gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
US 10,700,295:Metal Complexes (2020)

The present invention provides complexes of the formula (L)M(X), in which M is a metal atom selected from copper, silver and gold.; L is a carbene ligand; and X is a monoanionic ligand. The complexes are useful as light emitters in the emissive zone of light-emitting devices such as OLEDs. The present invention also provides organometallic complexes which exhibit RASI photoemission, and the use of the same in light emitting devices such as OLEDs.
Carrier density and compensation in semiconductors with multi dopants and multi transition energy levels: The case of Cu impurity in CdTe (2011)

Doping is one of the most important issues in semiconductor physics. The charge carrier generated by doping can profoundly change the properties of semiconductors and their performance in optoelectronic device applications, such as solar cells. Using detailed balance theory and first-principles calculated defect formation energies and transition energy levels, we derive general formulae to calculate carrier density for semiconductors with multi dopants and multi transition energy levels. As an example, we studied CdTe doped with Cu, in which V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cd</sub> , Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cd</sub> , and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</sub> are the dominant defects/impurities. We show that in this system, when Cu concentration increases, the doping properties of the system can change from a poor p-type, to a poorer p-type, to a better p-type, and then to a poor p-type again, in good agreement with experimental observation of CdTe-based solar cells.
A watt-level fiber-based femtosecond source at 980 nm (2009)

In this paper, we present a novel fiber laser system operating at 980 nm that overcomes the limitations related to three-level operation of Yb-doped fiber amplifiers to produce femtosecond pulses. The system is composed of a mode-locked fiber laser producing 4.7 ps at 20 MHz. The pulses then are successively amplified in a polarization-maintained core-pumped fiber amplifier followed by a cladding pumped power amplifier based on a counter-pumped air-clad fiber amplifier. The fiber amplifier was pumped by a high-brightness fiber pigtailed laser diode operating at 915 nm. Self-phase modulation-induced spectral broadening has been achieved after transmission of amplified pulses through an optimized length of passive air-clad fiber spliced to the Yb-doped air-clad fiber. The air-clad enables pump delivery to the active fiber so that the pump power was free-space launched into the passive fiber end. The passive fiber was designed to match the dimensions of the Yb-doped fiber to minimize signal and pump loss.
Oral Ibrexafungerp: an investigational agent for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis (2020)

Ibrexafungerp addresses several unmet needs with existing antifungal drugs as a first in a new class of antifungal agents with a novel mechanism of action demonstrating no antifungal cross resistance with azoles, and fungicidal activity against <i>Candida</i> spp., including fluconazole-resistant species. Some of the key attributes of ibrexafungerp related to VVC include oral one-day dosing, high tissue penetration, enhanced activity at low pH seen in the vagina, low risk for clinically significant drug-drug interactions, and a low risk of adverse events. If approved, ibrexafungerp will be the first new antifungal agent available for the treatment of VVC in more than 20 years and the only oral, non-azole antifungal approved for women suffering from VVC.
<title>Development of a versatile stereo scanning laser ophthalmoscope</title> (1999)

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) is a modern tool which is now widely used to image the fundus of the eye, particularly for assessment of the optic nerve head. We describe a modified SLO capable of producing stereo pairs of the optic disk in real time. A pair of toggling mirrors is used to switch between entry positions of the scanned laser beam into the pupil of the eye thereby creating a stereo base for capturing the two different views required for the pair. Our laboratory prototype is constructed from reflective optics only in the bi-directional part of the beam path, including the focusing and beam shaping unit. Thus, we avoid unwanted back reflections and chromatic aberrations. Light from different laser sources (458 to 1100 nm) can be launched into the SLO, also simultaneously. Collimated beams in beam splitting locations allow for easy modifications. Imaging in fluorescence mode or polarization dependent imaging is also possible. High quality multi-wavelengths stereo pairs of both model and real optic disks were obtained. a lateral resolution of up to 6 micrometer and an axial resolution of up to 65 micrometer was established.
Resolution of a 2/spl pi/ ambiguity problem in multiple frequency spectral estimation (1995)

An algorithm is proposed to resolve a fundamental 2/spl pi/ ambiguity problem occurring in multiple frequency spectral estimation. Given M frequencies f/sub m/, and I separate frequency estimators with unambiguous bandwidths F/sub i/, the ambiguity problem can be stated as solving for the fm, given the estimator outputs, /spl alphasub mi/, (1/spl les/m/spl les/M;1/spl les/i/spl les/I) where f/sub m/=/spl alphasub mi/+K/sub mi/F/sub i/ and K/sub mi/ is some integer. The proposed algorithm exhaustively resolves all possible /spl alphasub mi/ groupings into single frequency values using a noise insensitive technique that exchanges system bandwidth for noise protection. The correct multiple frequencies are then defined as the single frequencies that repeat a specified number of times. A complete analysis is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Characterization of a 120-Kilodalton pre-S-binding protein as a candidate duck hepatitis B virus receptor (1996)

Infection by human and animal hepadnaviruses displays remarkable host and tissue tropism. The infection cycle probably initiates with binding of the pre-S domain of viral envelope protein to surface receptors present on the hepatocyte. Three types of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against duck hepatitis B virus (DHBV) have their binding sites clustered within residues 83 to 107 of the pre-S protein, suggesting that this region may constitute a major receptor binding site. A 170- or 180-kDa duck protein (p170 or gp180) which binds DHBV particles through this part of the pre-S sequence has been identified recently. Although the p170 binding protein is host (duck) specific, its distribution is not restricted to DHBV-infectible tissues. Using the pre-S protein fused to glutathione S-transferase and immobilized on Sepharose beads, we have now identified an additional binding protein with a size of 120 kDa (p120). p120 expression is restricted to the liver, kidney, and pancreas, the three major organs of DHBV replication. While optimal p170 binding requires an intact pre-S protein, binding to p120 occurs much more efficiently with a few N- or C-terminally truncated forms. The p120 binding site was mapped to residues 98 to 102 of the pre-S region, which overlaps with a cluster of known virus-neutralizing epitopes. Site-directed mutagenesis revealed residues 100 to 102 (Phe-Arg-Arg) as the critical p120 contact site; nonconservative substitution in any of the three positions abolished p120 binding. Double mutations at positions 100 to 102 markedly reduced DHBV infectivity in cell culture. Short pre-S peptides covering the clustered neutralizing epitopes (also p170 and p120 binding sites) reduced DHBV infectivity in primary duck hepatocyte cultures. Thus, p120 represents a candidate component of the DHBV receptor complex.
An optical phased array for incoherent light imaging applications (2021)

Recent advances in silicon photonics have enabled large-scale optical phased arrays for applications such as beam steering and directional light detection. However, to date, these results have only been applied to coherent light. Many applications, including passive imaging with natural illumination, require operation using incoherent and/or broadband light. Here we implement an optical phased array designed for these applications using a planar, fractal, pathlength-matching architecture known as an “H-tree”. We demonstrate electronic beamsteering and natural light imaging using this flat, broadband, photonic-integrated device.
Demonstration of a tilted-pulse-front pumped plane-parallel slab terahertz source (2019)

A new type of tilted-pulse-front pumped terahertz (THz) source has been demonstrated, which is based on a LiNbO<sub>3</sub>plane-parallel slab with an echelon structure on its input surface. Single-cycle pulses of 1 μJ energy and 0.30 THz central frequency have been generated with 5×10<sup>-4</sup> efficiency from such a source. One order-of-magnitude increase in efficiency is expected by pumping a cryogenically cooled echelon of increased size and thickness with a Ti:sapphire laser. The use of a plane-parallel nonlinear optical crystal slab enables straightforward scaling to high THz pulse energies and the production of a symmetric THz beam with a uniform pulse shape for good focusability and high field strength.
Fourier analysis for rotating-element ellipsometers (2011)

We introduce a Fourier analysis of the waveform of periodic light-irradiance variation to capture Fourier coefficients for multichannel rotating-element ellipsometers. In this analysis, the Fourier coefficients for a sample are obtained using a discrete Fourier transform on the exposures. The analysis gives a generic function that encompasses the discrete Fourier transform or the Hadamard transform, depending on the specific conditions. Unlike the Hadamard transform, a well-known data acquisition method that is used only for conventional multichannel rotating-element ellipsometers with line arrays with specific readout-mode timing, this Fourier analysis is applicable to various line arrays with either nonoverlap or overlap readout-mode timing. To assess the effects of the novel Fourier analysis, the Fourier coefficients for a sample were measured with a custom-built rotating-polarizer ellipsometer, using this Fourier analysis with various numbers of scans, integration times, and rotational speeds of the polarizer.
Disruption of <i>mptpB</i> impairs the ability of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> to survive in guinea pigs (2003)

Protein tyrosine kinases and tyrosine phosphatases from several bacterial pathogens have been shown to act as virulence factors by modulating the phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of host proteins. The identification and characterization of two tyrosine phosphatases namely MptpA and MptpB from Mycobacterium tuberculosis has been reported earlier. MptpB is secreted by M. tuberculosis into extracellular mileu and exhibits a pH optimum of 5.6, similar to the pH of the lysosomal compartment of the cell. To determine the role of MptpB in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis, we constructed a mptpB mutant strain by homologous recombination and compared the ability of parent and the mutant strain to survive intracellularly. We show that disruption of the mptpB gene impairs the ability of the mutant strain to survive in activated macrophages and guinea pigs but not in resting macrophages suggesting the importance of its role in the host-pathogen interaction. Infection of guinea pigs with the mutant strain resulted in a 70-fold reduction in the bacillary load of spleens in infected animals as compared with the bacillary load in animals infected with the parental strain. Upon reintroduction of the mptpB gene into the mutant strain, the complemented strain was able to establish infection and survive in guinea pigs at rates comparable to the parental strain. These observations demonstrate a role of MptpB in the pathogenesis of M. tuberculosis.
Direct fluorination of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (1995)

1,3-Dicarbonyls, such as 1,3-diketones and 1,3-ketoesters, react directly with elemental fluorine at room temperature to give the corresponding 2-fluoro- and, in some cases, 2,2-difluoro-compounds in high yield.
Novel approach to improve heat dissipation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with a Cu filled via under device active area (2014)

A through Si-substrate via-hole under the active area of GaN-based HEMTs grown on Si substrates is proposed to reduce the maximum junction temperature. Due to the large lattice mismatch between Si and GaN, an AlN nucleation layer and an AlGaN transition layer are required to grow GaN layers on Si substrates. This AlN nucleation layer is very defective and thermally resistive. The proposed through Si-substrate via-hole offers access to this AlN nucleation layer from the back side of the wafer. By removing this highly thermally resistive layer and plating the via hole with copper, the maximum junction temperature can be reduced from 146 to 120 °C at a power density of 5 W/mm. Besides reducing the maximum junction temperature of the HEMT, this through Si-substrate via-hole can be electrically connected to the source contact and act as a backside source field plate to reduce the maximum electric field around the gate edges and thereby increase the drain breakdown voltage. If this through Si-substrate via-hole is connected to the front gate pad, it can also behave as a back gate to improve front gate modulation.
Zn-Sb alloys for thermoelectric power generation (2002)

/spl beta/-Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ was identified as a new high performance p-type thermoelectric material (Caillat et al., 1996). A maximum dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT of about 1.3 was obtained on p-type /spl beta/-Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ samples at a temperature of about 400/spl deg/C. This is the highest figure of merit ever obtained at this temperature for a p-type thermoelectric material. The possibility of improving ZT values by forming Zn/sub 4-x/Cd/sub x/Sb/sub 3/ solid solutions was studied. Preliminary results obtained on alloys between Zn/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ and Cd/sub 4/Sb/sub 3/ are presented and show that the lattice thermal conductivity can be reduced. As a result, a maximum ZT value of 1.4 at a temperature of about 250/spl deg/C was obtained for a sample with a composition Zn/sub 3.2/Cd/sub 0.8/Sb/sub 3/. Initial bonding and stability studies are presented and show that the integration of these materials into devices is possible. The efficiency of a thermoelectric generator using these new materials was calculated and the results show that significant improvements are possible compared to state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials. Some potential applications for these new thermoelectric materials are described.
Distributed restoration strategies in telecommunications networks (2002)

Failures in future high-bandwidth transport networks could result in very high traffic and revenue losses. A failure restoration strategy is therefore required which is fast, minimal-cost and low-risk. In this paper we advocate the systematic application of distributed restoration methods to meet this future need. We have developed a software simulation tool to investigate distributed restoration algorithms and present results that suggest distributed span restoration in SDH networks is feasible in about one second. We have also extended a heuristic algorithm to optimise the true cost of protection capacity in meshed networks, and adapted it to produce networks resilient to node failure, assuming prioritised restoration problems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 10 Gb/s Linear Burst-Mode Receiver in 0.25 $\mu$m SiGe:C BiCMOS (2012)

This paper presents a 10 Gb/s burst-mode receiver (BMRx) that was designed to have high linearity over a >; 20 dB (optical power) dynamic range. Such a linear BMRx (LBMRx) enables electronic dispersion compensation or multilevel modulation formats in bursty optical links. The LBMRx consists of a variable-gain transimpedance amplifier and a variable-gain post-amplifier. A gain from 47 dBΩ to 85 dBΩ was achieved on a single die. Fast (<; 50ns) gain adjustment is achieved using replica based, feedforward automatic gain control and peak detectors, which are reset between bursts using an external reset signal. A sensitivity of - 23.2 dBm at a bit-error rate of 1.1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> was measured using a PIN photodiode. A 0.5 dB penalty is incurred if a 0 dBm burst precedes the burst under consideration; hence the LBMRx can support a dynamic range of 22.7 dB. A 150 ns preamble was used, the guard time between bursts was 25.6 ns. Total harmonic distortion (at 250 MHz) less than 5% was measured for an optical power ranging from - 25 dBm to 0 dBm. The chip was designed in a 0.25 μm SiGe:C BiCMOS technology, has an area of 2.4 × 2.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and consumes 650 mW from 2.5 V/3.3 V supplies.
A chromogenic assay for activated protein C resistance (1995)

Resistance to activated protein C (APC) diagnosed on the basis of prolongation of clotting time in an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay is now considered a major cause of inherited thrombophilia. The majority of patients with APC resistance carry a factor V molecule with a point mutation at one APC cleavage site (Arg506Gln) which prevents the optimal inactivation of activated factor V by APC. To overcome the limitations of aPTT-based assays in the diagnosis of APC resistance, we have developed a chromogenic assay which is based on the capacity of APC to limit the generation of factor Xa by inactivating factor VIIIa in plasma. The ratio of the factor Xa amidolytic activity in a sample without APC to its factor Xa activity with the addition of APC reflects the response of the plasma coagulation system to APC. The normal range in 44 healthy individuals was 1.62-2.06. APC response ratios as measured by the chromogenic assay correlated with ratios measured by the aPTT assay and were below the normal range in 23/24 individuals with Arg506Gln mutant factor V from three different families with familial thrombosis and from 11 unrelated asymptomatic individuals. In reconstitution experiments, purified factor V corrected the decreased APC response in plasma samples from patients with the Arg506Gln mutation as well as with factor V deficiency, and increased the APC response in normal plasma, whereas the addition of activated factor V had no enhancing effect.
A “Persistent-Mode” Magnet Comprised of YBCO Annuli (2005)

A new type of "persistent-mode" magnet, assembled from YBCO annuli, appears promising for "microcoil" NMR, in which compactness and simple manufacturability are vital. To develop an annular magnet for micro NMR, a YBCO-annulus Helmholtz coil was studied. The paper describes the new magnet concept and results of our study on the Helmholtz coil.
Exploring <i>N</i>-Arylsulfonyl-<scp>l</scp>-proline Scaffold as a Platform for Potent and Selective αvβ1 Integrin Inhibitors (2016)

One small molecule inhibitor of αvβ1 integrin, <b>c8</b>, shows antifibrotic effects in multiple in vivo mouse models. Here we synthesized <b>c8</b> analogues and systematically investigate their structure-activity relationships (SAR) in αvβ1 integrin inhibition. <i>N</i>-Phenylsulfonyl-l-homoproline analogues of <b>c8</b> maintained excellent potency against αvβ1 integrin while retaining good selectivity over other RGD integrins. In addition, 2-aminopyridine or cyclic guanidine analogues were shown to be equally potent to <b>c8</b>. A rigid phenyl linker increased the potency compared to <b>c8</b>, but the selectivity over other RGD integrins diminished. These results can provide further insights on design of αvβ1 integrin inhibitors as antifibrotics.
Air Force Boom Event Analyzer Recorder (BEAR): System Description (1989)

Abstract : Developed, tested, built and used in field studies were several Boom Event Analyzer REcorders (BEARs). These BEAR's operate unattended to capture the wave form of Impulsive Acoustic Events (e.q. Sonic Booms) and their time of occurrance while excluding all other acoustic events. These BEARs are designed to operate unattended for up to 10 days and can store over 50 normal (less than 250 miliseconds in duration) sonic booms. These BEAR systems have been used successfully to capture the sonic boom signature from all US supersonic aircraft. This report is a complete system description of the BEAR covering data collection, theory of operation, data storage and retrieval, operation and complete hardware and software description. The comparison test done in cooperation with NASA and field studies using these BEARs are detailed in companion reports. (JHD)
Highly branched phosphorescent dendrimers (2005)

A simple convergent procedure, involving the Diels-Alder reaction between 2,3,4,5-tetraphenylcyclopentadienone with an acetylene-substituted 2-phenylpyridine and subsequent complexation with iridium(III), has been developed for the formation of highly branched phosphorescent dendrimers. The procedure is demonstrated with the preparation of a first generation dendrimer composed of a <i>fac</i>-tris(2-phenylpyridyl)iridium(III) core with a single dendron attached to phenyl ring of each of the ligands. Each dendron is comprised of a branching phenyl unit with a further four phenyl groups attached. The lack of surface groups on the dendrons was found to reduce solubility of the dendrimers and allow strong intermolecular interactions of the emissive and electroactive cores in neat films. This was evidenced by a decrease in the photoluminescence quantum yield in going from solution to the solid state.
Face Verification via ECOC (2001)

We develop a novel approach to face verification based on the Error Correcting Output Coding (ECOC) classifier design concept. In the training phase the client set is repeatedly divided into two ECOC specified sub-sets (superclasses) to train a set of binary classifiers. The output of the classifiers defines the ECOC feature space, in which it is easier to separate transformed patterns representing clients and impostors. The proposed method exhibits superior verification performance on the well known XM2VTS data set as compared with previously reported results.
Cyclodextrin dimers: A versatile approach to optimizing encapsulation and their application to therapeutic extraction of toxic oxysterols (2021)

We have developed a novel class of specifically engineered, dimerized cyclodextrin (CD) nanostructures for the encapsulation of toxic biomolecules such as 7-ketocholesterol (7KC). 7KC accumulates over time and causes dysfunction in many cell types, linking it to several age-related diseases including atherosclerosis and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Presently, treatments for these diseases are invasive, expensive, and show limited benefits. CDs are cyclic glucose oligomers utilized to capture small, hydrophobic molecules. Here, a combination of in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo methods is used to implement a synergistic rational drug design strategy for developing CDs to remove atherogenic 7KC from cells and tissues. Mechanisms by which CDs encapsulate sterols are discussed, and we conclude that covalently linked head-to-head dimers of βCDs have substantially improved affinity for 7KC compared to monomers. We find that inclusion complexes can be stabilized or destabilized in ways that allow the design of CD dimers with increased 7KC selectivity while maintaining an excellent safety profile. These CD dimers are being developed as therapeutics to treat atherosclerosis and other debilitating diseases of aging.