gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalytic properties and biomedical applications of cerium oxide nanoparticles (2014)

Cerium oxide nanoparticles (Nanoceria) have shown promise as catalytic antioxidants in the test tube, cell culture models and animal models of disease. However given the reactivity that is well established at the surface of these nanoparticles, the biological utilization of Nanoceria as a therapeutic still poses many challenges. Moreover the form that these particles take in a biological environment, such as the changes that can occur due to a protein corona, are not well established. This review aims to summarize the existing literature on biological use of Nanoceria, and to raise questions about what further study is needed to apply this interesting catalytic material to biomedical applications. These questions include: 1) How does preparation, exposure dose, route and experimental model influence the reported effects of Nanoceria in animal studies? 2) What are the considerations to develop Nanoceria as a therapeutic agent in regards to these parameters? 3) What biological targets of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are relevant to this targeting, and how do these properties also influence the safety of these nanomaterials?
<title>Holographic Optical Elements</title> (1975)

During the past ten years there has been an increasing interest in the imaging properties of point-source holograms. Now, the capabilities (and difficulties) of holographically-formed optical elements are fairly well defined, and several applications have been discussed. In this article I survey the current technology and applications of Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs), viewed as components of a general optical system. The recent development of HOEs has followed Gabor's principle of wavefront reconstruction (holograms).(I) The important aspect of this development was the study2yf imaging (3) properties and aberrations of point source holograms, notably by Meier' ' and Champagne. It was the ability to analyze and compensate aberrations,Oat permitted a quantitative consideration of holograms as optical elements by Latta.") Practical HOEs became possible with the development of appropriate ray tracing techniques,(5-7) and high-efficiency hologram recording materials.(8,9)
Validity of the `Bioassay' for Thioredoxin-Reductase Activity-Reply (1988)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> It is our belief that a critical review of the literature, including your references 3 and 4, on the thioredoxin reductase (TR) bioassay, provides sufficient information to confirm our results. A most important feature of our spin-labeled substrate is its inability to penetrate the plasma membranes of keratinocytes and melanocytes. Therefore, the nitroxide radical reduction that we measure is catalyzed by an enzyme acting at the outer membrane surface.<sup>1</sup>We understand your criticism that nitroxide radicals are easily reduced to the electron resonance spectroscopy-silent hydroxylamine product by many biological redox systems (your reference 3), but in our bioassay we have shown that the nitroxide radical is reduced at the cell surface to a secondary amine.<sup>2</sup>The inability of our spin-labeled substrate to penetrate the plasma membrane rules out nonspecific reactions that would undoubtedly occur in the cytosol or on mitochondrial membranes. Indeed, if substrate transport occurred,
Discovery of Potent Myeloid Cell Leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) Inhibitors That Demonstrate in Vivo Activity in Mouse Xenograft Models of Human Cancer (2019)

Overexpression of myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) in cancers correlates with high tumor grade and poor survival. Additionally, Mcl-1 drives intrinsic and acquired resistance to many cancer therapeutics, including B cell lymphoma 2 family inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, and antitubulins. Therefore, Mcl-1 inhibition could serve as a strategy to target cancers that require Mcl-1 to evade apoptosis. Herein, we describe the use of structure-based design to discover a novel compound (42) that robustly and specifically inhibits Mcl-1 in cell culture and animal xenograft models. Compound 42 binds to Mcl-1 with picomolar affinity and inhibited growth of Mcl-1-dependent tumor cell lines in the nanomolar range. Compound 42 also inhibited the growth of hematological and triple negative breast cancer xenografts at well-tolerated doses. These findings highlight the use of structure-based design to identify small molecule Mcl-1 inhibitors and support the use of 42 as a potential treatment strategy to block Mcl-1 activity and induce apoptosis in Mcl-1-dependent cancers.
Experimental demonstration of a four-plane 2-D multiple-wavelength optical interconnection using integrated VCSEL arrays and MQW/DBR detectors (1997)

We experimentally demonstrate a four-plane two-dimensional (2-D) wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) optical interconnection using integrated multiple-wavelength WDM transmitting VCSEL arrays and three-wavelength-selective detector arrays. The detector planes employ multiquantum-well (MQW) detector arrays, with the middle plane being a novel channel-dropping detector with a single mirror resonant cavity. This middle plane provides superior wavelength selectivity thereby reducing crosstalk from the shorter and longer wavelength channels. Reconfigurable and simultaneous WDM interconnections between planes are demonstrated at 155 Mb/s.
An Electrospray Ionization Source for Integration with Microfluidics (2002)

We have demonstrated a new electrospray ionization (ESI) device incorporating a tip made from a shaped thin film, bonded to a microfluidic channel, and interfaced to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOFMS). A triangular-shaped thin polymer tip was formed by lithography and etching. A microfluidic channel, 20 microm wide and 10 microm deep, was embossed in a cyclo olefin substrate using a silicon master. The triangular tip was aligned with the channel and bonded between the channel plate and a flat plate to create a microfluidic channel with a wicking tip protruding from the end. This structure aided the formation of a stable Taylor cone at the apex of the tip, forming an electrospray ionization source. This source was tested by spraying several solutions for mass spectrometric analysis. Because the components are all made by lithographic approaches with high geometrical fidelity, an integrated array system with multiple channels can be formed with the same method and ease as a single channel. We tested a multichannel system in a multiplexed manner and showed reliable operation with no significant cross contamination between closely spaced channels.
Functionalized Fluorinated Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (F-POSS) (2012)

Abstract : Incompletely-condensed fluoroalkyl-functional Polyhedral Oligomeric SilSesquioxanes (F-POSS) have been synthesized via a scaleable three-step synthetic process with an overall yield of 52%. The primary byproduct of each step in the synthesis is the completely-condensed F-POSS starting material, which enables the recycling of the starting materials. The incompletely condensed structures were readily reacted with a variety of functional dichlorosilanes to introduce reactive or unreactive functionality and produce unsymmetrical F-POSS structures. Chemical structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, multinuclear NMR (H1, C13, F19, and Si29), and FT-IR methods. Single crystal X-ray diffraction was used to elucidate the crystal structure of the precursor F-POSS disilanol. The functionalized F-POSS structures were found to possess variable solubility properties, generally superior to those of the closed-cage F-POSS starting material. Dynamic contact angle measurements of these compounds were examined using water and hexadecane as the wetting liquids. Copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) containing F-POSS were synthesized from methacrylate F-POSS macromers. These novel structures can be used as building blocks for the development of low surface energy materials.
Novel Passive Sampling Device for Measuring Sediment–Water Diffusion Fluxes of Hydrophobic Organic Chemicals (2013)

Molecular diffusion across the sediment-water interface, as one of the key geochemical processes, dictates whether a sediment is a source or sink of chemicals, providing useful data in designing remedial actions. Despite ample previous efforts in quantifying sediment-water diffusion fluxes, the resulting methods are largely unsatisfactory. Herein, we introduce a novel passive sampling device capable of measuring vertical profiles of chemical concentrations near the sediment-water interface, from which diffusion fluxes can be calculated based on a model that we developed. In laboratory testing, diffusion fluxes (0.032-310 ng m(-2) d(-1)) of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites obtained from the present sampling device were consistent with those (0.38-610 ng m(-2) d(-1)) determined by using a conventional active sampling method, solid-phase extraction/liquid-liquid extraction. Field deployment of the sampling device yielded individual diffusion fluxes of p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDMU, o,p'-DDMU, p,p'-DDNU, and p,p'-DBP in the range of 5.9-150 ng m(-2) d(-1), which were comparable to those (5.5-85 ng m(-2) d(-1)) obtained with a benthic chamber. Moreover, diffusion fluxes of p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT obtained with the sampling device were negative; i.e., the sediment is acting as a sink for these chemicals, while that could not be found using the benthic chamber. Thus, the passive sampling device can provide better information about the movement of chemicals through the sediment and overlying water for the choice of remedial strategies.
Rubber-Thermoplastic Compositions. Part VII. Chlorinated Polyethylene Rubber-Nylon Compositions (1983)

Abstract Nylon resins and CPE rubber can be melt-blended to give compositions which have useful properties. If the rubber is cured by dynamic vulcanization, high strength oil resistant thermoplastic elastomers result. Cold milling of melt-mixed compositions results in nylon-reinforced rubber which can be mixed with curatives and press cured or statically vulcanized to give reinforced rubber compositions which resemble vulcanized rubber-short fiber composites. The reason for the high integrity of either the statically or the dynamically vulcanized composition appears to be that chemical bonds form between the rubber and plastic.
Advanced Rhythm Discrimination for Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators Using Electrogram Vector Timing and Correlation (2002)

The VTC algorithm demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in discriminating between ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias.
Marine cable location system (1985)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Henning Ottsen, Thruburn Barker; Marine cable location system. J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 1 September 1985; 78 (3): 1153. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.392975 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAcoustical Society of AmericaThe Journal of the Acoustical Society of America Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Electrical properties of N-polar AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown on SiC by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2009)

N-polar high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) were fabricated from GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on n-type vicinal C-face SiC substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The heterostructures had a sheet charge density and mobility of 6.6×1012 cm−2 and 1370 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. HEMTs with a gate length of 0.7 μm had a peak transconductance of 135 mS/mm, a peak drain current of 0.65 A/mm, and a three-terminal breakdown voltage greater than 150 V. At a drain bias of 20 V, the current-gain and power-gain cutoff frequencies with the pad capacitances de-embedded were 17 and 33 GHz, respectively.
PROTECTION OF PORCINE AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL CELLS FROM COMPLEMENT-MEDIATED CELL LYSIS AND ACTIVATION BY RECOMBINANT HUMAN CD59 (1994)

Discordant xenogeneic organ transplantation is a potential solution to the critical shortage of suitable donor organs. However, clinical application of xenotransplantation with physiologically suitable organs such as those from the pig, is currently limited by the lack of agents to prevent antibody and complement-mediated hyperacute rejection of the transplanted organ. We have used retrovirus-mediated gene transfer to express the terminal complement inhibitor protein, human CD59, in neonatal porcine aortic endothelial cells (nPAEC). Human CD59 was constitutively expressed in nPAECs at levels similar to that of native CD59 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The protein was tethered to the cell surface by a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol anchor, as demonstrated by its removal following treatment with phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. In a model of antibody-dependent complement activation, nPAECs expressing human CD59 were protected from membrane pore formation and cell lysis by complement derived from either human or baboon sera. Conversely, nPAECs expressing CD59 were not protected from lysis by rabbit or dog complement, indicating that recombinant CD59 retained its species-restricted inhibitory activity. Additionally, CD59 expressed on nPAECs inhibited the C5b-9-dependent generation of membrane prothrombinase activity. Collectively, these data establish that stable expression of human CD59 on xenotypic (porcine) endothelial cells renders these cells resistant to both the cytolytic and procoagulant effects of human complement. We propose that expression of recombinant human CD59 on porcine donor organs may prevent complement-mediated lysis and activation of endothelial cells that leads to hyperacute rejection.
Text line segmentation based on local baselines and connected component centroids for Tibetan historical documents (2020)

Abstract Text line segmentation is one of the key contents in document image analysis and recognition. Due to the complex situation of text images in Tibetan historical document, such as the coexistence of slanting and distortion of text lines, especially the adhesion between lines, text line segmentation has become a challenging task. In this paper, a new method of text segmentation for Tibetan historical document is proposed. This method first obtains the local baseline information of the text line, and then performs the detection and segmentation of the adhesion area. Finally, according to the barycentre coordinates of the connected component and the local baseline information, each connected component is assigned to the corresponding text line. The method avoids the effect of text line distortion on the segmentation of the stuck text line and greatly reduces the error rate of the adhesion text line segmentation and can effectively deal with the segmentation of slanted and distorted Tibetan sticky text lines.
An antiidiotypic antibody that recognizes the beta-adrenergic receptor. (1982)

Antialprenolol rabbit antibodies were fractionated on an acebutolol affinity resin, followed by L-propranolol elution so as to separate a class of binding sites that mimic the beta-adrenergic receptor. Allotype-identicaL rabbits were immunized with this fraction. After 6 mo, antisera exhibited antiidiotypic activity inhibiting [3H]alprenolol binding to the original antibody and to rabbit antiacebutolol antibodies, which had a spectrum of ligand-binding properties identical to the original idiotype. Those antisera demonstrating the original idiotype. Those antisera demonstrating the most potent antiidiotypic activity also blocked [3H]alprenolol binding to the beta-adrenergic receptor of turkey membrane, canine pulmonary membrane, and rat reticulocyte. An idiotype affinity-purified fraction showed similar activity, inhibiting beta-receptor binding with a calculated dissociation constant (KD) of 53 nM. Isoproterenol-mediated adenylate cyclase activity was also inhibited in a competitive manner. The universality of recognition of these antiidiotypic antisera indicate that the three-dimensional structure of a receptor's binding site can be modeled by a subset of an elicited antibody population.
Error correcting source decoding (1999)

This paper presents an a posteriori channel error correction method, based on subband synthesis. We estimate the position and amplitude of transmission errors using undownsampled subband signals, thus allowing correction of the subband signals and resynthesis of a nearly error-free signal. The method can be extended to multiple dimensions. Examples of images transmitted (compressed) with and without this method are shown. The results are very promising.
Total nitrogen removal in an aerobic/anoxic membrane biofilm reactor system (2005)

The hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) is effective for reducing nitrate-N to N2 gas, but most wastewaters contain ammonium-N. Here, we document that an aerobic/anoxic MBfR system achieves nearly total N removal (&lt;2 mgN/L) when the influent N is ammonium. The aerobic/anoxic MBfR couples two MBfR modules. The aerobic MBfR is supplied O2 and brings about nitrification of ammonium to nitrate or nitrite. The anoxic MBfR is supplied H2 and brings about denitrification to N2 gas. Total N removal is most strongly influenced by the O2 pressure in the aerobic module: too low O2 caused poor nitrification, while too high O2 inhibited denitrification in the anoxic module. Hydrogen pressure does not strongly affect total-N removal, and the best total-N removal occurs when the H2 and O2 pressures are similar.
Telcordia LSI Engine: Implement at ion and Scalability Issues (2001)

Latent Semantic Indexing (LSI), a vector spacebased approach to information retrieval , has been proven to be an eflective tool in correlating and retrieving relevant documents. While much work has been published on LSI, most of it addresses the algorithmic or theoretical basis of the model. Little, if any, presents implementation issues in practice. In this paper, we describe a production-level implementation of LSI. The system integrates components including document collection and preprocessing, singular value decomposition (SVD), multilingual processing, and a tree-based access method for similarity que ying. We discuss implementation issues encountered during the development of the system. In particular, we address scalability issues in the query engine and various components of the system, and present lessons learned.
Transverse modes of photonic crystal vertical-cavity lasers (2004)

The control of lateral mode operation using a photonic crystal in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is analyzed and confirmed experimentally. By controlling design parameters of the photonic crystal pattern, we have produced photonic crystal VCSELs that operate in higher order defect modes in addition to the fundamental defect mode. The transverse modal behavior is consistent with the predictions of a theoretical model in which the etching depth dependence of the air holes of the photonic crystals is considered. We also have determined the lower limit of optical confinement required from the photonic crystal pattern to influence the output beam of the laser.
Comparison of Robot Surgery Modular and Total Knee Arthroplasty Kinematics (2013)

The kinematics of seven knee specimens were measured from 0 to 120 degrees flexion using an up-and-down crouching machine. Motion was characterized by the positions of the centers of the lateral and medial femoral condyles in the anterior-posterior direction relative to a fixed tibia. A modular unicompartmental knee, trochlea flange, and patella resurfacing (multicompartmental knee [MCK] system) were implanted using a surgeon-interactive robot system that provided accurate surface matching. The MCK was tested, followed by standard cruciate retaining (CR) and posterior stabilized (PS) knees. The motion of the MCK was close to anatomic, especially on the medial side, in contrast to the CR and PS knees that showed abnormal motion features. Such a modular knee system, accurately inserted, has the potential for close to normal function in clinical application.
5.4 MHz dog-bone oscillating AFM probe with thermal actuation and piezoresistive detection (2013)

We report on a new concept of Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) oscillating probes using dog-bone resonator with thermal excitation and piezoresistive detection. The resonance frequency is 5.4 MHz and the quality factor is measured about 4,000 in air. AFM images are obtained over PMMA resist sample and the force resolution deduced from the measurement is about 320 pN/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sup> .
GaN optical system for CO and NO gas detection in the exhaust manifold of combustion engines (2006)

We report on an optical system for the detection of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitride oxide (NO) concentrations in the exhaust manifolds of internal combustion engines. In this system a detector based on gallium nitride (GaN) and an UV arc discharge lamp are integrated. The arc discharge lamp induces electronic transitions in the gas molecules flowing between the light source and the GaN photodetector. These transitions modify the fraction of light in the UV spectral region which is detected by the GaN photodetector, as a function of the exhaust gas concentration. The system is designed to operate at temperatures as high as 600??C, so that deposited organic residuals on the detector can be oxidized, ensuring the clear surface needed for an optical measurement. The system was tested by measuring the concentrations of CO and NO diluted in pure N2, showing a strong increase in the measured photocurrent as a function of the above gases.
The Horizontal Reactive Media Treatment Well (HRX Well®) for Passive In‐Situ Remediation (2017)

Abstract A new in‐situ remediation concept termed a Horizontal Reactive Media Treatment Well (HRX Well®) is presented that utilizes horizontal wells filled with reactive media to passively treat contaminated groundwater in‐situ. The approach involves the use of large‐diameter directionally drilled horizontal wells filled with granular reactive media generally installed parallel to the direction of groundwater flow. The design leverages natural “flow‐focusing” behavior induced by the high in‐well hydraulic conductivity of the reactive media relative to the aquifer hydraulic conductivity to passively capture and treat proportionally large volumes of groundwater within the well. Clean groundwater then exits the horizontal well along its downgradient sections. Many different types of solid granular reactive media are already available (e.g., zero valent iron, activated carbon, ion exchange resins, zeolite, apatite, chitin); therefore, this concept could be used to address a wide range of contaminants. Three‐dimensional flow and transport simulations were completed to assess the general hydraulic performance, capture zones, residence times, effects of aquifer heterogeneity, and treatment effectiveness of the concept. The results demonstrate that capture and treatment widths of up to tens of feet can be achieved for many aquifer settings, and that reductions in downgradient concentrations and contaminant mass flux are nearly immediate. For a representative example, the predicted treatment zone width for the HRX Well is approximately 27 to 44 feet, and contaminant concentrations immediately downgradient of the HRX Well decreased an order of magnitude within 10 days. A series of laboratory‐scale physical tests (i.e., tank tests) were completed that further demonstrate the concept and confirm model prediction performance. For example, the breakthrough time, peak concentration and total mass recovery of methylene blue (reactive tracer) was about 2, 35, and 20 times (respectively) less than chloride (conservative tracer) at the outlet of the tank‐scale HRX Well.