gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of the Diborylated Organometallics 1,3-Bis(dibromoboryl)-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′-(pentamethyl)ferrocene and 1,3-Bis(dibromoboryl)cymantrene (2008)

Diborylated organometallic complexes can function as precursors for boron-bridged organometallic macromolecules. So far, mainly ferrocenylborane polymers featuring a 1,1′-connectivity pattern have been prepared from 1,1′-bis(dibromoboryl)ferrocene. In this paper we present the optimized synthesis protocols for 1,3-bis(dibromoboryl)-1′,2′,3′,4′,5′-(pentamethyl)ferrocene and 1,3-bis(dibromoboryl)cymantrene. Both compounds have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction techniques and possess promising potential for the preparation of boron-bridged polymers with a 1,3-connectivity pattern.
Synthesis, characterization, and polycondensation of new stable α,ω-organo(bis-silanediols) (2003)

The synthesis and characterization of stable bis(dihydroxymethylsilyl) derivatives are described. These compounds were obtained as microcrystalline powders by controlled hydrolysis in a biphasic medium (ethyl ether  water) of the corresponding bis(dimethoxymethylsilyl) organic precursors containing phenyl, biphenyl, stilbenyl, diphenyl acetylene, and diphenylbut-1,3-diyne groups. All the solids obtained exhibited a layered structure. Condensation of the bis-silanediols could be effected by fluoride catalysis in solution at ambient temperature or simply by heating in solid state. The polysiloxanes obtained from the bis-silanediols have been compared with those obtained by hydrolysispolycondensation of the corresponding bis-dimethoxysilanes. The thermal route led to highly polycondensed solids arranged into thin plates as evidenced by TEM analysis; furthermore, in the case of the longer spacer, the organization was controlled by the arrangement of the Si-O-Si layers instead of the spacer. The X-ray study of these materials clearly evidenced the drastic influence of the length of the organic spacer, the polycondensation route and the nature of the leaving group (hydroxy or methoxy) on the short-range organization of the solids. Key words: silanols, hybrid materials, polycondensation, polysiloxanes.
In Vivo Toxicity, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Activity of Stavudine-5′-(<i>p</i>-Bromophenyl Methoxyalaninyl Phosphate) (Stampidine) in Mice (2002)

We have evaluated the clinical potential of stavudine-5'-(p-bromophenyl methoxyalaninyl phosphate(stampidine [STAMP]), a novel aryl phosphate derivative of stavudine, as a new anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) agent, by examining its acute, subacute, and chronic toxicity profile in mice as well as by testing its antiviral activity in a surrogate human peripheral blood lymphocyte (Hu-PBL)-SCID mouse model of human AIDS. STAMP was very well tolerated in BALB/c and CD-1 mice, without any detectable acute or subacute toxicity at single intraperitoneal or oral bolus doses as high as 500 mg/kg of body weight. Notably, daily administration of STAMP intraperitoneally or orally for up to 8 consecutive weeks was not associated with any detectable toxicity at cumulative dose levels as high as 6.4 g/kg. Micromolar concentrations of the active STAMP metabolite in plasma were rapidly achieved and maintained for more than 4 h after parenteral as well as oral administration of a nontoxic 100-mg/kg bolus dose of STAMP. In accordance with its favorable pharmacokinetic profile and in vitro potency, STAMP exhibited dose-dependent and potent in vivo anti-HIV activity in Hu-PBL-SCID mice against a genotypically and phenotypically nucleoside analog reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)-resistant clinical HIV type 1 (HIV-1) isolate (BR/92/019; D67N, L214F, T215D, K219Q) at nontoxic dose levels. The remarkable in vivo safety and potency of STAMP warrants the further development of this promising new antiretroviral agent for possible clinical use in patients harboring NRTI-resistant HIV-1.
Benzodiazepine discontinuation with prolonged-release melatonin: hints from a German longitudinal prescription database (2011)

Based on the observed 31% discontinuation rate, PR melatonin may help to facilitate BZD/Z discontinuation in older insomniacs.
Identification and Sequencing of N-Terminal Peptides in Proteins by LC-Fluorescence-MS/MS: An Approach to Replacement of the Edman Degradation (2019)

Automated Edman degradation for sequencing is the classic tool for determining the N-terminal sequences of proteins. Although it has been complemented or largely replaced by a variety of mass spectrometric methods in recent years, there is no simple mass spectrometric method for identification and <i>de novo</i> determination of the N-terminal sequence of a protein. Here, we present a simple and reliable approach which identifies N-terminal peptides of proteins by selectively labeling the N-terminal α-amino groups with a fluorescent reagent followed by enzyme digestion and tandem mass spectrometric analysis using an LC-MS/MS system coupled with a fluorescence detector. This approach also includes a differential peptide mapping step for identification of pyroglutamate-blocked N-terminal peptides. In addition, the strategy can be applied to proteins in gel. With this approach, complete N-terminal sequences of proteins can be obtained precisely and efficiently.
Fabrication of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>y</i> superconducting coatings by electrophoretic deposition (1989)

Coatings of YBa2Cu3O7−y were deposited by electrophoresis on Cu, Ag, polycrystalline Al2O3, and single-crystal MgO and YSZ substrates. Acetone was used as the electrophoretic vehicle and a field of 500 V/cm was applied in the deposition process. The deposited coatings were fired in air at or above 900 °C. For coatings on Ag, MgO(Ag), and YSZ(Ag) substrates, sharp superconducting transitions at ∼90 K were obtained. Intermediate layers were formed on Cu, Al2O3(Al), and YSZ(Ag) substrates as a result of interfacial reactions during firing. The interfacial reactions affected the superconducting transition and also led to the development of a preferred orientation in the coating.
Performances of Co<sup>2+</sup>-Substituted NiMoO<sub>4</sub> Nanorods in a Solid-State Hybrid Supercapacitor (2023)

A hydrothermal method was conducted to synthesize Ni(1−α)Co(α)MoO4 (α = 0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M) nanorods, which were proven as excellent electrode materials in a hybrid supercapacitor. Their electrochemical properties were also dependent on the Ni/Co ratio as demonstrated by different electrochemical techniques. Ni0.5Co0.5MoO4 (α = 0.5 M) offered specific capacity (Qg) = 354 Cg–1@1 Ag–1, a remarkable specific capacity with a notable retention capacity of 92% after 8000 repeated cycles at 10 Ag–1. Ni0.5Co0.5MoO4 with a high surface area outperformed the mono-metallic (NiMoO4) and bimetallic (Ni0.9Co0.1MoO4 and Ni0.7Co0.3MoO4) nanostructures. The hybrid supercapacitor (Ni0.5Co0.5MoO4//activated carbon) delivered a maximum Qcell of 53 Cg–1 at 1 Ag–1 with an energy density of 16.2 Wh kg–1 and power density of 725 W kg–1.
Mechanisms of Magnesium Transport (1991)

Macrophage polarization refers to how macrophages have been activated at a given point in space and time. Polarization is not fixed, as macrophages are sufficiently plastic to integrate multiple signals, such as those from microbes, damaged tissues, and ...Read More
Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder: Successful Treatment with Duloxetine and Pregabalin in Two Cases (2011)

Pregabalin and duloxetine, in particular, should be further investigated as possible medication for the treatment of PGAD.
Immobilization as a Strategy for Improving Enzyme Properties-Application to Oxidoreductases (2014)

The main objective of the immobilization of enzymes is to enhance the economics of biocatalytic processes. Immobilization allows one to re-use the enzyme for an extended period of time and enables easier separation of the catalyst from the product. Additionally, immobilization improves many properties of enzymes such as performance in organic solvents, pH tolerance, heat stability or the functional stability. Increasing the structural rigidity of the protein and stabilization of multimeric enzymes which prevents dissociation-related inactivation. In the last decade, several papers about immobilization methods have been published. In our work, we present a relation between the influence of immobilization on the improvement of the properties of selected oxidoreductases and their commercial value. We also present our view on the role that different immobilization methods play in the reduction of enzyme inhibition during biotechnological processes.
Long noncoding RNAs are spatially correlated with transcription factors and regulate lung development (2014)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are thought to play important roles in regulating gene transcription, but few have well-defined expression patterns or known biological functions during mammalian development. Using a conservative pipeline to identify lncRNAs that have important biological functions, we identified 363 lncRNAs in the lung and foregut endoderm. Importantly, we show that these lncRNAs are spatially correlated with transcription factors across the genome. In-depth expression analyses of lncRNAs with genomic loci adjacent to the critical transcription factors Nkx2.1, Gata6, Foxa2 (forkhead box a2), and Foxf1 mimic the expression patterns of their protein-coding neighbor. Loss-of-function analysis demonstrates that two lncRNAs, LL18/NANCI (Nkx2.1-associated noncoding intergenic RNA) and LL34, play distinct roles in endoderm development by controlling expression of critical developmental transcription factors and pathways, including retinoic acid signaling. In particular, we show that LL18/NANCI acts upstream of Nkx2.1 and downstream from Wnt signaling to regulate lung endoderm gene expression. These studies reveal that lncRNAs play an important role in foregut and lung endoderm development by regulating multiple aspects of gene transcription, often through regulation of transcription factor expression.
Toxicity of Peroxynitrite and Related Reactive Nitrogen Species toward <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1997)

The toxicity of peroxynitrite toward Escherichia coli (expressed as LD50, the concentration required to kill 50% of the bacteria) was found to be independent of bacterial cell densities over a wide experimental range, spanning 10(6)-10(10) colony-forming units/mL; the magnitude of LD50 was also pH-independent over the range pH 5.9-8.3. This highly unusual behavior can be quantitatively reproduced by a dynamical model in which (i) ONO2H is identified as the toxic form of the oxidant and (ii) the bulk of the added peroxynitrite decays to nitrate ion under these conditions. From the model, one estimates that 10(6)-10(7) ONO2H molecules are required to kill a bacterium, indicating a very high intrinsic toxicity (cf. HOCl, for which LD50 = 10(7)-10(8) molecules/cell of E. coli). Nearly complete protection was observed when bicarbonate ion was added to the buffer, even when concentrations of peroxynitrite exceeded 50 times the LD50 measured in the absence of bicarbonate. Consistent with previous reports, combinations of H2O2 and NO and, in weakly acidic media, H2O2 and NO2- were found to exhibit enhanced toxicities relative to the individual reactants. Protection by bicarbonate was utilized to assess the potential role of intermediary formation of ONO2H in bacterial killing in these systems. Approximately 25% protection by bicarbonate was observed for media containing H2O2 and NO2-, consistent with a minor contribution to killing by ONO2H under the experimental conditions. No protection was observed for media containing H2O2 and *NO in both anaerobic and aerobic environments, excluding extracellularly generated ONO2H as a participant in these bactericidal reactions.
A polysiloxane‐based photorefractive polymer with high optical gain and diffraction efficiency* (1995)

Photorefractive polymers have gret potential in applications such as all‐optical switching and optical communication. Here, new charge‐transporting polymers are presented based on a polysiloxane backbone with pendant carbazole groups, which provide both transport and room‐temperature poling properties without the need for additional plasticizing components. A quantitative evaluation of the phase behavior of holographic gratings based on the new materials is also presented.
Development and Evaluation of Potatoes Transgenic for a cry1Ac9 Gene Conferring Resistance to Potato Tuber Moth (2002)

Transgenic potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.) lines of two cultivars, Ilam Hardy and Iwa, were developed using Agrobacterium -mediated transformation to transfer a cry 1Ac9 gene under the transcriptional control of the CaMV 35S promoter. PCR confirmed the presence of the npt II selectable marker gene in all recovered lines. All ten lines of Ilam Hardy and 14 of 15 Iwa lines were PCR-positive for the cry gene. In greenhouse trials, all Ilam Hardy transgenic lines produced phenotypically normal plants and significantly inhibited larval growth of potato tuber moth ( Phthorimaea operculella Zeller). In contrast, only 60% of the Iwa transgenic lines produced phenotypically normal plants, but all lines positive for the cry gene significantly inhibited larval growth. All transgenic lines with a greenhouse appearance equivalent to the nontransgenic controls and improved resistance to potato tuber moth larvae were planted in the field. Three of the ten Ilam Hardy lines and two of the eight Iwa lines retained phenotypically normal appearance in the field and produced tuber yields equivalent to the nontransgenic controls. All five of these transgenic lines significantly inhibited larval growth of potato tuber moth on excised field-grown leaves. A high correlation was established between larval growth indices from the greenhouse and the field. A transgenic line from each cultivar inhibited larval growth by over 40%, and the line derived from Ilam Hardy prevented pupation of all larvae. Southern analysis on these five elite lines revealed that they contained either one or two copies of the cry 1Ac9 gene. The amount of Cry protein in all transgenic lines tested was less than 60 ng·g -1 of fresh leaf tissue. A transgenic line from each cultivar was identified with comparable phenotypic appearance and yield to their parent cultivars coupled with high resistance to PTM.
Performance analysis of combined free/demand assignment multiple access (CFDAMA) protocol for packet satellite communications (2002)

Combined free/demand assignment multiple access (CFDAMA) protocols are suitable for networking bursty data terminals using a wideband packet satellite. We analyze the performance of CFDAMA that use piggybacked reservation. The probability generating function (PGF) of the message delay is developed. The performance is evaluated in terms of average packet delay, variance of packet delay and cumulative probability distribution of packet delay. Comparison with other existing schemes shows CFDAMA to be superior in terms of all the above three performance measures, for a range of user population size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Treatment of menopausal symptoms with three low-dose continuous sequential 17<b>β</b>-estradiol/progesterone parenteral monthly formulations using novel non-polymeric microsphere technology (2015)

The three low-dose continuous sequential intramuscular monthly treatments of E/P using novel microsphere technology were effective at reducing menopausal symptoms at short-term with a low rate of adverse events. More long-term and comparative research is warranted to support our positive findings.
Biologically Active Amphotericin B-Calix[4]arene Conjugates (2006)

In order to provide tools for investigations of amphotericin B ion channels, new conjugates bearing a calix[4]arene scaffold covalently linked to four amphotericin B molecules were synthesized. These macromolecules adopt a cone conformation that mimics the structure of a transmembrane pore. The antifungal activity of the conjugates 3 and 4 was superior or similar to that of native amphotericin B, with minimal inhibitory concentration values of 0.10 and 0.25 microM, respectively. Furthermore, the hemotoxicity of the new conjugates was considerably lower (at least 10 times) than the hemotoxicity of monomeric amphotericin B. Finally, the formation of ion channels in the lipid bilayer by the amphotericin B tetramer was monitored by measuring the K+ efflux from various liposomes.
Silanation of Zeolites (1977)

Na-Y, its ≃31%, ≃54% and 73% H-exchanged forms, Na- and H-mordenites and partially dealuminated H-mordenite have been silanated with SiH4. From 30 to 210°C chemisorption involves exposed -OH groups: At temperatures of 300° and 360°C further reactions occur. If silanated zeolites are treated with water ratios of total H2 evolved to SiH4, consumed approach 4. New -OH groups so introduced also react with SiH4.
A Flicker-Free Field-Sequential Stereoscopic Video System (1984)

This article describes the StereoDimensional™ stereoscopic video system which uses modified standard video equipment and electronic interfaces to produce a true three-dimensional image. The resultant video signal is compatible with existing broadcasting, editing, and recording protocols. A time-multiplexing technique produces alternate left and right subfields. The image is observed by using an individual selection device.
Performance assessment of different pulse reconstruction algorithms for the ATHENA X-ray Integral Field Unit (2016)

The X-ray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) microcalorimeter, on-board Athena, with its focal plane comprising 3840 Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) operating at 90 mK, will provide unprecedented spectral-imaging capability in the 0.2-12 keV energy range. It will rely on the on-board digital processing of current pulses induced by the heat deposited in the TES absorber, as to recover the energy of each individual events. Assessing the capabilities of the pulse reconstruction is required to understand the overall scientific performance of the X-IFU, notably in terms of energy resolution degradation with both increasing energies and count rates. Using synthetic data streams generated by the X-IFU End-to-End simulator, we present here a comprehensive benchmark of various pulse reconstruction techniques, ranging from standard optimal filtering to more advanced algorithms based on noise covariance matrices. Beside deriving the spectral resolution achieved by the different algorithms, a first assessment of the computing power and ground calibration needs is presented. Overall, all methods show similar performances, with the reconstruction based on noise covariance matrices showing the best improvement with respect to the standard optimal filtering technique. Due to prohibitive calibration needs, this method might however not be applicable to the X-IFU and the best compromise currently appears to be the so-called resistance space analysis which also features very promising high count rate capabilities.
Diamon: a model-based troubleshooter based on qualitative reasoning (1993)

Diamon, a diagnosis and monitoring system for troubleshooting dynamic systems, is discussed. The Diamon algorithm combines consistency-based diagnosis with model-based monitoring by integrating technological parameter-based monitoring models and repair-oriented device-based diagnosis models. It uses an extension of Qsim to represent qualitative system models. Diamon can detect and localize a broad range of nonpermanent faults and thus extends traditional diagnosis, which deals exclusively with permanent faulty behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WirelessHART Versus ISA100.11a: The Format War Hits the Factory Floor (2011)

The first decade of the new millennium has been a stage for the rapid development of wireless communication technologies for low-cost, low-power wireless solutions capable of robust and reliable communication [1]. IEEE Standard 802.15.4 for low-rate wireless personal area networks (WPANs) [2] has been the enabling technology for numerous applications within the field of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) [3], and more recently, wireless instrumentation. Although WSNs quickly found their way into a wide variety of applications, the adoption of wireless technology in the process automation and manufacturing industries has been slow. None of the industrial solutions based on standards such as IEEE 802.11 [4], Bluetooth [5], ZigBee [6], and Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) over low-power wireless personal area networks (6L0WPAN) [7] have yet to achieve a breakthrough a widely adopted wireless solution for industrial applications. A major reason for this is believed to be the lack of an open, international standard fulfilling the industrial requirements [8]. This changed in September 2007, when the Highway Addressable Remote Transducer (HART) Communication Foundation (HCF) released the HART Field Communication Protocol Specifi cation, Revision 7.0, which included the definition of a wireless interface to field devices, referred to as Wireless HART [9].
Fe/MgO/FeCo(100) epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions prepared by using <i>in situ</i> plasma oxidation (2003)

Fe/MgO/FeCo epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) were prepared on MgO(100) single crystal substrates by using in situ plasma oxidation for the formation of MgO barriers. The epitaxial relationship of Fe(001)/MgO(001)/FeCo(001) and Fe[100]//MgO[110]//FeCo[100] in the junctions was observed by reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Tunneling transport was clearly observed at low temperatures below about 150 K, and the barrier height of MgO is estimated to be 0.9 eV, which is smaller than the value expected from half of the band gap of bulk MgO. Tunnel magnetoresistance of 23% and 20% was observed at 4.2 and 77 K, respectively. The results suggest that plasma oxidation is useful for fabricating epitaxial magnetic tunnel junctions.
Advances and challenges in genetic engineering of microalgae (2019)

Abstract Knowledge at the molecular level of microalgae has obtained great scientific interest in recent years, because of their potential for biofuel production, as well as other highly valued molecules. Recent advances in the area of the genetic manipulation of microalgae open an entirely new field of possible applications for these organisms as biorefineries. This review represents a compendium that gathers the main milestones that have marked the area of genetic engineering in microalgae during the last decade, from classical techniques for the transformation and expression of transgenes, to the most avant‐garde techniques currently used for gene silencing and DNA edition, as well as a discussion about the future perspectives in this field.
Semisupervised Learning Based Disease-Symptom and Symptom-Therapeutic Substance Relation Extraction from Biomedical Literature (2016)

With the rapid growth of biomedical literature, a large amount of knowledge about diseases, symptoms, and therapeutic substances hidden in the literature can be used for drug discovery and disease therapy. In this paper, we present a method of constructing two models for extracting the relations between the disease and symptom and symptom and therapeutic substance from biomedical texts, respectively. The former judges whether a disease causes a certain physiological phenomenon while the latter determines whether a substance relieves or eliminates a certain physiological phenomenon. These two kinds of relations can be further utilized to extract the relations between disease and therapeutic substance. In our method, first two training sets for extracting the relations between the disease-symptom and symptom-therapeutic substance are manually annotated and then two semisupervised learning algorithms, that is, Co-Training and Tri-Training, are applied to utilize the unlabeled data to boost the relation extraction performance. Experimental results show that exploiting the unlabeled data with both Co-Training and Tri-Training algorithms can enhance the performance effectively.