gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relative biological activities of individual streptovaricins and streptovaricin acetates (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative biological activities of individual streptovaricins and streptovaricin acetatesKenneth L. Rinehart, Jr., Frederick J. Antosz, Kazuya Sasaki, Preston K. Martin, Mohan L. Maheshwari, Fritz Reusser, L. H. Li, Deborah Moran, and Paul F. WileyCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 5, 861–867Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00702a004https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00702a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views110Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterisation of flexible adhesives for design (2023)

Flexible adhesives, characterised by low modulus and large extensions to failure, have a long history of use in non-structural applications. However, the advantageous properties of flexible adhesives in sustaining large strains and more evenly distributing peel forces on the bonded substrates are leading to their use for structural joining applications. This is driving the need to improve the understanding of their mechanical properties, which has received little attention, in comparison to structural adhesives. The study of methods for characterising the deformation and failure of flexible adhesives has formed the core of the Flexible Adhesives project of the Performance of Adhesive Joints programme supported by the DTI. This Measurement Good Practice Guide describes methods for characterising the hyperelastic and visco-elastic properties required to predict the mechanical performance of a flexible adhesive layer in a bonded structure. The Guide also discusses some aspects of Finite Element modelling of flexible adhesives.
Imaging near metal with a MAVRIC‐SEMAC hybrid (2010)

The recently developed multi-acquisition with variable resonance image combination (MAVRIC) and slice-encoding metal artifact correction (SEMAC) techniques can significantly reduce image artifacts commonly encountered near embedded metal hardware. These artifact reductions are enabled by applying alternative spectral and spatial-encoding schemes to conventional spin-echo imaging techniques. Here, the MAVRIC and SEMAC concepts are connected and discussed. The development of a hybrid technique that utilizes strengths of both methods is then introduced. The presented technique is shown capable of producing minimal artifact, high-resolution images near total joint replacements in a clinical setting.
Spider and Bacterial Sphingomyelinases D Target Cellular Lysophosphatidic Acid Receptors by Hydrolyzing Lysophosphatidylcholine (2004)

Bites by Loxosceles spiders can produce severe clinical symptoms, including dermonecrosis, thrombosis, vascular leakage, hemolysis, and persistent inflammation. The causative factor is a sphingomyelinase D (SMaseD) that cleaves sphingomyelin into choline and ceramide 1-phosphate. A similar enzyme, showing comparable bioactivity, is secreted by certain pathogenic corynebacteria and acts as a potent virulence factor. However, the molecular basis for SMaseD toxicity is not well understood, which hampers effective therapy. Here we show that the spider and bacterial SMases D hydrolyze albumin-bound lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), but not sphingosylphosphorylcholine, with K(m) values ( approximately 20-40 microm) well below the normal LPC levels in blood. Thus, toxic SMases D have intrinsic lysophospholipase D activity toward LPC. LPC hydrolysis yields the lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), a known inducer of platelet aggregation, endothelial hyperpermeability, and pro-inflammatory responses. Introduction of LPA(1) receptor cDNA into LPA receptor-negative cells renders non-susceptible cells susceptible to SmaseD, but only in LPC-containing media. Degradation of circulating LPC to LPA with consequent activation of LPA receptors may have a previously unappreciated role in the pathophysiology of secreted SMases D.
Scaling shrinkage-based language models (2009)

In we show that a novel class-based language model, Model M, and the method of regularized minimum discrimination information (rMDI) models outperform comparable methods on moderate amounts of Wall Street Journal data. Both of these methods are motivated by the observation that shrinking the sum of parameter magnitudes in an exponential language model tends to improve performance. In this paper, we investigate whether these shrinkage-based techniques also perform well on larger training sets and on other domains. First, we explain why good performance on large data sets is uncertain, by showing that gains relative to a baseline n-gram model tend to decrease as training set size increases. Next, we evaluate several methods for data/model combination with Model M and rMDI models on limited-scale domains, to uncover which techniques should work best on large domains. Finally, we apply these methods on a variety of medium-to-large-scale domains covering several languages, and show that Model M consistently provides significant gains over existing language models for state-of-the-art systems in both speech recognition and machine translation.
Stimulation of cytokine production via a special standardized mistletoe preparation in an in vitro human skin bioassay. (1996)

The mistletoe preparation Lektinol is standardized with respect to bioactive mistletoe lectin, the active component of mistletoe. This standardized mistletoe preparation and its active components (mistletoe lectins) were compared in the skin2 bioassay in vitro for their capacity to stimulate interleukin 1 alpha and interleukin 6 release from skin analogue tissue, composed of human cells in their naturally secreted matrix. The standardized mistletoe preparation, its basic ingredient, aqueous mistletoe extract, and pure mistletoe lectins all stimulated IL-1 alpha and IL-6 release from skin2 tissues during 24 h incubation. The amounts of cytokines released from various skin2 tissue lots by mistletoe lectin I (ML I) (0.75-8.0 ng/ml) and by the standardized mistletoe preparation remained relatively constant across a series of different batches. Concentration-response curves to the standardized mistletoe preparation and ML I were similar for IL-1 alpha and IL-6 release. The importance of the concentration of mistletoe lectins for the cytokine-releasing action of the standardized mistletoe preparation was confirmed using a neutralizing anti-mistletoe lectin antiserum. CONCLUSIONS. Using the skin2 method it was shown that reproducible stimulation of cytokine release by a standardized mistletoe preparation from batch to batch is one of the notable features of its pharmaceutical quality. This standardized mistletoe preparation therefore represents a preparation with constant immunobiological effects. Mistletoe lectins of the standardized mistletoe preparation are the active substances in the skin2 bioassay. The skin2 method is a reliable quantitative bioassay for determination of immunopharmacological effects.
Spatiotemporal expression patterns of mammalian chordin during postgastrulation embryogenesis and in postnatal brain (2000)

Chordin is an antagonist of TGFbeta-like bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that plays roles in dorsoventral axis formation and in induction, maintenance and/or differentiation of neural tissue in early vertebrate embryogenesis. In contrast, little is known concerning possible roles for Chordin at later stages of vertebrate development and in the adult. To provide insights into possible postgastrulation roles for Chordin, we report the spatiotemporal expression patterns of Chordin in 8.5- to 15.5-dpc mouse embryos and in the postnatal mouse brain. Expression of Chordin in the primordia of most major organs from 10.5 dpc, including the brain, lung, heart, liver, kidney, thymus, and gut, suggests multiple functions for Chordin in organogenesis, potentially by means of interactions with TGFbeta-like BMPs. The relatively high levels of Chordin expression in condensing and differentiating cartilage elements from 11.5 dpc indicates a generalized role for Chordin throughout embryonic skeletogenesis. In the postnatal mouse brain, we demonstrate that Chordin is coexpressed with other components of the TGFbeta-like BMP signalling pathway in the cerebellum and hippocampus, sites of high synaptic plasticity, suggesting a role for Chordin in this process.
IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 and other stimuli in inducing IL-10 production by human T cells (1996)

IL-12, a potent inducer of IFN-gamma production by T cells and NK cells, has been recently reported to exacerbate an established Th2 response in vivo. However, the effect of IL-12 on Th2-lymphokine production remains unclear. Since IL-10 is a lymphokine associated with Th2 responses which decreases both IL-12-induced IFN-gamma production and IL-12 production by macrophages, we have analyzed here, in an APC-free system, the ability of IL-12 to modulate the production of human IL-10 by established Th0, Th1, and Th2 T cell clones (TCC), T cell lines, and purified peripheral blood T cells. IL-12 synergized with anti-CD3 mAb, Con A, or IL-2 in inducing IL-10 production by Th0, Th1, and Th2 TCC and by T cell lines. This effect was dose dependent (from 0.1 to 50 U/ml) and associated with an increase of IL-10 mRNA transcription. As previously reported, IL-12 also enhanced IFN-gamma production by stimulated Th1 and Th0 TCC and, to a lesser extent, IL-4 production by stimulated Th0 and Th2 TCC. These observations were extended to peripheral blood T cells stimulated in the presence of exogenous IL-2. Moreover, using neutralizing anti-IL-2 Ab, we report that endogenous IL-2 produced by stimulated Th0 TCC could in part contribute to the effect of IL-12 on IL-10 and IL-4 production. In conclusion, IL-12 synergizes with IL-2 and other stimuli in inducing IL-4 and IL-10 production by T cells. This property may help to explain why IL-12 does not efficiently down-regulate an established Th2 response.
Numerical modeling of segmented traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators (2004)

A numerical modeling approach based on the microwave transmission (ABCD) matrix theory is developed for analyzing the frequency response of segmented traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators (STEAM). It is found that for 300 /spl mu/m long exemplary modulation length, the STEAM can provide much wider bandwidth (73 GHz) than the lumped-element (26 GHz) and the continuous traveling-wave (47 GHz) counter-parts, with a small penalty of E/O conversion gain if low-loss passive optical waveguide is available.
RAF around the Edges — The Paradox of BRAF Inhibitors (2012)

The recent success of BRAF inhibitors represents a great stride forward for melanoma research. When used to treat patients with melanoma who harbor the BRAF V600E mutation, these inhibitors lead to the remission of even advanced lesions. However, resistance to BRAF inhibitors emerges within months. Of added concern is the development of secondary tumors, most commonly cutaneous squamous-cell carcinomas and keratoacanthomas, in response to BRAF inhibition.1 In this issue of the Journal, Su et al. found that BRAF inhibition leads to increased MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling and secondary tumor development when another oncogene, HRAS, is activated.2 This is due . . .
Rescuing the physician-scientist workforce: the time for action is now (2015)

The 2014 NIH Physician-Scientist Workforce (PSW) Working Group report identified distressing trends among the small proportion of physicians who consider research to be their primary occupation. If unchecked, these trends will lead to a steep decline in the size of the workforce. They include high rates of attrition among young investigators, failure to maintain a robust and diverse pipeline, and a marked increase in the average age of physician-scientists, as older investigators have chosen to continue working and too few younger investigators have entered the workforce to replace them when they eventually retire. While the policy debates continue, here we propose four actions that can be implemented now. These include applying lessons from the MD-PhD training experience to postgraduate training, shortening the time to independence by at least 5 years, achieving greater diversity and numbers in training programs, and establishing Physician-Scientist Career Development offices at medical centers and universities. Rather than waiting for the federal government to solve our problems, we urge the academic community to address these goals by partnering with the NIH and national clinical specialty and medical organizations.
TNF-α potentiates the ion secretion induced by muscarinic receptor activation in HT29cl.19A cells (2000)

Chronic gastrointestinal diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are characterized by severe diarrhea. Mucosal biopsies of these patients show enhanced levels of cytokines, secreted by infiltrated inflammatory cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on ion secretion in human intestinal epithelial cells. The conventional microelectrode technique in the cell line HT29cl. 19A was used, which allows for simultaneous measurements of transepithelial potential difference and intracellular potential difference across the apical membrane. Preincubation (2-78 h) with 10 ng/ml TNF-alpha did not change basal secretory activity. However, the secretory response to the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol was strongly increased after exposure to TNF-alpha. Application of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF 109203X (bisindolylmaleimide I) inhibited the response to carbachol as well as the TNF-alpha-potentiated response, indicating that PKC mediates the effect of carbachol in this cell line. Propranolol, a substance that inhibits the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway, strongly reduced the response to muscarinic stimulation and its potentiation by TNF-alpha. The results indicate that activation of PLD is involved in ion secretion induced by muscarinic receptor activation and that TNF-alpha can potentiate this pathway.
Cavernous Carotid Artery Aneurysm Associated with Marfan's Syndrome: Treatment by Balloon Embolization Therapy (1988)

Intracranial aneurysms arising in the region of the cavernous carotid artery are difficult to manage surgically because of the surrounding cavernous sinus. With recent advances in microballoon technology and permanent solidification agents, it is now possible to treat certain intracranial aneurysms by detachable balloons and preserve the parent vessel. A patient with Marfan's syndrome presented with severe retroorbital pain, ophthalmoplegia, and headaches. Cerebral angiography demonstrated a large cavernous carotid artery aneurysm measuring 17 X 9 X 6 mm. This was successfully treated by placing three detachable balloons within the aneurysm and preserving the carotid artery via a transvascular approach. Intravascular detachable balloon embolization may offer a form of alternative therapy for the management of surgically difficult aneurysms.
Comparative Study of Cross-Point MRAM Array With Exponential and Threshold Selectors for Read Operation (2018)

We investigate a tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) devices with selectors classified as exponential and threshold types for cross-point array applications. Through array-level SPICE simulation, we analyze how the TMR ratio, which can vary with the type of the selector, affects a read-out current ratio in the array. In MRAM arrays with exponential selectors, the read-out current ratio close to 2× at high read voltage range is achieved only when the selector exhibits high current drivability with minimal external resistance. Instead, using the threshold selector that can provide sufficient current without external constraints due to switching mechanism enables to obtain the ratio greater than 2× in a small array, which can be distinguished with the help of sensing circuitry. However, the aggressive scaling of the technology node leads to inevitable wire resistance, thereby degrading the ratio. Thus, we also discuss optimizing the resistances of the MRAM, which is considered one of the ways to mitigate the degradation.
UMD (Universal Mutation Database): A generic software to build and analyze locus-specific databases (2000)

The human genome is thought to contain about 80,000 genes and presently only 3,000 are known to be implicated in genetic diseases. In the near future, the entire sequence of the human genome will be available and the development of new methods for point mutation detection will lead to a huge increase in the identification of genes and their mutations associated with genetic diseases as well as cancers, which is growing in frequency in industrial states. The collection of these mutations will be critical for researchers and clinicians to establish genotype/phenotype correlations. Other fields such as molecular epidemiology will also be developed using these new data. Consequently, the future lies not in simple repositories of locus-specific mutations but in dynamic databases linked to various computerized tools for their analysis and that can be directly queried on-line. To meet this goal, we devised a generic software called UMD (Universal Mutation Database). It was developed as a generic software to create locus-specific databases (LSDBs) with the 4(th) Dimension(R) package from ACI. This software includes an optimized structure to assist and secure data entry and to allow the input of various clinical data. Thanks to the flexible structure of the UMD software, it has been successfully adapted to nine genes either involved in cancer (APC, P53, RB1, MEN1, SUR1, VHL, and WT1) or in genetic diseases (FBN1 and LDLR). Four new LSDBs are under construction (VLCAD, MCAD, KIR6, and COL4A5). Finally, the data can be transferred to core databases.
Tuber Physiology and Properties of Starch from Tubers of Transgenic Potato Plants with Altered Plastidic Adenylate Transporter Activity (2001)

We showed recently that antisense plants with decreased activity of the plastidic ATP/ADP-transporter protein exhibit drastically reduced levels of starch and a decreased amylose/amylopectin ratio, whereas sense plants with increased activity of the transporter possessed more starch than wild-type plants and an increased amylose/amylopectin ratio. In this paper we investigate the effect of altered plastidic ATP/ADP-transporter protein expression on primary metabolism and granule morphology in more detail. Tuber tissues from antisense and sense plants exhibited substantially increased respiratory activity compared with the wild type. Tubers from antisense plants contained markedly increased levels of free sugars, UDP-Glc, and hexose phosphates, whereas phosphoenolpyruvate, isocitrate, ATP, ADP, AMP, UTP, UDP, and inorganic pyrophosphate levels were slightly decreased. In contrast, tubers from sense plants revealed a slight increase in adenine and uridine nucleotides and in the levels of inorganic pyrophosphate, whereas no significant changes in the levels of soluble sugars and metabolites were observed. Antisense tubers contained 50% reduced levels of ADP-Glc, whereas sense tubers contained up to 2-fold increased levels of this sole precursor for starch biosynthesis. Microscopic examination of starch grain morphology revealed that the size of starch grains from antisense tubers was substantially smaller (50%) compared with the wild type. The large starch grains from sense tubers appeared of a more angular morphology, which differed to the more ellipsoid shape of wild type grains. The results suggest a close interaction between plastidial adenylate transport and starch biosynthesis, indicating that ADP-Glc pyrophosphorylase is ATP-limited in vivo and that changes in ADP-Glc concentration determine starch yield, as well as granule morphology. Possible factors linking starch synthesis and respiration are discussed.
Hybrid switches in protective devices for low-voltage DC grids at commercial used buildings (2014)

The joint undertaking Current Components and Grid (DCC+G) takes on the strategic challenge to reduce energy consumption and thus the reduction of CO2 emission caused by commercially used buildings. This is proposed by using low voltage Direct Current (DC) grids at a voltage level of +/- 380 V. The major energy consumers in these buildings (LED lighting systems, heat pumps, ventilation systems, air conditioning units, cooling units and information technology), ready for the net-zero-energy goal of the European Union, are in the most energy efficient versions executed with a rectifier system as interface to the alternating current (AC) grid. Furthermore these buildings get local producers of electrical energy (photovoltaic, wind energy) as well as energy storage systems that operate with DC. Avoiding the repeated conversion from DC to AC and vice versa reduces conversion losses and will save energy. Another effect is the transition from many small rectifiers to a small amount of very high efficient central rectifiers. Nowadays the established 400V/230V, 50 Hz, 3-phase AC power distribution systems in commercial buildings could be substituted by a direct current distribution and give a contribution to CO2-reduction. Fuses, mechanical and electronic safety switches and their combinations must, like in the AC grid, detect electric faults and switch off and if needed isolate electrical equipment just in time to protect it. Nominal currents in the distribution of a 380 V DC grid should be typical not exceeding 50 A. Plugs and sockets for DC grids in data centre are already available with nominal currents of 20 A offering already higher power levels than todays standard 230 V, 16 A sockets of 1-phase AC grids. Controlled power converters offer well defined DC short circuit currents. Beside the possibilities to switch DC-currents on various ways with an arc system, DC grids can make use of electronic switches. To reduce transmission losses in semiconductors during standard operation mode the focus is more on the hybrid switches. Basic investigations on a close to production prototype of a hybrid switch are realised and its limitations and performances are highlighted.