gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlled Dielectric Properties of Polymer Composites from Coating Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes with Octa-acrylate Silsesquioxane through Diels–Alder Cycloaddition and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2014)

A synthetic strategy of coating multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with cross-linkable octa-acrylate polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) by combining Diels–Alder cycloadditions with atom transfer radical polymerization in a controlled manner is reported. First, the furfuryl-2-bromoisobutyrate is synthesized by an esterification reaction from 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide and furfuryl alcohol. Then, the MWCNT-based initiators of atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) are synthesized through a Diels–Alder reaction between MWCNTs and furfuryl-2-bromoisobutyrate with controlled grafted content. The MWCNT initiators are used to initiate the ATRP reaction of the octa-acrylate POSS on the MWCNT surface. Finally, a core–shell structure with a MWCNT at the center is obtained, with the thickness of the POSS shell adjusted through different initiators from 5, 10, to 15 nm. The POSS-coated MWCNT is compounded with polyvinylidene fluoride to obtain a kind of composite which has both high dielectric permittivity and low dielectric loss.
Non-volatile optical memory in vertical van der Waals heterostructures (2020)

Abstract Emulating synaptic plasticity in an artificial neural network is crucial to mimic the basic functions of the human brain. In this work, we report a new optoelectronic resistive random access memory (ORRAM) in a three-layer vertical heterostructure of graphene/CdSe quantum dots (QDs)/graphene, which shows non-volatile multi-level optical memory under optical stimuli, giving rise to light-tunable synaptic behaviors. The optical non-volatile storage time is up to ~450 s. The device realizes the function of multi-level optical storage through the interlayer changes between graphene and QDs. This work highlights the feasibility for applying two-dimensional (2D) materials in ORRAM and optoelectronic synaptic devices towards artificial vision.
Filtering color images in the xyY color space (2002)

This paper presents a new approach to color filtering which operates on the representation of an image in the xyY color space. The filtering scheme, aided by the color mixing rule which applies to the 2D chromatic subspace spanned by the x and y coordinates, is shown to preserve the convexity of the chromatic information. Some examples of lowpass filtering with the new technique are reported.
Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in the Community: Impact of Diagnostic Criteria on the Burden, Correlates, and Prognosis (2018)

Age- and sex-specific reference limits may result in DD assessments that are less dependent on age, more robustly related to modifiable risk factors, and are more closely associated with incident cardiovascular disease.
Molecular Detection of Mutations Associated with First- and Second-Line Drug Resistance Compared with Conventional Drug Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2011)

The emergence of multi- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis is a significant impediment to the control of this disease because treatment becomes more complex and costly. Reliable and timely drug susceptibility testing is critical to ensure that patients receive effective treatment and become noninfectious. Molecular methods can provide accurate and rapid drug susceptibility results. We used DNA sequencing to detect resistance to the first-line antituberculosis drugs isoniazid (INH), rifampin (RIF), pyrazinamide (PZA), and ethambutol (EMB) and the second-line drugs amikacin (AMK), capreomycin (CAP), kanamycin (KAN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), and ofloxacin (OFX). Nine loci were sequenced: rpoB (for resistance to RIF), katG and inhA (INH), pncA (PZA), embB (EMB), gyrA (CIP and OFX), and rrs, eis, and tlyA (KAN, AMK, and CAP). A total of 314 clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates representing a variety of antibiotic resistance patterns, genotypes, and geographical origins were analyzed. The molecular data were compared to the phenotypic data and the accuracy values were calculated. Sensitivity and specificity values for the first-line drug loci were 97.1% and 93.6% for rpoB, 85.4% and 100% for katG, 16.5% and 100% for inhA, 90.6% and 100% for katG and inhA together, 84.6% and 85.8% for pncA, and 78.6% and 93.1% for embB. The values for the second-line drugs were also calculated. The size and scope of this study, in numbers of loci and isolates examined, and the phenotypic diversity of those isolates support the use of DNA sequencing to detect drug resistance in the M. tuberculosis complex. Further, the results can be used to design diagnostic tests utilizing other mutation detection technologies.
Understanding natural language for spacecraft sequencing (1987)

The paper describes a natural language understanding system, START, that translates English text into a knowledge base. The understanding and the generating modules of START share a Grammar which is built upon reversible transformations. Users can retrieve information by querying the knowledge base in English; the system then produces an English response. START can be easily adapted to many different domains. One such domain is spacecraft sequencing. A high-level overview of sequencing as it is practiced at JPL is presented in the paper, and three areas within this activity are identified for potential application of the START system. Examples are given of an actual dialog with START based on simulated data for the Mars Observer mission.
Processing of the SARS-CoV pp1a/ab nsp7–10 region (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus is the causative agent of a respiratory disease with a high case fatality rate. During the formation of the coronaviral replication/transcription complex, essential steps include processing of the conserved polyprotein nsp7-10 region by the main protease Mpro and subsequent complex formation of the released nsp's. Here, we analyzed processing of the coronavirus nsp7-10 region using native mass spectrometry showing consumption of substrate, rise and fall of intermediate products and complexation. Importantly, there is a clear order of cleavage efficiencies, which is influenced by the polyprotein tertiary structure. Furthermore, the predominant product is an nsp7+8(2 : 2) hetero-tetramer with nsp8 scaffold. In conclusion, native MS, opposed to other methods, can expose the processing dynamics of viral polyproteins and the landscape of protein interactions in one set of experiments. Thereby, new insights into protein interactions, essential for generation of viral progeny, were provided, with relevance for development of antivirals.
The Maximisation of Control in Industrial Relations Systems (1979)

The primary purpose of this book is to argue that control over work is the central issue in industrial relations. To understand the latter it is necessary to determine what control comprises: how it can be achieved; and what the consequences of achieving it are. But taken at face value 'control' is highly perjorative: its connotation in ordinary usage is the possession of authority, the utterance of commands and the operation of restrictions or sanctions to ensure compliance with those commands. As such, in the context of British industrial relations especially, it may appear to have a somewhat authoritarian ring about it. Much existing analysis of industrial relations in Britain and North America has focused on the system of collective bargaining as the proper object of study, on the reasonable grounds that in these societies it is by far the most widespread method of regulating relations between employers and employees. At the level of the enterprise that engages with trade unions to bargain collectively about the allocation of scarce organisational resources, this focus has frequently provided penetrating insights into the behaviour and functioning of the various parties concerned. Yet there are three major limitations of the collective bargaining approach.KeywordsTrade UnionCollective BargainingIndustrial RelationUnion MembershipJoint RegulationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Optimal Operation of Greenhouses in Microgrids Perspective (2018)

An optimal energy management strategy for greenhouses is proposed in this paper for both grid-connected and islanded modes, i.e., microgrids perspective. Especially, the islanded mode is focused due to the scarcity of resources and inability to suffice all loads during the entire islanded period. In normal mode, the greenhouse can trade power with the utility grid to minimize its operation cost. In islanded mode, only local resources can be used, and thus precedence of different control parameters is defined to optimize the growth of plants. In addition, an algorithm is developed to avoid the acceptable range violation of the same parameter in consecutive intervals. The four major control parameters considered in this paper are indoor temperature, relative humidity, CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentration, and indoor lighting. In order to enhance the sustainability of the greenhouse, renewable sources, energy storage systems, and combined heat and power units are incorporated into the model. The uncertainties associated with renewable generations and loads (electric, heat, and cooling) are realized via robust optimization method. The effect of uncertainties on operation cost and power trading with the utility grid in grid-connected mode along with operation cost and control parameters' violation intervals in islanded mode are analyzed. Finally, the effect of event occurrence time on the violation intervals of the control parameters is analyzed. Numerical simulations have proved the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Stem-cell extracellular vesicles and lung repair (2017)

Four out of the ten leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide are lung diseases. Despite advances in comprehending the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in these disorders, for several respiratory diseases, there is still no effective treatment able to stop their natural history or reverse the morphological and functional damage they cause. In this context, recent research has supported a potential role of cell therapy for lung diseases and critical illness. The anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic, and microbicidal effects of stem cells are mainly attributed to their secretome, which contains proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and mRNAs. These are secreted in the conditioned medium and are also present in extracellular vesicles (EVs). This review will provide a detailed discussion of the role of EVs produced by mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical experimental models of pulmonary disorders and critical illness, as well as in ongoing clinical trials.
Antiferroelectric phase transitions in AB<sub>0,5</sub>Sb<sub>0,5</sub>O<sub>3</sub>perovskite structure compounds (1988)

Abstract X-ray. dielectric. dilatometric and other characteristics of complex metal oxides AB0,5Sb0,5O3 have been studied.
Phase-locked pulses for two-dimensional spectroscopy by a birefringent delay line (2012)

We introduce the translating wedge-based identical pulses encoding system, a novel device for the generation of collinear, interferometrically locked ultrashort pulse pairs. By means of birefringent wedges, we are able to control the pulse delay with attosecond precision and stability better that λ/360, without affecting the pulse duration and in a spectral range that spans from UV to mid-IR. This device is expected to dramatically simplify two-dimensional spectroscopy experiments.
A scalable end-to-end Gaussian process adapter for irregularly sampled time series classification (2016)

We present a general framework for classification of sparse and irregularly-sampled time series. The properties of such time series can result in substantial uncertainty about the values of the underlying temporal processes, while making the data difficult to deal with using standard classification methods that assume fixed-dimensional feature spaces. To address these challenges, we propose an uncertainty-aware classification framework based on a special computational layer we refer to as the Gaussian process adapter that can connect irregularly sampled time series data to any black-box classifier learnable using gradient descent. We show how to scale up the required computations based on combining the structured kernel interpolation framework and the Lanczos approximation method, and how to discriminatively train the Gaussian process adapter in combination with a number of classifiers end-to-end using backpropagation.
Picture Coding for Digital Still Camera. (1992)

This paper describes a picture-coding technology for a digital still camera which records still images on a memory card The JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) is working on standardizing the digital compression and coding of still images. It is desirable to apply this standard to the digital still camera However, the number of bits to record a fixed number of images on a memory card is comparatively small We propose a method of controlling the bit rate by calculating the activity of images before coding The quantize matrix and the bit allocation for each coding block are determined by the image and the block activity As a result, the number of images recordable on a memory card is fixed and the coded data can be decoded with a standard JPEG decoder 1.
10.4: Image Stability in Active‐Matrix Microencapsulated Electrophoretic Displays (2002)

Abstract Image stability, that is the unpowered maintenance of any desired lightness state over time, is essential to the development of ultra‐low power information appliance displays. In this paper, we quantify the image stability of displays made with microencapsulated electrophoretic materials. We describe a metric for image stability and show that the image stability for the saturated black and white states of current electrophoretic materials used in active‐matrix displays is at least of order 10 6 s. Image stability is also demonstrated for grayscales, i.e., lightnesses intermediate to those of the saturated states, and we show that it is maintained when subjected to temperature variations over a typical operating range of 0 to 50 °C.
HIGH QUALITY FILTERS FOR LOW QUALITY FUELS (1982)

Diesel fuel picks up contaminants while in storage, during transfer, or inside the vehicle tank itself. Water and dirt are the most prevalent impurities in domestic fuel, and probably the most harmful. This article focuses on three types of fuel filters: the depth type filter consisting of cotton or viscose threads wrapped in a cloth sock or packed in a metal container, the surface type, or paper element filter, usually a resin impregnated paper folded into many pleats to provide a large filtering surface within a small space, and finally a combination depth and surface filter.
New Insights on Atomic-Resolution Frequency-Modulation Kelvin-Probe Force-Microscopy Imaging of Semiconductors (2009)

We present dynamic force-microscopy experiments and first-principles simulations that contribute to clarify the origin of atomic-scale contrast in Kelvin-probe force-microscopy (KPFM) images of semiconductor surfaces. By combining KPFM and bias-spectroscopy imaging with force and bias-distance spectroscopy, we show a significant drop of the local contact potential difference (LCPD) that correlates with the development of the tip-surface interatomic forces over distinct atomic positions. We suggest that variations of this drop in the LCPD over the different atomic sites are responsible for the atomic contrast in both KPFM and bias-spectroscopy imaging. Our simulations point towards a relation of this drop in the LCPD to variations of the surface local electronic structure due to a charge polarization induced by the tip-surface interatomic interaction.
Unnatural L0 Sparse Representation for Natural Image Deblurring (2013)

We show in this paper that the success of previous maximum a posterior (MAP) based blur removal methods partly stems from their respective intermediate steps, which implicitly or explicitly create an unnatural representation containing salient image structures. We propose a generalized and mathematically sound L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> sparse expression, together with a new effective method, for motion deblurring. Our system does not require extra filtering during optimization and demonstrates fast energy decreasing, making a small number of iterations enough for convergence. It also provides a unified framework for both uniform and non-uniform motion deblurring. We extensively validate our method and show comparison with other approaches with respect to convergence speed, running time, and result quality.
Fear and Loathing in the Classroom (2003)

School violence represents a real threat to the safety of students and staff; however, the belief that it is proliferating—as well as the aggressive, prescriptive response on the part of many administrators to this perception—may be ill advised. This article provides the reader with a balanced perspective as well as a synthesis of best-evidence research describing effective interventions that help prevent school violence. Ultimately, the most successful approaches must involve the “problem” student in the solution by valuing his or her membership in the school community and fostering meaningful relationships with peers and staff.
Carbon Quantum Dots and Their Derivative 3D Porous Carbon Frameworks for Sodium‐Ion Batteries with Ultralong Cycle Life (2015)

A new methodology for the synthesis of carbon quantum dots (CQDs) for large production is proposed. The as-obtained CQDs can be transformed into 3D porous carbon frameworks exhibiting superb sodium storage properties with ultralong cycle life and ultrahigh rate capability, comparable to state-of-the-art carbon anode materials for sodium-ion batteries.
Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Management Review for Nurses. (2021)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life-threatening adverse drug reaction that relies on quick assessment and treatment by the health care team to prevent poor outcomes. Nurses can play a critical role in recognizing disease, advocating for patients, and facilitating treatment by being familiar with current guideline recommendations and risk stratification approaches. The purpose of this article is to review management of HIT including pathogenesis, clinical presentation, current guideline recommendations for risk assessment, laboratory testing, and treatment, as well as discuss nonheparin anticoagulation options that may be ordered when HIT is suspected.
Training Methods and Organisation Development (1978)

How far is training in your organisation concerned with developing individual skills or developing the overall performance of people to work together in the organisation more effectively? Traditionally, training has been concerned with developing individual skills. The emphasis has been upon apprentice training where people develop the technical expertise to do particular tasks. Alongside this ran the professional training required for accountants and others so that a company had individuals with specific knowledge to undertake functional roles.
Exponential tails and random advection (1991)

A simple phenomenological model for a passive scalar subject to a mean gradient and undergoing random advection plus molecular mixing yields an exponential distribution as a consequence of general analytic properties of the steady-state solution. The result persists in the presence of a coherent mean flow. Experimental realizations of our model are proposed.
Delta-Selective Glycopeptides Related to Enkephalin Produce Profound Analgesia with Reduced Side Effects in Mice (2004)

The use of endogenous neuropeptides such as enkephalins and endorphins as drugs has remained an elusive goal since the 1970's. The principle reason for this is that peptides generally do not cross the blood-brain barrier, and are quickly degraded in the blood stream prior to delivery to opiate receptors in the brain. Animal research with glycosylated enkephalins and endorphins (dynorphins) indicates that potent analgesia is possible after intravenous or sub-cutaneous injection. Glycopeptides derived from delta-selective opioid agonists have 2-3X the potency of morphine, and lack many of the side effects associated with muagonists such as morphine. Morphine is still used on the battlefield for combat casualty care, and it is anticipated that further development of the glycopeptide analgesics will result in superior analgesics with greatly reduced side effects. Recent developments in this area are reported.
Modification os RBF Network Architecture (2017)

Modification os RBF Network Architecture
A cloud-based approach to big graphs (2015)

Data sizes in today's Big Data age presents a profound scalability challenge to modeling networks as graphs. Historically, memory-based solutions were utilized to cope with high latency incurred by irregular data access common in many natural networks. But current data rates impose both economic and environmental challenges to continually expand the total aggregate system memory to “fit” the graph. Graph scalability has wide-reaching impact since network analysis has expanded beyond its traditional fields into many areas of research including neuroscience, genomics, bioinformatics, and social network analysis. We present a Cloud-based approach that scales with Big Data while being fault-tolerant, applying it on the largest problem size in the Graph500 benchmark to traverse a Petabyte graph consisting of over 4 trillion vertices and 70 trillion edges, a size nearly twenty times the physical memory capacity of our computing platform.
Accelerating the convergence of message passing on loopy graphs using eigenmessages (2004)

We present the 'eigenmessage for accelerating the convergence of message passing algorithms used for decoding LDPC codes. In the eigenmessage step, elements of a message along a cycle of edges are expressed as a linear combination of that message itself, giving rise to an eigenequation whose solution - the eigenmessage - is equivalent to the fixed point of the closed loop message passing algorithm, where the other edges incident on the nodes in the cycle are held fixed. The decoding algorithm iterates among the eigenmessage steps for the cycles in the graph and conventional message passing for edges not in the cycles. The eigenmessage algorithm results in faster convergence (approximately 70 percent) without any compromise in error performance compared with conventional message passing algorithms.