gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Low-Power Multichannel Time-to-Digital Converter Using All-Digital Nested Delay-Locked Loops With 50-ps Resolution and High Throughput for LiDAR Sensors (2020)

This article presents a low-power, all-digital multichannel time-to-digital converter (TDC) for light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors. The proposed TDC architecture measures the time interval through a coarse counter, middle, and fine delay line-based interpolation technique (the Nutt method). Automatic calibration by middle and fine all-digital delay-locked loops (ADDLLs) is provided to ensure the stability of the generated time slots. Charge pump, loop filter, and voltage-controlled delay line inside the conventional analog delay-locked loops (DLLs) are replaced by an accumulator (ACC) and digitally controlled delay line (DCDL). This makes the design particularly compact, low power, and suitable for multichannel applications. The presented architecture can generate information for amplitude variation (walk error) compensation. This information is generated by measuring the pulsewidth and position of three successive STOP pulses inside each channel within a single-shot measurement. A low-jitter injection-locked frequency multiplier (ILFM) generates a 625-MHz internal clock signal out of 25-MHz external reference oscillator, which shrinks the number of delay elements to cover one period of the reference clock and improves the precision of the TDC. Operation at higher frequency provides high throughput and short conversion time (less than 3 ns). The three-level TDC offers 13.1-μs maximum input range and 50-ps resolution. The measured DNL and INL of the TDC circuit are 0.47 and 0.71 LSB, respectively. The TDC circuit is implemented in a 180-nm standard CMOS process with a die size of 1.5 mm × 1.5 mm. The total power consumption of the multichannel TDC is 87.6 mW.
Site‐Specific Dephosphorylation of Tau of Apolipoprotein E‐Deficient and Control Mice by M1 Muscarinic Agonist Treatment (1999)

Apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice have memory deficits that are associated with synaptic loss of basal forebrain cholinergic projections and with hyperphosphorylation of distinct epitopes of the microtubule-associated protein tau. Furthermore, treatment of apoE-deficient mice with the M1 selective agonist 1-methylpiperidine-4-spiro-(2'-methylthiazoline) [AF150(S)] abolishes their memory deficits and results in recovery of their brain cholinergic markers. In the present study, we used a panel of anti-tau monoclonal antibodies to further map the tau epitopes that are hyperphosphorylated in apoE-deficient mice and examined the effects of prolonged treatment with AF150(S). This revealed that tau of apoE-deficient mice contains a distinct, hyperphosphorylated "hot spot" domain which is localized N-terminally to the microtubule binding domain of tau, and that AF150(S) has an epitope-specific tau dephosphorylating effect whose magnitude is affected by apoE deficiency. Accordingly, epitopes which reside in the hyperphosphorylated "hot spot" are dephosphorylated by AF150(S) in apoE-deficient mice but are almost unaffected in the controls, whereas epitopes which flank this tau domain are dephosphorylated by AF150(S) in both mice groups. In contrast, epitopes located at the N and C terminals of tau are unaffected by AF150(S) in both groups of mice. These findings suggest that apoE deficiency results in hyperphosphorylation of a distinct tau domain whose excess phosphorylation can be reduced by muscarinic treatment.
A Wind Farm Electrical Systems Evaluation with EeFarm-II (2010)

EeFarm-II is used to evaluate 13 different electrical systems for a 200 MW wind farm with a 100 km connection to shore. The evaluation is based on component manufacturer data of 2009. AC systems are compared to systems with DC connections inside the wind farm and DC connection to shore. Two options have the best performance for this wind farm size and distance: the AC system and the system with a DC connection to shore. EeFarm-II is a user friendly computer program for wind farm electrical and economic evaluation. It has been built as a Simulink Library in the graphical interface of Matlab-Simulink. EeFarm-II contains models of wind turbines, generators, transformers, AC cables, inductors, nodes, splitters, PWM converters, thyristor converters, DC cables, choppers and statcoms.
New objective functions for waveform inversion (1998)

Abstract Inversion is an organized search for parameter values that maximize or minimize an objective function, referred to here as a processor. This note derives three new seismic processors that require neither prior deconvolution nor knowledge of the source-receiver wavelet. The most powerful of these is the fourwise processor, as it is applicable to data sets from multiple shots and receivers even when each shot has a different unknown signature and each receiver has a different unknown impulse response. Somewhat less powerful than the fourwise processor is the pairwise processor, which is applicable to a data set consisting of two or more traces with the same unknown wavelet but possibly different gains. When only one seismogram exists the partition processor can be used. The partition processor is also applicable when there is only one shot (receiver) and each receiver (shot) has a different signature. In fourwise and pairwise inversions the unknown wavelets may be arbitrarily long in time and need not be minimum phase. In partition inversion the wavelet is assumed to be shorter in time than the data trace itself but is not otherwise restricted. None of the methods requires assumptions about the Green's function.
Controlled Placement of CdSe Nanoparticles in Diblock Copolymer Templates by Electrophoretic Deposition (2005)

An electrophoretic deposition process is shown to be an effective means of placing CdSe nanoparticles into nanopores and nanotrenches in templates prepared from polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) diblock copolymers. CdSe nanoparticles covered with alpha,omega-thiocarboxylic acid ligands were used in these studies, and an electric field was used to drive the nanoparticle deposition. Photoluminescence of the quantum dots was maintained within the nanostructures.
On acknowledgement schemes of sliding window flow control (1989)

An investigation is conducted of two acknowledgment schemes for sliding window flow control in packet communications: the delayed acknowledgment (D-ACK) scheme and the window acknowledgment (W-ACK) scheme. It is shown that the acknowledgment scheme of the link layer of the X.25 protocol can be modeled by the D-ACK scheme and that of the packet layer by the W-ACK scheme. The efficiencies of these acknowledgment schemes are shown by the mean number of acknowledgment control frames generated for the transmission of a single information frame, the transmission blocking probability, and the mean transmission time of data frames. Numerical and simulation results showing that the D-ACK scheme with an appropriately selected value of predetermined waiting time is better than the W-ACK scheme are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fluorescent and Affinity-Based Tools To Detect Cysteine Sulfenic Acid Formation in Proteins (2007)

Cysteine sulfenic acid formation in proteins results from the oxidative modification of susceptible cysteine residues by hydrogen peroxide, alkyl hydroperoxides, and peroxynitrite. This species represents a biologically significant modification occurring during oxidant signaling or oxidative stress, and it can modulate protein function. Most methods to identify such oxidatively modified proteins rely on monitoring the loss of one or more thiol group(s) or on selective labeling of nascent thiol groups following reduction of oxidized proteins. Our previous work reported the direct labeling of these chemically distinct modifications with a dimedone analogue, 1,3-cyclohexadione, to which a linker and functional group (an alcohol) had been added; further addition of a fluorescent isatoic acid or methoxycoumarin reporter allowed detection of the incorporated tag by fluorescence techniques ( Poole, L. B., Zeng, B. B., Knaggs, S. A., Yakubu, M., and King, S. B. ( 2005) Synthesis of chemical probes to map sulfenic acid modifications on proteins. Bioconjugate Chem . 16, 1624-1628 ). We have now expanded our arsenal of tagging reagents to include two fluorescein-, two rhodamine-, and three biotin-conjugated probes based on the original approach. The new tools provide readily detectable fluorescent and affinity probes to identify sulfenic acid modifications in proteins and have been used in subsequent mass spectrometric analyses to confirm covalent attachment of the conjugates and directly determine the site of modification.
Androgen Deprivation Increases p300 Expression in Prostate Cancer Cells (2007)

Standard therapy for nonorgan confined prostate cancer aims to block the production or action of androgens. Although initially successful, antiandrogen therapy eventually fails and androgen depletion independent (ADI) disease emerges. Remarkably, ADI prostate cancers still rely on a functional androgen receptor (AR). Aberrant expression of coregulatory proteins required for the formation of productive AR transcriptional complexes is critical for ADI AR activation. Previously, we have shown that the transcriptional coactivator p300 is required for ADI activation of the AR and is up-regulated in prostate cancer, in which its expression is associated with cell proliferation and predicts aggressive tumor features. The mechanism responsible for the deregulated expression of p300, however, remains elusive. Here, we show that p300 expression in prostate cancer cells is subject to androgen regulation. In several prostate cancer model systems, addition of synthetic and natural androgens led to decreased expression of p300 in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. Experiments using AR antagonists or small interfering RNA targeting the AR revealed that down-regulation of p300 depends entirely on the presence of a functional AR. It is noteworthy that androgens down-regulated p300 protein expression while leaving messenger levels unaltered. Conversely, both short-term and long-term androgen deprivation resulted in marked up-regulation of p300 expression. The androgen deprivation-induced increase in p300 expression was not affected by the addition of cytokines or growth factors or by cotreatment with antiandrogens. Moreover, increased p300 expression upon androgen starvation is crucial for prostate cancer cell proliferation, as loss of p300 expression severely reduces expression of cyclins governing G(1)-S and G(2)-M cell cycle transition and decreases 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine incorporation.
Photo‐Curable Metal‐Chelating Coatings Offer a Scalable Approach to Production of Antioxidant Active Packaging (2018)

To address consumer and retail demands for "clean label" foods and beverages without a corresponding loss in product quality and shelf life, producers are seeking next generation technologies such as active packaging. In this work, we will report the synthesis of metal-chelating active packaging films, which enable removal of the synthetic additive, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid. The new synthesis technique improves the throughput of metal-chelating active packaging coatings, enabling potential roll-to-roll fabrication of the materials for antioxidant food packaging applications.
Adaptive Robust Extended Kalman Filter (2009)

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) is one of the most widely used methods for state estimation with communication and aerospace applications based on its apparent simplicity and tractability However, for an EKF to guarantee satisfactory performance, the system model should be known exactly. Unknown external disturbances may result in the inaccuracy of the state estimate, even cause divergence. This difficulty has been recognized in the literature (Reif & Unbehauen, 1999; A traditional approach to improve the performance of the filter is the 'covariance setting' technique, where a positive definite estimation error covariance matrix is chosen by the filter designer As it is difficult to manually tune the covariance matrix for dynamic system, adaptive extended Kalman filter (AEKF) approaches for online estimation of the covariance matrix have been adopted However, only in some special cases, the optimal estimation of the covariance matrix can be obtained. And inaccurate approximation of the covariance matrix may blur the state estimate. Recently, the robust H filter has received considerable attention The robust filters take different forms depending on what kind of disturbances are accounted for, while the general performance criterion of the filters is to guarantee a bounded energy gain from the worst possible disturbance to the estimation error. Although the robust extended Kalman filter (REKF) has been deeply investigated In general, the selection of the attenuation level can be seen as a tradeoff between the optimality and the robustness. In other words, the robustness of the REKF is obtained at the expense of optimality. This chapter reviews the adaptive robust extended Kalman filter (AREKF), an effective algorithm which will remain stable in the presence of unknown disturbances, and yield accurate estimates in the absence of disturbances The key idea of the AREKF is to design the estimator based on the stability analysis, and determine whether the error covariance matrix should be reset according to the magnitude of the innovation.
Kinetics of sol–gel transition in thermoreversible gelation of gelatin (1993)

The sol–gel transition in dilute gels of gelatin are studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and static light scattering techniques. The sol–gel phase diagram clearly shows the existence of an upper critical solution temperature in this system. In addition, the DSC data conclusively exhibits two more phase curves in the sol state—one pertaining to the coexistence of monomers and aggregates and the second one separating the random coil and helix domains in the solution phase. The Ferry–Eldridge equation has been used to determine the enthalpy of the melting of the gel structure (ΔHg) which is equal to (30±2.0) kcal mol−1. The gelation temperature Tg is correlated to Flory’s statistical model of gelation, which gives the enthalpy of melting of pure gelatin crystallites (ΔHv) as ΔHv=(35±2.0) kcal cm−3 and crystallite melting temperature (Tm) as Tm=(588±20.0) K. The Flory–Huggins interaction parameter (χ) has been determined as χ=0.49±0.05. Interesting scaling behavior has been observed through light scattering measurements. The intensity of scattered light, Is∼ε−γ and Is∼ε0−β; ε=(T/Tg−1); T≥Tg and ε0=(t/tg−1); t≥tg, where t is the time and tg is the gelation time for ε and ε0≤0.5 with γ≂β≂0.02±0.005. The initial phase of cooling of the sol has been analyzed within the framework of Smoluchowski aggregation kinetics. On the basis of the above results it is being proposed that the sol–gel transition path in this polymer has three distinct steps—monomer aggregation, coil–single-helix transition, and single-helix–triple-helix transition followed by gelation.
Sympathetic skin response in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. (1995)

To verify an eventual disfunction of the palmar sympathetic skin activity in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, we studied the sympathetic skin response (SSR) with endogenous, Deep Breathing (DB-SSR), exogenous Startle (SE-SSR) and Electric type stimuli (EE-SSR) in a group of patients and a control group. At the same time as the SSR, the heart rate (HR) and the basic R-R interval variation (RRIV) as well as the EMG diaphragmatic activity were checked. In this way, significant differences in the latency (p = 0.02) and amplitude (p = 0.009) values of the EE-SSR and in the amplitude values of the SE-SSR (p = 0.001) and of the DB-SSR (p = 0.02) were noted in the DMD group compared to the control group. In the group of patients the rise in latency of the EE-SSR correlates with the age (p = 0.0001) and with the reduction of its amplitude (p = 0.03). This last parameter correlates with the stage of the illness (p = 0.02). In the control group the mean amplitude of the EE-SSR is approximately 30% greater than that of startle and 50% of deep breathing. Although with amplitudes homogeneously reduced, these ratios are also conserved in the DMD group. Moreover the HR is greater (p = 0.0001) whilst the RRIV is reduced (p = 0.02) in the group of the patients. However these parameters do not correlated either to the cardiac involvement or to the stage of the illness. The presence of the SSR for all the modalities of stimulation indicates the substantial integrity of the afferent and the efferent paths of the ANS. The alterations in latency and amplitude of the SSR in the patients could be the consequence of a lack of dystrophin at the level of the sudoriparous myopithelium in analogy to what has been demonstrated in the mdx mouse.
Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation Affects Seedling Emergence, DNA Integrity, Plant Morphology, Growth Rate, and Attractiveness to Herbivore Insects in Datura ferox (1996)

To study functional relationships between the effects of solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B) on different aspects of the physiology of a wild plant, we carried out exclusion experiments in the field with the summer annual Datura ferox L. Solar UV-B incident over Buenos Aires reduced daytime seedling emergence, inhibited stem elongation and leaf expansion, and tended to reduce biomass accumulation during early growth. However, UV-B had no effect on calculated net assimilation rate. Using a monoclonal antibody specific to the cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimer (CPD), we found that plants receiving full sunlight had more CPDs per unit of DNA than plants shielded from solar UV-B, but the positive correlation between UV-B and CPD burden tended to level off at high (near solar) UV-B levels. At our field site, Datura plants were consumed by leaf beetles (Coleoptera), and the proportion of plants attacked by insects declined with the amount of UV-B received during growth. Field experiments showed that plant exposure to solar UV-B reduced the likelihood of leaf beetle attack by one-half. Our results highlight the complexities associated with scaling plant responses to solar UV-B, because they show: (a) a lack of correspondence between UV-B effects on net assimilation rate and whole-plant growth rate, (b) nonlinear UV-B dose-response curves, and (c) UV-B effects of plant attractiveness to natural herbivores.
Single-Electrode-Based Rotating Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Harvesting Energy from Tires (2013)

Rotational energy is abundant and widely available in our living environment. Harvesting ambient rotational energy has attracted great attention. In this work, we report a single-electrode-based rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (SR-TENG) for converting rotational energy into electric energy. The unique advantage of introducing the single-electrode TENG is to overcome the difficulty in making the connection in harvesting rotational energy such as from a moving and rotating tire/wheel. The fabricated device consists of a rotary acrylic disc with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) blades and an Al electrode fixed on the base. The systematical experiments and theoretical simulations indicate that the asymmetric SR-TENGs exhibit much better output performances than those of the symmetric TENGs at the same rotation rates. The asymmetric SR-TENG with seven PTFE units at the rotation rate of 800 r/min can deliver a maximal output voltage of 55 V and a corresponding output power of 30 μW on a load of 100 MΩ, which can directly light up tens of red light-emitting diodes. The SR-TENG has been utilized to harvest mechanical energy from rotational motion of a bicycle wheel. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the SR-TENG can be applied to scavenge wind energy and as a self-powered wind speed sensor with a sensitivity of about 0.83 V/(m/s). This study further expands the operation principle of a single-electrode-based TENG and many potential applications of TENGs for scavenging ambient rotational energy and as a self-powered environment monitoring sensor.
사회복지사의 리더십과 영성지능계발을 위한 통합이론적 접근 (2015)

이 논문의 주요 목적은 켄 윌버(Ken Wilber)가 체계화한 통합이론(Integral Theory)적인 관점과 사상한적인 틀을 활용하여 신디 위글워즈(Cindy Wigglesworth)가 구성한 영성지능기술이라는 개념이 사회복지사의 지도자적인 역량을 증진시키는데 어떻게 도움이 될 수 있는지를 구체적으로 검토하는 것이다. 본 논문의 저자는 다중지능 중에서 가장 높은 발달단계에 해당하는 영성지능의 개념적인 틀(conceptual framework)에 속한 영성지능기술에 초점을 맞춤으로써 사회복지사에게 적합한 통합적인 관점의 리더십 모델을 제시한다. 또한 통합적-영성적 리더십모델을 기반으로 하는 사회복지사의 지도력의 함양과 영성지능계발이 사회복지실천현장에 부여하는 실천기술적인 함의를 논의한다.
Synthesis of dialkyl 2-(Methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphonates, their characterization and polymerization (2015)

Dimethyl and diethyl 2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphonates were synthesized using the Michaelis-Becker reaction. This method of phosphonate preparation is advantageous over the acid chloride route in terms of mild reaction condition and by employing non-corrosive, moisture insensitive reagents. These phosphonates were characterized by mass spectrometry, Fourier Transform Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopic methods. The kinetics for the bulk polymerization of dialkylmethacryloyloxyethyl phosphonates were followed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry. Activation energy was calculated using Ozawa and Kissinger methods and was found to be in the range of 60–75 kJ/mol. Thermogravimetric analysis of polymerized samples showed two-step degradation in nitrogen atmosphere.
Optimal Search-Based Gene Subset Selection for Gene Array Cancer Classification (2007)

High dimensionality has been a major problem for gene array-based cancer classification. It is critical to identify marker genes for cancer diagnoses. We developed a framework of gene selection methods based on previous studies. This paper focuses on optimal search-based subset selection methods because they evaluate the group performance of genes and help to pinpoint global optimal set of marker genes. Notably, this paper is the first to introduce tabu search (TS) to gene selection from high-dimensional gene array data. Our comparative study of gene selection methods demonstrated the effectiveness of optimal search-based gene subset selection to identify cancer marker genes. TS was shown to be a promising tool for gene subset selection.
A Light-Driven Vibrotactile Actuator with a Polymer Bimorph Film for Localized Haptic Rendering (2021)

A vibrotactile actuator driven by light energy is developed to produce dynamic stimulations for haptic rendering on a thin-film structure. The actuator is constructed by adopting a thermal bimorph membrane structure of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonate (PEDOT-Tos) coated onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Upon irradiation of near-infrared (NIR) light, the light energy absorbed at the PEDOT-Tos layer is converted into thermoelastic bending deformation due to the mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion between PEDOT-Tos and PET. Since the light-induced deformation is reversible, spatially localized, and rapidly controllable with designed light signals, the proposed actuator can produce vibrotactile stimulation over 10 dB at arbitrary areas in the human-sensitive frequency range from 125 to 300 Hz using a low input power of ∼2.6 mW mm<sup>-2</sup>, as compared with a complex electrical circuit and high input power needed to achieve such actuation performance. Together with its simple structure based on light-driven actuation, the advent of this actuator could open up new ways to achieve substantial advances in rendering textures at a flexible touch interface.