gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity tunable capacitive type micro accelerometer (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel sensitivity tunable capacitive type micro accelerometer which could adjust its sensitivity. The previous bulk-micromachined accelerometer is hard to make a pattern which is smaller than 1um with high aspect ratio because of ICP etching errors such as loading effect and footing. In this paper, by making movable ground electrodes which have MEMS actuators, we present a high sensitivity micro accelerometer with a narrow sensing gap under 1um using conventional bulk micromachining. Unlike previous capacitive type MEMS accelerometers which have anchored ground electrodes, the proposed micro accelerometer has movable ground electrodes. By simply applying DC bias to MEMS actuators, the ground electrodes are moved to the sensing electrodes. The fabricated sensing gap is 1.9um and it could be reduced to 0.8um according to the actuation voltage, VDD. The working sensitivity of the micro accelerometer is 0.410 pF/g at V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> =1.0 V, which is higher than 0.125 pF/g with no actuation, V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> =0 V.
ChemInform Abstract: Analogues of the Antiviral Acyclonucleoside 9‐(4‐Hydroxy‐3‐hydroxymethylbutyl)guanine. Part 4. Substitution on the 2‐Amino Group. (1990)

Abstract The acyclonucleosides (IV) and (XII), analogues of known antiviral guanines, are prepared in order to study whether substitution of the 2‐amino group causes change in activity.
Controlled Fabrication of Photoactive Copper Oxide–Cobalt Oxide Nanowire Heterostructures for Efficient Phenol Photodegradation (2012)

Fabrication of oxide nanowire heterostructures with controlled morphology, interface, and phase purity is critical for high-efficiency and low-cost photocatalysis. Here, we have studied the formation of copper oxide-cobalt nanowire heterostructures by sputtering and subsequent air annealing to result in cobalt oxide (Co(3)O(4))-coated CuO nanowires. This approach allowed fabrication of standing nanowire heterostructures with tunable compositions and morphologies. The vertically standing CuO nanowires were synthesized in a thermal growth method. The shell growth kinetics of Co and Co(3)O(4) on CuO nanowires, morphological evolution of the shell, and nanowire self-shadowing effects were found to be strongly dependent on sputtering duration, air-annealing conditions, and alignment of CuO nanowires. Finite element method (FEM) analysis indicated that alignment and stiffness of CuO-Co nanowire heterostructures greatly influenced the nanomechanical aspects such as von Mises equivalent stress distribution and bending of nanowire heterostructures during the Co deposition process. This fundamental knowledge was critical for the morphological control of Co and Co(3)O(4) on CuO nanowires with desired interfaces and a uniform coating. Band gap energies and phenol photodegradation capability of CuO-Co(3)O(4) nanowire heterostructures were studied as a function of Co(3)O(4) morphology. Multiple absorption edges and band gap tailings were observed for these heterostructures, indicating photoactivity from visible to UV range. A polycrystalline Co(3)O(4) shell on CuO nanowires showed the best photodegradation performance (efficiency ~50-90%) in a low-powered UV or visible light illumination with a sacrificial agent (H(2)O(2)). An anomalously high efficiency (~67.5%) observed under visible light without sacrificial agent for CuO nanowires coated with thin (∼5.6 nm) Co(3)O(4) shell and nanoparticles was especially interesting. Such photoactive heterostructures demonstrate unique sacrificial agent-free, robust, and efficient photocatalysts promising for organic decontamination and environmental remediation.
Rate-distortion optimization of a tone mapping with SDR quality constraint for backward-compatible high dynamic range compression (2016)

This paper addresses the problem of designing a global tone mapping operator for rate-distortion optimized backward compatible compression of HDR images. We consider a two layer coding scheme in which a base SDR layer is coded with HEVC, inverse tone mapped and subtracted from the input HDR signal to yield the enhancement HDR layer. The tone mapping curve design is formulated as the minimization of the distortion on the reconstructed HDR signal under the constraint of a total rate cost on both layers, while preserving a good quality for the SDR signal. We first demonstrate that the optimum tone mapping function only depends on the rate of the base SDR layer and that the minimization problem can be separated in two consecutive minimization steps. Experimental results show that the proposed tone mapping optimization yields the best trade-off between rate-distortion performance and quality preservation of the coded SDR.
Discovery of a Non-Estrogenic Irreversible Inhibitor of 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 from 3-Substituted-16β-(<i>m</i>-carbamoylbenzyl)-estradiol Derivatives (2013)

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (17β-HSD1) is thought to play a pivotal role in the progression of estrogen-sensitive breast cancer by transforming estrone (E1) into estradiol (E2). We designed three successive series of E2-derivatives at position C3 of the potent inhibitor 16β-(m-carbamoylbenzyl)-E2 to remove its unwanted estrogenic activity. We report the chemical synthesis and characterization of 20 new E2-derivatives, their evaluation as 17β-HSD1 inhibitors, and their proliferative (estrogenic) activity on estrogen-sensitive cells. The structure-activity relationship study provided a new potent and steroidal nonestrogenic inhibitor of 17β-HSD1 named 3-{[(16β,17β)-3-(2-bromoethyl)-17-hydroxyestra-1(10),2,4-trien-16-yl]methyl}benzamide (23b). In fact, this compound inhibited the transformation of E1 into E2 by 17β-HSD1 in T-47D cells (IC50 = 83 nM), did not inhibit 17β-HSD2, 17β-HSD7, 17β-HSD12, and CYP3A4, and did not stimulate the proliferation of estrogen-sensitive MCF-7 cells. We also discussed the results of kinetic and molecular modeling (docking) experiments, suggesting that compound 23b is a competitive and irreversible inhibitor of 17β-HSD1.
Site-specific genomic targeting in<i>Drosophila</i> (2005)

Transcriptional regulation of transgenes depends upon genomic localization in higher eukaryotes. For the applied use of transgenic organisms as producers of pharmaceutically relevant proteins or as pest population control agents, a method to make transgene expression predictable is highly desirable. A targeting method that allows precise cassette replacement comprising solely genes of interest (without extraneous donor vector sequences) would be highly advantageous for insects and other multicellular organisms. In this report, we describe a method for transgene targeting to predefined chromosomal sites in Drosophila by using a transposon vector that, once integrated in the germ line, acts as an acceptor site for donor vectors. To make recombinational insertions irreversible, a FLP recombinase-mediated cassette exchange strategy was used, and to enhance donor-target pairing, a homing sequence from the linotte locus was used. Site-specific recombinants were screened by interconvertible eye fluorescence marker phenotypes yielding, on average, targeted insertions at a frequency of 23%. The cassette exchange system provides for repetitive integrations into the same locus, allowing comparative analysis of true transgenic alleles. Furthermore, this method was used to stabilize a targeted transgene by the postintegration excision of putatively mobile transposon sequences. The genomic targeting and stabilization strategy described for Drosophila should be applicable to other insects, specifically for the goals of optimizing heterologous protein expression and enhancing ecological safety of transgenic strains intended for release in biocontrol programs.
Rational design of 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]benzamides as class III antiarrhythmic agents (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRational design of 4-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]benzamides as class III antiarrhythmic agentsWilliam C. Lumma Jr., Ronald A. Wohl, David D. Davey, Thomas M. Argentieri, Robert J. DeVita, Robert P. Gomez, Vijay K. Jain, Anthony J. Marisca, Thomas K. Morgan Jr., and Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1987, 30, 5, 755–758Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00388a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00388a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Adaptive, Model-Based Monitoring and Threat Detection (2002)

We explore the suitability of model-based probabilistic techniques, such as Bayes networks, to the field of intrusion detection and alert report correlation. We describe a network intrusion detection system (IDS) using Bayes inference, wherein the knowledge base is encoded not as rules but as conditional probability relations between observables and hypotheses of normal and malicious usage. The same high-performance Bayes inference library was employed in a component of the Mission-Based Correlation effort, using an initial knowledge base that adaptively learns the security administrator's preference for alert priority and rank. Another major effort demonstrated probabilistic techniques in heterogeneous sensor correlation. We provide results for simulated attack data, live traffic, and the CyberPanel Grand Challenge Problem. Our results establish that model-based probabilistic techniques are an important complementary capability to signature-based methods in detection and correlation.
Specific probiotics in reducing the risk of acute infections in infancy – a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (2008)

A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted to determine whether probiotics might be effective in reducing the risk of infections in infancy. Infants requiring formula before the age of 2 months were recruited from community well-baby clinics. Infant formula supplemented with the probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 or placebo was administered daily until the age of 12 months. Incidence of early infections (before the age of 7 months) and incidence of recurrent (three or more) infections during the first year of life were recorded as the main outcome measures of the study. During the first 7 months of life, seven out of thirty-two (22 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty out of forty (50 %) infants receiving placebo experienced acute otitis media (risk ratio (RR) 0.44 (95 % CI 0.21, 0.90); P = 0.014) and antibiotics were prescribed for ten out of thirty-two (31 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-four out of forty (60 %) infants receiving placebo (RR 0.52 (95 % CI 0.29, 0.92); P = 0.015). During the first year of life, nine out of thirty-two (28 %) infants receiving probiotics and twenty-two out of forty (55 %) infants receiving placebo encountered recurrent respiratory infections (RR 0.51 (95 % CI 0.27, 0.95); P = 0.022). These data suggest that probiotics may offer a safe means of reducing the risk of early acute otitis media and antibiotic use and the risk of recurrent respiratory infections during the first year of life. Further clinical trials are warranted.
Fitting smooth surfaces to dense polygon meshes (1996)

Recent progress in acquiring shape from range data permits the acquisition of seamless million-polygon meshes from physical models. In this paper, we present an algorithm and system for converting dense irregular polygon meshes of arbitrary topology into tensor product B-spline surface patches with accompanying displacement maps. This choice of representation yields a coarse but efficient model suitable for animation and a fine but more expensive model suitable for rendering.
pH-Induced Conformational Changes in <i>Clostridium difficile</i> Toxin B (2000)

Toxin B from Clostridium difficile is a monoglucosylating toxin that targets substrates within the cytosol of mammalian cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of acidic pH on cytosolic entry and structural changes within toxin B. Bafilomycin A1 was used to block endosomal acidification and subsequent toxin B translocation. Cytopathic effects could be completely blocked by addition of bafilomycin A1 up to 20 min following toxin treatment. Furthermore, providing a low extracellular pH could circumvent the effect of bafilomycin A1 and other lysosomotropic agents. Acid pH-induced structural changes were monitored by using the fluorescent probe 2-(p-toluidinyl) naphthalene-6-sulfonic acid, sodium salt (TNS), inherent tryptophan fluorescence, and relative susceptibility to a specific protease. As the toxin was exposed to lower pH there was an increase in TNS fluorescence, suggesting the exposure of hydrophobic domains by toxin B. The change in hydrophobicity appeared to be reversible, since returning the pH to neutrality abrogated TNS fluorescence. Furthermore, tryptophan fluorescence was quenched at the acidic pH, indicating that domains may have been moving into more aqueous environments. Toxin B also demonstrated variable susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease at neutral and acidic pH, further suggesting pH-induced structural changes in this protein.
On-Chip Spectrum Analyzer for Analog Built-In Self Test (2005)

This paper presents the design of an on-chip spectrum analyzer. A novel architecture is used to mitigate the problems encountered in trying to implement architectures employed in conventional stand-alone instruments on a chip. Specifically, it makes use of a very-low IF architecture, which leads to a highly compact design, that can be used for measuring the frequency content of high frequency on-chip signals. The architecture and design considerations along with an implementation in a 0.18 /spl mu/ CMOS process is described. The design takes up an area of approximately 0.384 mm/sup 2/ with a simulated frequency range of 33 MHz to 3 GHz and a dynamic range of 60 dB.
DIMSUMNet: New Directions in Wireless Networking Using Coordinated Dynamic Spectrum Access (2005)

The new paradigm of dynamic spectrum access (DSA) networks aims to provide opportunistic access to large parts of the underutilized spectrum. The majority of research in this area has focused on free-for-all, uncoordinated access methods common in ad-hoc military applications (Horne, W. 2003; Leaves, P. et al., 2002; Lehr, W. et al., 2002; Schafer, D.J.; To/spl uml/njes, R., 2002). We argue that a simpler pragmatic approach that offers coordinated, spatially aggregated spectrum access via a regional spectrum broker is more attractive in the immediate future. We first introduce two new concepts, coordinated access band (CAB) and statistically multiplexed access (SMA), to the spectrum. We describe their implementation in the new DIMSUMnet (dynamic intelligent management of spectrum for ubiquitous mobile-access network) architecture consisting of four elements: base stations; clients; a radio access network manager (RAN-MAN) that obtains spectrum leases; a per-domain spectrum broker that controls spectrum access. We also discuss in detail various issues in the design of spectrum brokers and spectrum allocation policies and algorithms.
Theoretical Treatment of Asphaltene Gradients in the Presence of GOR Gradients (2010)

The modeling of hydrocarbon fluids in oil-field reservoirs is essential for optimizing production. In particular, the often large compositional variations of reservoir crude oils must be understood and modeled. The two most important chemical constituents that govern many chemical and physical properties of subsurface reservoir crude oils are the dissolved gas content, described by the gas−oil ratio (GOR), and the asphaltene content. The modeling of GOR variations of crude oils in reservoirs has been practiced routinely for many decades. However, proper modeling of the asphaltenes and/or heavy ends of reservoir crude oils has been precluded because of the lack of understanding of the chemical and physical properties of asphaltenes in crude oils. Recently, the modified Yen model has codified advances in asphaltene science by providing a framework for understanding the molecular and colloidal structure of asphaltenes in crude oils. Here, a thermodynamic model of asphaltenes in reservoir crude oils is developed that can incorporate the modified Yen model and thus can be used to treat reservoir crude oils. Our objective is to analyze the distribution of reservoir fluids, in particular the asphaltenes. This deviates from most previous studies of asphaltene thermodynamics, which were focused on the phase behavior of asphaltenes. Here, compositional gradients of asphaltenes, as well as the GOR of reservoir crude oils, are analyzed. Asphaltene gradients are shown to be strongly affected by both gravity and solubility. The latter effect is heavily dependent on the dissolved gas content of the reservoir crude oil. Case studies are provided that exhibit the power of this modeling.
2-Benzazepines. 5. Synthesis of pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepines and their evaluation as anxiolytic agents (1983)

A series of 5H-pyrimido[5,4-d][2]benzazepines has been synthesized, starting from the corresponding 2-benzazepin-5-ones, and evaluated as potential anxiolytic agents. Selected compounds from this series show a pharmacological profile of action different than that of diazepam. They are more potent than diazepam in the anti-pentylenetetrazole test and in the [3H]diazepam binding assay, yet show less activity in the inclined screen test. A pharmacological data profile is given for 9-chloro-7-(2-chlorophenyl)-5H-pyrimido[5,4-d] [2]benzazepine (7c). The structure-activity relationships of these potential anxiolytic agents are discussed.
A InGaN/GaN quantum dot green (λ=524 nm) laser (2011)

The characteristics of self-organized InGaN/GaN quantum dot lasers are reported. The laser heterostructures were grown on c-plane GaN substrates by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and the laser facets were formed by focused ion beam etching with gallium. Emission above threshold is characterized by a peak at 524 nm (green) and linewidth of 0.7 nm. The lowest measured threshold current density is 1.2 kA/cm2 at 278 K. The slope and wall plug efficiencies are 0.74 W/A and ∼1.1%, respectively, at 1.3 kA/cm2. The value of T0=233 K in the temperature range of 260–300 K.
Precise GNSS Positioning in Arctic Regions (2014)

Abstract For precise positioning in arctic regions with Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as GPS and Glonass, there are a number of issues to be resolved or taken into account. The most important ones are satellite geometry, ionospheric effects and distribution of correction data. Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is currently the standard for precise offshore positioning. PPP requires a sparse global network of GNSS reference stations to estimate precise satellite orbit and clock parameters in real-time. These parameters are transmitted to users, who can compute their position with an accuracy of 0.1 m using code and carrier observations. The main disadvantage of PPP is that in general it takes a long time to converge to this accuracy, about 30–45 minutes. GNSS carrier observations are similar to pseudo ranges, but have an additional bias which needs to be estimated. Under certain conditions, these biases are integer. This property is used in what is generally referred to as Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning, a technique which uses corrections generated at reference stations to make sure these ambiguities are integer. Integer Ambiguity Resolution (IAR) results in RTK accuracies of 0.01–0.03 m or better and short convergence times, ranging from instantaneous to several minutes for long inter-station distances. The disadvantage is the limited area of applicability, because RTK in general does not use precise orbits and clocks. Current research focuses on the combination of PPP and RTK techniques. The main goal is to achieve cm accuracy with a sparse network of reference stations. Another goal is to reduce convergence time. Applications are in the field of precise real-time offshore positioning in general, and subsidence monitoring and tidal estimation in particular. Results will be presented from standard PPP and PPP combined with IAR for arctic regions and from a test bed in the Gulf of Mexico. These results, although preliminary, indicate centimeter level accuracy is indeed possible, also in the arctic. We will also look at further improvements, mainly in convergence time, using all operational satellites and signals from current and future navigation systems.
Obscurins: Giant proteins with tumor suppressing activities in breast cancer (2012)

Obscurins (~70–870 kDa) are cytoskeletal proteins originally identified in striated muscles where they hold structural and regulatory roles. Recently, analysis of 13,023 genes in breast and colorectal cancers identified OBSCN as one of the most frequently mutated genes, implicating it in cancer formation and progression. Herein, we studied the expression profile of obscurins in breast, colon and skin cancer cell lines, and their involvement in cell growth. Immunoblot analysis demonstrated significant reduction of obscurin proteins in cancer cell lines. MCF10A breast epithelial cells treated with shRNAs targeting obscurins exhibited significantly increased survival and reduced apoptosis accompanied by moderate anchorage independent growth, following exposure to the DNA damaging agent etoposide. Quantitative RT‐PCR indicated that the anti‐apoptotic genes Bag‐4 and HAX‐1 were up‐regulated in MCF10A obscurin‐null cells, whereas initiator caspase‐9 and death caspase‐3 transcripts were down‐regulated. Our findings are the first to pinpoint critical roles for obscurins in cancer development by contributing to the regulation of cell survival and apoptosis.
Reflectance confocal microscopy of red blood cells: simulation and experiment (2015)

Measuring the morphology of red blood cells is important for clinical diagnosis, providing valuable indications on a patient's health. In this work, we have simulated the appearance of normal red blood cells under a reflectance confocal microscope and discovered unique relations between the morphological parameters and the resulting characteristic interference patterns of the cell. The simulation results showed good agreement with in vitro reflectance confocal images of red blood cells, acquired using spectrally encoded flow cytometry that imaged the cells in a linear flow without artificial staining. By matching the simulated patterns to confocal images of the cells, this method could be used for measuring cell morphology in three dimensions and for studying their physiology.