gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusually Strong Delayed Fluorescence of C<sub>70</sub> (1996)

C70 (like other fullerenes) is known to have a very weak fluorescence (ΦF ≅ 5 × 10-4), owing to the high efficiency of triplet formation. In this work we show that, under appropriate conditions, the fluorescence quantum yield increases by one or two orders of magnitude (up to an estimated maximum value ΦF = 0.08), through the mechanism of delayed thermal fluorescence. We also report a new estimate of the singlet−triplet gap (26 ± 2 kJ mol-1), obtained from the temperature dependence of the delayed thermal fluorescence. This value is shown to be in agreement with the phosphorescence spectrum recorded in the same temperature range. An accurate value of the quantum yield of triplet formation (0.994 ± 0.001) is obtained from a new method of data analysis.
Ylide-carbene chemistry. Synthesis of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenes (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTYlide-carbene chemistry. Synthesis of 1,1-difluoro-1-alkenesGregory A. Wheaton and Donald J. BurtonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 7, 917–927Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00155a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00155a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1310Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phototherapeutic contact lens for diabetic retinopathy (2018)

This paper reports on the first phototherapeutic “contact lens” to manage diabetic retinopathy by reducing retinal metabolism via suppression of rod cell dark current. The contact lens is composed of PDMS embedded with a ring of gaseous tritium light sources providing continuous illumination over the lifetime of the lens. Electroretinogram responses from rabbits demonstrate bioactivity of the lens, which is further explored in 1D simulations of retinal oxygenation. Tests in human eyes validate comfort, fit, and the Troxler neural adaptation effect. With oxygen transmissibility, DK/t, of 130 Fatt, the lens meets FDA guidelines for overnight wear and offers advantages of comfort and reliability.
3‐D filter design on a hexagonal grid with applications to point‐receiver land acquisition (2004)

Recording seismic data through point receivers rather than analogue receiver arrays has several potential advantages. Design of optimal 3‐D digital filters is important to realize this potential. Hexagonal (staggered) spatial sampling is more efficient than rectangular sampling for seismic signals, but requires development of special techniques for the design of 3‐D filters. We present a method based on the APOCS (Alternating Projections onto Convex Sets) approach for designing optimal 3‐D FIR (finite impulse response) filters for digital group‐forming.
PassShape (2007)

Authentication today mostly means using passwords or personal identification numbers (PINs). The average user has to remember an increasing amount of PINs and passwords. But unfortunately, humans have limited capabilities in remembering abstract alphanumeric sequences. Thus, many people either forget them or use very simple ones that imply several security risks. In our previous work on PIN entry on ATMs (cash machines), we found out that many persons support their memory recalling PINs by using an imaginary shape overlaid on the number pad. In this paper, we introduce PassShape, a shape based authentication mechanism. We argue that using shapes will allow more complex and more secure authentication with a lower cognitive load. That is, it enables people to use easy to remember but complex authentication patterns.
A `Personalized¿ Facial Expression Recognition System using Case Based Reasoning (2006)

Facial expression recognition has increasing importance in assisting human-computer interaction issues so that the system can customize to user needs and requirements. In this paper we present a `personalized' system for facial expression recognition from facial features. Personalization refers to custom-tailoring of the system for a specific user. The facial expression recognition module uses a case-based reasoning system for personalized output. Personalization helps to customize the output of system according to a particular user. Degree of customization of our system is a function of time as system adapts itself to the user. This paper presents further enhancements to our previous work on embedding case based reasoning for facial expression recognition
Autophagy facilitates glycolysis during Ras-mediated oncogenic transformation (2010)

The protumorigenic functions for autophagy are largely attributed to its ability to promote cancer cell survival in response to diverse stresses. Here we demonstrate an unexpected connection between autophagy and glucose metabolism that facilitates adhesion-independent transformation driven by a strong oncogenic insult-mutationally active Ras. In cells ectopically expressing oncogenic H-Ras as well as human cancer cell lines harboring endogenous K-Ras mutations, autophagy is induced following extracellular matrix detachment. Inhibiting autophagy due to the genetic deletion or RNA interference-mediated depletion of multiple autophagy regulators attenuates Ras-mediated adhesion-independent transformation and proliferation as well as reduces glycolytic capacity. Furthermore, in contrast to autophagy-competent cells, both proliferation and transformation in autophagy-deficient cells expressing oncogenic Ras are insensitive to reductions in glucose availability. Overall, increased glycolysis in autophagy-competent cells facilitates Ras-mediated adhesion-independent transformation, suggesting a unique mechanism by which autophagy may promote Ras-driven tumor growth in specific metabolic contexts.
Toward the Fluxonium Quantum Processor (2020)

This thesis reports recent achievements toward scalable quantum computing with fluxonium, a superconducting artificial atom with rich energy spectrum and selection rules similar to those found in natural atoms. We show how such spectral properties can be harnessed to protect the qubit from energy relaxation and dephasing. At half-integer flux quantum bias, we show that fluxonium’s |0〉→ |1〉qubit transition has high coherence by design, with T1, T2≈500 μs in one device, the highest reported in superconducting circuits so far. Yet, the qubit exhibits the same level of addressability found in more conventional superconducting qubits (Tgate<50 ns). In addition, a controlled-Z gate can be implemented by sending a short2π-pulse at a frequency near the |1〉→|2〉transition of the target qubit. Preliminary results suggest that this gate can be used to entangle two fluxonium qubits with high fidelity. We also discuss experimental techniques employed to characterize the qubits, and present a perspective on future fluxonium-based quantum technologies.
Multirate Signal Processing for Communication Systems (2022)

Multirate Signal processing can improve system performance and reduce costs in applications ranging from laboratory instruments, cable modems, wireless systems, satellites, Radar, Sonar, and consumer entertainment products. This second edition continues to offer a systematic, clear, and intuitive introduction to multirate signal processing for working engineers and system designers. Significant new material and fresh concepts, including Green Signal Processing techniques have been introduced. The author uses extensive examples and figures to illustrate a wide range of multirate techniques, from basic resampling to leading-edge cascade and multi-stage filter structures. Along the way he draws on extensive research and consulting experience to introduce processing “tricks” shown to maximize performance and efficiency. Coverage includes:• Effect of sampling and resampling in time and frequency domains• Relationships between FIR filter specifications and filter length (# of taps)• Window design and equal-ripple (Remez) design techniques• Square-Root Nyquist and Half-band Filters including new enhancements• Polyphase FIR filters: up-sampling, down-sampling• Polyphase M-path analysis and synthesis channelizers and cascade pairs• Polyphase interpolators for arbitrary sample rate changes• Dyadic half-band filters, quadrature mirror filters• Channel banks for multiple arbitrary bandwidths and center frequencies • Comprehensive coverage of recursive all-pass filters and channelizers, non-uniform and uniform phase, mixed recursive and non-recursive• Comparisons with traditional DSP designs• Extensive applications coverage throughout
Accidental self-inoculation with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (Johne's bacterin) by veterinarians in Wisconsin (1988)

We surveyed Wisconsin veterinarians to assess the frequency and severity of accidental self- and other human exposure to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (Johne's bacterin). Of 199 veterinarians administering the bacterin to cattle, 22 reported one or more exposures, including 19 needle-stick exposures, 8 skin surface exposures, and 2 oral mucosa exposures. The mean incidence of needle sticks was 5.5/100 veterinarians/year of bacterin use or 1/1,000 doses administered. The mean total doses given in the needle-stick exposure group was 276 +/- 318 vs 80 +/- 268 in the group without needle-stick exposure, and the mean number of months administering the bacterin was 21.7 and 16.1, respectively; 63% of needle-stick exposures took place during the injection process. Five adverse reactions were reported, and each resulted from needle-stick exposure. The only systemic reaction followed an exposure to the original bacterin formulation of sonically ruptured M paratuberculosis in Freund incomplete adjuvant. The remaining reactions were to the current formulation of whole killed M paratuberculosis in mineral oil and ranged from a small nodule persisting for 4 to 6 months to painful inflammation of a finger persisting for 24 months. We anticipate an increase in incidence of these minimally debilitating injuries as the use and distribution of the bacterin expands. For hand wounds, we recommend conservative management. Surgical intervention should be considered if a granuloma persists and causes the patient functional difficulty.
Prediction of the Viscosity Radius and the Size Exclusion Chromatography Behavior of PEGylated Proteins (2004)

Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) was used to determine the viscosity radii of equivalent spheres for proteins covalently grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). The viscosity radius of such PEGylated proteins was found to depend on the molecular weight of the native protein and the total weight of grafted PEG but not on PEG molecular weight, or PEG-to-protein molar grafting ratio. Results suggest grafted PEG's form a dynamic layer over the surface of proteins. The geometry of this layer results in a surface area-to-volume ratio approximately equal to that of a randomly coiled PEG molecule of equivalent total molecular weight. Two simple methods are given to predict the viscosity radius of PEGylated proteins. Both methods accurately predicted (3% absolute error) the viscosity radii of various PEG-proteins produced using three native proteins, alpha-lactalbumin (14.2 kDa MW), beta-lactoglobulin dimer (37.4 kDa MW), and bovine serum albumin (66.7 kDa MW), three PEG reagents (2400, 5600, and 22500 MW), and molar grafting ratios of 0 to 8. Accurate viscosity radius prediction allows calculation of the distribution coefficient, K(av), for PEG-proteins in SEC. The suitability of a given SEC step for the analytical or preparative fractionation of different PEGylated protein mixtures may therefore be assessed mathematically. The methods and results offer insight to several factors related to the production, purification, and uses of PEGylated proteins.
4-(Cyclic Amidino)phenols - Preparation and Use In A Diamidine Synthesis (2000)

Abstract The Pinner synthesis was applied to the preparation of 4-(cyclic amidino)phenols in high yields from readily available 4-hydroxybenzimidic acid methyl ester hydrochloride and diaminoalkanes. An alternative attempt was made to convert 4-(hydroxy)thiobenzamide to 4-(1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5-hydroxy-2-pyrimidiyl)phenol. A procedure for the preparation of 3,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)- 1,2,4,5-tetrazine is reported here. The syntheses of 2,4-bis[4-(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy]pyrimidine and 2-chloro-4-[4-(4,5-dihydro-lH-imidazol-2-yl)- phenoxylpyrimidine exemplify the use of the title synthetic intermediates.
Dons in Decline: Who Will Look After the Cultural Capital? (1994)

Journal Article Dons in Decline: Who Will Look After the Cultural Capital? Get access The Decline of Donnish Dominion: The British Academic Professions in the Twentieth Century. By A. H. Halsey. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, 334 pp. ISBN 0-19-827376-2. £40.00. Oxford, Cambridge and the Changing Idea of the University: The Challenge to Donnish Domination. By Ted Tapper and Brian Salter. Milton Keynes: Society for Research into Higher Education and Open University Press, 1992. 262 pp. ISBN 0-335-15694-0. £40.00. NEVIL JOHNSON NEVIL JOHNSON Nuffield CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Twentieth Century British History, Volume 5, Issue 3, 1994, Pages 370–385, https://doi.org/10.1093/tcbh/5.3.370 Published: 01 January 1994
The Development of Chemically Amplified Positive- and Negative-tone Resists for DUV Lithography. (1994)

The development of robust, high resolution, positive- and negative-tone resists is necessary for the eventual implementation of DUV lithography in a manufacturing environment. Great progress has been made in the last two years in the area of chemically amplified resists. Environmentally stable, high resolution and high thermal resistance negative-tone resists have been commercially available for three years. Prototype DUV positive-tone resists are now achieving better environmental stability through the use of partially blocked poly(p-vinyl)phenol polymer and photoacid generators (PAG) based on organic onium salts. In this paper, our studies of various PAG structures in positive-tone DUV resists are reported. The PAG structure, M+X- was varied such that M+ was either triphenylsulfonium (TPS+) or diphenyliodonium (DPI+), and X- was trifluoromethanesulfonate (TFA-), toluenesulfonate (TSA-), camphorsulfonate(CSA-), and hexadecylsulfonate (HDSA-). The relative photospeed of these resists corresponded to the pKa of the photogenerated acid generated from the anion, TFA>TSA>HDSA>CSA. The TPSTSA -based resist showed the lowest diffusion coefficient, D=2.7 x 10-5μm2/s, as estimated from linewidth vs. postexposurebake(PEB) time plots. This paper also shows a unique advantage of onium salts in that they can show a maximum dissolution rate ratio, Rp/Rmin, at less blocked polymer levels, where Rp is the dissolution rate of the blocked polymer, and Rmin is the dissolution rate of the unexposed blocked polyrner/5% onium salt. The dissolution rate ratio was 250 using a 10% blocked polymer, which approaches the inhibition capability of PAC/Novolak systems. This work on PAG structural variation has led to the development of XP-9402 positive DUV resist, which is linear to 0.225μm on a 0.53NA excimer laser stepper at a photospeed of 46mJ/cm2. This resist shows good postexposure delay stability for up to two hours, without the use of a covercoat. The second part of this paper discusses our work on negative DUV resists, where low molecular weight poly(p-vinyl)phenol (PVP) provides highest resolution performance in negative DUV resists. The PVP-based resists suffer from microbridging in 0.26N TMAH developer. Finally, it is shown that with altered PVP, high resolution with negative DUV resists without microbridging in 0.26N TMAH developer can be achieved.
Efficient process for conversion of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural with ionic liquids (2009)

An efficient process for the dehydration of fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) in ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]) by using a sulfonic ion-exchange resin as catalyst was developed. A fructose conversion of 98.6% with a 5-HMF yield of 83.3% was achieved in 10 min reaction time at 80 °C. When the reaction temperature was increased to 120 °C, a 5-HMF yield of 82.2% was obtained in only 1 min for essentially 100% fructose conversion. No large decrease in 5-HMF selectivity occurred for initial fructose concentrations of up to 20 wt.%. Water content of up to 5% in the [BMIM][Cl] had no effect on the fructose conversion rate and 5-HMF yield, but water content higher than 5 wt.% led to lower conversions and yields. The ionic liquid and sulfonic ion-exchange resin could be recycled and exhibited constant activity for 7 successive trials. The proposed process of using an ionic liquid with ion-exchange resin catalyst greatly reduces the reaction time required over previous works for converting fructose to 5-HMF.
Inspiration, images and design: an investigation of designers' information gathering strategies (2008)

Computational tools should efficiently support, and even enhance, designers' creativity. As a ground for such developments, design cognition studies aim at describing designers' mental strategies within the design process. So far, most researches have been focused on the idea generation phases, e.g. sketching activity, which is explicit enough to be observed and described. However, the early stages of design remain incompletely understood, while the informational phase is identified as a crucial step of the design process. In this context, our objective is to identify and evaluate inspirational information used by designers before generating ideas, and to describe how inspirational information is used. In this article, we report a two-part study (interviews and experimental protocol) carried out with professional designers. The main outcomes demonstrate that traditional and electronic resources are not used in the same way by designers. We also show that information gathering strategies are strongly influenced by designers' preference.
A Universal and Robust Integrated Platform for the Scalable Production of Human Cardiomyocytes From Pluripotent Stem Cells (2015)

Recent advances in the generation of cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and the development of novel cell therapy strategies using hPSC-CMs (e.g., cardiac patches) in conjunction with promising preclinical and clinical studies, have raised new hopes for patients with end-stage cardiovascular disease, which remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. In this study, a simplified, scalable, robust, and integrated differentiation platform was developed to generate clinical grade hPSC-CMs as cell aggregates under chemically defined culture conditions. This approach resulted in approximately 100% beating CM spheroids with virtually pure (∼90%) functional cardiomyocytes in 10 days from multiple hPSC lines. This universal and robust bioprocessing platform can provide sufficient numbers of hPSC-CMs for companies developing regenerative medicine technologies to rescue, replace, and help repair damaged heart tissues and for pharmaceutical companies developing advanced biologics and drugs for regeneration of lost heart tissue using high-throughput technologies. It is believed that this technology can expedite clinical progress in these areas to achieve a meaningful impact on improving clinical outcomes, cost of care, and quality of life for those patients disabled and experiencing heart disease.
Secure outsourced garbled circuit evaluation for mobile devices (2015)

Garbled circuits provide a powerful tool for jointly evaluating functions while preserving the privacy of each user’s inputs. While recent research has made the use of this primitive more practical, such solutions generally assume that participants are symmetrically provisioned with massive computing resources. In reality, most people on the planet only have access to the comparatively sparse computational resources associated with their mobile phones, and those willing and able to pay for access to public cloud computing infrastructure cannot be assured that their data will remain unexposed. We address this problem by creating a new SFE protocol that allows mobile devices to securely outsource the majority of computation required to evaluate a garbled circuit. Our protocol, which builds on the most efficient garbled circuit evaluation techniques, includes a new outsourced oblivious transfer primitive that requires significantly less bandwidth and computation than standard OT primitives and outsourced input validation techniques that force the cloud to prove that it is executing all protocols correctly. After showing that our extensions are secure in the malicious model, we conduct an extensive performance evaluation for a number of standard SFE test applications as well as a privacy-preserving navigation application designed specifically for the mobile use-case. Our system reduces execution time by 98.92% and bandwidth by 99.95% for the edit distance problem of size 128 compared to non-outsourced evaluation. These results show that even the least capable devices are capable of using large garbled circuits for secure computation.
The Binding of UvrAB Proteins to Bubble and Loop Regions in Duplex DNA (1996)

Based on the binding of the UvrAB complex to a promoter region in transcription open complexes (Ahn, B., and Grossman, L. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 21453-21461) and the requirement of a single-stranded region for UvrAB helicase activity, we examined the binding of UvrAB proteins to synthetic bubble or loop regions in duplex DNA and the role of these regions in translocation of the UvrAB complex as well as incision of DNA damage. We found that the UvrAB complex was able to bind to bubble and loop regions with an affinity similar to that for damaged DNA in the absence of RNAP. The preferential recognition and incision of damaged sites by the UvrAB complex was observed downstream of the bubble or loop region in the strand complementary to the strand along which the UvrAB complex translocates. These results imply that the bubble region generated in duplex DNA by RNAP serves as a preferred entry site for the translocation of the UvrAB complex, and that preferential binding and unidirectional translocation of the UvrAB complex predetermine where incision is to occur.