gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Targeted gene therapy of autoimmune diseases: advances and prospects (2005)

Idealized gene therapy of autoimmune diseases would mean getting the right drug to the right place at the right time to affect the right mechanism of action. In other words, a specific gene therapy strategy needs to have functional, spatial and temporal specificity. Functional specificity implies targeting the cellular, molecular and/or genetic mechanisms relevant to the disease, without affecting nondiseased organs or tissues through mechanisms that cause adverse effects. Spatial specificity means the delivery of the therapeutic agent exclusively to sites and cells that are relevant to the disease. Temporal specificity is, in principle, synonymous with controlled on-demand expression of the therapeutic gene and thus represents a major safety feature. This article reviews recent advances in strategies to use gene therapy in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Desiccant composition for supercritical CO/sub 2/ (1988)

This patent describes a process for reducing the moisture content of substantially supercritical moist carbon dioxide which comprises contacting moist carbon dioxide at substantially supercritical conditions of temperature and pressure of about 70/sup 0/F to 150/sup 0/F and 1071 psia to 2400 psia with a desiccant composition comprising glycerine containing 5%w to about 20% by weight of at least one bis-hydroxymethyl dioxane based on the total weight of the composition and recovering substantially supercritical carbon dioxide having reduced moisture content.
Pseudo-Partial-Power Converter without High Frequency Transformer for Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Stations (2018)

This paper presents a new partial power converter (PPC) for the DC-DC stage of electric vehicle (EV) fast charging stations. The proposed converter handles only a fraction of the total power delivered from the grid to the battery, increasing the overall system efficiency and power density, while potentially reducing the cost of the charger. The proposed topology is based on a switched capacitor between the AC terminals of an H-bridge converter, and does not require high frequency isolation transformers to provide a controllable voltage source between the DC-link and the battery. The proposed concept can be implemented using interleaved power cells, which can improve the power quality, reduce inductor size, and enable scalability for higher power rating chargers. The operating principle, partial operation analysis, control scheme, and simulation results are presented to validate the proposed concept.
Novel IQ Imbalance Estimation for Wideband MIMO OFDM Systems with CFO (2019)

This paper deals with IQ imbalance in wideband MIMO OFDM systems. In systems with a large bandwidth, the IQ imbalance will be frequency-dependent and hence can not be described by a single parameter. Furthermore if there is a carrier-frequency offset (CFO), the IQ imbalance estimation in a MIMO system with multiple channels becomes a challenging task. However the CFO introduces a time-varying component to the received signal which we exploit to estimate the model parameters using a carefully designed training sequence. This approach derives the TX and RX IQ imbalance separately in an accurate fashion. We verify this by simulations and also show the estimated IQ imbalance in a hardware prototype we have built.
Fundamental physics and applications of whispering-gallery mode resonators (2007)

The focus of this tutorial is the underlying physics of whispering gallery mode (WGM) optical resonators, and their applications in photonics, quantum optics, and fundamental physics.
Heteroanalogues of PCBM: N‐Bridged Imino‐PCBMs for Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2009)

Crossing the bridge: Two isomeric iminofullerenes, [5,6]-open azafulleroid 1 and [6,6]-closed aziridinofullerene 2, were prepared by cycloaddition of an organic azide to C(60). These "azalogues" enable the study of the effects of the bridging atom in a fullerene cage, that is, C(60)-like (5,6-open) versus PCBM-like (6,6-closed), as a function of their pi systems (PCBM = [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester).
Doped In-Ge-Te Phase Change Memory Featuring Stable Operation and Good Data Retention (2007)

We have fabricated a phase change memory using doped In-Ge-Te to improve the data retention required for industrial and automotive use. This chalcogenide features higher thermal stability as well as denser texture and improved adhesion. The memory cell using doped In-Ge-Te provided a larger read margin and better data retention than conventional Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Tes, and we demonstrated 10-year retention at temperatures above 150degC, which is the highest temperature ever reported.
Wearable diet monitoring through breathing signal analysis (2013)

This paper presents the design, system structure and performance for a wireless and wearable diet monitoring system. Food and drink intake can be detected by the way of detecting a person's swallow events. The system works based on the key observation that a person's otherwise continuous breathing process is interrupted by a short apnea when she or he swallows as a part of solid or liquid intake process. We detect the swallows through the difference between normal breathing cycle and breathing cycle with swallows using a wearable chest-belt. Three popular machine learning algorithms have been applied on extracted time and frequency domain features. It is shown that high detection performance can be achieved with only few features.
Can we do better in unimodal biometric systems? A novel rank-based score normalization framework for multi-sample galleries (2013)

The large amount of research on multimodal systems raises an important question: can we extract additional information from unimodal systems? In this paper, we propose a rank-based score normalization framework that addresses this problem when multi-sample galleries are avail-able. The main idea is to partition the matching scores into subsets and normalize each subset independently. In addition, we present two versions of our framework that: (i) use gallery-based information (i.e., gallery versus gallery scores), and (ii) update available information in an online fashion. We use the theory of Stochastic Dominance to illustrate that the proposed framework can increase the system's performance. Our approach: (i) does not require tuning of any parameters, (ii) can be used in conjunction with any score normalization technique and any integration rule, and (iii) extends the use of W-score normalization to multisample galleries. While our approach is better suited for an Open-set Identification task, we also demonstrate that it can be used for a Verification task. In order to assess the performance of the proposed framework we conduct experiments using the BDCP Face database. Our approach improves the Detection and Identification Rate by 14.87% for Z-score and by 4.82% for W-score.
A Filament Thresher for Seed (1987)

SOME types of seed have appendages that, unless removed, interfere with seed conditioning, storage, and planting operations. An experimental seed thresher that is capable of removing difficult-to-remove seed appendages, such as awns, pappus, hair, and tails is described. Test results from threshing trials using marigold, gazania, arctotis, and anemone seed are reported. The thresher uses a series of high-rotational-speed filaments to thresh seed and an air stream to separate the chaff from the seed particles.
Volatile Organic Compounds and the Potential for a Lung Cancer Breath Test (2013)

SUMMARY Detecting exhaled volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are associated with lung cancer (LC) has realistic potential for becoming an integral part of population-based LC screening and monitoring in the near future. Here, we review the main three approaches for profiling VOCs in LC patients and their advantages and pitfalls: first, mass spectrometry techniques for the identification and/or quantification of a wide variety of separate breath VOCs; second, canines that are trained to sniff out LC; and third, cross-reactive chemical sensors in combination with statistical methods for identifying disease-specific patterns. We estimate that the latter would be most suitable for clinical practice. In the short run, breath testing could provide a critically needed adjunct method for detecting nodule malignancy with high specificity during low-dose computed tomography screening. In the long run, breath testing holds potential for entirely revolutionizing LC screening, diagnosis and management.
Design and Mechanism of Tetrahydrothiophene-Based γ-Aminobutyric Acid Aminotransferase Inactivators (2015)

Low levels of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), one of two major neurotransmitters that regulate brain neuronal activity, are associated with many neurological disorders, such as epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and cocaine addiction. One of the main methods to raise the GABA level in human brain is to use small molecules that cross the blood-brain barrier and inhibit the activity of γ-aminobutyric acid aminotransferase (GABA-AT), the enzyme that degrades GABA. We have designed a series of conformationally restricted tetrahydrothiophene-based GABA analogues with a properly positioned leaving group that could facilitate a ring-opening mechanism, leading to inactivation of GABA-AT. One compound in the series is 8 times more efficient an inactivator of GABA-AT than vigabatrin, the only FDA-approved inactivator of GABA-AT. Our mechanistic studies show that the compound inactivates GABA-AT by a new mechanism. The metabolite resulting from inactivation does not covalently bind to amino acid residues of GABA-AT but stays in the active site via H-bonding interactions with Arg-192, a π-π interaction with Phe-189, and a weak nonbonded S···O═C interaction with Glu-270, thereby inactivating the enzyme.
Multiplexed Bragg grating fibre-laser strain-sensor system with mode-locked interrogation (1993)

A technique for the detection of wavelength shifts in wavelength-encoded fibre Bragg grating sensors, which is capable of interrogating several sensors on a common fibre path using a mode-locked laser principle, is described. Preliminary results obtained using two sensor elements are presented.
Identification of <i>Babesia bigemina</i> infected erythrocyte surface antigens containing epitopes conserved among strains (1994)

The presence of previously uncharacterized antigens (new antigens) on the surface of intact erythrocytes infected with three strains of Babesia bigemina from Kenya and one each from Puerto Rico, Mexico, St. Croix, and Texcoco-Mexico was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) reactions. These antigens were not strain specific because antibodies in bovine immune serum to either the Mexico or Kenya isolates reacted with all seven strains tested. Homologous and heterologous immune serum antibodies bound a maximum of 83% and 55%, respectively, of intact erythrocytes infected with the Kenya-Ngong strain but not uninfected erythrocytes. Both sera caused agglutination of only infected erythrocytes. Antibodies eluted from the surface of glutaraldehyde (0.25%) fixed infected erythrocytes had IFA reaction patterns among strains similar to those of immune sera before elution. Eluted antibodies were used to determine if these antigens were protein and encoded by B. bigemina. Eluted antibodies bound seven parasite-encoded proteins of 240, 220, 66, 62, 58, 52 and 38 kDa in an erythrocyte surface-specific immunoprecipitation reaction of 35S-methionine labelled proteins. It was concluded that the surface of B. bigemina infected erythrocytes had parasite-encoded proteins and that these proteins had surface exposed epitopes that were conserved among the seven strains examined which were from two continents.
Subunity coordinate translation with Fourier transform to achieve efficient and quality three‐dimensional medical image interpolation (1999)

A new approach to the interpolation of three-dimensional (3D) medical images is presented. Instead of going through the conventional interpolation scheme where the continuous function is first reconstructed from the discrete data set and then resampled, the interpolation is achieved with a subunity coordinate translation technique. The original image is first transformed into the spatial-frequency domain. The phase of the transform is then modified with n-1 linear phase terms in the axial direction to achieve n-1 subunity coordinate translations with a distance 1/n, where n is an interpolation ratio, following the phase shift theorem of Fourier transformation. All the translated images after inverse Fourier transformation are then interspersed in turn into the original image. Since windowing plays an important role in the process, different window functions have been studied and a proper recommendation is provided. The interpolation quality produced with the present method is as good as that with the sampling (sinc) function, while the efficiency, thanks to the fast Fourier transformation, is very much improved. The approach has been validated with both computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images. The interpolations of 3D CT and MR images are demonstrated.
Gold nanoparticles based colorimetric nanodiagnostics for cancer and infectious diseases (2014)

Traditional in vitro diagnostics requires specialized laboratories and costly instrumentation, both for the amplification of nucleic acid targets (usually achieved by PCR) and for the assay readout, often based on fluorescence. We are developing hybrid nanomaterials-based sensors for the rapid and low-cost diagnosis of various disease biomarkers, for applications in portable platforms for diagnostics at the point-of-care. To this aim, we exploited the size and distancedependent optical properties of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to achieve colorimetric detection. Moreover, in order to avoid the complexity of thermal cycles associated to traditional PCR, the design of our systems includes signal amplification schemes, achieved by the use of enzymes (nucleases, helicase) or DNAzymes. Focused on instrument-free and sensitive detection, we carefully combined the intrinsic sensitivity by multivalency of functionalized AuNPs with isothermal and non-stringent enzyme-aided reaction conditions, controlled AuNPs aggregates, universal reporters and magnetic microparticles, the latter used both as a substrate and as a means for the colorimetric detection. We obtained simple and robust assays for the sensitive (pM range or better) naked-eye detection of cancer or infectious diseases (HPV, HCV) biomarkers, requiring no instrumentation except for a simple heating plate. Finally, we are also developing non-medical applications of these bio-nanosensors, such as in the development of on-field rapid tests for the detection of pollutants and other food and water contaminants.
<i>erb</i> B-2 Is a Potent Oncogene When Overexpressed in NIH/3T3 Cells (1987)

A wide variety of human tumors contain an amplified or overexpressed erbB-2 gene, which encodes a growth factor receptor-like protein. When erbB-2 complementary DNA was expressed in NIH/3T3 cells under the control of the SV40 promoter, the gene lacked transforming activity despite expression of detectable levels of the erbB-2 protein. A further five- to tenfold increase in its expression under influence of the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine leukemia virus was associated with activation of erbB-2 as a potent oncogene. The high levels of the erbB-2 product associated with malignant transformation of NIH/3T3 cells were observed in human mammary tumor cells that overexpressed this gene. These findings demonstrate a new mechanism for acquisition of oncogenic properties by genes encoding growth factor receptor-like proteins and provide a functional basis for the role of their overexpression in the development of human malignancies.
A Tumorigenic Factor Interactome Connected through Tumor Suppressor MicroRNA-198 in Human Pancreatic Cancer (2013)

miR-198 acts as a central tumor suppressor and modulates the molecular makeup of a critical interactome in pancreatic cancer, indicating a potential prognostic marker signature and the therapeutic potential of attacking this tumorigenic network through a central vantage point.
Plasma deconvolution identifies broadly neutralizing antibodies associated with hepatitis C virus clearance (2019)

A vaccine for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is urgently needed. Development of broadly-neutralizing plasma antibodies during acute infection is associated with HCV clearance, but the viral epitopes of these plasma antibodies are unknown. Identification of these epitopes could define the specificity and function of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) that should be induced by a vaccine. Here, we present development and application of a high-throughput method that deconvolutes polyclonal anti-HCV NAbs in plasma, delineating the epitope specificities of anti-HCV NAbs in acute infection plasma of forty-four humans with subsequent clearance or persistence of HCV. Remarkably, we identified multiple broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) combinations that were associated with greater plasma neutralizing breadth and with HCV clearance. These studies have potential to inform new strategies for vaccine development by identifying bNAb combinations in plasma associated with natural clearance of HCV, while also providing a high-throughput assay that could identify these responses after vaccination trials.
Properties of dinitroxides for use in dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) (2010)

We have investigated the properties of a series of dinitroxides as polarizing agents for SS NMR/DNP applications. Our results clearly establish that an orthogonal relative orientation of electron g tensors is a crucial requirement to obtain high enhancement DNP factors. Moreover, the ratio of the proton Larmor frequency over the e(-)-e(-) dipolar coupling (omega(H)/omega(D)) influences the efficiency of the cross effect (CE) mechanism, thus the Ree distance between the unpaired electrons must be adapted to omega(H).
CNT-FET gas sensor using a functionalized ionic liquid as gate (2012)

We propose a gas sensor using combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ionic liquid (IL). In our research, we used IL, 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM][BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ]) which specially absorbs CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , and polymer, polyethyleneimine (PEI) which absorbs CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . This IL or the mixture of IL and PEI dropped on the CNT-FET were applied as a CNT-FET IL-gate and a surface modification material of CNTs. When the IL absorbs specific gases, the ion types and concentrations change. We measured the change of CNT I-V property by applying a voltage to the IL-gate to attract the ions onto the CNT surface.
Amphiphilic Polypyridyl Ruthenium Complexes with Substituted 2,2‘-Dipyridylamine Ligands for Nanocrystalline Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2004)

Two heteroleptic polypyridyl ruthenium complexes [Ru(dcbpy)(L)(NCS)2, where dcbpy is 4,4‘-dicarboxylic acid-2,2‘-bipyridine and L is N,N-di(2-pyridyl)-dodecylamine or N,N-di(2-pyridyl)-tetradecylamine] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, voltammetry, 1H NMR, UV−vis, ATR-FTIR, and resonance Raman spectroscopies. Resonance Raman studies have revealed that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of the two sensitizers is localized on the dcbpy-ligand-bearing anchoring group. Nanosecond laser transient measurements have shown that dye regeneration by iodide in the electrolyte can efficiently compete with the recombination reaction of injected electrons trapped in the nanocrystalline TiO2 film with dye molecules in the oxidized state. Furthermore, these amphiphilic ruthenium complexes were successfully used as sensitizers for nanocrystalline dye-sensitized solar cells with efficiencies of 8.2% at the 100 mW cm-2 irradiance of air mass 1.5 solar light and ≥8.7% at lower light intensities.
Effect of the organophosphate structure on the physical and flame‐retardant properties of an epoxy resin (2001)

Abstract 2‐(6‐Oxido‐6H‐dibenzo〈c,e〉〈1,2〉oxa‐phosphorin‐6‐yl)1,4‐benzenediol (ODOPB) and bis(3‐dihydroxyphenyl) phenyl phosphate (BHPP) were successfully synthesized and used as reactive flame retardants in o ‐cresol formaldehyde novolac epoxy resin. Because of the rigid, cyclic, side‐chain structure of ODOPB, the resultant phosphorus‐containing epoxy resin exhibited a higher glass‐transition temperature, better flame retardancy, higher modulus, and greater thermal stability than the regular bromine‐containing tetrabromobisphenol A epoxy resin and the linear, main‐chain, phosphorus‐containing BHPP epoxy resin. A UL‐94VO rating was achieved with a phosphorus content as low as 1.1% with ODOPB (comparable to a bromine content of 12% and a phosphorus content of 2.2% with BHPP) in the cured resins, and no fumes or toxic gas emissions were observed. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 369–378, 2002
Reconstructive tomography with diffracting wavefields (1986)

A unified theoretical framework based on the scalar wave equation is presented for transmission tomography of weakly inhomogeneous objects embedded in a known uniform background medium. The developed formulation differs from the usual treatments of diffraction tomography in that it is not limited to applications employing plane-wave illumination and planar measurement boundaries and can be extended to weakly inhomogeneous objects embedded in non-uniform backgrounds and to the class of strongly scattering objects. The new formulation is based on the mathematical operations of propagation and backpropagation which are generalisations of the conventional tomographic operations of projection and backprojection to the case of diffracting wavefields. The projection and backprojection operations are then obtained from the generalised operations in the zero wavelength limit. A class of reconstruction algorithms are developed within the new formulation that are generalisations, to the case of diffraction tomography, of the class of iterative ART (algebraic reconstruction technique) algorithms of conventional (X-ray) tomography. The reconstruction algorithms developed (called generalised ART algorithms) are shown to be applicable to situations where the tomographic data are sparse (limited-view problem) and to the incorporation of a priori information into the reconstruction process.
Tracking in hyper-spectral data (2003)

This paper builds on previous presentations of the histogram probabilistic multi-hypothesis tracking (H-PM,HT) algorithm. The histogram model used in H-PMHT is extended to treat hyper-spectral data, i.e., data in which each spatial cell has spectral content. The general case in which each measurement scan consists of a multidimensional array of intensity values (e.g., the "data-cube" of hyper-spectral imaging systems) is treated. This data array is interpreted as a spatial-spectral histogram. Direct application of H-PMHT to such data would track local energy peaks in the spatial-spectral domain; however, this approach is sub-optimal when the spatial track is of principle interest and the energy source has significant spectral extent. Spectral H-PMHT assumes that the spectral characteristics of the sources are known and available in simple non-parametric forms. The additional structure of the spatial-spectral signal model is presented, followed by an outline of the Spectral H-PMHT algorithm. The improvement in spatial tracking due to the inclusion of spectral information is demonstrated using simulated intensity data on bearing-frequency cells.