gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal microflora and homeostasis of the mucosal immune response: implications for probiotic bacteria? (2003)

The intestinal microflora can be considered a postnatally acquired organ that is composed of a large diversity of bacteria that perform important functions for the host and can be modulated by environmental factors, such as nutrition. Specific components of the intestinal microflora, including lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, have been associated with beneficial effects on the host, such as promotion of gut maturation and integrity, antagonisms against pathogens and immune modulation. Beyond this, the microflora seems to play a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal immune homeostasis and prevention of inflammation. The contribution of the intestinal epithelial cell in the first line of defense against pathogenic bacteria and microbial antigens has been recognized. However, the interactions of intestinal epithelial cells with indigenous bacteria are less well understood. This review will summarize the increasing scientific attention to mechanisms of the innate immune response of the host towards different components of the microflora, and suggest a potential role for selected probiotic bacteria in the regulation of intestinal inflammation.
Quantification of the Na+/K+ ratio based on the different response of a newly identified G-quadruplex to Na+ and K+ (2013)

A G-quadruplex is identified which can exhibit two different motifs, respectively, corresponding to Na(+) and K(+). The relative amount of each motif is related to the Na(+)/K(+) ratio. Based on selective recognition of the G-quadruplex motifs by a cyanine dye aggregate, a method for both colorimetric and quantitative measurements of Na(+)/K(+) ratios is constructed.
Antithymocyte globulin for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis in transplants from unrelated donors: 2 randomized studies from Gruppo Italiano Trapianti Midollo Osseo (GITMO) (2001)

One hundred nine patients with hematologic malignancies, undergoing bone marrow transplants (BMT) from unrelated donors, were randomized in 2 consecutive trials to receive or not to receive antithymocyte globulin (ATG) in the conditioning regimen, as follows: (A) 54 patients (median age, 28 years; 39% with advanced disease) were randomized to no ATG (n = 25) versus 7.5 mg/kg rabbit ATG (Thymoglobulin; Sangstat, Lyon, France) (n = 29); (B) 55 patients (median age, 31 years, 71% with advanced disease) were randomized to no ATG (n = 28) versus 15 mg/kg rabbit ATG (n = 27). Grade III-IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was diagnosed in 36% versus 41% (P =.8) in the first and in 50% versus 11% (P =.001) in the second trial. Transplant-related mortality (TRM), relapse, and actuarial 3-year survival rates were comparable in both trials. In fact, despite the reduction of GVHD in the second trial, a higher risk for lethal infections (30% vs 7%; P =.02) was seen in the arm given 15 mg/kg ATG. Extensive chronic GVHD developed overall more frequently in patients given no ATG (62% vs 39%; P =.04), as confirmed by multivariate analysis (P =.03). Time to 50 x 10(9)/L platelets was comparable in the first trial (21 vs 24 days; P =.3) and delayed in the ATG arm in the second trial (23 vs 38 days; P =.02). These trials suggest that (1) 15 mg/kg ATG before BMT significantly reduces the risk for grade III-IV acute GVHD, (2) this does not translate to a reduction in TRM because of the increased risk for infections, and (3) though survival is unchanged, extensive chronic GVHD is significantly reduced in patients receiving ATG.
Chromosome instability in colorectal tumor cells is associated with defects in microtubule plus-end attachments caused by a dominant mutation in <i>APC</i> (2003)

The attachment of microtubule plus ends to kinetochores and to the cell cortex is essential for the fidelity of chromosome segregation. Here, we characterize the causes underlying the high rates of chromosome instability (CIN+) observed in colorectal tumor cells. We show that CIN+ tumor cells exhibit inefficient microtubule plus-end attachments during mitosis, accompanied by impairment of chromosome alignment in metaphase. The mitotic abnormalities associated with CIN+ tumor cells correlated with status of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Importantly, we have shown that a single truncating mutation in APC, similar to mutations found in tumor cells, acts dominantly to interfere with microtubule plus-end attachments and to cause a dramatic increase in mitotic abnormalities. We propose that APC functions to modulate microtubule plus-end attachments during mitosis, and that a single mutant APC allele predisposes cells to increased mitotic abnormalities, which may contribute to tumor progression.
Overexpression of IK cytokine ameliorates the development of murine autoimmune arthritis (P5148) (2013)

Abstract Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoinflammatory disorder characterized by synovial hyperplasia and infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as by the progressive destruction of cartilage and bone. Self-antigen presentation through aberrant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expressing B cells produces autoantibodies, leading to development of more erosive RA. IK cytokine functions as an inhibitor of interferon γ (IFNγ)-induced MHC class II on B cells. Although its cellular and molecular mechanisms have remained unclear, IK cytokine has previously been linked to autoimmune diseases such as lupus nephritis and alopecia areata. Here, we investigated the role of IK cytokine in the pathogenesis of murine autoimmune arthritis. We generated immunodeficient arthritis mice (tIK-Tg-IL-1RaKO) by cross-breeding transgenic mice expressing truncated IK (tIK-Tg) with knockout mice lacking the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra-KO). In this regard, the Type II collagen (CII) immunized tIK-Tg-IL-1RaKO mice showed mild type arthritis and lower incidence than CII immunized IL-1RaKO mice. tIK-Tg-IL-1RaKO mice also showed decreased proinflammatory cytokine expression and immune cell expansion. Taken together, these results suggest that overexpression of IK cytokine may suppress the development of autoimmune arthritis by modulating inflammatory response in the case of autoimmune arthritis. Key words: IK cytokine, MHC class II, Rheumatoid arthritis
Identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae (2006)

Objectives: Streptococcus pneumoniae, pneumococcus, is an importanthuman pathogen that causes both serious invasive infections, suchas septicaemia, meningitis and pneumonia, as well as mild upper respiratoryinfections. It also belongs to the normal nasopharyngeal microbialflora. The purpose of this study was to compare bacteriologicalphenotypic methods with genetechnological methods in the identificationof pneumococci, especially among suspect pneumococcal isolateslacking one or more typical characteristics. In addition, we evaluatedthe usefulness of an STGG medium for the transport and storage ofnasopharyngeal specimens and nasopharyngeal bacterial isolates.
University Governance in Turkey (2010)

Since 1946, when the Turkish political system made a first transition to democracy, the Turkish university system has often been one of the focal points of political debate. The stakeholders include the universities themselves, the Inter-university Council, the Committee of University Rectors, the Council on Higher Education (CHE), the Ministry of National Education (MNE), the Council of Ministers, the President of the Republic, parliamentary parties, professional associations, graduate associations of various universities, representatives of various types of high schools, as well as a host of others. Not only are they often pitted against each other in this complex power game, but many are divided among themselves as well. To the outside observer, the difficulties encountered in operating a university system may appear to be somewhat unusual. To those familiar with the context and the tradition of higher education that has prevailed since the beginning of Ottoman modernisation, they probably seem natural.
Transgenic rescue from embryonic lethality and renal carcinogenesis in the Eker rat model by introduction of a wild-type <i>Tsc2</i>  gene (1997)

We recently reported that a germ-line insertion in the rat homologue of the human tuberous sclerosis gene (TSC2) gives rise to dominantly inherited cancer in the Eker rat model. In this study, we constructed transgenic Eker rats with introduction of a wild-type Tsc2 gene to ascertain whether suppression of the Eker phenotype is possible. Rescue from embryonic lethality of mutant homozygotes (Eker/Eker) and suppression of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced renal carcinogenesis in heterozygotes (Eker/+) were both observed, defining the germ-line Tsc2 mutation in the Eker rat as embryonal lethal and tumor predisposing mutation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of rescue from a naturally occurring dominantly inherited cancer. This transgenic rescue system will be useful to analyze Tsc2 gene function, its relation to tumorigenesis in vivo, and genetic-environmental interactions in carcinogenesis.
Novel Therapeutic Targets for Somatostatin in Inflammatory Chronic Diseases (2005)

Somatostatin binds to five receptors sst1-sst5, belonging to the G-protein coupled receptor super family. So far, only sst2 preferring analogs, presenting also high affinity for sst5 and moderate affinity for sst3, are available for clinical use to treat certain hormonal disorders and tumors (pituitary adenomas and gastroenteropancreatic tumors) with longlasting efficacy and minimal side-effects as observed in patients with acromegaly. Recent strategies based on sequence modifications, such as D-substitutions, deletions, backbone cyclisation technology, novel thiourea scaffolds, along with combinatorial chemistry, lead to the discovery of peptide and non peptide compounds, with either combined affinities for two or more receptor subtypes, or exclusive selectivity for one of them, or a universal profile binding, more stable than the natural peptides. A large field of potential novel drugs has been open. Molecular mechanisms for anti-inflammatory properties of somatostatin and analogs involve anti-secretory, anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties, which may be receptor selective. The great diversity of new analogs and major progress in the understanding of biological activity of somatostatin and receptors support strategies for targeting somatostatin to treat some chronic inflammatory diseases which are still a major cause of disability. Keywords: somatostatin, somatostatin receptors, somatostatin analogs, chronic inflammatory diseases, cytokines, apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis
Repetitive current limiter based on polymer PTC resistor (1998)

Until now, one shot devices as fuses have been used for the limitation and interruption of short-circuit currents. A repetitive current limiter (CL) has been developed using a polymer composite as the functional part of the device. The CL is able to limit and interrupt a fault current flowing through it by a fast increase of its resistance by eight to ten orders of magnitude. Short-circuit tests were carried out on an AC generator circuit with a prospective test current of 16 kA/sub RMS/, U=220 V/sub RMS/, which was limited to 3 kA in peak. Also further short-circuit tests were performed using a capacitor battery with variable prospective currents between 0.7 and 78 kA/sub RMS/. The limitation of the short-circuit current by the CL is caused by the thermal expansion of the matrix of the polymer composite, which leads to a forced separation of the conducting filler particles. This fast motion in the sub-ms range with amplitudes on a /spl mu/m-scale is monitored by using a fast laser distance sensor. The necessary mechanical expansion of the polymer composite for a limitation of the current to a negligible value is 40 /spl mu/m within 700 /spl mu/s.
Drogues : risquer une question (2004)

Résumé Réduction des risques : le faux procès du contrôle social.
Effect and Distribution of Contrast Medium after Injection into the Anterior Suprachoroidal Space in Ex Vivo Eyes (2011)

These results suggest that the SCS can expand, in a dose-dependent manner, to accommodate various volumes of fluid and that it is possible to image the SCS with ultrasound contrast. The authors' hypothesis that a single anterior SCS injection can reach the ocular posterior segment was supported. Further development of SCS injections for treatment of the ocular posterior segment is warranted.
Event detection from evolution of click-through data (2006)

Previous efforts on event detection from the web have focused primarily on web content and structure data ignoring the rich collection of web log data. In this paper, we propose the first approach to detect events from the click-through data, which is the log data of web search engines. The intuition behind event detection from click-through data is that such data is often event-driven and each event can be represented as a set ofquery-page pairs that are not only semantically similar but also have similar evolution pattern over time. Given the click-through data, in our proposed approach, we first segment it into a sequence of bipartite graphs based on theuser-defined time granularity. Next, the sequence of bipartite graphs is represented as a vector-based graph, which records the semantic and evolutionary relationships between queries and pages. After that, the vector-based graph is transformed into its dual graph, where each node is a query-page pair that will be used to represent real world events. Then, the problem of event detection is equivalent to the problem of clustering the dual graph of the vector-based graph. The clustering process is based on a two-phase graph cut algorithm. In the first phase, query-page pairs are clustered based on thesemantic-based similarity such that each cluster in the result corresponds to a specific topic. In the second phase, query-page pairs related to the same topic are further clustered based on the evolution pattern-based similarity such that each cluster is expected to represent a specific event under the specific topic. Experiments with real click-through data collected from a commercial web search engine show that the proposed approach produces high quality results.
GaN High-Electron Mobility Transistor Track-and-Hold Sampling Circuit With Over 100-dB Signal-to-Noise Ratio (2016)

A track-and-hold sampling circuit (THSC) fabricated in gallium nitride (GaN) high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on silicon carbide substrate is presented for the first time, considering the impact of GaN HEMT memory effects on the sampled signal. A single-transistor GaN track-and-hold sampler with an external gate-bootstrapping sampling clock demonstrates over 100-dB signal-to-noise ratio with 700-MHz track-mode bandwidth.
Genome-Wide Linkage-Disequilibrium Mapping to the Candidate Gene Level in Melon (Cucumis melo) (2017)

Cucumis melo is highly diverse for fruit traits providing wide breeding and genetic research opportunities, including genome-wide association (GWA) analysis. We used a collection of 177 accessions representing the two C. melo subspecies and 11 horticultural groups for detailed characterization of fruit traits variation and evaluation of the potential of GWA for trait mapping in melon. Through genotyping-by-sequencing, 23,931 informative SNPs were selected for genome-wide analyses. We found that linkage-disequilibrium decays at ~100 Kb in this collection and that population structure effect on association results varies between traits. We mapped several monogenic traits to narrow intervals overlapping with known causative genes, demonstrating the potential of diverse collections and GWA for mapping Mendelian traits to a candidate-gene level in melon. We further report on mapping of fruit shape quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and comparison with multiple previous QTL studies. Expansion of sample size and a more balanced representation of taxonomic groups might improve efficiency for simple traits dissection. But, as in other plant species, integrated linkage-association multi-allelic approaches are likely to produce better combination of statistical power, diversity capture and mapping resolution in melon. Our data can be utilized for selection of the most appropriate accessions for such approaches.
Biodegradable Glycopolymeric Micelles Obtained by RAFT-controlled Radical Ring-Opening Polymerization (2016)

The design and synthesis of an entirely degradable glycopolymer micelle was presented. This design relies on the utilization of RAFT-controlled radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP) technique to afford multiple insertions of cleavable ester linkages onto the backbone of the corona. RAFT polymerization using a macroRAFT agent based on poly(ε-caprolactone) PCL was employed to control the polymerization of well-defined statistical glycopolymers of 1-O-acryloyl-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-d-fructopyranose (1-O-AiPrFru) and 5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane (BMDO) monomer. Three block copolymers were synthesized to generate poly(ε-caprolactone)-b-poly[(1-O-acryloyl-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidene-β-d-fructopyranose)-co-(5,6-benzo-2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane)] (PCL-b-P[(1-O-AiPrFru)-co-(BMDO)]) with varying block lengths. Self-assembly of the deprotected block copolymers generated nonspherical egg shaped micelles, where the shorter chains PCL106-b-P[(1-O-AFru)69-co-(BMDO)9] underwent self-assembly forming micelles with the hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of 106 nm. The biodegradation of these micelles were investigated via enzymatic degradation by Lipase Pseudomonas sp., indicating entirely degradable architectures, which are no longer visible via dynamic light scattering (DLS). SEC further confirmed the appearance of fragmented glycopolymeric units. In vitro cell proliferation assay of the micelles and their degradation products revealed no toxicity against healthy human fibroblast HS27 and breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The polymer concentration range tested was up to 0.20 mg·mL–1 with the cell viabilities of ≥95%.
Permeability Behavior and the Effective Stress Law for a Partially Fractured Eagle Ford Shale Sample (2017)

We present recent argon gas permeability experiments conducted in a partially fractured Eagle Ford Shale sample using the transient pulse decay method at in-situ stress conditions. Permeability decreases by almost an order of magnitude while cycling the confining pressure (Pc) between 27.6 to 51.6 MPa at a constant pore pressure (Pp) of 14.4 MPa. Most of the permeability decrease is within the first loading and unloading cycle. Three subsequent Pc cycles show only a marginal decrease in permeability (less than 10% variation between the start and the end of each cycle). We interpret that the permeability loss is due to the closing of micro-fractures in the rock caused by stress-relief during sample retrieval from the subsurface and/or during the sample preparation process. Permeability of the sample after three Pc cycles varies between 18 and 37 nD (1nD ≈ 10-21 m2), depending on the effective stress (Pc – Pp), and follows a power-law-type relationship. The permeability at the lowest Pc – Pp, where we observed a persistent dual-timescale pressure response behavior indicating dual permeability structure, is approximately an order of magnitude higher than our intact Eagle Ford samples. We interpret that the higher permeability is mainly due to partial closure of a pre-existing fracture that extends nearly half the sample length. We next explore the permeability behavior of this sample under different Pc and Pp conditions to examine their relative effect on permeability. The preliminary results suggest that the effective stress coefficient for permeability (nk) is close to 1, slightly higher than our intact Eagle Ford samples (0.7 to 0.9 ± 0.2). This is significantly different from the values reported in literature for Eagle Ford Shale. A more thorough understanding of how permeability changes with confining stress and pore pressure evolution will help to inform optimal production strategies for the gas shale reservoirs.
Offset errors caused by the resonance asymmetry in the waveguide-type optical passive resonator gyro (2011)

The resonance asymmetry in the waveguide ring resonator and its influence on the offset errors of the waveguide-type optical passive resonator gyro (OPRG) are demonstrated experimentally and theoretically. The offset errors are produced by the resonance asymmetry especially when the phase modulation spectroscopy technique is involved in the OPRG. Modulation frequencies of both the clockwise and counterclockwise lightwaves are determined to decrease the offset errors. The fundamental solution to eliminate the asymmetry influence on the OPRG is also proposed.
Mobile Cache Protocol: a dynamic object relocation protocol for wide area networks (2002)

This paper proposes a relocation protocol of a replicated object in a widely distributed object system called Mobile Cache Protocol (MCP). MCP has four basic features: it creates a replicated object and allocates it on an intermediate site to reduce the latency of object retrieval in a wide area network; it supports both client and server oriented updates to achieve object consistency; it supports reservation of replication of an object; and several clients can share a replicated object to enhance storage efficiency. The protocol is summarized and implementation and various experiments of the protocol are described. Though it is designed for a distributed object based system, MCP also can be applied to dynamic Web caching.
Muc4/Sialomucin Complex, the Intramembrane ErbB2 Ligand, Translocates ErbB2 to the Apical Surface in Polarized Epithelial Cells (2003)

Muc4/Sialomucin complex (SMC) acts as an intramembrane ligand for the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2, inducing a limited phosphorylation of the receptor. Because Muc4/SMC is found at the apical surfaces of polarized epithelial cells and ErbB2 is often basolateral, the question arises as to whether these components become associated in polarized cells. To address this question, we examined the localization of these proteins in polarized human colon carcinoma CACO-2 cells. Dual color immunofluorescence analysis by confocal microscopy demonstrated the basolateral localization of the ErbB2 in these cells; it is primarily co-localized with E-cadherin at adherens junctions. Expression of apical Muc4/SMC in these cells by transient transfection results in the localization of the ErbB2 at the apical surface. Two-color confocal microscopy indicated that ErbB2 is colocalized with Muc4/SMC in the transfected cells but not in untransfected cells in the same culture. The change of localization of ErbB2 was confirmed by cell surface biotinylation of apical and basolateral proteins, followed by streptavidin precipitation and the subsequent detection of ErbB2 by immunoblotting. In contrast, Na+/K+-ATPase maintains its basolateral localization in Muc4/SMC-transfected cells, indicating that the translocation of ErbB2 is not the result of depolarization of the cells. A potential physiological role for the apical localization of ErbB2 is indicated by the fact that ErbB2 phosphorylated at tyrosine 1248 is found predominantly in Muc4/SMC-transfected cells, but not in untransfected cells, and is co-localized with the apical Muc4/SMC. The ability of Muc4/SMC to alter the localization of ErbB2, particularly a phosphorylated form of it, in epithelial cells, suggests that it has an important role in regulating ErbB2 signaling.