gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach to products placement in supermarkets using PrefixSpan algorithm (2012)

With a great variation of products and user buying behaviors, shelf on which products are being displayed is one of the most important resources in retail environment. Retailers can not only increase their profit but, also decrease cost by proper management of shelf space allocation and products display. To solve this problem, we propose an approach to mine user buying patterns using PrefixSpan algorithm and place the products on shelves based on the order of mined purchasing patterns. The proposed approach is able to mine the patterns in two stages of process. In the first stage, the sequences of product categories are mined to place the product categories on the shelves based on the sequence order of mined patterns. Subsequently, in the second stage, the patterns (products) are mined for each category and then, rearrange the products within the category by incorporating the profit measure on the mined patterns. The experimentation is carried out on the synthetic datasets and the evaluation with two datasets showed that the proposed approach is good for product placement in supermarkets.
Thermally-labile segmented hyperbranched copolymers: using reversible-covalent chemistry to investigate the mechanism of self-condensing vinyl copolymerization (2014)

A thermally-reversible inimer was used to confirm the controlled growth of individual branches during self-condensing vinyl atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP).
Robust Video Decoding through Simultaneous Usage of Residual Source Information and MAC Layer CRC Redundancy (2007)

This paper presents a MAP estimation method of CAVLC (Context Adaptive Variable Length Coding) encoded sequences for robust decoding of H.264/AVC video stream. A sequential decoding algorithm jointly exploiting the residual source information (related to VLC codes and source characteristics) along with the MAC layer CRC redundancy in the transmission scheme is proposed. The branch selection metric in the decoding trellis incorporates the usually considered APP weighted by a CRC dependent factor. We also introduce a sub-optimal but hardware realizable version of the proposed algorithm. Significant link budget improvement results have been demonstrated for transmission schemes using BPSK modulated signals sent over AWGN channels.
A Validation Assessment of Microseismic Monitoring (2016)

Abstract Microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracturing in unconventional reservoirs is a valuable tool for delineating the effectiveness of stimulations, completions, and overall field development. Important information, such as fracture azimuth, fracture length, height growth, staging effectiveness, and many other geometric parameters, can typically be determined from good quality data sets. In addition, there are parameters now being extracted from microseismic data sets, or correlated with microseismic data, to infer other properties of the stimulation/completion system, such as stimulated reservoir volume (SRV), discrete fracture networks (DFNs), structural effects, proppant placement, permeability, fracture opening and closure, geohazards, and others. Much of the information obtained in this way is based on solid geomechanical or seismological principles, but some of it is speculative as well. This paper reviews published data where microseismic results have been validated by experiments using some type of ground-truth or alternative measurement procedure, discusses the geomechanics and seismological mechanisms that can be reasonably considered in evaluating the likelihood of inferring given properties, and appraises the uncertainties associated with monitoring and the effect on any inferences about fracture behavior. Considerable data now exist from tiltmeters, fiber-optic sensing, tracers, pressure sensors, multi-well-pad experiments, and production interference that can be used to aid the validation assessment. Relatively limited microseismic results have actually been validated in any consistent manner. Fracture azimuth from microseismic has been verified across a wide range of reservoir types using multiple techniques. Good validation of fracture length and height were performed in sandstones for planar fractures; fracture length and height in typical horizontal completions with multiple fractures or complexity have a lesser degree of verification. Other parameters, such as complexity, discrete fracture networks, source parameters, and SRV, have little supporting evidence to provide validation, even though they might have sound physical principles underlying their application. It is clear that microseismic monitoring would benefit from more attention to validation testing. In many cases, the data might be available but have not been used for validation purposes, or such results have not been published.
Gas Path Debris Monitoring for F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Propulsion System PHM (2006)

The F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF) prognostics and health management (PHM) program is redefining the baseline for aircraft PHM. The objective is a management system that enables the F-35 aircraft to identify and report its own maintenance requirements, maximising aircraft use and minimising logistical overhead. JSF PHM offers aircraft operational cost and safety benefits above and beyond any air-vehicle strategy currently employed. For the propulsion system, the required input to F-35 PHM is achieved through monitoring a range of engine subsystems, using both mature and new technologies, and combining the information to form the engine health status and prognosis. The propulsion system PHM sensor suite incorporates several emerging technologies, including gas path debris monitoring. This paper provides a top-level description of the debris monitoring technology, its implementation and integration for F-35 and the development route planned to achieve the maturity level required for initial service release
Stabilization of platinum nanoparticle electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction using poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (2009)

A long-chain polyelectrolyte, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA), has been employed to stabilize platinum nanoparticles for oxygen reduction in polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Pt nanoparticles are synthesized by reducing H2PtCl6 with NaBH4 in the presence of PDDA and then deposited on a carbon support (PDDA-Pt/C). Transmission electron microscope images show that Pt nanoparticles of PDDA-Pt/C are uniformly dispersed on the carbon support with a mean size of about 2.2 nm (2.1 nm for commercial Etek-Pt/C). PDDA-Pt/C exhibits a higher activity towards oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than Etek-Pt/C. The durability of PDDA-Pt/C is improved by a factor of 2 as compared with Etek-Pt/C. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterization of PDDA-Pt/C reveals the interaction between Pt nanoparticles and PDDA, which increases Pt oxidation potential and prevents Pt nanoparticles from migrating/agglomerating on or detaching from carbon support. This provides a promising strategy to improve both the durability and activity of electrocatalysts for fuel cells.
Transport critical current density in Fe-sheathed nano-SiC doped MgB/sub 2/ wires (2003)

The nano-SiC doped MgB/sub 2//Fe wires were fabricated using a powder-in-tube method and an in-situ reaction process. The depression of T/sub c/ with increasing SiC doping level remained rather small due to the counterbalanced effect of Si and C co-doping. The high level SiC co-doping allowed creation of the intra-grain defects and nano-inclusions, which act as effective pinning centers, resulting in a substantial enhancement in the J/sub c/(H) performance. The transport J/sub c/ for all the wires is comparable to the magnetic J/sub c/ at higher fields despite the low density of the samples and percolative nature of current. The transport I/sub c/ for the 10wt% SiC doped MgB/sub 2//Fe reached 660A at 5K and 4.5T (J/sub c/=133000A/cm/sup 2/) and 540A at 20K and 2T (J/sub c/=108000A/cm/sup 2/). The transport J/sub c/ for the 10wt% SiC doped MgB/sub 2/ wire is more than an order of magnitude higher than for the state-the-art Fe-sheathed MgB/sub 2/ wire reported to date at 5K and 10T and 20K and 5T respectively. There is a plenty of room for further improvement in J/sub c/ as the density of the current samples is only 50%.
High-accuracy 3D sensing for mobile manipulation: Improving object detection and door opening (2009)

High-resolution 3D scanning can improve the performance of object detection and door opening, two tasks critical to the operation of mobile manipulators in cluttered homes and workplaces. We discuss how high-resolution depth information can be combined with visual imagery to improve the performance of object detection beyond what is (currently) achievable with 2D images alone, and we present door-opening and inventory-taking experiments.
Resolution enhancement of hyperspectral data (2003)

Hyperspectral imaging systems are assuming a greater importance for a wide variety of commercial and military systems. The reason for this increased interest is the fact that a hyperspectral sensor of a given spatial resolution or pixel size will reveal information on the scene that are not obtainable by single band or multi-spectral sensors. There have been several approaches to using a single higher spatial resolution band to improve the spatial resolution of the hyperspectral data. In this paper, a new technique for improving the spatial resolution of hyperspectral image data is presented. This technique, called Joint Endmember Determination and Unmixing, combines a high-resolution image with a lower spatial resolution hyperspectral image to produce a product that has the spectral properties of the hyperspectral image at a spatial resolution approaching that of the panchromatic image. Instead of using statistical methods to sharpen hyperspectral imagery, a physical model is used where the data present in both the hyperspectral and high-resolution data are assumed to follow a linear mixing model. In this paper, the new mixture model based resolution enhancement approach is compared to the statistical approach using data from the NASA/JPL AVIRIS hyperspectral sensor.
Fiber to the home: the technology behind Heathrow (1990)

In July 1989, Southern Bell began deploying a fiber access system capable of carrying 54 cable television (CATV) channels, as well as plain old telephone service (POTS) and integrated services digital network (ISDN) services in Heathrow, Florida. Four areas that must be addressed before these services can be successfully deployed in volume are discussed. They are integrating narrowband and broadband services on the same fiber, choosing a fiber architecture, designing the optical-network interface for multiple services, and designing a centralized digital video-selector switch.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
4D LUT: Learnable Context-Aware 4D Lookup Table for Image Enhancement (2023)

Image enhancement aims at improving the aesthetic visual quality of photos by retouching the color and tone, and is an essential technology for professional digital photography. Recent years deep learning-based image enhancement algorithms have achieved promising performance and attracted increasing popularity. However, typical efforts attempt to construct a uniform enhancer for all pixels' color transformation. It ignores the pixel differences between different content (e.g., sky, ocean, etc.) that are significant for photographs, causing unsatisfactory results. In this paper, we propose a novel learnable context-aware 4-dimensional lookup table (4D LUT), which achieves content-dependent enhancement of different contents in each image via adaptively learning of photo context. In particular, we first introduce a lightweight context encoder and a parameter encoder to learn a context map for the pixel-level category and a group of image-adaptive coefficients, respectively. Then, the context-aware 4D LUT is generated by integrating multiple basis 4D LUTs via the coefficients. Finally, the enhanced image can be obtained by feeding the source image and context map into fused context-aware 4D LUT via quadrilinear interpolation. Compared with traditional 3D LUT, i.e., RGB mapping to RGB, which is usually used in camera imaging pipeline systems or tools, 4D LUT, i.e., RGBC(RGB+Context) mapping to RGB, enables finer control of color transformations for pixels with different content in each image, even though they have the same RGB values. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art methods in widely-used benchmarks.
Automated combinatorial chemistry on solid phase (1996)

High-speed solid-phase synthesis of diverse, non-peptidyl small organic molecules in a spatially dispersed combinatorial library format is accomplished with the OntoBLOCK system. This proprietary automation system supports reagent introduction and removal, agitation, inert atmosphere, temperature control, pressure control, and vacuum drying. General purpose reaction blocks are moved along an assembly line and are processed by various task-specific workstations. Compounds are cleaved from each of the 96 individual reaction vessels of the reaction block directly into the wells of a standard 96-well microtiter plate. These plates, with one compound per well, are readily accepted into automated throughput screening systems. A customized mass spectrometer processes the microtiter plates and produces a mass spectrum for each compound. Synthesis of compounds in the OntoBLOCK system is driven by instrument control language (ICL) scripts. Client/server database software for inventory control, experiment design, instrument control, and data analysis is written in Visual Basic and Oracle7. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Radio Channel Degradation Detection and Diagnosis Based on Statistical Analysis (2011)

In complex radio environments like cellular mobile networks, the quality of the radio channel strongly affects the service quality experienced by users. Degraded channel quality makes users unsatisfied and thus results in revenue loss for the operator. This is particularly important as most of the cell level faults result in channel degradations. As the complexity of commercial cellular networks is increasing, the need for reliable automated detection of cells with degraded radio quality has become essential. Channel degradation detection alone is already a challenging task but finding the root cause is usually even harder. Human experts with decades of experience in the telecommunication domain are having hard times during investigating the root cause of degraded service quality. Our demonstration introduces a framework that is on one hand capable to detect cells with channel degradations and on the other hand differentiate between possible root causes. The showcases are implemented in a simulated 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) environment animated on a 3D graphical scene.
Super-resolution optical imaging: A comparison (2018)

Overcoming the classical diffraction limit in optical microscopy is known to be achievable by a variety of far-field and near-field microscopy techniques. More recently, so-called micro-object-based optical super-resolution microscopy techniques have emerged. In this review, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of optical super-resolution imaging techniques. In the first section, far-field techniques are discussed, which can be considered as advanced classical optical microscopy methods that mostly operate with fluorescent samples. In the second section, near-field techniques are presented that achieve super-resolution by maintaining a close distance between a nanometric detection unit and the sample, such that evanescent waves can be captured and processed. Near-field methods typically involve some scanning procedure to be able to map a reasonably large area of the sample. In the third section, dielectricmicro-object-based techniques are discussed. These provide amore recent, practical and affordable alternative to the other super-resolution microscopies. Finally, we provide a comparison of the presented techniques in terms of performance and cost, pointing out the application-specific strength of each imaging method. (c) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Wet Oxidation of Process Waters from the Hydrothermal Carbonization of Sewage Sludge (2018)

Abstract Combing hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sewage sludge with wet oxidation of the resulting process waters (PWs) is a favorable economic process leading to a wastewater that is better amenable to biological treatments. Five PWs from HTC of sewage sludge and straw were oxidized with molecular oxygen. A good removal of chemical oxygen demand and dissolved organic carbon was shown. The oxidized waters proved good substrates for a subsequent anaerobic digestion. However, the oxidized PWs were identified as more toxic in germination tests with cress ( Lepidium sativum L.) compared to the untreated PWs.
Health monitoring of an electro-hydraulic system using ordered neural networks (2003)

An electro-hydraulic system (EHS) that consists of a hydraulic pump driven by brushless DC motor is monitored for pump cavitation using feedforward fully connected artificial neural networks. The effectiveness of monitoring is demonstrated in a laboratory environment using open software architecture (OSA) framework.
Speeding Up VM Image Distribution for Cloud Data Centers (2016)

An efficient scheme of virtual machine image dissemination, which takes up a major portion of VM provisioning time, is key to ensuring that the service can be provisioned and delivered to clients in a timely manner. This paper presents a novel peer-to-peer protocol to efficiently distribute virtual machine images in a cloud data center. The primary idea of our proposal is to expedite the peer-to-peer content delivery by taking advantage of a high level of similarity that oftentimes exists among different VM images. The efficacy of our protocol is validated through an evaluation that demonstrates substantial performance gains over existing approaches.
Rapid Killing of Acinetobacter baumannii by Polymyxins Is Mediated by a Hydroxyl Radical Death Pathway (2012)

Acinetobacter baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen that is a cause of clinically significant nosocomial infections. Increasingly, clinical isolates of A. baumannii are extensively resistant to numerous antibiotics, and the use of polymyxin antibiotics against these infections is often the final treatment option. Historically, the polymyxins have been thought to kill bacteria through membrane lysis. Here, we present an alternative mechanism based on data demonstrating that polymyxins induce rapid cell death through hydroxyl radical production. Supporting this notion, we found that inhibition of radical production delays the ability of polymyxins to kill A. baumannii. Notably, we demonstrate that this mechanism of killing occurs in multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of A. baumannii and that this response is not induced in a polymyxin-resistant isolate. This study is the first to demonstrate that polymyxins induce rapid killing of A. baumannii and other Gram-negatives through hydroxyl radical production. This significantly augments our understanding of the mechanism of polymyxin action, which is critical knowledge toward the development of adjunctive therapies, particularly given the increasing necessity for treatment with these antibiotics in the clinical setting.
Advanced exposure and focus control by proximity profile signature matching (2006)

As the advanced IC device process shrinks to below sub-micron dimensions (90 nm, 65 nm and beyond), the process window (Depth of Focus, DOF) decreases to as low as < 0.2 μm. The impact of defocus on final CD results cannot be ignored any more or be compensated by adjusting exposure energy without side effect because the optical behavior of focus is totally different from that of exposure energy. We have developed an advanced control system to detect and correct for variations in both focus and exposure energy. A library of focus exposure matrix (FEM) models is first set up with pattern profiles of different pitches. The inline photoresist profiles of features of various pitches are then fitted to the database in the FEM models. The exposure and focus with which those features have been processed can be estimated. This approach utilizes information of both resist profile and proximity through focus behaviors and therefore gives more accurate extrapolation of defocus than using profile or proximity alone. The approach can also be used to distinguish process drifts caused by exposure and focus from those caused by other process parameters such as PEB temperature, developing parameters and illumination.
5G V2X System-Level Architecture of 5GCAR Project (2019)

One of the goals of the 5G Communication Automotive Research and innovation (5GCAR) project has been to evaluate and propose system architecture enhancements aiming at supporting the strict requirements of vehicle-to-everything (V2X) use cases. In this paper, we provide an overview of 3GPP 5G system architecture, which is used as a baseline architecture in the project, and we present the main architectural enhancements introduced by 5GCAR. The work of the project focused on the following categories: (i) end-to-end security, also including aspects of privacy; (ii) network orchestration and management; (iii) network procedures; (iv) edge computing enhancements; and (v) multi-connectivity cooperation. The enhancements introduced by 5GCAR to above-listed categories are discussed in this paper, while a more detailed analysis of some selected features is presented.
Environmental Regulation of Lateral Root Emergence in<i>Medicago truncatula</i>Requires the HD-Zip I Transcription Factor HB1 (2010)

The adaptation of root architecture to environmental constraints is a major agricultural trait, notably in legumes, the third main crop worldwide. This root developmental plasticity depends on the formation of lateral roots (LRs) emerging from primary roots. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, the HD-Zip I transcription factor HB1 is expressed in primary and lateral root meristems and induced by salt stress. Constitutive expression of HB1 in M. truncatula roots alters their architecture, whereas hb1 TILLING mutants showed increased lateral root emergence. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, promoter mutagenesis, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-PCR assays revealed that HB1 directly recognizes a CAATAATTG cis-element present in the promoter of a LOB-like (for Lateral Organ Boundaries) gene, LBD1, transcriptionally regulated by auxin. Expression of these genes in response to abscisic acid and auxin and their behavior in hb1 mutants revealed an HB1-mediated repression of LBD1 acting during LR emergence. M. truncatula HB1 regulates an adaptive developmental response to minimize the root surface exposed to adverse environmental stresses.