gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of hydrogen. [lithium borohydride decomposition] (1980)

A description is given of a method of utilizing lithium borohydride for the storage and generation of hydrogen where the lithium borohydride is thermally decomposed to generate hydrogen and the remaining decomposition products (Contaning boron in free or combined form and lithium in free or combined form) are hydrogenated from a separate source of hydrogen so as to reconstitute at least partially the composition as a hydrogen reserve. A further embodiment contemplates the utilization of aluminum in the composition which lowers the reconstitution temperature and increases the hydrogen capacity of the hydrogen reserve.
Ultrasonic Measurement of Stress Using a Rotating EMAT (2000)

Abstract The acoustic birefringence method is primarily used to measure differences of principal stresses in regions where principal stresses coincide with material symmetry axes. To determine the differences of principal stresses also requires knowledge of the unstressed birefringence at the measurement locations. Consequently, variability in texture can introduce errors in stress determination. In contrast, the ultrasonic measurement of shear stress is independent of texture. The shear stress causes a rotation φ of the pure-mode polarization directions of the SH waves used in our experiments. We constructed a motorized electromagnetic-acoustic transducer (EMAT) and used it to measure phase as the EMAT is rotated. We developed an algorithm to determine φ and the birefringence B. We measured the shear stress along parallel scanlines in a residual-stress specimen with known stress state. We calculated the shear stress gradient and used it in the stress-equilibrium equation to determine the normal stress acting along the scanline direction. The other plane stress component was determined from an acoustoelastic relation between B and the difference of normal stresses. Good agreement was obtained with theoretical stress values.
Diffractive optical neural networks designed by deep learning (Conference Presentation) (2019)

We introduce a physical mechanism to perform machine learning by demonstrating a Diffractive Deep Neural Network architecture that can all-optically implement various functions following the deep learning-based design of passive layers that work collectively. We created 3D-printed diffractive networks that implement classification of images of handwritten digits and fashion products as well as the function of an imaging lens at terahertz spectrum. This passive diffractive network can perform, at the speed of light, various complex functions that computer-based neural networks can implement, and will find applications in all-optical image analysis, feature detection and object classification, also enabling new camera designs and optical components that perform unique tasks using diffractive networks.
Biodegradable zwitterionic hydrogels that form in situ under mild and cytocompatible conditions (2016)

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<title>Integrated endoscopic OCT system and in-vivo images of human internal organs</title> (1998)

First results of endoscopic applications of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for in vivo studies of human mucosa in respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary and genital tracts are presented. A novel endoscopic OCT (EOCT) system has been created that is based on the integration of a sampling arm of an all-optical-fiber interferometer into standard endoscopic devices using their biopsy channel to transmit low-coherence radiation to investigated tissue. We have studied mucous membranes of esophagus, larynx, stomach, urinary bladder, uterine cervix and endometrium as typical localization for carcinomatous processes. Images of tumor tissues versus healthy tissues have been recorded and analyzed. Violations of well-defined stratified healthy mucosa structure in cancered tissue is distinctly seen by EOCT, thus making this technique promising for early diagnosis of tumors and precise guiding of excisional biopsy.
A generalized algebraic equation for the pull-in condition in micromachined electrostatic micromirrors: modeling and characterization (2002)

A new analytical approach for modeling the pull-in condition of voltage controlled electrostatic actuators (VCEA) with a general single degree of freedom (DOF) and general shape is presented. The presented approach gives a more general view of the pull-in condition in electrostatic actuators. The pull-in condition for an electrostatic actuator is defined in the voltage and degree of freedom plane. Then a general algebraic equation, referred to as the pull-in equation, is derived for the actuator. The solution of this equation directly yields the pull-in condition. Several case studies are then presented and their pull-in characteristics are summarized.
CD99 Is Essential for Leukocyte Diapedesis In Vivo (2008)

Recruitment of leukocytes into inflamed tissue requires migration of leukocytes from the blood stream across the endothelial lining and the basement membrane of the local blood vessels. CD99 in humans is a 32-kDa highly O-glycosylated cell surface protein expressed on most leukocytes. The authors recently found CD99 to be expressed in leukocytes and at human endothelial cell contacts. Human CD99 is involved in homophilic interaction between the two cell types and participates in the transendothelial migration of monocytes and polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) in vitro. To test the role of CD99 in vivo, the authors cloned murine CD99 (muCD99), expressed it in vitro, and generated a blocking monoclonal antibody against it. We first showed that muCD99 is expressed on mouse leukocytes as well as enriched at the endothelial cell borders. Transfection of cells with muCD99 imparts on them the ability to aggregate in a CD99-dependent homophilic manner. Cells expressing muCD99 did not bind to cells expressing murine or human platelet endothelial call adhesion molecule (PECAM) or human CD99. In the thioglycollate peritonitis model of inflammation, anti-CD99 monoclonal antibody blocked the recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes by over 40% and 80%, respectively, at 18 h. Microscopy showed that this blocking occurred at the luminal surface of venules. The authors conclude that CD99 plays a major role in the emigration of leukocytes in vivo.
Design and Evaluation of a Fast and Robust Worm Detection Algorithm (2006)

Abstract — Fast spreading worms are a reality, as amply demonstrated by worms such as Slammer, which reached its peak propagation in a matter of minutes. With these kinds of fast spreading worms, the traditional approach of signature-based detection is no longer sufficient. Specifically, these worms can infect all vulnerable hosts well before a signature is available. To counter them, we must devise fast detection algorithms that can detect new worms without signatures as they first begin to appear. We present the design and evaluation of such an algorithm in this paper. The key to the algorithm is the identification of certain invariant characteristics of worm propagation. Specifically, we are able to demonstrate using real network traces how worm propagation can perturb the arrival process distribution of unsolicited packets. Our algorithm employs a novel two-step procedure that combines a first stage change point detection with a second stage growth rate inference to confirm the existence of aworm. To evaluate the algorithm, we have applied it to multi-year network traces that cover many of the major worm outbreaks in recent years, including Slammer, Witty, Nimda and Blaster. In all cases, the new algorithm is able to detect the worm within a very short time, well before significant infection has taken place. I.
Aerial photogrammetry procedure optimized for micro uav (2014)

Abstract. This paper proposes the automatic aerial photogrammetry procedure optimized for Micro UAV that has ability of autonomous flight. The most important goal of our proposed method is the reducing the processing cost for fully automatic reconstruction of DSM from a large amount of image obtained from Micro UAV. For this goal, we have developed automatic corresponding point generation procedure using feature point tracking algorithm considering position and attitude information, which obtained from onboard GPS-IMU integrated on Micro UAV. In addition, we have developed the automatic exterior orientation and registration procedure from the automatic generated corresponding points on each image and position and attitude information from Micro UAV. Moreover, in order to reconstruct precise DSM, we have developed the area base matching process which considering edge information. In this paper, we describe processing flow of our automatic aerial photogrammetry. Moreover, the accuracy assessment is also described. Furthermore, some application of automatic reconstruction of DSM will be desired.
Selective laser pyrolysis of metalorganics as a method of forming patterned thin-film superconductors (1988)

Fine line superconductors of Y-Ba-Cu-O were formed on 〈100〉 SrTiO3 by the completely nonvacuum techniques of metalorganic deposition and selective laser pyrolysis. Lines 35 μm wide were written, using an Ar laser, in metal neodecanoates prior to pyrolysis. Regions of the metalorganics not exposed to laser pyrolysis were developed away using a xylene wash. Complete pyrolysis of the metal neodecanoates and rapid thermal annealing produced lines having superconducting onsets above 90 K and zero resistance at 69 K.
Accurate Real-Time Resistivity Interpretation in Vertical and Deviated Wells (2007)

Abstract Real-time array resistivity data interpretation is normally performed by means of point-by-point 1D inversion. Such an approach is error-prone and causes productive zones to be overlooked. In this paper, we propose a real-time 2D and 3D interpretation process for array resistivity logs. This interpretation process is able to run in real-time by relying on a set of precalculated look up tables of tool responses and a hands-off interpretation procedure. We test the method on a benchmark model and a case study. Synthetic and field examples demonstrate the capability of the technology to deliver in real-time high quality results that are now achievable only with the interpretation capabilities of a log analysis center.
Proximity Motion Detection Using 802.11 for Mobile Devices (2007)

The market for 802.11 based wireless LAN technology has matured greatly in recent years and it is now being used in homes, offices, cafes, airports, and even in hot spots in urban areas. Each 802.11 frame transmitted from 802.11 equipped devices contains information on signal strength and noise. By measuring the signal strength information included in frames sent from a fixed node to a mobile node, it is possible to approximate the distance between the fixed and mobile node. However, as many research papers pointed out, positioning based on received signal strength is difficult, since 802.11 is very susceptible to the effects of various factors, such as reflection or attenuation of the signals. In this paper, we take into account these behavioral characteristics of 802.11 and propose a different approach, where instead of trying to estimate the exact location of a mobile node, we only try to detect incoming movement or access within a given proximity range. Since most recent mobile devices available in the market incorporate or have the capability to add-on 802.11 technologies, mobile users can utilize motion sensing applications without relying on other technologies such as RF-tags or infrared.
Electrolytes in Support of 5V Li-ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract : This ground breaking invention enables Li-ion batteries to operate at high voltage (5V), which is impossible with current state-of-art electrolytes. There is a strong commercial interest in high voltage, or 5V Li ion batteries Various candidates LiCoPO4, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, Li2FeCoPO4 etc, projected to deliver 1540% more energy than state-of-art LiFePO4 The additive invented by SEDD is easy to prepare, low in cost and causes minimum impact on the existing battery manufacturing processing The electrolyte formulated is an open and flexible system that is compatible with multiple cathode chemistries Demonstrated on LiCoPO4 in a previous presentation Now on spinel systems
Relaxation oscillation suppression in intra-cavity optical parametric oscillators (2009)

We describe a passive technique for the suppression of the relaxation oscillations exhibited by optical parametric oscillators pumped internal to laser cavities where gain media with long upper state lifetimes, such as Nd:YAG/YLF/YVO4, are involved.
Next Generation of Workflows for Multilevel Assisted History Matching and Production Forecasting: Concept, Implementation and Visualization (2013)

Abstract Traditional reconciliation of geomodels with production data is one of the most laborious tasks in reservoir engineering. The uncertainty associated with the great majority of model variables only adds to the overall complexity. This paper describes the conceptualization, implementation, and visualization characteristics of the multilevel assisted history matching (AHM) technique that captures inherent model uncertainty and allows for better quantification of production forecasts. The workflow is applied to history matching of the pilot area in a major, structurally complex Middle East (ME) carbonate reservoir. The simulation model combines 49 wells in five waterflood patterns to match 50 years of oil production and 12 years of water injection and to predict eight years of production. Initially, the reservoir model was calibrated to match oil production by modifying permeability and/or porosity at well locations and by fine-tuning rock-type properties and water saturation. The second level history match implemented two-stage Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) stochastic optimization to minimize the misfit in water cut on a well-by-well basis. The inversion process is dramatically accelerated by the efficient parameterization of permeability, constraining the proxy model using streamline-based sensitivities and using parallel and cluster computing. The optimal number of representative history-matched models was identified to capture the uncertainty in reservoir spatial connectivity using rigorous optimization and dynamic model ranking based on forecasted oil recovery factors (ORFs). The reduced set of models minimized the computational load for forecast-based analysis, while retaining the knowledge of the uncertainty in the recovery factor. The comprehensive probabilistic AHM workflow was implemented at the operator's North Kuwait Integrated Digital Oilfield (KwIDF) collaboration center. It delivers an optimized reservoir model for waterflood management and automatically updates the model quarterly with geological, production, and completion information. This allows engineers to improve the reservoir characterization and identify the areas that require more data capture.
Chirp Managed Laser and Applications (2010)

The chirp managed laser (CML) is an alternative transmitter technology that allows a directly modulated laser (DML) to be used in high-performance applications with a smaller size, lower power consumption, less device complexity, and lower cost. The CML comprises a DML and an isolated, passive optical filter. A key feature of the CML is its large tolerance to fiber dispersion, reaching over 360 km transmission at 10 Gb/s in standard single-mode fiber without dispersion compensation. The combination of adiabatic chirp from the laser and filter edge response produces high extinction ratio pulses with nearly uniform phase, abrupt phase shifts at bit transitions, and a correlation between the 1 bits; 1 bits separated by odd number of 0 bits are out of phase. This results in destructive intersymbol interference after fiber transmission. Other applications of CML are generation of advanced modulation formats, such as return-to-zero (RZ) alternate mark inversion, and RZ differential phase-shift keying. Tunable CML using DFB array, and sampled grating deterministic bit rate (DBR) technologies for 10 Gb/s metro applications have now been demonstrated. A four-element DBR array CML has also been demonstrated for 100 Gb/s metro applications. This paper reviews the principle of operation of CML and its various applications, as well as recent advances in CML-based devices.
Response to Comment on “RNA-guided DNA insertion with CRISPR-associated transposases” (2020)

Rice <i>et al</i> suggest that the CRISPR-associated transposase ShCAST system could lead to additional insertion products beyond simple integration of the donor. We clarify the outcomes of ShCAST-mediated insertions in <i>Escherichia coli</i>, which consist of both simple insertions and integration of the donor plasmid. This latter outcome can be avoided by use of a 5' nicked DNA donor.
Virus-Based Transient Expression Vectors for Woody Crops: A New Frontier for Vector Design and Use (2013)

Virus-based expression vectors are commonplace tools for the production of proteins or the induction of RNA silencing in herbaceous plants. This review considers a completely different set of uses for viral vectors in perennial fruit and nut crops, which can be productive for periods of up to 100 years. Viral vectors could be used in the field to modify existing plants. Furthermore, with continually emerging pathogens and pests, viral vectors could express genes to protect the plants or even to treat plants after they become infected. As technologies develop during the life span of these crops, viral vectors can be used for adding new genes as an alternative to pushing up the crop and replanting with transgenic plants. Another value of virus-based vectors is that they add nothing permanently to the environment. This requires that effective and stable viral vectors be developed for specific crops from endemic viruses. Studies using viruses from perennial hosts suggest that these objectives could be accomplished.
A cell-free biosynthesis platform for modular construction of protein glycosylation pathways (2019)

Glycosylation plays important roles in cellular function and endows protein therapeutics with beneficial properties. However, constructing biosynthetic pathways to study and engineer precise glycan structures on proteins remains a bottleneck. Here, we report a modular, versatile cell-free platform for glycosylation pathway assembly by rapid in vitro mixing and expression (GlycoPRIME). In GlycoPRIME, glycosylation pathways are assembled by mixing-and-matching cell-free synthesized glycosyltransferases that can elaborate a glucose primer installed onto protein targets by an N-glycosyltransferase. We demonstrate GlycoPRIME by constructing 37 putative protein glycosylation pathways, creating 23 unique glycan motifs, 18 of which have not yet been synthesized on proteins. We use selected pathways to synthesize a protein vaccine candidate with an α-galactose adjuvant motif in a one-pot cell-free system and human antibody constant regions with minimal sialic acid motifs in glycoengineered Escherichia coli. We anticipate that these methods and pathways will facilitate glycoscience and make possible new glycoengineering applications.
Difference between Influences of Homologous and Heterologous Maternal Antibodies on Response to Serotype-2 and Serotype-3 Marek's Disease Vaccines (1981)

Marek's disease (MD) vaccines representing serotypes 2 (SB-1 strain of MD virus) and 3 (FC-126 strain of turkey herpesvirus) were administered to 1-day-old MD-susceptible chicks that either were free of antibodies or carried maternally derived antibodies against SB-1, FC-126, or a serotype-1 MD virus, CU-2 strain. Homologous antibodies delayed the development of vaccine virus viremias and inhibited vaccinal immunity, as judged by protection against challenge with the virulent JM-10 strain of MD virus 7 days postvaccination. Heterologous antibodies had little effect on vaccine responses. Antibodies were shown to interfere with both cell-associated and cell-free vaccine virus.
Speech Enhancement Using Noise Estimation With Dynamic Quantile Tracking (2019)

A technique for quantile-based noise estimation is presented for single-input speech enhancement in hearing aids and speech communication devices. The noise spectrum is updated by dynamic tracking of quantiles of the samples of the magnitude spectrum of the noisy speech without sorting of the past samples. Another technique is presented for improved tracking of nonstationary noise using adaptive quantiles, which are calculated by estimation of the quantile functions. The two noise estimation techniques are compared with some of the earlier techniques in terms of computational requirement, error in noise tracking, and speech enhancement using spectral subtraction based on the geometric approach. The technique with fixed quantiles has the lowest computational requirement and its performance in terms of noise tracking and speech enhancement for different SNRs and noise types is found to be better than or comparable to the earlier techniques. The technique with adaptive quantiles, having a higher computational requirement, provides better performance at low SNRs and for nonstationary noises.
A Multistep DRIE Process for Complex Terahertz Waveguide Components (2016)

A silicon deep reactive-ion etching (DRIE) process has been developed, using multiple SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> masks to enable multidepth waveguide features with ±2% tolerance. The unique capability of this process is demonstrated by designing, fabricating, and testing an orthomode transducer working in the 500-600 GHz frequency range. Straight waveguide measurements are also performed to characterize the losses associated with the multistep DRIE process, giving results slightly better than expected for metal-machined waveguides. This process enables the integration of multiple terahertz waveguide components such as mixers, multipliers, quadrature hybrids, and polarization twists onto a single silicon package.
Logical MS/MS scans: a new set of operations for tandem mass spectrometry (2018)

A new set of operations for tandem mass spectrometry in a linear ion trap is described. Logical MS/MS operations categorize compounds in mixtures based on characteristic structural features as revealed by MS/MS behavior recorded in multiple fragmentation pathways. This approach is a conceptual extension of tandem mass spectrometry in which interrogation of the full data domain is performed by simultaneous implementation of precursor and neutral loss scans. This process can be thought of as moving through the 2D MS/MS data domain along multiple scan lines simultaneously, which allows experiments that explore the 2D data domain of MS/MS to be couched in terms of logical operations, AND, NAND (not and), OR (inclusive or), XOR (exclusive or), NOT, etc. Examples of particular logical conditions include all precursor ions that fragment to both of two selected product ions (logical AND), or all precursor ions that do not produce a specified fragment ion (logical NOT). These and other operational modes (TRUE/FALSE, XOR, OR, etc.) complement and extend the existing set of conventional MS/MS scans, namely product scans, precursor scans, and neutral loss scans. We describe the implementation of logical MS/MS scans on a commercial linear ion trap mass spectrometer using simple mixtures of amphetamines and fentanyl analogues and argue their utility for complex mixture analysis.