gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed terahertz reflection three-dimensional imaging using beam steering (2015)

High-speed terahertz (THz) reflection three-dimensional (3D) imaging is demonstrated using electronically-controlled optical sampling (ECOPS) and beam steering. ECOPS measurement is used for scanning an axial range of 7.8 mm in free space at 1 kHz scan rate while a transverse range of 100 × 100 mm(2) is scanned using beam steering instead of moving an imaging target. Telecentric f-θ lenses with axial and non-axial symmetry have been developed for beam steering. It is experimentally demonstrated that the non-axially symmetric lens has better characteristics than the axially symmetric lens. The total scan time depends on the number of points in a transverse range. For example, it takes 40 s for 200 × 200 points and 10 s for 100 × 100 points. To demonstrate the application of the imaging technique to nondestructive testing, THz 3D tomographic images of a glass fiber reinforced polymer sample with artificial internal defects have been acquired using the lenses for comparison.
Unified imaging of multichannel seismic data: Combining traveltime inversion and prestack depth migration (2008)

Abstract Imaging 2D multichannel land seismic data can be accomplished effectively by a combination of traveltime inversion and prestack depth migration (PSDM), referred to as unified imaging. Unified imaging begins by inverting the direct-arrival times to estimate a velocity model that is used in static corrections and stacking velocity analysis. The interval velocity model (from stacking velocities) is used for PSDM. The stacked data and the PSDM image are interpreted for common horizons, and the corresponding wide-aperture reflections are identified in the shot gathers. Using the interval velocity model, the stack interpretations are inverted as zero-offset reflections to constrain the corresponding interfaces in depth; the interval velocity model remains stationary. We define a coefficient of congruence j that measures the discrepancy between horizons from the PSDM image andtheir counterparts from the zero-offset inversion. A value of unity for j implies that the interpreted and inverted horizons are consistent to within the interpretational uncertainties, and the unified imaging is said to have converged. For j greater than unity, the interval velocity model and the horizon depths are updated by jointly inverting the direct arrivals with the zero-offset and wide-aperture reflections. The updated interval velocity model is used again for both PSDM and a zero-offset inversion. Interpretations of the new PSDM image are the updated horizon depths. The unified imaging is applied to seismic data from the Naga Thrust and Fold Belt in India. Wide-aperture and zero-offset data from three geologically significant horizons are used. Three runs of joint inversion and PSDM are required in a cyclic manner for j to converge to unity. A joint interpretation of the final velocity model and depth image reveals the presence of a triangle zone that could be promising for exploration.
Synthetic WSe <sub>2</sub> monolayers with high photoluminescence quantum yield (2019)

In recent years, there have been tremendous advancements in the growth of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, obtaining high photoluminescence quantum yield (PL QY), which is the key figure of merit for optoelectronics, is still challenging in the grown monolayers. Specifically, the as-grown monolayers often exhibit lower PL QY than their mechanically exfoliated counterparts. In this work, we demonstrate synthetic tungsten diselenide (WSe<sub>2</sub>) monolayers with PL QY exceeding that of exfoliated crystals by over an order of magnitude. PL QY of ~60% is obtained in monolayer films grown by CVD, which is the highest reported value to date for WSe<sub>2</sub> prepared by any technique. The high optoelectronic quality is enabled by the combination of optimizing growth conditions via tuning the halide promoter ratio, and introducing a simple substrate decoupling method via solvent evaporation, which also mechanically relaxes the grown films. The achievement of scalable WSe<sub>2</sub> with high PL QY could potentially enable the emergence of technologically relevant devices at the atomically thin limit.
Facile preparation of a long-term durable nano- and micro-structured polymer blend membrane for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (2016)

A blend of sulfonated poly(ether sulfone)s with different sulfonation degree (10–40%) shows unique ionic channels in nanoscale and heterogeneity in microscale.
In-ear Biosignal Recording System (2016)

In this work, we present a low-cost and light-weight wearable sensing system that can monitor bioelectrical signals generated by electrically active tissues across the brain, the eyes, and the facial muscles from inside human ears. Our work presents two key aspects of the sensing, which include the construction of electrodes and the extraction of these biosignals using a supervised non-negative matrix factorization learning algorithm. To illustrate the usefulness of the system, we developed an autonomous sleep staging system using the output of our proposed in-ear sensing system. We prototyped the device and evaluated its sleep stage classification performance on 8 participants for a period of 1 month. With 94% accuracy on average, the evaluation results show that our wearable sensing system is promising to monitor brain, eyes, and facial muscle signals with reasonable fidelity from human ear canals.
Automated Detection and Type Classification of Central Venous Catheters\n in Chest X-Rays (2019)

Central venous catheters (CVCs) are commonly used in critical care settings\nfor monitoring body functions and administering medications. They are often\ndescribed in radiology reports by referring to their presence, identity and\nplacement. In this paper, we address the problem of automatic detection of\ntheir presence and identity through automated segmentation using deep learning\nnetworks and classification based on their intersection with previously learned\nshape priors from clinician annotations of CVCs. The results not only\noutperform existing methods of catheter detection achieving 85.2% accuracy at\n91.6% precision, but also enable high precision (95.2%) classification of\ncatheter types on a large dataset of over 10,000 chest X-rays, presenting a\nrobust and practical solution to this problem.\n
Sensitivity of Avalanche Photodetector Receivers for Long-Wavelength Optical Communications (1982)

We consider, in detail, the potential improvement in receiver sensitivity that can be realized using an avalanche photodiode (APD) rather than the conventional p-i-n diode in long-wavelength optical communications systems. Numerical computations are used to determine optimum gains and receiver sensitivities for several values of ionization coefficient ratios and dark currents. Sensitivities are considered for transmission bit rates of 45 Mb/s, 90 Mb/s, and 274 Mb/s — values characteristic of present long-wavelength systems. We find that general relationships and scaling laws between receiver sensitivity and the other critical parameters can be formulated if the sensitivity is calculated in units relative to the quantum limit. An important result is that the improvement in APD sensitivity depends strongly on dark current, but only weakly on the ionization coefficient ratio. Our calculations are compared with recent results obtained for In0.53Ga0.47As/InP APDs sensitive in the λ = 0.95 μm to 1.6 μm wavelength region. We also include a brief discussion comparing APD sensitivities with those obtained using phototransistors and majority carrier devices.
Microwave plasma assisted synthesis of single crystal diamond at high pressures and high power densities (2011)

Summary form only given. It is now widely understood that CVD synthesized diamond quality and growth rates can be improved by using high power density microwave discharges operating at pressures above 160 Torr. Thus we have developed microwave plasma reactor designs and associated process methods that are both robust and are optimized for high pressure and high power density operation and thereby take advantage of the improved deposition chemistry and physics that exist in the high pressure (180-320 Torr) regime. Here we will present the single crystal diamond (SCD) synthesis performance of two 2-5 kW, 2.45 GHz microwave plasma assisted CVD reactor designs, Reactors B and C, that have been specifically designed and optimized for operation in the high pressure regime. The reactors have incorporated design features that are adaptable such as reactor tuning that allows discharge matching and also the control of the position, size and shape of the discharge. Reactor B has been described earlier and Reactor C further improves performance by increasing applicator size and by positioning the discharge away from the reactor walls. The experimental performance of the new reactor designs will be presented and will be compared with each other and with a related reactor, Reactor A, that operates at lower pressures of 10-160Torr.
New synthetic routes to B-halogenated derivatives of cobalt dicarbollide (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew synthetic routes to B-halogenated derivatives of cobalt dicarbollidePaul K. Hurlburt, Rebecca L. Miller, Kent D. Abney, Trudi M. Foreman, Raymond J. Butcher, and Scott A. KinkheadCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 21, 5215–5219Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00125a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00125a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A novel mitogenic protein that is highly expressed in cells of the gastric antrum mucosa (2003)

Human and pig cDNAs for a novel stomach protein, the product of a gene expressed at high levels specifically in cells of the antrum mucosa, have been characterized. The general exon/intron structure of the genomic DNA is conserved in humans and mice. The predicted protein sequences of the human and mouse mRNAs contain 185 and 184 amino acids, respectively. The protein isolated from pig antral extracts has an NH 2 terminus consistent with cleavage of a 20-amino acid signal peptide. Human cDNA was expressed in E. coli to generate a protein antigen for antibody production. The antibodies detected polypeptides of ∼18 kDa in antrum extracts from all mammalian species tested. Immunocytochemistry located antrum mucosal protein (AMP)-18 to surface mucosal cells of the mouse antrum and, specifically, to secretion granules, suggesting that it is cosecreted with mucins. Antrum extracts and recombinant human AMP-18 exhibit growth-promoting activity on epithelial cells that can be blocked by the specific antisera. We suggest that AMP-18 is a “gastrokine” that maintains the integrity of the gastric mucosal epithelium.
Novel light-guiding properties in photonic crystals (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text R. Hamam, I. Celanovic, Z. Wang, Y. Chong, J. D. Joannopoulos, and M. Soljačić, "Novel light-guiding properties in photonic crystals," in Frontiers in Optics 2010/Laser Science XXVI, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper LThF2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Engineering a functional ovary with 3D biomaterial printing (2016)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Low-complexity intra/inter mode-decision for H.264/AVC video coder (2005)

We present a novel mode decision scheme with which a portion of the macroblocks' intra/inter coding mode is determined without performing the exhaustive spatial estimation and motion estimation searches. The coding modes of such macroblocks are determined utilizing the correlation across spatially and temporally close macroblocks' prediction modes. By bypassing a large amount of spatial estimation and motion estimation searches, the scheme can reduce the computational complexity substantially. Simulation results show that the coding performance using the proposed mode decision scheme is perceptually as good as using traditional mode decision. The proposed scheme can be applied to any modern video codec that employs predictive coding, including H.263, MPEG-4, and H.264/AVC.
Fast technique for wideband spectrum sensing (2014)

The wideband spectrum sensing method described in this paper considers selecting unoccupied frequencies within a frequency band of interest. Two energy detection criteria are required to select an unoccupied frequency: 1) the energy of an unoccupied frequency must be below a predetermined threshold; 2) the sum of energy surrounding an unoccupied frequency must be below a predetermined threshold. The proposed method eliminates regions, or clusters, within the frequency band containing high energy. The accuracy and computational complexity of the proposed method is compared to a preexisting technique.
SEPARATION OF IONIC SPECIES UNDER SUPERCRITICAL WATER CONDITIONS (1999)

ABSTRACT The unique characteristics of supercritical water (SCW) offer potentially attractive processing options that can be explored for reaction and separation purposes. While supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) can achieve high organic conversion efficiencies, low and relative solubilities of inorganic species in SCW may be further utilized for in situ separation of potential by-products from the SCWO process effluent. This paper describes a novel method for separating ionic species under SCW conditions. The concept is based on relative solubilities of different ionic species in SCW. Laboratory-scale demonstration tests were conducted with a Nylon monomer manufacturing process wastewater containing sodium hydroxide, sodium borate, carboxylic acids, and water. The process achieved (1) effective destruction (>99%) of organic components in the wastewater; (2) selective precipitation of sodium (>99.5%) as carbonates produced from oxidation of the organic components; and (3) efficient recovery of boron (>90%) as boric acid in the reactor effluent. The sodium removal efficiency is governed by the solubilities of sodium carbonates in SCW and, therefore, can be directly improved by increasing process temperature. As a result of the temperature increase, both organic destruction and boron recovery efficiencies may be enhanced. This method of selective separation of ionic species in SCW has potential for a wide range of processing applications.
Nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the matrix protein of Newcastle disease virus (1986)

The nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the matrix (M) protein of the Beaudette C strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been determined from overlapping cDNA clones. Control sequences typical of paramyxovirus mRNA start and polyadenylation signals have been identified. Assuming that the M gene starts and finishes at these sequences, the M gene is 1241 nucleotides long and encodes one long open reading frame of 364 amino acids, corresponding to a polypeptide of molecular weight 39605, in good agreement with estimates from SDS gels. The M protein has an amino acid sequence that is both hydrophobic and highly basic. The NDV M protein has sequence homologies to the M proteins of Sendai, measles, canine distemper and respiratory syncytial viruses.
Noninvasive method for measuring local hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue using wide gap second derivative near-infrared spectroscopy (2005)

A simple continuous wave near-infrared algorithm for estimating local hemoglobin oxygen saturation in tissue (%StO2) is described using single depth attenuation measurements at 680, 720, 760, and 800 nm. Second derivative spectroscopy was used to reduce light scattering effects, chromophores with constant absorption, baseline/instrumentation drift, and movement artifacts. Unlike previous second derivative methods which focused primarily on measuring deoxyhemoglobin concentration; a wide 40 nm wavelength gap used for calculating second derivative attenuation significantly improved sensitivity to oxyhemoglobin absorption. Scaled second derivative attenuation at 720 nm was correlated to in vitro hemoglobin oxygen saturation to generate a %StO2 calibration curve. The calibration curve was insensitive to total hemoglobin, optical path length, and optical scattering. Measurement error due to normal levels of carboxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, and water absorption were less than 10 %StO2 units. Severe methemoglobinemia or edema combined with low blood volume could cause StO2 errors to exceed 10 StO2 units. Both a broadband and commercial four-wavelength spectrometer (InSpectra) measured %StO2. The InSpectra tissue spectrometer readily detected limb ischemia on 26 human volunteers for hand, forearm, and leg muscles. A strong linear correlation, r2>0.93, between StO2 and microvascular %SO2 was observed for isolated animal hind limb, kidney, and heart.
Novel low thermal expansion material for EUV application (2006)

In extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography technology, ultra low thermal expansion material is required as photomask substrate. We have previously developed Ti-doped silica glass which exhibits both ultra low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and high homogeneity for EUV substrate. On the other hand, we have been investigating other candidate materials which have low CTE, from the viewpoint of structural chemistry. Silica glass is well-known as a low thermal expansion material and the reason is explained that in the open structure of silica glass two factors, expansion and shrinkage, compete with each other with increase in temperature. The network of silica glass consists of tetrahedra like quartz crystal. In this structure, Si is stably present with a valence of 4 and a coordination number of 4. We have carried out an atomistic simulation and estimated the volume change of oxide materials which may have the same structural transformation mechanism as SiO<sub>2</sub>. As a result, the volume of SnO<sub>2</sub> with quartz structure (quartz-SnO<sub>2</sub>), in which Sn was present with a valance of 4 and a coordination number of 4, decreased with increase in temperature, that is, the density of quartz-SnO<sub>2</sub> increased. Thus, it was indicated that the glass with lower CTE than that of silica glass could be obtained with substituting Sn for Si. Based on this hypothesis, we have prepared Sn-doped silica glass by Asahi silica glass producing method. The synthesized Sn-doped silica glass exhibited lower CTE than that of an ordinary silica glass.
Nanocrystalline diamond films as UV-semitransparent Schottky contacts to 4H-SiC (2007)

A heterojunction between thin films of nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) and 4H-SiC has been developed. Undoped and B-doped NCDs were deposited on both n− and p− SiC epilayers. I-V measurements on p+ NCD∕n− SiC indicated Schottky rectifying behavior with a turn-on voltage of around 0.2V. The current increased over eight orders of magnitude with an ideality factor of 1.17 at 30°C. Ideal energy-band diagrams suggested a possible conduction mechanism for electron transport from the SiC conduction band to either the valence band or acceptor level of the NCD film. Applications as an UV semitransparent electrical contact to 4H-SiC are discussed.
Fermentation performance of engineered and evolved xylose‐fermenting <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> strains (2004)

Lignocellulose hydrolysate is an abundant substrate for bioethanol production. The ideal microorganism for such a fermentation process should combine rapid and efficient conversion of the available carbon sources to ethanol with high tolerance to ethanol and to inhibitory components in the hydrolysate. A particular biological problem are the pentoses, which are not naturally metabolized by the main industrial ethanol producer Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Several recombinant, mutated, and evolved xylose fermenting S. cerevisiae strains have been developed recently. We compare here the fermentation performance and robustness of eight recombinant strains and two evolved populations on glucose/xylose mixtures in defined and lignocellulose hydrolysate-containing medium. Generally, the polyploid industrial strains depleted xylose faster and were more resistant to the hydrolysate than the laboratory strains. The industrial strains accumulated, however, up to 30% more xylitol and therefore produced less ethanol than the haploid strains. The three most attractive strains were the mutated and selected, extremely rapid xylose consumer TMB3400, the evolved C5 strain with the highest achieved ethanol titer, and the engineered industrial F12 strain with by far the highest robustness to the lignocellulosic hydrolysate.
Response Characteristics of a Reversible Electrochemical Sensor for the Polyion Protamine (2005)

We describe here in detail the first reversible electrochemical sensors for the polyion protamine. Potentiometric sensors were proposed in recent years, mainly for the determination of the polyions heparin and protamine. Such potentiometric polyion sensors functioned on the nonequilibrium extraction of polyions into a hydrophobic membrane phase via ion pairing with lipophilic ion exchangers. This made it difficult to design sensors that operate in a truly reversible fashion. The reversible sensors described here utilize the same basic response mechanism as their potentiometric counterparts, but the processes of extraction and ion stripping are now fully controlled electrochemically. Spontaneous polyion extraction is avoided by using membranes containing highly lipophilic electrolytes that possess no ion-exchange properties. Reversible extraction of polyions is induced if a constant current pulse of fixed duration is applied across the membrane, followed by a baseline potential pulse. The key theoretical response principles of this new class of polyion sensors are discussed here and compared to those of its classical potentiometric counterpart. The electrochemical sensing system is characterized in terms of optimal working conditions, membrane composition, selectivity, and influence of sample stirring and organic-phase diffusion coefficient on the response characteristics. Excellent potential stability and reversibility of the sensors are observed, and measurements of heparin concentration in whole blood samples via protamine titration are demonstrated.