gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insitu Characterization of Formation Fluid Samples - Case Studies (2004)

Abstract Sampling in the early stages of the exploration and development cycle is essential to provide key information for field planning and facilities design. In the majority of deepwater and other high cost wells drilled these days, formation tester samples may be the only source of fluid properties reliable enough to be used for economic screening. It is therefore critical to collect representative high quality samples early in any exploration or appraisal campaign. With the aid of real time insitu fluid characterization, sample quality can be assured, and the sampling process can be optimized. Insitu fluid characterization is essential for making decisions about where and when to sample, and how many samples to acquire. In that manner, maximum quality information may be acquired in an optimal amount of time. This is particularly critical in offshore deepwater sampling jobs, where rig rates can reach hundreds of thousands of dollars per day. This paper describes how the latest techniques for downhole fluid characterization can be put to maximum use. These techniques include real time composition measurement, fluid type identification and single-phase assurance. The absorption properties of hydrocarbons in Near-Infrared spectroscopy and principal component analysis techniques are used to obtain real time composition. This includes carbon dioxide concentration, Gas-Oil-Ratio, and water volume fraction as well as the relative abundance of three broad reservoir fluid pseudo-components. Fluid type identification and single-phase assurance are achieved with downhole gas detection and fluorescence measurements. Fluorescence monitoring enables the detection of condensate formation if the dew point pressure of a wet or retrograde gas system is crossed during sampling. In some cases, it also provides a means of qualitatively distinguishing between gas, condensate, light oil, and heavy oil from oil-base-mud filtrate. Several case studies are presented here to demonstrate the techniques of composition measurement, fluid type identification, and single-phase assurance. The case studies clearly show how these techniques help obtain high quality sample in an optimal amount of time.
Flow Cytometric Identification and Functional Characterization of Immature and Mature Circulating Endothelial Cells (2012)

Two populations of circulating endothelial cells, including the functionally characterized ECFC, are now identifiable in human cord blood and peripheral blood by PFC.
Arrival Time Delay Estimation Using High Order Statistics and Hybrid Beamforming – Application to HFM (2009)

Recorded microseismic waveforms during hydraulic fracture monitoring are usually complex wavetrains contaminated by high amplitude noise. This makes difficult to accurately estimate the onset time of the various recorded arrivals. In this paper we propose
Welding of aluminium alloy by using filler-added laser-arc hybrid welding process (2011)

Laser-arc hybrid welding is considered to be an efficient, practical welding process because its deposited metal from welding wire can increase gap-bridging ability and prevent welding defects such as undercutting or underfilling. The deposition rate from welding wire, however, cannot be adjusted independently on the welding current under the stable welding conditions because it is necessary to maintain a constant arc voltage. Although the combination of a higher deposition rate and a lower welding current is sometimes needed, for example during the welding of a thin sheet, a high deposition rate generally accompanies with a high welding current in the conventional laser-arc hybrid welding. In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the authors have proposed a novel method, a filler-added laser-arc hybrid welding (FLA welding) process, to increase a deposition rate without increasing the welding current itself in the welding of aluminium alloy. As a result, gap-bridging ability can be increased in the welding of both thin and thick plates. In this paper, the welding of aluminium alloy butt joints by using FLA welding process is discussed.
Development of a low backlash Crown Reducer (2010)

In this paper, we describe a novel low backlash reducer using precessing crown gears. we call this mechanism Crown Reducer. The features of this reducer are low backlash, high reduction ratio, advantage in miniaturizing. These features greatly contribute to design various small mechanisms such as a finger joint of a robot hand. The crown gear pair is meshing in face to face, one acts as a rotor and the other as a stator. The rotor gear has N teeth and the hub is connected to the output shaft. The spokes of rotor gear are elastically deformed according to gears rolling. The stator gear fixed on a housing has N - 1 teeth (or N + 1). The meshing of crown gear pair with several shapes of rack tooth are simulated, and proper parameters of rack to improve high rigidity of teeth are calculated. Finally, backlash and minimum input torque to rotate are evaluated using a prototype reducer.
4.3 GHz optical bandwidth light emitting transistor (2009)

We demonstrate a quantum-well base heterojunction bipolar light emitting transistor (HBLET) operating in the common collector configuration with a 3 dB optical response bandwidth f3 dB of 4.3 GHz. The HBLET has a current gain, β (=|ΔIC/ΔIB|) as high as 30, and can be operated as a three-port device to provide simultaneously an optical and electrical output with gain. The f3 dB of 4.3 GHz corresponds to an effective carrier recombination lifetime of 37 ps, and shows that “fast” spontaneous recombination can be harnessed for high-speed modulation.
Inhibition of mild steel corrosion in CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>S‐saturated acidic media by a new polyurea‐based material (2019)

Abstract Oil well acidizing is a common practice used to boost oil well productivity in the industry. This practice, however, exposes the mild steel components of the wells to extremely harsh corrosive environments. Under such conditions, highly efficient inhibitors are used to minimize corrosion attack. In the present study, corrosion inhibition of mild steel in simulated acidic medium saturated with CO 2 and H 2 S gases by a newly synthesized polyurea‐based material (PUCorr‐1) was investigated. Electrochemical studies supported with quantum chemical density‐functional theory calculations and surface characterization revealed that PUCorr‐1 adsorbs onto mild steel through a chemisorption mechanism yielding a stable protective film. The polyurea exhibited an excellent efficiency of 99.9% at a temperature of 50°C and a low concentration of 100 ppm, yielding a corrosion current density of 0.3 µA/cm 2 . In the presence of CO 2 and H 2 S gases, PuCorr‐1 exhibited a remarkable performance (>93% efficiency) making it a potential corrosion inhibitor in industrial processes that involve the use of acid solutions in the presence of CO 2 and H 2 S gases.
Energy sinks: Vibration absorption by an optimal set of undamped oscillators (2005)

This presentation offers the concept of energy sinks as an alternative to conventional methods of vibration absorption and damping. A prototypical energy sink envisioned here consists of a set of oscillators attached to, or an integral part of, a vibrating structure. The oscillators that make up an energy sink absorb vibratory energy from a structure and retain it in their phase-space. In principle, energy sinks do not dissipate vibratory energy as heat in the classical sense. The absorbed energy remains in an energy sink permanently so that the flow of energy from the primary structure appears to it as damping. This paper demonstrates that a set of linear oscillators can collectively absorb and retain vibratory energy with near irreversibility when they have a particular distribution of natural frequencies. The approach to obtain such a frequency response is based on an optimization that minimizes the energy retained by the structure as a function of frequency distribution of the oscillators in the set.
Acid-Sensing Ion Channels in Acidosis-Induced Injury of Human Brain Neurons (2010)

Acidosis is a common feature of the human brain during ischemic stroke and is known to cause neuronal injury. However, the mechanism underlying acidosis-mediated injury of the human brain remains elusive. We show that a decrease in the extracellular pH evoked inward currents characteristic of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and increased intracellular Ca(2+) in cultured human cortical neurons. Acid-sensing ion channels in human cortical neurons show electrophysiological and pharmacological properties distinct from those in neurons of the rodent brain. Reverse transcriptase-PCR and western blot detected a high level of the ASIC1a subunit with little or no expression of other ASIC subunits. Treatment of human cortical neurons with acidic solution induced substantial cell injury, which was attenuated by the ASIC1a blockade. Thus, functional homomeric ASIC1a channels are predominantly expressed in neurons from the human brain. Activation of these channels has an important role in acidosis-mediated injury of human brain neurons.
Differential Expression of Circadian Genes in Leukemia and a Possible Role for Sirt1 in Restoring the Circadian Clock in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2017)

Disregulation of genes making up the mammalian circadian clock has been associated with different forms of cancer. This study aimed to address how the circadian clock genes behave over the course of treatment for both the acute and chronic forms of leukemia and whether any could be used as potential biomarkers as a read-out for therapeutic efficacy. Expression profiling for both core and ancillary clock genes revealed that the majority of clock genes are down-regulated in acute myeloid leukemia patients, except for Cry2, which is up-regulated towards the end of treatment. A similar process was seen in acute lymphocytic leukemia patients; however, here, Cry2 expression came back up towards control levels upon treatment completion. In addition, all of the core clock genes were down-regulated in both chronic forms of leukemia (chronic myeloid leukemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia), except for Cry2, which was not affected when the disease was diagnosed. Furthermore, the NAD(+) - dependent protein deacetylase Sirt1 has been proposed to have a dual role in both control of circadian clock circuitry and promotion of cell survival by inhibiting apoptotic pathways in cancer. We used a pharmacological-based approach to see whether Sirt1 played a role in regulating the circadian clock circuitry in both acute and chronic forms of leukemia. Our results suggest that interfering with Sirt1 leads to a partial restoration of BMAL1 oscillation in chronic myeloid leukemia patient samples. Furthermore, interfering with Sirt1 activity led to both the induction and repression of circadian clock genes in both acute and chronic forms of leukemia, which makes it a potential therapeutic target to either augment existing therapies for chronic leukemia or to act as a means of facilitating chronotherapy in order to maximize both the effectiveness of existing therapies and to minimize therapy-associated toxicity.
Peptide Bioink: Self-Assembling Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Three-Dimensional Organotypic Cultures (2015)

Printable scaffolds with adequate mechanical strength and stiffness are sought after to ensure viability of printed cells and tissues. We report the first peptide bioinks-lysine-containing hexapeptides that self-assemble into stable, nanofibrous three-dimensional hydrogels with unprecedented stiffness of up to 40 kPa. These biocompatible scaffolds support the three-dimensional culture of human stem cells and differentiation of primary cells into organotypic (gastrointestinal and skin) structures for high-throughput screening, diagnosis, and tissue engineering.
AI-guided parameter optimization in inverse treatment planning (2003)

An artificial intelligence (AI)-guided inverse planning system was developed to optimize the combination of parameters in the objective function for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). In this system, the empirical knowledge of inverse planning was formulated with fuzzy if-then rules, which then guide the parameter modification based on the on-line calculated dose. Three kinds of parameters (weighting factor, dose specification, and dose prescription) were automatically modified using the fuzzy inference system (FIS). The performance of the AI-guided inverse planning system (AIGIPS) was examined using the simulated and clinical examples. Preliminary results indicate that the expected dose distribution was automatically achieved using the AI-guided inverse planning system, with the complicated compromising between different parameters accomplished by the fuzzy inference technique. The AIGIPS provides a highly promising method to replace the current trial-and-error approach.
Effect of Previous Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection on Murine Immune Responses to F and G Protein-Containing Virus-Like Particles (2019)

Most individuals are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by age two, but infection does not result in long-term protective immunity to subsequent infections. Previous RSV infection may, however, impact responses to an RSV vaccine. The goal of these studies was to explore the effect of previous RSV infection on murine antibody responses to RSV F and G protein-containing virus-like particles (VLP), comparing responses to those resulting from VLP immunization of RSV-naive animals. These studies showed that after RSV infection, immunization with a single dose of VLPs containing a conformation-stabilized prefusion F protein stimulated high titers of neutralizing antibodies (NA), while an immunization with post-F-containing VLPs or a second RSV infection only weakly stimulated NA, even though total anti-F protein IgG antibody levels in both VLP-immunized animals were similar. Furthermore, single pre-F or post-F VLP immunization of animals previously infected (primed) with RSV resulted in total anti-F antibody titers that were 10- to 12-fold higher than titers after a VLP prime and boost of RSV-naive animals or after two consecutive RSV infections. The avidities of serum antibodies as well as numbers of splenic B cells and bone marrow cells after different immunization protocols were also assessed. The combined results show that RSV infection can quite effectively prime animals for the production of protective antibodies that can be efficiently activated by a pre-F VLP boost but not by a post-F VLP boost or a second RSV infection.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Humans may experience repeated infections caused by the same serotype of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in contrast to infections with most other viruses, indicating that immune memory responses to RSV are defective. However, the effects of any residual but nonprotective immunity on responses to RSV vaccines are not clear. This study demonstrates that a VLP vaccine candidate containing a stabilized prefusion F protein can robustly stimulate protective immunity in animals previously infected with RSV, while a second RSV infection or a postfusion F-containing VLP cannot. This result shows that a properly constructed immunogen can be an effective vaccine in animals previously infected with RSV. The results also suggest that the defect in RSV memory is not in the induction of that memory but rather in its activation by a subsequent RSV infection.
Successively refinable trellis coded quantization (2002)

We propose successively refinable trellis coded quantizers which are suitable for progressive transmission. A new trellis structure which is scalable is used in the design of our trellis coded quantizers. A hierarchical set partitioning is used to preserve successive refillability. Two algorithms for designing trellis coded quantizers which provide embedded bit streams are provided. The computational complexity of the proposed schemes is compared with that of trellis coded quantization. Simulation results show good performance for memoryless sources.
Semi-automated left ventricular segmentation based on a guide point model approach for 3D cine DENSE cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2014)

A semi-automated segmentation method has been developed for 3D cine DENSE CMR. The algorithm allows for contouring of the first cardiac frame where blood-myocardium contrast is almost nonexistent and reduces the time required to segment a 3D DENSE data set significantly.
A layerwise plate theory for the vibrations of electroded crystal plates (2003)

Electrodes on a crystal resonator has been traditionally considered as mass addition to the crystal plate, thus resulting the neglect of their stiffness. This assumption is considered reasonable if electrodes are thin in comparison with the crystal in terms of the mass ratio, the relative mass of electrodes. For thicker electrodes of high frequency resonators, this assumption has to be reexamined for better prediction on their effects on the resonance frequency and the frequency-temperature characteristics. In this study, the electrodes are considered as layers of plates with their own stiffness and mass properties. As a result, the deformation of electrodes also involve independent ones in addition to the crystal deformation. The theory employed also enables us to consider the deformation to a higher order of degree. The layerwise plate theory is derived and implemented for the finite element method. Numerical results are compared with the other computing schemes with and without electrodes considerations.
Design study of an integrated aerobraking orbital transfer vehicle (1985)

An aerobraking orbital transfer vehicle (AOTV) concept, which has an aerobrake structure that is integrated with the propulsion stage, is discussed. The concept vehicle is to be assembled in space and is space-based. The advantages of aeroassist over an all propulsive vehicle are discussed and it is shown that the vehicle considered is very competitive with inflatable and deployable concepts from mass and performance aspects. The aerobrake geometry is an ellipsoidally blunted, raked-off, elliptical wide-angle cone with a toroidal skirt. Propellant tanks, engines, and subsystems are integrated into a closed, isogrid aerobrake structure which provides rigidity. The vehicle has two side-firing, gimbaled RL-10 type engines and carries 38,000 kg of useable propellant. The trajectory during aerobraking is determined from an adaptive guidance logic, and the heating is determined from engineering correlations as well as 3-D Navier-Stokes solutions. The AOTV is capable of placing 13,500 kg payload into geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO) or carrying a LEO-GEO-LEO round-trip payload of 7100 kg. A two-stage version considered for lunar missions results in a lunar surface delivery capability of 18,000 kg or a round-trip capability of 6800 kg with 3860 kg delivery-only capability.
Using an Interface Proxy to Host Versioned Web Services (2008)

Web services have become important building blocks of distributed applications and have matured to the point where service lifecycle issues such as version management are now paramount. However, there is a lack of versioning support in relevant standards and tools. We present an approach which leverages the existing WSDL service definition model to build a versioned service hosting solution. We distinguish between a web service interface (published) version and its implementation version (private). We introduce the concept of a service interface proxy. This proxy, which can be generated automatically, implicitly defines the service interface version, and is published as the logical service endpoint. Client requests are routed dynamically by the proxy to appropriate implementation versions. We have implemented a prototype of our approach to demonstrate its applicability.
Graphene oxide films, fibers, and membranes (2015)

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) macroscopic films, fibers, and membranes have become important applications of this interesting two-dimensional material due to their specific properties and great potential as new high-performance materials. After chemical or thermal reduction, GO is transformed into an electrically conductive material termed reduced GO (RGO). These materials hold great potential because they can be prepared in large quantities at low costs, and consequently they are particularly suitable for applications in packaging, textiles, energy devices, and separation technologies. In the following years, the use of GO- and RGO-based films, fibers, and membranes is expected to grow; however, several challenges regarding its processing conditions must be resolved. In this review, we addressed some of the recent work regarding these important technologies and summarized the state of the art of GO films, fibers, and membranes.
Optoacoustic technique for continuous, noninvasive measurement of total hemoglobin concentration: an in vivo study (2005)

We used an optoacoustic technique to measure continuously and noninvasively total hemoglobin concentration in human blood in vivo. An optoacoustic probe, which combined illuminating fibers and a piezoelectric sensitive element, was placed in contact with the skin over the radial artery. Measurements in healthy volunteers agreed well with actual hemoglobin concentration.
Steady-state analysis of auditory evoked potentials over a wide range of stimulus repetition rates in awake vs. natural sleep (2012)

The analysis methods used in this paper may give information that will have applications for clinical testing. Results confirm and extend knowledge of the effects of repetition rate on AEPs over a range embracing the gamut of responses as traditionally classified, specifically at the beginning stages of natural sleep.
High-Power III-Nitride Emitters for Solid-State Lighting (2002)

High-power, large-area InGaN/GaN quantum-well heterostructure light-emitting diodes based on an inverted, or “flip-chip”, configuration are described. These devices are mounted in specially designed high-power (≈1–5 W) packages and exhibit high extraction efficiency and low operating voltage. In the blue wavelength regime, output powers greater than 250 mW (1 × 1 mm2 device) and 1 W (2 × 2 mm2 device) are delivered at standard operating current densities (≈50 A/cm2), corresponding to “wall-plug” efficiencies of 22%–23%. Employing phosphors for the generation of white light, these same devices achieve luminous efficiencies greater than 30 lm/W.
Ultrafiltration (1993)

The pressed wines are an integral part of grape processing and vary in quality depending upon pressing practices. Pressed wines are inferior to free run wines due to their higher polyphenol content. The principal phenolic compounds responsible for the astringency and bitterness in pressed wines are procyanidins. Ultrafiltration is a superior alternative to conventional fining treatments and anion exchange for quality improvement of pressed wines. Ultrafiltration was found to be more selective in removing pressed character while retaining most of the wines original varietal characteristics. Profiles of the phenolics were obtained on High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) which was necessary for optimizing the ultrafiltration process for pressed wines.