gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Link Adaptation for MIMO OFDM Visible Light Communication Systems (2017)

In this paper, we investigate link adaptation for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) visible light communication (VLC) system. The proposed adaptive OFDM VLC system supports both repetition coding (RC) and spatial multiplexing (SM) as MIMO modes and allows spatial mode switching based on channel conditions. Regarding to the instantaneous signal-to-noise ratio for both RC and SM modes, the maximum constellation size that can be supported for each MIMO mode on each subcarrier is determined. The MIMO mode that gives the highest spectral efficiency (SE) is then selected. The proposed joint MIMO mode selection and bit loading scheme maximizes the SE while satisfying a target bit error rate. Our numerical results reveal that a peak data rate up to 18.3 Gb/sec can be achieved in a 16 × 16 MIMO setting using light emitting diodes with cut-off frequency of 10 MHz in typical indoor environments.
Evaluation of a spray-dried lacticin 3147 powder for the control of Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus in a range of food systems (2001)

The bioactive lacticin 3147 powder may find broad applications for control of Gram-positive pathogens/spoilage bacteria in a range of foods.
Proposal for real-time terahertz imaging system with palm-size terahertz camera and compact quantum cascade laser (2012)

This paper describes a real-time terahertz (THz) imaging system, using the combination of a palm-size THz camera with a compact quantum cascade laser (QCL). The THz camera contains a 320x240 microbolometer focal plane array which has nearly flat spectral response over a frequency range of ca. 1.5 to 100 THz, and operates at 30 Hz frame rate. The QCL is installed in compact cryogen-free cooler. A variety of QCLs are prepared which can cover frequency range from ca. 1.5 to 5 THz. THz images of biochemical samples will be presented, using the combined imaging system. Performance of the imaging system, such as signal-to-noise ratio of transmission-type THz microscope, is predicted.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosome: a Novel Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease (2011)

Cardiovascular disease is a major target for many experimental stem cell-based therapies and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used in these therapies. Transplantation of MSCs to treat cardiac disease has always been predicated on the hypothesis that these cells would engraft, differentiate and replace damaged cardiac tissues. However, experimental or clinical observations so far have failed to demonstrate a therapeutically relevant level of transplanted MSC engraftment or differentiation. Instead, they indicate that transplanted MSCs secrete factors to reduce tissue injury and/or enhance tissue repair. Here we review the evidences supporting this hypothesis including the recent identification of exosome as a therapeutic agent in MSC secretion. In particular, we will discuss the potential and practicality of using this relatively novel entity as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of cardiac disease, particularly acute myocardial infarction.
Your noise is my command (2011)

Touch sensing and computer vision have made human-computer interaction possible in environments where keyboards, mice, or other handheld implements are not available or desirable. However, the high cost of instrumenting environments limits the ubiquity of these technologies, particularly in home scenarios where cost constraints dominate installation decisions. Fortunately, home environments frequently offer a signal that is unique to locations and objects within the home: electromagnetic noise. In this work, we use the body as a receiving antenna and leverage this noise for gestural interaction. We demonstrate that it is possible to robustly recognize touched locations on an uninstrumented home wall using no specialized sensors. We conduct a series of experiments to explore the capabilities that this new sensing modality may offer. Specifically, we show robust classification of gestures such as the position of discrete touches around light switches, the particular light switch being touched, which appliances are touched, differentiation between hands, as well as continuous proximity of hand to the switch, among others. We close by discussing opportunities, limitations, and future work.
A new use of UWB radar to detecting victims and discriminating humans from animals (2016)

With the development of Ultra-Wideband (UWB) technology, UWB radar is widely used in disaster search and rescue operations and hostage rescue situations. Distinguishing between humans and animals is important during such searches. The aim of this paper is to study whether there are differences between humans and animals detected by UWB radar and whether these differences could be distinguished. In this paper, dogs are chosen in order to study their discrimination from humans. For the vital signs detected by UWB radar, which are mainly respiratory activity, dogs are similar to humans and cannot be distinguished from them by the detection methods now in use. Therefore, we propose a new method for distinguishing between humans and dogs by UWB radar detection based on a correlation coefficient of body micro vibration. The results show that there are differences between humans and dogs in correlation coefficients of body micro vibration and optimal correlation coefficients of body micro vibration. The method based on the correlation coefficient of body micro vibration could distinguish between humans and dogs.
Learning-based hypothesis fusion for robust catheter tracking in 2D X-ray fluoroscopy (2011)

Catheter tracking has become more and more important in recent interventional applications. It provides real time navigation for the physicians and can be used to control a motion compensated fluoro overlay reference image for other means of guidance, e.g. involving a 3D anatomical model. Tracking the coronary sinus (CS) catheter is effective to compensate respiratory and cardiac motion for 3D overlay navigation to assist positioning the ablation catheter in Atrial Fibrillation (Afib) treatments. During interventions, the CS catheter performs rapid motion and non-rigid deformation due to the beating heart and respiration. In this paper, we model the CS catheter as a set of electrodes. Novelly designed hypotheses generated by a number of learning-based detectors are fused. Robust hypothesis matching through a Bayesian framework is then used to select the best hypothesis for each frame. As a result, our tracking method achieves very high robustness against challenging scenarios such as low SNR, occlusion, foreshortening, non-rigid deformation, as well as the catheter moving in and out of ROI. Quantitative evaluation has been conducted on a database of 13221 frames from 1073 sequences. Our approach obtains 0.50mm median error and 0.76mm mean error. 97.8% of evaluated data have errors less than 2.00mm. The speed of our tracking algorithm reaches 5 frames-per-second on most data sets. Our approach is not limited to the catheters inside the CS but can be extended to track other types of catheters, such as ablation catheters or circumferential mapping catheters.
Noncoherent Ultra-Wideband (De)Modulation (2007)

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radios have received increasing attention recently for their potential to overlay legacy systems, their low-power consumption and low-complexity implementation. Because of the pulsed or duty-cycled nature of the ultra-short transmitted waveforms, timing synchronization and channel estimation pose major, and often conflicting, challenges and requirements. In order to address (or in fact bypass) both tasks, we design and test noncoherent UWB (de)modulation schemes, which remain operational even without timing and channel information. Relying on integrate-and-dump operations of what we term "dirty templates," we first derive a maximum likelihood (ML) optimal noncoherent UWB demodulator. We further establish a conditional ML demodulator with lower complexity. Analysis and simulations show that both can also be applied after (possibly imperfect) timing acquisition. Under the assumption of perfect timing, our noncoherent UWB scheme reduces to a differential UWB system. Our approach can also be adapted to a transmitted reference (TR) UWB system. We show that the resultant robust-to-timing TR (RTTR) approach considerably improves performance of the original TR system in the presence of timing offsets or residual timing acquisition errors
Unidirectional, second-order gradient microphone (1989)

A second-order gradient microphone with unidirectional characteristics is described. The microphone consists of two commercially available, first-order gradient electret microphones that are properly baffled and arranged in antiphase with their rotational axes in line. The output of one of these transducers is added to the delayed output of the other transducer. The unidirectional microphone shows a directional characteristic that is relatively frequency independent, has a 3-dB beamwidth of the main lobe of 76 deg, and exhibits a toroidal sidelobe 10–20 dB below the main lobe. After equalization, the frequency response of the microphone in its direction of maximum sensitivity is within ±3 dB between 0.3 and 3 kHz. The output of the microphone, including equalization and amplification, is −60 dB re: 1 V/Pa at 1 kHz, and the equivalent noise level for the above frequency range amounts to 28 dB linear or an A-weighted level of 20 dB.
Investigation of optimal THz band for corneal water content quantification (2021)

Terahertz imaging and sensing is currently being explored as a method for corneal disease detection as systems operating in this spectrum are sensitive to corneal-water content and thickness. The free-space wavelength of the low-frequency THz band is close to the typical human corneal central thickness (CCT, 540 μm) and the water content is distributed in an approximately linear gradient increasing from anterior (front) to posterior (back). The cornea presents as a lossy thin film at THz frequencies, thus the resolution of longitudinal modes via broadband reflectometry should allow for the extraction of thickness, corneal anterior water content (CAWC) and corneal posterior water content (CPWC) [1] . The implementation of this sensing technology requires identification of an optimal THz frequency band.
Synthesis of 3C–SiC nanowhiskers and emission of visible photoluminescence (2002)

Single-crystal 3C–SiC nanowhiskers with [111] axial orientation have been synthesized directly on an Si substrate with a large area and high surface density. The nanowhiskers were grown into the Si substrate like a foundation pile by using an Fe film as a catalyst in a microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system. Most of the whiskers were cylinder shaped with a circular cross section, while some of the whiskers had cross sections in the shapes of squares, rectangles, triangles, and hexagons. The nanowhiskers possessed visible photoluminescence at room temperature and blueshift effect depending on the whisker diameter. These results offer interesting prospects for the fabrication of an Si-based light emitter through the visible wavelength regions. The synthesis process should allow for the development of nanowhisker devices integrated into Si technology.
Expression ratio statistics and its applications to microarray data analysis (2000)

Microarray technology makes it possible to monitor expression levels of thousands of genes simultaneously during single or multiple experiments. Routinely, in order to analyze gene expressions level quantitatively, two fluorescent-labeled RNAs are hybridized to an array of cDNA probes on a glass slide. Ratios of gene expression levels arising from two co-hybridized samples are obtained through image segmentation and signal detection methods. During the past three years, we have developed a gene expression analysis system in which ratio statistics have been applied to expression analysis, and a ratio confidence interval has been established to identify ratio outliers. By using local background subtraction and weak target elimination, we have been able to assume that the fluorescent background level does not interfere with ratio measurement; however, experience suggests that ratios derived from either weak targets or in regions of high local background possess greater variation than those from strong targets. This paper proposes a new interaction model between fluorescent background and hybridization signals in which ratio statistics are numerically evaluated and a self-adjusting confidence interval is employed. The self-adjusting confidence interval, which automatically adapts under different signal-to-background ratios, provides a better criterion to further interrogate weak expression levels.
Three-dimensional Modeling of Middle Ear Biomechanics and Its Applications (2002)

Accurate FE modeling, incorporating both morphometric and interferometric performance data, predicted both normal and pathologic mechanical performance of the human ossicular chain.
Production of Biofuels from Cellulose and Corn Stover Using Alkylphenol Solvents (2011)

Alkylphenol solvents allow a more effective production of biofuels from corn stover by enabling selective extraction and hydrogenation of levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone, and by increasing the final concentration of GVL through successive extraction/hydrogenation steps. The versatility of alkylphenol solvents may lead to their use in other biomass conversion processes utilizing mineral acids for biomass deconstruction. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Method for drilling and treating subterranean formations using a low fluid loss agent. [for reducing permeability of oil-containing subterranean formation] (1976)

Well drilling, completion and workover operations, hydraulic fracturing, acidizing, and other well treating operations are improved by the addition to the drilling or treating fluid of an oil-soluble, water-insoluble low fluid loss agent comprising a particulated, homogeneous solid solution of (1) wax; (2) an oil-soluble polyhydroxy higher fatty acid partial ester surface-active agent; and (3) a water-dispersible surface-active agent such as polyoxyethylene alkyl phenol, a polyethylene glycol higher fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene polyhydroxy higher fatty acid ester, a polyoxyethylene tertiary fatty amine, or a polyoxyethylene fatty amide condensate. The agent can optionally include small amounts of a polymeric material and/or a higher fatty alcohol. 8 claims.
Absorption of copper(II) by creosote bush (<i>Larrea tridentata</i>): Use of atomic and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (2001)

Abstract Larrea tridentata (creosote bush), a common North American native desert shrub, exhibits the ability to take up copper(II) ions rapidly from solution. Following hydroponic studies, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency method 200.3 was used to digest the plant samples, and flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) was used to determine the amount of copper taken up in different parts of the plant. The amount of copper(II) found within the roots, stems, and leaves was 13.8, 1.1, and 0.6 mg/g, respectively, after the creosote bush was exposed to a 63.5-ppm copper(II) solution for 48 h. When the plant was exposed to a 635-ppm copper(II) solution, the roots, stems, and leaves contained 35.0, 10.5, and 3.8 mg/g, respectively. In addition to FAAS analysis, x-ray microfluorescence (XRMF) analysis of the plant samples provided further confirmation of copper absorption by the various plant parts. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) elucidated the oxidation state of the copper absorbed by the plants. The copper(II) absorbed from solution remained as copper(II) bound to oxygen-containing ligands within the plant samples. The results of this study indicate that creosote bush may provide a useful and novel method of removing copper(II) from contaminated soils in an environmentally friendly manner.
Ultraviolet dosimetry using thermoluminescence of semiconductor-doped Vycor glass (1995)

Radiation dosimetry in the ultraviolet is described using the intrinsic ultraviolet response of a novel thermoluminescent semiconductor-doped Vycor glass. A linear response to 185 nm light was measured over the range 0.1 to 1000 μJ/cm2. The long wavelength limit of the sensitivity of the glass is ∼290 nm, indicating the utility of the glass as an effective solar blind dosimeter.
Development and Validation of the Clinician Reported and Patient Reported Photonumeric Scales to Assess Buttocks Cellulite Severity (2020)

The CR-PCSS and PR-PCSS reliably assess cellulite severity of the buttocks and can detect a clinically meaningful change after treatment for cellulite.
Real time object scanning using a mobile phone and cloud-based visual search engine (2013)

Computer vision and human-powered services can provide blind people access to visual information in the world around them, but their efficacy is dependent on high-quality photo inputs. Blind people often have difficulty capturing the information necessary for these applications to work because they cannot see what they are taking a picture of. In this paper, we present Scan Search, a mobile application that offers a new way for blind people to take high-quality photos to support recognition tasks. To support realtime scanning of objects, we developed a key frame extraction algorithm that automatically retrieves high-quality frames from continuous camera video stream of mobile phones. Those key frames are streamed to a cloud-based recognition engine that identifies the most significant object inside the picture. This way, blind users can scan for objects of interest and hear potential results in real time. We also present a study exploring the tradeoffs in how many photos are sent, and conduct a user study with 8 blind participants that compares Scan Search with a standard photo-snapping interface. Our results show that Scan Search allows users to capture objects of interest more efficiently and is preferred by users to the standard interface.
BrowseRank (2008)

This paper proposes a new method for computing page importance, referred to as BrowseRank. The conventional approach to compute page importance is to exploit the link graph of the web and to build a model based on that graph. For instance, PageRank is such an algorithm, which employs a discrete-time Markov process as the model. Unfortunately, the link graph might be incomplete and inaccurate with respect to data for determining page importance, because links can be easily added and deleted by web content creators. In this paper, we propose computing page importance by using a 'user browsing graph' created from user behavior data. In this graph, vertices represent pages and directed edges represent transitions between pages in the users' web browsing history. Furthermore, the lengths of staying time spent on the pages by users are also included. The user browsing graph is more reliable than the link graph for inferring page importance. This paper further proposes using the continuous-time Markov process on the user browsing graph as a model and computing the stationary probability distribution of the process as page importance. An efficient algorithm for this computation has also been devised. In this way, we can leverage hundreds of millions of users' implicit voting on page importance. Experimental results show that BrowseRank indeed outperforms the baseline methods such as PageRank and TrustRank in several tasks.
Generation and Characterization of Function-blocking Anti-ectodysplasin A (EDA) Monoclonal Antibodies That Induce Ectodermal Dysplasia (2014)

Development of ectodermal appendages, such as hair, teeth, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and mammary glands, requires the action of the TNF family ligand ectodysplasin A (EDA). Mutations of the X-linked EDA gene cause reduction or absence of many ectodermal appendages and have been identified as a cause of ectodermal dysplasia in humans, mice, dogs, and cattle. We have generated blocking antibodies, raised in Eda-deficient mice, against the conserved, receptor-binding domain of EDA. These antibodies recognize epitopes overlapping the receptor-binding site and prevent EDA from binding and activating EDAR at close to stoichiometric ratios in in vitro binding and activity assays. The antibodies block EDA1 and EDA2 of both mammalian and avian origin and, in vivo, suppress the ability of recombinant Fc-EDA1 to rescue ectodermal dysplasia in Eda-deficient Tabby mice. Moreover, administration of EDA blocking antibodies to pregnant wild type mice induced in developing wild type fetuses a marked and permanent ectodermal dysplasia. These function-blocking anti-EDA antibodies with wide cross-species reactivity will enable study of the developmental and postdevelopmental roles of EDA in a variety of organisms and open the route to therapeutic intervention in conditions in which EDA may be implicated.
Nanoparticle decoration of bacterial cellulose fibres : a method to obtain porous high-surface area ultra-flexible ferromagnertic materials (2010)

Nanoparticle decoration of bacterial cellulose fibres : a method to obtain porous high-surface area ultra-flexible ferromagnertic materials
Helix Mimetics as Inhibitors of the Interaction of the Estrogen Receptor with Coactivator Peptides (2007)

The short and curlies: A new α-helix mimetic based on a pyridylpyridone scaffold has been developed to bind to the estrogen receptor (ER) by mimicking the key leucine side chains of coactivator LXXLL boxes (L=leucine, X=any amino acid). These inhibitors compete with coactivator peptides for the surface of the ER and act as small-molecule inhibitors of the ER–coactivator interaction. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2007/z700657_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Even-order harmonic cancellation for off-quadrature biased Mach-Zehnder modulator with improved RF metrics using dual wavelength inputs and dual outputs (2009)

We present a technique using a dual-output Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM) with two wavelength inputs, one operating at low-bias and the other operating at high-bias, in order to cancel unwanted even-order harmonics in analog optical links. By using a dual-output MZM, this technique allows for two suppressed optical carriers to be transmitted to the receiver. Combined with optical amplification and balanced differential detection, the RF power of the fundamental is increased by 2 dB while the even-order harmonic is reduced by 47 dB, simultaneously. The RF noise figure and third-order spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR(3)) are improved by 5.4 dB and 3.6 dB, respectively. Using a wavelength sensitive, low V(pi) MZM allows the two wavelengths to be within 5.5 nm of each other for a frequency band from 10 MHz to 100 MHz and 10 nm for 1 GHz.
Rapid, differential microthermometry using Zeeman interferometry (1989)

Zeeman interferometry, based on the two-frequency Zeeman effect laser, can be used for simple, noncontact differential thermometry. The thermometry is differential in both space and time. Small (0.73 μℓ ) laser-heated volumes were monitored with a Zeeman interferometer. Heating rates varied over six orders of magnitude from 180 μK/s to 330 K/s. Temporal resolution was 10 μs. Measured temperatures and measured rates of heating were compared with theory for slowly and rapidly heated samples, respectively.