gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac Cell-Based Therapy: Cell Types and Mechanisms of Actions (2007)

Over the past decade, the concept that the heart could undergo cardiac regeneration has rapidly evolved. Studies have indicated that numerous sites in the body harbor stem or progenitor cells, prompting clinical trials of these potential therapeutic cell-based approaches. Most notable are the series of trials utilizing either skeletal myoblasts or autologous whole bone marrow. More recently the quest has focused on specific bone marrow constituents, most notably the mesenchymal stem cell, which has several unique advantages including immunoprivilege, immunosuppression, and the ability to home to areas of tissue injury. Most recently, cells have been identified within the heart itself that are capable of self-replication and differentiation. The discovery of cardiac stem cells offers not only a potential therapeutic approach but also provides a plausible target for endogenous activation as a therapeutic strategy. Together the new insights obtained from studies of cell-based cardiac therapy have ushered in new biological paradigms and enormous potential for novel therapeutic strategies for cardiac disease.
Balloon enteroclysis catheter (1984)

Pour eviter le reflux entero-gastrique au cours de l'enteroclyse on attache au haut distal du catheter un hallenet gonflable
Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative: A Proposal to Evaluate Presymptomatic Treatments as Quickly as Possible (2010)

Now is the time to launch the era of Alzheimer's disease (AD) prevention research, establish the methods and infrastructure to rapidly evaluate presymptomatic AD treatments and evaluate them rigorously and rapidly in randomized clinical trials. This article is a call to arms. It contends that the evaluation of presymptomatic AD treatments must become an urgent priority, it identifies what is holding us back and proposes new public policies and scientific strategies to overcome these roadblocks. It defines the term 'presymptomatic AD treatment', notes the best established biomarkers of AD progression and pathology and suggests how they could be used to rapidly evaluate presymptomatic AD treatments in the people at risk. It introduces an approach to evaluate presymptomatic AD treatments in asymptomatic people at the highest risk of imminent clinical onset and determines the extent to which the treatment's biomarker predicts a clinical outcome. We propose an Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative, which is now being reviewed and refined in partnership with leading academic and industry investigators. It is intended to evaluate the most promising presymptomatic AD treatments, help develop a regulatory pathway for their accelerated approval using reasonably likely surrogate end points and find demonstrably effective presymptomatic AD treatments as quickly as possible.
Antifungal Drug Discovery: The Process and Outcomes (2014)

New data suggest that the global incidence of several types of fungal diseases have traditionally been under-documented. Of these, mortality caused by invasive fungal infections remains disturbingly high, equal to or exceeding deaths caused by drug-resistant tuberculosis and malaria. It is clear that basic research on new antifungal drugs, vaccines and diagnostic tools is needed. In this review, we focus upon antifungal drug discovery including in vitro assays, compound libraries and approaches to target identification. Genome mining has made it possible to identify fungal-specific targets; however, new compounds to these targets are apparently not in the antimicrobial pipeline. We suggest that 'repurposing' compounds (off patent) might be a more immediate starting point. Furthermore, we examine the dogma on antifungal discovery and suggest that a major thrust in technologies such as structural biology, homology modeling and virtual imaging is needed to drive discovery.
Towards an incoherent off-axis digital holographic microscope (2015)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a system in which off-axis digital holographic microscopy is realized using a broadband illumination source. Single-shot holographic measurements are enabled, while the coherence noise is removed thanks to the broad bandwidth of the illuminating source. The proposed digital holographic camera is portable and can be attached to the camera port of a conventional optical microscope. This camera is capable of obtaining the complex wavefront i.e the intensity and phase information of the light transmitted or reflected from a sample. A combination of a thick transmission volume grating recorded holographically into thick photosensitive glass and thin transmission phase gratings recorded holographically into thin photopolymers, spatially filters the beam of light containing the sample information in two dimensions through diffraction. This filtered beam creates the reference arm of the interferometer. The untouched transmitted beam creates the sample arm of the interferometer. The spatial filtering performed by the combination of gratings above reduces the alignment spatial sensitivity which is an advantage over conventional spatial filtering done by pinholes. Besides, using a second thin grating, we introduce a desired coherence plane tilt in the reference beam which is sufficient to create high-visibility interference over the entire field of view in off-axis configuration. Full-field off-axis interferograms are thus created from which the phase information can be extracted.
Constrained Analogs of Osteogenic Peptides (2004)

Osteogenic peptides are, or have potential to be, therapies for the treatment of osteoporosis, fracture repair, and repair of loosened bone implants. Human parathyroid hormone has been approved for the treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis. Constrained analogs of PTH and the parathyroid-hormone related peptide (PTHrP) have aided the understanding of how PTH and PTHrP bind to their common receptor and some of these analogs have improved properties that make them possible candidates for clinical trial. Cyclization by lactam formation has shown that a core region of human PTH (hPTH) from residues 16-26 binds as an alpha-helix to the receptor and that the biological effects are remarkably sensitive to ring size. Appropriate cyclization in this region of the molecule not only has yielded analogs with improved receptor activation but also ones less susceptible to protease degradation and thus more active in vivo. Cyclization has been less successful in the N-terminus region, residues 1-12, of hPTH(1-34) with only a cyclization between residues 6 and 10 showing some promise. The growing understanding of how this region binds to the receptor will lead to other productive constraints. This review also covers the potential of a different class of molecule, the osteogenic growth peptide (OPG), as an anabolic bone agent. These molecules have much weaker anabolic effects than PTH and cyclization does not result in improved activity. However, the information gained from these studies may yield analogs with better pharmacological profiles.
Rapid avatar capture and simulation using commodity depth sensors (2014)

ABSTRACT We demonstrate a method of acquiring a 3D model of a human using commodity scanning hardware and then controlling that 3D figure in a simulated environment in only a few minutes. The model acquisition requires four static poses taken at 90° angles relative to each other. The 3D model is then given a skeleton and smooth binding information necessary for control and simulation. The 3D models that are captured are suitable for use in applications where recognition and distinction among characters by shape, form, or clothing is important, such as small group or crowd simulations or other socially oriented applications. Because of the speed at which a human figure can be captured and the low hardware requirements, this method can be used to capture, track, and model human figures as their appearances change over time. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of molecular adsorber coatings (2010)

As mission, satellite, and instrument performance requirements become more advanced, the need to control adverse onorbit molecular contamination is more critical. Outgassed materials within the spacecraft have the potential to degrade performance of optical surfaces, thermal control surfaces, solar arrays, electronics, and detectors. One method for addressing the outgassing of materials is the use of molecular adsorbers. On Goddard Space Flight Center missions such as Hubble Space Telescope (HST), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), and SWIFT, Zeolite-coated cordierite molecular adsorbers were successfully used to collect and retain outgassed molecular effluent emanating from spacecraft materials, protecting critical contamination sensitive surfaces. However, the major drawbacks of these puck type adsorbers are weight, size, and mounting hardware requirements, making them difficult to incorporate into spacecraft designs. To address these concerns, a novel molecular adsorber coating was developed to alleviate the size and weight issues while providing a configuration that more projects can utilize, particularly contamination sensitive instruments. This successful sprayable molecular adsorber coating system demonstrated five times the adsorption capacity of previously developed adsorber coating slurries. The molecular adsorber formulation was refined and a procedure for spray application was developed. Samples were spray coated and tested for capacity, thermal optical/radiative properties, coating adhesion, and thermal cycling. The tested formulation passes coating adhesion and vacuum thermal cycling tests between +140 and -115C. Thermal radiative properties are very promising. Work performed during this study indicates that the molecular adsorber formulation can be applied to aluminum, stainless steel, or other metal substrates that can accept silicate coatings.
A new technique for the restoration of low resolution text images (2007)

Many problems in security and surveillance require the resolution expansion of a captured image. This paper introduces a new system for expanding the resolution of text images. The system inputs are single instances of low resolution text images which must be restored and transformed into data readable text. To achieve acceptable results, such systems require a robust restoration subsystem. The sub-system proposed in this paper creates a bimodal image which favors polygonal representations, consistent with the characteristics of scripts of most non-cursive languages. The resolution expanded image is generated by iteratively solving a non linear optimization equation in the Radon domain with the imposition of image domain constraints. To the best of our knowledge, the idea of Radon domain restoration is new.
A Robotic System for Real-time Tumor Manipulation During Image guided Breast Biopsy (2007)

Breast biopsy guided by imaging techniques such as ultrasound is widely used to evaluate suspicious masses within the breast. Currently, ultrasound imaging does not allow live guidance during breast biopsy. The current procedure allows the physician to determine the location and extent of a tumor in the patient breast before inserting the needle. However, there are several problems with this procedure: the complex interaction dynamics between the needle force and the breast tissue will likely displace the tumor from its original position necessitating multiple insertions, causing surgeons' fatigue, and compromising the structural integrity of the tissue specimen. In this work, we present a new concept for real-time manipulation of a tumor using a robotic force controller that monitors the image of the tumor to generate appropriate force to position the tumor at a desired location. The idea here is to demonstrate that it is possible to manipulate a tumor in real-time by applying controlled external force in an automated way such that the tumor does not deviate from the path of the needle. A laboratory experiment has been presented on a phantom that demonstrates the essence of this concept. The success of this approach has the potential to reduce the number of attempts a surgeon makes to capture the desired tissue specimen, minimize tissue damage, improve speed of biopsy, and reduce patient discomfort.
Genetic Determinants of Hearing Loss Associated With Vestibular Schwannomas (2009)

This study identified several molecular alterations in VSs stratified by hearing. These alterations may determine the severity of HL associated with VSs and may represent potential therapeutic targets to prevent or reduce HL in theses patients.
Self-heating–induced healing of lithium dendrites (2018)

Lithium (Li) metal electrodes are not deployable in rechargeable batteries because electrochemical plating and stripping invariably leads to growth of dendrites that reduce coulombic efficiency and eventually short the battery. It is generally accepted that the dendrite problem is exacerbated at high current densities. Here, we report a regime for dendrite evolution in which the reverse is true. In our experiments, we found that when the plating and stripping current density is raised above ~9 milliamperes per square centimeter, there is substantial self-heating of the dendrites, which triggers extensive surface migration of Li. This surface diffusion heals the dendrites and smoothens the Li metal surface. We show that repeated doses of high-current-density healing treatment enables the safe cycling of Li-sulfur batteries with high coulombic efficiency.
Molecular characterization of a human scavenger receptor, human MARCO (2000)

Murine MARCO has been identified recently in subsets of macrophages located in the peritoneum, marginal zone of the spleen, and the medullary cord of lymph nodes, where it has been proposed that it serves as a bacteria-binding receptor. A scavenger receptor family member with an extended collagenous domain, murine MARCO has also been demonstrated in atherosclerotic lesions of susceptible mice. We report here the identification, tissue and chromosomal localization, and pharmacological characterization of human (h)MARCO. hMARCO was identified from a macrophage cDNA library by electronic screening with the murine MARCO sequence. Nucleotide sequence analysis confirmed that the full-length hMARCO clone encoded a 519-amino acid protein sharing 68.5% identity with murine MARCO. RNA blot analysis indicated that the hMARCO transcript is 2.0 kb in length and is predominantly expressed in human lung, liver, and lymph nodes. Radiation hybrid mapping localized hMARCO to chromosome 2q14. Ligand-binding studies of COS cells expressing hMARCO demonstrated significant specific binding of both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the hMARCO receptor expressed in COS cells did not specifically bind the scavenger receptor ligand acetylated low-density lipoprotein (LDL), despite its similarity to the elongated collagen-like binding domain of the macrophage scavenger receptor. In addition, acetylated (Ac)LDL and oxidized (Ox)LDL did not inhibit E. coli binding to hMARCO. These data suggest that hMARCO may play an important role in host defense, but it has no obvious role in the accumulation of modified lipoproteins during atherogenesis.
Materials for an Updatable Holographic 3D Display (2010)

Holography is a powerful technique for providing high-resolution, realistic three-dimensional (3D) images without the need for special eyewear. A material that takes full advantage of the potential of holography, including updatability, has not existed. Here, the first updatable holographic 3D display based on a photorefractive polymer is summarized. The performance characteristics of these materials are measured, and how they relate to the development of additional display enhancements such as pulsed writing, white light viewing, and large viewing angle, are discussed.
A distributed algorithm for multipath computation (2003)

Today's Internet routing protocols either provide a single path between each source-destination pair, or multiple paths of equal length. Furthermore, the paths provided by RIP and OSPF are not free of loops during times of network transition. Single-path routing algorithms are inherently slow in responding to congestion and temporary traffic bursts; consequently, the delays experienced by packets in these networks are far from optimal. Recently, we developed a framework for designing routing algorithms that offer "near-optimal" delays; a key component In this framework consists of using a fast responsive routing protocol that builds multipaths for each destination in the computer network, such that they are loop-free at all times. This paper studies the performance of MPATH (multipath routing algorithm) by simulation and compares it against the performance of other state-of the-art routing algorithms.
A Timing-Dependent Power Estimation Framework Considering Coupling (2009)

In this paper, a timing-dependent dynamic power estimation framework that considers the impact of coupling in combinational circuits is proposed. Relative switching activities and delays of coupled interconnects significantly affect dynamic power dissipation in parasitic coupling capacitances (coupling power). To enable capturing the switching and timing dependence, detailed switching distributions and timing information are essential in accurate estimation of dynamic power consumption. An approach to efficiently represent and propagate switching and timing distributions through circuits is developed. Based on propagated switching and timing distributions, power consumption in coupling capacitances is accurately calculated. Experimental results using ISCAS'85 benchmarks demonstrate that ignoring timing dependence of coupling power consumption can cause up to 25% error in dynamic power estimation (corresponding to 59% error in coupling power estimation).
Enhanced pharmacokinetic performance of dapoxetine hydrochloride via the formulation of instantly-dissolving buccal films with acidic pH modifier and hydrophilic cyclodextrin: Factorial analysis, in vitro and in vivo assessment (2020)

Instantly dissolving buccal films have gained attention owing to their easy administration and capability to surmount the hepatic first pass effect of drugs. Dapoxetine hydrochloride (DPX) has a low oral bioavailability due to significant hepatic first pass metabolism. In addition, DPX is a weakly basic drug with a pH dependent solubility that could limit its dissolution in the body neutral fluids. In order to surpass these challenges, this work aimed at enhancing DPX bioavailability via the formulation of instantly dissolving buccal films comprising a pH modifier and a hydrophilic cyclodextrin. Tartaric acid and hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin were selected as dual solubilizing agents based on the screening study. 3<sup>2</sup> factorial design was employed for the formulation and optimization of DPX films. Statistical analysis revealed that hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose E5: maltodextrin ratio and propylene glycol concentrations have significant effects on mechanical properties, percent DPX dissolved after 5 min, and <i>in vivo</i> mouth dissolving time at <b><i>P</i></b> < 0.05. The optimized film [HPMC E5: MDX, 1:1 and 1% PG] showed no significant change of properties or drug dissolution upon storage at 40 °C/75% RH for a period of 3 months. In addition, the optimized film showed significantly enhanced absorption relative to the oral reference tablet. Therefore, the optimized film could be considered a promising delivery system for DPX with expected improved patient compliance and enhanced pharmacokinetic performance.
Geometric calibration of the circle-plus-arc trajectory (2007)

In this paper, a novel geometric calibration method for C-arm cone-beam scanners is presented which allows the calibration of the circle-plus-arc trajectory. The main idea is the separation of the trajectory into two circular segments (circle segment and arc segment) which are calibrated independently. This separation makes it possible to reuse a calibration phantom which has been successfully applied in clinical environments to calibrate numerous routinely used C-arm systems. For each trajectory segment, the phantom is placed in an optimal position. The two calibration results are then combined by computing the transformation the phantom underwent between the independent calibration runs. This combination can be done in a post-processing step by using standard linear algebra. The method is not limited to circle-plus-arc trajectories and works for any calibration procedure in which the phantom has a preferred orientation with respect to a trajectory segment. Results are presented for both simulated as well as real data acquired with a C-arm system. We also present the first image reconstruction results for the circle-plus-arc trajectory using real C-arm data.
Dialog-based Interactive Image Retrieval (2018)

Existing methods for interactive image retrieval have demonstrated the merit of integrating user feedback, improving retrieval results. However, most current systems rely on restricted forms of user feedback, such as binary relevance responses, or feedback based on a fixed set of relative attributes, which limits their impact. In this paper, we introduce a new approach to interactive image search that enables users to provide feedback via natural language, allowing for more natural and effective interaction. We formulate the task of dialog-based interactive image retrieval as a reinforcement learning problem, and reward the dialog system for improving the rank of the target image during each dialog turn. To mitigate the cumbersome and costly process of collecting human-machine conversations as the dialog system learns, we train our system with a user simulator, which is itself trained to describe the differences between target and candidate images. The efficacy of our approach is demonstrated in a footwear retrieval application. Experiments on both simulated and real-world data show that 1) our proposed learning framework achieves better accuracy than other supervised and reinforcement learning baselines and 2) user feedback based on natural language rather than pre-specified attributes leads to more effective retrieval results, and a more natural and expressive communication interface.
A novel dissolve oxygen control method based on fuzzy neural network (2017)

In the wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs), the oxygen transfer is a nonlinear and large time-delay process, which makes the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration difficult to control. In this paper, a novel kind of control method based on fuzzy neural network (FNN) is proposed for controlling DO concentration. The parameters of the neural network were adjusted online through the gradient descent algorithm to get the minimum error. Finally, the simulation results in Benchmark Simulation Model No.1 (BSM1) show that the proposed fuzzy neural network controller has better adaptability than some other existing methods.