gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-situ Damage Precursor Detection in Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Mechanochemical Materials (2018)

Optical responses of mechanophore (stress-responsive materials) in fiber reinforced polymer composites under mechanical loads were characterized. A new experimental system was developed to capture in situ mechanophore activation by recording ultraviolet (UV) excited fluorescence during uniaxial load tests. Anthracene- based mechanophore, dimeric 9-anthracene carboxylic acid (Di-AC) was synthesized and incorporated into an epoxy-based thermoset successfully. This Di-AC embedded epoxy mixture was applied to glass fiber fabric to fabricate mechanophore embedded glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites through hand-layup process. Quasistatic and cyclic loads were performed to investigate the effect of different types of loads on mechanophore activation. The results indicated that mechanophore activation occurred at the beginning of the test during the quasistatic loading test and continued linearly before yield. Microcracks were formed in the matrix prior to yield, and UV intensity of the mechanophore exhibited nonlinear response. During fatigue tests, the intensity of fluorescence increased after a certain number of cycles. Microcracks were initiated around the middle stage of the fatigue test, the intensity also showed a nonlinear response. The potential of anthracene-based mechanophore for early damage detection in GFRP under complex loading was observed.
A Self Wavelength Tracking Method for a Cost Effective WDM-PON with Tunable Lasers (2010)

We demonstrate a self wavelength tracking method for tunable lasers in a WDM-PON. By measuring the back-scattered power by a feeder fiber, we identified and tracked the allocated wavelength of the tunable laser.
Use of combinatorial genetic libraries to humanize N-linked glycosylation in the yeast<i>Pichia</i><i>pastoris</i> (2003)

The secretory pathway of Pichia pastoris was genetically re-engineered to perform sequential glycosylation reactions that mimic early processing of N-glycans in humans and other higher mammals. After eliminating nonhuman glycosylation by deleting the initiating alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase gene from P. pastoris, several combinatorial genetic libraries were constructed to localize active alpha-1,2-mannosidase and human beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I (GnTI) in the secretory pathway. First, >32 N-terminal leader sequences of fungal type II membrane proteins were cloned to generate a leader library. Two additional libraries encoding catalytic domains of alpha-1,2-mannosidases and GnTI from mammals, insects, amphibians, worms, and fungi were cloned to generate catalytic domain libraries. In-frame fusions of the respective leader and catalytic domain libraries resulted in several hundred chimeric fusions of fungal targeting domains and catalytic domains. Although the majority of strains transformed with the mannosidase/leader library displayed only modest in vivo [i.e., low levels of mannose (Man)(5)-(GlcNAc)(2)] activity, we were able to isolate several yeast strains that produce almost homogeneous N-glycans of the (Man)(5)-(GlcNAc)(2) type. Transformation of these strains with a UDP-GlcNAc transporter and screening of a GnTI leader fusion library allowed for the isolation of strains that produce GlcNAc-(Man)(5)-(GlcNAc)(2) in high yield. Recombinant expression of a human reporter protein in these engineered strains led to the formation of a glycoprotein with GlcNAc-(Man)(5)-(GlcNAc)(2) as the primary N-glycan. Here we report a yeast able to synthesize hybrid glycans in high yield and open the door for engineering yeast to perform complex human-like glycosylation.
Recent Progress on Multi-Core Fiber and Few-Mode Fiber (2013)

This paper reviews research activities concerning multi-core fiber, few-mode fiber and few-mode multi-core fiber. The characteristic of the 12-core fiber that was used for the first 1-Pb/s/fiber transmission experiments is presented.
TERAHERTZ INTERFEROMETRIC AND SYNTHETIC APERTURE IMAGING (2007)

Experimental results of homodyne terahertz interferometric 1-D and 2-D imaging are presented. The reconstructed images of a point source are in a good agreement with theoretical predictions. The performance of an N element detector array is imitated by only one detector placed at N positions. Continuous waves at 0.25-0.3 THz are used to detect a metal object behind a barrier. 1-D images of a C-4 sample have been obtained at several terahertz frequencies. Focusing issues of 2-D imaging have been demonstrated. The terahertz interferometric imaging method can be used in defense and security applications to detect concealed weapons, explosives as well as chemical and biological agents.
Geiger-Mode Avalanche Photodiodes for Laser Communications and Laser Radar (2006)

Arrays of photon-counting avalanche photodiodes (APDs) enable laser-communications and laser-radar receivers with unprecedented sensitivity at 1.06-mum wavelength. Near room temperature, the best detectors have: 50% photon detection efficiency, 30-kHz dark count rate, and a 1-mus reset time to avoid after-pulsing. Arrays with 64 elements were fabricated in the InGaAsP/InP materials system and were bump-bonded to a custom CMOS integrated circuit (IC) with a novel nonblocking architecture to continuously report both time-of-arrival for incoming photons as well as their spatial location on the array. Larger arrays with 1024 elements were mated to custom read-out ICs that report time and location data at lower duty cycles (typically 1-5%) and are appropriate for pulsed laser-radar systems
Endogenous peptide defense signals in <i>Arabidopsis</i> differentially amplify signaling for the innate immune response (2007)

AtPep1, a 23-aa peptide encoded by Arabidopsis PROPEP1, a member of a small, six-member gene family, activates expression of the defense gene PDF1.2 (encoding defensin) and its own precursor gene, PROPEP1, through the jasmonate/ethylene signaling pathway, mediated by a cell-surface receptor, PEPR1. Overexpression of two family members, PROPEP1 and PROPEP2, enhances resistance of Arabidopsis plants against the pathogen Pythium irregulare, and PROPEP2 and PROPEP3 are expressed at highly elevated levels in Arabidopsis in response to pathogen infections and to several pathogen-associated molecules (general elicitors). Here, we report that PDF1.2, PR-1 (pathogenesis protein), and PROPEP genes were differentially expressed in the leaves of intact plants sprayed with methyl jasmonate and methyl salicylate and in excised leaves supplied through cut petioles with peptides derived from the C terminus of each of the encoded proteins. The expression of PDF1.2 and PR-1 elicited by the peptides was blocked in mutant plants deficient in the jasmonate/ethylene and salicylate pathways, and in wild-type plants by treatment with diphenylene iodonium chloride, an inhibitor of hydrogen peroxide production. PROPEP1, PROPEP 2, and PROPEP3 genes appear to have roles in a feedback loop that amplifies defense signaling pathways initiated by pathogens.
Efficient transcranial ultrasound delivery via excitation of Lamb waves (2017)

Transcranial focused ultrasound is being researched as a noninvasive means of ablating brain tumors and of increasing delivery of cancer therapeutics through the blood-brain barrier. However, the current techniques are implemented by means of a large-aperture spherical transducer. The geometric focus of these transducers limits the treatment envelope to the center of the brain, whereas the majority of cancers, especially metastases, occur along the periphery of the brain. In addition, these transducers create waves that impinge perpendicularly on the skull, which is inefficient. A normal incident transmission also sets up standing waves in the skull, which along with high attenuation leads to excess heating and a requirement for active cooling. We have developed an array of ultrasound wedge transducers capable of efficiently delivering focused ultrasound energy into the brain with minimal heating of the skull and the ability to address regions in the brain that are close to or far from the skull.
NF-IL6 and AP-1 cooperatively modulate the activation of the TSG-6 gene by tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-1. (1994)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) activate transcription of the TSG-6 gene in normal human fibroblasts through a promoter region (-165 to -58) that encompasses an AP-1 and a NF-IL6 site. We show by deletion analysis and substitution mutagenesis that both sites are necessary for activation by TNF-alpha. Activation by IL-1 requires the NF-IL6 site and is enhanced by the AP-1 site. These results suggest that the NF-IL6 and AP-1 family transcription factors functionally cooperate to mediate TNF-alpha and IL-1 signals. Consistent with this possibility, IL-1 and TNF-alpha markedly increase the binding of Fos and Jun to the AP-1 site, and NF-IL6 activates the native TSG-6 promoter. Activation by NF-IL6 requires an intact NF-IL6 site and is modulated by the ratio of activator to inhibitor NF-IL6 isoforms that are translated from different in-frame AUGs. However, the inhibitor isoform can also bind to the AP-1 site and repress AP-1 site-mediated transcription. The finding that the inhibitor isoform antagonizes activation of the native TSG-6 promoter by IL-1 and TNF-alpha suggests that NF-IL6 has a physiologic role in these cytokine responses. Thus, the functionally distinct NF-IL6 isoforms cooperate with Fos and Jun to positively and negatively regulate the native TSG-6 promoter by TNF-alpha and IL-1.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Olefin Metathesis in Natural Product Synthesis. Chiral Metal‐Based Complexes that Deliver High Enantioselectivity and More (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
1.5 mu m phase-shift-controlled distributed feedback wavelength tunable optical filter (1992)

A 1.5- mu m phase-shift-controlled distributed feedback wavelength tunable optical filter is studied. This wavelength tunable optical filter controls the transmissivity (gain) and the transmission wavelength independently by current injection. During wavelength tuning, the submode suppression ratio is large and a wavelength tuning range as wide as 120 GHz (9.5 AA) with 24.5-dB constant gain is achieved. An 18-channel wavelength selection with less than -10 dB crosstalk is expected with this filter. The effect of the light input, whose wavelength is in the sidelobe, on the transmission spectrum shape is shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Diode-pumped 275-watt average power Nd:YAG slab laser (1992)

We have developed and tested stackable microchannel cooled laser bar diode pump packages suitable for direct face pumping of slab lasers at high duty factor. A stack of 41 diode packages gives a pump array of 13.5 cm<SUP>2</SUP> and produces a peak power of 3750 watts and an average power of 1000 watts, for an average irradiance of 75 watts/cm<SUP>2</SUP>. A high average power, total internal reflection face pumped Nd:YAG laser using 80 diode packages has been constructed. Average power of 275 watts is obtained at 2.5 kHz pulse repetition rates and 100 microsecond current pulse widths.
The design of freeform surface lens for LED lighting system (2013)

LED has many advantages, such as high luminous efficiency, small size, low-voltage DC drive, etc. so it has been widely used in many lighting situations. But in certain circumstances, such as uniform illumination requirements in the micro-display projection system, because LED has an analogous Lambertian radiation distribution resulting in its non-uniform light intensity, the secondary optical design should be done to achieve the specific illumination requirements. In this paper, a freeform surface lens is designed to obtain a square area with uniform illumination on the target plane with LED: Firstly, based on the law of conservation of energy, the source-target light energy mapping relationship between the incident plane and the target plane is achieved. Secondly, according to the vector form of Snell’s law, the differential equations of the freeform surface are established. Finally, in order to solve the problem of surface discontinuity during the progress of designing the lens, the process of solving the differential equations is described in detail and the integrability condition is introduced to modify and adjust the points’ position of freeform surface, thus reducing the errors accumulating during the progress of numerical calculation and improving the continuity of the freeform surface. By simulation, the continuity of the freeform surface and the uniform illumination improve a lot, so it is validated that the results meet the requirements and the design method using integrability condition can improve the continuity of the surface and lighting uniformity of the lighting system.
A Diaminopropane-Appended Metal–Organic Framework Enabling Efficient CO<sub>2</sub> Capture from Coal Flue Gas via a Mixed Adsorption Mechanism (2017)

A new diamine-functionalized metal-organic framework comprised of 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane (dmpn) appended to the Mg<sup>2+</sup> sites lining the channels of Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) (dobpdc<sup>4-</sup> = 4,4'-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate) is characterized for the removal of CO<sub>2</sub> from the flue gas emissions of coal-fired power plants. Unique to members of this promising class of adsorbents, dmpn-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) displays facile step-shaped adsorption of CO<sub>2</sub> from coal flue gas at 40 °C and near complete CO<sub>2</sub> desorption upon heating to 100 °C, enabling a high CO<sub>2</sub> working capacity (2.42 mmol/g, 9.1 wt %) with a modest 60 °C temperature swing. Evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters of adsorption for dmpn-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) suggests that the narrow temperature swing of its CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption steps is due to the high magnitude of its differential enthalpy of adsorption (Δh<sub>ads</sub> = -73 ± 1 kJ/mol), with a larger than expected entropic penalty for CO<sub>2</sub> adsorption (Δs<sub>ads</sub> = -204 ± 4 J/mol·K) positioning the step in the optimal range for carbon capture from coal flue gas. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis and breakthrough experiments indicate that, in contrast to many adsorbents, dmpn-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) captures CO<sub>2</sub> effectively in the presence of water and can be subjected to 1000 humid adsorption/desorption cycles with minimal degradation. Solid-state <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction structures of the Zn analogue reveal that this material adsorbs CO<sub>2</sub> via formation of both ammonium carbamates and carbamic acid pairs, the latter of which are crystallographically verified for the first time in a porous material. Taken together, these properties render dmpn-Mg<sub>2</sub>(dobpdc) one of the most promising adsorbents for carbon capture applications.
Analysis and Prediction of Spatiotemporal Impact of Traffic Incidents for Better Mobility and Safety inTransportation Systems (2015)

The goal of this research is to develop a machine learning framework to predict the spatiotemporal impact of traffic accidents on the upstream traffic and surrounding region. The main objective of the framework is, given a road accident, to forecast when and how the travel-time delay will occur on transportation network. Towards this end, the authors have developed a Dynamic Topology-aware Temporal (DTT) machine learning algorithm that learns the behavior of traffic in both normal conditions and during accidents from the historical traffic sensor datasets. This research exploits four years of real-world Los Angeles traffic sensor data and California Highway Patrol (CHP) accidents logs collected from Regional Integration of Intelligent Transportation Systems (RIITS) under Archived Traffic Data Management System (ADMS) project.
Dissecting Structural and Functional Diversity of the Lantibiotic Mersacidin (2009)

Mersacidin is a tetracyclic lantibiotic with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens. To probe the specificity of the biosynthetic pathway of mersacidin and obtain analogs with improved antibacterial activity, an efficient system for generating variants of this lantibiotic was developed. A saturation mutagenesis library of the residues of mersacidin not involved in cycle formation was constructed and used to validate this system. Mersacidin analogs were obtained in good yield in approximately 35% of the cases, producing a collection of 82 new compounds. This system was also used for the production of deletion and insertion mutants of mersacidin. The outcome of these studies suggests that this system can be extended to produce mersacidin variants with multiple changes that will allow a full investigation of the potential use of modified mersacidins as therapeutic agents.
The need for access point power saving in solar powered WLAN mesh networks (2008)

Wireless LAN mesh networks are now being used to deploy Wi-Fi coverage in a wide variety of outdoor applications. In these types of networks, conventional WLAN mesh nodes must be operated using continuous electrical power connections. This requirement may often be very expensive, especially when the network includes expansive outdoor wireless coverage areas. An alternative is to operate some of the WLAN mesh nodes using an energy sustainable source such as solar or wind power. This eliminates the need for a fixed power connection, making the node truly tetherless and allowing more flexibility in node positioning. In this article we first review the background and recent activities in the area of energy sustainable WLAN mesh networks. These types of networks are provisioned geographically, in that the assigned resources are a function of the geographic region where the network is to be deployed. The theory behind this is briefly described using some sample North American locations. We then discuss the current shortcomings of IEEE 802.1 1 when used in these types of networks. IEEE 802.11 requires that the access point be continuously powered, and this requirement is a major barrier to deploying cost-effective sustainable energy networks in certain applications. Recent work is then reviewed that has begun to address the changes that would be required to the standard to better support these types of networks.
Broad-side delay test (1994)

A broad-side delay test is a form of a scan-based delay test, where the first vector of the pair is scanned into the chain and the second vector of the pair is the combinational circuit's response to this first vector. This delay test form is called "broad-side" since the second vector of the delay test pair is provided in a broad-side fashion, namely through the logic. This paper concentrates on several issues concerning broad-side delay test. It analyzes the effectiveness of broad-side delay test; shows how to compute broad-side delay test vectors; shows how to generate broad-side delay test vectors using existing tools that were aimed at stuck-at faults; shows how to compute the detection probability of a transition fault using broad-side pseudo-random patterns; shows the results of experiments conducted on the ISCAS sequential benchmarks; and discusses some concerns of the broad-side delay test strategy. It is shown that the broad-side method is inferior to the skewed-load method, which is another form of scan-based transition test. There is, however, a merit in combining the skewed-load method with the broad-side method. This combined method will achieve a higher transition fault coverage than each individual method alone.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Real-time detection of video watermark on Intel architecture</title> (2000)

This work discusses implementation issues of real-time video/image/signal processing applications on personal computers. We give a list of performance optimization guidelines and demonstrate some examples by optimizing our video watermark detection scheme. In many applications, watermarking technology must have (1) the ability to be implemented at low cost, (2) robustness against common image processing operations, and (3) resilience against purely malicious attacks. Many works, including ours, have demonstrated watermark robustness and invisibility. This work demonstrates that, after some performance optimizations, we can decode a 704 X 480 MPEG-2 video and detect the watermarks, both in software, and display the decoded video frames in real-time on an Intel Pentium<SUP>R</SUP> III 500 MHz system. Currently, there is only 10.5% overhead of the watermark detection over video decoding. The cost of our optimized implementation is 43% lower than that of the unoptimized version. The optimization techniques demonstrated in this work can be applied to other watermarking schemes and other video/image/signal processing applications.
ON INTRINSIC MODE FUNCTION (2010)

Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) has been widely used to analyze non-stationary and nonlinear signal by decomposing data into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a trend function through sifting processes. For lack of a firm mathematical foundation, the implementation of EMD is still empirical and ad hoc. In this paper, we prove mathematically that EMD, as practiced now, only gives an approximation to the true envelope. As a result, there is a potential conflict between the strict definition of IMF and its empirical implementation through natural cubic spline. It is found that the amplitude of IMF is closely connected with the interpolation function defining the upper and lower envelopes: adopting the cubic spline function, the upper (lower) envelope of the resulting IMF is proved to be a unitary cubic spline line as long as the extrema are sparsely distributed compared with the sampling data. Furthermore, when natural spline boundary condition is adopted, the unitary cubic spline line degenerates into a straight line. Unless the amplitude of the IMF is a strictly monotonic function, the slope of the straight line will be zero. It explains why the amplitude of IMF tends to be a constant with the number of sifting increasing ad infinitum. Therefore, to get physically meaningful IMFs the sifting times for each IMF should be kept low as in the practice of EMD. Strictly speaking, the resolution of these difficulties should be either to change the EMD implementation method and eschew the spline, or to define the stoppage criterion more objectively and leniently. Short of the full resolution of the conflict, we should realize that the EMD as implemented now yields an approximation with respect to cubic spline basis. We further concluded that a fixed low number of iterations would be the best option at this time, for it delivers the best approximation.
Demonstration of droplet-based microfluidics (2004)

We have used the thermal Marangoni effect to optically manipulate small droplets. We have observed droplet fusion and subsequent rapid mixing (<30ms). We have used this technique to perform a biologically relevant, absorption-based assay.
A Tissue Systems Pathology Assay for High-Risk Barrett's Esophagus (2016)

The test has the potential to improve upon histologic analysis as an objective method to risk stratify Barrett's esophagus patients. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(6); 958-68. ©2016 AACR.