gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overview on attack graph generation and visualization technology (2013)

Network vulnerability can be analyzed automatically by attack graph. Attack graph tools can generate attack paths in network and show users the network vulnerabilities analyzing process for network security risk analysis. There are some problems such as state space explosion, the high complexity of algorithms, being difficult to demonstrate graphically, and so on, for attack graph generation and visualization techniques. Therefore, we surveyed and analyzed the attack graph generation and visualization technology. We summarized the open source tools like MulVAL, TVA. Attack Graph Toolkit, NetSPA and so on, and the commercial tools, for example, Cauldron, FireMon, Skybox View. We compared and analyzed these tools from the aspects of the attack graph types, scalability, or complexity of attack graph generation algorithm, the degree of attack graph visualization. Their common denominator was summarized, and their different points were analyzed. The future and applications for attack graph were forecasted, for example its applications in industrial control systems, and in the network security defense and risk assessment.
Guidance for using a pilot study: an example of research on minority children. (1994)

Sound research requires careful definition of the research problem, identification of critical variables and the sources of data for variables, design of procedures and instruments to ensure valid and reliable data, and appropriate and comprehensive data analyses. Additionally, adequate personnel, time, and budgetary resources are required. To help ensure that research addressing minority health issues meets these requirements, this article provides investigators with practical guidance for using pilot projects, not simply as small nongeneralizable studies but also as techniques to address each of these issues. The authors provide examples from real-life research, addressing the health outcomes of minority children who receive care through the Early and Periodic Screening Diagnosis.
Machining and accuracy studies for a tibial knee implant using a force-controlled robot (1998)

Total knee arthroplasty requires accurate preparation of the bone surfaces to maximize bone implant contact area in cementless surgery and to obtain proper joint kinematics and ligament balancing. Robots can make the cuts with the necessary high precision. The purpose of this article is threefold: to propose an alternative method for intraoperative registration using an intramedullary rod and an alternative method for force control using the hybrid force-velocity control scheme; to demonstrate that the accuracy and the surface flatness of the cuts machined by a robot are better than in a conventional operation; and to monitor the machining process and to try to derive some information about the local bone quality from it. The results of the laboratory study are promising: the surface flatness of the tibial plateau, calculated using a least squares method, is 0.1-0.2 mm, which is significantly better than in conventional surgery; and the high angular accuracy of the robot allows the bone cuts to be located precisely. Further, an exponential relation between milling forces and local bone density was established, so measurements of the milling forces can provide the surgeon with on-line information about the local bone quality.
Dietary Effect of Puer Tea Extract on the Body Weight in Rats (2010)

Puer tea is a traditional beverage originating from Yunnam area of China. It supplies basic nutrients such as vitamin C. It has been well reported that daily drinking of Puer tea can help the digestion and ease the stomachache after food intake. Puer tea also contains various polyphenols which may exert antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes. Because of these functional effects on digestive system we suspected if Puer tea can display any dietary effect or decrease the obesity after long-term drinking. We employed 6-week old SD rats as experimental animal and treated them with extract of Puer tea in relation to the body weights. Rats were divided into 5 groups (NC, PC, E, E+P, E+P5). NC group was experimental control and rest of them are as follows: water only (PC), water with exercise (E), water with exercise and Puer tea extract (E+P), water with exercise and 5X extract of Puer tea (E+P5). Feeding was carried out every day for 5 weeks by oral administration. Reduction rate of body weights was highest in E group. Relative ratio of losing weight was as follows: PC group (100.78%), E group (95.57%), E+P group (94.53%) and E+P5 group (74.22%), respectively. Exercise was more helpful to control the body weight. The result strongly suggests that Puer tea is highly effective to control the body weight and could be used for pharmaceutical purpose to treat obesity without side effects.
Progesterone favors the development of human T helper cells producing Th2-type cytokines and promotes both IL-4 production and membrane CD30 expression in established Th1 cell clones (1995)

Abstract The effect of progesterone (P) on the cytokine production profile of Ag-specific human CD4+ T cell lines and clones was investigated. T cell lines specific for purified protein derivative or streptokinase (SK) derived in the presence of P exhibited significant increased ability to produce IL-5 in comparison with T cell lines derived in the absence of P. Moreover, IL-4 was significantly increased in SK-specific T cell lines derived in the presence of P in comparison with SK-specific T cell lines derived in the absence of this hormone. In addition, SK-specific T cell lines generated in the presence of P developed into T cell clones showing a Th0-, instead of Th1-like, cytokine profile. Furthermore, SK-specific T cell clones with an established Th1 profile of cytokine secretion did express mRNA for, and produced detectable amounts of, IL-4 when stimulated with P in combination with insoluble anti-CD3 mAb. Combined stimulation with P and insoluble anti-CD3 mAb also enabled Th1 clones to express CD30 on their surface membrane. These results indicate that P can favor the development of Th cells producing Th2-type cytokines and is an inducer of both transient IL-4 production and CD30 expression in established Th1 cells. Thus, P production at the placental level may be responsible, at least in part, for increased production of Th2-type cytokines which have been implied in fetal allograft survival and maintenance of successful pregnancy.
Producing and delivering a coursera MOOC on pattern-oriented software architecture for concurrent and networked software (2013)

A massive open online course (MOOC) is a web-based class environment aimed at large-scale global participation and open access via the Internet. MOOCs are also a disruptive trend changing how education is delivered and funded throughout the world. In the spring of 2013, we developed and taught Vanderbilt's first MOOC, entitled "Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture for Concurrent and Networked Software" (known as the POSA MOOC). This ten-week MOOC was an amalgamation of several courses on software design and programming taken by ~600 undergraduate and graduate students at Vanderbilt during the past decade. Enrollment in our POSA MOOC was more than 50 times (31,000+) that number, consisting of students with a wide range of backgrounds, interests, and expertise from scores of countries around the world.
Heart valve macro- and microstructure (2007)

Each heart valve is composed of different structures of which each one has its own histological profile. Although the aortic and the pulmonary valves as well as the mitral and the tricuspid valves show similarities in their architecture, they are individually designed to ensure optimal function with regard to their role in the cardiac cycle. In this article, we systematically describe the structural elements of the four heart valves by different anatomical, light- and electron-microscopic techniques that have been presented. Without the demand of completeness, we describe main structural features that are in our opinion of importance in understanding heart valve performance. These features will also have important implications in the treatment of heart valve disease. They will increase the knowledge in the design of valve substitutes or partial substitutes and may participate to improve reconstructive techniques. In addition, understanding heart valve macro- and microstructure may also be of benefit in heart valve engineering techniques.
Low Dosage of Chitosan Supplementation Improves Intestinal Permeability and Impairs Barrier Function in Mice (2016)

The purpose of this study was to explore relationships between low dose dietary supplementation with chitosan (COS) and body weight, feed intake, intestinal barrier function, and permeability in mice. Twenty mice were randomly assigned to receive an unadulterated control diet (control group) or a dietary supplementation with 30 mg/kg dose of chitosan (COS group) for two weeks. Whilst no significant differences were found between the conditions for body weight or food and water intake, mice in the COS group had an increased serum D-lactate content (P < 0.05) and a decreased jejunal diamine oxidase (DAO) activity (P < 0.05). Furthermore, mice in COS group displayed a reduced expression of occludin and ZO-1 (P < 0.05) and a reduced expression of occludin in the ileum (P < 0.05). The conclusion drawn from these findings showed that although 30 mg/kg COS-supplemented diet had no effect on body weight or feed intake in mice, this dosage may compromise intestinal barrier function and permeability. This research will contribute to the guidance on COS supplements.
VLSI implementation of soft output Viterbi equalizers for mobile radio applications (2003)

Advantageous optimum and suboptimum receiver structures operating in the IF domain, therefore enabling real signal processing and reducing hardware expense, are presented. Petri net representations of the soft output Viterbi equalizer (SOVE) and the transition metric calculation combined with so-called add-soft-output-select recursion are given. Hence, an efficient design flow and an easy-to-accomplish validation of the functionality of the design is achieved. Further, the impact of the quantization and the duration of the channel impulse response on both the performance and the complexity of SOVE VLSIs are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Influence of Catalytic Functionalities of Zeolites on Product Selectivities in Methanol Conversion (2009)

In an attempt to understand the textural and acidic properties of zeolites on the methanol conversion and product selectivities, three zeolites, ferrierite, clinoptilolite, and SAPO-34, are studied. Temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3−TPD) indicated the presence of more weak acidity on ferrierite and clinoptilolite compared to the considerable strong acidity on SAPO-34. At 250 °C, all three samples exhibited comparable methanol conversions, but relatively lower dimethyl ether (DME) and higher light olefins are observed on SAPO-34. Ferrierite and clinoptilolite samples exhibited high selectivity for the formation of DME even at higher reaction temperatures (400 °C), while the product shifted from DME to light olefins with an increasing reaction temperature on SAPO-34. Especially, ferrierite, owing to its mild acidity and small pore size, is found to be a good catalyst for the methanol conversion to DME at 250 °C without significant deactivation for 100 h time on stream.
Learning Dynamic Belief Graphs to Generalize on Text-Based Games (2020)

Playing text-based games requires skills in processing natural language and sequential decision making. Achieving human-level performance on text-based games remains an open challenge, and prior research has largely relied on hand-crafted structured representations and heuristics. In this work, we investigate how an agent can plan and generalize in text-based games using graph-structured representations learned end-to-end from raw text. We propose a novel graph-aided transformer agent (GATA) that infers and updates latent belief graphs during planning to enable effective action selection by capturing the underlying game dynamics. GATA is trained using a combination of reinforcement and self-supervised learning. Our work demonstrates that the learned graph-based representations help agents converge to better policies than their text-only counterparts and facilitate effective generalization across game configurations. Experiments on 500+ unique games from the TextWorld suite show that our best agent outperforms text-based baselines by an average of 24.2%.
Discriminative Clustering by Regularized Information Maximization (2010)

Is there a principled way to learn a probabilistic discriminative classifier from an unlabeled data set? We present a framework that simultaneously clusters the data and trains a discriminative classifier. We call it Regularized Information Maximization (RIM). RIM optimizes an intuitive information-theoretic objective function which balances class separation, class balance and classifier complexity. The approach can flexibly incorporate different likelihood functions, express prior assumptions about the relative size of different classes and incorporate partial labels for semi-supervised learning. In particular, we instantiate the framework to un-supervised, multi-class kernelized logistic regression. Our empirical evaluation indicates that RIM outperforms existing methods on several real data sets, and demonstrates that RIM is an effective model selection method.
GOI fabrication for monolithic 3D integration (2017)

A low temperature (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =350 °C) process for Ge on insulator (GOI) substrate fabrication with thicknesses of less than 25 nm is reported in this work. The process is based on a single step epitaxial growth of a Ge/SiGe/Ge stack on Si, room temperature wafer bonding, and an etch-back process using Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> as an etch-stop layer. Using this technique, GOI substrates with surface roughness below 0.5 nm, thickness nonuniformity of less than 3 nm, and residual p-type doping of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> are achieved. Ge pFETs are fabricated (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> =600 °C) on the GOI wafer with 70% yield. The devices exhibit a negative threshold voltage of -0.18 V and 60% higher mobility than the SOI pFET reference devices.
Jigsaw: scalable software-defined caches (2013)

Shared last-level caches, widely used in chip-multiprocessors (CMPs), face two fundamental limitations. First, the latency and energy of shared caches degrade as the system scales up. Second, when multiple workloads share the CMP, they suffer from interference in shared cache accesses. Unfortunately, prior research addressing one issue either ignores or worsens the other: NUCA techniques reduce access latency but are prone to hotspots and interference, and cache partitioning techniques only provide isolation but do not reduce access latency. We present Jigsaw, a technique that jointly addresses the scalability and interference problems of shared caches. Hardware lets software define shares, collections of cache bank partitions that act as virtual caches, and map data to shares. Shares give software full control over both data placement and capacity allocation. Jigsaw implements efficient hardware support for share management, monitoring, and adaptation. We propose novel resource-management algorithms and use them to develop a system-level runtime that leverages Jigsaw to both maximize cache utilization and place data close to where it is used.We evaluate Jigsaw using extensive simulations of 16- and 64-core tiled CMPs. Jigsaw improves performance by up to 2.2x (18% avg) over a conventional shared cache, and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art NUCA and partitioning techniques.
Mathematical Approach to Computational Networks (1978)

Abstract : This report deals with design principles for iterative computational networks. Such computational networks are used for performing repetitive computations which typically are not data-dependent. Most of the signal processing algorithms, like FFT and filtering, belong to this class. The main idea in this report is the development of mathematical notation for expressing such designs. This notation captures the important features and properties of these computational networks, and can be used for analyzing, designing, and objectively evaluating computational networks.
NETosis: A New Factor in Tumor Progression and Cancer-Associated Thrombosis (2014)

Neutrophils have long been known as innate immune cells that phagocytose and kill pathogens and mount inflammatory responses protecting the host from infection. In the past decades, new aspects of neutrophils have emerged unmasking their importance not only in inflammation but also in many pathological conditions including thrombosis and cancer. The 2004 discovery that neutrophils, upon strong activation, release decondensed chromatin to form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), has unveiled new avenues of research. Here, we review current knowledge regarding NETs in thrombosis, with a special focus on cancer-associated thrombosis as well as their potential role in cancer growth and metastasis. We discuss the prospective use of NET-specific biomarkers, such as citrullinated histone H3 and NET inhibitors, as tools to anticipate and fight cancer-associated thrombosis. We propose that the rapid developments in the field of NETosis may provide new targets to combat the thrombotic consequences of cancer and perhaps even help to contain the disease itself.
Qualifying Relative Timing Constraints for Asynchronous Circuits (2016)

Relative Timing uses path based timing constraints to guarantee that a circuit conforms to its behavioral specification. Timing constraints are used to order signal transitions or events in a circuit through corresponding minimum and maximum delay timing constraints. A circuit may have multiple sets of constraints, each of which, when satisfied, can individually ensure functional correctness. This paper presents a framework to evaluate and rank relative timing constraint sets for a given circuit. The constraint sets are evaluated on the basis of robustness of the constraints and conflicts between constraints in the same set. The analysis is automated by building a tool. The paper applies the methodology and tool to optimize the extraction of relative timing constraints for delay insensitive timing models of asynchronous circuits. This is demonstrated using a burst-mode controller. The optimization leads to an average tool runtime reduction of 94%.
Subfatin is a Novel Adipokine and Unlike Meteorin in Adipose and Brain Expression (2014)

Subfatin is a novel adipokine regulated by adipogenesis and obesity, with tissue distribution different from its homologue Meteorin.
Rank Predictions of Internal Corrosion of Gathering Pipelines in a Natural Gas Field With a Multi-Kernel SVM Method (2020)

Abstract Internal CO2/H2S corrosion of gathering pipelines is a serious problem in natural gas plant. It is important for field engineers to assess the corrosion degree and control corrosion risk. A multi-kernel support-vector-machine (SVM) method is presented to rank internal corrosion of gathering pipelines according to the NACE RP-0775-91 standard. By considering the nonlinear indivisibility between data, we combined three kinds of kernels (linear kernel, polynomial kernel, and Gaussian kernel) into a multi-kernel SVM to rank the internal CO2/H2S corrosion of gathering pipelines. The method was applied to a natural gas field in northwest China. Corrosion data were collected and analyzed. The prediction accuracy of the multi-kernel SVM method for ranking CO2/H2S corrosion was 66%, which is higher than the results of the single-kernel SVM methods (linear kernel, polynomial kernel and Gaussian kernel), whose prediction accuracies are 50%, 48% and 54% respectively. These findings could help field engineers rank corrosion and reduce the corrosion risk.
Measurement and analysis of impulsive noise on in-vehicle power lines (2010)

In-vehicle signal transmission requires dedicated communication cables such as twisted metal wires and optical fiber cables, which increase the weight and the volume of wiring harnesses in vehicles. Furthermore, the number of electronic control units (ECUs) and the other electronic devices in vehicles is increasing. As a result, in-vehicle networks are becoming more and more complex and unstable. In-vehicle power line communication (PLC) system has been proposed to carry out signal transmissions between ECUs via in-vehicle power lines. The in-vehicle PLC system simplifies in-vehicle networks and reduces the weight and the volume of wiring harnesses. To design communication systems, we analyze communication environments which are mainly characterized by propagation channels and additive noise. In this paper, the measurement and the analysis of frequency responses for in-vehicle power lines are presented to analyze the propagation channels. Thus we observe frequency-selective fading channels which have several notches in the frequency domain because of reflection of signals at impedance mismatching points. We also analyze the noise and the interference in order to design reliable communication systems. For this purpose, the measurement and analysis of the noise on in-vehicle power lines are presented. A lot of bursty impulsive noises are observed while actuators in vehicles are active. A time-frequency analysis is applied to the observed noise and we show time-varying frequency spectra of the observed noise. Finally, we discuss in-vehicle PLC schemes which are suitable for signal transmissions.
Sendai virus receptor: proposed recognition structure based on binding to plastic-adsorbed gangliosides. (1980)

The binding of Sendai virus to polystyrene petri dishes to which various gangliosides of defined structures had been adsorbed was determined. The ganglioside-bound virus was visualized either by a water vapor condensation method or by a hemadsorption method. By either assay, specific virus binding of high affinity was demonstrated to the gangliosides GT1a, GQ1b, and GPlc which have a common end sequence in the oligosaccharide moiety: NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 8NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc leads to. Binding also occurred to the GD1a and GT1b gangliosides, which have the same end carbohydrate sequence except for the terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid, but the affinity was only 1-9% of that of the gangliosides with a terminal disialosyl linkage. It is proposed that the structure NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 8NeuAc alpha 2 leads to 3Gal beta 1 leads to 3GalNAc is the recognition-specific structure of the receptor for Sendai virus that is present on cell membrane gangliosides and possibly also glycoproteins. Binding tests to plastic-adsorbed glycolipids are suggested to be a useful tool for identification of the receptor recognition structure.