gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SS7 Vulnerabilities—A Survey and Implementation of Machine Learning vs Rule Based Filtering for Detection of SS7 Network Attacks (2020)

The Signalling System No. 7 (SS7) is used in GSM/UMTS telecommunication technologies for signalling and management of communication. It was designed on the concept of private boundary walled technology having mutual trust between few national/multinational operators with no inherent security controls in 1970s. Deregulation, expansion, and merger of telecommunication technology with data networks have vanquished the concept of boundary walls hence increasing the number of service providers, entry points, and interfaces to the SS7 network, which made it vulnerable to serious attacks. The SS7 exploits can be used by attackers to intercept messages, track a subscriber's location, tape/redirect calls, adversely affect disaster relief operations, drain funds of individuals from banks in combination with other methods and send billions of spam messages. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the SS7 attacks with detailed methods to execute attacks, methods to enter the SS7 core network, and recommends safeguards against the SS7 attacks. It also provides a machine learning based framework to detect anomalies in the SS7 network which is compared with rule based filtering. It further presents a conceptual model for the defense of network.
Improved outcome prediction based on CSF extrapolated creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity and other risk factors in severe head injury (1989)

The present study of 43 patients with severe head injury shows that outcome prediction can be markedly improved by combining an appropriate marker of the degree of initial brain damage and other risk factors. The patients were classified into three groups according to their actual outcome after 6 months: death (22 patients); persistent vegetative state or severe disability (eight patients); and moderate disability or good recovery (13 patients). By applying stepwise logistic discriminant analysis to the patients' data, five significant risk factors were selected: degree of neurological damage assessed by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) extrapolated creatine kinase BB isoenzyme activity, Glasgow-Liège Coma Scale score, age, incidence of thoracic injury, and intracranial pressure (ICP). Extrapolated creatine kinase BB activity had the highest prognostic ability (67%). Uncontrollable elevated ICP proved to be systematically associated with death, whereas its absence was not necessarily indicative of a favorable outcome. The combination of the five variables yielded a total prognostic efficiency of 91%. The percentages of correctly predicted patients for the three outcome groups were, respectively, 100%, 50%, and 100%. Thus, half of the persistently vegetative and severely disabled patients were identified by the selected factors.
The effectiveness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in inhibiting aflatoxin production and reducing the harmful effects of aflatoxin in ducklings (2021)

Sacharomyces cerevisiae isolates were obtained from baker's yeast, soil, fruit and identified with PCR. Twenty-seven isolates of S. cerevisiae were screened for capacity of inhibition of aflatoxin production of Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus) on coconut extract agar media (CEA). The results showed that the coculture method of S. cerevisiae isolates and aflatoxin producing A. flavus on CEA medium could be used for screening the strains that are able to antagonize aflatoxin-producing A. flavus. On ground corn medium, with the rate of 104 aflatoxin-producing A. flavus spores and 108 S. cerevisiae yeast cells/g, S. cerevisiae was able to reduce the amount of aflatoxin produced by A. flavus in corn. In an in vivo experiment, it was found that addition of 108 cells of S. cerevisiae to one kg of duck feed contaminated with 300 ppb aflatoxin from 1 to 10 days of age reduced adverse effects of aflatoxin on the liver and kidneys of ducks
The American Journal of Gastroenterology in 2016: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Going? (2016)

1Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA 2Health Services Research in Academic Affairs and Clinical Transformation, Cedars-Sinai Health Services Research, Professor of Medicine and Public Health, Los Angeles, California, USA Correspondence: Brian E Lacy, PhD, MD, FACG, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA, E-mail: [email protected] The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Development of a HPLC method to follow the degradation of phenol by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical treatment (2006)

The development and validation of a HPLC method to follow the degradation of phenol by electrochemical or photoelectrochemical treatment are described. This method, which allows determining amounts of phenol, p-benzoquinone and cathecol in electrolyzed or photoelectrolyzed solutions, was used for analysis of reaction intermediates during electrooxidation or photoelectrooxidation of phenol using a Ti-Pt/PbO2 (obtained by thermal-electrochemical or electrodeposition methods) or Ti/TiO2 doped with Ga3+ (obtained by thermal decomposition of precursor salts) electrode.
Automatic reconstruction of 3D objects using a mobile monoscopic camera (2002)

A method for the automatic reconstruction of 3D objects from multiple camera views for 3D multimedia applications is presented. Conventional 3D reconstruction techniques use equipment that restrict the flexibility of the user. In order to increase this flexibility, the presented method is characterized by a simple measurement environment, that consists of a new calibration pattern placed below the object allowing object and pattern acquisition simultaneously. This ensures, that each view can be calibrated individually. From these obtained calibrated camera views, a textured 3D wireframe model is estimated using a shape-from-silhouette approach and texture mapping of the original camera views. Experiments with this system have confirmed a significant gain of flexibility for the user and a drastic reduction of costs for technical equipment while ensuring comparable model quality as conventional reconstruction techniques at the same time.
Flow Studies on Maltodextrins as Directly Compressible Vehicles (1995)

An evaluation of different methods of investigating the flow properties of bulk solids has been carried out on four new excipients for direct compression: Maltrin® M 150, Maltrin® M 510, Maltrin® QD M 500 and Maltrin® QD M 550.Rheological properties of the excipients like parameters from shear test, bulk density, compressibility, flow rate, dynamic angle of repose as well as mean weight and variation coefficients are reported.Although dynamic angle of repose as well as shear cell method provided similar results for the four maltodextrins under study, we observe a different behavior between the Maltrin® Ml50 and the other excipients under study in the flowmeter, being Maltrin® Ml50 the only excipient which did not flow through any orifice of the flowmeter.Therefore, our flowmeter, whose results also shows a good correlation with the coefficient of variation of the weight seems to be the most useful technique in providing a parameter which allows assessing better the difference in flowability for similar excipients, as it is the case of these maltodextrins.
Self-Propelled Polymer Multilayer Janus Capsules for Effective Drug Delivery and Light-Triggered Release (2014)

We present herein a novel hybrid, polymer-based motor that was fabricated by the template-assisted polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of a thin gold layer on one side, followed by chemical immobilization of a catalytic enzyme. Such Janus capsule motors can self-propel at 0.1% peroxide fuel concentration at physiological temperature and have a higher speed as compared to Pt-based synthetic motors. They were exploited for encapsulation of the chemotherapeutic anticancer drug, doxorubicin, for navigation to target a cell layer by an external magnetic field, and for triggered drug release activated by NIR light. This work provides high potential in the development of multifunctional polymer-based engines for biomedical applications such as targeted drug delivery.
Design of a 24-channel transmultiplexer (1979)

The design of a transmultiplexer capable of performing the bilateral conversion between one 1544 kbit/s digital signal (which represents 24 PCM coded voice channels) and two analog group signals (each one containing 12 voice channels in the 60-108 kHz band) is investigated. It is shown that an FIR filter bank required as part of such a transmultiplexer can be realized efficiently by cascading a discrete cosine transform processor and a weighting network. Fast convolution algorithms are derived for evaluating the cosine transform. A method of using the symmetry conditions to reduce the computation rate in the weighting network and an elegant hardware configuration for implementing it are also discussed.
Statistical Inference in Regressions with Integrated Processes: Part 2 (1989)

This paper continues the theoretical investigation of Park and Phillips. We develop an asymptotic theory of regression for multivariate linear models that accommodates integrated processes of different orders, nonzero means, drifts, time trends, and cointegrated regressors. The framework of analysis is general but has a common architecture that helps to simplify and codify what would otherwise be a myriad of isolated results. A good deal of earlier research by the authors and by others comes within the new framework. Special models of some importance are considered in detail, such as VAR systems with multiple lags and cointegrated variates.
Heterotrimeric and Unconventional GTP Binding Proteins in Plant Cell Signaling (2002)

Signal-transducing GTPases in plants include small G proteins, heterotrimeric G proteins, and, potentially, several unique types of GTP binding proteins that are not members of either of the aforementioned classes. This review will focus on recent discoveries concerning the roles of heterotrimeric
A signal-independent background-calibrating 20b 1MS/S SAR ADC with 0.3ppm INL (2018)

The SAR ADC is the architecture of choice for high-precision Nyquist ADCs (>16b) with MS/s speed. To achieve the required linearity performance, precision SAR ADCs require calibration to correct mismatch errors in the capacitive digital-to-analog converter (CDAC). One-time factory calibration suffers from aging, temperature sensitivity, and package and PCB stress while foreground calibration precludes continuous ADC operation. This paper presents a 20b 1MS/s SAR ADC with signal-independent background-calibration to address this challenge.
In-situ Monitoring of Anodic Oxidation of p-type Si(100) by Electrochemical Impedance Techniques in Nonaqueous and Aqueous Solutions (1999)

Electrochemical oxidation of silicon (p-type Si(100)) at room temperature in ethylene glycol and in aqueous solutions has been performed by applying constant low current densities for the preparation of thin SiO2 layers. In-situ ac impedance spectroscopic methods have been employed to characterize the interfaces of electrolyte/ oxide/semiconductor and to estimate the thickness of the oxide layer. The thicknesses of SiO2 layers calculated from the capacitive impedance were in the range of 25-100 Å depending on the experimental conditions. The anodic polarization resistance parallel with the oxide layer capacitance increased continuously to a very large value in ethylene glycol solution. However, it decreased above 4 V in aqueous solutions, where oxygen evolved through the oxidation of water. Interstitially dissolved oxygen molecules in SiO2 layer at above the oxygen evo-lution potential were expected to facilitate the formation of SiO2 at the interfaces. Thin SiO2 films grew effi-ciently at a controlled rate during the application of low anodization currents in aqueous solutions.
Adversarial Attacks and Defenses Against Deep Neural Networks: A Survey (2018)

Deep learning has achieved great successes in various types of applications over recent years. On the other hand, it has been found that deep neural networks (DNNs) can be easily fooled by adversarial input samples. This vulnerability raises major concerns in security-sensitive environments. Therefore, research in attacking and defending DNNs with adversarial examples has drawn great attention. The goal of this paper is to review the types of adversarial attacks and defenses, describe the state-of-the-art methods for each group, and compare their results. In addition, we present some of the top-scored competition submissions for Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) in 2017, their solution models, and demonstrate their results. This adversary competition was organized by Google Brain for research scientists to come up with novel solutions that generate adversarial examples and also defend against them. Its contribution is significant on this era of machine learning and DNNs.
Tinnitus psychopharmacology: A comprehensive review of its pathomechanisms and management (2010)

Selected psychopharmacological drugs may play a role in the clinical management of this disorder. While the rational use of these agents for the treatment of tinnitus should not be overlooked, research should be undertaken on their neuromodulating actions at the cochlea.
Advances in understanding ischemic acute kidney injury (2011)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is independently associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Ischemia is the leading cause of AKI, and short of supportive measures, no currently available therapy can effectively treat or prevent ischemic AKI. This paper discusses recent developments in the understanding of ischemic AKI pathophysiology, the emerging relationship between ischemic AKI and development of progressive chronic kidney disease, and promising novel therapies currently under investigation. On the basis of recent breakthroughs in understanding the pathophysiology of ischemic AKI, therapies that can treat or even prevent ischemic AKI may become a reality in the near future.
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in humans: how breathing pattern modulates heart rate (1981)

The relationship of respiratory sinus arrhythmia amplitude (RSA) to tidal volume and breathing frequency was quantified during voluntarily controlled tidal volume and breathing frequency and spontaneous quiet breathing. Seventeen seated subjects breathed via mouthpiece and nose-clip, maintaining constant tidal volumes at each of several breathing frequencies. Inspiratory breath hold was zero frequency. Log RSA was plotted vs. log frequency for each tidal volume. The large stable RSA for frequencies less than 6 cycles/min was called low-frequency intercept (LFI, 20 +/- 5 beats/min). Low-frequency intercept was inversely proportional to a subject's age only to 35 yr. At higher breathing frequencies above a characteristic corner frequency (fC, 7.2 +/- 1.5 cycles/min) RSA decreased with constant slope (roll-off; 21 +/- 3.4 dB/decade). The RSA-volume relationship was linear permitting normalization of RSA-frequency curves for tidal volume to yield one curve. Spontaneous breathing data points fell on this curve. Voluntarily coupling of heart rate to breathing frequency in integer ratios reduced breath-by-breath variability of RSA without changing mean RSA. In conclusion, low-frequency intercept, corner frequency, and roll-off characterize an individual's RSA-frequency relationship during both voluntarily controlled and spontaneous breathing.
Power azimuth spectrum in outdoorenvironments (1997)

From extensive 2D channel measurements it is found that the shape of the power azimuth spectrum at the base station in outdoor environments is accurately described by a truncated Laplacian function in both rural and urban environments.
Temperature-sensitive changes in surface modulating assemblies of fibroblasts transformed by mutants of Rous sarcoma virus. (1976)

The hypothesis that surface modulating assemblies containing microfilaments and microtubules and altered after cellular transformation was tested on cells infected with temperature-sensitive mutants of avian sarcoma virus. Untransformed cells (mouse 3T3 and chick fibroblasts), cells transformed by simian virus 40 (SV 3T3), and chick fibroblasts infected with Schmidt-Ruppin strain of Rous sarcoma virus (SR-RSV-A-infected cells) were first compared for differences in microfilament and microtubule patterns after treatment with fluorescein-labeled antibodies to actin and tubulin. Transformed cells showed disappearance of ordered stress microfilaments and thickened or diffuse alterations of microtubular arrays. At restrictive temperatures (41 degrees), chick fibroblasts infected with a temperature-sensitive mutant (ts 68) of Rous sarcoma virus showed normal patterns of stress fialments and radial microtubular arrays originating in 1 or 2 centrioles. At permissive temperatures (37 degrees), these patterns were disordered and resembled those of SR-RSV-A-infected cells. After a shift from 41 degrees to 37 degrees, the changes in microtubules were observed in the majority of cells within 1 hr. These changes were reversible and did not result from the inability of tubulin to polymerize. In ts 68-infected cells at permissive temperatures, concanavalin A induced much less surface modulation (inhibition of receptor mobility) than at restrictive temperatures. These results suggest that cellular transformation alters both the structure and function of surface modulating assemblies and prompt the hypothesis that products of viral transforming genes may affect these assemblies with a consequent loss of growth control.
Improved Performance of Novel Vertical Assist Operating Select Gate Lateral Coupling Cell for Logic Nonvolatile Memory (2016)

In this letter, we report a high-performance logic nonvolatile memory for pure logic processes using novel structure and operations. Even though a select gate lateral coupling (SGLC) cell has the advantages of small cell size, fast programming speed, and over-erase-free features, it has a critical problem of on-cell current degradation during a relatively small number of program/erase (P/E) cycles. By installing an assist gate (AG) on an SGLC cell and employing novel operation methods, the cycling performance improved significantly from 100 times to 10 k times. The initial purpose of using AG was for Fowler-Nordheim erasing operation. However, it is not only used for erasing operation but also for programming to enhance the coupling ratio using the novel vertical assist (VA) operating method. Owing to the novel VA-SGLC cell structure and combined vertical and lateral coupling operations, it shows enhanced programming speed, wider V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> window, and higher endurance than the conventional SGLC cell using the same process. As a result, a program time of 10 μs and 10 k times P/E cycling performance, preserving a VT window of over 4 V, is achieved without additional processes or increasing the cell size.
Clonotypic B Cells Circulate in Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (HL). (2006)

Abstract Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells, the hallmark of HL, are clonal B lineage cells generally characterized by their co-expression of CD15 and CD30. RS cells also occasionally express the plasma cell (PC) cell surface antigen CD138 (syndecan-1), and we thus hypothesized that RS may represent aberrant PC differentiation. We found that RS cells from the L428 HL cell line exhibited an expression profile similar to normal PC and those from multiple myeloma (MM): high expression of the PC transcription factor Blimp-1 and low expression of the germinal center B cell markers Pax-5 and Bcl-6. We recently demonstrated that CD138+ MM PC, like their normal counterparts, have limited replicative potential; rather, self-renewing CD138neg clonotypic B cells appear to be responsible for the initiation and maintenance of MM, giving rise to the differentiated CD138+ MM PC (Matsui et al Blood103: 2332–2336, 2004). To determine if RS cells similarly were differentiated progeny of rare HL cancer stem cells, we studied HL cell lines (L428, KM-H2) and found that each line contained a small (&lt;5%) subpopulation of cells that did not express the RS markers CD15 and CD30 present on most of the cells. This small subpopulation instead resembled memory B cells (CD19+CD20+CD27+) and in addition possessed most of the clonogenic capacity of the HL cell lines; this suggested that RS cells, similar to the neoplastic PC in MM, are not the cells responsible for the growth and maintenance of HL. Using Aldefluor, a fluorescent aldehyde that is a substrate for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), we previously showed that ALDH is highly expressed in both normal and MM stem cells. The clonogenic subpopulation within the HL cell lines also expressed high ALDH activity, while the predominant RS cells exhibited low ALDH activity. To determine if clonotypic memory B cells were similarly present in HL patients, CD19+ cells were isolated from the marrow or blood of 5 HL patients. The bulk CD19+ cells, as well as those that were ALDHlow, isolated from the HL patients were a mixture of non-clonal naive and memory B cells. However, the ALDHhigh CD19+ cells were a highly enriched population of immunoglobulin (Ig) light chain-restricted CD27+ memory B cells that represented 0.7 to 3% of the circulating CD19+ cells, in 4/5 patients (none with evidence of marrow involvement) studied. These ALDHhigh CD19+ cells also displayed clonal Ig gene rearrangement by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification. In two of these patients, CD15+CD30+ RS cells were isolated from a fresh diagnostic lymph node and contained the same clonal Ig gene rearrangement as the circulating ALDHhigh CD19+ B cells. Thus, clonotypic memory B cells can be found in both HL cell lines and patients. These data suggest that these clonotypic memory B cells circulate in relatively high numbers even in early stage patients, and may represent the HL stem cells. Our results also suggest that therapies, such as rituximab, that target these putative HL stem cells may have clinical activity in HL patients.
A Prototype Framework for High Performance Push Notifications (2017)

Push notifications are the significant tools to increase engagement with your app and improve user retention rates. Push notifications notify users with new information about an application, so they provide valuable and relevant updates even when the application is not running. This paper describes a software prototype framework, which is designed to send millions of push notifications using GCM and APNS cloud services. 13 separate test scenarios designed to measure its performance are run, upon which final results are discussed and conclusions are drawn.
Phosphopeptides and soluble calcium in the small intestine of rats given a casein diet (1980)

1. Semi-synthetic diets containing 200 g protein/kg were meal-fed for 1.5 h to groups of rats. The contents of the whole small intestinal tract were collected and the amount of soluble calcium was determined. 2. In the rats given 200 g casein/kg diet, formation of a fraction containing macrophosphopeptide in the small intestine was confirmed by gelfitration of the intestinal contents on Sephadex G-25. However, this macrophosphopeptide fraction was not found when casein alone was fed. 3. In the intestinal contents at 2.5 h after ingestion, the amounts of both soluble Ca and phosphorus were significantly higher in rats fed the casein diet than in those fed diets containing egg albumin, isolated soya-bean protein or an amino acid mixture. However, the amount of insoluble Ca was least in rats fed the casein diet.