gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chitin Catabolic Cascade in the Marine Bacterium Vibrio furnissii (1996)

We have described some steps in chitin catabolism by Vibrio furnissii, and proposed that chitin oligosaccharides are hydrolyzed in the periplasmic space to GlcNAc and (GlcNAc)2. Since (GlcNAc)2 is an important inducer in the cascade, it must resist hydrolysis in the periplasm. Known V. furnissii periplasmic hydrolases comprise an endoenzyme (Keyhani, N. O. and Roseman, S. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 33414-33424), and the beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, ExoI, reported here. ExoI was isolated from a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli, and hydrolyzes aryl-beta-GlcNAc, aryl-beta-GalNAc, and chitin oligosaccharides. No other beta-GlcNAc glycosides were cleaved. The pH optimum was 7.0 for (GlcNAc)n, n = 3-6, but 5.8 for (GlcNAc)2. At the pH of sea water (8.0-8.3), the enzymatic activity with (GlcNAc)2 is virtually undetectable. These results explain the stability of (GlcNAc)2 in the periplasmic space. The cloned beta-GlcNAcidase gene, exoI, encodes a 69,377-kDa protein (611 amino acids); the predicted N-terminal 20 amino acid residues matched those of the isolated protein. The protein amino acid sequence displays significant homologies to the alpha- and beta-chains of human hexosaminidase despite their marked differences in substrate specificities and pH optima.
Controlling trisulfide modification in recombinant monoclonal antibody produced in fed‐batch cell culture (2012)

Molecular heterogeneity was detected in a recombinant monoclonal antibody (IgG1 mAb) due to the presence of a trisulfide linkage generated by the post-translational insertion of a sulfur atom into disulfide bonds at the heavy-heavy and heavy-light junctions. This molecular heterogeneity had no observable effect on antibody function. Nevertheless, to minimize the heterogeneity of the IgG1 mAb from run-to-run, an understanding of the impact of cell culture process conditions on trisulfide versus disulfide linkage formation was desirable. To investigate variables that might impact trisulfide formation, cell culture parameters were varied in bench-scale bioreactor studies. Trisulfide analysis of the samples from these runs revealed that the trisulfide content in the bond between heavy and light chains varied considerably from <1% to 39%. Optimizing the culture duration and feeding strategy resulted in more consistent trisulfide levels. Cysteine concentration in the feed medium had a direct correlation with the trisulfide level in the product. Systematic studies revealed that cysteine in the feed and the bioreactor media was contributing hydrogen sulfide which reacted with the IgG1 mAb in the supernatant leading to the insertion of sulfur atom and formation of a trisulfide bond. Cysteine feed strategies were developed to control the trisulfide modification in the recombinant monoclonal antibody.
Reproducible Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Spectra of Bacteria on Aggregated Silver Nanoparticles (2007)

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proven to be a powerful technique for rapid identification and discrimination of microorganisms. However, due to the heterogeneous nature of the samples, the acquisition of reproducible spectra hinders the further development of the technique. In this study, we demonstrate the influence of the experimental conditions on SERS spectra. Then, we report a simple sample preparation method coupled with a light microscope attached to a Raman spectrometer to find a proper spot on the sample to acquire reproducible SERS spectra. This method utilizes the excited surface plasmons of the aggregated silver nanoparticles to visualize the spots on the sample. The samples are prepared using the concentrated silver colloidal solutions. The collection time for one spectrum is 10 s and each spectrum is a very good representative of the other spectra acquired from the same sample. The nature of the surface charge of the silver nanoparticles influences the spectral features by determining the strength of the interactions between nanoparticles and bacteria and the aggregation properties of the nanoparticles. Although increasing the colloid concentration in the sample resulted in reproducible spectra from arbitrary points on the sample, a great variation from sample to sample prepared with the different colloidal solution concentrations is observed.
Development ot ohmic contacts for GaAs devices using epitaxial Ge films (1978)

Ohmic contacts to n-type GaAs have been developed using epitaxial Ge films on GaAs alloyed with Ni overlayers by solid-state diffusion at temperatures of 450/spl deg/C-650/spl deg/C. These contacts have applications to high reliability, high temperature microwave devices. Reflection electron diffraction of the Ge layers prior to deposition of the Ni overlayers reveals the presence of high quality single-crystalline films. Even after sintering, there is very little penetration of Ge into GaAs in the absence of Ni. With the presence of a Ni overlayer, significant interdiffusion between Ge and GaAs is revealed by Auger electron spectroscopic profiles. These results, together with the current-voltage characteristics of similar contacts prepared on p-type GaAs, indicate the presence of a Ge-doped n/SUP +/ layer at the Ni/Ge-GaAs interface. Ohmic contacts using epitaxial Ge films with Ta and Mo overlayers have also been investigated.
On-chip near-field THz imaging probe integrated with a detector (2008)

We present an all-integrated near-field terahertz imaging probe on a semiconductor. This robust and easy-to-use scheme enables us to detect only the evanescent field very efficiently. We obtain a spatial resolution corresponding to lambda/24.
Distributed acoustic sensing of subsea wells (2020)

Abstract Topside distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) of subsea wells requires advanced optical engineering solutions to compensate for reduced acoustic bandwidth, optical losses, and back reflections that are accumulated through umbilicals, multiple wet- and dry-mate optical connectors, splices, optical feedthrough systems, and downhole fibers. To address these issues, we introduce a novel DAS solution based on subsea fiber topology consisting of two transmission fibers from topside and an optical circulator deployed in the optical flying lead at the subsea tree. This solution limits the sensing fiber portion to the downhole fiber, located below the subsea tree, and enables dry-tree-equivalent acoustic sampling frequencies of more than 10 kHz while eliminating all back reflections from multiple subsea connectors above the tree. When combined with enhanced backscatter single-mode fiber, this gives rise to a DAS interrogation system that is capable of providing dry-tree-equivalent acoustic sensing performance over the entire length of the subsea well, regardless of the tie-back distance. It also enables the same spectral-based DAS processing algorithms developed for seismic, sand control, injector/producer profiling, and well integrity on dry-tree wells to be applied directly to subsea DAS data. The performance of this subsea DAS system has been validated through a series of laboratory and field trials. We show the results of the tests and discuss how the system is deployed within subsea infrastructure.
Photonic electric field sensor based on polymeric microspheres (2013)

ABSTRACT The detection of electric field by monitoring the optical whispering gallery mode shifts of polymeric microspheres is demonstrated. Two types of spheres are considered; (i) a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sphere with 60 parts base silicon elastomer‐to‐1 part polymer curing agent by volume and; (ii) a silica sphere coated with a PDMS (uncured) base. The optical mode shifts are caused by perturbations to the resonator morphology induced by electrostriction effect in the presence of an external electric field. Preliminary experiments show that the latter microsphere yields higher sensitivity (0.027 pm/V m −1 ) with a measurement precision of ∼1.8 V/m. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2014 , 52 , 276–279
New method for measuring an optical property of a sample treated by FWA (2007)

Abstract In this article, a new method for measuring a total spectral radiance factor of a FWA‐treated sample illuminated by a specific standard illuminant is introduced. The method replaces an unstable real fluorescent standard by a bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor data, which works as a virtual fluorescent standard (VFS) by knowing spectral intensity distributions of illuminations applied to the sample. The method utilizes two illuminations I 1 and I 2 whose relative spectral intensity distributions are different from each other and synthesizes a virtual illumination presenting the identical fluorescent spectral radiance factor to that presented by the standard illuminant with the VFS of the specific bi‐spectral luminescent radiance factor by linearly combining I 1 and I 2 with the suitable weighting factors. The applicability of the method is examined in principle by comparing ISO brightness and CIE whiteness index of fluorescent standard paper as a test sample obtained by this new method to the assigned values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 195–200, 2007
DRED: a random early detection algorithm for TCP/IP networks (2002)

Abstract It is now widely accepted that a RED [2] controlled queue certainly performs better than a drop‐tail queue. But an inherent weakness of RED is that its equilibrium queue length cannot be maintained at a preset value independent of the number of TCP active connections. In addition, RED's optimal parameter setting is largely correlated with the number of connections, the round‐trip time, the buffer space, etc. In light of these observations, we propose DRED, a novel algorithm which uses the basic ideas of feedback control to randomly discard packets with a load‐dependent probability when a buffer in a router gets congested. Over a wide range of load levels, DRED is able to stabilize a router queue occupancy at a level independent of the number of active TCP connections. The benefits of stabilized queues in a network are high resources utilization, predictable maximum delays, more certain buffer provisioning, and traffic‐load‐independent network performance in terms of traffic intensity and number of connections. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Non-invasive assessment of portal hypertension by multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging of the spleen: A proof of concept study (2019)

Spleen cT1 is a promising biomarker of portal pressure that outperforms other non-invasive scores and should be explored further.
ChemInform Abstract: (p‐cymene)RuLCl<sub>2</sub> (L: 1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene and 1,3‐Bis(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene) and Related Complexes as Ring Closing Metathesis Catalysts. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Steerable optical waveguides formed in self-defocusing media by using dark spatial solitons (1992)

We demonstrate that steerable, two-dimensional, single-mode optical waveguides can be formed in defocusing media by exciting dark spatial solitons.
High‐frequency ultrasound imaging of noninvasive laser coagulation of the canine vas deferens (2011)

High-frequency ultrasound may be used as a noninvasive diagnostic tool to assist in determining successful short-term laser thermal coagulation and scarring of the vas.
Development of Si photonics technology: Ge/Si avalanche photodiode for PON applications (2014)

We accomplished the first mass-production of Ge/Si avalanche photodiode (APD) for FTTx applications in a standard CMOS foundry. Our APDs satisfy sensitivity requirements of 10G PON (both OLT and ONU sides) applications within −5°C~75°C.
How to Avoid Glucose Degradation Products in Peritoneal Dialysis Fluids (2006)

The best way to avoid reactive GDPs is to have a pH between 2.0 and 2.6 during sterilization. If pHs outside this range are used, it becomes more important to have high glucose concentration during the sterilization process. There are large variations in GDPs, both within and between biocompatible and conventionally manufactured PDFs.
Guided Sparse Feature Matching Via Coarsely Defined Dense Matches (2020)

This paper addresses the problem of finding semi-dense feature correspondences with better than quarter-pixel accuracy across stereo images in an efficient manner. Having a large number of correspondences is critical for many computer vision applications as more observations allow to better model application parameters. Also, performance of many applications can greatly improve with correspondences of at least quarter-pixel accuracy. However, defining a large number of quarter-pixel accurate feature correspondences effectively is still a challenging task. Specifically, dense matching attempts to find dense correspondences; while it is attractive to have a feature correspondence per pixel in a given image, such approaches are typically computationally heavy with at most half-pixel accuracy. In contrast, sparse feature matching approaches are computationally less expensive and generally benefit from better than quarter-pixel accuracy for the defined correspondences, but, they define correspondences for only a limited number of pixels in an image. In addition, they tend to have a higher rate of mismatches as they do not consider spatial smoothness at their core. This paper introduces a new framework to address the above shortcomings, aiming to significantly increase the number of correct matches with at least quarter-pixel accuracy, while keeping the computational cost smaller than that of dense matching alone.
Frontal Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization of Exo-Dicyclopentadiene for Low Catalyst Loadings (2016)

Polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD) is a polymer of growing importance in industrial applications. Frontal ring-opening metathesis polymerization (FROMP) offers a means to rapidly cure PDCPD with minimal input energy owing to a propagating reaction wave sustained by the exothermic polymerization. Previous examples of FROMP have required the use of relatively high concentrations of costly ruthenium catalyst, negating many of the benefits of FROMP synthesis. In this contribution, we demonstrate that by using the highly reactive exo-dicyclopentadiene isomer for FROMP the concentration of catalyst is reduced over 3-fold, while maintaining a high frontal velocity. Reducing the amount of ruthenium required for FROMP makes this technique attractive for the production of large PDCPD structural components.
Novel membrane solutions for the EUV pellicle: better or not? (2017)

A protective membrane – a pellicle – must be used to prevent yield loss during EUV lithography exposure, just as it was for 193nm lithography. The pellicle must be thin enough to transmit EUV light, yet strong enough to withstand the scanner environment. Membrane solutions for ~ 80W exposure exist. Our focus is developing a membrane solution for 250W exposure power. The main pellicle challenge here is still the identification of a membrane material that has very high transmission at EUV wavelengths. Additionally, absorption during lithographic exposure results in high thermal and mechanical load for the pellicle, which can cause yield problems. The current candidates for pellicle membranes such as poly-silicon and silicon nitride cannot withstand 250W power conditions, therefore alternative materials will be required for the future HVM pellicle. At imec, a variety of novel membrane material options are investigated for the HVM pellicle application. One promising approach is based on carbon nanotubes (CNT). In this paper we outline different CNT based process options, and report results on their optical, thermal, and mechanical performance. In addition, we will report on their uniformity and robustness towards scanner application. Finally, the family of CNT-based membrane options will be compared to promising candidates fabricated using conventional film approaches that do not have a CNT layer.
Studies on antitumor-active 2,3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. IV. Synthesis and structure-antitumor activity relationship of 1-(4-(2-pyridylamino)benzyl)-2,3-dioxopiperazine derivatives. (1981)

1-Benzyl-4-[4-(2-pyridylamino)benzyl]-2, 3-dioxopiperazine derivatives, which are antitumor agents of a new type, were synthesized and the structure-activity relationships were investigated. Furthermore, the antitumor activities of 2, 3-dioxopiperazine derivatives were compared with those of 2, 5- or 2, 6-dioxopiperazines. 1-[4-(5-Amino-6-chloro-2-pyridyl)aminobenzyl]-4-benzyl-2, 3-dioxopiperazine (3a) showed excellent in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities. The compound 3a was obtained by reduction of 1-benzyl-4-[4-(5-nitro-2-pyridyl)aminobenzyl]-2, 3-dioxopiperazine (2d) with Sn-conc. HCl or SnCl2-hydrogen chloride-MeOH. Reduction products of 2d obtained under different conditions are discussed.
Optimization Using OASIS with OCLTM (2004)

An effective way to simulate large scale surface water systems is to use an optimization model. Some modelers in the water resources field have used linear programming to optimize the operation of a system over a period of record with a single optimization. OASIS with OCLTM works very differently. OASIS simulates a period of record by optimizing the operations for a single time step, then going on to the next time step. Modeling the very large and complex California water system using a monthly time step requires the use of several resources. One of which is OCL, short for operations control language, and it gives tremendous power to the modeler. The role of OCL is similar to that of a “scripting language” or “macro language” in other kinds of computer programs. OCL is not the source code for OASIS. Rather, it is a form of input to OASIS, in which the user enters special operating rules. The user w-rites rules in OCL using various simulation commands. The formulation of the linear program is done using constraints and goal programming which describe the California system. The source code of the model never has to be modified or recompiled. OASIS also uses existing models or modules run in parallel to calculate delta outflow requirements during run time.
Ground-referenced signaling for intra-chip and short-reach chip-to-chip interconnects (2018)

While high-speed single-ended signaling maximizes pin and wire utilization within on- and off-chip serial links, problems associated with conventional signaling methods result in energy inefficiencies. Ground-referenced signaling (GRS) solves many of the problems of single-ended signaling systems and can be adapted for signaling across RC-dominated channels and LC transmission lines. The combination of GRS and clock forwarding enables simple but efficient signaling across on-chip communication fabrics, off-chip organic packages, and off-package printed circuit boards. Various methodologies compatible with GRS are presented in this paper, including design considerations and various circuit architectures. Experimental results for multiple generations of GRS-based serial links are presented, which includes a 16Gb/s 170fJ/b/mm on-chip link, a 20Gb/s 0.58pJ/b link across an organic package, and a 25Gb/s 1.17pJ/b link signaling over a printed-circuit board.
A non-invasive, in-vivo, bubble sizing instrument (2002)

Creare has developed and demonstrated a non-invasive, in-vivo instrument for detecting, classifying, and sizing gaseous emboli which can result in decompression sickness. The instrument consists of a low-frequency pump transducer to excite the fundamental vibration mode of the bubbles and a high-frequency imaging transducer to observe the resonance. Because the bubbles act as nonlinear mixers, sidebands will be present in the high-frequency return signal at plus and minus the pump frequency, if and only if, there is a resonant bubble. The instrument was extensively tested in vitro over a wide range of bubble size distributions. Preliminary experiments were performed on an animal model to demonstrate the device in vivo.
Antitumor Activity of Ribonuclease Multimers Created by Site-Specific Covalent Tethering (2010)

Site-specific cross-linking can generate homogeneous multimeric proteins of defined valency. Pancreatic-type ribonucleases are an especially attractive target, as their natural dimers can enter mammalian cells, evade the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor (RI), and exert their toxic ribonucleolytic activity. Here, we report on the use of eight distinct thiol-reactive cross-linking reagents to produce dimeric and trimeric conjugates of four pancreatic-type ribonucleases. Both the site of conjugation and, to a lesser extent, the propinquity of the monomers within the conjugate modulate affinity for RI, and hence cytotoxicity. Still, the cytotoxicity of the multimers is confounded in vitro by their increased hydrodynamic radius, which attenuates cytosolic entry. A monomeric RI-evasive variant of bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) inhibits the growth of human prostate and lung tumors in mice. An RI-evasive trimeric conjugate inhibits tumor growth at a lower dose and with less frequent administration than does the monomer. This effect is attributable to an enhanced persistence of the trimers in circulation. On a molecular basis, the trimer is ∼300-fold more efficacious and as well tolerated as erlotinib, which is in clinical use for the treatment of lung cancer. These data encourage the development of mammalian ribonucleases for the treatment of human cancers.
Coded Aperture Design for Compressive X-ray Tomosynthesis (2015)

This work describes an algorithm for the optimization of coded apertures in a compressive X-ray Tomosynthesis system by using the generalized mapping of the cone beam energy onto the detector. The reconstruction image quality obtained when using the optimized codes is higher compared to coded apertures generated randomly.
A 25 W 27.12 MHz wireless power transfer system (2016)

A Class EF
 2
 DC/AC inverter and a Class EF
 2
 AC/DC rectifier are presented for a 25 W inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system operating at a frequency of 27.12 MHz. Class EF
 2
 inverters and rectifiers are similar in construction to Class E circuits, but they contain an additional series LC circuit connected across the switch that is tuned to resonate at the second harmonic of the switching frequency. This additional resonant circuit allows Class EF
 2
 inverters and rectifiers to have less voltage stresses, increased power-output capability, improved performance and reduced electromagnetic interference (EMI) than Class E circuits. Consequently, these improved features of the Class EF
 2
 topology over the Class E topology can be beneficial in a WPT application.