gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Triazine-Resistant Common Lambsquarters (<i>Chenopodium album</i>L.) Control in Field Corn (<i>Zea mays</i>L.) (1993)

Field studies were conducted near Beechwood, WI in 1986 and Sturgeon Bay, WI in 1987 and 1988 to evaluate herbicide treatments for control of triazine-resistant common lambsquarters (TR-CHEAL) in corn. AH PRE and many early postemergence (EP) and POST treatments were less effective in 1988 than in 1986 or 1987 due to drought. Atrazine, cyanazine, and metolachlor PRE controlled less than 15% TR-CHEAL late-season over the three years. Dicamba or pendimethalin applied PRE controlled 88 to 99% late-season TR-CHEAL in 1986 and 1987. Late-season TR-CHEAL control in 1986 and 1987 from acetochlor plus atrazine, alachlor plus atrazine, and metolachlor plus linuron applied PRE ranged from 58 to 86%. Pendimethalin plus cyanazine or atrazine applied EP controlled TR-CHEAL 97% or more late-season in 1986 and 1987, while pendimethalin plus dicamba plus atrazine applied EP controlled TR-CHEAL 97% or more each year. Late-season TR-CHEAL control from tridiphane plus cyanazine or atrazine EP was less than 58%. Late-season TR-CHEAL control from dicamba, 2,4-D amine, pyridate, and thifensulfuron applied POST was 87 to 99% each year, and was 94 to 99% in 1986 and 1987 from bromoxynil or bentazon applied POST. Dicamba, thifensulfuron, pendimethalin, pyridate, and 2,4-D amine were most effective in controlling TR-CHEAL in corn.
Some advances in the use of Raman spectroscopy in security screening applications (1997)

The PSDB Raman programme is described. Advances in and future designs for in-field instrumentation are discussed, especially the most suitable operating wavelength and the applicability of UV lasers. The strategy for extending Raman spectroscopy for the detection of contraband in the vapour phase via surface enhancement techniques is also presented.
Progress in organ 3D bioprinting (2018)

Three dimensional (3D) printing is a hot topic in today's scientific, technological and commercial areas. It is recognized as the main field which promotes "the Third Industrial Revolution". Recently, human organ 3D bioprinting has been put forward into equity market as a concept stock and attracted a lot of attention. A large number of outstanding scientists have flung themselves into this field and made some remarkable headways. Nevertheless, organ 3D bioprinting is a sophisticated manufacture procedure which needs profound scientific/technological backgrounds/knowledges to accomplish. Especially, large organ 3D bioprinting encounters enormous difficulties and challenges. One of them is to build implantable branched vascular networks in a predefined 3D construct. At present, organ 3D bioprinting still in its infancy and a great deal of work needs to be done. Here we briefly overview some of the achievements of 3D bioprinting technologies in large organ, such as the bone, liver, heart, cartilage and skin, manufacturing.
Inhibition of bone resorption <i>in vitro</i> by selective inhibitors of gelatinase and collagenase (1995)

Two low-molecular-mass inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), CT1166, a concentration-dependent selective inhibitor of gelatinases A and B, and Ro 31-7467, a concentration-dependent selective inhibitor of collagenase, were examined for their effects on bone resorption and type-I collagenolysis. The test systems consisted of measuring (1) the release of [3H]proline from prelabelled mouse calvarial explants; (2) the release of 14C from prelabelled type-I collagen films by mouse calvarial osteoblasts; and (3) lacunar resorption by isolated rat osteoclasts cultured on ivory slices. In 24 h cultures, CT1166 and Ro 31-7467 inhibited both interleukin-1 alpha- (IL-1 alpha; 10(-10) M) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10(-8) M)-stimulated bone resorption in cultured neonatal mouse calvariae at concentration selective for the inhibition of gelatinase (10(-9) M for CT1166) and collagenase (10(-8) M for Ro 31-7467) respectively. For each compound the inhibition was dose-dependent, reversible, and complete at a 10(-7) M concentration. However, CT1166 (10(-9) M) and Ro 31-7467 (10(-8) M) in combination were required to completely abolish IL-1 alpha-stimulated bone resorption in mouse calvariae throughout a 96 h culture period. Neither of the inhibitors affected protein synthesis, DNA synthesis nor the IL-1 alpha-stimulated secretion of the lysosomal enzyme, beta-glucuronidase. Both CT1166 and Ro 31-7467 partially inhibited IL-1 alpha-stimulated lacunar resorption by isolated osteoclasts, but were without effect on unstimulated lacunar resorption. Rodent osteoclasts produced collagenase and gelatinases-A and -B activity. In contrast the substrate used to assess osteoclast lacunar resorption contained no detectable collagenase or gelatinase activity. Both compounds dose-dependently inhibited 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (10(-8) M)-stimulated degradation of type-I collagen by mouse calvarial osteoblasts; however, complete inhibition of collagenolysis was only achieved at concentrations at which CT1166 and Ro 31-7467 act as general MMP inhibitors. This study demonstrates that collagenase and gelatinases A and/or B participate in bone resorption. While these MMPs may be primarily involved in osteoid removal, we conclude that they may also be released by osteoclasts, where they participate in bone collagen degradation within the resorption lacunae.
Bovine Tuberculosis in India: The Need for One Health Approach and The Way Forward (2023)

Tuberculosis is one of the most common highly infectious bacterial zoonotic disease, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Mycobacterium bovis, a member of the M. tuberculosis complex, has socio-economic importance or public health implications, and may have a sizable effect on the commerce of animals and animal products internationally. It is also the cause of zoonotic tuberculosis. TB occurs in every part of the world. It is one of the top 10 causes of death worldwide than the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent (Ranked over HIV/AIDS). The World Health Organization (WHO) has implemented a new strategy for TB prevention, treatment and control since 2015-The End TB Strategy aims at ending the global TB epidemic by reducing the incidence and death frequency of the disease by 90% and 95% respectively in 20 years (2015-2035) compared to 2015 through advanced diagnosis, prevention and control strategies.
Nanosecond fluorescence resonance energy transfer‐fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy to localize the protein interactions in a single living cell (2002)

Visualizing and quantifying protein-protein interactions is a recent trend in biomedical imaging. The current advances in fluorescence microscopy, coupled with the development of new fluorescent probes such as green fluorescent proteins, allow fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to be used to study protein interactions in living specimens. Intensity-based FRET microscopy is limited by spectral bleed-through and fluorophore concentration. Fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscopy and lifetime measurements are independent of change in fluorophore concentration or excitation intensity, and the combination of FRET and FLIM provides high spatial (nanometre) and temporal (nanoseconds) resolution. Because only the donor fluorophore lifetime is measured, spectral bleed-through is not an issue in FRET-FLIM imaging. In this paper we describe the development of a nanosecond FRET-FLIM microscopy instrumentation to acquire the time-resolved images of donor in the presence and the absence of the acceptor. Software was developed to process the acquired images for single and double exponential decays. Measurement of donor lifetime in two different conditions allowed us to calculate accurately the distance between the interacting proteins. We used this approach to quantify the dimerization of the transcription factor CAATT/enhancer binding protein alpha in living pituitary cells. The one- and two-component analysis of the donor molecule lifetime in the presence of acceptor demonstrates the distance distribution between interacting proteins.
Tuber morphology and starch accumulation are independent phenomena: Evidence from <i>ipt</i>‐transgenic potato lines (2000)

Tuber formation and carbohydrate metabolism in potatoes were studied using transgenic potato plants carrying the Agrobacterium tumefaciens ipt gene, involved in cytokinin biosynthesis. Three independent transformants, viz. clones 1, 11 and 13, whose cytokinin and auxin content had previously been shown to be different from each other and from the wild‐type, were analysed in vitro. Clones 11 and 13 showed a higher ability to form stolons and tubers, as evident from: (1) stolon development in whole plants grown under non‐inductive conditions, (2) total number and weight of tubers formed by cuttings of this clone in darkness, (3) tubers appeared earlier than tubers of wild‐type plants and at a lower sucrose concentration in the medium. Clone 1 did not form stolons or tubers under any conditions tested, but rather formed short shoots. A series of metabolic changes, known to be characteristic for tubers, were analysed in leaves, stems and developing buds. It was found that the short type of shoots, formed by clone 1, had metabolic characteristics very similar to tubers formed in wild‐type or clones 11 and 13, including glucose, fructose, sucrose, and starch levels, and activities of invertase, sucrose synthase and fructokinase. It is concluded that the regulation of the stolon swelling and of carbohydrate metabolism, normally occurring simultaneously, can be uncoupled, and are thus, at least partly independent phenomena. The present data obtained with a high‐cytokinin line indicate that cytokinins (probably in concert with auxins) might be mainly involved in the regulation of tuber morphology.
Interactions of YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films with alkaline earth fluoride substrates (1993)

Film-substrate interactions of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films grown by pulsed laser deposition on alkaline earth fluoride substrates were investigated. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and x-ray-diffraction measurements showed that the quality of the film and amount of chemical reaction between film and substrate were dependent on the substrate material and deposition temperature. The reaction of YBCO films with CaF2 and MgF2 substrates forms BaF2 and calcium or magnesium oxide species. The reacted film is insulating and has a microscopically rough surface. No reaction was detected in films deposited on BaF2 and SrF2. Physical and thermodynamic properties which may explain the observed order of reactivity are examined.
Structural Reorganization of the Transferrin C-Lobe and Transferrin Receptor upon Complex Formation:  The C-Lobe Binds to the Receptor Helical Domain (2003)

Human transferrin, a bilobal protein, with each lobe bearing a single iron-binding site, functions to transport iron into cells. While the N-terminal lobe alone does not measurably bind cellular transferrin receptors or serve as an iron donor for cells, the C-lobe is capable of both functions. We used hydroxyl radical-mediated protein footprinting and mass spectrometry to reveal the conformational changes that occur upon complex formation for the human transferrin C-lobe (residues 334-679) bound to the ectodomain of human transferrin receptor 1 (residues 121-760). Oxidation rates for proteolytic peptides in the C-lobe, the receptor, and their complex have been measured by mass spectrometry; upon formation of the complex, a dramatic decrease in modification rates, indicating protection of specific side chain groups, can be seen in C-lobe sequences corresponding to residues 381-401, 415-433, and 457-470. Peptide sequences experiencing modification rate decreases in the transferrin receptor upon C-lobe binding include residues 232-240, 365-371, 496-508, 580 and 581, 614-623, 634-646, 647-681, and 733-760. In addition, several peptides in the receptor exhibit enhancements in the rate of modification consistent with allosteric effects of complex formation. Using tandem mass spectrometry, the sites of modification with altered reactivity in the complex include Met382, Met389, Trp460, Met464, and Phe427 in the C-lobe and Tyr503, Pro581, Tyr611, Leu619, Met635, Phe650, Trp740, Trp754, and Phe760 within the transferrin receptor. Using available genetic, biochemical, and structural data, we confirm that the conserved RGD sequence (residues 646-648) in the helical domain of the transferrin receptor, including residues from Leu619 to Phe650, is a primary binding site for the transferrin C-lobe.
Endovascular Therapy of a Large Vertebral Artery Aneurysm using Stent and Coils (2000)

Combined endovascular stent and coil therapy is a promising technique for the treatment of wide-necked cerebral aneurysms.
A Common-Mode Choke Using Toroid-EQ Mixed Structure (2012)

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) filters are main solutions to suppress the conducted emissions from static power converters. For some years, integration techniques for EMI filters have been widely investigated to realize more compact systems. In this letter, a common-mode (CM) choke with toroid-EQ mixed structure is presented. This structure is constituted of a toroidal CM choke embedded into an EQ core. The proposed toroid-EQ CM choke presents threefold advantages. First, it effectively increases the leakage inductance of the toroidal CM choke and hence increases the differential-mode inductance. Second, it reduces the parasitic coupling between the choke and the filter capacitors. Finally, the component can be easily fabricated with low cost. Experimental verifications have been carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed toroid-EQ CM choke.
Central Asian-Sino Cooperation to be Intensified in Energy (2014)

As of more than 2,000 years ago,the world-renowned Silk Road traversed the western Gobi desert,linking China with the Central Asian countries.At present,against the backdrop that China is carrying out large-scale and high-level energy cooperation with the
Superconducting joint between multi-filamentary Bi <sub>2</sub> Sr <sub>2</sub> Ca <sub>2</sub> Cu <sub>3</sub> O <sub> 10+ <i>δ</i> </sub> tapes based on incongruent melting for NMR and MRI applications (2019)

Abstract Recently, we proposed a method of forming superconducting joints between high-temperature superconducting wires based on the incongruent melting of an intermedium, called crystalline joint by melted bulk. Using this technique with GdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ -coated conductors, a superconducting joint with a critical current of 7 A at 77 K was obtained. In the present study, a joint between multi-filamentary Bi 2 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O 10+ δ (Bi2223) tapes was prepared without an intermedium, employing incongruent melting of Bi2223 filaments in the tapes. A superconducting joint was successfully fabricated, with critical currents of 12.2 A and 177 A at 77 K and 4.2 K, respectively. A Bi2223 coil terminated with the present joint method was operated in persistent current mode and showed an ultra-low field decay rate with a characteristic resistance of 10 −12 Ω at 77 and 4.2 K.
<title>Collateral densification associated with the photoresponse of hybrid sol-gel glasses for depositing Bragg gratings on ridge waveguides</title> (1998)

Integrated optical devices can be deposited by photolithography in hybrid organic-inorganic glass films prepared by solution sol- gel processing. The latter are made from a generic matrix of methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane, methacrylic acid and zirconium oxide. An optical phase mask and pulsed 6.4 eV light were used to deposit 1.5 mm Bragg gratings in ridge waveguides. The gratings are polarization insensitive and show very high reflectivity at 1.55 micrometers . The photoresponse that give rise to the grating in the nanocomposite are complex. They express themselves simply as an increase in the material refractive index n. To understand the way in which the underlying photochemistry and physical changes contribute to the refractive index change, we chose to follow structural changes in the polymer and silica framework by combinations of electronic and vibrational spectroscopy. Photoinduced polymerization of the organic methacrylate monomer upon UV irradiation triggers a cascade of structural changes within the inorganic matrix. The process is akin to photo-induced sintering. Reduction in non-bonded interactions due to bond formation following polymerization precipitates a localized structural relaxation in the silica network. Collateral densification of the silicate matrix is evident by the shifts to lower energy in the transverse optical phonon mode associated with antisymmetric stretching and decreased Si-O-Si bond angles in the matrix.
Induction machine broken bar detection using neural networks based classification (2005)

This paper addresses the developing of a fault diagnosis system for detection of broken rotor bars, a common mechanical fault in cage induction machines, using efficient feature extraction techniques and a neural network classifier. The proposed algorithm uses the stator current and motor speed as inputs. Fast Fourier Transform is utilized to obtain the frequency spectrum of the current signal. An efficient algorithm is then used to extract suitable features out of the frequency spectrum of the signal. The relevance of the features for the purpose of fauIt detection is investigated and verified. A neural network classifier is then developed and applied to distinguish different motor conditions. A series of data collected from experiments on a three phase 3 hp cage induction machine performed in different load and fauIt conditions are used to provide data for training and then testing the classifier. Experimental results confirm the etkiency of the proposed algorithm for detection of broken bar faults.
LumiTouch (2001)

We present the Lumitouch system consisting of a pair of interactive picture frames. When one user touches her picture frame, the other picture frame lights up. This touch is translated to light over an Internet connection. We introduce a semi-ambient display that can transition seamlessly from periphery to foreground in addition to communicating emotional content. In addition to enhancing the communication between loved ones, people can use LumiTouch to develop a personal emotional language.Based upon prior work on telepresence and tangible interfaces, LumiTouch explores emotional communication in tangible form. This paper describes the components, interactions, implementation and design approach of the LumiTouch system.
A bottom‐up design for spatial search in large networks and clouds (2018)

Summary Information in networked systems often has spatial semantics: routers, sensors, or virtual machines have coordinates in a geographical or virtual space, for instance. In this paper, we propose a design for a spatial search system that processes queries against spatial information that is maintained in local databases inside a large networked system. In contrast to previous works in spatial databases and peer‐to‐peer designs, our design is bottom‐up, which makes query routing network aware and thus efficient, and which facilitates system bootstrapping and adaptation. Key to our design is a protocol that creates and maintains a distributed index of object locations based on information from local databases and the underlying network topology. The index builds upon minimum bounding rectangles to efficiently encode locations. We present a generic search protocol that is based on an echo protocol and uses the index to prune the search space and perform query routing. The response times of search queries increase with the diameter of the network, which is asymptotically optimal. We study the performance of the protocol through simulation in static and dynamic network environments, for different network topologies, and for network sizes up to 100 000 nodes. In most experiments, the overhead incurred by our protocol lies well below 30% of a hypothetical optimal protocol. In addition, the protocol provides high accuracy under significant churn.
Monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of Bacteroides gingivalis (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies against the various surface antigens of Bacteroides gingivalis were obtained by the fusion of murine myeloma cells (SP2/0-Ag14) with spleen cells of BALB/c mice immunized with the whole cells. Two monoclonal antibodies reacted with lipopolysaccharide, and the other two reacted strongly with capsule antigen. One showed reactivity with the hemagglutinin of the cells. The five monoclonal antibodies reacted with sonicated antigen from all B. gingivalis strains tested. No cross-reactivity of the monoclonal antibodies with antigens from nine species of other black-pigmented Bacteroids strains was observed. An immunoblotting test involving the use of these monoclonal antibodies indicated that the epitope of B. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide was polysaccharide with a high molecular weight of 40,000 to 60,000. The immunoblotting test also demonstrated that the epitopes of capsule antigen and of hemagglutinin were 27,000- and 40,000-molecular-weight proteins, respectively.
Interleukin 4 inhibits IL-2-induced proliferation of a human t-leukemia cell line without interfering with p56-LCK kinase activation (1992)

Recently we described the establishment in culture and the immunophenotypic and functional characteristics of a human T-leukemia line TALL-103/2 derived from the T-cell receptor (TCR)-gamma/delta subset of T-lymphocytes. TALL-103/2 cells are absolutely dependent on interleukin 2 (IL-2) for their growth and survival in culture and thus provide a model cell line for studies of IL-2 signal transduction in a TCR-gamma/delta T-cell. In this report, we focus on the regulation of SRC-family protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) by IL-2. TALL-103/2 cells were found to contain p56-LCK, p59-FYN, p62-YES and p53/56-LYN. Stimulation of growth factor-deprived TALL-103/2 cells with IL-2, however, induced increases in the relative activity only of the p56-LCK kinase. This IL-2-mediated increase in LCK kinase activity was manifested both by increased kinase autophosphorylation and by increased phosphorylation of the exogenous substrate enolase during in vitro kinase assays. Furthermore, immunoblot assays determined that the levels of p56-LCK protein were unaltered by IL-2-treatment, indicating that the measured elevations in LCK kinase activity reflected an increase in the specific activity of this PTK. In TALL-103/2 cells, IL-2 stimulated concentration-dependent increases in p56-LCK activity that displayed rapid and transient kinetics: detectable increases occurred within 1 minute after IL-2 stimulation, peaked at 10 minutes, and declined to baseline levels by 30 minutes. Treatment of TALL-103/2 cells with IL-4 abrogated IL-2-initiated proliferation, but did not inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of p56-LCK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Improved Lexically Constrained Decoding for Translation and Monolingual Rewriting (2019)

J. Edward Hu, Huda Khayrallah, Ryan Culkin, Patrick Xia, Tongfei Chen, Matt Post, Benjamin Van Durme. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.