gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of High Quality Built-in Test Using Neighborhood Pattern Generator to Industrial Designs (2004)

This letter presents a practical approach for high-quality built-in test using a test pattern generator called neighborhood pattern generator (NPG) [26]. NPG is practical mainly because its structure is independent of circuit under test and it can realize high fault coverage not only for stuck-at faults but also for transition faults. Some techniques are also proposed for further improvement in practical applicability of NPG. Experimental results for large industrial circuits illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach.
The integration of reconfigurable filters for the matching of wideband antennas (2013)

This paper presents a technique to reduce the cost and overcome the high processing power needed to analyze the signals received by wideband antennas. The idea is based on matching a wideband antenna to a reconfigurable filter. This will allow an easier processing for the received signal and the replacement of the bank of filters needed after the antenna by one reconfigurable filter element. Two prototypes are shown to prove the validity of the proposed technique.
Rippled-beam free-electron laser (2002)

We describe a new microwave generation mechanism involving a scalloping annular electron beam. The beam interacts with the axial electric field of a TM/sub 02/ mode in a smooth circular waveguide through the axial free-electron laser interaction, in which the beam ripple period is synchronous with the phase slippage of the RF mode relative to the electron beam. Due to nonlinearities in the orbit equation, the interaction can be made autoresonant, where the phase and amplitude of the gain is independent of the beam energy.
Optical detection of epigenetic marks: sensitive quantification and direct imaging of individual hydroxymethylcytosine bases (2013)

Herein we report the specific labelling of the epigenetic modification 5-hydroxymethyl-cytosine along genomic DNA molecules with a fluorescent reporter molecule. Enzymatic glucosylation followed by a click chemistry reaction enables single molecule detection as well as global quantification of 5hmC in genomic DNA.
Amelioration of proteolipid protein 139–151-induced encephalomyelitis in SJL mice by modified amino acid copolymers and their mechanisms (2004)

Copolymer 1 [Cop1, glatiramer acetate, Copaxone, poly(Y,E,A,K)n] is widely used in the treatment of relapsing/remitting multiple sclerosis in which it reduces the frequency of relapses by approximately 30%. In the present study, copolymers with modified amino acid compositions (based on the binding motif of myelin basic protein 85-99 to HLA-DR2) have been developed with the aim of suppressing multiple sclerosis more effectively. The enhanced efficacy of these copolymers in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced in SJL/J mice with proteolipid protein 139-151 was demonstrated by using three protocols: (i) simultaneous administration of autoantigen and copolymer (termed prevention), (ii) pretreatment with copolymers (vaccination), or (iii) administration of copolymers after disease onset (treatment). Strikingly, in the treatment protocol administration of soluble VWAK and FYAK after onset of disease led to stasis of its progression and suppression of histopathological evidence of EAE. The mechanisms by which these effects are achieved have been examined in several types of assays: binding of copolymers to I-A(s) in competition with proteolipid protein 139-151 (blocking), cytokine production by T cells (T helper 2 polarization), and transfer of protection by CD3(+) splenocytes or, notably, by copolymer-specific T cell lines (induction of regulatory T cells). The generation of these copolymer-specific regulatory T cells that secrete IL-4 and IL-10 and are independent of the immunizing autoantigen is very prominent among the multiple mechanisms that account for the observed suppressive effect of copolymers in EAE.
Three-Dimensional Synthetic Aperture Imaging and Resolution of Multi-Phase Flows (2011)

Three-dimensional multiphase fluid flows demand advanced and innovative measurement systems in order to fully resolve the flow physics. Dense bubbly multiphase flows cannot be readily imaged by traditional, non-invasive flow measurement techniques due to the bubbles occluding optical access to the interior regions of the volume of interest. We present a novel technique for imaging these flows, which allows for determination of the 3D bubble distribution and bubble sizes despite the imaging challenges. By using synthetic aperture (SA) refocusing we are able to reparameterize images captured by an array of cameras to reconstruct a 3D volumetric map of the bubble field for every time instance. The SA refocusing technique has the unique ability, over conventional imaging methods, to see-through partial occlusions in the scene due to the configuration of the camera array and reconstruction algorithms, making it an ideal tool for resolving multiphase flows. Relatively dense bubbly flows can be resolved with good accuracy. We present fundamentals of the synthetic aperture methodology, a feature detection algorithm for extracting bubble size and location, and results from application of the technique to a bubble-entraining plunging jet.
Active Conformation and Mimetic Analog Development for the Pyrokinin—PBAN—Diapause—Pupariation and Myosuppressin Insect Neuropeptide Families (1997)

Members of the insect pyrokinin/PBAN and myosuppressin neuropeptide families regulate and/or influence such physiological processes as pheromone production, oviduct contraction, digestive enzyme release and the developmental processes of egg diapause and larval pupariation in a variety of insects (1, 2, 3). However, these peptides hold little promise as pest control agents due to their susceptibility to enzymatic degradation in the target insect, and to an inability to readily penetrate the insect cuticle or gut wall. In this chapter, we discuss active conformations adopted by the peptides at the receptor site and the development of active pseudopeptide and nonpeptide mimetic analogs with enhanced resistance to peptidase attack and/or topical activity in an intact insect. Disruption of peptide-regulated processes or behavior by mimetic agonist and/or antagonist analogs could form the basis for future pest insect management strategies. The Pyrokinin/PBAN/Diapause/Pupariation Family The pyrokinin family of insect neuropeptides is widespread in several insect orders
Experimental procedure for checking the saturation degree of piezocone tips (2022)

A correct measurement of the water pore pressure is essential to obtain reliable CPT results. Although this has always been a major concern, it still remains a possible relevant source of error in common engineering practice. In addition to usual reasons, such as malfunctioning of the equipment, its poor calibration and/or maintenance, a lack of complete saturation of the piezocone tip can play a major role. In fact, a correct and timely pore pressure measurement relies entirely on the full saturation of the pore pressure system. The variety of saturation fluids and methods that is encountered in practice is a clear evidence of the still existing uncertainties on the most suitable procedure. Furthermore, unless the saturation process is explicitly detailed, its choice is typically left to the contractor and the measurement quality can only be established a posteriori, after the test has been completed. This paper describes a novel experimental equipment that enables quantifying the degree of saturation of the piezocone tip prior to testing. The methodology proposed is inspired to the B-value check, which is routinely used in geotechnical laboratory testing to assess the degree of saturation, e.g. prior to triaxial testing. In addition, it could also be applied after a test, so that it would be possible to assess whether saturation was retained while testing. This promising approach, when extended to different saturation procedures and validated by engineering practice, has the potential to become a relevant benchmark for reliable CPT testing.
βEndorphin Chimeric Peptides: Transport through the Blood-Brain Barrier<i>in Vivo</i>and Cleavage of Bisulfide Linkage by Brain* (1990)

Water soluble peptides are normally not transported through the brain capillary wall, i.e. the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Chimeric peptides may be transportable through the BBB and are formed by the covalent coupling of a nontransportable peptide, e.g. beta-endorphin, to a transportable peptide vector, e.g. cationized albumin, using disulfide-based coupling reagents such as N-succinimidyl 3-[2-pyridyldithio(propionate)] (SPDP). The transcytosis of peptide into brain parenchyma, as opposed to vascular sequestration of blood-borne peptide, was quantified using an internal carotid artery perfusion/capillary depletion method. It is shown that [125I]beta-endorphin is not transported through the BBB, but is rapidly cleaved to free [125I] tyrosine via capillary peptidase. Therefore, chimeric peptide was prepared using [125I] [D-Ala2]beta-endorphin (DABE), owing to the resistance of this analogue to peptidase degradation. The [125I] DABE-cationized albumin chimeric peptide is shown to enter brain parenchyma at a rate comparable to that reported previously for unconjugated cationized albumin. When the [125I] DABE-cationized albumin chimeric peptide was incubated with rat brain homogenate at 37 C, the free [125I] DABE was liberated from the cationized albumin conjugate prior to its subsequent degradation into free [125I] tyrosine. Approximately 50% of the chimeric peptide was cleaved within 60 sec of incubation at 37 C. These studies demonstrate that 1) [125I]beta-endorphin is not transported through the BBB in its unconjugated form, 2) a [125I] DABE-cationized albumin chimeric peptide is transported through the BBB into brain parenchyma at a rate comparable to the unconjugated cationized albumin, and 3) brain contains the necessary disulfide reductases for rapid cleavage of the chimeric peptide into free beta-endorphin and this cleavage occurs before degradation of the [125I] DABE into [125I] tyrosine.
EOE: Expected Overlap Estimation over Unstructured Point Cloud Data (2018)

We present an iterative overlap estimation technique to augment existing point cloud registration algorithms that can achieve high performance in difficult real-world situations where large pose displacement and non-overlapping geometry would otherwise cause traditional methods to fail. Our approach estimates overlapping regions through an iterative Expectation Maximization procedure that encodes the sensor field-of-view into the registration process. The proposed technique, Expected Overlap Estimation (EOE), is derived from the observation that differences in field-of-view violate the iid assumption implicitly held by all maximum likelihood based registration techniques. We demonstrate how our approach can augment many popular registration methods with minimal computational overhead. Through experimentation on both synthetic and real-world datasets, we find that adding an explicit overlap estimation step can aid robust outlier handling and increase the accuracy of both ICP-based and GMM-based registration methods, especially in large unstructured domains and where the amount of overlap between point clouds is very small.
Enhancement of antigen incorporation and infectivity of cell cultures by human rotavirus (1979)

Infection of cell cultures with human rotavirus preparations was attempted and the effects of trypsin and low-speed centrifugation on antigen incorporation, as demonstrated by immunofluorescence and radioimmunoassay, were determined. In addition, the effect of viral aggregation on antigen incorporation was investigated by filtering viral preparations. Four strains of human rotavirus were employed, and the results were compared to those obtained with two tissue culture-adapted animal rotaviruses. Centrifugation and trypsin appeared to have little or no effect on infectivity of the tissue culture-adapted (simian rotavirus) or -adaptable (Nebraska calf diarrhea virus) strains, whereas centrifugation and viral aggregation appeared to be essential for the human viruses. In addition, trypsin enhanced antigen incorporation of the human strains to some extent. Infectivity for cell cultures and in vitro human rotavirus protein formation was demonstrated by [35S]methionine incorporation, and the specificity of this human viral protein was established by radio-immunoprecipitation.
Time domain passivity control with reference energy behavior (2004)

A recently proposed method for stabilizing haptic interfaces and teleoperation systems was tested with a "PHANToM" commercial haptic device. The "passivity observer" (PO) and "passivity controller" (PC) stabilization method was formed to stabilize the system but also excite high frequency mode in the device. To solve this problem, we propose a method to use a time-varying desired energy threshold instead of fixed zero energy threshold for the PO, and make the actual energy input follow the time-varying energy threshold. With the time-varying energy threshold, we make the PC control action smooth without sudden impulsive behavior by distributing the dissipation. The proposed new PO/PC approach is applied to PHANToM with high stiffness (K=500 N/m), and stable and smooth contact is guarantee. Resetting and active environment display problems can also be solved with the reference energy following idea.
Implementation and analysis of PCC (parallel connection control) (2002)

In earlier papers, we proposed the PCC (parallel connection control) algorithm for the setup and release of on-demand ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) connections. This paper describes an implementation and analysis of PCC. The PCC algorithm is implemented on a testbed of three types of ATM switches from which service time measurements (software execution times) are obtained. These measured service times are used as input data for an analytical queueing network model to characterize the PCC end-to-end setup delay and maximum throughputs. Assuming all connections pass through ten switches, for this measured data, PCC has a theoretical maximum throughput of 343 calls/sec/switch, and at about 90% of this maximum limit (i.e., at 310 calls/sec/switch), the mean end-to-end connection setup delay is only 43 ms. We also compare PCC performance against an equivalent sequential connection setup/release approach. We observe that PCC end-to-end setup delay is much smaller than the sequential setup delay (34% at low load and even smaller at higher load). Also, the per-switch maximum throughput of the PCC approach is 80% more compared to the sequential approach.
Lipidomics in Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Lipids and Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Diagnostics and Treatment Conclusions References
A Genome-wide Analysis of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial Cells in 2D or 3D Culture (2017)

A defined protocol for efficiently deriving endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells was established and vascular morphogenesis was used as a model system to understand how synthetic hydrogels influence global biological function compared with common 2D and 3D culture platforms. RNA sequencing demonstrated that gene expression profiles were similar for endothelial cells and pericytes cocultured in polyethylene glycol (PEG) hydrogels or Matrigel, while monoculture comparisons identified distinct vascular signatures for each cell type. Endothelial cells cultured on tissue-culture polystyrene adopted a proliferative phenotype compared with cells cultured on or encapsulated in PEG hydrogels. The proliferative phenotype correlated to increased FAK-ERK activity, and knockdown or inhibition of ERK signaling reduced proliferation and expression for cell-cycle genes while increasing expression for "3D-like" vasculature development genes. Our results provide insight into the influence of 2D and 3D culture formats on global biological processes that regulate cell function.
Image-space Free-viewpoint Video (2005)

Image-space free-viewpoint video (FVV) is a framework for representation and coding of sparse multi-view video and subsequent re-rendering from arbitrary viewpoints. It is based on the fundamental concept of storing all information describing a scene’s visual appearance in multi-channel video images. Each pixel’s channels define different attributes of discrete point samples of observed surfaces. In this paper, we show how image-space FVV can be implemented with standard video coding tools and ready-available video coding methods can thus be reused. Besides, this representation has been adopted as extension of the MPEG-4 AFX standard. In addition to the representation, we also introduce a novel video coding technique that allows random access and progressive transmission. We evaluate this new codec in the context of FVV and compare it to state-of-the-art image and video codecs like MPEG-4 and JPEG-2000. We present results based on real-world data proving the suitability of the chosen approach.
CspI, the Ninth Member of the CspA Family of <i>Escherichia coli</i> , Is Induced upon Cold Shock (1999)

Escherichia coli contains the CspA family, consisting of nine proteins (CspA to CspI), in which CspA, CspB, and CspG have been shown to be cold shock inducible and CspD has been shown to be stationary-phase inducible. The cspI gene is located at 35.2 min on the E. coli chromosome map, and CspI shows 70, 70, and 79% identity to CspA, CspB, and CspG, respectively. Analyses of cspI-lacZ fusion constructs and the cspI mRNA revealed that cspI is cold shock inducible. The 5'-untranslated region of the cspI mRNA consists of 145 bases and causes a negative effect on cspI expression at 37 degrees C. The cspI mRNA was very unstable at 37 degrees C but was stabilized upon cold shock. Analyses of the CspI protein on two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that CspI production is maximal at or below 15 degrees C. Taking these results together, E. coli possesses a total of four cold shock-inducible proteins in the CspA family. Interestingly, the optimal temperature ranges for their induction are different: CspA induction occurs over the broadest temperature range (30 to 10 degrees C), CspI induction occurs over the narrowest and lowest temperature range (15 to 10 degrees C), and CspB and CspG occurs at temperatures between the above extremes (20 to 10 degrees C).
All-Weather Deep Outdoor Lighting Estimation (2019)

We present a neural network that predicts HDR outdoor illumination from a single LDR image. At the heart of our work is a method to accurately learn HDR lighting from LDR panoramas under any weather condition. We achieve this by training another CNN (on a combination of synthetic and real images) to take as input an LDR panorama, and regress the parameters of the Lalonde-Mathews outdoor illumination model. This model is trained such that it a) reconstructs the appearance of the sky, and b) renders the appearance of objects lit by this illumination. We use this network to label a large-scale dataset of LDR panoramas with lighting parameters and use them to train our single image outdoor lighting estimation network. We demonstrate, via extensive experiments, that both our panorama and singe image networks outperform the state of the art, and unlike prior work, are able to handle weather conditions ranging from fully sunny to overcast skies.
Image flicker control by CCD-chip-shift and wobble operation at double-enhanced Nyquist regions (1985)

CCD-chip-shift operation can double the Nyquist limit to give a high-resolution CCD imager. Image flickers, however, are apt to appear at highly resolved images near the double-enhanced Nyquist limit. The flickers are, in nature, field-time-dependent image flickers inherent in the operation principle. In order to suppress image flickers, a CCD-chip wobbling was superimposed at swung sites for the CCD-chip-shift imager by utilizing piezoelectric bimorph acutators, on which the CCD chip was mounted. By wobbling, apparent horizontal pixel apertures were enlarged to overlap each other, resulting in MTF control at the double-enhanced Nyquist regions.
Tomosynthesis via total variation minimization reconstruction and prior image constrained compressed sensing (PICCS) on a C-arm system (2008)

Recently, foundational mathematical theory, compressed sensing (CS), has been developed which enables accurate reconstruction from greatly undersampled frequency information (Candes et. al. and Donoho). Using numerical phantoms it has been demonstrated that CS reconstruction (e.g. minimizing the ℓ1 norm of the discrete gradient of the image) offers promise for computed tomography. However, when using experimental CT projection data the undersampling factors enabled were smaller than in numerical simulations. An extension to CS has recently been proposed wherein a prior image is utilized as a constraint in the image reconstruction procedure (i.e. Prior Image Constrained Compressed Sensing - PICCS). Experimental results are demonstrated here from a clinical C-arm system, highlighting one application of PICCS in reducing radiation exposure during interventional procedures while preserving high image quality. In this study a range of view angles has been investigated from very limited angle aquisitions (e.g. tomosythesis) to undersampled CT acquisitions.
Pre-clinical development of an agonistic CD40 antibody (ADC-1013) for local immunotherapy of cancer (2013)

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A novel and effective scan pattern for velocimetric OCT angiography (Conference Presentation) (2019)

In this study, we demonstrate a novel scanning pattern for improving flow quantification in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with a high scanning efficiency. A bidirectional interleaved scan pattern was introduced to adjust the adjacent inter-scan time in order to achieve OCTA sensitivity to different flow speeds. This bidirectional scanning protocol uses a triangular function on the fast scanning direction, meaning that it takes the same time in completing B-scans at adjacent lateral positions, acquired in opposite directions. By applying this scheme, the duty cycle is increased to almost 100%. To improve the linear velocity range represented by OCTA signals, different inter-B-scan intervals (at least two) are required to visualize flow at different speeds. In our scanning protocol, the time between the first and second repetition is different than the time between second and third repetition, allowing a total of 3 different inter-scan times (1-2, 2-3 and 1-3) to be computed to improve flow quantification. A retinal OCTA of a healthy subject was acquired using our 400-kHz swept source OCT system. The volumetric scan was acquired in less than two seconds, potentially minimizing the prevalence of motion artifacts, which are more predominant in the scanning intervals most sensitive to slow speed flow. By averaging the three different images generated by 3 different inter-scan times, flow with large linear range (up to 5.2 mm/sec according to our prior calibration) is apparent on en face OCTA.