in its magnetic fingerprint. Furthermore, we used erythrocytes as a biological model to validate our methodology with respect to precise analysis of the hydrodynamic cell diameter, quantification of binding capacity of immunomagnetic labels, and discrimination of cell morphology. The extracted time-of-flight information should enable point-of-care quantitative flow cytometry in whole blood for clinical applications, such as immunology and primary hemostasis.
Adaptive thresholding filters for additive signal dependent noise reduction (1993)

Our previous work have experimentally demonstrated that photo-refractive two-beam coupling can be used as an effective device for artifact and defect noise reduction through constant thresholding.
Micro-optical force sensor concept based on whispering gallery mode resonators (2008)

A micro-optical force sensor concept based on the morphology-dependent shifts of optical modes of dielectric microspheres is investigated. The optical resonances, commonly referred to as the whispering gallery modes (WGM), were excited by evanescently coupling light from a tunable diode laser using a tapered single-mode fiber. A compressive force applied to the sphere induces a change in both the shape and the index of refraction of the sphere leading to a shift in WGM. By tracking the shifts, the force magnitude is determined using solid silica as well as solid and hollow Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) microsphere resonators. A measurement sensitivity as high as dlambda/dF=7.664 nm/N was demonstrated with a 960 mum hollow PMMA sphere.
The relative ability of three ictal EEG frequency bands to differentiate ECT seizures on the basis of electrode placement, stimulus intensity, and therapeutic response. (1996)

Ictal EEG indices show promise for separating individual ECT seizures on the basis of treatment electrode placement (ELPL), relative stimulus intensity (Dose), and expected therapeutic response. One factor impeding the effective clinical implementation of ictal EEG indices for these purposes is uncertainty as to the relative utility of lower and higher frequency EEG activity. Recent articles are contradictory in this regard, but no data exist addressing this issue. As a result, we reanalyzed data from 44 subjects in two studies and compared the relative ability of ictal EEG data in three frequency bands to differentiate seizures as a function of ELPL, Dose, and therapeutic response. We found that the frequency band that best differentiated these groups depended on the EEG measure used, the temporal portion of the seizure, and whether ELPL, Dose, or therapeutic response was being compared.
Side crosstalk response in perpendicular magnetic recording with narrow track width single-pole head. (1989)

Off-track side crosstalk response and Bitter pattern on a perpendicular magnetic recording medium observed after recording with a single-pole head were investigated experimentally for various track widths and bit lengths. A Co-Cr/permalloy flexible disk medium of 3.5″ diameter and single-sided single-pole heads of 3.8μm, 5.5μm, 7.0μm track width were used for the evaluation. The following results were obtained by this experiment: 1) the recorded track width accurately coincided with the width of a main pole even for the very narrow track width of 3.8μm; and 2) side crosstalk in perpendicular magnetic recording is determined by the side reading behavior of the single-pole head used.
Semi-supervised training for statistical word alignment (2006)

We introduce a semi-supervised approach to training for statistical machine translation that alternates the traditional Expectation Maximization step that is applied on a large training corpus with a discriminative step aimed at increasing word-alignment quality on a small, manually word-aligned sub-corpus. We show that our algorithm leads not only to improved alignments but also to machine translation outputs of higher quality.
Three Immunoproteasome-Associated Subunits Cooperatively Generate a Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitope of Epstein-Barr Virus LMP2A by Overcoming Specific Structures Resistant to Epitope Liberation (2005)

The precise roles of gamma interferon-inducible immunoproteasome-associated molecules in generation of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes have yet to be fully elucidated. We describe here a unique epitope derived from the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A) presented by HLA-A*2402 molecules. Generation of the epitope, designated LMP2A(222-230), from the full-length protein requires the immunoproteasome subunit low-molecular-weight protein 7 (ip-LMP7) and the proteasome activator 28-alpha subunit and is accelerated by ip-LMP2, as revealed by gene expression experiments using an LMP2A(222-230)-specific CTL clone as a responder in enzyme-linked immunospot assays. The unequivocal involvement of all three components was confirmed by RNA interference gene silencing. Interestingly, the LMP2A(222-230) epitope could be efficiently generated from incomplete EBV-LMP2A fragments that were produced by puromycin treatment or gene-engineered shortened EBV-LMP2A lacking some of its hydrophobic domains. In addition, epitope generation was increased by a single amino acid substitution from leucine to alanine immediately flanking the C terminus, this being predicted by a web-accessible program to increase the cleavage strength. Taken together, the data indicate that the generation of LMP2A(222-230) is influenced not only by extrinsic factors such as immunoproteasomes but also by intrinsic factors such as the length of the EBV-LMP2A protein and proteasomal cleavage strength at specific positions in the source antigen.
ACTR-42. CLINICAL TRIALS OF VAL-083 IN PATIENTS WITH CHEMORESISTANT GLIOBLASTOMA (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common CNS-tumor. Patients with recurrent GBM have few treatment options and dismal prognosis. O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) is correlated with resistance to standard-of-care treatment with temozolomide and poor patient outcomes. Dianhydrogalactitol (VAL-083) is a bi-functional alkylating agent that readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and has demonstrated MGMT-independent activity in multiple GBM cell-lines and cancer stem cells, in vitro. VAL-083 showed promise against CNS-tumors in prior NCI-sponsored clinical trials. We recently concluded a phase I/II clinical trial studying VAL-083 in recurrent GBM after failing temozolomide and bevacizumab, suggesting potential of VAL-083 to offer clinically meaningful survival benefits and a promising new treatment for GBM patients who have failed or are unlikely to respond to currently available chemotherapeutic regimens. In this phase I/II trial, VAL-083, 40 mg/m2/day x 3 every 21 days was well tolerated and was selected for study in subsequent clinical trials in GBM. These trials include i) a pivotal, randomized Phase 3 study measuring survival outcomes compared to “physician’s choice” control, which, if successful, would serve as the basis for a New Drug Application (NDA) submission for VAL-083. The control arm will consist of a limited number of salvage chemotherapies currently utilized in bevacizumab-failed GBM. ii) A non-comparative, biomarker-driven, Phase 2 study to determine if treatment of MGMT-unmethylated recurrent GBM with VAL-083 improves overall survival at 9 months, compared to reported CCNU control in bevacizumab-naïve patients. iii) A single arm Phase 2 study to confirm the tolerability of DelMar’s dosing regimen in combination with radiotherapy and to explore the activity of VAL-083 in newly diagnosed MGMT-unmethylated GBM patients whose tumors are known to express high MGMT-levels. Trial designs and further details will be presented at the meeting. The results of these studies may support a new treatment paradigm in chemotherapeutic regimens for the treatment of GBM.
Tumor Antigen-Specific Immunization of Bone Marrow Transplantation Donors as Adoptive Therapy Against Established Tumor (1995)

Active immunization of normal human bone marrow or T-cell donors with a refined, safe tumor antigen and transfer of immunity to the patient may represent a novel strategy for circumventing the obstacle of host immune suppression associated with the tumor-bearing state.
Epitaxial growth of β-SiC thin films on 6<i>H</i> α-SiC substrates via chemical vapor deposition (1986)

Epitaxial films of cubic β-SiC(111) have been grown via chemical vapor deposition at 1683 K on (0001) substrates of hexagonal 6H α-SiC. Optical microscopy of the surface indicated that a decrease in the ratio of the sum of the C and Si source gases to the H2 carrier gas changed the crystallization behavior from polycrystalline to monocrystalline. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy showed almost no line or planar defects at the substrate/film interface and very few defects within the bulk of the film.
Engineering of the Yeast <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> for the Production of Glycoproteins Lacking the Outer-Chain Mannose Residues of N-Glycans (2007)

In an attempt to engineer a Yarrowia lipolytica strain to produce glycoproteins lacking the outer-chain mannose residues of N-linked oligosaccharides, we investigated the functions of the OCH1 gene encoding a putative alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase in Y. lipolytica. The complementation of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae och1 mutation by the expression of YlOCH1 and the lack of in vitro alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase activity in the Yloch1 null mutant indicated that YlOCH1 is a functional ortholog of S. cerevisiae OCH1. The oligosaccharides assembled on two secretory glycoproteins, the Trichoderma reesei endoglucanase I and the endogenous Y. lipolytica lipase, from the Yloch1 null mutant contained a single predominant species, the core oligosaccharide Man8GlcNAc2, whereas those from the wild-type strain consisted of oligosaccharides with heterogeneous sizes, Man8GlcNAc2 to Man12GlcNAc2. Digestion with alpha-1,2- and alpha-1,6-mannosidase of the oligosaccharides from the wild-type and Yloch1 mutant strains strongly supported the possibility that the Yloch1 mutant strain has a defect in adding the first alpha-1,6-linked mannose to the core oligosaccharide. Taken together, these results indicate that YlOCH1 plays a key role in the outer-chain mannosylation of N-linked oligosaccharides in Y. lipolytica. Therefore, the Yloch1 mutant strain can be used as a host to produce glycoproteins lacking the outer-chain mannoses and further developed for the production of therapeutic glycoproteins containing human-compatible oligosaccharides.
Development of High Purity 2.25Cr-Mo-V-Nb-N Steel for Gas Turbine Disk (1999)

Recently, gas turbine inlet temperature has been raised in order to improve thermal efficiency of power plant. The turbine inlet temperature of 1350°C has already been attained in the newly developed gas turbine. In case of the combined cycle power plant, optimization of compressor pressure ratio corresponding to the increase of turbine inlet temperature is required to improve the thermal efficiency. Development of higher creep strength material for disk, therefore, is needed to actualize higher thermal efficiency gas turbine. Extensive studies, based on previous experience, by using several heats as laboratory scale have been made for the investigation of effects of chemistry and heat treatment on mechanical properties. These laboratory studies indicated that the high purity 2.25Cr-Mo-V-Nb-N steel is suitable to the disks required to the advanced type gas turbine. A trial disk has successfully been manufactured with this steel from 1000 mm dia. electroslag remelting (ESR) ingot. Several evaluation revealed good material properties which meet the requirements of advanced type gas turbine disk, especially in toughness and aging embrittlement redundant. The manufacture of actual disks have successfully been performed. They exhibited satisfactory quality in creep rupture and toughness.
Incomplete transfer of accessory loci influencing <i><scp>S</scp>b<scp>MATE</scp></i> expression underlies genetic background effects for aluminum tolerance in sorghum (2012)

Impaired root development caused by aluminum (Al) toxicity is a major cause of grain yield reduction in crops cultivated on acid soils, which are widespread worldwide. In sorghum, the major Al-tolerance locus, AltSB , is due to the function of SbMATE, which is an Al-activated root citrate transporter. Here we performed a molecular and physiological characterization of various AltSB donors and near-isogenic lines harboring various AltSB alleles. We observed a partial transfer of Al tolerance from the parents to the near-isogenic lines that was consistent across donor alleles, emphasizing the occurrence of strong genetic background effects related to AltSB . This reduction in tolerance was variable, with a 20% reduction being observed when highly Al-tolerant lines were the AltSB donors, and a reduction as great as 70% when other AltSB alleles were introgressed. This reduction in Al tolerance was closely correlated with a reduction in SbMATE expression in near-isogenic lines, suggesting incomplete transfer of loci acting in trans on SbMATE. Nevertheless, AltSB alleles from the highly Al-tolerant sources SC283 and SC566 were found to retain high SbMATE expression, presumably via elements present within or near the AltSB locus, resulting in significant transfer of the Al-tolerance phenotype to the derived near-isogenic lines. Allelic effects could not be explained by coding region polymorphisms, although occasional mutations may affect Al tolerance. Finally, we report on the extensive occurrence of alternative splicing for SbMATE, which may be an important component regulating SbMATE expression in sorghum by means of the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway.