gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SNNAP: Approximate computing on programmable SoCs via neural acceleration (2015)

Many applications that can take advantage of accelerators are amenable to approximate execution. Past work has shown that neural acceleration is a viable way to accelerate approximate code. In light of the growing availability of on-chip field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), this paper explores neural acceleration on off-the-shelf programmable SoCs. We describe the design and implementation of SNNAP, a flexible FPGA-based neural accelerator for approximate programs. SNNAP is designed to work with a compiler workflow that configures the neural network's topology and weights instead of the programmable logic of the FPGA itself. This approach enables effective use of neural acceleration in commercially available devices and accelerates different applications without costly FPGA reconfigurations. No hardware expertise is required to accelerate software with SNNAP, so the effort required can be substantially lower than custom hardware design for an FPGA fabric and possibly even lower than current “C-to-gates” high-level synthesis (HLS) tools. Our measurements on a Xilinx Zynq FPGA show that SNNAP yields a geometric mean of 3.8× speedup (as high as 38.1×) and 2.8× energy savings (as high as 28 x) with less than 10% quality loss across all applications but one. We also compare SNNAP with designs generated by commercial HLS tools and show that SNNAP has similar performance overall, with better resource-normalized throughput on 4 out of 7 benchmarks.
Pulse width modulation scheme for the Modular Multilevel Converter (2009)

The Modular Multilevel Converter (M2C) is an emerging and highly attractive multilevel converter topology for medium and high voltage applications. In this paper, a new pulse width modulation (PWM) scheme will be derived. For this pulse width modulation scheme, characteristic simulated waveforms are described and analyzed.
AVIATION DIAGNOSTIC AND ENGINE PROGNOSTIC TECHNOLOGY (ADEPT) FOR THE CHINOOK’S T-55 ENGINE (2014)

&quot;The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official
Identification and Characterization of Novel Spliced Variants of Neuregulin 4 in Prostate Cancer (2007)

NRG4 overexpression is associated with advanced-stage prostate cancer. The alternative splice variants may have different roles in cell signaling, some acting as classic receptor ligands and some with as-yet unknown functions.
Gas-to-liquid transformation of alkanes by electron-beam irradiation (2006)

The circulating mode of electron-beam irradiation is applied to the transformation of gaseous alkanes into a mixture of liquid isomeric hydrocarbons suitable for the production of high-octane motor petrol.
Finding the Lost Involuntary Public Figure (2015)

Though their quarry is shrouded in mystery, and indeed sometimes thought to be only a creature of myth or legend, a number of judges, both those acting alone and those concentrated in groups, claim to have seen an involuntary public figure cross their paths. Descriptions have been offered, and those descriptions have been dutifully reported. It is not clear though that the judges saw either the same thing or the same thing from the same angle.
Resource Management for Business Process Scheduling in the Presence of Availability Constraints (2016)

In the context of business process management, the resources required by business processes, such as workshop staff, manufacturing machines, etc., tend to follow certain availability patterns, due to maintenance cycles, work shifts and other factors. Such availability patterns heavily influence the efficiency and effectiveness of enterprise resource management. Most existing process scheduling and resource management approaches tend to tune the process structure to seek better resource utilisation, yet neglect the constraints on resource availability. In this article, we investigate the scheduling of business process instances in accordance with resource availability patterns, to find out how enterprise resources can be rationally and sufficiently used. Three heuristic-based planning strategies are proposed to maximise the process instance throughput together with another strategy based on a genetic algorithm. The performance of these strategies has been evaluated by conducting experiments of different settings and analysing the strategy characteristics.
Surface modification of polyethylene by radiation‐induced grafting for adhesive bonding. V. Comparison with other surface treatments (1980)

Abstract Helium gas plasma treatment of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) yields much lower peel strength than oxidative treatment using chromic acid and oxygen gas plasma. The practical adhesion, the bondability retention, and the bond durability of oxidatively treated LDPE sheets, bonded with epoxy adhesives, have been compared with those of partially hydrolyzed LDPE–methyl acrylate surface grafts. The oxidized surfaces easily lose the bondability by light rubbing with tissue paper, solvent extraction, heat aging, and artifical weathering, whereas the grafted surfaces retain the bondability. The bondability loss is due to removal of the oxidized layer, and the bondability retention is due to retention of the surface homopolymer layer. Conventional antioxidants stabilize the grafted but not the oxidized surfaces against thermal oxidative degradation. The grafted LDPE joints have much higher bond durability in humid environments than those of the oxidized LDPE joints. The dry and wet peel strengths of oxidized LDPE joints are greatly improved by application of primers consisting of a base epoxy resin and organic solvents. An adhesion mechanism involving penetration of epoxy adhesives into the oxidized layers and subsequent reinforcement of the layers by curing of the penetrated epoxy is proposed.
Case 114 (2010)

Abstract This is a case from the Postintervention/postoperative section of Cardiac Imaging Cases. The specific content of each case and its diagnosis are necessarily hidden from this abstract. Each case contains case history, followed immediately by the diagnosis, which is supported with findings, differential diagnosis, teaching points, management, and further reading suggestions.
Systematic circuit design and analysis of a non‐ideal DC–DC pulse width modulation boost converter (2017)

This study presents systematic design and detailed circuit analysis of a non‐ideal DC–DC pulse width modulation boost converter. An accurate mathematical formula is thrived to evaluate the duty cycle, which enables the converter to neutralise the voltage drop across the parasitic elements. Furthermore, the modified relationships for the design of inductor have been obtained, which satisfy the requirements of stipulated inductor current ripples in the presence of parasitics. Moreover, the mathematical relation is developed to design the output capacitor, which is more accurate than the conventionally derived expression. In addition to this, the output capacitor's equivalent series resistance effect on the output voltage ripples is also investigated. Finally, the experimental and simulation results are used to validate the theoretical analysis.
Quantitative Determination of Natriuretic Peptides in Human Biological Samples with a Bioassay Using Cultured Cells (1992)

Up to now, members of the natriuretic peptide family have usually been determined by radioimmunoassays using antibodies more or less specific for the distinct peptides so far identified. However, natriuretic peptides differing significantly in their amino acid sequence from the one against which the antibody has been raised cannot be determined by this means, and still unknown natriuretic peptides cannot be detected. We therefore developed a new bioassay system sensitive to all members of the natriuretic peptide family by taking advantage of the biological activity of these hormones, the activation of the guanylate cyclase/cyclic GMP system. In this assay, cultured cells are incubated with the natriuretic peptides, and the amount of cyclic GMP produced by the cells is determined by radioimmunoassay. From the relative stimulation of the cellular cyclic GMP production, the concentration of natriuretic peptides in the sample is determined after calibration with synthetic atrial natriuretic peptide. For a qualitative identification of the various peptides, the bioassay is combined with a reversed-phase HPLC step. Using cultured bovine aortic endothelial or bovine kidney epithelial cells for the bioassay, we achieved detection limits of 1 fmol or 50 fmol, respectively, for human atrial as well as brain natriuretic peptide. Intra-assay coefficients of variation of 4.3% (aortic endothelial cells, at 0.65 nmol/l peptide) and 5.8% (kidney epithelial cells, at 6.5 nmol/l peptide) were obtained. The total content of natriuretic peptides as well as the amounts of the individual natriuretic peptides following HPLC separation were determined in extracts of human atria obtained at aortocoronary bypass operations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment (1990)

The ecology of hydrocarbon degradation by microbial populations in the natural environment is reviewed, emphasizing the physical, chemical, and biological factors that contribute to the biodegradation of petroleum and individual hydrocarbons. Rates of biodegradation depend greatly on the composition, state, and concentration of the oil or hydrocarbons, with dispersion and emulsification enhancing rates in aquatic systems and absorption by soil particulates being the key feature of terrestrial ecosystems. Temperature and oxygen and nutrient concentrations are important variables in both types of environments. Salinity and pressure may also affect biodegradation rates in some aquatic environments, and moisture and pH may limit biodegradation in soils. Hydrocarbons are degraded primarily by bacteria and fungi. Adaptation by prior exposure of microbial communities to hydrocarbons increases hydrocarbon degradation rates. Adaptation is brought about by selective enrichment of hydrocarbon-utilizing microorganisms and amplification of the pool of hydrocarbon-catabolizing genes. The latter phenomenon can now be monitored through the use of DNA probes. Increases in plasmid frequency may also be associated with genetic adaptation. Seeding to accelerate rates of biodegradation has been shown to be effective in some cases, particularly when used under controlled conditions, such as in fermentors or chemostats.
Extraction and potential application of caustic potash from kolanut husk, ugwu pod husk and plantain peels (2008)

Caustic potash from kola nut pod husk (Cola nitida), ugwu pod husk (Teleferia occidentalis) and plantain peels (Musa paradisiaca) were extracted using combustion and leaching process with distilled water as the solvent. Yield observed at varying temperatures are 31, 23, 35% (at 300, 400, 500oC, respectively). Free caustic alkali contents, free fatty matter and chloride were a bit higher than the value obtained for local black soap (using caustic potash extracted from cocoa pod ash) which served as control (1.00%). It was observed that the samples contained appreciable amount of caustic potash, (kolanut pod husk 24.54 g/100 g, ugwu pod husk 1.60 g/100 g and plantain peel 39.28 g/100 g). This work, thus established the fact that it is possible to convert the erstwhile wasteful caustic potash into a useful raw material.  

	 

	Key words: Caustic potash, kolanut husk, ugwu pod husk and plantain peels.
Metachromins J and K, New Sesquiterpenoids from Marine Sponge Spongia Species (2006)

Two new cytotoxic sesquiterpenoids, metachromins J (1) and K (2), have been isolated from an Okinawan marine sponge Spongia sp. (SS-1037). The structures of 1 and 2 were elucidated on the basis of the spectroscopic data.
Trends toward rotary steerable directional systems (1997)

Directional drilling will continue to be important in the petroleum industry for the foreseeable future as reserves in offshore locations, environmentally sensitive areas and locations with restricted surface access are developed. Emphasis on re-entries to extend the life of onshore and offshore production facilities and on horizontal completions to improve production rates and ultimate recovery will continue to place demands on directional drilling technology. Efficiency improvements that may be achieved through introduction of a new technology are often not easy to quantify, even though they may be quite significant. As long as the job gets done with the currently used system, and no better system is immediately available, it is natural to concentrate efforts on improving the existing system rather than introducing a new system. Here, the discussion is aimed at showing that drilling with steerable motor directional systems is inefficient, and that a significant improvement could be gained by introduction of rotary steerable systems. The objective of this article is not to put down motors, which have provided the backbone of directional drilling for three decades, but rather to show that considerable incentive exists for pursuing an alternative system.
Hierarchical QAM BICM MIMO systems with iterative decoding and applications to media broadcast (2008)

The paper presents an approach to the design of layered BICM MIMO systems using multi-stage iterative decoding and Soft Output M-Algorithm (SOMA) based component decoders. The systems consider transmission based on multilevel coding linked to hierarchical QAM constellations. The receivers are iterative designs with a view to supporting high-rates. These receiver designs can also be used to obtain reduced complexity. The performance of the SOMA schemes are compared to achievable rate bounds for multi-level D-BLAST based schemes. The D-BLAST receivers illustrate general limitations of non-iterative approaches. The multi-layer transmission approach provides a natural support for unequal error protection (UEP), and can be used to balance tradeoffs between robust coverage vs quality in media broadcast applications. Rough predictions on such tradeoffs are given using layered MPEG2 video as a media example.
High Throughput Protein Expression and Purification (2008)

Despite exciting advances in genome sequencing, isolating a protein from its expression system in its native form still presents a complex challenge. In High Throughput Protein Expression and Purifica
Insight into Core–Shell Dependent Anoxic Cr(VI) Removal with Fe@Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanowires: Indispensable Role of Surface Bound Fe(II) (2014)

In this study, we investigated the anoxic Cr(VI) removal with core-shell Fe@Fe2O3 nanowires. It was found the surface area normalized Cr(VI) removal rate constants of Fe@Fe2O3 nanowires first increased with increasing the iron oxide shell thickness and then decreased, suggesting that Fe@Fe2O3 nanowires possessed an interesting core-shell structure dependent Cr(VI) removal property. Meanwhile, the Cr(VI) removal efficiency was positively correlated to the amount of surface bound Fe(II). This result revealed that the core-shell structure dependent Cr(VI) removal property of Fe@Fe2O3 nanowires was mainly attributed to the reduction of Cr(VI) by the surface bound Fe(II) besides the reduction of Cr(VI) adsorbed on the iron oxide shell via the electrons transferred from the iron core. The indispensable role of surface bound Fe(II) was confirmed by Tafel polarization and high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic depth profiles analyses. X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscope images of the fresh and used Fe@Fe2O3 nanowires revealed the formation of Fe(III)/Cr(III)/Cr(VI) composite oxides during the anoxic Cr(VI) removal process. This study sheds a deep insight into the anoxic Cr(VI) removal mechanism of core-shell Fe@Fe2O3 nanowires and also provides an efficient Cr(VI) removal method.
RSA Key Extraction via Low-Bandwidth Acoustic Cryptanalysis. (2013)

Many computers emit a high-pitched noise during operation, due to vibration in some of their electronic components. These acoustic emanations are more than a nuisance: they can convey information about the software running on the computer, and in particular leak sensitive information about security-related computations. In a preliminary presentation (Eurocrypt’04 rump session), we have shown that different RSA keys induce different sound patterns, but it was not clear how to extract individual key bits. The main problem was that the acoustic side channel has a very low bandwidth (under 20 kHz using common microphones, and a few hundred kHz using ultrasound microphones), many orders of magnitude below the GHz-scale clock rates of the attacked computers. In this paper we describe a new acoustic cryptanalysis key extraction attack, applicable to GnuPG’s current implementation of RSA. The attack can extract full 4096-bit RSA decryption keys from laptop computers (of various models), within an hour, using the sound generated by the computer during the decryption of some chosen ciphertexts. We experimentally demonstrate that such attacks can be carried out, using either a plain mobile phone placed next to the computer, or a more sensitive microphone placed 4 meters away.
A New Generation of Vehicle Routing Research: Robust Algorithms, Addressing Uncertainty (1996)

In recent years new insights and algorithms have been obtained for the classical, deterministic vehicle routing problem as well as for natural stochastic and dynamic variations of it. These new developments are based on theoretical analysis, combine probabilistic and combinatorial modeling, and lead to new algorithms that produce near-optimal solutions, and a deeper understanding of uncertainty issues in vehicle routing. In this paper, we survey these new developments with an emphasis on the insights gained and on the algorithms proposed.
Sequence Effects of Self-Assembling MultiDomain Peptide Hydrogels on Encapsulated SHED Cells (2014)

Here we report three new nanofibrous, self-assembling multidomain peptide (MDP) sequences and examine the effect of sequence on the morphology and expansion of encapsulated Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth (SHED). We modified our previously reported set of serine-based MDPs, changing the serine residues in the amphiphilic region to threonine. The three new threonine-based sequences self-assemble into antiparallel β-sheet nanofibers, confirmed by CD and IR. AFM and negative-stained TEM show that the nanofibers formed by the new sequences are more curved than their serine-containing predecessors. Despite this change in nanofiber morphology, SEM illustrates that all three new sequences still form porous hydrogels. K(TL)2SLRG(TL)3KGRGDS, with a designed cleavage site, is able to be degraded by Matrix Metalloprotease 2. We then examine SHED cell response to these new sequences as well as their serine-based predecessors. We observe faster cell attachment and spreading in hydrogels formed by K2(SL)6K2GRGDS and K(SL)3RG(SL)3KGRGDS. By day 3, the SHEDs in all of the serine-based sequences exhibit a fibroblast-like morphology. Additionally, the SHED cells expand more rapidly in the serine-based gels while the cell number remains relatively constant in the threonine-based peptides. In hydrogels formed by K2(TL)6K2GRGDS and K(TL)2SLRG(TL)3KGRGDS, this low expansion rate is accompanied by changes in morphology where SHEDs exhibit a stellate morphology after 3 days in culture; however, by day 7 they appear more fibroblast-shaped. Throughout the duration of the experiment, the SHED cells encapsulated in the K2(TL)6K2 hydrogels remain rounded. These results suggest that the basic MDP structure easily accommodates modifications in sequence and, for SHED cells, the threonine-containing gels require the integrin-binding RGDS sequence for cell attachment to occur, while the serine-based gels are less selective and support an increase in cell number, regardless of the presence or absence of RGDS.
Non-Surgical Treatment of Lateral Epicondylitis: A Aystematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials (2014)

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of level of evidence.
Before the Welfare State: Public Health and Social Policy (1995)

Les changements apportés en matière de politique sociale de 1880 à 1920 ont joué un rôle déterminant dans l'établissement et la nature de l'État‐providence. La santé publique était au premier rang de cette evolution. L'État a commencéà pénétrer dans les foyers par de nouveaux moyens, comme les programmes de visite à domicile lancés durant cette période. Dans notre étude, nous décrivons ces nouveaux programmes dans le contexte d'une transformation plus globale des politiques sociales, qui a amené l'État à assumer de nouvelles res‐ponsabilités dans le domaine de la natalité. Social policy developments in the period 1880–1920 played a crucial role in shaping the foundations of the welfare state. Public health was at the forefront of these developments, introducing new home visiting programmes that brought the state into the household in new ways. This paper sets these new programmes in the context of a broader transition in social policy in which the state began to assume new responsibilities in the reproduction of the population.
A Novel Method to Capture the Onset of Dynamic Electrocardiographic Ischemic Changes and its Implications to Arrhythmia Susceptibility (2014)

We present a novel method that is capable of detecting ischemia-induced changes in intracardiac electrograms as early as 30 seconds following myocardial infarction or as early as 12 minutes preceding tachyarrhythmic events.
Dietary supplementation with branched‐chain amino acids suppresses diethylnitrosamine‐induced liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic C57BL/KsJ‐<i>db/db</i> mice (2009)

Obesity and related metabolic abnormalities, including insulin resistance, are risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis as well as in chronic viral hepatitis. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), which improve insulin resistance, inhibited obesity-related colon carcinogenesis in a rodent model, and also reduced the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in obese patients with liver cirrhosis. In the present study, we determined the effects of BCAA on the development of diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced liver tumorigenesis in obese C57BL/KsJ-db/db (db/db) mice with diabetes mellitus. Male db/db mice were given tap water containing 40 ppm DEN for an initial 2 weeks and thereafter they received a basal diet containing 3.0% of BCAA or casein, which served as a nitrogen content-matched control of BCAA, throughout the experiment. Supplementation with BCAA significantly reduced the total number of foci of cellular alteration, a premalignant lesion of the liver, and the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, and IGF-1 receptor in the liver when compared to the casein supplementation. BCAA supplementation for 34 weeks also significantly inhibited both the development of hepatocellular neoplasms and the proliferation of hepatocytes in comparison to the basal diet or casein-fed groups. Supplementation with BCAA improved liver steatosis and fibrosis and inhibited the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin in the DEN-treated db/db mice. The serum levels of glucose and leptin decreased by dietary BCAA, whereas the value of the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index increased by this agent, indicating the improvement of insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia. In conclusion, oral BCAA supplementation improves insulin resistance and prevents the development of liver tumorigenesis in obese and diabetic mice.