gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling Automated Workflows for Production (2007)

Abstract The Oil & Gas industry faces manpower, equipment, and service shortages as it tries to cope with a world energy demand that is projected to grow from 230 million barrel of oil equivalents per day (boe/d) today to 335 million boe/d in 2030. As such, it will rely heavily on technological advances to meet future energy demands. Additionally, the most experienced engineering staff will retire in the next 5-10 years. Therefore, significant workforce productivity gains will have to be realized through digital oilfield automation initiatives to manage future levels of E&P activity. Many production workflows require engineers to coordinate data flows between disparate numbers of applications. Studies have shown that about 70% of an engineers time is spend gathering, formatting, and translating data for use in these different applications. For standard production activities, ie. workflows, this time can be drastically reduced by creating an automated system to execute the prescribed workflow. The automated workflow not only reduces the engineers valuable time doing these repetitive tasks, but also ensures consistency in methods, reduces the likelihood of input errors, and creates a repository for "best practices" that can be maintained long term as personnel (and their knowledge) is moved into and out of the production asset. For many years automated workflows have been a part of the design and production cycles in other industries like Aerospace, Automotive, and Industrial Manufacturing. These industries have been tying together applications and data sources along with using stochastic analysis methods and optimization to improve their overall productivity. This is exactly what the Oil & Gas industry needs today. The tools used to orchestrate these workflows across a wide variety of applications, requirements and IT systems have matured to a state that the creation of new automated workflows is virtually "plug & play".
Anti‐CD3 mAbs for treatment of type 1 diabetes (2009)

The use of anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) has moved from the bench to the bedside. The experience with the anti-human CD3 mAb OKT3 for treatment of transplant rejection identified limitations that were largely overcome with the creation of humanized non-FcR binding antibodies: Teplizumab, Otelixizumab and Visilizumab. Preclinical studies showed the ability of the drugs to reverse hyperglycaemia in diabetic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice providing rationale for clinical trials with the agents. The former two drugs have been tested in subjects with new onset type 1 diabetes. They have both shown, in randomized clinical trials, an ability to reduce the loss of insulin production over the first 2 years of the disease. In addition, the need for exogenous insulin to maintain glucose control has been reduced. However, these agents alone do not restore normal glucose control, and future approaches will likely require combinations of agents with complementary immune or metabolic activity.
DNA Nanotechnology for Precise Control over Drug Delivery and Gene Therapy (2016)

Nanomedicine has been growing exponentially due to its enhanced drug targeting and reduced drug toxicity. It uses the interactions where nanotechnological components and biological systems communicate with each other to facilitate the delivery performance. At this scale, the physiochemical properties of delivery systems strongly affect their capacities. Among current delivery systems, DNA nanotechnology shows many advantages because of its unprecedented engineering abilities. Through molecular recognition, DNA nanotechnology can be used to construct a variety of nanostructures with precisely controllable size, shape, and surface chemistry, which can be appreciated in the delivery process. In this review, different approaches that are currently used for the construction of DNA nanostructures are reported. Further, the utilization of these DNA nanostructures with the well-defined parameters for the precise control in drug delivery and gene therapy is discussed.
Immunohistochemical Localization of Endothelin-1 in Human Placenta from Normal and Growth-Restricted Pregnancies (2003)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the localization of endothelin-1 (ET-1) immunoreactivity differs in human placental tissues from third-trimester normal and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) pregnancies. Immunohistochemistry for ET-1 was performed on human placentas from 30 IUGR and 30 uncomplicated pregnancies matched for gestational age. The distribution and intensity of ET-1 immunoreactivity was assessed by a semiquantitative scoring system. Doppler flow velocity waveform analysis of the umbilical artery was performed in each patient before delivery. ET-1 was localized diffusely in placental specimens from normal and IUGR pregnancies. The localization of ET-1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the capillary endothelial cells of villi as well as in the endothelial, decidual, and trophoblastic cells of the basal plate in placentas from normal pregnancies than from IUGR pregnancies. There was no significant difference in placental ET-1 immunoreactivity between IUGR pregnancies with normal and abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms. Placental ET-1 immunoreactivity was significantly higher in the decidual and trophoblastic cells of the basal plate and the capillary endothelial cells of villi in normal pregnancies than in IUGR pregnancies with normal umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms. However, only the decidual and trophoblastic cells of the basal plate demonstrated significantly higher abundant localization of ET-1 immunoreactivity in normal pregnancies than in IUGR pregnancies with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the lower expression of ET-1 in placental tissues from IUGR pregnancies might be secondary to an adaptive mechanism to reduce the vasoconstrictor effect of ET-1.
Self-tracking duplex communication link using planar retrodirective antennas (1999)

In this paper, a compact architecture for an active planar retrodirective antenna array is presented and its application in a self-tracking duplex communication link discussed. The problem of beam-pointing error (BPE) is addressed and a method is suggested to reduce this error. The proposed architecture, which conventionally performs the function of the retransmission of an incident signal back in the direction of its source, is modified in order to include a receive function. Experimental verification of these architectures are performed at 1 GHz and the results from the prototypes are compared with a theoretical model. Finally, the utility of the architecture is demonstrated for its potential use in a duplex communication link.
Single-molecule Mechanical Analysis of Strand Invasion in Human Telomere DNA (2021)

ABSTRACT Telomeres are essential chromosome end capping structures that safeguard the genome from dangerous DNA processing events. DNA strand invasion occurs during vital transactions at telomeres, including telomere length maintenance by the alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) pathway. During telomeric strand invasion, a single stranded guanine-rich (G-rich) DNA invades at a complimentary duplex telomere repeat sequence forming a displacement loop (D-loop) in which the displaced DNA consists of the same G-rich sequence as the invading single stranded DNA. Single stranded G-rich telomeric DNA readily folds into stable, compact, structures called G-quadruplexes (GQ) in vitro, and is anticipated to form within the context of a D-loop; however, evidence supporting this hypothesis is lacking. Here we report a magnetic tweezers assay that permits the controlled formation of telomeric D-loops (TDLs) within uninterrupted duplex human telomere DNA molecules of physiologically relevant lengths. Our results are consistent with a model wherein the displaced single stranded DNA of a TDL folds into a GQ. This study provides new insight into telomere structure and establishes a framework for development of novel therapeutics designed to target GQs at telomeres in cancer cells.
AMIGO, a transmembrane protein implicated in axon tract development, defines a novel protein family with leucine-rich repeats (2003)

Ordered differential display identified a novel sequence induced in neurons by the neurite-promoting protein amphoterin. We named this gene amphoterin-induced gene and ORF (AMIGO), and also cloned two other novel genes homologous to AMIGO (AMIGO2 and AMIGO3). Together, these three AMIGOs form a novel family of genes coding for type I transmembrane proteins which contain a signal sequence for secretion and a transmembrane domain. The deduced extracellular parts of the AMIGOs contain six leucine-rich repeats (LRRs) flanked by cysteine-rich LRR NH2- and COOH-terminal domains and by one immunoglobulin domain close to the transmembrane region. A substrate-bound form of the recombinant AMIGO ectodomain promoted prominent neurite extension in hippocampal neurons, and in solution, the same AMIGO ectodomain inhibited fasciculation of neurites. A homophilic and heterophilic binding mechanism is shown between the members of the AMIGO family. Our results suggest that the members of the AMIGO protein family are novel cell adhesion molecules among which AMIGO is specifically expressed on fiber tracts of neuronal tissues and participates in their formation.
A new look at cerebrospinal fluid circulation (2014)

According to the traditional understanding of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) physiology, the majority of CSF is produced by the choroid plexus, circulates through the ventricles, the cisterns, and the subarachnoid space to be absorbed into the blood by the arachnoid villi. This review surveys key developments leading to the traditional concept. Challenging this concept are novel insights utilizing molecular and cellular biology as well as neuroimaging, which indicate that CSF physiology may be much more complex than previously believed. The CSF circulation comprises not only a directed flow of CSF, but in addition a pulsatile to and fro movement throughout the entire brain with local fluid exchange between blood, interstitial fluid, and CSF. Astrocytes, aquaporins, and other membrane transporters are key elements in brain water and CSF homeostasis. A continuous bidirectional fluid exchange at the blood brain barrier produces flow rates, which exceed the choroidal CSF production rate by far. The CSF circulation around blood vessels penetrating from the subarachnoid space into the Virchow Robin spaces provides both a drainage pathway for the clearance of waste molecules from the brain and a site for the interaction of the systemic immune system with that of the brain. Important physiological functions, for example the regeneration of the brain during sleep, may depend on CSF circulation.
p53 independent epigenetic-differentiation treatment in xenotransplant models of acute myeloid leukemia (2011)

Abstract Suppression of apoptosis by TP53 mutation contributes to resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to conventional cytotoxic treatment. Using differentiation to induce irreversible cell cycle exit in AML cells could be a p53-independent treatment alternative, however, this possibility requires evaluation. In vitro and in vivo regimens of the cytosine analogue decitabine that deplete the chromatin modifying enzyme DNA methyl-transferase 1 (DNMT1) without phosphorylating p53 or inducing early apoptosis were determined. These decitabine regimens but not equimolar DNA-damaging cytarabine up regulated the key late differentiation factors CEBP&x03B5; and p27/CDKN1B, induced cellular differentiation, and terminated AML cell-cycle, even in cytarabine-resistant p53- and p16/CDKN2A-null AML cells. Leukemia initiation by xeno-transplanted AML cells was abrogated but normal hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment was preserved. In vivo, the low toxicity allowed frequent drug administration to increase exposure, an important consideration for S-phase specific decitabine therapy. In xeno-transplant models of p53-null and relapsed/refractory AML, the non-cytotoxic regimen significantly extended survival compared to conventional cytotoxic cytarabine. Modifying in vivo dose and schedule to emphasize this pathway of decitabine action can bypass a mechanism of resistance to standard therapy.
Evolution of Multi-Gigabit Wireline Transceivers in CMOS (2014)

Since the first OC-192 transceiver in CMOS was introduced in 2000, architecture and technology advancements have pushed wireline transceivers in CMOS to mainstream, even for OC-768 data rates. A diverse portfolio of multi-gigabit SerDes I/Os is now essential for large scale SOCs, not only for Networking but also Consumer applications. DSP-based transceivers with ADC frontends have forced a paradigm shift in how wireline transceivers are architected. This paper covers the evolution of CMOS wireline transceivers at Broadcom.
Three-Phase Synchronous Generators Performance with Unbalanced and Non-Linear Loading - Analytical and Experimental Analysis (2006)

This paper aims at investigating electrical and mechanical performance of three-phase salient pole synchronous generator with unbalanced and non-linear loading. The time domain technique is employed to represent the three-phase synchronous generator. By studying the generator operation with nonideal AC load conditions, the machine electrical and mechanical impacts caused by unbalances and harmonics are evaluated and discussed. Besides theoretical studies, experimental results obtained from a 2kVA three-phase prototype were derived so as to validate the computational approach and conclusions. Finally, by using a real size generator of 25MVA, more realistic results are computationally achieved and discussed.
A 12-Residue-long Polyleucine Tail Is Sufficient to Anchor Synaptobrevin to the Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane (1996)

Synaptobrevin is a tail-anchored protein with a hydrophobic C-terminal transmembrane segment that inserts into the endoplasmic reticulum membrane independently of the SRP/Sec61p pathway. Here, we show that idealized hydrophobic segments composed of 11-17 leucines and 1 valine function as insertion signals in vitro, whereas shorter segments do not. These results suggest that there are no specific requirements beyond overall hydrophobicity for C-terminal endoplasmic reticulum insertion signals.
Crystalline Si nanoparticles below crystallization threshold: Effects of collisional heating in non-thermal atmospheric-pressure microplasmas (2014)

Nucleation and growth of highly crystalline silicon nanoparticles in atmospheric-pressure low-temperature microplasmas at gas temperatures well below the Si crystallization threshold and within a short (100 μs) period of time are demonstrated and explained. The modeling reveals that collision-enhanced ion fluxes can effectively increase the heat flux on the nanoparticle surface and this heating is controlled by the ion density. It is shown that nanoparticles can be heated to temperatures above the crystallization threshold. These combined experimental and theoretical results confirm the effective heating and structure control of Si nanoparticles at atmospheric pressure and low gas temperatures.
Cation Ordering in Synthetic Layered Double Hydroxides (1997)

Abstract A combined powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray absorption (XAS) study of Fe(III) cation ordering within pyroaurite is described. It is concluded that there is no correlation between Fe(III) cation positions over distances of a few tens of angstroms, but that there is a very high level of local ordering, involving the absence of Fe(III)-Fe(III) neighbors. These observations are rationalized in terms of a significant frequency of lattice defects in the form of cation vacancies or Mg for Fe(III) substitutions. These results are expected to be generalizable to other M(II)/M(III) layered double hydroxides (LDHs), but are in contrast to the long-range cation ordering observed in Li/Al LDHs. This raises the interesting possibility of differing properties and stabilities based on the degree of cation ordering.
Magnetoelectric interactions in layered composites of piezoelectric quartz and magnetostrictive alloys (2012)

Mechanical strain mediated magnetoelectric effects are studied in bilayers and trilayers of piezoelectric quartz and magnetostrictive permendur (P), an alloy of Fe-Co-V. It is shown that the magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (MEVC), proportional to the ratio of the piezoelectric coupling coefficient to the permittivity, is higher in quartz-based composites than for traditional ferroelectrics-based ME composites. In bilayers of $X$-cut single crystal quartz and permendur, the MEVC varies from 1.5 V/cm Oe at 20 Hz to \ensuremath{\sim}185 V/cm Oe at bending resonance or electromechanical resonance corresponding to longitudinal acoustic modes. In symmetric $X$-cut quartz-P trilayers, the MEVC \ensuremath{\sim}4.8 V/cm Oe at 20 Hz and \ensuremath{\sim}175 V/cm Oe at longitudinal acoustic resonance. Trilayers of $Y$-cut quartz and permendur show ME coupling under a shear strain with an MEVC that is an order of magnitude smaller than for longitudinal strain in samples with $X$-cut quartz. A model for low-frequency and resonance ME effects which allows for explicit expressions of MEVC and resonance frequencies is provided and calculated. MEVCs are in general agreement with measured values. Magnetoelectric composites with quartz have the desired characteristics such as the absence of ferroelectric hysteresis and pyroelectric losses and could potentially replace ferroelectrics in composite-based magnetic sensors, transducers, and high-frequency devices.
OSSM: a segmentation approach to optimize frequency counting (2003)

Computing the frequency of a pattern is one of the key operations in data mining algorithms. We describe a simple yet powerful way of speeding up any form of frequency counting satisfying the monotonicity condition. Our method, the optimized segment support map (OSSM), is a light-weight structure which partitions the collection of transactions into m segments, so as to reduce the number of candidate patterns that require frequency counting. We study the following problems: (1) what is the optimal number of segments to be used; and (2) given a user-determined m, what is the best segmentation/composition of the m segments? For Problem 1, we provide a thorough analysis and a theorem establishing the minimum value of m for which there is no accuracy lost in using the OSSM. For Problem 2, we develop various algorithms and heuristics, which efficiently generate OSSMs that are compact and effective, to help facilitate segmentation.
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) activity is regulated by interaction with protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4 (2005)

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is one of four members of the human class I HDACs that regulates gene expression by deacetylation of histones and nonhistone proteins. Early studies have suggested that HDAC3 activity is regulated by association with the corepressors N-CoR and SMRT. Here we demonstrate that, in addition to protein-protein interactions with NCoR/SMRT, the activity of HDAC3 is regulated by both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. A protein kinase CK2 phosphoacceptor site in the HDAC3 protein was identified at position Ser424, which is a nonconserved residue among the class I HDACs. Mutation of this residue was found to reduce deacetylase activity. Interestingly, unlike other class I HDACs, HDAC3 uniquely copurifies with the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the protein serine/threonine phosphatase 4 complex (PP4c/PP4R1). Furthermore, HDAC3 complexes displayed protein phosphatase activity and a series of subsequent mutational analyses revealed that the N terminus of HDAC3 (residues 1-122) was both necessary and sufficient for HDAC3-PP4c interactions. Significantly, both overexpression and siRNA knock-down approaches, and analysis of cells devoid of PP4c, unequivocally show that HDAC3 activity is inversely proportional to the cellular abundance of PP4(c). These findings therefore further highlight the importance of protein-protein interactions and extend the significance of dephosphorylation in the regulation of HDAC activity, as well as present a novel alternative pathway by which HDAC3 activity is regulated.
Two-dimensional packing for irregular shaped objects (2003)

Packing problems arise in a wide variety of application areas. The basic problem is that of determining an efficient arrangement of different objects in a region without any overlap. The simplest packing problem is rectangular packing, where both the objects and the region are rectangular. Many research works have been done on two and three dimensional rectangular packing. However, there are many situations when either objects or the containing region is irregular in shape. In the project, we concentrate on two-dimensional packing problems involving irregular shaped objects (both convex and concave). We have applied several approaches to solve such problems.
A prospective randomized controlled trial assessing the effect of music on patients’ anxiety in venous catheter placement procedures (2022)

The aim of the study was to assess the influence of music on anxiety levels compared to standard patient care in patients undergoing venous catheter placement procedures. This prospective randomized controlled trial included patients undergoing placement procedures for peripherally inserted central venous catheters (PICC), ports and central venous catheters (CVC). Patients were randomly assigned to a music intervention group (MIG) and a control group (CTRL). State and trait anxiety levels were assessed as primary outcome using the state-trait anxiety inventory (STAI) before and after the procedures. Secondary outcomes comprised averaged heart rate for all participants and time of radiological surveillance for port placement procedures exclusively. 72 participants were included into the final analysis (MIG n = 40; CTRL n = 32). All procedures were successful and no major complications were reported. Mean levels for post-interventional anxieties were significantly lower in the MIG compared to the CTRL (34.9 ± 8.9 vs. 44 ± 12.1; p < 0.001). Mean heart rate in the MIG was significantly lower than in the CTRL (76.1 ± 13.7 vs. 93 ± 8.9; p < 0.001). Procedure time for port implantation was significantly longer in the MIG by 3 min 45 s (p = 0.031). Music exposure during central venous catheter placement procedures highly significantly reduces anxiety and stress levels and can be used to improve patients' overall experience in the angio suite.
Probability density estimation from optimally condensed data samples (2003)

The requirement to reduce the computational cost of evaluating a point probability density estimate when employing a Parzen window estimator is a well-known problem. This paper presents the Reduced Set Density Estimator that provides a kernel-based density estimator which employs a small percentage of the available data sample and is optimal in the L/sub 2/ sense. While only requiring /spl Oscr/(N/sup 2/) optimization routines to estimate the required kernel weighting coefficients, the proposed method provides similar levels of performance accuracy and sparseness of representation as Support Vector Machine density estimation, which requires /spl Oscr/(N/sup 3/) optimization routines, and which has previously been shown to consistently outperform Gaussian Mixture Models. It is also demonstrated that the proposed density estimator consistently provides superior density estimates for similar levels of data reduction to that provided by the recently proposed Density-Based Multiscale Data Condensation algorithm and, in addition, has comparable computational scaling. The additional advantage of the proposed method is that no extra free parameters are introduced such as regularization, bin width, or condensation ratios, making this method a very simple and straightforward approach to providing a reduced set density estimator with comparable accuracy to that of the full sample Parzen density estimator.