gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Percutaneous transluminal valvuloplasty in aortic valve stenosis in children]. (1988)

Percutaneous transluminal balloon valvuloplasty has been used in children since 1983 to treat tight aortic valve stenosis. Although more than 100 cases have been published, its indications compared with those of surgical valvulotomy have not yet been clearly defined. Twelve patients with tight aortic valve stenosis underwent transluminal balloon valvuloplasty: 3 were infants whose ages ranged from 1 month and 24 days to 3 months and 23 days (mean 80 +/- 13.7 days), and 9 were children aged from 4 to 17 years (mean 10.44 +/- 4.61 years). Aortic regurgitation grade I (5) or grade III (1) was present in 6 cases. An 8-year old child had previously undergone surgical aortic valvulotomy simultaneously with repair of aortic coarctation. Other associated malformations were congenital grade III mitral regurgitation in 1 case and Turner's syndrome in 1 case. Dilatation was performed with one or two successive balloons in 11 patients and with two balloons concomitantly in 1 patient. The diameter of the balloon (or the sum of those of the two balloons) was 77 to 112 percent of the diameter of the aortic annulus, but in one case this figure rose to 119 percent after failure of dilatation with a smaller balloon. One infant died at the end of the dilatation, due to perforation of the left ventricle. Another infant developed inferior myocardial infarction which followed a favourable course and left minimal sequelae.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
A simple microcomputer-based system for real-time analysis of cell behaviour (1987)

An image analysis package based on a BBC microcomputer has been developed, which can simultaneously track many moving cells in vitro. Cells (rabbit neutrophil leucocytes, BHK C13 fibroblasts, or PC12 phaeochromocytoma cells) are viewed under phase optics with a monochrome TV camera, and the signal digitized. Successive frames are acquired by the computer as a 640 X 256 pixel array. Under controlled lighting conditions, cells can readily be isolated from the background by binary filtering. In real-time tracking, the positions of a given cell in successive frames are obtained by searching the area around the cell's centroid in the previous frame. A simple box-search algorithm is described, which proves highly successful at low cell densities. The resilience of different search algorithms to various exceptional conditions (such as collisions) is discussed. The success of this system in real-time tracking is largely dependent upon the leisurely speed of movement of cells, and on obtaining a clean, high quality optical image to analyse. The limitations of this technique for different cell types, and the possible configurations of more sophisticated hardware, are outlined. This system provides a versatile and automated solution to the problem of studying the movement of tissue cells.
Construction and Expression of Bi-Functional Proteins of Single-Chain Fv With Effector Domains (1996)

We fused various polypeptide extensions to the C-termini of single chain Fv (scFv) and disulfide-stabilized Fv (dsFv) fragments to facilitate detection of bi-functional proteins or to add biological effector domains, which included the human metallothionein (HMT) motif and biotin mimetic sequence. These bi-functional proteins were expressed and secreted in a recombinant Pichia pastoris system and showed specific anti-idiotype binding activity, as determined by competitive radioimmunoassaying. However, the fusion protein constructed with dsFv- HMT, but not scFv-HMT, had lost this binding activity. The interruption of the structural conformation as a result in dsFv-HMT may be explained by the interactions between the cysteines engineered in dsFv domains and the cysteines in the HMT region.
Quantum efficiency of stimulated emission in colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (2009)

External differential quantum efficiencies were studied for the stimulated emission of thin films of colloidal CdSe/CdS/ZnS nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) using the integrating sphere technique. A maximum efficiency of 34% was measured for the stimulated emission in NQDs which far exceeds that for spontaneous emission (9%). The competition between the radiative exciton/biexciton recombination and the carrier density-dependent nonradiative relaxation processes in NQDs was modeled to account for the observed difference in efficiency.
Laser Marking Of Passive Components, Hybrids And Semiconductors (1986)

Pulsed CO<sub>2</sub> TEA lasers are widely used in the electronics and semiconductor industries to mark passive components, hybrids and semiconductors. In addition to marking simple product identifying codes, an increasing requirement is to have the laser system mark variable information, derived from test results, on these products. This has required the development of laser beam delivery systems of increasing sophistication, capable of marking both alphanumerics and machine readable bar-codes, that are interfaced to test and process control equipment to permit high-speed, variable information coding.
Novel Cyclic Biphenyl Ether Peptide β-Strand Mimetics and HIV-Protease Inhibitors (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTNovel Cyclic Biphenyl Ether Peptide β-Strand Mimetics and HIV-Protease InhibitorsJames W. Janetka, Prakash Raman, Ken Satyshur, George R. Flentke, and Daniel H. RichView Author Information Department of Chemistry & School of Pharmacy University of WisconsinMadison 425 North Charter Street, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 2, 441–442Publication Date (Web):January 15, 1997Publication History Received7 October 1996Published online15 January 1997Published inissue 1 January 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963495uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963495urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views560Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Ethers,Hydrocarbons,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
Improving Stepwise Assembly of a Bispecific F(ab′)<sub>2</sub> from Two Different Fab′ Molecules (2017)

An upstream process was developed for large-scale assembly of bispecific F(ab′)2 from two different Fab′ molecules. We identified a novel product-related structural variant that is difficult to remove downstream and modified our process to decrease its generation during the assembly step. The resulting multistep process includes affinity capture, an on-column cysteine uncapping step, batch reoxidation and pyridylation, and assembly of the two Fab′ molecules into a F(ab′)2. Optimizations include selection of hinge domain-specific reducing agent, column chromatography conditions, and reaction pH. We selected L-reduced Glutathione to target hinge cysteines for reduction, uncapping the Fab′ while minimizing off-target reduction. We scaled up the improved method for assembling bispecific F(ab′)2 with similar assembly efficiency but significantly improved product quality, generating a pool with bispecific F(ab′)2 for downstream processing.
Prospective Investigation of Nasal Mupirocin, Hexachlorophene Body Wash, and Systemic Antibiotics for Prevention of Recurrent Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections (2011)

Recurrent community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) skin infections are an increasingly common problem. However, there are no data on the efficacy of decolonization regimens. We prospectively evaluated 31 patients with recurrent CA-MRSA skin infections who received nasal mupirocin, topical hexachlorophene body wash, and an oral anti-MRSA antibiotic. The mean number of MRSA infections after the intervention decreased significantly from baseline (0.03 versus 0.84 infections/month, P = <0.0001). This regimen appears promising at preventing recurrent CA-MRSA infections.
[An improved assay for plasma tissue factor activity]. (1995)

We developed an improved assay for measuring tissue factor activity in plasma with chromogenic substrate (S-2765) which is highly sensitive to factor Xa. In the ordinary assay with S-2222, it was required to prepare the euglobulin fraction of plasma and to heat it, while the improved assay required 20-fold-diluted plasma with Owren's barbital buffer (pH 7.35). The absorbance at 405nm on a colorimeter and human placental tissue thromboplastin preparation (HPT; Thromborel S, Behringwerke AG) was regressed on a semilogarithmic curve. The mean value obtained by this assay for normal subjects was 15.8 +/- 16.4 micrograms/ml HPT (mean +/- 2SD). A correlation of tissue factor activities assayed by the present method and the ordinary method was 0.62. Our data suggest that this improved assay is a useful method for measuring the plasma tissue factor activity.
Guanine Radical Cations Are Precursors of 7,8-Dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine But Are Not Precursors of Immediate Strand Breaks in DNA (1996)

Biphotonic photoionization of frozen aqueous solutions of DNA at 248 nm has been shown by EPR spectroscopy to lead selectively to the guanine cation. In H218O under these conditions high levels of [18O]-7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine are produced in a dose-dependent manner, confirming direct formation of this oxidation product by hydration of the guanine cation. Photoionization of defined oligonucleotides did not give rise to significant levels of immediate strand breaks but generated G-specific alkali-labile sites that are readily cleaved by piperidine treatment. Authentic oligonucleotides containing 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG, 5) sites are slowly cleaved at these sites on treatment with piperidine but at rates inconsistent with this being the source of the alkali-labile site. Photoionization of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine-containing oligonucleotides demonstrated that this residue is highly susceptible to secondary oxidation and leads to formation of a markedly more alkali-labile lesion. Photoionization of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine leads to release of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine suggesting that the alkali-labile site on photoionization of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine-containing oligonucleotides is an apurinic site. However, the lack of significant 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine release on photoionization of the parent oligonucleotides rules out secondary oxidation of 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2‘-deoxyguanosine as the mechanism of formation of alkali-labile sites.
Pathogenic function of IL-1<i>β</i>in psoriasiform skin lesions of flaky skin (<i>fsn/fsn</i>) mice (2001)

IL-1 acts on many cells as an inflammatory mediator. Its two forms, IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta, are regulated differentially within hyperproliferative inflammatory skin conditions, such as psoriasis. While IL-1 alpha is down-regulated within psoriatic lesions, the levels of IL-1 beta are increased. However, some investigators have described an inactive form of IL-1 beta in psoriasis, while others have detected increased IL-1 beta activity within these lesions. Thus, its in vivo role remains unclear. We have assessed expression and function of IL-1 beta within psoriasiform skin lesions of the spontaneous mouse mutation flaky skin (fsn/fsn ). It was found that IL-1 beta was increased by 357% within psoriasiform lesions of fsn/fsn mice compared with their wild-type or heterozygous (+/?) littermates (P < 0.00001). When the IL-1 beta function was inhibited by i.p. injection with a neutralizing MoAb, no effects were seen in +/? mice. In contrast, psoriasiform features in fsn/fsn mice were alleviated dramatically, as demonstrated by a 40% decrease of the epidermal thickness and a diminished number of intra-epidermal microabscesses. In addition, infiltrating epidermal CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were decreased by 68% and 81%, respectively (P < 0.05), and epidermal Langerhans cells also were reduced by 36% (P < 0.005). In contrast, mast cells were not affected, suggesting differential responses of various cutaneous cell types. Our results demonstrate an important in vivo role of IL-1 beta for the generation of hyperproliferative inflammatory skin lesions in the fsn/fsn model.
Metabotropic glutamate receptors trigger postsynaptic protein synthesis. (1993)

K+ depolarization or addition of glutamate to a synaptoneurosome preparation triggers a rapid increase in size of polyribosomal aggregates isolated by centrifugation of lysate through 1 M sucrose. The profile of response to the glutamate analogues quisqualate, ibotenate, and 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate corresponds to that of metabotropic receptors. Glutamate stimulation is mimicked by the diacylglycerol analogue 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol and by the protein kinase C activator phorbol dibutyrate. The phospholipase blockers 2-nitro-4-carboxyphenyl-N,N-diphenylcarbamate and quinacrine reduce the late phase of the response. The protein kinase C inhibitor calphostin C suppresses the response to 1-aminocyclopentane-1,3-dicarboxylate. These data indicate that glutamatergic synapses upregulate postsynaptic protein synthesis via metabotropic glutamate receptors coupled to the phosphatidylinositol second-messenger system. This mechanism could underlie the reported involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in long-term potentiation and other forms of neural plasticity.
Halocyamines: novel antimicrobial tetrapeptide-like substances isolated from the hemocytes of the solitary ascidian Halocynthia roretzi (1990)

Two novel antimicrobial tetrapeptide-like substances, halocyamine A and B, were isolated from the solitary ascidian Halocynthia roretzi by a procedure including extraction steps, chromatographies on coarse and fine HP-20 columns, and preparative reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures of halocyamine A and B were determined to be L-histidyl-L-6,7-dihydroxyphenylalanylglycyl-6-bromo-8,9-didehy drotryptamine and L-threonyl-L-6,7-dihydroxyphenylalanyl-L-histidyl-6-bromo-8,9- didehydrotryptamine, respectively, by spectral analyses and degradation studies. Besides antimicrobial activities against several kinds of bacteria and yeasts, both of them showed cytotoxic activities against neuronal cells cultured from rat fetal brain, mouse neuroblastoma N-18 cells, and human hepatoma Hep-G2 cells. They were only detected in the "morula"-like cells, which are of the most abundant cell type among the hemocytes of H. roretzi.
Open-Channel Microfluidic Membrane Device for Long-Term FT-IR Spectromicroscopy of Live Adherent Cells (2015)

Spatially resolved infrared spectroscopy is a label-free and nondestructive analytical technique that can provide spatiotemporal information on functional groups in biomolecules of a sample by their characteristic vibrational modes. One difficulty in performing long-term FT-IR measurements on live cells is the competition between the strong IR absorption from water and the need to supply nutrients and remove waste. In this proof of principle study, we developed an open-channel membrane device that allows long-term continuous IR measurement of live, adherent mammalian cells. Composed of a gold-coated porous membrane between a feeding channel and a viewing chamber, it allows cells to be maintained on the upper membrane surface in a thin layer of fluid while media is replenished from the feeding channel below. Using this device, we monitored the spatiotemporal chemical changes in living colonies of PC12 cells under nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulation for up to 7 days using both conventional globar and high-resolution synchrotron radiation-based IR sources. We identified the primary chemical change cells undergo is an increase in glycogen that may be associated with secretion of glycoprotein to protect the cells from evaporative stress at the air-liquid interface. Analyzing the spectral maps with multivariate methods of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), we found that the cells at the boundary of the colony and in a localized region in the center of the colony tend to produce more glycogen and glycoprotein than cells located elsewhere in the colony and that the degree of spatial heterogeneity decreases with time. This method provides a promising approach for long-term live-cell spectromicroscopy on mammalian cell systems.
The synthesis and cloning of two tyrosine suppressor tRNA genes with altered promoter sequences. (1981)

The total synthesis of the suppressor tRNA gene (ssu1) containing a 51-base pair long "natural" promoter has previously been reported. In this paper, we describe the synthesis and characterization of two genes (ssu3 and ssu4) in which the promoter sequence present in the parent ssu1 gene has been altered. The modifications, introduced as a part of the study of structure-function relationships, were placed in the two known prominent regions of homology. The change introduced in ssu3 was a G:C to A:T transition at -10 nucleotide, while the two changes incorporated in ssu4 involved a G:C to A:T transition at -36 nucleotide and a G:C to T:A transversion at -38 nucleotide. The promoters containing the modifications were constructed by T4-polynucleotide ligase joining of the appropriate chemically synthesized oligonucleotides. These promoters then replaced the promoter region of the cloned and previously synthesized ssu2 gene by utilization of the HindIII site present at the junction of the promoter and the structural gene. The genes containing the modified promoters have been cloned into the plasmid vector pBR322 by insertion into the unique Eco RI site. The DNA sequencing of the cloned genes now described as well as that of the previously cloned and chemically synthesized genes (ssu1 and ssu2) provide direct confirmation of the accuracy of the synthetic work (chemical and enzymatic) at all stages.
Palifermin for Oral Mucositis after Intensive Therapy for Hematologic Cancers (2004)

Palifermin reduced the duration and severity of oral mucositis after intensive chemotherapy and radiotherapy for hematologic cancers.
Compact and broad-band millimeter-wave monolithic transformer balanced mixers (2005)

Three broad-band miniature monolithic transformer singly balanced diode mixers for operation in the microwave and millimeter-wave bands are reported in this paper. The coupled-line equivalent models are used to synthesize the initial design of these transformers up to 50 GHz. The first one is a broad-band spiral transformer mixer, and the second one is a 21-GHz Marchand-type transformer mixer. These two mixers with chip sizes around 0.29 mm/sup 2/ exhibit bandwidths of 105% and 54.5%, respectively. We also propose a 30-GHz single-coiled transformer mixer, which has comparable performance with the first two mixers and reduced chip size. The single-coiled transformer mixer achieves a bandwidth of 100% with the chip size smaller than 0.25mm/sup 2/. In order to save chip area, all these transformers provide broad-band matching to the diodes directly. To the authors' knowledge, these mixers achieve the widest bandwidths with the smallest chip sizes among all passive balanced mixers using monolithic-microwave integrated-circuit processes in dc-40-GHz frequency range.
Microfluidic very large-scale integration for biochips: Technology, testing and fault-tolerant design (2015)

Microfluidic biochips are replacing the conventional biochemical analyzers by integrating all the necessary functions for biochemical analysis using microfluidics. Biochips are used in many application areas, such as, in vitro diagnostics, drug discovery, biotech and ecology. The focus of this paper is on continuous-flow biochips, where the basic building block is a microvalve. By combining these microvalves, more complex units such as mixers, switches, multiplexers can be built, hence the name of the technology, “microfluidic Very Large-Scale Integration” (mVLSI). A roadblock in the deployment of microfluidic biochips is their low reliability and lack of test techniques to screen defective devices before they are used for biochemical analysis. Defective chips lead to repetition of experiments, which is undesirable due to high reagent cost and limited availability of samples. This paper presents the state-of-the-art in the mVLSI platforms and emerging research challenges in the area of continuous-flow microfluidics, focusing on testing techniques and fault-tolerant design.
Response of Memory CD8+ T Cells to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus in Recovered SARS Patients and Healthy Individuals (2005)

To date, the pathogenesis of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in humans is still not well understood. SARS coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-specific CTL responses, in particular their magnitude and duration of postinfection immunity, have not been extensively studied. In this study, we found that heat-inactivated SARS-CoV elicited recall CTL responses to newly identified spike protein-derived epitopes (SSp-1, S978, and S1202) in peripheral blood of all HLA-A*0201(+) recovered SARS patients over 1 year postinfection. Intriguingly, heat-inactivated SARS-CoV elicited recall-like CTL responses to SSp-1 but not to S978, S1202, or dominant epitopes from several other human viruses in 5 of 36 (13.8%) HLA-A*0201(+) healthy donors without any contact history with SARS-CoV. SSp-1-specific CTLs expanded from memory T cells of both recovered SARS patients, and the five exceptional healthy donors shared a differentiated effector CTL phenotype, CD45RA(+)CCR7(-)CD62L(-), and expressed CCR5 and CD44. However, compared with the high avidity of SSp-1-specific CTLs derived from memory T cells of recovered SARS patients, SSp-1-specific CTLs from the five exceptional healthy donors were of low avidity, as determined by their rapid tetramer dissociation kinetics and reduced cytotoxic reactivity, IFN-gamma secretion, and intracellular production of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, perforin, and granzyme A. These results indicate that SARS-CoV infection induces strong and long-lasting CTL-mediated immunity in surviving SARS patients, and that cross-reactive memory T cells to SARS-CoV may exist in the T cell repertoire of a small subset of healthy individuals and can be reactivated by SARS-CoV infection.
Development of VR-STEF system with force display glove system (2005)

For functional training, however it is important to evaluate the motion functions of trainee, traditional evaluations have problems on subjectivity. We aimed to quantitatively and objectively recreate clinically relevant motion function evaluations by VR technology; to use data gained from traditional evaluations and to computerize evaluation. We also aimed to consider a gap between robotic and conventional rehabilitation. In this paper, we reported virtual glove and VR-STEF systems that are able to recreate a Simple Test for Evaluating Hand Function, STEF.