gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magneto-optical disk drive technology using multiple fiber-coupled flying optical heads Part II Laser noise considerations (2002)

A magneto-optical data storage system utilizing single-mode fiber is capable of providing high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) recording if laser noise sources are properly managed. In particular, mode partition noise (MPN) associated with use of a Fabry-Perot laser diode can be a significant problem in a fiber-based system. The various mechanisms leading to MPN as well as to laser phase noise are discussed in the context of a system constructed with polarization-maintaining fiber. The primary noise mechanisms include spurious fiber-endface reflections and errors in the quarter-wave plate on the recording head. An understanding of these effects is essential for fabrication of a fiber-based recording system with suitable SNR performance.
Studies on the Coagulation of Soymilk-protein by Commercial Proteinases (1987)

A coagulation test of soymilk-protein was carried out with various commercial proteinases originating from microorganisms, plants and animals. The soymilk-protein was coagulated by the following proteinases: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces caespitosus, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus sojae, Endothia parasitica, Rhizopus sp., Mucor miehei, bromelain, papain and trypsin. However, such proteinases as Aspergillus saitoi, rennin and pepsin did not coagulate the protein. The coagulability of enzymes decreased as the pH of the soymilk was increased from 5.9 to 6.7. The optimum temperature for soymilk-clotting activity varied widely with the enzyme origin; for example, 55°C in the case of proteinases of Bacillus polymyxa and Rhizopus sp., 65°C in that of Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus so jae and trypsin, 75°C in that of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Streptomyces griseus, Streptomyces caespitosus and Endothia paracitica, and 85°C in that of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thermoproteolyticus. The coagulum made with the enzyme was separated into soymilk-curd and whey in a volume ratio of 1 to 1 by centrifugation at about 1600 × g. The moisture content of the curd was about 87%.
Design of Curie point written magnetoresistance random access memory cells (2003)

Very high density magnetoresistance random access memory (MRAM) cells may be subject to thermal upset. This article describes designs that enhance thermal stability and increase ultimate density by using the combination of heat and magnetic field for writing data. The basic storage mechanism can be shape anisotropy, the coupling between an antiferromagnetic layer and a ferromagnetic layer, or a combination of the two. Two designs are described in this article. The first uses a low Curie point material with high shape anisotropy at room temperature. These cells use active semiconductor devices to restrict heating current to only one cell in an array. The second approach employs the interface coupling between a ferromagnetic film and an antiferromagnetic film as the storage mechansism. A cell may be written by heating above the Néel temperature and cooling the interface in a magnetic field by using orthogonal lines for heating and magnetic field. Heating and cooling times are a few nanoseconds. These design approaches could lead to stable MRAM cells with diameters less than 0.1 μm and requiring lower drive currents.
All-optical 2R-regeneration of 10 Gbit/s RZ data transmitted over 30000 km in a dispersion-managed system using an electroabsorption modulator (2002)

All-optical 2R regeneration of 10 Gbit/s RZ data transmitted over 30000 km in a dispersion-managed system was demonstrated using an electroabsorption modulator at the receiver. The modulator suppresses the accumulated optical noise, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the transmitted data.
A Novel Multiple Description Video Coding Algorithm (2008)

Multiple description coding (MDC) has emerged as an attractive approach for video applications where retransmission is unacceptable or infeasible. Considering that in a video sequence not one but many scene are joined together, we make the coder work on when scene are changing, and some methods are designed for this condition. The experimental results exhibit better performance of the proposed scheme than conventional schemes.
Space-Time Video Montage (2006)

Conventional video summarization methods focus predominantly on summarizing videos along the time axis, such as building a movie trailer: The resulting video trailer tends to retain much empty space in the background of the video frames while discarding much informative video content due to size limit. In this paper we propose a novel spacetime video summarization method which we call space-time video montage. The method simultaneously analyzes both the spatial and temporal injbrmation distribution in a video sequence, and extracts the visually informative space-time portions of the input videos. The informative video porlions are represented in volumetric layers. The layers are then packrd together in a smull ouzput video volume such that the total amount of visual information in the video volume is maximized. To achieve the packing process, we develop a new algorithm based upon the first-fit and Graph cut optimization techniques. Since our method is uble to cut off spatially und temporally less informative portions, it is uble to generate much more compact yet highly informative output videos. The effecliveness of our method is validated by extensive experiments over a wide variety of videos.
Comparison of Chemical and Heating Methods to Enhance Latent Fingerprint Deposits on Thermal Paper (2013)

Abstract A comparison is made of proprietary methods to develop latent fingerprint deposits on the inked side of thermal paper using either chemical treatment ( T hermanin) or the application of heat to the paper ( H ot P rint S ystem). Results with a trial of five donors show that the application of heat produces statistically significantly more fingerprint ridge detail than the chemical treatment for both fingerprint deposits aged up to 4 weeks and for a nine sequence depletion series. Subjecting the thermal paper to heat treatment with the H ot P rint S ystem did not inhibit subsequent ninhydrin chemical development of fingerprint deposits on the noninked side of the paper. A further benefit of the application of heat is the rapid development of fingerprint deposits (less than a minute) compared with up to 12 h for the T hermanin chemical treatment.
Accurate Modelling of Hollow Core Photonic Bandgap Fibre (2014)

A modelling tool to accurately reproduce the performance of fabricated hollow-core photonic bandgap fibers from their SEM images is presented. This enables new understanding of the effect of cross-sectional distortions.
Hexahedral Mesh Matching: Converting non‐conforming hexahedral‐to‐hexahedral interfaces into conforming interfaces (2009)

Abstract This paper presents a new method, called Mesh Matching, for handling non‐conforming hexahedral‐to‐hexahedral interfaces for finite element analysis. Mesh Matching modifies the hexahedral element topology on one or both sides of the interface until there is a one‐to‐one pairing of finite element nodes, edges and quadrilaterals on the interface surfaces, allowing mesh entities to be merged into a single conforming mesh. Element topology is modified using hexahedral dual operations, including pillowing, sheet extraction, dicing and column collapsing. The primary motivation for this research is to simplify the generation of unstructured all‐hexahedral finite element meshes. Mesh Matching relaxes global constraint propagation which currently hinders hexahedral meshing of large assemblies, and limits its extension to parallel processing. As a secondary benefit, by providing conforming mesh interfaces, Mesh Matching provides an alternative to artificial constraints such as tied contacts and multi‐point constraints. The quality of the resultant conforming hexahedral mesh is high and the increase in number of elements is moderate. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of transient laser optogalvanic signals in a capacitively coupled neon RF discharge (1993)

Temporal profiles of pulsed-laser induced transient optogalvanic signals in several 1s{sub j} {yields} 2p{sub k} (Paschen notation) excitations in a 0.5 W, {approximately} 30 MHz rf discharge in {approximately} 5 torr neon have been analyzed. A recently developed method permits separation of two distinct components in the optogalvanic signals, one generated by laser-induced changes in the equilibrium ionization rates, and the other generated by a photoacoustic effect. Curve-fitting software is used to deconvolute the two components into their various subcomponents. Significance of these components will be discussed. This analysis may enable the authors to predict temporal profile for other transitions in the same 1s{sub j} {yields} 2p{sub k} group.
Delivery and Distribution of Aerosolized Cyclosporine in Lung Allograft Recipients (1995)

The aim of the present study was to identify factors determining the delivery to and distribution of aerosolized cyclosporine A (CSA) in the lungs of patients with severe pulmonary allograft rejection. Five such patients inhaled a previously characterized radioaerosol consisting of 4 to 6 cc of CSA (50 mg/ml) in ethanol mixed with technetium-99m (99mTc) bound to human serum albumin, generated by an AeroTech II nebulizer. The total dose of CSA depositing in the lungs was determined with a previously described inspiratory/expiratory mass-balance filter technique. Regional distribution of drug within the lungs was measured using a gamma camera. In addition, the following physiologic parameters were measured: regional volume and ventilation using xenon-133 (133Xe) equilibrium and 133Xe washout, respectively, and regional perfusion using intravenous 99mTc macroaggregates. The relationships between these parameters and regional drug deposition were assessed using linear regression analysis. The lung dose ranged from 20 to 53 mg (0.097 to 0.175 mg CSA deposited per milligram placed in nebulizer). In recipients of single-lung allografts, preferential drug deposition occurred either in the allograft (two patients) or in the native lung (one patient). Marked nonuniformities in regional distribution were also apparent in two double-lung allograft recipients. There was a weak but statistically significant correlation between regional drug deposition and regional ventilation, as measured by 133Xe washout (r = -0.542, p = 0.014), suggesting that although regional ventilation is important, it is not the only factor determining regional deposition in these patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Polarization gratings for non-mechanical beam steering applications (2012)

Over the last few years, Boulder Nonlinear Systems (BNS) and North Carolina State University (NCSU) have developed a new beam steering technique that uses a stack of thin liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPGs) to efficiently and non-mechanically steer a beam over a large field-of-regard (FOR) in discrete steps. This technology has been successfully transferred to BNS through an exclusive license agreement, and a facility has been completed to enable commercial production of these devices. This paper describes the capabilities enabled by both the LCPGs and the successful transfer of this technology.
SELECTIVE INHIBITION OF HUMAN MEGAKARYOCYTOPOIESIS IN VITRO BY HIGHLY PURIFIED PLATELET FACTOR 4 (1987)

Platelet (plt) factor 4 (PF4) is an alpha granule protein which can modulate T lymphocyte function. T cells may help regulate megakaryocytopoiesis. Therefore, we hypothesized that T cell-PF4 interactions might play a role in autoregulating marrow megakaryocyte (MEG) production. To test this idea, we studied MEG colony formation in plasma clot cultures containing human serum derived solely from pit poor normal AB plasma, enriched hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC), autologous T cells, and exogenous PF4. Highly purified PF4 (single band on SDS gel) was prepared from outdated human pits by a combination of heparin-agarose, Sephacryl G-200, and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. HPC were prepared by depleting normal light density marrow mononuclear cells of adherent monocytes, and T cells. T cells were further fractionated into helper (Leu 3+) and suppressor (Leu 2+) subtypes by solid phase immunoabsorption ("panning"). MEG colonies were enumerated by indirect immunofluorescence with an anti-human platelet glycoprotein antiserum. HPC(5×105/ml) were co-cultured with Leu 3+, or Leu 2+ T cells at target;T cell ratios of 2:1 (n=3; n=4 respectively) and l:l(n=4; n=4 respectively) in the presence of 2.5 μg/ml PF4. Under these growth conditions, MEG colony formation was unchanged (p>0.5) when compared to colonies formed by HPC in the absence of PF4. When the above experiments were repeated (n=2-3/condition) at a higher PF4 concentration [25 μg/ml], MEG colony formation was markedly (>60%) inhibited. To determine if PF4 directly inhibited MEG or erythroid progenitor cell growth (CFU-Meg; CFU-E) in vitro, HPC were cloned in PF4 (25μg/ml) without added T cells. Mean ± SEM of MEG and CFU-E derived colonies formed without vs. with PF4 was as follows: These results suggest that: 1) PF4 may be a non-T cell dependent, lineage specific inhibitor of CFU-MEG, and 2) PF4 may play a role in autoregulating human megakaryocytopoiesis.
Three-dimensional optical tomography of objects in turbid media using the round-trip matrix (2005)

A new algorithm based on multi-static data and vector subspace classification to eigenvectors of a round-trip matrix is introduced for optical imaging and localization of objects embedded in a turbid medium. The transport of light from multiple sources through excitation of the embedded objects to the array of detectors is represented by a response matrix that can be constructed from experimental data. The 'round-trip (RT) matrix’ is constructed by multiplying the response matrix by its transpose for continuous-wave (adjoint matrix for frequency domain) illumination. Mathematically, the RT matrix is equivalent to transfer of light from the sources via the embedded objects to the array of detectors and back, and is similar to the time-reversal matrix used in the general area of array processing for acoustic and radar time-reversal imaging. The eigenvectors with leading non-zero eigenvalues of the RT matrix correspond to embedded objects, which are orthogonal to the vectors in the noise subspace. The vector subspace method along with Green’s functions calculated from an appropriate model for light propagation through turbid media is then used to determine the locations of the embedded objects. We tested this algorithm in simulation for light transmitting through a 50 l <sub>tr</sub> thick (l <sub>tr</sub> ~ 1 mm is transport mean free path) parallel slab turbid medium with up to six embedded absorptive objects. The method was able to globally locate all six objects with surprising accuracy. This “round-trip tomographic imaging” approach is fast, applicable to different geometries and to different forward models.
Nanoparticle Assemblies: Nanoparticle Clusters: Assembly and Control Over Internal Order, Current Capabilities, and Future Potential (Adv. Mater. 27/2016) (2016)

Clusters or assemblies of nanoparticles exhibit unique features which arise from the enhancement of properties of single nanoparticles or due to new collective properties. On page 5400, D. F. Brougham and co-workers review the role of nanoparticle interactions in controlling cluster formation, and classify the assembly mechanisms. Emerging applications for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), optical labeling, light harvesting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), hyperthermia, photocatalysis, enrichment, and separation are presented. Cover image by Christoph Hohmann, Nanosystems Initiative Munich (NIM).
Wave tracing: Ray tracing for the propagation of band-limited signals: Part 1 — Theory (2008)

Abstract Many seismic imaging techniques require computing traveltimes and travel paths. Methods to compute raypaths are usually based on high-frequency approximations. In situations such as head waves, these raypaths minimize traveltime but are not paths along which most of the energy travels. We have developed a new approach to computing raypaths, using a modification of ray bending that we call wave tracing; it computes raypaths and traveltimes that are more consistent with the paths and times for the band-limited signals in real data than the paths and times obtained using high-frequency approximations. Wave tracing shortens the raypath while keeping the raypath within the Fresnel zone for a characteristic frequency of the signal.
Database searching and accounting of multiplexed precursor and product ion spectra from the data independent analysis of simple and complex peptide mixtures (2009)

A novel database search algorithm is presented for the qualitative identification of proteins over a wide dynamic range, both in simple and complex biological samples. The algorithm has been designed for the analysis of data originating from data independent acquisitions, whereby multiple precursor ions are fragmented simultaneously. Measurements used by the algorithm include retention time, ion intensities, charge state, and accurate masses on both precursor and product ions from LC-MS data. The search algorithm uses an iterative process whereby each iteration incrementally increases the selectivity, specificity, and sensitivity of the overall strategy. Increased specificity is obtained by utilizing a subset database search approach, whereby for each subsequent stage of the search, only those peptides from securely identified proteins are queried. Tentative peptide and protein identifications are ranked and scored by their relative correlation to a number of models of known and empirically derived physicochemical attributes of proteins and peptides. In addition, the algorithm utilizes decoy database techniques for automatically determining the false positive identification rates. The search algorithm has been tested by comparing the search results from a four-protein mixture, the same four-protein mixture spiked into a complex biological background, and a variety of other "system" type protein digest mixtures. The method was validated independently by data dependent methods, while concurrently relying on replication and selectivity. Comparisons were also performed with other commercially and publicly available peptide fragmentation search algorithms. The presented results demonstrate the ability to correctly identify peptides and proteins from data independent acquisition strategies with high sensitivity and specificity. They also illustrate a more comprehensive analysis of the samples studied; providing approximately 20% more protein identifications, compared to a more conventional data directed approach using the same identification criteria, with a concurrent increase in both sequence coverage and the number of modified peptides.
Discovery and Characterization of CD12681, a Potent RORγ Inverse Agonist, Preclinical Candidate for the Topical Treatment of Psoriasis (2018)

With possible implications in multiple autoimmune diseases, the retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor RORγ has become a sought-after target in the pharmaceutical industry. Herein are described the efforts to identify a potent RORγ inverse agonist compatible with topical application for the treatment of skin diseases. These efforts culminated in the discovery of N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-isobutyl-2-oxo-1-[(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-5-sulfonamide (CD12681), a potent inverse agonist with in vivo activity in an IL-23-induced mouse skin inflammation model.
Single Piezo-Actuator Rotary-Hammering Drill (2011)

This innovation comprises a compact drill that uses low-axial preload, via vibrations, that fractures the rock under the bit kerf, and rotates the bit to remove the powdered cuttings while augmenting the rock fracture via shear forces. The vibrations fluidize the powered cuttings inside the flutes around the bit, reducing the friction with the auger surface. These combined actions reduce the consumed power and the heating of the drilled medium, helping to preserve the pristine content of the produced samples. The drill consists of an actuator that simultaneously impacts and rotates the bit by applying force and torque via a single piezoelectric stack actuator without the need for a gearbox or lever mechanism. This reduces the development/fabrication cost and complexity. The piezoelectric actuator impacts the surface and generates shear forces, fragmenting the drilled medium directly under the bit kerf by exceeding the tensile and/or shear strength of the struck surface. The percussive impact action of the actuator leads to penetration of the medium by producing a zone of finely crushed rock directly underneath the struck location. This fracturing process is highly enhanced by the shear forces from the rotation and twisting action. To remove the formed cuttings, the bit is constructed with an auger on its internal or external surface. One of the problems with pure hammering is that, as the teeth become embedded in the sample, the drilling efficiency drops unless the teeth are moved away from the specific footprint location. By rotating the teeth, they are moved to areas that were not fragmented, and thus the rock fracturing is enhanced via shear forces. The shear motion creates ripping or chiseling action to produce larger fragments to increase the drilling efficiency, and to reduce the required power. The actuator of the drill consists of a piezoelectric stack that vibrates the horn. The stack is compressed by a bolt between the backing and the horn in order to prevent it from being subjected to tensile stress that will cause it to fail. The backing is intended to transfer the generated mechanical vibrations towards the horn. In order to cause rotation, the horn is configured asymmetrically with helical segments and, upon impacting the bit, it introduces longitudinal along the axis of the actuator and tangential force causing twisting action that rotates the bit. The longitudinal component of the vibrations of the stack introduces percussion impulses between the bit and the rock to fracture it when the ultimate strain is exceeded under the bit.
FORMATION OF A TERNARY COMPLEX WITH SERUM ALBUMIN: AN EXPLANATION FOR THE EFFECT OF α‐MERCAPTO‐β‐(2‐FURAN) ACRYLIC ACID ON RAT PLASMA ZINC CLEARANCE (1977)

SUMMARY 1. Four, six and eight hours after gavage of rats with α‐mercapto‐β‐(2‐furan) acrylic acid (MFA) (25 mg/kg) serum zinc concentration was increased ten‐fold over control levels and a mean molar ratio of 1 albumin:0.4 zinc:0.8 MFA was found for seventeen sera. 2. At pH 7.5 a maximum of 1 mole of MFA could be bound per mole of metal‐free bovine serum albumin. 3. In the presence of zinc ion, albumin‐zinc‐MFA complexes formed, since for each mole of albumin‐zinc complex an additional mole of MFA could be bound to albumin. Complexes up to a molar stoichiometry of 1 albumin:2 zinc:3 MFA were prepared. 4. MFA stabilized the albumin‐zinc complex against dissociation. 5. Formation of similar complexes in vivo may account for the markedly delayed clearance of plasma zinc seen in rats administered β‐aryl derivatives of α‐mercaptoacrylic acid.