gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ecologically valid long-term mood monitoring of individuals with bipolar disorder using speech (2014)

Speech patterns are modulated by the emotional and neurophysiological state of the speaker. There exists a growing body of work that computationally examines this modulation in patients suffering from depression, autism, and post-traumatic stress disorder. However, the majority of the work in this area focuses on the analysis of structured speech collected in controlled environments. Here we expand on the existing literature by examining bipolar disorder (BP). BP is characterized by mood transitions, varying from a healthy euthymic state to states characterized by mania or depression. The speech patterns associated with these mood states provide a unique opportunity to study the modulations characteristic of mood variation. We describe methodology to collect unstructured speech continuously and unobtrusively via the recording of day-to-day cellular phone conversations. Our pilot investigation suggests that manic and depressive mood states can be recognized from this speech data, providing new insight into the feasibility of unobtrusive, unstructured, and continuous speech-based wellness monitoring for individuals with BP.
Catalytic lateral flow immunoassays (cLFIA™): Amplified signal in a self-contained assay format (2020)

Lateral-flow immunoassays (LFIAs) are a widely used point-of-care technology because they are simple to perform and easy to read. LFIAs typically use colloidal gold or colored latex beads, however the sensitivity of LFIAs is ultimately limited by the label's extinction coefficients as enough material must be localized to be observed. Greater sensitivity requires visualization of fewer labels and herein we substitute palladium nanoparticles as a catalyst to produce a stable, blue indamine dye that precipitates at the capture line. We term our system cLFIA™ for catalytic LFIAs. The catalytic chemistry requires that three chemicals react with the palladium, and we have incorporate all three elements onto the cLFIA™ in the chemistry release fiber (CRF). With the CRF, cLFIA™ strips operate exactly as traditional LFIA strips, requiring no additional steps from the user, however the resulting lines are blue not red and provide much greater sensitivity. The all-in-one nature of cLFIA™ assays and the nature of the Pd conjugates we utilize sets this technology apart from other approaches that enhance LFIA sensitivity. We demonstrate that 2 nm Pd nanoparticles have a 40× catalytic advantage over 50 nm Pd-coated nanoparticles for our dye system. Our dye system is more robust than common peroxidase dyes (TMB), providing 8× signal and at a fast rate. Lastly, we demonstrate that the cLFIA™ approach is 1000× more sensitivity for detection of human chorionic gonadotropin than commercial pregnancy assays. The preparation of the palladium catalyst, the dye chemistry, and their facile use in cLFIA™ assays are described.
Voice signal coding system (1995)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Joji Kane, Akira Nohara; Voice signal coding system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 February 1995; 97 (2): 1364. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.412151 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Supersonic Natural-Laminar-Flow Wing-Design Concept at High-Reynolds-Number Conditions (2014)

This paper describes an effective method to create a new ideal pressure distribution for designing a three-dimensional natural-laminar-flow wing at high-Reynolds-number conditions to reduce friction drag of a large-size supersonic transport with 300 passengers. This ideal pressure distribution consists of a useful functional form with parameters that are adjusted to be widely applicable to general wing planforms. Furthermore, this research proposes an improvement to the design flow of a conventional computational-fluid-dynamics-based inverse design method developed previously by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency for a natural-laminar-flow wing design. An idealized pressure distribution and its validity to achieve approximately 35% laminar flow region of the wing surface on a cranked arrow type planform are presented at the condition of Mach 2.0 and high Reynolds number of approximately 126 million based on mean aerodynamic chord. A representative cross-sectional shape of the designed wing is introduced as an example, and it is shown that a distinguishing feature is characterized by a smaller curvature near the attachment line. A further ideal pressure distribution for an Ogee-type planform with swept angle varied continuously in spanwise direction is then created as a test case for more complicated planforms.
Separation of Biomolecules using Dielectrophoretic chromatography (1999)

Dielectrophoresis (DEP) refers to the motion of particles that results from the interaction between a non-uniform external field and the induced dipole moment. Under an extremely high field-gradient created in microfabricated electrode systems, objects with molecular dimensions, such as DNA, can be attracted and trapped. Since the DEP force is stronger for large objects, biomolecules can be separated by the difference in their molecular size. In this paper, the electric field-flow separator, which we call DEP chromatography, is developed and tested. The device consists of a microelectrode array for dielectrophoretic trapping of biomolecules, which is covered by a lid having a microfabricated fluid passage. Water solutions of λ-DNA (48.5kbp) and an oligonucleotide (22 nucleotides) are fed to the device, separately or as a mixture. Under the field strength of 1MV/m at IMHz, λ-DNA is collected onto the electrode array, while the oligonucleotide is not, thus enabling the separation between λ-DNA and the oligonucleotide. During the experiment, dependence of the DEP collection on the molecular concentration is observed. The interpretation for this phenomenon is the aggregate formation at high molecular concentrations due to the attractive force between induced dipole moments on the molecules.
High-voltage (600 to 3 kV) silicon carbide diode development (2002)

The design, fabrication and testing of silicon carbide rectifiers are examined. Both Schottky (600 V to 1 kV) and junction barrier Schottky (JBS) (1 kV to 3 kV) diodes are investigated in terms of practical design, manufacturing and cost issues. Emphases on material quality and edge termination techniques for large scaleable devices are discussed. Using high quality epitaxial layers and both implanted guard ring, and implanted single-zone junction termination extension (JTE) edge termination techniques, 1 kV Schottky and 2.5 kV JBS diodes are demonstrated.
Possible Transition of Fullerene-containing Nematic Liquid Crystal to Smectic Phase (2005)

ABSTRACT Self-organization in liquid crystal compounds based on the charge-transfer complexes between an organic donor and a fullerene has been first investigated. The switch-on time of 50 μs has been obtained. The results are discussed from the viewpoint of the transition from the nematic phase to the smectic one, which is caused by a complex formation.
Real-time tumor tracking using sequential kV imaging combined with respiratory monitoring: a general framework applicable to commonly used IGRT systems (2010)

Clinical image guided radiotherapy (IGRT) systems have kV imagers and respiratory monitors, the combination of which provides an 'internal-external' correlation for respiratory-induced tumor motion tracking. We developed a general framework of correlation-based position estimation that is applicable to various imaging configurations, particularly alternate stereoscopic (ExacTrac) or rotational monoscopic (linacs) imaging, where instant 3D target positions cannot be measured. By reformulating the least-squares estimation equation for the correlation model, the necessity to measure 3D target positions from synchronous stereoscopic images can be avoided. The performance of this sequential image-based estimation was evaluated in comparison with a synchronous image-based estimation. Both methods were tested in simulation studies using 160 abdominal/thoracic tumor trajectories and an external respiratory signal dataset. The sequential image-based estimation method (1) had mean 3D errors less than 1 mm at all the imaging intervals studied (0.2, 1, 2, 5 and 10 s), (2) showed minimal dependencies of the accuracy on the geometry and (3) was equal in accuracy to the synchronous image-based estimation method when using the same image input. In conclusion, the sequential image-based estimation method can achieve sub-mm accuracy for commonly used IGRT systems, and is equally accurate and more broadly applicable than the synchronous image-based estimation method.
Biological/medical pulsed electric field treatments (2000)

The application of electric fields to a medium, which contains biological cells, causes build-up of charges at the cell membrane, and consequently a change in the transmembrane potential of cells. For low electric fields, this causes voltage-gating, the voltage-induced opening of channels in the cell membrane. With increasing electric field, at transmembrane voltages on the order of 1 V, the cell membrane becomes permeable, an effect called electroporation. It is reversible for moderate electric fields (kV/cm) and pulse duration of microseconds to milliseconds. At higher fields and/or longer pulse durations the cells will be lysed. Applications of these outer membrane effects are biofouling prevention, medical applications such as electroporative delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs into tumor cells, gene therapy, transdermal drug delivery and bacterial decontamination of drinking water and liquid food. A new type of field-cell interaction, "intracellular electromanipulation" by means of submicrosecond electrical pulses at electric fields exceeding 50 kV/cm has been recently added to known cellular bioelectric effects. The bioelectric technique, which is based on high frequency field-cell interactions, extends electroporation of the outer cell membrane to subcellular structures.
Comparison of major biocontrol strains of non-aflatoxigenic <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> for the reduction of aflatoxins and cyclopiazonic acid in maize (2011)

Biological control of toxigenic Aspergillus flavus in maize through competitive displacement by non-aflatoxigenic strains was evaluated in a series of field studies. Four sets of experiments were conducted between 2007 and 2009 to assess the competitiveness of non-aflatoxigenic strains when challenged against toxigenic strains using a pin-bar inoculation technique. In three sets of experiments the non-aflatoxigenic strain K49 effectively displaced toxigenic strains at various concentrations or combinations. The fourth study compared the relative competitiveness of three non-aflatoxigenic strains (K49, NRRL 21882 from Afla-Guard®, and AF36) when challenged on maize against two aflatoxin- and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA)-producing strains (K54 and F3W4). These studies indicate that K49 and NRRL 21882 are superior to AF36 in reducing total aflatoxin contamination. Neither K49 nor NRRL 21882 produce CPA and when challenged with K54 and F3W4, CPA and aflatoxins were reduced by 84-97% and 83-98%, respectively. In contrast, AF36 reduced aflatoxins by 20% with F3W4 and 93% with K54 and showed no reduction in CPA with F3W4 and only a 62% reduction in CPA with K54. Because AF36 produces CPA, high levels of CPA accumulate when maize is inoculated with AF36 alone or in combination with F3W4 or K54. These results indicate that K49 may be equally effective as NRRL 21882 in reducing both aflatoxins and CPA in maize.
Detecting cognitive activity related hemodynamic signal for brain computer interface using functional near infrared spectroscopy (2007)

The ideal non-invasive brain computer interface (BCI) transforms signals originating from human brain into commands that can control devices and applications. Hence, BCI provides a way for brain output that does not involve neuromuscular system. This represents an advantage for those individuals suffering from neuromuscular impairments such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or various types of paralysis. In this study we propose to design a new noninvasive BCI that is based on optical means to measure brain activity by monitoring hemodynamic response. The proposed system uses functional near infrared (fNIR) spectroscopy to detect cognitive activity from prefrontal cortex elicited voluntarily by performing a mental task namely N-back test. Our findings indicate that fNIR signal correlates with cognitive tasks associated with working memory. These experimental outcomes compare favorably with previous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and complement electroencephalogram (EEG) findings. Since fNIR can be implemented in the form of a wearable and minimally intrusive device, it also has the capacity to monitor brain activity under real life conditions in everyday environments leading the way to potential applications of fNIR in BCI development for communication and entertainment purposes.
A theoretical treatment of two approaches to SBS mitigation with two-tone amplification (2008)

A technique that employs two seed signals for the purpose of mitigating stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effects in narrow-linewidth Yb-doped fiber amplifiers is investigated theoretically by constructing a self-consistent model that incorporates the laser gain, SBS, and four-wave mixing (FWM). The model reduces to solving a two-point boundary problem consisting of an 8x8 system of coupled nonlinear differential equations. Optimal operating conditions are determined by examining the interplay between the wavelength separation and power ratio of the two seeds. Two variants of this 'two-tone' amplification are considered. In one case the wavelength separation is precisely twice the Brillouin shift, while the other case considers a greater wavelength separation. For the former case, a two-fold increase in total output power over a broad range of seed power ratios centered about a ratio of approximately 2 is obtained, but with fairly large FWM. For the latter case, this model predicts an approximately 100% increase in output power (at SBS threshold with no signs of FWM) for a 'two-tone' amplifier with seed signals at 1064nm and 1068nm, compared to a conventional fiber amplifier with a single 1068nm seed. More significantly for this case, it is found that at a wavelength separation greater than 10nm, it is possible to appreciably enhance the power output of one of the laser frequencies.
Gene amplification system based on double rolling-circle replication as a model for oncogene-type amplification (2011)

Gene amplification contributes to a variety of biological phenomena, including malignant progression and drug resistance. However, details of the molecular mechanisms remain to be determined. Here, we have developed a gene amplification system in yeast and mammalian cells that is based on double rolling-circle replication (DRCR). Cre-lox system is used to efficiently induce DRCR utilizing a recombinational process coupled with replication. This system shows distinctive features seen in amplification of oncogenes and drug-resistance genes: (i) intra- and extrachromosomal amplification, (ii) intensive chromosome rearrangement and (iii) scattered-type amplification resembling those seen in cancer cells. This system can serve as a model for amplification of oncogenes and drug-resistance genes, and improve amplification systems used for making pharmaceutical proteins in mammalian cells.
Potential Therapeutic Approaches to the Treatment or Prevention of Diabetic Neuropathy: Evidence from Experimental Studies (1993)

Recent investigations using experimental models of diabetes mellitus have emphasized the importance of impaired blood flow for the development of nerve dysfunction. Other observations suggest that this may also be the case for patients. A number of studies have revealed that several types of vasodilators can prevent or successfully treat early conduction abnormalities in diabetic rodents. These include alpha 1-adrenoreceptor antagonists, calcium channel blockers, agents that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system, and vasomodulator prostanoids. Other treatments applied to animal models, such as omega-6 essential fatty acids, aldose reductase inhibitors, aminoguanidine which prevents the formation of advanced glycation end-products, and anti-oxidants all appear to have vascular-related effects that lead to improvements in nerve conduction. These findings suggest that endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress could be important factors in the aetiology of diabetic neuropathy. Studies have also focused on deficits in axon growth and regeneration, their relation to impaired neuronal synthesis and transport of growth-related chemicals, and neuronotrophic abnormalities. Taken together, the data give rise to the notion that an optimal therapeutic strategy could consist of improving the microenvironment of damaged nerve fibres by manipulating nerve blood flow while concurrently encouraging repair with trophic agents.
Aryl Phosphate Derivatives of Bromo-Methoxy-Azidothymidine Are Dual-Function Spermicides with Potent Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1998)

Detergent-based vaginal microbicides, in addition to their high contraceptive failure rates, cause mucosal erosion and local inflammation that might increase the risk of heterosexual human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. In a systematic effort to identify a microbicide contraceptive potentially capable of preventing the sexual transmission of HIV as well as providing fertility control, a series of novel aryl phosphate derivatives of 5-bromo-6-methoxy-3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT; zidovudine) were synthesized and examined for dual anti-HIV and sperm-immobilizing activity (SIA). Whereas AZT displayed potent anti-HIV activity (IC50 = 0.006 microM) but lacked SIA (EC50 > 300 microM), two 5-bromo-6-methoxy-aryl phosphate derivatives of AZT, compounds WHI-05 and WHI-07, exhibited potent anti-HIV activity as well as SIA. The IC50 (HIV) and EC50 (SIA) values for WHI-07 were 439-fold and 13.5-fold lower, respectively, than those for the detergent-based virucidal spermicide, nonoxynol-9 (N-9). Sperm motion kinematics using computer-assisted sperm motion analysis combined with confocal laser scanning microscopy, high-resolution low-voltage scanning, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that both WHI-05 and WHI-07 cause a complete and irreversible loss of sperm motility in a concentration- and time-dependent fashion without concomitantly affecting the sperm acrosomal membrane integrity. In experiments designed to assess the fertilizing capacity of treated sperm, preincubation of sperm with either compound resulted in a concentration-dependent loss of the ability to adhere to and penetrate zona-free hamster eggs as well as inhibition of binding to human zona. WHI-07 applied intravaginally prior to artificial insemination of epididymal sperm drastically reduced fertility in hormonally primed CD-1 mice. Unlike the intravaginal application of N-9, repetitive intravaginal application of WHI-07 did not damage the vaginal epithelium or cause local inflammation. Structure-function relationship analyses showed that the addition of bromo-methoxy functional groups to AZT was essential for, and the aryl phosphate derivatization contributory to, the SIA of both compounds. Compounds WHI-05 and WHI-07 may be useful as dual-function vaginal contraceptives for women who are at high risk for acquiring HIV/acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome by heterosexual vaginal transmission.
Binding of deferoxamine to asbestos fibers <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (1988)

We studied the binding of tritium-labeled deferoxamine, a strong iron chelator, to crocidolite asbestos fibers in vitro and in vivo. In aqueous suspension of asbestos, deferoxamine binding was rapid and strong, suggesting specific binding to iron. For the in vivo experiments, diffusion chambers containing native asbestos fibers or deferoxamine-washed asbestos were implanted in the peritoneal cavities of mice. Five days after parenteral injection of tritiated deferoxamine chambers were removed and the asbestos counted. More than twice as much label (2206 +/- 348 c.p.m./100 mg asbestos) was bound to the native asbestos as compared to the deferoxamine-washed asbestos (1080 +/- 201 c.p.m./100 mg asbestos), suggesting specific binding in vivo. Since deferoxamine can inhibit asbestos toxicity in vitro, these experiments suggest the feasibility of testing whether deferoxamine can prevent asbestos-related disease in vivo.
Resource management in large-scale data stream recording architectures (2005)

Presently, digital continuous media (CM) are well established as an integral part of many applications. In recent years, a considerable amount of research has focused on the efficient retrieval of such media. Scant attention has been paid to servers that can record such streams in real time. However, more and more devices produce direct digital output streams. Hence, the need arises to capture and store these streams with a unified data stream recording architecture that can handle both recording and playback of many streams simultaneously and provide a central repository for all data. 
This dissertation describes a taxonomy of techniques to effectively utilize the memory and disk bandwidth resources in a large scale data stream recording architecture, HYDRA. The first technique we proposed is a novel statistical admission control algorithm called TRAC based on a comprehensive three random variable (3RV) model to support both reading and writing of multiple variable bit rate media streams on current generation disk drives. Our results demonstrate that TRAC accurately predicts the I/O bandwidth utilization of actual disk device. Second, Packet-to-Block aggregation is another important component in HYDRA. We propose two different approaches, sequential aggregation (BLR) and random aggregation (PLR). Our results shows that both PLR and BLR can provide very good long term load balancing in terms of the average disk I/O workload for each disk. However, for short term load balancing, PLR outperforms BLR in terms of the global standard deviation of the disk I/O workloads for all the disks by utilizing more memory. Finally, in order to effectively utilize the available memory resources, we propose a resource management framework that has two parts: (1) a dynamic memory allocation strategy and (2) a deadline setting policy. Furthermore, to find the optimal memory configuration, we constructed a probability model based on the classic M/G/1 queuing model and the recently developed Real Time Queuing Theory (RTQT). The model is applicable to admission control and capacity planning in a recording system.