gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A framework for intraoperative update of 3D deformable models in liver surgery (2008)

Efficient computer assisted surgery dealing with soft tissues remains a complex task. In most cases, the preoperative information such as 3D organ reconstructions and the planning built upon are no longer valid during the surgical process itself due to the deformations of the organ of interest. In this article, we describe the foundation parts of a framework that enables updating preoperative 3D models with intraoperative measurements in case of liver resection. The technique can be summarized as follows. During the planning stage, the discrete skeleton of hepatic veins is created out of the CT-reconstruction. It is used at time of surgery as the core component of an elastic registration between the model and measured points located on vessels centerline. Intraoperative data points are automatically computed from navigated ultrasound images with a real-time segmentation method. Our approach was tested on simulated and real datasets and has demonstrated to be fast and effective.
Quantitative Phase Analysis using the Whole-Powder-Pattern Decomposition Method. I. Solution from Knowledge of Chemical Compositions (1995)

A new procedure for quantitative phase analysis using the whole-powder-pattern decomposition method is proposed. The procedure consists of two steps. In the first, the whole powder patterns of single-component materials are decomposed separately. The refined parameters of integrated intensity, unit cell and profile shape for respective phases are stored in computer data files. In the second step, the whole powder pattern of a mixture sample is fitted, where the parameters refined in the previous step are used to calculate the profile intensity. The integrated intensity parameters are, however, not varied during the least-squares fitting, while the scale factors for the profile intensities of individual phases are adjusted instead. Weight fractions are obtained by solving simultaneous equations, coefficients of which include the scale factors and the mass-absorption coefficients calculated from chemical formulas of respective phases. The procedure can be applied to all mixture samples, including those containing an amorphous material, if single-component samples with known chemical compositions and their approximate unit-cell parameters are provided. The procedure has been tested by using two- to five-component samples, giving average deviations of 1 to 1.5%. Optimum refinement conditions are discussed in connection with the accuracy of the procedure.
Early stages of the heteroepitactic growth of hematite on (0001) Al2O3 by transmission electron microscopy (1989)

A new method for studying the early stages of the growth of oxide epilayers by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is described. The technique uses well-characterized, single-crystal TEM foils as substrates for the deposition process. In the present study, chemical vapor deposition was used to form small islands (50–300 nm) of α-Fe2O3 on (0001) oriented Al2O3 thin-foil substrates. The preferential nucleation of islands at surface steps on the alumina is clearly demonstrated. Selected area diffraction and moiré fringe pattern analysis are used to show the epitactic nature of the growth and to study the island morphology.
Adaptive Frequency Neural Networks For Dynamic Pulse And Metre Perception. (2016)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
STUDY OF THE MINIMUM SPOUTING VELOCITY IN A DRAFT TUBE CONICAL SPOUTED BED (2010)

A study has been carried out on the hydrodynamics of conical spouted beds with a non-porous draft-tube. A hydrodynamic correlation has been proposed for calculating the minimum spouting velocity as a function of dimensionless moduli that take into account geometric factors, particle characteristics and operating conditions. A statistical analysis of the data obtained following a design of experiments shows that the inlet diameter, particle diameter and the height of the entrainment zone are the parameter of greater influence on the minimum spouting velocity.
Dimensional Effects on Magnetic Properties of Fe&#x2013;Si Steels Due to Laser and Mechanical Cutting (2010)

Microstructural deterioration near the cut line and presence of residual stresses both affect the magnetic properties of cut parts. In this paper, the differences between microstructural deterioration resulting from mechanical and laser cutting as well as the sample size effects observed upon hysteresis will be discussed. It will be shown that the underlying mechanism for changes in magnetic properties due to mechanical cutting is distinct from that of laser cutting.
High-speed DIMM-in-a-Package (DIAP) memory module (2013)

We presented a highly integrated quad-die memory module design using face-down wire bond assembly technology for DDR operations up to 2400 MT/s. We performed peak distortion analysis of the point-to-point DQ and fly-by Command/Address (C/A) memory buses with up to 9 aggressors on the DIAP memory module mounted on a Type-3 motherboard. We also discussed the tradeoffs when designing the package for better electrical performance and lower manufacturing cost.
Angle- and Energy-Resolved Plasmon Coupling in Gold Nanorod Dimers (2010)

The plasmon coupling in the dimers of Au nanorods linked together at their ends with dithiol molecules has been studied. The plasmon coupling in the dimers composed of similarly sized nanorods gives antibonding and bonding plasmon modes. The plasmon wavelengths of the two modes have been found to remain approximately unchanged, with the scattering intensity ratio between the antibonding and bonding modes decaying rapidly as the angle between the nanorods is increased. This plasmon coupling behavior agrees with that obtained from both electrodynamic calculations and modeling on the basis of the dipole-dipole interaction. The electric field in the gap region is largely enhanced for the bonding mode, while that for the antibonding mode is even smaller than the far field, highlighting the importance of selecting appropriate plasmon modes for plasmon-enhanced spectroscopies. An anti-crossing-like behavior in the plasmon coupling energy diagram has further been revealed for linearly end-to-end assembled dimers composed of differently sized nanorods. This result will be useful for plasmonic applications where the plasmon wavelength is required to be controllable but without sacrificing the electric field enhancement.
ELDERLY PATIENTS KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES REGARDING INFLUENZA VACCINATION IN BEKAA (2020)

Elderly are among the main targets of influenza which is a common preventable infectious disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. The most cost-effective measure to prevent influenza is Vaccination, yet the vaccine uptake is known to be low. In Lebanon, there are no national surveillance programs or awareness campaigns for influenza in the country. There is a lack in the Data of the uptake of the influenza vaccine knowledge and attitudes of the Lebanese population towards. Aim: This study aims to assess the impact of educational program implementation on recognizing of influenza and adhering to vaccination. Method: Pre-Posttest research design was implemented in the study; 125 elderly patients aged 65 and above participated in the study. Setting: the study was conducted at two main Hospitals and one outpatient center in central Bekaa between April and March 2019. Results: A total of 125 completed the questioners. The results of this study revealed that there is a clear lack of knowledge about influenza common symptoms and its treatment. 87.6% thought it is appropriate to take antibiotics for influenza. Knowledge regarding the seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness and side effects was poor. Undermining the effect of influenza and misconceptions on the effectivity of the vaccine is among the main reasons for not receiving the influenza vaccination. There was a clear significant improvement of knowledge and believes changes post educational intervention knowledge among elderly patients. Conclusion: Educational intervention on seasonal Influenza and its vaccination significantly increase the level of knowledge, believes, and positive attitudes regarding influenza and the value of vaccination. Undermining the effect of influenza and misconceptions on the effectiveness of the vaccine could much be improved by increasing awareness and knowledge.
A low-g electrostatically actuated resonant switch (2012)

This work investigates a new concept of an electrostatically actuated resonant switch (EARS) for earthquake detection and low-g seismic applications. The resonator is designed to operate close to the instability bands of frequency–response curves, where it is forced to collapse dynamically (pull-in) if operated within these bands. By careful tuning, the resonator can be made to enter the pull-in instability zone upon the detection of the earthquake signal, thereby snapping down as an electric switch. Such a switching action can be functionalized for alarming purposes or can be used to activate a network of sensors for seismic activity recording. The EARS is modeled and its dynamic response is simulated using a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom model. Experimental investigation is conducted demonstrating the EARS' capability of being triggered at small levels of acceleration as low as 0.02g. Results for the switching events for several levels of low-g accelerations using both theory and experiments are presented and compared.
Neurogenic Switching: A Hypothesis for a Mechanism for Shifting the Site of Inflammation in Allergy and Chemical Sensitivity (1995)

Neurogenic switching is proposed as a hypothesis for a mechanism by which a stimulus at one site can lead to inflammation at a distant site. Neurogenic inflammation occurs when substance P and other neuropeptides released from sensory neurons produce an inflammatory response, whereas immunogenic inflammation results from the binding of antigen to antibody or leukocyte receptors. There is a crossover mechanism between these two forms of inflammation. Neurogenic switching is proposed to result when a sensory impulse from a site of activation is rerouted via the central nervous system to a distant location to produce neurogenic inflammation at the second location. Neurogenic switching is a possible explanation for systemic anaphylaxis, in which inoculation of the skin or gut with antigen produces systemic symptoms involving the respiratory and circulatory systems, and an experimental model of anaphylaxis is consistent with this hypothesis. Food-allergy-iducing asthma, urticaria, arthritis, and fibromyalgia are other possible examples of neurogenic switching. Neurogenic switching provides a mechanism to explain how allergens, infectious agents, irritants, and possibly emotional stress can exacerbate conditions such as migraine, asthma, and arthritis. Because neurogenic inflammation is known to be triggered by chemical exposures, it may play a role in the sick building syndrome and the multiple chemical sensitivity syndrome. Thus neurogenic switching would explain how the respiratory irritants lead to symptoms at other sites in these disorders.
Failure mechanisms of fiber optic sensors placed in composite materials (2005)

This paper provides an overview of considerations associated with placement and operation of fiber optic sensors placed in composite materials. Issues that are discussed include coatings placed on optical fibers and their relationship to the composite structure, orientation of optical fibers in the composite parts, methods of providing strain relief, and terminations. Examples are given associated with a series of examples from aerospace and civil structure applications.
Designing organometallic compounds for catalysis and therapy (2012)

Bioorganometallic chemistry is a rapidly developing area of research. In recent years organometallic compounds have provided a rich platform for the design of effective catalysts, e.g. for olefin metathesis and transfer hydrogenation. Electronic and steric effects are used to control both the thermodynamics and kinetics of ligand substitution and redox reactions of metal ions, especially Ru(II). Can similar features be incorporated into the design of targeted organometallic drugs? Such complexes offer potential for novel mechanisms of drug action through incorporation of outer-sphere recognition of targets and controlled activation features based on ligand substitution as well as metal- and ligand-based redox processes. We focus here on η(6)-arene, η(5)-cyclopentadienyl sandwich and half-sandwich complexes of Fe(II), Ru(II), Os(II) and Ir(III) with promising activity towards cancer, malaria, and other conditions.
HDL counterbalance the proinflammatory effect of oxidized LDL by inhibiting intracellular reactive oxygen species rise, proteasome activation, and subsequent NF‐κB activation in smooth muscle cells (2003)

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) exhibit proinflammatory properties and play a role in atherosclerosis plaque formation, rupture, and subsequent thrombosis. OxLDL alter the activity of the transcription factor NF-kappaB that is involved in the expression of immune and inflammatory genes. In contrast, high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are anti-atherogenic and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. This work aimed to investigate how oxLDL activate NF-kappaB and whether and how HDL may prevent NF-kappaB activation. In cultured rabbit smooth muscle cells, mitogenic concentrations of mildly oxLDL trigger a rapid and transient NF-kappaB activation, which is strongly inhibited by HDL. Growth factors, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, and sphingosine kinase pathways are not implicated in the oxLDL-induced NF-kappaB activation and are not targets of HDL. OxLDL induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and proteasome activation, which are implicated in NF-kappaB activation, as suggested by the inhibitory effect of the antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate and the proteasome inhibitor PSI. HDL were able to prevent the intracellular ROS rise triggered by oxLDL or H2O2, thereby inhibiting the subsequent proteasome activation, IkappaB degradation, and NF-kappaB activation. In conclusion, the oxLDL-induced NF-kappaB activation involves ROS generation and proteasome activation, both events being inhibited by HDL. This 'antioxidant' and potentially anti-inflammatory effect of HDL may participate in their general anti-atherogenic properties.
Burn-in elimination of a high volume microprocessor using I/sub DDQ/ (2002)

For many years at this conference and others, I/sup DDQ/ has been a subject of much controversy involving its ability to enhance production test. While standard industry methods such as stuck-at functional testing and scan based testing are largely accepted by the global test community, I/sub DDQ/ testing continues to spark debate in the industry. This paper shows that I/sub DDQ/ testing is not only beneficial to production test, but also enabled the i960/sup R/JX Microprocessor to ZOBI the standard production flow. ZOBI is an internal Intel term meaning 'Zero Hour Burn In' which will be explained further in a later section. This paper details the methodology employed for I/sub DDQ/ vector selection, tester manipulation, program flow, limits selection, and production qualification. The effect of I/sub DDQ/ on burn-in elimination and outgoing quality is demonstrated.
Differences in Early Childhood Risk Factors for Juvenile-Onset and Adult-Onset Depression (2002)

Heterogeneity within groups of psychiatric patients poses problems for theory, research, and treatment. The present study illustrates that the distinction between juvenile vs adult-onset MDD is important for understanding heterogeneity within depression.
The Endoplasmic Reticulum Provides the Membrane Platform for Biogenesis of the Flavivirus Replication Complex (2010)

The cytoplasmic replication of positive-sense RNA viruses is associated with a dramatic rearrangement of host cellular membranes. These virus-induced changes result in the induction of vesicular structures that envelop the virus replication complex (RC). In this study, we have extended our previous observations on the intracellular location of West Nile virus strain Kunjin virus (WNV(KUN)) to show that the virus-induced recruitment of host proteins and membrane appears to occur at a pre-Golgi step. To visualize the WNV(KUN) replication complex, we performed three-dimensional (3D) modeling on tomograms from WNV(KUN) replicon-transfected cells. These analyses have provided a 3D representation of the replication complex, revealing the open access of the replication complex with the cytoplasm and the fluidity of the complex to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, we provide data that indicate that a majority of the viral RNA species housed within the RC is in a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) form.
The case for a location metasystem (2009)

Microsoft has proposed an identity metasystem to standardize identity services and the principles behind them. A location metasystem can support interoperation between location services, protect users' privacy and handle issues of granularity. The simple OAuth protocol may be a good model for working towards a location metasystem.
Geometry Optimization of Porous Electrode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2020)

We report a method to optimize the topology of porous electrodes without a prior assumption of the pattern. We take a two-dimensional NMC-Li cell as an example. The domain of NMC is discretized by a 5×5 mesh and the solid volume fraction is represented by 25 nodal variables. We use a deep-learning-boosted optimization algorithm to find the optimal material distribution that gives the maximum specific energy. The method produces an electrode pattern with 18% higher specific energy than that of a uniform electrode. This generic geometry optimization approach provides a powerful tool for the design and optimization of porous electrodes.
Learning better while sending less: Communication-efficient online semi-supervised learning in client-server settings (2015)

We consider a novel distributed learning problem: A server receives potentially unlimited data from clients in a sequential manner, but only a small initial fraction of these data are labeled. Because communication bandwidth is expensive, each client is limited to sending the server only a small (high-priority) fraction of the unlabeled data it generates, and the server is limited in the amount of prioritization hints it sends back to the client. The goal is for the server to learn a good model of all the client data from the labeled and unlabeled data it receives. This setting is frequently encountered in real-world applications and has the characteristics of online, semi-supervised, and active learning. However, previous approaches are not designed for the client-server setting and do not hold the promise of reducing communication costs. We present a novel framework for solving this learning problem in an effective and communication-efficient manner. On the server side, our solution combines two diverse learners working collaboratively, yet in distinct roles, on the partially labeled data stream. A compact, online graph-based semi-supervised learner is used to predict labels for the unlabeled data arriving from the clients. Samples from this model are used as ongoing training for a linear classifier. On the client side, our solution prioritizes data based on an active-learning metric that favors instances that are close to the classifier's decision hyperplane and yet far from each other. To reduce communication, the server sends the classifier's weight-vector to the client only periodically. Experimental results on real-world data sets show that this particular combination of techniques outperforms other approaches, and in particular, often outperforms (communication expensive) approaches that send all the data to the server.
Subcellular localization of GABA<sub>B</sub> receptor subunits in rat globus pallidus (2004)

The inhibitory amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major neurotransmitter in the globus pallidus. Although electrophysiological studies have indicated that functional GABA(B) receptors exist in rat globus pallidus, the subcellular localization of GABA(B) receptor subunits and their spatial relationship to glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses are unknown. Here, we use pre-embedding immunogold labeling to study the subcellular localization of GABA(B) receptor subunits, GABA(B1) and GABA(B2), in globus pallidus neurons and identified populations of afferent terminals. Immunolabeling for GABA(B1) and GABA(B2) was observed throughout the globus pallidus, with GABA(B1) more strongly expressed in perikarya and GABA(B2) mainly expressed in the neuropil. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that the majority of GABA(B1) labeling was localized within the cytoplasm, whereas most of GABA(B2) labeling was associated with the plasma membrane. At the subcellular level, both the GABA(B1) and GABA(B2) immunogold labeling was localized at pre- and postsynaptic sites. At asymmetric, putative excitatory, synapses, GABA(B1) and GABA(B2) immunogold labeling was found at perisynaptic sites of both pre- and postsynaptic specializations. Double immunolabeling, using the vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGLUT2), revealed the glutamatergic nature of most immunogold-labeled asymmetric synapses. At symmetric, putative GABAergic, synapses, including those formed by anterogradely labeled striatopallidal terminals, GABA(B1) and GABA(B2) immunogold labeling was found in the main body of both pre- and postsynaptic specializations. These results demonstrate the existence of presynaptic GABA(B) auto- and heteroreceptors and postsynaptic GABA(B) receptors, which may be involved in modulating synaptic transmission in the globus pallidus.
A Two-Step, One-Pot, and Multigram-Scale Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Difluoromethylthiophthalimide (2017)

A new method for the 100 g scale synthesis of N-difluoromethylthiophthalimide 1 from cheap commodity chemical benzyl mercaptan and HCF2Cl or other difluorocarbene precursors was described. Reagent 1 is an excellent electrophilic difluoromethylthiolating reagent as demonstrated by the gram-scale synthesis of five difluoromethylthiolated derivatives of structurally complicated drug-like molecules and natural products.
Optimal Message Bundling with Delay and Synchronization Constraints in Wireless Sensor Networks (2019)

Message bundling is an effective way to reduce the energy consumption for message transmissions in wireless sensor networks. However, bundling more messages could increase both end-to-end delay and message transmission interval; the former needs to be maintained within a certain value for time-sensitive applications like environmental monitoring, while the latter affects time synchronization accuracy when the bundling includes synchronization messages as well. Taking as an example a novel time synchronization scheme recently proposed for energy efficiency, we propose an optimal message bundling approach to reduce the message transmissions while maintaining the user-defined requirements on end-to-end delay and time synchronization accuracy. Through translating the objective of joint maintenance to an integer linear programming problem, we compute a set of optimal bundling numbers for the sensor nodes to constrain their link-level delays, thereby achieve and maintain the required end-to-end delay and synchronization accuracy while the message transmission is minimized.