gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling Expeditionary Battlefield Manufacturing Using Recycled, Reclaimed, and/or Indigenous Materials (2017)

Abstract : The ability to manufacture at the point of need in austere environments is a very important concept for the armed services. Research at the US Army Research Laboratory is showing that agile, expeditionary manufacturing could be accomplished through the use of materials indigenous to the location of our operating bases. Indigenous materials include not only the organic and inorganic materials naturally occurring in the area, but could also include recycled and reclaimed materials from the operating bases (metals, polymers, etc.) as well as battlefield scrap. This idea could potentially reduce the huge logistics tail needed to conduct wars on foreign soil, saving valuable resources and lives and allowing the warfighter to perform the mission instead of guarding and securing convoy transports. This report discusses research in 3 different areas: production of additive manufacturing-grade metallic powders in-theater, 3D printing of desert sand for casting molds on the battlefield, and 3D printing of recycled polymers.
Combined OX40L and mTOR blockade controls effector T cell activation while preserving T <sub>reg</sub> reconstitution after transplant (2017)

A critical question facing the field of transplantation is how to control effector T cell (T<sub>eff</sub>) activation while preserving regulatory T cell (T<sub>reg</sub>) function. Standard calcineurin inhibitor-based strategies can partially control T<sub>effs</sub>, but breakthrough activation still occurs, and these agents are antagonistic to T<sub>reg</sub> function. Conversely, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibition with sirolimus is more T<sub>reg</sub>-compatible but is inadequate to fully control T<sub>eff</sub> activation. In contrast, blockade of OX40L signaling has the capacity to partially control T<sub>eff</sub> activation despite maintaining T<sub>reg</sub> function. We used the nonhuman primate graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) model to probe the efficacy of combinatorial immunomodulation with sirolimus and the OX40L-blocking antibody KY1005. Our results demonstrate significant biologic activity of KY1005 alone (prolonging median GVHD-free survival from 8 to 19.5 days), as well as marked, synergistic control of GVHD with KY1005 + sirolimus (median survival time, >100 days; <i>P</i> < 0.01 compared to all other regimens), which was associated with potent control of both T<sub>H</sub>/T<sub>C</sub>1 (T helper cell 1/cytotoxic T cell 1) and T<sub>H</sub>/T<sub>C</sub>17 activation. Combined administration also maintained T<sub>reg</sub> reconstitution [resulting in an enhanced T<sub>reg</sub>/T<sub>eff</sub> ratio (40% over baseline) in the KY1005/sirolimus cohort compared to a 2.9-fold decrease in the unprophylaxed GVHD cohort]. This unique immunologic signature resulted in transplant recipients that were able to control GVHD for the length of analysis and to down-regulate donor/recipient alloreactivity despite maintaining anti-third-party responses. These data indicate that combined OX40L blockade and sirolimus represents a promising strategy to induce immune balance after transplant and is an important candidate regimen for clinical translation.
ChemInform Abstract: SRN1 Synthesis of vic‐Dinitro Compounds Containing a Nitrodioxane Subunit. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Alkaline Hydrolysis/Biodegradation of Nitrocellulose Fines (1998)

Abstract : Cellulose nitrate constitutes an important industrial feedstock, with applications ranging from fingernail polish and photographic films, to explosives. The high level of nitration required for these explosive materials creates a significant environmental problem with respect to the necessary degradation of waste inevitably discharged from their manufacturing operations. These waste solids have proven to be remarkably stable, leading to a traditional reliance on open-field incineration as a means of disposal. This research explored an alternative degradation procedure to eliminate the waste fines based on alkaline hydrolysis followed by biodegradation. In particular, the effort focused on optimizing the hydrolysis operation in terms of solids reduction, practicality, and cost. In addition, biodegradation studies were conducted on the resulting hydrolysate to determine under what conditions amenability to biodegradation was maximized. Primarily using sodium hydroxide at low concentrations and temperatures, this research effort successfully achieved complete solubilization and denitration of the nitrocellulose. The resulting hydrolysate, containing significant concentrations of nitrite and nitrate, proved to be substantially amenable to aerobic biodegradation by an acclimated, mixed bacterial culture.
Symbiont dynamics during ecosystem succession: co-occurring plant and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities (2016)

Although mycorrhizas are expected to play a key role in community assembly during ecological succession, little is known about the dynamics of the symbiotic partners in natural systems. For instance, it is unclear how efficiently plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi disperse into early successional ecosystems, and which, if either, symbiotic partner drives successional dynamics. This study describes the dynamics of plant and AM fungal communities, assesses correlation in the composition of plant and AM fungal communities and compares dispersal limitation of plants and AM fungi during succession. We studied gravel pits 20 and 50 years post abandonment and undisturbed grasslands in Western Estonia. The composition of plant and AM fungal communities was strongly correlated, and the strength of the correlation remained unchanged as succession progressed, indicating a stable dependence among mycorrhizal plants and AM fungi. A relatively high proportion of the AM fungal taxon pool was present in early successional sites, in comparison with the respective fraction of plants. These results suggest that AM fungi arrived faster than plants and may thus drive vegetation dynamics along secondary vegetation succession.
Copper(II) Tetrafluoroborate-Catalyzed Formation of Aldehyde-1,1-diacetates<sup/> (2004)

Aldehyde 1,1-diacetates are formed in excellent yields from aldehydes and acetic anhydride under solvent-free conditions at room temperature in short times in the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) tetrafluoroborate hydrate.
Variability of competitive performance of distance runners (2001)

Tests of endurance power suitable for assessing the smallest worthwhile changes in running performance for top runners need CV < or = 2.5% and < or = 1.5% for tests simulating half or full marathons and shorter running races, respectively. Most of the differences in variability of race times between types of race, ability groups, age groups, and sexes probably arise from differences in competitive experience and attitude toward competing.
UV microscopy at 280 nm is effective in screening for the growth of protein microcrystals (2005)

This paper describes the relatively simple modification of a light microscope to operate with ultraviolet-based optics. Using a 280 nm UV illumination source, protein microcrystals are readily visualized in gels made from hydrated bilayers of phospholipids. Non-colored proteins stand out as clearly as colored proteins in this system, the imaging of which is based on UV absorption by tryptophan residues. In addition, protein crystals are easily distinguished from salt crystals. Artifacts from the lipid-based crystallization medium, which are frequently seen in brightfield microscopy, are greatly reduced when viewed in this UV-based microscope.
Physicochemical properties of dietary protein as predictors for digestibility or releasing percentage of amino acids in monogastrics under <i>in-vitro</i> conditions (2022)

The nutritional values of the protein are related to its amino acid content, and its physicochemical properties. We aimed to determine the relationship between the variation of protein digestibility or the releasing coefficient of amino acids with the physicochemical properties of different feedstuffs. We analysed the secondary protein structure and solubility of 10 protein-rich feed ingredients, including soybean, soybean meal, dehulled soybean meal, fermented soybean meal, distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS), feather meal, fish meal, rapeseed meal, corn gluten meal, and corn germ meal. The results showed that the soybeans and their products had greater protein solubility than the other dietary protein (p < .001). Fish meal, rapeseed meal and all soybean sources had the higher protein digestibility and releasing coefficient of amino acids, also reached different peaks in shorter times. But corn germ meal, corn gluten meal, and feather meal exhibited lower releasing coefficient of amino acids and weaker solubility (p < .001). The in-vitro protein digestibility or releasing coefficient of total amino acid had positive regression coefficients with α-helix, α-helix/β-sheet, and solubility; and a negative regression coefficient with β-sheet. Feedstuffs with faster amino acid releasing rate had higher α-helix, α-helix/β-sheet and solubility and lower β-sheet. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of the dietary protein could be used as predictors for the amino acids’ digestibility and amino acid bioavailability.Highlights We evaluated the protein solubility, protein digestibility, and releasing coefficient of amino acids among the most common feedstuffs for monogastric animals The physicochemical properties of dietary protein could be used as predictors for the digestibility or releasing rate of amino acids in monogastric. The feed industry formulation might be reconsidered since the most common feedstuffs possess novel concepts.
Synthetic heterodyne interferometry for semiconductor laser spectral analysis (1984)

The laser is frequency shift keyed by superimposing a small amplitude square-wave signal on a bias injection current. The modulation period 2 T0 is chosen to be much longer than the dynamic response time of the laser and than the correlation time of its phase-noise process. Then the laser is time-shared between two steady states with different frequencies and uncorrelated phases. The optical field is analyzed by an unbalanced Mach-Zehnder single mode fiber interferometer of which the optical path difference is adjusted to be CT0. A detector at the output of the interferometer acts as an optical product detector. Therefore a spectrum analyser gives a transposition at a radioelectric frequency of the correlation product of the two states lineshapes. The one can easily measure the linewidth and dependence of the optical frequency on the injection current.
Behavioral effects of chronic phencyclidine in monkeys (1999)

Phencyclidine (PCP) and other NMDA receptor antagonists such as ketamine induce psychotic symptoms that are difficult to reverse with current medications and which closely resemble those of schizophrenia. This study investigated the behavioral effects of continuous PCP administration in six socially-housed Cebus apella monkeys. Chronic treatment was associated with a sustained decrease in stereotyped locomotion (pacing) and a sustained increase in scanning behavior. Treatment was also associated with a modest decrease in self- and environment-directed behavior and goal-directed locomotion and an increase in affiliative behavior at lower doses. Four animals had one or more episodes of extreme motoric and physiological responses precipitated by stressful events. The results indicate that behavioral effects of chronic PCP in primates differ from those seen following acute treatments and represent an appropriate model system for new antipsychotic drug development.
Learning to Select Supplier Portfolios for Service Supply Chain (2016)

The research on service supply chain has attracted more and more focus from both academia and industrial community. In a service supply chain, the selection of supplier portfolio is an important and difficult problem due to the fact that a supplier portfolio may include multiple suppliers from a variety of fields. To address this problem, we propose a novel supplier portfolio selection method based on a well known machine learning approach, i.e., Ranking Neural Network (RankNet). In the proposed method, we regard the problem of supplier portfolio selection as a ranking problem, which integrates a large scale of decision making features into a ranking neural network. Extensive simulation experiments are conducted, which demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed supplier portfolio selection model can be applied in a real corporation easily in the future.
Photonic crystal directional coupler switch (2006)

We contrived special dispersion curves to break a trade-off relation between a switching length and a bandwidth of directional coupler switch. We have designed DCs with such dispersion utilizing photonic crystals.
Molecular Evidence for OCT4-Induced Plasticity in Adult Human Fibroblasts Required for Direct Cell Fate Conversion to Lineage Specific Progenitors (2014)

Here we characterize the molecular and biological requirements for OCT4 plasticity induction in human skin derived fibroblasts (hFibs) that allows direct conversion of cell fate without iPSC formation. Our results indicate that adult hFibs not only require OCT4 but also short-term exposure to reprogramming media (RM) to successfully undergo direct conversion to early hematopoietic and neural progenitor fates. RM was found to be essential in this process and allowed for unique changes in global gene expression specific to the combined effects of OCT4 and treatment with reprogramming media to establish a plastic state. This molecular state of hFib plasticity was distinct from transient expression of a full complement of iPSC reprogramming factors consistent with a lack in molecular hallmarks of iPSC formation. Human Fib-derived OCT4 plastic cells display elevated levels of developmentally related genes associated with multiple lineages, but not those associated with pluripotency. In response to changes in the extracellular environment, plastic OCT4-expressing hFibs further activate genes involved in hematopoietic as well as tripotent neural progenitor biology that allow cell fate conversion. Our study provides a working definition of hFib-induced plasticity using OCT4 and a deconvoluted system to elucidate the process of direct cell fate reprogramming.
Folding and misfolding of designed proteinlike chains with mutations (1998)

We study the impact of mutations (changes in amino acid sequence) on the thermodynamics of simple proteinlike heteropolymers consisting of N monomers, representing the amino acid sequence. The sequence is designed to fold into its native conformation on a cubic lattice. It is found that quite a large fraction, between one-half and one-third of the substitutions, which we call “cold errors,” make important contributions to the dynamics of the folding process, increasing folding times typically by a factor of 2, the altered chain still folding into the native structure. Few mutations (“hot errors”), have quite dramatic effects, leading to protein misfolding. Our analysis reveals that mutations affect primarily the energetics of the native conformation and to a much lesser extent the ensemble of unfolded conformations, corroborating the utility of the “energy gap” concept for the analysis of folding properties of proteinlike heteropolymers.
Optical Fiber/Nanowire Hybrid Structures for Efficient Three‐Dimensional Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

Effizienter als in zweidimensionalen Einheiten ist die Energieumwandlung in dreidimensionalen farbstoffsensibilisierten Solarzellen (DSSCs) in einer Hybridstruktur aus optischen Fasern und Nanodrähten. Axiale Bestrahlung von innen erhöht die Energieumwandlungseffizienz einer Hybridstruktur mit der Form einer rechteckigen Faser (siehe Bild) bis zum Sechsfachen gegenüber der Bestrahlung von außen senkrecht zur Faserachse. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Mithramycin inhibits SP1 binding and selectively inhibits transcriptional activity of the dihydrofolate reductase gene in vitro and in vivo. (1991)

The promoter of the human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) gene contains two consensus binding sites for the DNA binding protein Sp1. DNAse protection and gel mobility shift assays demonstrate binding of recombinant Sp1 to both decanucleotide Sp1 binding sequences which are located 49 and 14 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site. The more distal of the two binding sites exhibits a somewhat higher affinity for Sp1. The G-C specific DNA binding drug, mithramycin, binds to both consensus sequences and prevents subsequent Sp1 binding. Promoter-dependent in vitro transcription of a DHFR template is selectively inhibited by mithramycin when compared to the human H2b histone gene. A similar effect is also noted in vivo. Mithramycin treatment of MCF-7 human breast carcinoma cells containing an amplified DHFR gene induces selective inhibition of DHFR transcription initiation, resulting in a decline in DHFR mRNA level and enzyme activity. This selective inhibition of DHFR expression suggests that it is possible to modulate the overexpression of the DHFR gene in methotrexate resistant cells.
Design of a 32.7-GHz bandwidth AGC amplifier IC with wide dynamic range implemented in SiGe HBT (1999)

A wide-bandwidth automatic gain control (AGC) amplifier IC was developed using a self-aligned selective-epitaxial SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT). A transimpedance load circuit was used, and its damping factor was optimized to achieve a wide bandwidth of 32.7 GHz. Capacitor peaking was introduced to the second variable-gain amplifier in order to obtain a wide gain dynamic range of 19 dB. The amplifier IC has a noise figure of 18 dB and an eye pattern at 25 Gb/s.
Visceral fat is associated with lower brain volume in healthy middle‐aged adults (2010)

In middle-aged community participants, we observed a significant inverse association of anthropometric and CT-based measurements of abdominal, especially visceral, fat with total brain volume.
Torque Ripple Reduction for Switched Reluctance Motor with Optimized PWM Control Strategy (2018)

The high current ripple and torque ripple are the main drawbacks of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) since the nonlinearity and double saliency, which limits its applications. In order to eliminate the current variation and torque ripple, an optimized pulse width modulation (PWM) control is presented in this paper. The voltage ratio duty is able to be predicted precisely according to the information of the motor running parameter. Based on torque sharing functions (TSFs), the current profile is pre-computed and four regions are defined according to the reference current profiles. The three modes, excitation, demagnetization and freewheeling, are flexibly chosen according to the characteristic of the current profile. It is indicated that it is better than that of conventional PWM modulation in terms of current ripple and the current tracing performance is improved without increasing the switching frequency or changing the hysteresis band. The current ripple is defined as the peak-to-peak value dividing the average value and it is reduced by 40%. A comparison in terms of the torque ripple and copper loss is also carried out: the torque ripple is significantly reduced via the proposed scheme under both magnetic linear and saturation conditions. The torque ripple and copper loss are reduced by about 70% and 12%, respectively. The validity and effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by simulation and experimental results.
Allergen‐induced basophil activation: CD63 cell expression detected by flow cytometry in patients allergic to <i>Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus</i> and <i>Lolium perenne</i> (2001)

The basophil activation test is a highly reliable technique in the diagnosis of allergy to inhalant allergens. The sensitivity of the basophil activation test was 93.3%, and its specificity 98.4%, when using a cut-off point of 15% activated basophils as positive result.
Boundary representation modelling with local tolerances (1995)

Article Free Access Share on Boundary representation modelling with local tolerances Author: David J. Jackson Parasolid Business Unit, EDS Unigraphics, Parker's House, 46 Regent Street, Cambridge, England Parasolid Business Unit, EDS Unigraphics, Parker's House, 46 Regent Street, Cambridge, EnglandView Profile Authors Info & Claims SMA '95: Proceedings of the third ACM symposium on Solid modeling and applicationsDecember 1995 Pages 247–254https://doi.org/10.1145/218013.218067Published:01 December 1995Publication History 22citation468DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations22Total Downloads468Last 12 Months41Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Myocardial Infarction in Treated Hypertensive Patients (2000)

In these treated male hypertensive patients with good blood pressure control (139.6/85.7 mm Hg), young blacks, despite a lower MI incidence, had higher MI mortality than did their white counterparts. Their higher case fatality rate was associated with fewer coronary artery revascularizations and a higher prevalence of diabetes and smoking.
Expression of multiple human endogenous retrovirus surface envelope proteins in ovarian cancer (2006)

Individual classes of human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) genes and proteins are expressed in cancer, but expression of more than one type of HERV is rare. We report here the expression of multiple HERV genes and proteins in ovarian cell lines and tissues. Expression of HERV-K env mRNA was greater in ovarian epithelial tumors than in normal ovarian tissues (N = 254). The expression of this protein on the surface and in the cytoplasm of ovarian cancer cells was confirmed using anti-HERV-K specific antibody by flow cytometric analysis. The frequency of expression of HERV-K env protein in multitissue microarrays (N = 641) was determined by immunohistochemistry and a significant correlation with tumor histotype was found. A significantly increased expression of HERV-K was observed in tumors with low malignant potential and low grade, relative to expression in normal ovarian tissues. The increase in expression of HERV-K env protein took place in a stepwise fashion in serous papillary adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, we found that other classes of HERV env mRNAs, including ERV3 and HERV-E, are expressed in the same ovarian cancer tissues that expressed HERV-K. Furthermore, anti-HERV antibodies including anti-ERV3 (30%), anti-HERV-E (40%) and anti-HERV-K (55%) were detected in patients with ovarian cancer, but not in normal female controls. HERV env proteins are frequently transcribed and translated in ovarian epithelial tumors, and multiple HERV families are detectable in ovarian cancer. HERV env proteins, and especially those expressed on the cell surface, may serve as novel tumor targets for detection, diagnosis and immunotherapy of ovarian cancer.