gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implant compositions for the unidirectional delivery of drugs to the brain (2017)

The overall objective of this study was to design and characterize the properties of a bioadhesive trilayer sustained-release implant device for the unidirectional local delivery of anticancer compounds to the brain following the removal of glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Using acetaminophen as a model drug compound, we compressed trilayer wafers that contained (i) a bioadhesive layer, (ii) a drug layer that contained a lipid and a pore-forming hydrophilic polymer, and (iii) a third layer comprising a lipid substance. To maintain a unidirectional pathway of drug release from these trilayer wafers, the edges and the surface lipophilic layer were coated with molten wax followed by cooling of the wafer. These wafers were subsequently heat cured to promote interlayer adhesion in the device. Polyethylene oxide was utilized both as the bioadhesive layer and the pore-forming hydrophilic polymer. Glyceryl behenate was employed as the lipid. The drug release properties of the trilayer wafer were a function of (i) the molecular weight and concentration of polyethylene oxide in the drug-containing lipid layer, (ii) the presence of the bioadhesive layer on the wafer, and (iii) the lipid coating applied to the top and sides of the delivery system. The unidirectional release of the drug occurred from the device through the bioadhesive layer, and zero-order release kinetics resulted over a 10-day period after a 3-day lag time. During this period, <10% of the drug had been released from the wafer. All of the drug was released by 21 days.
Discrete color-based Euclidean-invariant signatures for feature tracking in a DIET breast cancer screening system (2007)

A Digital Image-based Elasto-Tomography (DIET) system for breast cancer screening has been proposed in which the elastic properties of breast tissue are recovered by solving an inverse problem on the surface motion of a breast under low frequency (50-100 Hz) mechanical actuation. The proposed means for capturing the surface motion of the breast in 3D is to use a stroboscope to capture images from multiple digital cameras at preselected phase angles. Photogrammetric techniques are then used to reconstruct matched point features in 3D. Since human skin lacks high contrast visual features, it is necessary to introduce artificial fiducials which can be easily extracted from digital images. The chosen fiducials are points in three different colours in differing proportions randomly applied to the skin surface. A three-dimensional signature which is invariant to locally Euclidean transformations between images is defined on the points of the lowest proportion colour. The approximate local Euclidean invariance between adjacent frames enables these points to be matched using this signature. The remaining points are matched by interpolating the transformation of the matched points. This algorithm has significant performance gains over conventional gradient-based tracking algorithms because it utilises the intrinsic problem geometry. Successful results are presented for simulated image sequences and for images of a mechanically actuated viscoelastic gel phantom with tracking errors within 3 pixels. The errors in the phantom sequence correspond to less than 0.3 mm error in space, which is more than sufficient accuracy for the DIET system.
The examination of pole geometry of consequent pole type ferrite PM axial gap motor with field winding (2017)

This paper presents the examination of consequent pole type ferrite PM axial gap motor with field winding. Especially the configuration of magnet and rotor core is analyzed with equivalent magnetic circuit and 3D FEA. The prototype was assembled and the comparison between test result and analysis is also provided. It is confirmed that high torque and efficiency characteristic is achieved when the width of magnet and rotor core are 21 deg. and 15 deg. (mechanical angle) respectively.
Is ‘dosing-to-cure’ appropriate in the face of antimicrobial resistance? (2004)

In vitro studies have defined antimicrobial concentration ranges within which resistant bacterial mutants are enriched. Each pathogen–antimicrobial combination has a characteristic range called the mutant selection window. Traditional antimicrobial dosing strategies, which are designed to cure disease, tend to place drug concentrations inside selection windows. Removal of resistant mutant subpopulations then relies on the action of host defences rather than antimicrobial treatment. Such strategies will lead increasingly to antimicrobial resistance because immunosuppression is becoming more widespread. Alternative approaches for closing the selection window and for keeping antimicrobial concentrations outside the window are discussed.
3D printable tough silicone double networks (2020)

Additive manufacturing permits innovative soft device architectures with micron resolution. The processing requirements, however, restrict the available materials, and joining chemically dissimilar components remains a challenge. Here we report silicone double networks (SilDNs) that participate in orthogonal crosslinking mechanisms-photocurable thiol-ene reactions and condensation reactions-to exercise independent control over both the shape forming process (3D printing) and final mechanical properties. SilDNs simultaneously possess low elastic modulus (E<sub>100%</sub> < 700kPa) as well as large ultimate strains (dL/L<sub>0</sub> up to ~ 400 %), toughnesses (U ~ 1.4 MJ·m<sup>-3</sup>), and strengths (σ ~ 1 MPa). Importantly, the latent condensation reaction permits cohesive bonding of printed objects to dissimilar substrates with modulus gradients that span more than seven orders of magnitude. We demonstrate soft devices relevant to a broad range of disciplines: models that simulate the geometries and mechanical properties of soft tissue systems and multimaterial assemblies for next generation wearable devices and robotics.
2P2-D26 Crawler-type Robot by use of Flexible Shafts for Searching in Debris : Characteristics of the Flexible Shafts for Movement Mechanism (2006)

In this research, a remote control mechanism for the crawler-type robot by use of flexible shafts is proposed. Since the robot does not have to mount any power unit for the locomotion on the body, the weight of the robot can be lightened and it can mount other devices alternatively. Furthermore, since the electric power is not used to the mobile mechanism on the body, the danger of fire is extremely low even if it performs rescue operation in collapsed building with gas leakage. In this report, we discuss the characteristics of the flexible shafts which are constructed for the mobile mechanism. Then we investigate the relation between the length of the flexible shaft and the traction ability of the mobile robot.
Micromachined polarization-state controller and its application to polarization-mode dispersion compensation (2002)

We demonstrate a lightwave-micromachine-based polarization-controller and experimentally verify its operation. The results suggest that micromachines may be useful in manipulating polarization states in lightwave systems and may thus lead to smaller and cheaper polarization-mode dispersion-compensators.
Prevalence of positive QuantiFERON gold in-tube testing in hidradenitis suppurativa (2018)

QFT-GIT results did not correlate with demographic characteristics or HS disease activity.
Novel Hydride Transfer Catalysis for Carbohydrate Conversions (2008)

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), an important versatile sugar derivative has been synthesized from glucose using catalytic amounts of CrCl2 in 1-ethyl-3-methylimidizolium chloride. Glycerol and glyceraldehyde were tested as sugar model compounds. Glycerol is unreactive and does not interfere with glucose conversion. Glyceraldehyde is reactive and does interfere with glucose conversion in competitive experiments. MnCl2 or FeCl2 catalyze dehydration of glyceraldehyde dimer to form compound I, a cyclic hemiacetal with an exocyclic double bond. Upon aqueous work-up I forms pyruvaldehyde. CrCl2 or VCl3 further catalyze a hydride transfer of I to form lactide. Upon aqueous work-up lactide is converted to lactic acid.
Ontology modeling of UBL process diagrams using OWL (2010)

We present a logical framework for modeling Universal Business Language (UBL) processes. The proposed framework provides a representation of the dynamic world being modeled on the user supplied axioms about preconditions and the initial state of the world, and produces a workflow specification at a higher level of abstraction. We use the Frieghtbilling process of the UBL as a case study for our experiment. Further we extract ontology from the associated UBL document that can ensure efficient information retrieval, discovery and auditing. We use the popular semantic web formalism, Web Ontology Language (OWL) for ontology construction purposes. These domain ontologies can play a useful role in many applications, like constraining requirements.
Ultra High Capacity WDM Photonic Integrated Circuits (2007)

Design and performance of large scale, dense wavelength division multiplexed InP transmitter and receiver photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are reviewed. The PICs are capable of transmitting and receiving up to 40 wavelengths at data rates up to 40Gbit/s per channel.
High-Pressure Molding and Carbonation of Cementitious Materials (1999)

Bulk carbonation of cements can have several beneficial effects, including permeability and porosity reduction, increased compressive strength, and pH reduction. Using supercritical and near-critical CO2, we examined both in-situ molding processes and postsetting treatments of cement mixtures, including those with fly ash, cement slag, and reactive silica. Specimens were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (for carbonate content), pH by a contact method, and porosity measurements such as N2 adsorption and water absorption. Surface carbonation was almost instantaneous for cured cements using supercritical CO2, and rapid bulk carbonation of forms several millimeters thick could be effected using in-situ molding. Carbonation by supercritical CO2 formed a dense layer of interlocking CaCO3 crystals in minutes. The best way to rapidly carbonate large cement forms was to harden them in a mold under CO2 pressure; these materials cured at an accelerated rate, were densified, and showed enhanced formation of crystalline calcite. In some cases this was accomplished without significant loss of microporosity. The presence of different types of reinforcing fibers did not impede carbonation by this method.
Polarimetric subsurface SAR imaging outcome of theoretical development and CARABAS III tests (2014)

This is a preliminary report on theoretical and experimental results regarding SAR imaging of buried targets. The work has been motivated by the CARABAS III radar development ongoing at Saab. The radar operates in the two bands with centre frequencies 55 and 220 MHz and with a bandwidth equal to the centre frequency. The radar design went partly parallel with a theoretical modelling work for subsurface targets. Theory predicted that the best options for discriminating the weak subsurface returns from surface returns was to use of shallow depression angles and polarimetry. However in this case returns will be very weak and radar operation must be short range. The radar is designed to comply with these requirements and performing our first dedicated subsurface detection experiments in the autumn 2013, the results obtained vividly support the theoretical predictions made.
Hybrid-Quadrature-Polarity SAR Architecture (2008)

Data products from a quadrature-polarized synthetic aperture radar (SAR) are fully characterized by Stokes parameters. In follows that choice of the polarization basis of both the transmitted and received EM fields has no impact on the measurement potential of the system. Hence the polarization plan can be selected to optimize the radar's technical performance. The logical conclusion is that the radar should transmit circular polarization, and receive orthogonal linear polarizations - the hybrid-quadrature-polarity architecture.
<i>Sf29</i> Gene of <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i> Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus Is a Viral Factor That Determines the Number of Virions in Occlusion Bodies (2008)

The genome of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) was inserted into a bacmid (Sfbac) and used to produce a mutant lacking open reading frame 29 (Sf29null). Sf29null bacmid DNA was able to generate an infection in S. frugiperda. Approximately six times less DNA was present in occlusion bodies (OBs) produced by the Sf29null bacmid in comparison to viruses containing this gene. This reduction in DNA content was consistent with fewer virus particles being packaged within Sf29null bacmid OBs, as determined by fractionation of dissolved polyhedra and comparison of occlusion-derived virus (ODV) infectivity in cell culture. DNA from Sfbac, Sf29null, or Sf29null-repair, in which the gene deletion had been repaired, were equally infectious when used to transfect S. frugiperda. All three viruses produced similar numbers of OBs, although those from Sf29null were 10-fold less infectious than viruses with the gene. Insects infected with Sf29null bacmid died approximately 24 h later than positive controls, consistent with the reduced virus particle content of Sf29null OBs. Transcripts from Sf29 were detected in infected insects 12 h prior to those from the polyhedrin gene. Homologs to Sf29 were present in other group II NPVs, and similar sequences were present in entomopoxviruses. Analysis of the Sf29 predicted protein sequence revealed signal peptide and transmembrane domains, but the presence of 12 potential N-glycosylation sites suggest that it is not an ODV envelope protein. Other motifs, including zinc-binding and threonine-rich regions, suggest degradation and adhesion functions. We conclude that Sf29 is a viral factor that determines the number of ODVs occluded in each OB.
Device Simulation of Ditch and Elevated Electrode Structures in Organic Thin-Film Transistors (2012)

A novel organic thin-film transistor structures named the “ditch structure” or “elevated electrode structure” is proposed. Device simulations show that the electrical properties of this structure are almost the same as those of a staggered structure (top-contact structure). These results are explained in terms of the electric field concentration at source electrodes with sharp corners and the electric field being vertical to the direction of the gate. The manufacturing process of this structure is as simple as that of a planar structure (bottom-contact structure), and the performance is as high as that of a staggered structure.
Development and Evaluation of a Residue Management Wheel for Hoe-Type No-Till Drills (2003)

Adoption of conservation tillage in the Pacific Northwest lags that of the United States in part due to the lack ofreliable seeding equipment for planting into the heavy residue encountered in this region. To overcome this problem, anattachment was developed to allow a hoe-type no-till drill to handle large amounts of residue and improve drill performance.The patented device (U.S. 6,345,671) consists of a fingered rubber wheel, a rubber inner ring, and a spring loaded armwhich pivots about vertical and horizontal axis. The unit is designed to attach to the tool bar of hoe-type no-till drills andpositioned so that the inner ring is next to the furrow opening shank. When seeding, the ground driven rubber fingeredwheel and inner ring hold down and walk through crop residue, preventing it from building up on the shank and seed tube.The device was evaluated in 2000 and 2001in Oregon and Washington. Test site locations varied significantly in theamount and condition of crop residue and were planted to a variety of different crops. The results showed that ascompared to the standard drill, the residue management wheel was found to increase seedling stand count of small seededcrops such as Canola and mustard by over 40 percent and large seeded crops such as wheat and barley by 16 percent.These differences were found to be statistically significant. Increases in stand generally resulted in increases in crop yieldof 6-8 percent, but these differences were not always statistically significant.
The Transition from Pre-patent to Patent Infection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) in Penaeus monodon Triggered by Pereiopod Excision. (1998)

White spot syndrome (WSS) has been found in many species of shrimp and crabs, not just in Asia but globally. The causative agent is known as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In the pre-patent stage of infection, there are no gross signs of WSS in the shrimp and they behave as though they were healthy. Although the pre-patent stage might persist for months, the transition can happen within a few hours under stressful conditions. In this study, stress was applied to the shrimp by removing one pereiopod each day. The stage of infection was evaluated by WSSV diagnostic polymerase chain reaction (WSSV PCR) using DNA prepared from the excised pereiopod. From being 2-step WSSV PCR-positive, a latently infected Penaeus monodon could become 1-step WSSV PCR-positive within just 24 to 48 h of being stressed. When the specimen was became 1-step WSSV PCR-positive, the WSSV specific probe and the in situ hybridization reaction revealed that cells of the stomach, epidermis, heart, hemocyte in heart, antennal glands, lymphoid organs, hepatopancreas and muscle gave positive signals. These results demonstrate the quick multiplication and spread of WSSV in P. monodon when triggered by stressor.
Associating MIMO beamforming with security codes to achieve unconditional communication security (2016)

This study investigates the framework of associating multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) beamforming with secure code to achieve unconditional secure communications in the wireless passive eavesdropping environment. The schemes are based on a two‐step method under Wyner's wiretap channel model. First, with MIMO transmit beamforming, one can utilise the spatial degree of freedom to cripple eavesdroppers’ interceptions even when he does not know the eavesdropper's channel state information. Consequently, by taking the threshold characteristics of the secure code, the legitimate receivers will continue to extend an average bit error rate advantage over eavesdroppers when they share similar conditions (background noise power and channel gains). By this way, the proposed system could achieve almost zero information obtained by the eavesdroppers while still keeping rather lower error transmissions for the main channel. A profound theoretical analysis for the MIMO advantage channel and the exact closed‐form expressions of secrecy outage probability for the secure code joint system are presented. The authors launch extensive experiments to verify the proposed security systems and demonstrate its feasibility and implement ability.
Learning translation templates from bilingual text (1992)

This paper proposes a two-phase example-based machine translation methodology which develops translation templates from examples and then translates using template matching. This method improves translation quality and facilitates customization of machine translation systems. This paper focuses on the automatic learning of translation templates. A translation template is a bilingual pair of sentences in which corresponding units (words and pharases) are coupled and replaced with variables. Correspondence between units is determined by suing a bilingual dictionary and by analyzing the syntactic structure of the sentences. Syntactic ambiguity and ambiguity in correspondence between units are simultaneously resolved. All of the translation templates generated from a bilingual corpus are grouped by their source language part, and then further refined to resolved conflicts among templates whose source language parts are the same but whose target language parts are different. By using the proposed method, not only transfer rules but also knowledge for lexical selection is effectively extracted from a bilingual corpus.
Design of variable view imaging system for active observation of micro object (2007)

Occlusion and low resolvability are important issues in micromanipuatlaion, microassembly and inspection for conventional optical vision system. In this paper, we proposed an active vision system that can interact with the environment by changing optical system parameters such as spatial position, orientation and focus plane in a compact way. The proposed system integrates a pair of wedge prisms, a scanning mirror, a deformable mirror and off-the-shelf optics. Combining with a scanning mirror, the proposed system can observe the micro object in different views. The compact double wedge prisms can change the view direction, but cause the aberration induced by wedge prisms. It is shown that the aberration can be corrected by a deformable mirror. The proposed deformable mirror control algorithm can correct the aberration in each Zernike mode instead of controlling each actuator. The preliminary experiment setup was built, and initial experiments were demonstrated to investigate the validity of the concept of the proposed system.
Femtosecond pulse amplification in cladding-pumped fibers (1995)

Femtosecond pulse amplification in a cladding-pumped fiber amplifier is demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. Using a cladding-pumped erbium-doped fiber power amplifier and a passively mode-locked fiber seed oscillator in conjunction with an all-fiber chirped-pulse amplification system, we obtain 380-fs near-bandwidth-limited pulses with an average power of 260 mW. The pulse repetition rate is varied between 5 and 50 MHz, and pulse energies as high as 20 nJ are generated.
Investigations on Thermal Spraying of Silicon Nitride-Based Powders (1998)

Abstract Oxide-bonded silicon nitride (OBSN) powders have been developed to address thermal spray problems associated with high temperatures. This paper examines how such powders perform when applied via detonation gun (DGS) and atmospheric plasma spraying (APS) with axial powder injection. All coatings were characterized using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction with additional tests being performed on DGS coatings. For the first time, relatively dense Si3N4-rich coatings with an oxide binder phase were produced, and some of the DGS coatings were found to be sufficiently wear resistance for industrial use.
Structure of the Human Melanin Concentrating Hormone mRNA (1990)

The melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) is a cyclic neuropeptide which induces skin paling and may be involved in the control of the pituitary adrenal axis in teleost fishes. We have recently cloned and characterized the salmon and rat MCH mRNAs and we report in the present paper the cloning and sequencing of the human counterpart. The deduced human MCH (hMCH) precursor is 165 amino acids long and as for rat and salmon, encodes the MCH peptide at the C-terminus. The human and rat MCH precursors are very similar to one another but differ extensively from the salmon counterpart. Strong sequence conservation was found in the regions of mammalian prohormones encoding the novel putative neuropeptides named NGE and NEI which we had originally identified in the rat MCH precursor. Furthermore, sequence identities, with perhaps functional implications, were found among the MCH, human ANF, and aplysia peptide A hormone precursors.