gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Holographic Fabrication and Optical Property of Graded Photonic Super-Crystals with a Rectangular Unit Super-Cell (2018)

Recently developed graded photonic super-crystals show an enhanced light absorption and light extraction efficiency if they are integrated with a solar cell and an organic light emitting device, respectively. In this paper, we present the holographic fabrication of a graded photonic super-crystal with a rectangular unit super-cell. The spatial light modulator-based pixel-by-pixel phase engineering of the incident laser beam provides a high resolution phase pattern for interference lithography. This also provides a flexible design for the graded photonic super-crystals with a different ratio of length over the width of the rectangular unit super-cell. The light extraction efficiency is simulated for the organic light emitting device, where the cathode is patterned with the graded photonic super-crystal. The high extraction efficiency is maintained for different exposure thresholds during the interference lithography. The desired polarization effects are observed for certain exposure thresholds. The extraction efficiency reaches as high as 75% in the glass substrate.
Fiber-optic bus-oriented single-hop interconnections among multi-transceiver stations (1991)

The merits of the single-path selective-broadcast interconnection (SBI) implemented in fiber-optic technology are explored. This is a static, passive, fiber-optic interconnection among a set of stations, each equipped with multiple transmitters, and receivers. It uses c/sup 2/ buses, each interconnecting a subset of the stations, and provides a single optical path between any two stations. Thus, it succeeds in decoupling transmission rate from aggregate network throughput. It offers substantial advantages in power budget and the maximum number of stations that can be connected without repeaters and amplifiers. When compared with c buses, each interconnecting all stations, this SBI is attractive in terms of the required passive fiber-optic components such as fiber segments and star couplers. For a fixed power budget, the capacity of this SBI is optimal among bus-oriented single-hop interconnections for both a uniform traffic pattern and worst-case unknown skew.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Robust Sensor Localization Based on Euclidean Distance Matrix (2018)

In remote sensing systems, exact knowledge of the sensor locations is critical for generating focused images. In order to accurately locate misplaced or perturbed sensors from their received signal data, we proposed a robust sensor localization method based on low-rank Euclidean distance matrix (EDM) reconstruction. To this end, an EDM of sensors and objects under detection is defined and partially initialized by computing distances between the inaccurate sensor locations and distances from the sensors to the objects using signal coherence analysis. We then decompose the noisy EDM with missing entries into a low-rank EDM corresponding to true sensor locations and a sparse matrix of distance errors by solving a constrained optimization problem using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM). We verify our method with simulations on a uniform linear array with unknown perturbations up to several wavelengths.
Cable strum self-noise cancellation for sonar towed arrays (2000)

Nonacoustic self-noise observed on marine seismic streamers and towed sonar arrays represents a serious problem for acoustic source detection at low frequency. Towed array self-noise, also known as cable strum, consists of mechanical vibrations induced by vortex shedding. Transverse vibrations in the array body subject each hydrophone pressure head to local accelerations. The resultant acoustic response can be several orders of magnitude stronger than the water-borne acoustic signals of interest. In this paper, a beamspace, time-domain adaptive signal processing architecture for the coherent rejection of broadband nonacoustic self-noise is presented. The approach is based on the recognition that most vibrational modes of a towed array propagate at phase speeds substantially less than those of acoustic signals in the water column. This property supports the formation of a signal-free, strum reference using the same sensor that samples the acoustic data. The approach removes the need for additional measurement channels, such as accelerometers or strain gauges, to independently sense the undesirable distortions introduced by cable strumming. The phenomenology underlying flow-induced self-noise for towed arrays is discussed and characterized using k-w analysis. An overview of the method is presented and cancellation performance is demonstrated using snapshots of passive sonar towed array data. [Work sponsored by the Department of the Navy, under Air Force Contract F19628-95-C-0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Air Force.]
A New Glucocorticoid Hypothesis of Brain Aging: Implications for Alzheimers Disease (2007)

The original glucocorticoid (GC) hypothesis of brain aging and Alzheimer's disease proposed that chronic exposure to GCs promotes hippocampal aging and AD. This proposition arose from a study correlating increasing plasma corticosterone with hippocampal astrocyte reactivity in aging rats. Numerous subsequent studies have found evidence consistent with this hypothesis, in animal models and in humans. However, several results emerged that were inconsistent with the hypothesis, highlighting the need for a more definitive test with a broader panel of biomarkers. We used microarray analyses to identify a panel of hippocampal gene expression changes that were aging-dependent, and also corticosterone-dependent. These data enabled us to test a key prediction of the GC hypothesis, namely, that the expression of most target biomarkers of brain aging should be regulated in the same direction (increased or decreased) by both GCs and aging. This prediction was decisively contradicted, as a majority of biomarker genes were regulated in opposite directions by aging and GCs, particularly inflammatory and astrocyte-specific genes. Thus, the initial hypothesis of simple positive cooperativity between GCs and aging must be rejected. Instead, our microarray data suggest that in the brain GCs and aging interact in more complex ways that depend on the cell type. Therefore, we propose a new version of the GC-brain aging hypothesis; its main premise is that aging selectively increases GC efficacy in some cell types (e.g., neurons), enhancing catabolic processes, whereas aging selectively decreases GC efficacy in other cell types (e.g., astrocytes), weakening GC anti-inflammatory activity. We also propose that changes in GC efficacy might be mediated in part by cell type specific shifts in the antagonistic balance between GC and insulin actions, which may be of relevance for Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
Autopilot for Missiles Steered by Aerodynamic Lift and Divert Thrusters using Nonlinear Dynamic Sliding Manifolds (2005)

A new approach to the design of a kinetic-kill longitudinal autopilot steering the missile trajectory by the combination of aerodynamic lift and divert-thrusters (dual-thrusters control) and with its attitude oriented by attitude-thrusters is presented. The proposed approach may increase the total divert acceleration capability by up to 100%, improving the “end-game” intercept accuracy, when such capability is required. The pitch plane autopilot design is based on second order sliding mode control using nonlinear dynamic sliding manifold technique. A robust, high accuracy tracking of the missile normal acceleration guidance command is achieved in presence of considerable model uncertainties created by the interactions between the airflow and the thrusters jets. Results of the computer simulation demonstrate excellent, robust, high accuracy tracking performance of the proposed design.
Hit Optimization of 5-Substituted-<i>N</i>-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-1<i>H</i>-indazole-3-carboxamides: Potent Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) Inhibitors with in Vivo Activity in Model of Mood Disorders (2015)

Novel treatments for bipolar disorder with improved efficacy and broader spectrum of activity are urgently needed. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) has been suggested to be a key player in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. A series of novel GSK-3β inhibitors having the common N-[(1-alkylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide scaffold were prepared taking advantage of an X-ray cocrystal structure of compound 5 with GSK-3β. We probed different substitutions at the indazole 5-position and at the piperidine-nitrogen to obtain potent ATP-competitive GSK-3β inhibitors with good cell activity. Among the compounds assessed in the in vivo PK experiments, 14i showed, after i.p. dosing, encouraging plasma PK profile and brain exposure, as well as efficacy in a mouse model of mania. Compound 14i was selected for further in vitro/in vivo pharmacological evaluation, in order to elucidate the use of ATP-competitive GSK-3β inhibitors as new tools in the development of new treatments for mood disorders.
Low-Fire Bismuth-Based Dielectric Ceramics for Microwave Use (1992)

We have investigated dielectric properties of several bismuth-based ceramics at microwave frequencies. BiNbO 4 ceramics containing CuO and V 2 O 5 , had a high Q value of Q =4260 (at 4.3 GHz), ε=43, and τ f =+38 ppm/°C. In the Bi 2 O 3 -CaO-Nb 2 O 5 system, Bi 18 Ca 8 Nb 12 O 65 composition had a high dielectric constant of ε=59, Q =610 (at 3.7 GHz), and τ f =+24 ppm/°C. The crystal structure of this composition is considered to be an ordered structure based on the body center tetragonal cell ( a =0.377, c =0.542 nm). Furthermore, by substituting Zn for Ca, ε increased and τ f changed to negative values. In the composition of 45.75BiO 3/2 -21.75(Ca 0.725 Zn 0.275 )O-32.5NbO 5/2 , excellent properties of ε=79, Q =360 (at 3.3 GHz), and τ f =+1 ppm/°C were obtained. As all the above ceramics can be sintered below 950°C, they are applicable to multilayer microwave devices with Ag inner conductors.
Large Magnetoresistance of Electrodeposited Single-Crystal Bismuth Thin Films (1999)

Single-crystal bismuth thin films 1 to 20 micrometers thick were fabricated by electrodeposition and suitable annealing. Magnetoresistance up to 250 percent at 300 kelvin and 380,000 percent at 5 kelvin as well as clean Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations were observed, indicative of the high quality of these films. A hybrid structure was also made that showed a large magnetoresistive effect of 30 percent at 200 oersted and a field sensitivity of 0.2 percent magnetoresistance per oersted at room temperature.
Identification and characterization of circulating tumor cells in post prostatectomy patients with localized high risk prostate cancer. (2018)

69 Background: Over 15% of men with newly diagnosed prostate cancer (PCa) have high-risk features that raise the recurrence risk. Better biomarkers could allow for even earlier detection of biochemical recurrence (BCR) and inform adjuvant treatment decisions. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may represent the earliest form of metastases, however their role as biomarkers in men with localized PCa is not well defined. Here, we aim to enumerate and molecularly and genomically analyze CTCs using an enrichment-free, unbiased CTC identification technology from men with high-risk, localized PCa after radical prostatectomy (RP) and correlate the analysis with clinical outcomes. Methods: Blood samples from 37 patients with high-risk, localized PCa were obtained 2-5 mos post RP and shipped to Epic. All nucleated cells were subjected to immunofluorescent staining for cytokeratin (CK), CD45, and AR. CTCs were identified using algorithmic analysis. CK + CTCs were enumerated and subsequently analyzed for AR expression and individually sequenced for copy number alterations (CNA). Patients were followed for BCR, defined as detectable PSA > 0.2ng/dL. Progression free survival (PFS) was calculated using Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards. Results: CTCs were detected in 81.1%(30/37) of patients with an average of 5.2 CTCs/ml (range: 0 – 22.9) detected per patient. AR expression was detected in 18.9% (7/37) of patients. Ninety nine CTCs from 14 patients were picked and sequenced. CNAs were identified in CTCs in commonly mutated genes in PCa, including MYC amplification and CHD1 deletions. Patients with higher traditional CTC (CK+) burdens exhibited a trend towards shorter PFS (hazard ratio: 1.65; 95% confidence interval: 0.7-3.86; p = 0.13). Conclusions: There was a high incidence of CTC detection after RP in patients with high-risk, localized PCa. A trend toward shorter PFS was seen in those with higher CTC burden. Genomic alterations were detectable in CTCs and consistent with established CNAs in PCa. With further testing in appropriately powered cohorts early CTC detection after primary therapy could represent an informative biomarker to stratify patients with high risk PCa.
Modification of Lipid A Biosynthesis in <i>Neisseria meningitidis lpxL</i> Mutants: Influence on Lipopolysaccharide Structure, Toxicity, and Adjuvant Activity (2001)

Two genes homologous to lpxL and lpxM from Escherichia coli and other gram-negative bacteria, which are involved in lipid A acyloxyacylation, were identified in Neisseria meningitidis strain H44/76 and insertionally inactivated. Analysis by tandem mass spectrometry showed that one of the resulting mutants, termed lpxL1, makes lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with penta- instead of hexa-acylated lipid A, in which the secondary lauroyl chain is specifically missing from the nonreducing end of the GlcN disaccharide. Insertional inactivation of the other (lpxL2) gene was not possible in wild-type strain H44/76 expressing full-length immunotype L3 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) but could be readily achieved in a galE mutant expressing a truncated oligosaccharide chain. Structural analysis of lpxL2 mutant lipid A showed a major tetra-acylated species lacking both secondary lauroyl chains and a minor penta-acylated species. The lpxL1 mutant LPS has retained adjuvant activity similar to wild-type meningococcal LPS when used for immunization of mice in combination with LPS-deficient outer membrane complexes from N. meningitidis but has reduced toxicity as measured in a tumor necrosis factor alpha induction assay with whole bacteria. In contrast, both adjuvant activity and toxicity of the lpxL2 mutant LPS are strongly reduced. As the combination of reduced toxicity and retained adjuvant activity has not been reported before for either lpxL or lpxM mutants from other bacterial species, our results demonstrate that modification of meningococcal lipid A biosynthesis can lead to novel LPS species more suitable for inclusion in human vaccines.
337 NONMEIOTIC INTROGRESSION OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT NUCLEOTIDES AND CORRECTION OF CONGENITAL MUTATIONS IN LIVESTOCK WITH TRANSCRIPTION ACTIVATOR-LIKE EFFECTOR NUCLEASES (2012)

Genetic enhancement of livestock productivity and welfare are major goals of breeding and genetics programs. However, the introgression of desirable alleles across breeds is slow and inaccurate. The development of gene editing technologies would provide the opportunity to accelerate the genetic improvement of a diversity of livestock breeds. Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) are programmable nucleases that join the modular DNA binding domain of transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors with FokI endonuclease. We found that TALEN could be easily manufactured and that 64% displayed activity in swine and cattle primary fibroblasts, with cleavage of 1.5 to 45% of chromosomes in cell populations, as measured by Surveyor assay. Clonal isolation and sequencing revealed that up to 84% of cells contained at least one modified allele, with up to 24% of cells containing biallelic or homozygous chromosomal modification. Co-transfection of a customized TALEN pair with a template containing a specific allele was effective at the nonmeiotic introgression of quantitative trait into naïve cattle breeds. We will also describe the repair of 2 recently described embryonic lethal mutations that are segregating in important dairy cattle breeds (JH1 and HH1). Injection of TALEN mRNA into the cytoplasm of pig and cattle zygotes was capable of inducing gene knockout (KO) in 27 to 75% of embryos analysed (n = 4–59), nearly half of which (8/19) harbored biallelic modification. We will present data describing efforts towards gene conversion by direct injection of livestock embryos. Finally, we will present alternative strategies for the incorporation of gene editing in livestock production systems by cloning or embryo treatment.
Monolithic integrated direction-sensitive flow sensor (1982)

A manolithic integrated direction-sensitive flow sensor for measuring the velocity of gas or liquid flow is described. Its operation is based on the transfer of heat from a heated chip to a flowing fluid. Temperature differences on the chip are a measure for the flow velocity and flow direction in a plane parallel with the chip's surface. The sensor can be embedded in a wall, for example, in a wall of a tube conducting a fluid flow, and can be shielded from a direct contact with the fluid. Measurements are stated for velocities in a range below 3 m/s for air at room temperature.
Aromatase inhibition for ovarian stimulation: future avenues for infertility management (2002)

Ovarian stimulation is applied during infertility management either alone or in conjunction with intrauterine insemination and assisted reproductive technologies. At the present time, the two main medications used for ovarian stimulation include an oral antiestrogen, clomiphene citrate, and injectable gonadotropins. In spite of the high ovulation rate with the use of clomiphene citrate, the pregnancy rate is much lower. In clomiphene citrate failures, gonadotropin injections have generally been used as the next treatment option. Treatment with gonadotropins is difficult to control and characteristically associated with increased risk of severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and high multiple pregnancies. Therefore, an effective oral treatment that could be used without risk of hyperstimulation and with minimal monitoring is the preferred therapy. We hypothesize that aromatase inhibitors can be administered early in the follicular phase to induce ovulation by releasing the hypothalamus or pituitary from estrogen negative feedback. Based on this hypothesis, we have reported the success of aromatase inhibitors in induction and augmentation of ovulation in addition to improving ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation. Moreover, there are other potential applications for aromatase inhibitors in infertility management, including improving implantation in assisted reproduction and in-vitro maturation.
Active material and interphase structures governing performance in sodium and potassium ion batteries (2022)

Development of energy storage systems is a topic of broad societal and economic relevance, and lithium ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most advanced electrochemical energy storage systems. However, concerns on the scarcity of lithium sources and consequently the expected price increase have driven the development of alternative energy storage systems beyond LIBs. In the search for sustainable and cost-effective technologies, sodium ion batteries (SIBs) and potassium ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted considerable attention. Here, a comprehensive review of ongoing studies on electrode materials for SIBs and PIBs is provided in comparison to those for LIBs, which include layered oxides, polyanion compounds and Prussian blue analogues for positive electrode materials, and carbon-based and alloy materials for negative electrode materials. The importance of the crystal structure for electrode materials is discussed with an emphasis placed on intrinsic and dynamic structural properties and electrochemistry associated with alkali metal ions. The key challenges for electrode materials as well as the interface/interphase between the electrolyte and electrode materials, and the corresponding strategies are also examined. The discussion and insights presented in this review can serve as a guide regarding where future investigations of SIBs and PIBs will be directed.
ChemInform Abstract: Heteroannulated 9,10‐Anthracenediones. The Synthesis of Substituted 5‐ and 7‐Chloroanthra(1,9‐cd)pyrazol‐6(2H)‐ones, Precursors to Anticancer Anthrapyrazoles. (1987)

Abstract The 1,4‐dichloroanthraquinones (I) are coupled with the hydrazines (II), yielding the pyrazole derivatives (III).
Characterisation of the exon structure of the Fanconi anaemia group C gene by vectorette PCR (1993)

A cDNA for Fanconi anaemia complementation group C (FACC) has recently been cloned. We have now isolated a yeast artificial chromosome clone containing the FACC gene, and used vectorette PCR to determine its exon structure. The 1674-nucleotide coding sequence of the gene is highly interrupted, and contains 14 exons ranging in size from 53-204 bp. All exon donor and acceptor splice sites fit well with consensus sequences. Knowledge of the FACC exon boundaries and adjacent intron sequences was used to design polymerase chain reactions for amplification of all 14 exons from genomic DNA. Characterisation of splice site mutations in Fanconi anaemia patients with abnormal FACC transcripts and screening of large numbers of patients for mutations by amplification of the coding sequence from genomic DNA will now be possible.
Attenuated<i>Francisella novicida</i>Transposon Mutants Protect Mice against Wild-Type Challenge (2006)

Francisella tularensis is the bacterial pathogen that causes tularemia in humans and a number of animals. To date, there is no approved vaccine for this widespread and life-threatening disease. The goal of this study was to identify F. tularensis mutants that can be used in the development of a live attenuated vaccine. We screened F. novicida transposon mutants to identify mutants that exhibited reduced growth in mouse macrophages, as these cells are the preferred host cells of Francisella and an essential component of the innate immune system. This approach yielded 16 F. novicida mutants that were 100-fold more attenuated for virulence in a mouse model than the wild-type parental strain. These mutants were then tested to determine their abilities to protect mice against challenge with high doses of wild-type bacteria. Five of the 16 attenuated mutants (with mutations corresponding to dsbB, FTT0742, pdpB, fumA, and carB in the F. tularensis SCHU S4 strain) provided mice with protection against challenge with high doses (>8 x 10(5) CFU) of wild-type F. novicida. We believe that these findings will be of use in the design of a vaccine against tularemia.
Mechanical Evaluation of Unobstructing Magnetic Microactuators for Implantable Ventricular Catheters (2014)

Here, we report on the development and evaluation of novel unobstructing magnetic microactuators for maintaining the patency of implantable ventricular catheters used in hydrocephalus application. The treatment of hydrocephalus requires chronic implantation of a shunt system to divert excess cerebrospinal fluid from the brain. These shunt systems suffer from a high failure rate (>40%) within the first year of implantation, often due to biological accumulation. Previously, we have shown that magnetic microactuators can be used to remove biological blockage. The new cantilever-based magnetic microactuator presented in this paper improves upon the previous torsional design using a bimorph to induce a postrelease out-of-plane deflection that will prevent the device from occluding the pore at rest. The mechanical evaluations (i.e., postrelease deflection, static and dynamic responses) of fabricated devices are reported and compared with theoretical values.