gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical Analysis of Linearly Constrained Multi-Channel Wiener Filtering Algorithms for Combined Noise Reduction and Binaural Cue Preservation in Binaural Hearing Aids (2015)

Besides noise reduction, an important objective of binaural speech enhancement algorithms is the preservation of the binaural cues of all sound sources. For the desired speech source and the interfering sources, e.g., competing speakers, this can be achieved by preserving their relative transfer functions (RTFs). It has been shown that the binaural multi-channel Wiener filter (MWF) preserves the RTF of the desired speech source, but typically distorts the RTF of the interfering sources. To this end, in this paper we propose two extensions of the binaural MWF, i.e., the binaural MWF with RTF preservation (MWF-RTF) aiming to preserve the RTF of the interfering source and the binaural MWF with interference rejection (MWF-IR) aiming to completely suppress the interfering source. Analytical expressions for the performance of the binaural MWF, MWF-RTF and MWF-IR in terms of noise reduction, speech distortion and binaural cue preservation are derived, showing that the proposed extensions yield a better performance in terms of the signal-to-interference ratio and preservation of the binaural cues of the directional interference, while the overall noise reduction performance is degraded compared to the binaural MWF. Simulation results using binaural behind-the-ear impulse responses measured in a reverberant environment validate the derived analytical expressions for the theoretically achievable performance of the binaural MWF, MWF-RTF, and MWF-IR, showing that the performance highly depends on the position of the interfering source and the number of microphones. Furthermore, the simulation results show that the MWF-RTF yields a very similar overall noise reduction performance as the binaural MWF, while preserving the binaural cues of both the speech and the interfering source.
Service-Oriented Composition in BPEL4WS (2003)

The advent of Web services is enabling a move towards service‐ oriented computing. In order for this new computing paradigm to scale, choreography standards that enable one to aggregate or compose existing services into new services are critical. Such standards would allow third‐parties to provide value‐added services very much like in real‐world service‐oriented economies. In this paper, we examine the compositional aspects of the BPEL4WS choreography language.
Effective concentration 50 for propofol with and without 67% nitrous oxide (1993)

The Effective Blood Concentration (EC) of propofol required to prevent response to surgical incision was determined in 65 ASA I or II female patients breathing either 100% oxygen or 67% N2O in oxygen. Propofol was administered via a microcomputer-controlled infusion system programmed to maintain the blood propofol concentration at predetermined target values. The blood propofol concentrations predicted by the micro-computer were validated by measurement of whole blood propofol concentration. Predicted and measured concentrations differed during infusion of propofol, but became similar after discontinuing the infusion for at least 90 s, suggesting that equilibration within the central compartment was incomplete during infusion. The response to the initial incision was observed and probit analysis used to determine the predicted blood concentration at which 50% of patients responded. The predicted EC50 for propofol/N2O/O2 and propofol/O2 was 4.5 micrograms ml-1 and 6.0 micrograms ml-1 respectively, and the measured EC50 propofol/N2O/O2 and propofol/O2 was 5.36 micrograms ml-1 and 8.1 micrograms ml-1, 67% nitrous oxide in oxygen reducing the predicted EC50 by 25% and the measured EC50 of propofol by 33%. The predicted EC may be more representative of the equilibrated concentration in the central compartment and thus reflective of tissue propofol concentrations.
Purified cultures of keratin‐positive olfactory epithelial cells: Identification of a subset as neuronal supporting (Sustentacular) cells (1992)

The mammalian olfactory neuroepithelium, lining part of the nasal cavity, retains into adulthood progenitor cells for the olfactory receptor neurons and other cell types in the epithelium. The details of cellular lineage relationships are not completely understood. In particular, the exact nature of the interactions between several progenitor cell types and their relationship to neurons is not known. Studies of this system have been hampered by the lack of cell culture models and insufficient cell-type-specific markers. Antibodies to the cytokeratins are fairly specific markers for one potential progenitor cell type, the dark basal cells of the olfactory epithelium. Keratin immunostaining was used to develop cell culture systems which contained large numbers of putative dark basal cells, using the soft nasal mucosal tissues of both newborn and adult rats. Media and substrate conditions were optimized. The conditions which supported growth of keratin-positive nasal cells for greater than one month, and allowed partial purification, suggested similarities between olfactory and skin keratinocytes. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody specific for sustentacular cells (SUS-1) showed a subset of these cells present in culture, with some cells double-labelled with anti-keratin. This staining confirms the olfactory origin of at least a subset of the cells, and supports the proposal that the majority of cells were the dark olfactory basal cells. This culture system gives novel insights into olfactory epithelial cell physiology, and allows culture of these cells for further studies examining regulation of differentiation.
Effect of ketoconazole in combination with other inhibitors of sterol synthesis on fungal growth (1985)

The effect of combination of ketoconazole with other sterol synthesis inhibitors on fungal growth was tested against a variety of fungi selected for resistance to ketoconazole. All of the sterol inhibitors, at concentrations lower than their MICs, caused an increase greater than fourfold in the ketoconazole susceptibility of some fungi. Some of the sterol synthesis inhibitors showed this effect with ketoconazole at levels that may be achieved clinically.
Cumulant based parameter estimation of multichannel moving-average processes (2003)

Given finite samples of a stationary, perhaps noisy, nonGaussian r-variate moving-average, MA(q) process, the authors study cumulant based identifiability conditions, under which the MA coefficient matrices, the input statistics, and the order q, can be uniquely determined. The selection of a unique representative from the equivalence class corresponding to a given cumulant structure involves less restrictions than that corresponding to a given covariance structure. They derive two algorithms for estimating the (possibly) nonminimum phase MA coefficient matrices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stille/Diels−Alder Reaction Sequences:  Diversity-Oriented Access to Novel Steroids (2007)

[reaction: see text] An efficient, diversity-oriented approach to novel steroid analogues possessing a C-5beta configuration begins with the Stille cross-coupling of enantiomerically pure cycloalkenylstannane trans-2 and enol triflate 3. The resulting diene trans-4 engages in Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions with a range of dienophiles to give, after removal of protecting groups, biologically interesting 6,7-disubstituted steroid analogues.
Modulation of nuclear <scp>REST</scp> by alternative splicing: a potential therapeutic target for Huntington's disease (2017)

Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by a genetically mutated huntingtin (mHtt) protein with expanded polyQ stretch, which impairs cytosolic sequestration of the repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), resulting in excessive nuclear REST and subsequent repression of neuronal genes. We recently demonstrated that REST undergoes extensive, context-dependent alternative splicing, of which exon-3 skipping (∆E<sub>3</sub> )-a common event in human and nonhuman primates-causes loss of a motif critical for REST nuclear targeting. This study aimed to determine whether ∆E<sub>3</sub> can be targeted to reduce nuclear REST and rescue neuronal gene expression in mouse striatal-derived, mHtt-expressing STHdh<sup>Q111/Q111</sup> cells-a well-established cellular model of HD. We designed two morpholino antisense oligos (ASOs) targeting the splice sites of Rest E<sub>3</sub> and examined their effects on ∆E<sub>3</sub> , nuclear Rest accumulation and Rest-controlled gene expression in STHdh<sup>Q111/Q111</sup> cells. We found that (1) the ASOs treatment significantly induced ∆E<sub>3</sub> , reduced nuclear Rest, and rescued transcription and/or mis-splicing of specific neuronal genes (e.g. Syn1 and Stmn2) in STHdh<sup>Q111/Q111</sup> cells; and (2) the ASOs-induced transcriptional regulation was dependent on ∆E<sub>3</sub> induction and mimicked by siRNA-mediated knock-down of Rest expression. Our findings demonstrate modulation of nuclear REST by ∆E<sub>3</sub> and its potential as a new therapeutic target for HD and provide new insights into environmental regulation of genome function and pathogenesis of HD. As ∆E<sub>3</sub> is modulated by cellular signalling and linked to various types of cancer, we anticipate that ∆E<sub>3</sub> contributes to environmentally tuned REST function and may have a broad range of clinical implications.
The State of Australian Manufacturing (2008)

Over the past 10 years Australia has been losing the equivalent of 184 jobs in manufacturing every week. Recognising that the decisions Australia makes now in relation to the future of manufacturing will have profound social and economic implications for the future, and concerned that without a strong and growing manufacturing capacity Australia will lose its economic and manufacturing independence, the Australian Manufacturing Workers' Union commissioned NIEIR to prepare this report. Peter Brain reviews the recent performance of manufacturing in Australia and quantifies the drivers of change in manufacturing. The report then moves to developing specific policies to improve manufacturing performance and suggesting the changes in general macroeconomic policies that would improve macroeconomic performance. This is the second bi-annual report prepared by NIEIR for the AMWU on the state of the Australian manufacturing industry and is published with the consent of the AMWU.
APHA seeks abstracts for 2018 Annual Meeting in San Diego (2018)

APHA’s 2017 Annual Meeting and Expo may have just wrapped, but it is not too soon to start thinking about this year’s event in San Diego: The Association is now accepting abstracts for the 2018 meeting.
Self-stripping of optical fiber coatings in hydrocarbon liquids and cable filling compounds (1991)

Optical fiber coatings are in continuous contact with filling cornpounds in optical cables. They are also exposed to hydrocarbon liquids (either as cleaning or lubricating fluids) during splicing operations. We observed that hydrocarbon solvents such as toluene, acetone, ethyl alcohol,isopropyl alcohol, and light rnineral oils (in cable filling cornpounds)cause swelling and self-stripping in some dual-coated fibers. A numerical stress analysis for a swollen dual-coated fiber revealed that swelling induces a compressive radial stress and a tensile tangential stress in the secondary coating; both stress components attain their maximum values at the primary/secondary coating interface. The self-stripping process occurs when the energy stored (due to increasing tensile tangential stress at the interface) exceeds the fracture toughness of the secondary coating. This analysis has provided quantitative measures of coating hydrocarbon solvent/filling compound compatibility and will establish a rational basis for compatibility in optical cable filling compound design.
Perceptual Adversarial Networks for Image-to-Image Transformation (2018)

In this paper, we propose Perceptual Adversarial Networks (PAN) for image-to-image transformations. Different from existing application driven algorithms, PAN provides a generic framework of learning to map from input images to desired images (Fig. 1), such as a rainy image to its de-rained counterpart, object edges to photos, semantic labels to a scenes image, etc. The proposed PAN consists of two feed-forward convolutional neural networks (CNNs): the image transformation network T and the discriminative network D. Besides the generative adversarial loss widely used in GANs, we propose the perceptual adversarial loss, which undergoes an adversarial training process between the image transformation network T and the hidden layers of the discriminative network D. The hidden layers and the output of the discriminative network D are upgraded to constantly and automatically discover the discrepancy between the transformed image and the corresponding ground-truth, while the image transformation network T is trained to minimize the discrepancy explored by the discriminative network D. Through integrating the generative adversarial loss and the perceptual adversarial loss, D and T can be trained alternately to solve image-to-image transformation tasks. Experiments evaluated on several image-to-image transformation tasks (e.g., image de-raining, image inpainting, etc) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed PAN and its advantages over many existing works.
Effector and regulatory cells in autoimmune oophoritis elicited by neonatal thymectomy (1991)

(C57BL/6 x A/J)F1 (B6AF1) mice thymectomized between days 1 and 4 of age develop autoimmune oophoritis (D3TX oophoritis) 4 to 6 wk later. Oophoritis can be adoptively transferred to young recipients, and the disease in D3TX mice is prevented by reconstitution with normal adult spleen cells. The present study was further defined the nature of the effector and suppressor cells. Contrary to an earlier report, oophoritis is transferred to syngeneic and not allogeneic recipients. The spleen cells from D3TX mice when stimulated in vitro with Con A, also transfer oophoritis to adult recipients. The effector cells are CD4+: oophoritis transfer is abrogated by CD4 antibody and not by CD8 antibody and C. Spleen cells from D3TX male mice transfer disease less efficiently than female cells, thus endogenous ovarian Ag may be required for activation of effector T cells. T cells from normal adult spleen that suppress D3TX oophoritis also appear to be of CD4+ phenotype. These cells are likely to be derived from adult thymus because adult thymocytes also suppress D3TX disease. We were unable to substantiate the earlier claim that suppressor cells in normal mice are ovarian Ag specific. Thus male and female spleen cells suppress disease with comparable efficiency, and deprivation of endogenous ovarian Ag by neonatal ovariectomy of cell donors had no observable effect on disease suppression.
Expansion and Differentiation of Human Hematopoietic Cells from Static Cultures through Small‐Scale Bioreactors (1993)

Maintenance of the progenitor cells responsible for hematopoiesis has generally been accomplished using a feeder layer of stromal cells in stationary culture. Here, we compared the expansion of the total cell and progenitor cell populations using low-density mononuclear cells (LDMCs) obtained from human bone marrow in static culture (T-flasks) and in different cell culture bioreactors designed for the scale-up of mammalian cells. Static cultures were performed without the presence of a previously established stromal cell layer. Expansion of marrow in all cases was accomplished through the use of added cytokines such as IL-3, GM-CSF, and c-kit ligand. The results for the total cell expansion in static culture ranged from 4.4- to 32-fold. The cell number increase was affected by such factors as patient to patient variability, freeze-thawing, and the combination of cytokines used. Due to widespread use and the small amount of marrow needed, static cultures were used as a basis for comparison with other expansion systems. The cell culture systems used to evaluate the scale-up of marrow cultures included suspension, microcarrier, airlift, and hollow fiber bioreactors. Using identical media, cytokines, and feed schedules, LDMCs in the suspension bioreactor expanded to a value of 1.6 compared to a normalized value of 1.0 for static cultures for the two runs investigated. Expansion results for microcarrier cultures averaged 0.75 when compared to static cultures. A cell number increase in the airlift bioreactor resulted in an expansion which was 0.70 of the control static culture. Granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid progenitor assay data were also evaluated for the suspension, microcarrier, and airlift bioreactors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
[Continuous pattern recognition in the assessment of memory disorders in dementia]. (1989)

A simple and short method for assessing visual short term memory is presented, based on continuous picture recognition, which is not explicitly dependent on input or output language abilities. The material was gathered from Kimura's Recurring Figures Test (RFT) and Erzigkeit's SKT. Two of three parallel series which are characterized by different levels of "nameability" and familiarity are apt to distinguish between demented patients and patients without memory problems. Objectivity is assured by a simle scoring system which allows rapid transformation into d'-values according to signal detection theory. It is expected that by this procedure not only screening for memory problems in the demented will be facilitated, but also the impact of language disorders will be minimized.
Heparin‐releasable platelet factor 4 in patients with coronary artery disease (1991)

Recently, platelet factor 4 (PF4) release by heparin (heparin-releasable PF4) has been examined as a useful marker of the interaction between the substances liberated from circulating platelets and the vascular endothelium. We compared the plasma levels of PF4 and beta-thromboglobulin (beta-TG) after intravenous heparin injection in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and normal control subjects. We also studied the effects of low-dose aspirin (81 mg/day) on the plasma level of heparin-releasable PF4 in the CAD patients. Blood samples were obtained before and 5 min after the intravenous injection of heparin (1,000 IU) from 23 patients with CAD and 15 normal control subjects. Although the plasma beta-TG level remained unchanged after heparin injection, the plasma PF4 level markedly increased in both groups. There was a significant difference in plasma PF4 levels at 5 min after heparin injection between the CAD group (100.1 +/- 38.1) and the control group (61.0 +/- 24.0) (p less than 0.01). The PF4/beta-TG ratio after heparin injection was also higher in the CAD group than in the control group (p less than 0.01). There was a correlation between the PF4/beta-TG ratio after heparin and the Gensini CAD score, which defines the severity of coronary atherosclerosis (r = 0.489, n = 23, p less than 0.01). Low-dose aspirin was administered to 11 CAD patients for 246.0 +/- 28.8 days. Blood samples for the assay of PF4 and beta-TG were obtained as stated above, and platelet aggregation, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1 alpha) levels were also measured before and during aspirin administration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OCCAMS -- An Optimal Combinatorial Covering Algorithm for Multi-document Summarization (2012)

OCCAMS is a new algorithm for the Multi-Document Summarization (MDS) problem. We use Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) to produce term weights which identify the main theme(s) of a set of documents. These are used by our heuristic for extractive sentence selection which borrows techniques from combinatorial optimization to select a set of sentences such that the combined weight of the terms covered is maximized while redundancy is minimized. OCCAMS outperforms CLASSY11 on DUC/TAC data for nearly all years since 2005, where CLASSY11 is the best human-rated system of TAC 2011. OCCAMS also delivers higher ROUGE scores than all human-generated summaries for TAC 2011. We show that if the combinatorial component of OCCAMS, which computes the extractive summary, is given true weights of terms, then the quality of the summaries generated outperforms all human generated summaries for all years using ROUGE-2, ROUGE-SU4, and a coverage metric. We introduce this new metric based on term coverage and demonstrate that a simple bi-gram instantiation achieves a statistically significant higher Pearson correlation with overall responsiveness than ROUGE on the TAC data.
Phenotypic characterization and ontogeny of mesodermal-derived and endocrine epithelial components of the human thymic microenvironment. (1984)

Using murine monoclonal antibodies TE-4 and TE-7 raised against human thymic stroma, we identified two distinct and mutually exclusive thymic microenvironment components: the thymic endocrine epithelium (TE-4+) and mesodermal-derived fibrous stroma (TE-7+). TE-4-reactive epithelium did not react with antibody TE-7, contained thymosin alpha 1 and keratin, and expressed other known markers of thymic endocrine epithelium (A2B5 and p19). Moreover, TE-4+ thymic epithelial cells strongly expressed class I (HLA-A, -B and -C) and class II (Ia-like) major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. In contrast, TE-7+ thymic fibrous stroma did not react with antibody TE-4, did not contain thymosin alpha 1 nor keratin, and did not express the thymic endocrine epithelium markers A2B5 and p19. TE-7+ thymic stromal cells weakly expressed class I and did not express class II MHC antigens. Both TE-4+ and TE-7+ thymic microenvironment compartments were identifiable in thymus from 7 wk gestation through adult life. At 7 wk fetal gestation, TE-7+ stroma surrounded a cylindrical TE-4+, A2B5+ thymic epithelial rudiment. Between 10 and 15 wk fetal gestation, TE-7+ thymic stroma surrounded early thymic lobules. By 15 wk fetal gestation, antibody TE-4 defined subcapsular cortical and medullary zones of endocrine thymic epithelium, while antibody TE-7 bound to interlobular fibrous septae, vessels, and thymic fibrous capsule. While otherwise specific for endocrine thymic epithelium, antibody TE-4 reacted with the basal layer of squamous epithelium in skin, tonsil, conjunctiva, and upper esophagus.
Biopython: freely available Python tools for computational molecular biology and bioinformatics (2009)

Biopython is freely available, with documentation and source code at (www.biopython.org) under the Biopython license.
Clinical utility of FDG PET (2004)

The aim of this article is to introduce the clinical utility of FDG PET as oncologic imaging. PET (positron emission tomography) is a newly developed imaging tool, and it has increased the accuracy of metabolic mapping of numerous malignancies, with significant impact on the management of cancer patients for initial staging, restaging and therapy monitoring. PET can provide functional information in addition to morphology from conventional imaging modalities. 18F-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) is the most commonly used PET tracer and FDG PET can demonstrate the activity of glucose metabolism throughout the entire body in a single session. We describe the clinical utility of FDG in PET and display images of normal distribution and of patients with head and neck and lung cancer.