gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theory of concave gratings based on a recursive definition of facet positions (1996)

A general theory for concave gratings is presented that is based on a recursion formula for the facet positions and that differs from previous theories that are based on a power-series expansion of the light path function. In the recursion formula approach the facet positions are determined from a numerical solution for the roots of two constraint functions. Facet positions are determined in sequence, starting from the grating pole. One constraint function may be chosen to give a stigmatic point. A variety of grating designs are discussed, including a design that cannot be generated with the power-series approach.
Design and Implementation of Adaptive Multi-Tap Analog Interference Canceller (2019)

Due to the severity of self-interferences, analog interference canceller is an essential part of a full duplex radio system. As the self-interference can potentially be even much stronger than the received signal, it must be meritoriously suppressed before analog-to-digital conversion. This paper is aimed to provide an optimal radio frequency domain multi-tap interference cancellation design. To this end, the following two key problems are addressed: the hardware design problem and the adaptive weight adjusting problem. For optimal hardware design, a trade-off between widening effective delay range and maximizing the minimum cancellation capability is formulated. The principles and guidelines for optimal solution and hardware parameter design are derived. We also formulate adaptive weight adjusting as a multi-dimensional optimization problem, which is proved to be non-convex while adjusting the attenuators and phase shifters independently. By using a coordinate transformation technique, it is then converted into a convex optimization problem, and a convergent iterative algorithm based on the gradient descent method is applied to obtain the global optimum. The hardware implementation and experimental results substantiated the effectiveness of the proposed principles and algorithms.
Antimicrobial defences in the wood of living trees (1996)

summary The wood (xylem) in a living tree is protected from microbial attack by the secondary plant surface (periderm and rhytidome), which provides an effective barrier preventing the entry of most potential pathogens, and by constitutive and induced defence mechanisms in the bark (cortex and phloem). Although a few pathogens are able To penetrate these outer tissues directly, most xylem pathogens gain entry through wounds that expose this tissue and render it more vulnerable to attack. In functional sapwood, microbial colonization might be restricted by active defence mechanisms, or by passive microenvironmental restriction consequent upon the high water content and low availability of O 2 in healthy conductive xylem. These factors are not mutually exclusive: indeed, they may operate in concert in many host‐pathogen interactions. Sapwood lesions made by wood‐decaying fungi are characteristically bounded by multiccllular walls OT barrier zones (compartmentalization wall 4 barriers and reaction zones (column boundary layers)), which may function both as inhibitory or degradation‐resistant barriers to further pathogen spread, and as seals to maintain xylem function and prevent the drying and aeration that could predispose to further infection. A range of putative antimicrobial defence mechanisms contributing to the effectiveness of such barriers has been identified in sapwood tissues. This includes cell wall alterations, constitutive and induced antimicrobial compounds, necrotic responses of living cells and the deposition of gummy materials, often resinous or polyphenolic, at the host‐pathogen interface. Nutritional, environmental and anatomical features of living wood might also contribute to pathogen restriction. Although there might be differences in detail, the defences operating in gymnospenns and angiosperms are generally similar. Defence responses against a variety of pathogen categories also have much in common. Dynamic studies are crucial in elucidating the roles of the various components of the host‐pathogen interaction in the wood of living trees. A model for the protection and defence of xylem tissues in woody angiosperms is suggested, based largely upon results from dynamic studies of host‐pathogen interactions in the wood of sycamore ( Acer pseudoplatanus L.). CONTENTS Summary 203 I. Introduction 204 II. Xylem pathogens 205 III. Bark the first line of defence 206 IV. Defence in functional sapwood 207 V. Defence in heartwood 222 VI. Dynamic aspects of the host‐pathogen interaction in wood 223 VII. Genetic control of resistance in xylem tissues 224 VIII. Antimicrobial defence in the living xylem of trees: towards a consensus model 225 Acknowledgements 227 References 227
Effects of dietary fat and eggshell cuticle removal on egg water loss and embryo growth in broiler hatching eggs (1998)

The effects of dietary fat and eggshell cuticle removal on egg water loss, embryo growth, and hatchability were determined in eggs from broiler breeder hens at different ages. Hens were fed isocaloric diets containing one of three different types and levels of added fat. In addition, eggs were either left intact or washed to remove the eggshell cuticle prior to set. Cuticle removal increased egg water loss between 43 and 62 wk. Cuticle removal increased relative wet embryo weight at Week 52 and relative dry embryo weight at 52 and 62 wk. Furthermore, at 62 wk, diet and day of incubation interacted to affect wet embryo weight, and diet variably affected dry embryo weight. No treatment differences were observed for cumulative hatchability, rate of hatch, and relative yolk sac weight at Day 19 of incubation. It was concluded that cuticle removal and the addition of fat to breeder diets may influence embryonic growth without having any subsequent effects on hatchability.
INFERENTIAL THERAPY TO PROMOTE UNION OF MANDIBULAR FRACTURES (1979)

Non-union of mandibular fractures is uncommon, but when it does occur it requires protracted treatment including further surgery. Nine patients with factors known to predispose to non-union out of 150 consecutive mandibular fractures received interferential therapy (I.T.) during the fixation period; all fractures united satisfactorily. In a retrospective study of 150 consecutive mandibular fractures previously treated by the same surgeons without I.T., three fractures resulted in non-union requiring grafting. Thus the incidence of non-union was 0% when I.T. was used and 2% in the control group.
Interventionless Production Packer Setting Technique Reduces Completion Costs (2001)

Abstract Developing marginal petroleum fields or extending the life of mature fields becomes significantly more attractive when technology is available that can enhance cost efficiency and reduce operational and environmental risks. To support the above needs, a major oilfield equipment supplier has introduced an interventionless technique for setting production packers downhole that provides an alternative to conventional setting procedures. When applied to the proper scenarios, the costs relating to setting the packer can be substantially reduced. The system can be used for completions where the capability to set and retrieve a plug is deemed virtually impossible or when the use of wireline or coiled tubing tractors would be very costly and risky. Basically, the system reduces the intervention risks by eliminating the need for intervention. This paper will describe the system, its testing, and the structured approach that was applied throughout system development to enable the concept to materialize from its initial concept to a finished product. Using this technology, a packer can be set without using such traditional techniques as setting and retrieving plugs. In addition, no complicated tools or hazardous materials are required. The concept uses the hydrostatic pressure of the well to provide the energy supply to set the packer. The application of a predetermined surface pressure initiates the setting sequence and does not require electronics or special surface equipment. Two offshore North Sea case histories that will provide data that verifies the cost advantages provided to the operator when the hydrostatic-set packer system is used will be discussed. In fact, one of the wells in which this technology was used is the longest extended-reach horizontal subsea completion in the world to date.
Systems and methods for controlling energy use in a building management system using energy budgets (2023)

Systems and methods for limiting power consumption by a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) subsystem of a building are shown and described. A feedback controller is used to generate a manipulated variable based on an energy use setpoint and a measured energy use. The manipulated variable may be used for adjusting the operation of an HVAC device.
The Digital Reading Desk: A lightweight approach to digital note-taking (2012)

Attentive reading is a complex and cognitively demanding task that uses note-taking and annotation to support the reader's interpretation of the document. When reading on paper, extensive use of highlighting and other activities are conducted to support attentive reading, but this rich behaviour is not used with digital documents. Many users therefore print digital documents and then interact with them in physical form. This paper presents the "Digital Reading Desk," an enhanced digital reading environment that provides support for attentive reading, providing a large working space for notes that mimics the use of desk space in a conventional physical environment. The Reading Desk uses a single tool to support both annotation and bookmarking, simplifying both the user's learning of the system and their use of tools. Evaluation of the Reading Desk indicates preference for it, as well as considerable behavioural differences between our approach and traditional digital reading tools.
Intestinal superinfections in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (2011)

Intestinal superinfections may complicate the clinical picture of IBD patients, increasing the diagnostic and therapeutic burden. Appropriate early diagnostic and therapeutic measures are thus needed in these patients.
MULTIBAND HANDSET ANTENNA USING SLOTS ON THE GROUND PLANE: CONSIDERATIONS TO FACILITATE THE INTEGRATION OF THE FEEDING TRANSMISSION LINE (2009)

Technology and Intellectual Property Rights DepartmentFractusBarcelona, SpainS. KahngDepartment of Info. & Telecomm. Eng.University of IncheonIncheon, South KoreaAbstract—This research consists on a ground plane modiﬁcationusing slots of a PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) handsetantenna with the objective to facilitate the integration of thefeeding transmission line which connects the antenna with the RF-module. Through this technique it is possible to obtain a multibandantenna while keeping the same antenna geometry, small volume
Differential Release of Guinea Pig Sperm Acrosomal Components During Exocytosis1 (2001)

The contents of the sperm acrosome are compartmentalized at the biochemical and morphological levels. Biochemically, the acrosome can be considered to be comprised of two compartments: one consisting of readily soluble proteins and one containing a particulate acrosomal matrix. To test the hypothesis that compartmentalization affects the release of acrosomal components during the course of secretion in guinea pig sperm, we examined the relationship between the presence of specific proteins and acrosomal status and monitored the recovery of acrosomal constituents in the medium surrounding sperm induced to undergo exocytosis with the ionophore A23187. Cysteine-rich secretory protein 2 (CRISP-2), a soluble component of the acrosome, was rapidly lost from the acrosome soon after ionophore treatment. However, acrosomal matrix components remained associated with the sperm for longer periods. AM67, a matrix component and the guinea pig orthologue of the mouse sperm zona pellucida-binding protein sp56, was released at a slower rate than was CRISP-2 but at a faster rate than were two other matrix proteins, AM50 and proacrosin. Coincident with their release from the sperm, AM50 and proacrosin were posttranslationally modified, probably by proteolysis. The release of proacrosin from the matrix appears associated with the conversion of this protein to the enzymatically active acrosin protease. These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that compartmentalization plays a significant role in regulating the release of proteins during the course of acrosomal exocytosis. Acrosomal matrix proteins remain associated with the sperm for prolonged periods of time following the induction of acrosomal exocytosis, suggesting that transitional acrosomal intermediates may have significant functions in the fertilization process.
Scaling Vision Transformers (2022)

Attention-based neural networks such as the Vision Transformer (ViT) have recently attained state-of-the-art results on many computer vision benchmarks. Scale is a primary ingredient in attaining excellent results, therefore, understanding a model's scaling properties is a key to designing future generations effectively. While the laws for scaling Transformer language models have been studied, it is unknown how Vision Transformers scale. To address this, we scale ViT models and data, both up and down, and characterize the relationships between error rate, data, and compute. Along the way, we refine the architecture and training of ViT, reducing memory consumption and increasing accuracy of the resulting models. As a result, we successfully train a ViT model with two billion parameters, which attains a new state-of-the-art on ImageNet of 90.45% top-1 accuracy. The model also performs well for few-shot transfer, for example, reaching 84.86% top-1 accuracy on ImageNet with only 10 examples per class.
The Promoter of the Human Type I 5′‐Deiodinase Gene — Mapping of the Transcription Start Site and Identification of a DR+4 Thyroid‐Hormone‐Responsive Element (1997)

The selenoenzyme thyroxine 5'-deiodinase type I deiodinates the prohormone thyroxine to the active thyroid hormone 3,3',5-triiodothyronine. It is thus one of the key enzymes involved in the triiodothyronine-mediated control of growth, differentiation and basal metabolism in vertebrates. We report here the identification of the transcription start site and the cloning of 1500 bases of the upstream regulatory region of the human 5'-deiodinase gene. They contain a complex triiodothyronine-responsive element at nucleotides -696 to -673, consisting of an ideal direct repeat (DR) of two AGGTCA half-sites with a spacing of four nucleotides (DR+4) and a third putative AGTTCA half-site with a spacing of another two nucleotides (DR+2). The whole DR+4+2 specifically bound to thyroid hormone receptor and retinoid X receptor in electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The DR+4+2 mediates triiodothyronine-responsiveness in cotransfection experiments of constructs containing the 5'-deiodinase upstream promoter and enhancer region fused to luciferase or chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter genes with expression plasmids of thyroid hormone receptor subtypes. Also, an about 2.5-fold induction of the 5'-deiodinase-promoter-luciferase-reporter construct by all-trans retinoic acid was observed in a cotransfection assay with retinoic acid receptors. Point mutation analysis of the DR+4+2 type hormone-responsive element, however, revealed that it does not alone mediate the retinoic acid effect. The transcription start point of the 5'-deiodinase gene was mapped to nucleotides -23 and -24. No CAAT or TATA box is located within the usual distance to the transcription initiation site. Two GC boxes were found at nucleotides -68 to -63 and -39 to -34. Transfection analysis revealed that the proximal 105 nucleotides in the 5'-flanking region of the 5'-deiodinase gene act as a functional core promoter. This data indicates that triiodothyronine, the end product of thyroid hormone synthesis, positively regulates one of the key enzymes in its production.
Propagation Methods of Selected Horticultural Crops by Specialized Organs: Review (2017)

Horticultural crops are mostly reproduced by asexual methods of plant propagations to multiply their exact copy of selected clonal varieties even if the sexual propagation method has also practiced for different plants. This can be done naturally for those plants which are propagating by specialized organs or by human intervention for targeted propagation purposes. The Specialized plant organs are those plant parts which have used for storage of reserves and reproduction purposes. They reproduce by dividing and separating the organs from their mother plants and will have propagated to produce new clonal plants. Propagation by division is a form of plant propagation in which a group of plants or plant parts are cut or torn apart which each part of the divided plant contains one or more of the roots of the plant and a part of the stem of one or more stems. This method is commonly used for different economically important horticultural plants like Irish potato that reproduced by tuber, sweet potato by slips and/or vine cuttings, Ginger by Rhizome, Onion and Garlic by bulb and bulbils and Strawberry by runner. Also propagation by separation is common type in horticultural plant propagation method. It is form of asexual propagation in which easily detachable stems are severed from the mother plants and allowed to produce new plants. Different horticultural plants like Pine apple propagated by sucker crown and slip Enset by rhizome and Banana by sucker to produce their copy of new plants. In different field of horticultural crops propagation industry, identifying the appropriate plat parts that used for propagation and their methods of propagation are the basic important for plant propagators.
Towards efficient human machine speech communication (2005)

This research investigates the design and performance of the Speech Graffiti interface for spoken interaction with simple machines. Speech Graffiti is a standardized interface designed to address issues inherent in the current state-of-the-art in spoken dialog systems such as high word-error rates and the difficulty of developing natural language systems. This article describes the general characteristics of Speech Graffiti, provides examples of its use, and describes other aspects of the system such as the development toolkit. We also present results from a user study comparing Speech Graffiti with a natural language dialog system. These results show that users rated Speech Graffiti significantly better in several assessment categories. Participants completed approximately the same number of tasks with both systems, and although Speech Graffiti users often took more turns to complete tasks than natural language interface users, they completed tasks in slightly less time.
Frequency domain pre-equalization for MIMO broadband CDMA communication systems (2009)

In this paper, frequency domain pre-equalization at the base station is studied. Some different schemes are proposed and compared for single input single output (SISO) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) broadband code division multiple access (CDMA) systems. The proposed MIMO zero forcing pre-equalization scheme cancels completely the effect of the intersymbol interference (ISI) and provides a better performance than the other traditional schemes. Our simulation results show an appreciable performance improvement by using the proposed scheme with a very low complexity at the mobile unit.
Widespan Roof Structures (2000)

* Form and structure * Form and environment * Mezotecture and the Millennium Dome * Construction and materials * Sports stadia * Glass and fabric atria
Advances in optimizing recurrent networks (2013)

After a more than decade-long period of relatively little research activity in the area of recurrent neural networks, several new developments will be reviewed here that have allowed substantial progress both in understanding and in technical solutions towards more efficient training of recurrent networks. These advances have been motivated by and related to the optimization issues surrounding deep learning. Although recurrent networks are extremely powerful in what they can in principle represent in terms of modeling sequences, their training is plagued by two aspects of the same issue regarding the learning of long-term dependencies. Experiments reported here evaluate the use of clipping gradients, spanning longer time ranges with leaky integration, advanced momentum techniques, using more powerful output probability models, and encouraging sparser gradients to help symmetry breaking and credit assignment. The experiments are performed on text and music data and show off the combined effects of these techniques in generally improving both training and test error.
Mitochondrial myopathies (2006)

Defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain impair energy production and almost invariably involve skeletal muscle, causing exercise intolerance, cramps, recurrent myoglobinuria, or fixed weakness, which often affects extraocular muscles and results in droopy eyelids (ptosis) and progressive external ophthalmoplegia.
ACtivity-Oriented Petri Net for scheduling of resources (2012)

This work presents a new methodology for modeling discrete systems in which activities compete for resources. The new methodology known as Activity-Oriented Petri Net (AOPN) allows modelers to concentrate on modeling activities, and the resources are assumed to be managed by the underlying system; this approach allows compact and much simpler models even for large and complex systems. General Purpose Petri Net Simulator (GPenSIM) is a realization of AOPN methodology on MATLAB platform. In addition to comparison of AOPN methodology with the other existing methodologies, a case study is also provided in this paper to better explain how an AOPN model of a resource scheduling problem can be modeled and simulated with GPenSIM.
Preparation of Curcumin-Loaded Liposomes and Evaluation of Their Skin Permeation and Pharmacodynamics (2012)

This study aimed to investigate the in vitro skin permeation and in vivo antineoplastic effect of curcumin by using liposomes as the transdermal drug-delivery system. Soybean phospholipids (SPC), egg yolk phospholipids (EPC), and hydrogenated soybean phospholipids (HSPC) were selected for the preparation of different kinds of phospholipids composed of curcumin-loaded liposomes: C-SPC-L (curcumin-loaded SPC liposomes), C-EPC-L (curcumin-loaded EPC liposomes), and C-HSPC-L (curcumin-loaded HSPC liposomes). The physical properties of different lipsomes were investigated as follows: photon correlation spectroscopy revealed that the average particle sizes of the three types of curcumin-loaded liposomes were 82.37 ± 2.19 nm (C-SPC-L), 83.13 ± 4.89 nm (C-EPC-L), and 92.42 ± 4.56 nm (C-HSPC-L), respectively. The encapsulation efficiency values were found to be 82.32 ± 3.91%, 81.59 ± 2.38%, and 80.77 ± 4.12%, respectively. An in vitro skin penetration study indicated that C-SPC-L most significantly promoted drug permeation and deposition followed by C-EPC-L, C-HSPC-L, and curcumin solution. Moreover, C-SPC-L displayed the greatest ability of all loaded liposomes to inhibit the growth of B16BL6 melanoma cells. Therefore, the C-SPC-L were chosen for further pharmacodynamic evaluation. A significant effect on antimelanoma activity was observed with C-SPC-L, as compared to treatment with curcumin solution in vivo. These results suggest that C-SPC-L would be a promising transdermal carrier for curcumin in cancer treatment.