gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of an energy monitoring and control device based on IoT (2016)

Energy monitoring and conservation holds prime importance in today's world because of the imbalance between power generation and demand. The current scenario says that the power generated, which is primarily contributed by fossil fuels may get exhausted within the next 20 years. Currently, there are very accurate electronic energy monitoring systems available in the market. Most of these monitor the power consumed in a domestic household, in case of residential applications. Many a times, consumers are dissatisfied with the power bill as it does not show the power consumed at the device level. This paper presents the design and implementation of an energy meter using Arduino microcontroller which can be used to measure the power consumed by any individual electrical appliance. Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging field and IoT based devices have created a revolution in electronics and IT. The main intention of the proposed energy meter is to monitor the power consumption at the device level, upload it to the server and establish remote control of any appliance. The energy monitoring system precisely calculates the power consumed by various electrical devices and displays it through a home energy monitoring website. The advantage of this device is that a user can understand the power consumed by any electrical appliance from the website and can take further steps to control them and thus help in energy conservation. Further on, the users can monitor the power consumption as well as the bill on daily basis.
Adhesion mechanisms of silica layers on plasma-treated polymers. Part I. Polycarbonate (1996)

We have studied the influence of plasma treatment in various gases (Ar, NH3, N2) on the surface modification of polycarbonate (PC) and on the adhesion of plasma-deposited silica layers to PC. Surface modification was investigated using in situ IR ellipsometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle measurements interpreted in terms of electron-acceptor/ donor groups. In addition, in situ UV-visible ellipsometry enabled crosslinking analysis. Due to UV photon emission, Ar plasma treatment induced crosslinking as well as photo-Fries rearrangements and related reactions, thus creating phenolic groups. These groups are acidic sites and are likely to react with the electronegative oxygen atoms of silica. Adhesion of silica to PC, as measured by the micro-scratch test, was enhanced by Ar plasma treatment. The improvement is attributed to the crosslinking of PC, on the one hand, and to acid-base interactions and/or covalent bonding between PC and silica, on the other hand. A further improvement in adhesion was achieved using N2 plasma treatments (pure or Ar-diluted). These treatments also induced crosslinking and phenolic group formation and, in addition, nitrogen grafting at the surface. Adhesion enhancement from Ar to N2 treatments is thus attributed to nitrogen-containing groups, which are likely to promote covalent bonding between silica and the treated polymer surface. In contrast, Ar-diluted NH3 plasma treatment following Ar treatment resulted in decreased adhesion, which is attributed to reduced acidity and low nitrogen grafting.
An efficient routing tree construction algorithm with buffer insertion, wire sizing, and obstacle considerations (2005)

In this paper, we propose a fast algorithm to construct a performance-driven routing tree with simultaneous buffer insertion and wire sizing in the presence of wire and buffer obstacles. Recently, several algorithms have been published addressing the routing tree construction problem. However, all these algorithms are slow and not scalable. In this paper, we propose an algorithm which is fast and scalable with problem size. The main idea of our approach is to specify some important high-level features of the whole routing tree so that it can be broken down into several components. We apply stochastic search to find the best specification. Since we need very few high-level features, the size of stochastic search space is small and can be searched in very little time. The solutions for the components are either pre-generated and stored in lookup tables, or generated by extremely fast algorithms whenever needed. Since it is efficient to obtain solutions for components, it is also efficient to construct and evaluate the whole routing tree for each specification. Experimental results show that, for trees of moderate size, our algorithm out performs the previous algorithms in both quality and runtime.
Context-aware smart car: from model to prototype (2009)

Smart cars are promising application domain for ubiquitous computing. Context-awareness is the key feature of a smart car for safer and easier driving. Despite many industrial innovations and academic progresses have been made, we find a lack of fully context-aware smart cars. This study presents a general architecture of smart cars from the viewpoint of context-awareness. A hierarchical context model is proposed for description of the complex driving environment. A smart car prototype including software platform and hardware infrastructures is built to provide the running environment for the context model and applications. Two performance metrics were evaluated: accuracy of the context situation recognition and efficiency of the smart car. The whole response time of context situation recognition is nearly 1.4 s for one person, which is acceptable for non-time critical applications in a smart car.
Recommend-As-You-Go: A Novel Approach Supporting Services-Oriented Scientific Workflow Reuse (2011)

Services computing technology enables scientists to expose data and computational resources wrapped as publicly accessible Web services. However, our study indicates that scientific services are currently poorly reused in an ad hoc style. This project aims to help domain scientists find interested services and reuse successful processes to attain their research purposes in the form of workflows. In contrast to existing interface-based services discovery approaches, this paper proposes a novel approach of proactively recommending services in a workflow composition process, based on service usage history. The underpinning is a People-Service-Workflow (PSW) network that models existing scientific artifacts, services and workflows, and their past usage relationships into a social network. Various social network analysis techniques are applied to discover hidden knowledge accrued. A prototyping search engine has been developed as a proof of concept, and is seamlessly integrated as a plug-in into the Tavern a workbench, a widely used scientific workflow management tool.
Advances and limitations in the evaluation of analgesic combination therapy (2005)

Combination therapy using multiple drugs or modalities that target multiple mechanisms is common practice in the treatment of chronic pain. The benefit of combination therapy is purported to lie in its ability to provide improved efficacy with reduced toxicity. However, there are few published trials evaluating combination analgesics. Therefore, clinical choices regarding treatments, doses, and schedules tend to be determined empirically from innumerable drug combinations and permutations. Synergism is in part dependent on the pain condition, drug-drug interactions, and dose responses of the individual treatment components (among known and unknown factors), and a quantification of synergistic interactions would enable a rational approach to the use of combination analgesic therapy. Traditionally, drug interactions were evaluated by first establishing dose-response relationships of the individual component drugs and the combination in fixed dose ratios, followed by constructing isobolograms that would then allow a detailed statistical analysis. This strategy is at best challenging to perform in chronic analgesic trials. This article discusses the gold standard analytic approach to evaluating combination therapies (isobolograms), various permutations of this approach in human subjects, and the challenges of designing randomized controlled clinical trials that assess synergism between two therapies.
Screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, fetal heart rate, free  -hCG and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (2008)

As a side effect of first-trimester screening for trisomy 21, approximately 95% of trisomy 13 and 18 fetuses can be detected with an 0.1% increase in the FPR.
Extending a Nonlinear SNR Estimator to Include Shaping Distribution Identification for Probabilistically Shaped 64-QAM Signals (2019)

An estimation method for the nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is extended to simultaneously identify the shaping distribution for rate-adaptive probabilistically shaped (PS) 64-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) constellations. An artificial neural network (ANN) is trained with the fiber nonlinearity induced amplitude noise covariance and phase noise correlation extracted from received symbols. The identification employs estimates of the nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio (SNR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">nl</sub> ) and nonlinear system coefficients obtained from the ANN to extract the standardized constellation moments and hence identify the shaping distribution. The data used for training are 504 input-output sets, which are obtained from a simplified MATLAB simulation for a 32 Gbaud dual polarization PS 64-QAM signal considering seven different shaping distributions and a wide range of link configurations with varying fiber lengths and number of wavelength division multiplexed channels. Validation using 180 input-output sets that include five shaping distributions corresponding to a bit rate granularity of 25 Gb/s for bit rates between 200 and 300 Gb/s, exhibits high identification success rates, albeit for a limited set of examples. Reduced success rates are achieved for five shaping distributions corresponding to a bit rate granularity of 12.5 Gb/s for bit rates between 200 and 250 Gb/s. For completeness, the identification success rate is also quantified for the case of all seven shaping distributions in the validation.
Measuring steady-state and dynamic endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi Zn <sup>2+</sup> with genetically encoded sensors (2011)

Zn(2+) plays essential roles in biology, and cells have adopted exquisite mechanisms for regulating steady-state Zn(2+) levels. Although much is known about total Zn(2+) in cells, very little is known about its subcellular distribution. Yet defining the location of Zn(2+) and how it changes with signaling events is essential for elucidating how cells regulate this essential ion. Here we create fluorescent sensors genetically targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi to monitor steady-state Zn(2+) levels as well as flux of Zn(2+) into and out of these organelles. These studies reveal that ER and Golgi contain a concentration of free Zn(2+) that is 100 times lower than the cytosol. Both organelles take up Zn(2+) when cytosolic levels are elevated, suggesting that the ER and Golgi can sequester elevated cytosolic Zn(2+) and thus have the potential to play a role in influencing Zn(2+) toxicity. ER Zn(2+) homeostasis is perturbed by small molecule antagonists of Ca(2+) homeostasis and ER Zn(2+) is released upon elevation of cytosolic Ca(2+) pointing to potential exchange of these two ions across the ER. This study provides direct evidence that Ca(2+) signaling can influence Zn(2+) homeostasis and vice versa, that Zn(2+) dynamics may modulate Ca(2+) signaling.
Study of Ni as a barrier metal in AuSn soldering application for laser chip/submount assembly (1992)

The possibility of replacing Pt in the Ti/Pt/Au base and traditionally used metallurgical structure by Ni, while bonding InP laser chip to a submount with AuSn (80% Au) solder, has been investigated. Various Ni-based metal alloys have been prepared by evaporation. Reflow experiments were conducted in a chamber under forming gas-controlled ambient. The Ti/Ni/AuSn system provided much longer surface local freezing duration compared to the Ti/Pt/AuSn system. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a smoother surface morphology for the Ti/Ni/AuSn system after the metal refroze. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles indicated the formation of a Ni-Sn-Au interacted layer. The interaction took place in two steps: the first stage was the dissolution of Ni into the Au-Sn liquid followed by precipitation of a Ni-Sn-Au intermetallic compound; the second stage was a solid-state interdiffusion of Sn, Au, and Ni which occured in the interacted layer and in the original Ni layer. The latter step was a diffusion-controlled process, resulting in a very slow growth rate. Both Au and Sn reacted to form Ni alloy layers of almost equal thickness, regardless of the reaction duration (up to about 5 min). This intensive reaction, however, did not lead to full consumption of the Ti interfacial layer, which provided an excellent adhesion layer between the submount and the metallurgical structure.
A Novel Approach for Exception Handling in SOA (2012)

Services are certainly assuming an increasingly important role in modern application development, composite application. One may ask how to successfully implement Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA).The objective of the study to examine the key issue of the user's negative attitude towards introduction of SOA design. It is the fear of complexity that the SOA brings with its layers .Composite applications must be reliable and available, however it may appear more difficult to achieved, due to the multi-layered architecture of SOA. To reduce the fear of complexity, as well as to reduce the risk when introducing SOA architecture, it is necessary to use error handling methods in order to increase system fault tolerance. This paper looks at various error handling considerations associated with design of reusable services. It provides an outlineof what error handling considerations apply during SOA analysis and design phases. Also describes some best practices into designing these considerations. Finally ensuring that services are designed and implemented in all its completeness.
What Can VR Systems Tell Sports Players? Reaction-Based Analysis of Baseball Batters in Virtual and Real Worlds (2018)

This study aims at ascertaining the applicability of a virtual reality environment (VRE) to sports training. Hitting an incoming object is one of the most common actions in various ball games, in which players are required to move to a suitable position and hit the object in a split second; this is a complicated task requiring spatio-temporal reaction to the object. Due to this complexity, how a VRE can serve as a training environment still remains an open question. In the work reported in this paper, we investigated the idea of substituting a VRE for an actual environment for training on the task of hitting a baseball. By focusing on the batter's temporal behavior with real and virtual environments, we clarified factors that contribute to the batter's reaction. This helped us understand how training VREs can be effectively utilized and the VRE requirements needed for sports training.
First-Line Crizotinib versus Chemotherapy in <i>ALK</i>-Positive Lung Cancer (2014)

Crizotinib was superior to standard first-line pemetrexed-plus-platinum chemotherapy in patients with previously untreated advanced ALK-positive NSCLC. (Funded by Pfizer; PROFILE 1014 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01154140.).
Ethanol Production from Olive Oil Extraction Residue Pretreated with Hot Water (2002)

The olive pulp fraction contained in the residue generated in olive oil extraction by a two-step centrifugation process can be upgraded by using the cellulose fraction to produce ethanol and recovering high value phenols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol). Olive pulp was pretreated in a laboratory scale stirred autoclave at different temperatures (150-250 degrees C). Pretreatment was evaluated regarding cellulose recovery, enzymatic hydrolysis effectiveness, ethanol production by a simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process (SSF), and phenols recovery in the filtrate. The pretreatment of olive pulp using water at temperatures between 200 degrees C and 250 degrees C enhanced enzymatic hydrolysis. Maximum ethanol production (11.9 g/L) was obtained after pretreating pulp at 210 degrees C in a SSF fed-batch procedure. Maximum hydroxytyrosol recovery was obtained in the liquid fraction when pretreated at 230 degrees C.
Enhanced energy conversion efficiencies of solar cells by multiple carrier excitation (2007)

Energy conversion efficiencies for solar cells utilising multiple carrier excitation were calculated for various solar concentration factors based on the detailed balance limit formalism. The theoretical efficiency limit for the solar cells generating up to eight electron-hole pairs from one photon was 58% under a 1000-sun illumination relative to 38% without multiple carrier excitation with their optimised energy bandgaps.
A self-testing reconfigurable CAM (1991)

The authors describe a 2- mu m CMOS reconfigurable content addressable memory (RCAM), organized as 256 words by 64 b, that can be written, searched, or read with 100-ns cycle time. Designed for general high-speed table lookup applications, the RCAM has self-test and reconfiguration features to simplify testing and improve yield. In test mode the RCAM tests the whole memory array in under 300 clock cycles and automatically reconfigures itself to correct any hard errors it finds, greatly enhancing the chip yield. As an example, the authors describe the application of the RCAM to address translation. Compared to RAM-based address translation, using the RCAM increases speed and reduces complexity. Also, the RCAM's storage reclamation feature simplifies system storage management by allowing old entries that have not been accessed recently to be freed for reuse.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Binding Mode Characterization and Early <i>in Vivo</i> Evaluation of Fragment-Like Thiols as Inhibitors of the Virulence Factor LasB from <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2018)

The increasing emergence of antibiotic resistance necessitates the development of anti-infectives with novel modes of action. Targeting bacterial virulence is considered a promising approach to develop novel antibiotics with reduced selection pressure. The extracellular collagenase elastase (LasB) plays a pivotal role in the infection process of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and therefore represents an attractive antivirulence target. Mercaptoacetamide-based thiols have been reported to inhibit LasB as well as collagenases from clostridia and bacillus species. The present work provides an insight into the structure-activity relationship (SAR) of these fragment-like LasB inhibitors, demonstrating an inverse activity profile compared to similar inhibitors of clostridial collagenase H (ColH). An X-ray cocrystal structure is presented, revealing distinct binding of two compounds to the active site of LasB, which unexpectedly maintains an open conformation. We further demonstrate in vivo efficacy in a Galleria mellonella infection model and high selectivity of the LasB inhibitors toward human matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).
Primary plasma cell leukemia and multiple myeloma: one or two diseases according to the methodology. (1999)

To the Editor:

Recently, Garcia-Sanz et al[1][1] reported a series of 26 patients with plasma cell leukemia (PCL) in whom a number of biological parameters were studied, with particular emphasis about measure of DNA cell content by flow cytometry and detection of numeric chromosomal
Photo-Geometric Autoencoding to Learn 3D Objects from Unlabelled Images (2019)

We show that generative models can be used to capture visual geometry constraints statistically. We use this fact to infer the 3D shape of object categories from raw single-view images. Differently from prior work, we use no external supervision, nor do we use multiple views or videos of the objects. We achieve this by a simple reconstruction task, exploiting the symmetry of the objects' shape and albedo. Specifically, given a single image of the object seen from an arbitrary viewpoint, our model predicts a symmetric canonical view, the corresponding 3D shape and a viewpoint transformation, and trains with the goal of reconstructing the input view, resembling an auto-encoder. Our experiments show that this method can recover the 3D shape of human faces, cat faces, and cars from single view images, without supervision. On benchmarks, we demonstrate superior accuracy compared to other methods that use supervision at the level of 2D image correspondences.
Clinical magnetic resonance imaging (1990)

Part 1 Physics and instrumentation: basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging practical MRI for the technologist and imaging specialist artifacts in mR imaging - description, causes, and solutions flow fast MR imaging principles of MR imaging contrast agents contrast agents for MR imaging biochemical basis of the MR appearance of cerebral hemorrhage clinical spectroscopy pulse sequence design site planning instrumentation. Part 2 Central nervous system: brain - indications, technique, and atlas brain - congenital malformations brain - neoplasia brain - spontaneous hemorrhage brain - vascular diseases brain - periventricular white matter abnormalities brain - trauma, inflammation, and degenerative and metabolic disorders the orbit head and neck the barchial plexus MR imaging of the cervical and thoracic spine MR imaging of the lumbar spine. Part 3 Chest and abdomen: MR imaging of the throax frontiers in cardiac magnetic resonance examination of the adult heart and great vessels cine MR imaging of the heart cine MR imaging of congenital heart disease MR imaging of the upper abdomen and adrenal glands MR imaging of the kidney and retroperitoneum. Part 4 Pelvis: MR imaging of the pelvis obstetrical MR imaging MR imaging of the scrotum and testes MR imaging of developmental abnormalities of the female pelvis. Part 5 Musculoskeletal: MR imaging of the knee MR imaging of the glenohumeral joint MR imaging of the wrist MR imaging of the foot and ankle MR imaging of the musculoskeletal system. Appendix I: MR imaging scan protocols. Appendix II: staging systems of primary malignancies. Glossary of MR terms.
Surface Topography and Mechanical Strain Promote Keratocyte Phenotype and Extracellular Matrix Formation in a Biomimetic 3D Corneal Model (2016)

The optimal functionality of the native corneal stroma is mainly dependent on the well-ordered arrangement of extracellular matrix (ECM) and the pressurized structure. In order to develop an in vitro corneal model, it is crucial to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of the cornea. In this study, the influence of surface topography and mechanical strain on keratocyte phenotype and ECM formation within a biomimetic 3D corneal model is studied. By modifying the surface topography of materials, it is found that patterned silk fibroin film with 600 grooves mm<sup>-1</sup> optimally supports cell alignment and ECM arrangement. Furthermore, treatment with 3% dome-shaped mechanical strain, which resembles the shape and mechanics of native cornea, significantly enhances the expression of keratocyte markers as compared to flat-shaped strain. Accordingly, a biomimetic 3D corneal model, in the form of a collagen-modified, silk fibroin-patterned construct subjected to 3% dome-shaped strain, is created. Compared to traditional 2D cultures, it supports a significantly higher expression of keratocyte and ECM markers, and in conclusion better maintains keratocyte phenotype, alignment, and fusiform cell shape. Therefore, the novel biomimetic 3D corneal model developed in this study serves as a useful in vitro 3D culture model to improve current 2D cultures for corneal studies.