gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Correlation-based color mosaic interpolation using a connectionist approach</title> (2002)

This paper presents a specialized extension of a general correlation-based interpolation paradigm, for interpolating image sample color values obtained through a color filter mosaic. This extension features a kernel determined from a priori assumed image characteristics in the form of pre- defined (as opposed to learned) local sample neighborhood patterns. The interpolation procedure locally convolves the color-filtered image samples with the kernel to obtain the interpolated color values. The kernel establishes a mapping from the color-filtered input values to the recovered color output values using weighted, ordered, and thresholded sums of sample values from the local sample neighborhood. This mapping attempts to exploit local image sample interdependencies in order to preserve detail, while minimizing artifacts. The procedure is simulated for the Bayer RGB color filter mosaic using a quasi-linear connectionist architecture that is real-time-hardware- implementable. A perceptual comparison of images obtained from this interpolation with images obtained from bilinear interpolation shows a visible reduction in interpolation artifacts.
A-Priori Estimation of Computation Times in Fog Networked Robotics (2017)

Mobile robots and drones have limited onboard computation power, which severely restricts mission planning. With the emergence of Fog Computing, computations may be offloaded to robotic peers, smart gateway devices and remote Cloud virtual machines. In order to effectively make use of such resources, a-priori estimation of execution times of offloaded computational programs is necessary. In this paper, we make use of profiling tools to accurately measure execution times of runtime computations on development testbeds. By exploiting performance benchmarks, we estimate the processing times on heterogeneous robot/Fog/Cloud deployment hardware as well as with varying data sizes. This allows us to determine optimal computational offloading strategies with differing computational complexities, data sizes, parallel processing and heterogeneous devices. We demonstrate our approach on multiple image, video and map processing algorithms deployed using OpenCV. Such design time analysis is crucial for mission planning of autonomous networks of robots and drones.
<i>Ab initio</i>simulation of magnetic tunnel junctions (2007)

In this paper, we present the mathematical and implementation details of an ab initio method for calculating spin-polarized quantum transport properties of atomic scale spintronic devices under external bias potential. The method is based on carrying out density functional theory (DFT) within the Keldysh non-equilibrium Green's function (NEGF) formalism to calculate the self-consistent spin densities. We apply this method to investigate nonlinear and non-equilibrium spin-polarized transport in a Fe/MgO/Fe trilayer structure as a function of external bias voltage.
Dense Carbide/Metal Composite Membranes for Hydrogen Separations Without Platinum Group Metals (2011)

Mo2C-coated vanadium composites are presented as an example of a new class of metallic membranes for hydrogen separations. Unlike conventional platinum- group catalysts, Mo2C does not alloy with the bulk metal at temperatures >350 °C, allowing for operation without risk of embrittlement or loss of catalyst activity. Optimal permeabilities approach that of palladium, at a far lower cost.
Controllable Synthesis of Hollow Si Anode for Long‐Cycle‐Life Lithium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

A versatile and surfactant-free method is developed to synthesize hollow Si materials using carbonates as templates without the use of hazardous hydrofluoric acid. The morphology of Si is controllable from hollow cubes, spheres, and tubes, to flowers and other shapes. Such hollow Si materials as anodes of lithium-ion batteries show excellent cyclic performance, which is promising for practical applications.
Fast Incremental Maintenance of Approximate Histograms (1997)

Many commercial database systems maintain histograms to summarize the contents of large relations and permit efficient estimation of query result sizes for use in query optimizers. Delaying the propagation of database updates to the histogram often introduces errors in the estimation. This paper presents new sampling-based approaches for incremental maintenance of approximate histograms. By scheduling updates to the histogram based on the updates to the database, our techniques are the first to maintain histograms effectively up-to-date at all times and avoid computing overheads when unnecessary. Our techniques provide highly-accurate approximate histograms belonging to the equi-depth and Compressed classes. Experimental results show that our new approaches provide orders of magnitude more accurate estimation than previous approaches. An important aspect employed by these new approaches is a backing sample, an up-to-date random sample of the tuples currently in a relation. We provide efficient solutions for maintaining a uniformly random sample of a relation in the presence of updates to the relation. The backing sample techniques can be used for any other application that relies on random samples of data. 1
A new technique for real-time freehand ultrasonic elasticity imaging (2001)

A method for high-speed, freehand ultrasonic elasticity imaging will be described. The method is based on a modified block matching technique. The modification serves two purposes. First, in order to achieve real-time performance a forward prediction mechanism is used to reduce the computational load that a conventional block matching technique requires. Second, in order to accommodate the waveform decorrelation associated with freehand scanning a statistical error detection and correction method was developed. This prevents the displacement estimation errors from propagating to affect a larger area. This new algorithm has been implemented on a Siemens Elegra (a high-end clinical ultrasound imaging system). The initial tests show that the new system can perform B-mode and strain display task at real-time frame rates. The strain images have low noise and excellent contrast. Some results obtained with this system will also be presented. [Support by USAMRAA DAMD17-00-1-0596, NSF BES-9708221, and Siemens Medical Systems is gratefully acknowledged.]
Performance of Cooperative Free Space Optical Communication Systems in Different Channel Environments (2014)

Significant performance improvement in Bit Error Rate (BER) is achieved with cooperative free space optical (FSO) communication using different combining schemes for different channel conditions over Single Input Single Output (SISO) FSO systems.
A high resolution multi-bit incremental converter insensitive to DAC mismatch error (2016)

This paper presents a second order multi-bit incremental analog-to-digital converter with two-phase feedback DAC control logic, insensitive to capacitor mismatches and with enhanced performance in multi-bit implementation. Besides, the proposed technique eliminates the complexity of dynamic element matching and relaxes the Op-amp's settling time. Behavioral simulations show that it can achieve 115.55 dB SNDR at 128 clock cycles using a 7-bit quantizer without dynamic element matching.
UV radiation-triggered rail-gap switches (1984)

A few mJ of KrF excimer laser radiation have been used to initiate multichannel breakdown in a low-inductance gas-insulated rail-gap switch. The switch, which contains two uniform field electrodes, has been operated in a pulse-charged voltage range of 30–130 kV and has demonstrated jitters as low as 100 ps. A very simple trigger device which incorporates the important features of laser triggering but which uses incoherent UV radiation produced in a corona discharge has also resulted in low jitter, multichannel switch performance.
The optical rubidium atomic frequency standard at AFRL (2017)

We present a compact optical frequency standard based on two-photon spectroscopy at 778 nm in a rubidium vapor cell. We demonstrate fractional instability of 3e-13/, √τ/s for timescales up to 10,000 s. Additionally, we describe a secondary system operation in which the short-term stability is improved (though at the expense of the long-term stability) using increased laser power, resulting in 1 s instability <; 1e-13. The system has been designed as an advanced atomic frequency standard for GNSS applications, and is currently being investigated for demonstration on AFRL's Navigation Technology Satellite 3 (NTS-3), an upcoming space flight experiment to middle earth orbit scheduled for launch in 2022.
Melt Blending: A Tool to Simplify Plastic Scintillator Synthesis (2023)

Plastic scintillators are widely used as radiation detection media in homeland security and nuclear physics applications. Their attributes include low cost, scalability to large detector volumes, and additive compounding to enable additional material and detection features, such as pulse shape discrimination (PSD), gamma-ray spectroscopy, aging resistance, and coincidence timing. However, traditional chemically cured plastic scintillators (CCS) require long reaction times, and hazardous wet chemical procedures performed by specially trained personnel, and can leave residual monomer, resulting in deleterious optical and material properties. Here, we synthesize melt blended scintillators (MBSs) in 2.5 days using easily accessible solid-state compounding of commercially-available poly(styrene) with 30–60 wt% fluorene-based compound “P2” to create monolithic detectors with < 100 ppm residual monomer, in several form factors. The best scintillation performance was recorded for 60 wt% P2 in Styron 665, including gamma-ray light yield 139% of EJ- 200 commercial scintillator and PSD figure of merit (FOM) value of 2.65 at 478 keVee, approaching P2 organic glass scintillator (OGS). The capability of MBS to generate fog-resistant scintillators and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based scintillators for use in challenging environments is also demonstrated.
(Pt/Co/Pt)/X MULTILAYER FILMS FOR MAGNETO-OPTIC MEDIA (1995)

We have sputter deposited (Pt/Co/Pt)/X multilayers (MLs) with the thickness of the Pt layers corresponding to one atomic monolayer, i.e., 2.3 Å, and X=Pd,Ag,Cu,Ni. The Kerr rotation, ΘK, perpendicular anisotropy energy, K⊥, and magnetic coercivity, Hc, all improve dramatically in the sputter-deposited (Pt/Co/Pt)/X films over the corresponding Co/X multilayers. In the (Pt/Co/Pt)/Pd case the films show considerable property improvement over both Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayers. When X=Ag,Cu,Ni the increase in K⊥ is approximately ten-fold compared to Co/X MLs and the Kerr rotation is high (∼0.15°-0.3°) and comparable to that of Co/Pt films at short wavelengths.
Endocannabinoids and Their Synthetic Analogs (2008)

The discovery of endogenous cannabinoids has provided a basis for understanding the structural requirements for activation of the two known cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. The endocannabinoids are fatty acid analogs represented by N-arachidonoylethanolamine (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). These endogenous ligands are biosynthesized and deactivated by a number of enzymes and a transporter system, all of which can be modulated by ligands whose structures can encompass the essential endocannabinoid features. For this reason a significant amount of work has sought to develop synthetic ligands structurally related to AEA and 2-AG. These ligands are being used to explore the structural features of the different cannabinergic proteins and have also proven to be valuable pharmacological tools for studying the physiology and biochemistry of the endocannabinoid system.
PCR‐generated conspecific sodium channel gene probe for the house fly (1991)

A segment of the house fly (Musca domestica) homologue of the para (paralytic) sodium channel gene of Drosophila melanogaster was isolated by using mixed sequence oligonucleotide primers in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The specificity of the procedure was demonstrated by genomic Southern analysis using the housefly PCR amplification product as a probe and by DNA sequence analysis. The latter showed structural homology to the para gene, but not to the corresponding region of DSC1, another D. melanogaster gene with structural similarity to vertebrate sodium channel genes.
Soybean Oil Based Fibers Made Without Solvent or Heat (2012)

Thiol-ene chemistry was harnessed to enable production of thermochemically stable thermoset fibers containing 50-87 wt % acrylated epoxidized soybean oil and 49-72% biobased carbon without using solvent or heat. In this demonstration, the fibers were made by simultaneous electrospinning and photocuring of a liquid monomer mixture, which could be translated to other fiber manufacturing processes such as melt blowing or Forcespinning. Scanning electron micrographs illustrate the fiber quality and an average diameter of about 30 μm. Photochemical conversion kinetics of functional groups during light exposure were measured by real-time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, providing insight into the advantages of using high-functionality monomers and thiol-ene chemistry in this application.
The microstructure and technological properties of ultra high strength 1100MPa grade strip steel (2014)

organized by AIM MemorieThe article describes the microstructure and the technological properties of a direct quenched ultrahigh strength strip steel with the minimum specific yield strength of 1100MPa.The microstructure of this low carbon, Mn-Cr-Mo-Cu-Ni alloyed steel consists mainly of auto-tempered lath martensite.Due to the sophisticated thermo-mechanical controlled processing schedule, the martensite transformation takes place from a fine and uniform austenite grain structure.State-of-the-art steelmaking and continuous casting operations guarantee a good inclusion cleanness and low level of segregation.The steel has excellent impact and fracture toughness properties with respect to its ultra-high strength level.The determined transition temperature for 28J in Charpy-V test and fracture toughness characteristic temperature, T 0 , were below -100C.The weldability tests indicated that the impact toughness of the heat affected zone (HAZ) is excellent and there is no significant softening in the HAZ or in the welded joint in the wide range of t 8/5 cooling times.The steel allows crack-free bending with a minimum inside bending radius equal to 3 times material thickness irrespective of the bending direction.In addition, the steel has a good resistance to atmospheric corrosion.
Measuring the nanomechanical properties and surface forces of materials using an atomic force microscope (1989)

An atomic force microscope (AFM) has been configured so that it measures the force between a tip mounted on a cantilever beam and a sample surface as a function of the tip–surface separation. This allows the AFM to study both the nanomechanical properties of the sample and the forces associated with the tip–surface interaction. More specifically, the AFM can measure the elastic and plastic behavior and hardness via nanoindentation, van der Waals forces, and the adhesion of thin-film and bulk materials with unprecedented force and spatial resolution. The force resolution is currently 1 nanonewton, and the depth resolution is 0.02 nm. Additionally, the instrument itself is compact and relatively inexpensive.
Smart Cement (2021)

Over three billion metric tons of cement are produced annually worldwide, making concrete the most extensively used construction material. Self-sensing, or smart, cement allows real-time monitoring of performance through the entire service life of a concrete structure, for the detection of changing stresses, contamination, excessive temperature, gas leaks and pre-seismic activity. This is achieved by adding a very small proportion of conductive or semi-conductive fibers, such as carbon fibers to the bulk cement, making it piezoresistive, and enabling changes in the concrete’s electrical resistivity in response to shear stress and strain to be monitored. This state-of-the-art reference work presents experimental results with a realistic theoretical framework, for cement manufactures, concrete technologists and contractors as well as researchers.
Decoding Techniques for SSR Mode S Signals in High Traffic Environment (2006)

SSR (secondary surveillance radar) exploitation in high traffic environment calls for enhancing surveillance and communication capacity. In the multilateration applications, the use of omni directional (or, anyway, wide beam) antennas and the presence of both SSR Mode S replies and squitter make the superimposition of 1090 MHz signals probable, without mentioning the presence of Modes A/C signals on the same band. These limitations in SSR signal analysis and decoding, can be mitigated by using both classical (i.e. linear) algorithms and by exploiting the super resolution algorithms capability to discriminate signals in the frequency domain. This work summarises the results obtained by the application of both classical and super resolution (i.e. Music, Esprit) algorithms to decode overlapped Mode S replies and squitters acquired in a live environment. Moreover, it is recognized that the main limit for super resolution is represented by the "too high" quality of the on board transponder local oscillator which causes a too small spectral separation between two overlapped signals, and a possible solution is presented for vehicles
Modeling and Control of Active End Effector for the AFM Based Nano Robotic Manipulators (2006)

Nanomanipulation using Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) has been extensively investigated for many years. However, control of tip position during nanomanipulation is still a major issue because of the deformation of the cantilever caused by manipulation force. The softness of the conventional cantilevers also cause the failure of the manipulation of relatively large and sticky nano-object because the tip can easily slip over the nano-object. In this paper, an active atomic force microscopy probe is used to solve these problems by changing the cantilever’s flexibility or rigidity through different control strategies in imaging and manipulation modes respectively. During imaging mode, the active probe is controlled to bend up with respect to the interaction force between the tip and samples, thus making the tip response faster and increase the imaging speed. During manipulation mode, the active probe is controlled to bend down with respect to the interaction force between tip and the samples; thus increasing its nominal rigidity to avoid tip slipping over object. A detailed model of the active probe is presented in this paper and the controller designed based on the proposed active probe model is also implemented on the augmented reality system, which is an AFM based nanomanipulation system with both real-time visual and haptic feedback. The simulation results for the control strategies and the preliminary experimental results for the AFM based nanmomanipulation verified the validity of the model and effectiveness of the controller.
Intranasal Bifidobacterium longum protects against viral-induced lung inflammation and injury in a murine model of lethal influenza infection (2020)

This work has been funded, in part, by a research grant from GlaxoSmithKline, PrecisionBiotics Group Ltd., Swiss National Science Foundation grants (project numbers CRSII3_154488, 310030_144219, 310030_127356 and 310030_144219) and Christine Kühne - Center for Allergy Research and Education (CK-CARE).
Mutational unmasking of a tRNA-dependent pathway for preventing genetic code ambiguity (2006)

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases establish the genetic code by matching each amino acid with its cognate tRNA. Aminoacylation errors lead to genetic code ambiguity and statistical proteins. Some synthetases have editing activities that clear the wrong amino acid (aa) by hydrolysis of either of two substrates: misactivated aminoacyl-adenylates ("pretransfer" of aa to tRNA) or misacylated aa-tRNA ("posttransfer"). Whereas posttransfer editing can be directly measured, pretransfer editing is difficult to demonstrate, because adenylates are inherently labile and transient, and activity occurs against a background of posttransfer editing. Herein, different mutations in Escherichia coli leucyl-tRNA synthetase are combined to unmask the pretransfer pathway. The mutant enzymes completely lack posttransfer editing but prevent misacylations by clearing misactivated adenylates. We hypothesize that these mutations isolate a pretransfer translocation step that moves misactivated adenylates from the activation site for editing. The results highlight how evolution redundantly created two distinct pathways to prevent genetic code ambiguity.
Selecting for lactic acid producing and utilising bacteria in anaerobic enrichment cultures (2019)

Lactic acid producing bacteria are important in many fermentations, such as the production of biobased plastics. Insight in the competitive advantage of lactic acid bacteria over other fermentative bacteria in a mixed culture enables ecology-based process design and can aid the development of sustainable and energy-efficient bioprocesses. Here we demonstrate the enrichment of lactic acid bacteria in a controlled sequencing batch bioreactor environment using a glucose based medium supplemented with peptides and B vitamins. A mineral medium enrichment operated in parallel was dominated by Ethanoligenens species and fermented glucose to acetate, butyrate and hydrogen. The complex medium enrichment was populated by Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Megasphaera species and showed a product spectrum of acetate, ethanol, propionate, butyrate and valerate. An intermediate peak of lactate was observed, showing the simultaneous production and consumption of lactate, which is of concern for lactic acid production purposes. This study underlines that the competitive advantage for lactic acid producing bacteria primarily lies in their ability to attain a high biomass specific uptake rate of glucose, which was two times higher for the complex medium enrichment when compared to the mineral medium enrichment. The competitive advantage of lactic acid production in rich media can be explained using a resource allocation theory for microbial growth processes.
Characterization Of An Eight-Element Time-Division Multiplexed Interferometric Fiber Sensor Array (1989)

We report on the construction and performance of an eight-element time-division multiplexed fiber-optic sensor array. The array, which is based on a transmissive tapped-serial architecture recently developed at our laboratory, utilizes low-coupling-ratio fiber couplers (-1%) to couple light from each sensor element to an output fiber 'bus'. The network exhibits intrinsic optical crosstalk effects which have been fully characterized and compared to theoretical models. Crosstalk figures in the range -25 to -45 dB were experimentally observed, in good agreement with predicted levels of ~-27 to -40 dB.