gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging: The Multiple Sensitive Point Method (1980)

After outlining the basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and of NMR imaging, the paper gives an account of the multiple sensitive point (MSP) method of NMR imaging. High-quality proton NMR images of potential medical and biological usefulness have been produced by the MSP method, of fruit, small animals, and the live human hand, wrist and forearm. The paper briefly discusses tissue discrimination, tumour detection, resolution in the image, imaging time, extension to whole-body sizes, radio frequency penetration, the use of other nuclei, and hazard. The advantages of NMR tomography as a method of medical imaging and of the MSP method in particular, are discussed.
SmoothCache: HTTP-Live Streaming Goes Peer-to-Peer (2012)

In this paper, we present SmoothCache, a peer-to-peer live video streaming (P2PLS) system. The novelty of SmoothCache is threefold: i) It is the first P2PLS system that is built to support the relatively-new approach of using HTTP as the transport protocol for live content, ii) The system supports both single and multi-bitrate streaming modes of operation, and iii) In Smoothcache, we make use of recent advances in application-layer dynamic congestion control to manage priorities of transfers according to their urgency. We start by explaining why the HTTP live streaming semantics render many of the existing assumptions used in P2PLS protocols obsolete. Afterwards, we present our design starting with a baseline P2P caching model. We, then, show a number of optimizations related to aspects such as neighborhood management, uploader selection and proactive caching. Finally, we present our evaluation conducted on a real yet instrumented test network. Our results show that we can achieve substantial traffic savings on the source of the stream without major degradation in user experience.
Locality-sensitive operators for parallel main-memory database clusters (2014)

The growth in compute speed has outpaced the growth in network bandwidth over the last decades. This has led to an increasing performance gap between local and distributed processing. A parallel database cluster thus has to maximize the locality of query processing. A common technique to this end is to co-partition relations to avoid expensive data shuffling across the network. However, this is limited to one attribute per relation and is expensive to maintain in the face of updates. Other attributes often exhibit a fuzzy co-location due to correlations with the distribution key but current approaches do not leverage this. In this paper, we introduce locality-sensitive data shuffling, which can dramatically reduce the amount of network communication for distributed operators such as join and aggregation. We present four novel techniques: (i) optimal partition assignment exploits locality to reduce the network phase duration; (ii) communication scheduling avoids bandwidth underutilization due to cross traffic; (iii) adaptive radix partitioning retains locality during data repartitioning and handles value skew gracefully; and (iv) selective broadcast reduces network communication in the presence of extreme value skew or large numbers of duplicates. We present comprehensive experimental results, which show that our techniques can improve performance by up to factor of 5 for fuzzy co-location and a factor of 3 for inputs with value skew.
Real-time air quality operational forecasting systems in Spain: an application of the MM5-CMAQ-EMIMO modelling system (2008)

In this contribution we show the description, implementation and operation of an Operational Air Quality Forecasting System for industrial plants, urban and regional areas. The system is called OPANA (OPerational Atmospheric Numerical model for urban and regional Areas) and is the evolution and result of more than 10 years of research on sophisticated state-of-the-art numerical air quality modelling systems and the implementation on state-of-the-art computer platforms. The system is in operation since 2005 although older versions started to operate at the end of the 90’s. The OPANA tool is operating on different industrial plants in the south of Madrid area and also over urban areas such as Madrid (Spain), Leicester City (U.K.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Canary Islands, Spain). OPANA modelling tool is actually operating with MM5 mesoscale meteorological model (PSU/NCAR, US) and the CMAQ (Community Multiscale Air Quality Modelling System) model developed by EPA (US). Additionally, a complex emission model (EMIMO) developed by our group in UPM (Spain) in 2001 is also described and needed to provide accurate hourly and high spatial resolution (1 km) pollution emission data at global level. Results show that these tools can provide reliable and robust information to authorities and industrial managers to control – in forecasting mode – the air quality in the surrounding areas of the industrial plant or to forecast the air quality in the whole city or region.
Three-dimensional polymeric structures of single-wall carbon nanotubes (2014)

We explore by ab initio calculations the possible crystalline phases of polymerized single-wall carbon nanotubes (P-SWNTs) and determine their structural, elastic, and electronic properties. Based on direct cross-linking and intertube sliding-assisted cross-linking mechanisms, we have identified a series of stable three-dimensional polymeric structures for the zigzag nanotubes up to (10,0). Among proposed P-SWNT phases, the structures with favorable diamond-like sp(3) intertube bonding configuration and small tube cross-section distortion are found to be the most energetically stable ones. These polymeric crystalline phases exhibit high bulk and shear moduli superior to SWNT bundles, and show metallic or semiconducting properties depending on the diameter of constituent tubes. We also propose by hydrostatic pressure simulations that the intertube sliding between van der Waals bonded nanotubes may be an effective route to promote the polymerization of SWNTs under pressure.
Thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched diamonds (1992)

The results of Anthony et al. [Phys. Rev. B 42, 1104 (1990)] on the thermal conductivity at 25 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C of diamonds grown with a reduced $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ concentration are analyzed. The effect of reducing the $^{13}\mathrm{C}$ concentration is about ten times greater than these authors expected, but it is shown here that the results are not out of line with calculations made by using the variational theory of thermal resistivity, although exact predictions of the effect could not have been made prior to the measurements.
Abstract 12490: Effects of Muscle Stretching on Endothelium-Dependent Vasodilation and Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow of Aged Rats (2014)

Background: The aim of this study was to determine whether passive muscle stretching enhances endothelium-dependent vasodilation and increases blood flow in skeletal muscle arterioles of aged rats. Methods: Stretching consisted of ankle dorsiflexion splinting, and was performed for 30 min daily for 4 wks in male Fischer 344 rats (n=16, 20 mo old). After splinting, soleus muscle arterioles were isolated, cannulated and pressurized at 70 cm H2O. We assessed vasodilation to acetylcholine (Ach) in the absence and presence of L-NAME, and endothelium-independent vasodilation to Dea-NONOate. We also measured blood flow to the soleus muscle, gastrocnemius muscle, tibialis anterior (TA) muscle, flexor hallicus longus (FHL) muscle, flexor digitorum longus (FDL) muscle and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle with radioactive microspheres during walking at 15 m/min on a treadmill. Vasodilatory responses and skeletal muscle blood flows in the stretched limb were compared with those in the contralateral limb. Result...
Solution NMR structure of <i>Escherichia coli</i> ytfP expands the structural coverage of the UPF0131 protein domain family (2007)

The Supplementary Material referred to in this article can be found at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/0887-3585/suppmat/ Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Longitudinal Brain Corticotropin Releasing Factor and Somatostatin in a Transgenic Mouse (TG2576) Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

Neuropeptides corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) and somatostatin (SRIF) are substantially decreased in cortical regions of Alzheimer's disease (AD) post-mortem brain tissue. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Abeta) in AD brain has been postulated to be neurotoxic. Using male Tg2576 mice transgenic over-expressing amyloid-beta protein precursor (APP), we examined brain concentrations of CRF and SRIF at 12, 18 and 24 months. Mice were evaluated for locomotor activity and spatial memory. The APP mice had continued increased locomotor activity from 6 months of age compared to controls. Spatial memory was impaired beginning at 12 months in the APP mice relative to controls. APP mice at 24 months had a significantly higher number of amyloid plaques when compared to the 12 and 18 month time points. Brain concentrations of SRIF and CRF were significantly altered in a number of cortical and sub-cortical brain regions relative to controls, but in most regions were increased rather than decreased as in clinical AD. This data shows that although the insertion of the APP gene does cause age dependent increase in plaque load, it does not cause a change in regional neuropeptides consistent with AD, suggesting that neuropeptide changes in AD are not solely due to Abeta load.
Nanoplasmonic Sensing Architectures for Decoding Membrane Curvature-Dependent Biomacromolecular Interactions (2018)

Nanoplasmonic sensors have emerged as a promising measurement approach to track biomacromolecular interactions involving lipid membrane interfaces. By taking advantage of nanoscale fabrication capabilities, it is possible to design sensing platforms with various architectural configurations. Such capabilities open the door to fabricating lipid membrane-coated nanoplasmonic sensors with varying degrees of membrane curvature in order to understand how biomacromolecular interaction processes are influenced by membrane curvature. Herein, we employed an indirect nanoplasmonic sensing approach to characterize the fabrication of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) on silica-coated nanowell and nanodisk sensing platforms and to investigate how membrane curvature influences membrane-peptide interactions by evaluating the corresponding measurement responses from different spectral signatures that are sensitive to specific regions of the sensor geometries. SLBs were prepared by the vesicle fusion method, as monitored in real-time by nanoplasmonic sensing measurements and further characterized by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) experiments. By resolving different spectral signatures in the nanoplasmonic sensing measurements, it was determined that peptide binding induces membrane disruption at positively curved membrane regions, while peptide binding without subsequent disruption was observed at planar and negatively curved regions. These findings are consistent with the peptide's known preference to selectively form pores in positively curved membranes, providing validation to the nanoplasmonic sensing approach and highlighting how the integration of nanoplasmonic sensors with different nanoscale architectures can be utilized to study the influence of membrane curvature on biomacromolecular interaction processes.
Heat generation in plasmonic nanostructures: Influence of morphology (2009)

Using the Green’s dyadic method, we investigated numerically the heat generation in gold nanoparticles when illuminated at their plasmonic resonance. Two kinds of structures are discussed—colloidal-like nanoparticles and lithographic planar nanostructures—putting special emphasis on the influence of the object’s morphology at a constant metal volume. The mechanism of heating is explained and discussed by mapping the heating power density inside the structures. This work aims at giving an intuitive and original understanding of the relative heating efficiency of a wide set of morphologies and could stand for a basis recipe to design optimized plasmonic nanoheaters.
[Arteritis and fatty degeneration of the spermatic cord resembling periarteritis nodosa: a case report]. (1986)

A 23-year old male was admitted to our hospital because of swelling of the left scrotum for one month without any particular past history. Blood count, chemistry, urinalysis, chest X-ray and electrocardiogram revealed normal findings. Scrotal exploration was performed. A soft, dumbbell-like tumor enveloped in a thin membrane was found above the left testis. Pathology revealed fibrinous exudation and fibrinoid necrosis in the whole vessel wall indicating resemblance to the panarteritis in periarteritis nodosa. Some granulomatous lesions with many histiocytes were also noted around these arteries. The findings suggested that a inflammation like periarteritis nodosa had occurred at the spermatic cord and subsequently developed into fatty degeneration in the surroundings. Since local periarteritis nodosa-like lesion may progress to systematic disease, further observation is mandatory for this case.
The mitochondria-targeted peptide SS-31 binds lipid bilayers and modulates surface electrostatics as a key component of its mechanism of action (2020)

Mitochondrial dysfunction underlies many heritable diseases, acquired pathologies, and aging-related declines in health. Szeto-Schiller (SS) peptides comprise a class of amphipathic tetrapeptides that are efficacious toward a wide array of mitochondrial disorders and are believed to target mitochondrial membranes because they are enriched in the anionic phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). However, little is known regarding how SS peptides interact with or alter the physical properties of lipid bilayers. In this study, using biophysical and computational approaches, we have analyzed the interactions of the lead compound SS-31 (elamipretide) with model and mitochondrial membranes. Our results show that this polybasic peptide partitions into the membrane interfacial region with an affinity and a lipid binding density that are directly related to surface charge. We found that SS-31 binding does not destabilize lamellar bilayers even at the highest binding concentrations; however, it did cause saturable alterations in lipid packing. Most notably, SS-31 modulated the surface electrostatics of both model and mitochondrial membranes. We propose nonexclusive mechanisms by which the tuning of surface charge could underpin the mitoprotective properties of SS-31, including alteration of the distribution of ions and basic proteins at the interface, and/or modulation of bilayer physical properties. As a proof of concept, we show that SS-31 alters divalent cation (calcium) distribution within the interfacial region and reduces the energetic burden of calcium stress in mitochondria. The mechanistic details of SS-31 revealed in this study will help inform the development of future compound variants with enhanced efficacy and bioavailability.
Development of a gravimetric geoid for New Zealand and a single national vertical datum (2003)

Abstract. New Zealand, unlike most countries, does not have a single national vertical datum. In-stead, twelve separate and poorly linked primary levelling networks tied to twelve different tide gauges are used. The current vertical datums are based on the false assumption that mean sea level, measured at the twelve tide gauges, corresponds to an equipotential surface. Due to the effects of long-period tides and sea surface topography, offsets of up to 0.5 metres between vertical datums are possi-ble. In addition, no regional geoid model is avail-able for New Zealand. A consequence of the multiple vertical datums is that the gravity observations are downward contin-ued to twelve different surfaces. This will cause the anomalies to be distorted, especially in the medium wavelengths, which will propagate into the geoid solution, meaning that the initial solution will not completely unify the datums. An iterative process to achieve a better unification is proposed. It is expected that this approach will be more successful than using a geoid model based on distorted gravity anomalies. The results of a regional gravimetric geoid computation using land based gravity obser-vations, satellite altimetry and a global geopotential model are also presented.
Power spectrum measurement of a modulated semiconductor laser using an interferometric self-homodyne technique: influence of quantum phase noise and field correlation (1989)

The amplitude-phase coupling effect introduces important dynamic line broadening in modulated semiconductor laser systems. The theory of a technique allowing measurement of the broadened spectrum using a single laser is presented. The quantum phase fluctuations of the lasing field are shown to be of great importance to the photocurrent spectrum of the mixed fields. Expressions for the photocurrent spectrum, which is shown to measure the optical field modulation power spectrum, are derived. Measurement results illustrating the theory are also presented. >
Molecular basis of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: Mutations in the type VII collagen gene (COL7A1) (1997)

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB), a group of heritable blistering diseases characterized by tissue separation within the cutaneous basement membrane zone, is inherited either in an autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive fashion. EB has been divided into four broad categories based on the precise level of tissue separation. In the dystrophic forms of EB (DEB), tissue separation occurs below the lamina densa within the upper papillary dermis at the level of anchoring fibrils, which are frequently altered in morphology, reduced in number, or entirely absent. Since type VII collagen is the major component of anchoring fibrils, the corresponding gene, COL7A1, was proposed as the candidate for DEB. Subsequent cloning of COL7A1 and elucidation of its genomic structure have led to identification of 53 distinct mutations in COL7A1 reported thus far. These mutations consist of nonsense mutations, small insertions or deletions resulting in frameshift and premature termination codons, splice site mutations, or missense mutations, particularly glycine substitutions within the collagenous domain of the protein. The types and combinations of these mutations and their positions along the type VII collagen molecule result in a spectrum of phenotypic severity and determine the mode of inheritance. Thus, examination of the mutation database has allowed genotype/phenotype predictions, with an impact on genetic counseling in this group of genodermatoses.
Remodelling of ionic currents in hypertrophied and failing hearts of transgenic mice overexpressing calsequestrin (2000)

Overexpression of cardiac calsequestrin (CSQ) impairs Ca2+ signalling in murine myocytes, leading to marked cardiac hypertrophy. Here we report on contractile, histological and electrophysiological changes accompanying the development of cardiac hypertrophy and failure in CSQ-overexpressing mice. CSQ mice developed contractile dysfunction after 60 days of age, with only 40% survival at 6 months. Four- to 6-month-old CSQ mice revealed biventricular dilatation, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, patchy interstitial fibrosis and tissue calcifications. Cardiac hypertrophy of CSQ mice was accompanied by progressive P-R and Q-T interval prolongation, conduction blocks, 2-fold prolongation of the ventricular action potential and increased cellular membrane capacitance. Remodelling of ionic currents included marked reduction of both density and absolute magnitude of transient outward (Ito) and inward rectifying (IK1) K+ currents. The density, but not the absolute magnitude, of basal and isoproterenol (isoprenaline)-stimulated Ca2+ current (ICa) was decreased by 42% and the inactivation kinetics of ICa were significantly slowed. Na+ current density was suppressed by 50%, but its steady-state activation and inactivation were shifted to more positive potentials. The density of Na+-Ca2+ exchange current was increased by 35%. In CSQ but not in control myocytes dialysed with cAMP, isoproterenol continued to enhance ICa. This apparent lower responsiveness of ICa to cAMP could be reversed by the non-hydrolysable cAMP analogue 8-Br-cAMP or the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX, suggesting high phosphodiesterase activity of CSQ myocytes. In young CSQ mice (< 60 days) with compensated cardiac hypertrophy, only Ito was significantly suppressed. All other currents remained relatively intact. An increase in cardiac Ca2+-storage capability by overexpression of CSQ results in a dilated cardiomyopathy with tissue fibrosis, calcifications, impaired beta-adrenergic signalling and progressive remodelling of ionic currents. The extent of the changes in ionic currents was age dependent.
Model-Based Detection and Isolation of Rudder Faults for a Small UAS (2015)

New regulatory safety standards will soon require unmanned aircraft systems to meet high levels of reliability. There is potential to increase the reliability of such systems without necessarily increasing the number of hardware components. This paper motivates a mix of physical and analytical redundancy in order to increase the system-level reliability of a small unmanned aircraft. The aircraft discussed in this paper has a split rudder for fault-tolerant control. Hardware faults, such as a stuck rudder, need to be detected and isolated in real-time in order for the controller to be reconfigured. In this paper, flight dynamics principles are used to design a model-based filter for detecting and isolating stuck faults in the split rudder of the aircraft. A classical controller is developed in order to make the aircraft robust to stuck rudder faults. The performance and robustness of the filter is evaluated, in closed-loop, through high fidelity simulations. The results in this paper highlight the potential for increasing the reliability of safety-critical aviation systems through analytical redundancy.
Een pasgeborene die bellen blaast - alarmsignaal voor oesofagusatresie (2013)

When a newborn develops feeding difficulties, is blowing bubbles or has excessive saliva, it is important to consider the diagnosis of oesophageal atresia. Prenatal detection of oesophageal atresia is difficult. Postnatal bubble blowing, resulting from the inability to swallow excessive oropharyngeal secretions, is pathognomonic. These symptoms should trigger the midwife or physician to consider this diagnosis. We present three cases to illustrate the difficulties of early recognition and the consequences of a late detection of this condition. The first and third cases show that a delayed diagnosis of oesophageal atresia can lead to dangerous situations. Our second case illustrates that not every poorly drinking neonate has oesophageal atresia, and that this diagnosis may be rejected if the physician is able to pass a nasogastric tube. In every neonate who is unable to drink, we advise attempting to pass a nasogastric tube and taking a chest x-ray to distinguish between oesophageal atresia and other causes of feeding problems