gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Directional Data Analysis and An Application (2014)

Yönlü veri analiz yöntemi, açısal olarak elde edilen gözlem değerlerine uygulanır. Yöntemde, açısal veri tipinde elde edilen her gözlem birim çember ekseni üzerine yerleştirilir ve verilere ait bir ortalama vektör elde edilir. İstatistiksel hesaplamalar bu ortalama vector üzerinden yapılır. Bu çalışmada, bazı temel yönlü veri analiz yöntemlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda keçilerin meme başları arası açıları, sabah sağımlarından önce laktasyon periyodu boyunca toplamda altı kez yapılan süt kontrollerinde alınmıştır. Meme başları arası açısal ölçümler, bu analiz yöntemiyle analiz edilerek bazı yönlü istatistikler elde edilmiştir.Sonuç olarak, ortalama vektör uzunluğu arttıkça dairesel varyans azalmıştır. En düşük varyans ve en yüksek ortalama vektör uzunluğu 6. test sağımından elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca ortalama açılar arasında farklılık olup-olmadığının belirlenmesinde uygulanan WatsonWilliams F testi sonuçlarına göre, 5. ve 6. test sağımlarının ortalama açıları arasındaki farklılık istatistiksel olarak önemli (p<0.05) bulunmuş ve laktasyonun periyodunun sonuna doğru ortalama açılar azalmıştır.
Effects of Fe Film Thickness and Pretreatments on the Growth Behaviours of Carbon Nanotubes on Fe-doped (001) Si Substrates (2002)

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are used to investigate the effects of Fe film thickness and pretreatment conditions on the growth behaviours of carbon nanotubes on the Fe-deposited Si (001) substrates. The Fe films are deposited for 20 s–20 min by pulse-laser deposition. SEM results show that the growth characteristics of carbon nanotubes are strongly dependent on the Fe film thickness and pretreatment conditions. It is shown that the pretreatments at 800°C (and also chemical vapour deposition growth) cause the continuous Fe films to be broken up into nanoparticles (8–50 nm across) and discontinuous islands (100 nm–1.1 µm in size). It is also shown that the Fe nanoparticles are essentially required for the formation of aligned carbon nanotubes. Furthermore, for the Ar-pretreated sample, a carbonaceous layer is formed near the surface region. TEM results show direct evidence that a base growth mode is responsible for the growth of carbon nanotubes in the present work. Based on TEM and SEM results, the pretreatment atmosphere dependence of the growth behaviours of carbon nanotubes is discussed.
Predicting the Biological Activities Through QSAR Analysis and Docking-Based Scoring (2012)

Numerous computational methodologies have been developed to facilitate the process of drug discovery. Broadly, they can be classified into ligand-based approaches, which are solely based on the calculation of the molecular properties of compounds, and structure-based approaches, which are based on the study of the interactions between compounds and their target proteins. This chapter deals with two major categories of ligand-based and structure-based methods for the prediction of biological activities of chemical compounds, namely quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis and docking-based scoring. QSAR methods are endowed with robustness and good ranking ability when applied to the prediction of the activity of closely related analogs; however, their great dependence on training sets significantly limits their applicability to the evaluation of diverse compounds. Instead, docking-based scoring, although not very effective in ranking active compounds on the basis of their affinities or potencies, offer the great advantage of not depending on training sets and have proven to be suitable tools for the distinction of active from inactive compounds, thus providing feasible platforms for virtual screening campaigns. Here, we describe the basic principles underlying the prediction of biological activities on the basis of QSAR and docking-based scoring, as well as a method to combine two or more individual predictions into a consensus model. Finally, we describe an example that illustrates the applicability of QSAR and molecular docking to G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) projects.
Developmental course of hypertension and regional cerebral blood flow in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. (1977)

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was repeatedly measured by the hydrogen clearance method in the frontal cortex of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) at the age of 50 days and thereafter. When SHRSP rats developed severe hypertension (over 200 mg Hg at the age of 60 days) rCBF began to decrease abruptly in the frontal cortex--one of the three predilection sites of stroke in these rats. In contrast, such a reduction in rCBF was not noted in either stroke-resistant spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSR) which developed moderate hypertension (under 200 mg Hg), or in Wistar-Kyoto rats (WK) with normal blood pressure (under 15 mm Hg). A similar marked reduction of rCBF with severe hypertension (over 200 mm Hg) was also detected in apoplectic gene-free renal infarction hypertensive rats (RHR) experimentally produced from age-matched WK animals. Blood samples were obtained through an implanted femoral artery canula without disturbing the nonanesthetized SHRSP, SHRSR and WK rats. Arterial blood gas analysis (PaCO2, PaO2 and pH) showed no significant differences at the age of 5 months in any of these rats. Chemical cerbrovascular reactivity, that is, an increase in rCBF in response to CO2 inhalation, showed no significant difference among SHRSP rats from the age of 50 days to 5 months. However, it markedly decreased in SHRSP rats at the age of 9 months and thereafter (the average age of male SHRSP rats which develop stroke is 9 months). The present study showed stroke did not occur in antihypertensive agent-treated SHRSP rats. In these SHRSP rats rCBF did not decrease as long as blood pressure was well-controlled.
The Structure of Catalytically Active Gold on Titania (2004)

The high catalytic activity of gold clusters on oxides has been attributed to structural effects (including particle thickness and shape and metal oxidation state), as well as to support effects. We have created well-ordered gold mono-layers and bilayers that completely wet (cover) the oxide support, thus eliminating particle shape and direct support effects. High-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy and carbon monoxide adsorption confirm that the gold atoms are bonded to titanium atoms. Kinetic measurements for the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide show that the gold bilayer structure is significantly more active (by more than an order of magnitude) than the monolayer.
Sequencing, mutational analysis, and transcriptional regulation of the <i>Escherichia coli htrB</i> gene (1991)

The Escherichia coli htrB gene was originally discovered because its insertional inactivation led to an exquisitely temperature-sensitive phenotype in rich media, i.e. the ability to form colonies at temperatures below 32 degrees C, but not above 33 degrees C. The htrB gene has been sequenced. It can potentially code for two proteins, with Mr values of 35,407 Da and 8669 Da, that are encoded by overlapping, divergent open reading frames. Our data are consistent with the 35,407 Da protein being HtrB. Northern blot analysis clearly shows that the monocistronic htrB message is not under heat-shock regulation. We have also sequenced the flanking DNA and have discovered a new gene, designated orf39.9, located immediately adjacent to htrB, but divergently transcribed.
Important Applications and the Perceived Benefits of Bamboo: A Comparison between Consumers and Businessmen (2019)

Bamboo is a versatile product, including building materials, furniture, fencing, handicrafts, pulp and paper, edible shoots, and animal feed used in many countries. The first purpose of this study was to evaluate and group the applications and benefits of bamboo, the second is to compare the views of consumers and businessmen to find the expectation gap between them, the third is to find the correlation between the importance of bamboo applications with the perceived benefit of bamboo and finally apply the importance-performance analysis model to position the expected application and benefits of bamboo. The theory was developed taking in account three factors: the importance, the benefits of bamboo applications, and both consumers and businessmen. The data analysis was performed on a sample of 469 respondents divided into two parts 378 for consumers and 91 for businessmen conducted in Haiti. This study exhibited that the applications were formed two groups - High importance group with five applications represented 48.9 %; and the low importance group with 15 applications are represented 51.1% based in their frequency. Furthermore, the results indicated that the consumer&#39;s views were higher than businessman for the important applications of bamboo and the businessmen were higher than the consumers for the perceived benefits of bamboo because the consumers focus on the wants of application can be profitable for us and businessman focus on the benefit. The results showed a positive relationship between the importance of bamboo with the perceive benefits. The study found the most important application is (G) bamboo panels (wall room) from consumers because this application was with multiple purposes; and the fabrication and wood base in the industry from the businessmen. So we might say the applications bamboo was very important for the country according to the respondent&rsquo;s responses and also the benefits for the businessmen. Therefore, if the country could embrace this alternative, it will be a great opportunity for the population.
Impact of Strain Type on Detection of Toxigenic <i>Clostridium difficile:</i> Comparison of Molecular Diagnostic and Enzyme Immunoassay Approaches (2010)

A multicenter clinical trial assessed the performance of the Cepheid Xpert C. difficile assay on stool specimens collected from patients suspected of having Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). A total of 2,296 unformed stool specimens, collected from seven study sites, were tested by Xpert C. difficile enrichment culture followed by cell culture cytotoxicity testing of the isolates (i.e., toxigenic culture with enrichment) and the study sites' standard C. difficile test methods. The methods included enzyme immunoassay (EIA), direct cytotoxin testing, and two- and three-step algorithms using glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) screening followed by either EIA or EIA and an in-house PCR assay. All C. difficile strains were typed by PCR-ribotyping. Compared to results for toxigenic culture with enrichment, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the Xpert assay were 93.5, 94.0, 73.0, and 98.8%, respectively. The overall sensitivity of the EIAs compared to that of enrichment culture was 60.0%, and the sensitivity of combined GDH algorithms was 72.9%; both were significantly lower than that of Xpert C. difficile (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). The sensitivity of the EIA was significantly lower than that of the Xpert C. difficile assay for detection of ribotypes 002, 027, and 106 (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001, and P = 0.004, respectively, Fisher's exact test), and the sensitivity of GDH algorithms for ribotypes other than 027 was lower than that for Xpert C. difficile (P < 0.001). The Xpert C. difficile assay is a simple, rapid, and accurate method for detection of toxigenic C. difficile in unformed stool specimens and is minimally affected by strain type compared to EIA and GDH-based methods.
Horizontal gene transfer and mutation: Ng <i>rol</i> genes in the genome of <i>Nicotiana glauca</i> (1999)

Ngrol genes (NgrolB, NgrolC, NgORF13, and NgORF14) that are similar in sequence to genes in the left transferred DNA (TL-DNA) of Agrobacterium rhizogenes have been found in the genome of untransformed plants of Nicotiana glauca. It has been suggested that a bacterial infection resulted in transformation of Ngrol genes early in the evolution of the genus Nicotiana. Although the corresponding four rol genes in TL-DNA provoked hairy-root syndrome in plants, present-day N. glauca and plants transformed with Ngrol genes did not exhibit this phenotype. Sequenced complementation analysis revealed that the NgrolB gene did not induce adventitious roots because it contained two point mutations. Single-base site-directed mutagenesis at these two positions restored the capacity for root induction to the NgrolB gene. When the NgrolB, with these two base substitutions, was positioned under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter (P35S), transgenic tobacco plants exhibited morphological abnormalities that were not observed in P35S-RirolB plants. In contrast, the activity of the NgrolC gene may have been conserved after an ancient infection by bacteria. Discussed is the effect of the horizontal gene transfer of the Ngrol genes and mutations in the NgrolB gene on the phenotype of ancient plants during the evolution of N. glauca.
Variations of <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i> fimbriae in relation to microbial pathogenesis (2004)

The fimbria variations may have an influence on the development of periodontal disease.
1-pT Noise Fluxgate Magnetometer for Geomagnetic Measurements and Unshielded Magnetocardiography (2019)

We present the development of a low-noise, fundamental-mode, orthogonal fluxgate magnetometer with four amorphous, annealed ferromagnetic wires. The 1-Hz noise obtained in the open and closed loop is as low as 0.75 and 1.5 pT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> / <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz, respectively, with the white noise level about 0.6 pT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> / <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula> Hz. This is to the best of our knowledge the lowest figure published for a fluxgate magnetometer so far. By using the annealed sensor cores, we also found the offset drift to decrease approximately six times to 2.5 nT/K. We compared the instrument performance to a low-noise observatory magnetometer when doing geomagnetic measurements and show that it is fully suitable for measurements at mHz frequencies, e.g., magnetotellurics. The magnetometer performance enables room-temperature, unshielded magnetocardiography. With a gradiometric arrangement of two sensors, we were able to perform an MCG measurement in ambient field, and even without averaging, the signal could be clearly resolved.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Naturally Occurring α‐Tocopherol. Part 5. Asymmetric Alkylation and Asymmetric Epoxidation as Means to Introduce (R)‐Configuration at C(2) of the Chroman Moiety. (1990)

Abstract Two different approaches are given for the introduction of the required (R)‐configurated tertiary alcohol structure in the side‐chain precursors of the title compound (VII).
Overexpression of the <i>CD155</i> gene in human colorectal carcinoma (2001)

We have shown for the first time that the CD155 gene is overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma and that this overexpression begins at an early stage in tumorigenesis and continues to late stages.
Changes in Immunosuppressive Treatment of Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: Comparison of 2 Surveys within Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (2019)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains the leading cause of late morbidity and mortality. Despite the growing number of treatment options in cGVHD, evidence remains sparse. The German-Austrian-Swiss GVHD Consortium performed a survey on clinical practice in treatment of cGVHD among transplant centers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland in 2009 and 2018 and compared the results. The survey performed in 2009 contained 20 questions on first-line treatment and related issues and 4 questions on second-line scenarios followed by a survey on all systemic and topic treatment options known and applied, with 31 of 36 transplant centers (86%) responding. The survey in 2018 repeated 7 questions on first-line treatment and 3 questions on second-line scenarios followed by an updated survey on all current systemic treatment options known and applied, with 29 of 66 centers (43%) responding. In summary, the results show a large overlap of first-line treatment practice between centers and the 2 surveys because of a lack of new data that changes practice, except significant heterogeneity of treatment of cGVHD progressive onset type, which can be explained by the lack of trials focusing on this high-risk entity. In contrast, treatment options applied to second-line therapy vary considerably, with new agents like ibrutinib and ruxolitinib entering clinical practice. Moreover, treatment of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome demonstrates heterogeneity in applied therapeutic options and sequence because of a lack of controlled data and different conclusions from already existing evidence. In summary, the survey results demonstrate an increasing number of treatment options applied to cGVHD accompanied by a significant heterogeneity in second-line treatment and underline the urgent need for clinical trials and registry analyses on rare entities with high mortality like progressive onset type and lung involvement of cGVHD.
A Novel Mithramycin Analogue with High Antitumor Activity and Less Toxicity Generated by Combinatorial Biosynthesis (2012)

Mithramycin is an antitumor compound produced by Streptomyces argillaceus that has been used for the treatment of several types of tumors and hypercalcaemia processes. However, its use in humans has been limited because of its side effects. Using combinatorial biosynthesis approaches, we have generated seven new mithramycin derivatives, which differ from the parental compound in the sugar profile or in both the sugar profile and the 3-side chain. From these studies three novel derivatives were identified, demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SK, demycarosylmithramycin SDK, and demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SDK, which show high antitumor activity. The first one, which combines two structural features previously found to improve pharmacological behavior, was generated following two different strategies, and it showed less toxicity than mithramycin. Preliminary in vivo evaluation of its antitumor activity through hollow fiber assays, and in subcutaneous colon and melanoma cancers xenografts models, suggests that demycarosyl-3D-β-d-digitoxosylmithramycin SK could be a promising antitumor agent worthy of further investigation.
The Essentials of CAGD (2000)

Putting the G into CAGD, the authors provide a much-needed practical and basic introduction to computer-aided geometric design. This book will help readers understand and use the elements of computer-aided geometric design, curves and surfaces, without the mathematical baggage that is necessary only for more advanced work. Though only minimal backg
Web-based fax server for home or small business use (2007)

Applying IP and Web technologies and the inherent properties of a broadband router widely used at home or in small business, this paper presents a paperless, sharable, plug-and-play, Web-based fax server for multiple users. Instead of using email via a digital network as FoIP, the proposed fax server sends and receives fax documents via the public switched telephone network like the conventional analog fax machines do. The fax server users handle incoming and outgoing faxes by only Web browsers through an IP-based local area network composed of an off-the-shelf broadband router, the proposed fax server, and the users' computers. This paper introduces the system architecture and software driving techniques of the proposed fax server.
Apoptosis in lymphoid and parenchymal cells during sepsis (1997)

Apoptosis is an important mechanism of cell death in lymphocytes and parenchymal cells in sepsis and occurs systemically in many organs. Apoptosis may be an important cause of immunologic suppression in sepsis by inducing widespread lymphocyte depletion. Alternately, apoptosis may be beneficial to host survival by down-regulating the inflammatory response which accompanies sepsis. The degree to which parenchymal cell apoptosis is contributing to multiple organ failure cannot be determined from the present study. Findings in Rag-1 mice demonstrate that mature T and B cells and their secretory products are not necessary for apoptosis to occur during sepsis and that apoptotic cell death is not restricted to T or B cells. Apoptosis may be a key regulator of the balance between the pro- and anti-inflammatory process.
<title>Image retrieval based on color features: an evaluation study</title> (1995)

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of different image content representations, all of which are based on the use of color histograms to support indexing and searching schemes. We investigate the use of different color resolutions, restriction to dominant colors, and matching based on both global and local histograms. We also examine how suitable numerical index keys may be designed to support retrieval, and we assess the use of Self-Organizing Maps to guide structuring a database of images. All of our results are based on experimental studies, and our conclusions should lead to useful guidelines for developing image indexing and retrieval systems based on visual content.
MicroRNA-124 mediates the cholinergic anti-inflammatory action through inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (2013)

The vagus nerve can control inflammatory response through a 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway', which is mediated by the α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) on macrophages. However, the intracellular mechanisms that link α7nAChR activation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production remain not well understood. In this study, we found that miR-124 is upregulated by cholinergic agonists in LPS-exposed cells and mice. Utilizing miR-124 mimic and siRNA knockdown, we demonstrated that miR-124 is a critical mediator for the cholinergic anti-inflammatory action. Furthermore, our data indicated that miR-124 modulates LPS-induced cytokine production by targeting signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) to decrease IL-6 production and TNF-α converting enzyme (TACE) to reduce TNF-α release. These results also indicate that miR-124 is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.