gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Proinflammatory Effects of Peptidoglycan-Derived Neoglycopeptide Polymers (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis and Proinflammatory Effects of Peptidoglycan-Derived Neoglycopeptide PolymersAloysius Siriwardena, Malene R. Jørgensen, Margreet A. Wolfert, Michel L. Vandenplas, James N. Moore, and Geert-Jan BoonsView Author Information Complex Carbohydrate Research Center University of Georgia, 220 Riverbend Road Athens, Georgia 30602 Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine The University of Georgia, Georgia 30602. Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 33, 8145–8146Publication Date (Web):July 27, 2001Publication History Received21 February 2001Published online27 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0104655https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0104655rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views514Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biopolymers,Immunology,Peptides and proteins,Polymers,Receptors Get e-Alerts
C-H Bond Activation: A Versatile Protocol for the Direct Arylation and Alkenylation of Oxazoles (2009)

The versatile palladium complex Pd(PPh3)4 catalyses both direct arylation and alkenylation of oxazoles efficiently. The method is regioselective and stereospecific with respect to bromoalkenes and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
Superconductor Technology for High-End Computing System Issues and Technology Roadmap (2005)

The ITRS 2004 Update on Emerging Research Devices identified superconductor rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) technology as the most advanced of any of the alternative candidate technologies for extending performance beyond today’s semiconductor technology (Fig. 1).
Calculus-Based Physics Without Lectures (1991)

Every fall several hundred thousand students enroll in calculus-based “engineering” physics courses throughout the United States. Informal statistics tell us that over half of them will fail to complete the sequence of introductory courses. These students complain that physics is hard and boring. The most compelling student critique of traditional introductory physics and chemistry courses comes from college graduates in the humanities who were engaged by Sheila Tobias to take introductory science for credit. These students paint a devastating portrait of introductory courses as uninteresting, time consuming, narrowly fixated on the procedures of textbook problem solving, devoid of peer cooperation, lacking in student involvement during lectures, crammed with too much material, and biased away from conceptual understanding.
Experimental study on the effect of a deformable boundary on the collapse characteristics of a cavitation bubble (2019)

Cavitation phenomena widely exist in many fields such as medical treatment, chemical engineering, and hydraulic engineering. The boundary properties have a great influence on the collapse characteristics of a cavitation bubble. The interaction between a cavitation bubble and a boundary of different properties is an important part in the cavitation erosion mechanism. In this paper, cavitation bubbles under in-water pulse discharge and cavitation erosion under ultrasonic vibration were used to study the effect of a deformable boundary on the collapse characteristics of a cavitation bubble, which reveals the cavitation-resistance performance of different materials on the macroscopic scale. The main experimental results showed that on a deformable boundary, the cavitation bubble does not collapse toward the boundary in the later collapse stage compared with on the rigid boundary. The collapse process of the cavitation bubble is aggravated on the deformable boundary. In the condition of same cavitation strength, the cavitation?s erosion loss amount on the rigid boundary material is much higher than that on the deformable boundary material. The experimental conclusions have an important reference value for the development of cavitation erosion prevention and the exploration of cavitation-resistance materials.
Forward Thinking: Building and Training Neural Networks One Layer at a Time (2017)

We present a general framework for training deep neural networks without backpropagation. This substantially decreases training time and also allows for construction of deep networks with many sorts of learners, including networks whose layers are defined by functions that are not easily differentiated, like decision trees. The main idea is that layers can be trained one at a time, and once they are trained, the input data are mapped forward through the layer to create a new learning problem. The process is repeated, transforming the data through multiple layers, one at a time, rendering a new data set, which is expected to be better behaved, and on which a final output layer can achieve good performance. We call this forward thinking and demonstrate a proof of concept by achieving state-of-the-art accuracy on the MNIST dataset for convolutional neural networks. We also provide a general mathematical formulation of forward thinking that allows for other types of deep learning problems to be considered.
Spleen‐derived dendritic cells engineered to enhance interleukin‐12 production elicit therapeutic antitumor immune responses (2000)

The major goal in cancer immunotherapy is the induction of tumor-specific T lymphocytes capable of killing tumor cells. As both dendritic cells (DCs) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) can play immunostimulatory roles in vivo, the use of a combination of these has become a promising approach. In the present study, we used a murine tumor model to examine whether spleen-derived DCs transduced with the IL-12 gene could elicit tumor-specific immune responses. BALB/c mice injected peritumorally with adenovirus-mediated IL-12 gene-transduced antigen-unpulsed DCs inhibited the growth of day 5-established subcutaneous CT26 tumors. Splenocytes from treated mice responded specifically to parental tumor cells and showed increased production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and antitumor cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) activity. Increased numbers of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected in the treated tumors. The inhibition of tumor growth was significantly greater in mice injected with IL-12 gene-transduced DCs than in those injected with IL-12 gene-transduced fibroblasts or the IL-12 gene-encoding adenovirus itself. Taken together, these results indicate that DCs transduced with the IL-12 gene by a recombinant adenovirus are effective in inducing tumor-specific Th1 and CTL responses that inhibit the growth of established subcutaneous tumors. Int. J. Cancer 87:665–672, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Handbook of Nuclear Medicine (2023)

Conveniently divided by organ system, each chapter of this quick-reference manual covers anatomy, physiology, radiopharmaceuticals, imaging techniques and normal scans, followed by abnormal findings and their differential diagnoses. Includes SPECT imaging, radiolabeled antibodies for imaging infection, monoclonal antibodies for detecting tumor, in vitro renal function techniques, pharmacologic agents for cardiac stress testing, expanded role of PET imaging, and much more!
A counterintuitive approach to treat enzyme deficiencies: use of enzyme inhibitors for restoring mutant enzyme activity (2007)

Pharmacological chaperone therapy is an emerging counterintuitive approach to treat protein deficiencies resulting from mutations causing misfolded protein conformations. Active-site-specific chaperones (ASSCs) are enzyme active-site directed small molecule pharmacological chaperones that act as a folding template to assist protein folding of mutant proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As a result, excessive degradation of mutant proteins in the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery can be prevented, thus restoring enzyme activity. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are suitable candidates for ASSC treatment, as the levels of enzyme activity needed to prevent substrate storage are relatively low. In addition, ASSCs are orally active small molecules and have potential to gain access to most cell types to treat neuronopathic LSDs. Competitive enzyme inhibitors are effective ASSCs when they are used at sub-inhibitory concentrations. This whole new paradigm provides excellent opportunity for identifying specific drugs to treat a broad range of inherited disorders. This review describes protein misfolding as a pathophysiological cause in LSDs and provides an overview of recent advances in the development of pharmacological chaperone therapy for the diseases. In addition, a generalized guidance for the design and screening of ASSCs is also presented.
Thermodynamics of Densification: II, Grain Growth in Porous Compacts and Relation to Densification (1989)

It is shown that grain‐boundary motion in a sintering array of particles can be limited by the geometry of the sintered particle network. Despite its curvature, the grain boundary can encounter an energy barrier when it attempts to move through smaller grains toward its center of curvature. This energy barrier decreases to zero when the radius ratio ( R ) between adjacent grains approaches a critical value, R → R c =− [cos (Ψ e )] −1 , where Ψ e is the dihedral angle relating surface and grain‐boundary energies. The change in radius ratio ( R → R c ) can occur by interparticle mass transport, viz., coarsening. This result suggests grain growth kinetics within a sintering array can be controlled by coarsening kinetics, making it distinctly different from grain growth in the fully dense material which occurs by boundary motion. More significantly, it is shown that when a grain disappears from between larger grains by coarsening, the driving force for sintering between the newly joined grains is reinitiated. That is, grain growth via coarsening can continually drive sintering and array shrinkage. It is shown that coarsening by itself does not lead to significant array shrinkage, but can promote significant shrinkage when sintering is reinitiated. Densification is therefore expected to be predictably related to grain growth, and thus coarsening kinetics. It is shown that the relative density of a ring of spheres that undergoes cyclic coarsening and sintering is nearly linearly related to grain size. Conceptual relations between density and grain growth for real powder compacts are discussed and related to the function that describes the compact's distribution of pore coordination numbers. Finally, since coarsening can be the rate‐limiting step for densification, it is suggested that theory and related experiments associated with densification kinetics should be reevaluated.
Self-Assembly of Amphiphilic Nanoparticle−Coil “Tadpole” Macromolecules (2004)

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in Macromolecules, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://doi.org/10.1021/ma035542q
From Text to Knowledge: Semantic Entity Extractionusing YAGO Ontology (2011)

Semantic entities are the entities that their concepts are available in a knowledgebase. Here, a new system will be introduced to extract semantic entities from texts. For this aim a new disambiguation method is suggested to match each of ambiguous entity with one of semantic entities in the knowledgebase. The YAGO ontology is used in this method as state of the art of knowledgebase in this field. Since entities in YAGO are meaningful, so in this method, semantic entities are obtained. Comparing the results with the literatures shows that the results of this new approach can be sufficiently reliable.
Selection of a T7 promoter mutant with enhanced in vitro activity by a novel multi-copy bead display approach for in vitro evolution (2012)

In vitro evolution of nucleic acids and proteins is a powerful strategy to optimize their biological and physical properties. To select proteins with the desired phenotype from large gene libraries, the proteins need to be linked to the gene they are encoded by. To facilitate selection of the desired phenotype and isolation of the encoding DNA, a novel bead display approach was developed, in which each member of a library of beads is first linked to multiple copies of a clonal gene variant by emulsion polymerase chain reaction. Beads are transferred to a second emulsion for an in vitro transcription–translation reaction, in which the protein encoded by each bead’s amplicon covalently binds to the bead present in the same picoliter reactor. The beads then contain multiple copies of a clonal gene variant and multiple molecules of the protein encoded by the bead’s gene variant and serve as the unit of selection. As a proof of concept, we screened a randomized library of the T7 promoter for high expression levels by flow cytometry and identified a T7 promoter variant with an ∼10-fold higher in vitro transcriptional activity, confirming that the multi-copy bead display approach can be efficiently applied to in vitro evolution.
Investigation on an Open Cycle Water Chiller based on Desiccant Dehumidification (2012)

In this thesis, a novel open cycle desiccant dehumidification system is experimentally studied. The system is installed and operated at Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTU) as part of the Green Energy Laboratory (GEL) initiative. The system uses two-stage desiccant dehumidification as well as regenerative evaporative cooling for chilled water production. The purpose of the thesis is to evaluate the system performance during different ambient and operational conditions. The investigated system has great potential regarding the environmental aspect of HVAC system solutions. The system is more energy efficient compared to conventional air conditioning systems and uses solar thermal power provided by evacuated tube solar air collectors as the main source of energy. Therefore, this type of system can contribute in reducing the use of non-renewable energy sources.A lot of experiments have been performed from June to July 2012 during varying ambient conditions. As a first step, the necessary regeneration temperature level is established. The results show that this temperature should be in the range of 70-75˚C or higher to be able to achieve desired dehumidification effect. Then, experiments regarding the overall system performance during different ambient temperature and humidity conditions are performed and analyzed. The results show that the system excels good performance during periods of high ambient humidity and is capable of achieving average COPth and COPel around 0.8 and 5.7 respectively. The total dehumidification efficiency is approximately 58% and is proven to vary with respect to the regeneration temperature, where increasing regeneration temperature results in higher amount of moisture removed from the processed air. The solar collectors providing heat to the regeneration air has an efficiency of 47-60% depending on the available level of solar radiation intensity. During periods of low intensity it is proven that the heating system needs assistance from an auxiliary device to be able to generate a sufficient temperature level. The evaporative cooler producing chilled water is capable of providing water at a temperature below 21˚C during periods of high ambient temperature, and temperatures below 16˚C if the ambient temperature decreases. The achieved dehumidification and cooling capacity of the desiccant system makes it possible to provide qualified supply air with temperature in the range of 20-26˚C and absolute humidity below 12 g/kg. Also, an experiment with the purpose of investigating the newly installed second desiccant wheel is carried out. The system is operated with only the second wheel running and the results show that the dehumidification performance is very good when the second wheel provides the first stage dehumidification. Lastly, experiments investigating the impact of the pre-cooling heat exchanger is performed and analyzed.
An 11-Bit 45 MS/s Pipelined ADC With Rapid Calibration of DAC Errors in a Multibit Pipeline Stage (2008)

A technique to rapidly correct for both DAC and gain errors in the multibit first stage of an 11-bit pipelined ADC is presented. Using a dual-ADC based approach the digital background scheme is validated with a proof-of-concept prototype fabricated in a 1.8 V 0.18 CMOS process, where the calibration scheme improves the peak INL of the 45 MS/s ADC from 6.4 LSB to 1.1 LSB after calibration. The SNDR/SFDR is improved from 46.9 dB/48.9 dB to 60.1 dB/70 dB after calibration. Calibration is achieved in approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> clock cycles.
Congenital and Acquired Neutropenia (2004)

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of congenital and acquired neutropenia is rapidly evolving. New ground-breaking observations have identified the genes responsible for many of the congenital neutropenia syndromes and are also providing new insights into normal neutrophil commitment and differentiation. Acquired neutropenia remains a poorly understood syndrome, although new insights into its pathogenesis are also emerging, especially with regard to subsets of immune neutropenia. In Section I, Dr. Marshall Horwitz reviews the current understanding of the genetic basis, molecular pathology, and approaches to treatment of congenital neutropenia and cyclic hematopoiesis. Mutations in the ELA2 gene, which encodes for neutrophil elastase, cause cyclic hematopoiesis. ELA2 mutations are also the most common cause of congenital neutropenia, where their presence may equate with a more severe clinical course and higher frequency of leukemic progression. Emerging evidence indicates interrelatedness with Hermansky Pudlak syndrome and other disorders of neutrophil and platelet granules. In Section II, Dr. Nancy Berliner presents an overview of the clinical approach to the evaluation and treatment of acquired neutropenia. This includes a review of the pathogenesis of primary and secondary immune neutropenia, drug-induced neutropenia, and non-immune chronic idiopathic neutropenia of adults. Studies used to evaluate patients for potential immune neutropenia are reviewed. Management issues, especially the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), are discussed. In Section III, Dr. Thomas Loughran, Jr., reviews the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia. Possible mechanisms of neutropenia are discussed. In particular, discussion focuses on the relationship between LGL leukemia, rheumatoid disease, and Felty's syndrome, and the complex interplay of defects in neutrophil production, distribution, destruction, and apoptosis that underly the development of neutropenia in those syndromes.
A Privacy-Preserving Coalition Loyalty Program (2019)

Loyalty programs are marketing strategies implemented by the service provider to establish a lasting relationship with customers. The service provider offers loyalty points, rewards, and other benefits to the customers while the customers will trade some private information to receive more offers that are relevant. With company data breaches on the rise, customers are becoming increasingly wary of sharing personal data within the loyalty program network. The increase in privacy concern causes either the customers refusing to enroll or avoiding using their membership privileges. In this paper, we propose a privacy-preserving loyalty program solution to give anonymity and protection of private information from misuse by third parties. To increase customers' confidence and merchants' trust, our protocol ensures that the manipulation of the point is transparent (i.e., can be verified) and data privacy can be protected.
Joint video coding of MPEG-2 video programs for digital broadcasting services (1998)

In digital broadcasting services such as digital satellite TV, cable TV, and digital terrestrial TV, several video programs are compressed by MPEG-2 and then simultaneously transmitted over a conventional CBR (constant bit rate) broadcasting channel. In this environment, the picture quality of the aggregated video programs should be kept as equal as possible to provide fair video services for all the viewers. We propose a joint video coding scheme for ensuring that the picture quality of all the programs are nearly the same. This objective is achieved by simultaneously controlling the video encoders to generate the VBR (variable bit rate) compressed video streams. This paper contributes in two ways. First, we propose a rate-distortion estimation method for MPEG-2 video, which enables us to predict the amount of bits and the distortion generated from an encoded picture at a given quantization step size and vice versa. The most attractive features of the proposed estimation method are its accuracy and a computational complexity low enough to be applied to real-time video coding applications. Second, this paper presents an efficient and accurate joint video coding scheme using the rate-distortion estimation results. The experimental results show that our coding scheme gives a higher and more stable picture quality and a more efficient channel utilization than an independent coding scheme that encodes each program independently.