gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Not-So-Naïve Bayesian Networks and Unique Identification in Developing Advanced Diagnostics (2006)

Problems in accuracy and effectiveness in system diagnosis and prognosis arise from constructing models from design data that do not match implementation, failing to account for inherent uncertainty in test data, and failing to account for characteristics unique to specific units due to variations in usage, environment, or other factors. Large sums of money have been expended by owners of these systems, but little improvement in measures such as retest-OK rate and cannot duplicate rate has been reported. In fact, simply losing track of where specific units are located has resulted in substantial losses of money. In this paper, we study the problem of performing diagnosis and prognosis on systems and describe an approach to building models based on data collected about specific units. We rely on the emerging Department of Defense (DoD) unique identification (UID) program that is focusing on obtaining this data and apply Bayesian methods for constructing such diagnostic models. Specifically, we discuss an alternative class of Bayesian model that we call the "not-so-naive" Bayesian network (NBN). We also discuss the concept of the NBN in the context of the UID program as a means of tracking and deriving probabilities for creating the network. Finally, we focus on the specific problems encountered and lessons learned from working with a large, real-world database for the US Navy's STANDARD missile
Worldwide Epidemiology of Atrial Fibrillation (2013)

These findings provide evidence of progressive increases in overall burden, incidence, prevalence, and AF-associated mortality between 1990 and 2010, with significant public health implications. Systematic, regional surveillance of AF is required to better direct prevention and treatment strategies.
A practical approach for generic bootkit detection and prevention (2014)

Bootkits are still the most powerful tool for attackers to stealthily infiltrate computer systems. In this paper we present a novel approach to detect and prevent bootkit attacks during the infection phase. Our approach relies on emulation and monitoring of the system's boot process. We present results of a preliminary evaluation on our approach using a Windows system and the leaked Carberp bootkit.
MIMII Dataset: Sound Dataset for Malfunctioning Industrial Machine Investigation and Inspection (2019)

Factory machinery is prone to failure or breakdown, resulting in significant expenses for companies. Hence, there is a rising interest in machine monitoring using different sensors including microphones. In the scientific community, the emergence of public datasets has led to advancements in acoustic detection and classification of scenes and events, but there are no public datasets that focus on the sound of industrial machines under normal and anomalous operating conditions in real factory environments. In this paper, we present a new dataset of industrial machine sounds that we call a sound dataset for malfunctioning industrial machine investigation and inspection (MIMII dataset). Normal sounds were recorded for different types of industrial machines (i.e., valves, pumps, fans, and slide rails), and to resemble a real-life scenario, various anomalous sounds were recorded (e.g., contamination, leakage, rotating unbalance, and rail damage). The purpose of releasing the MIMII dataset is to assist the machine-learning and signal-processing community with their development of automated facility maintenance. The MIMII dataset is freely available for download at: https://zenodo.org/record/3384388
Mechanisms of the Penetration of Blood-Borne Substances into the Brain (2009)

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) impedes the influx of intravascular compounds from the blood to the brain. Few blood-borne macromolecules are transferred into the brain because vesicular transcytosis in the endothelial cells is considerably limited and the tight junction is located between the endothelial cells. At the first line of the BBB, the endothelial glycocalyx which is a negatively charged, surface coat of proteoglycans, and adsorbed plasma proteins, contributes to the vasculoprotective effects of the vessels wall and are involved in maintaining vascular permeability. In the endothelial cytoplasm of cerebral capillaries, there is an asymmetrical array of metabolic enzymes such as alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase, adenosine triphosphatase, and nucleoside diphosphatase and these enzymes contribute to inactivation of substrates. In addition, there are several types of influx or efflux transporters at the BBB, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp), multidrug resistance associated protein, breast cancer resistance protein, organic anion transporters, organic cation transporters, organic cation transporter novel type transporters, and monocarboxylic acid transporters. P-gp, energy-dependent efflux transporter protein, is instrumental to the barrier function. Several findings recently reported indicate that endothelial P-gp contributes to efflux of undesirable substances such as beta-amyloid protein from the brain or periarterial interstitial fluid, while P-gp likely plays a crucial role in the genesis of multiple vascular abnormalities that accompany hypertension. In this review, influx and efflux mechanisms of drugs at the BBB are also reviewed and how medicines pass the BBB to reach the brain parenchyma is discussed.
Optimization of Mud Hammer Drilling Performance--A program to Benchmark the Viability of Advanced Mud Hammer Drilling (2005)

3/4 inch diameter mud hammers with 8 1/2 inch hammer bits. A Novatek MHN5 and an SDS Digger FH185 mud hammer were tested with several bit types, with performance being compared to a conventional (IADC Code 537) tricone bit. These tools functionally operated in all of the simulated downhole environments. The performance was in the range of the baseline ticone or better at lower borehole pressures, but at higher borehole pressures the performance was in the lower range or below that of the baseline tricone bit. A new drilling mode was observed, while operating the MHN5 mud hammer. This mode was noticed as the weight on bit (WOB) was in transition from low to high applied load. During this new ''transition drilling mode'', performance was substantially improved and in some cases outperformed the tricone bit. Improvements were noted for the SDS tool while drilling with a more aggressive bit design. Future work includes the optimization of these or the next generation tools for operating in higher density and higher borehole pressure conditions and improving bit design and technology based on the knowledge gained from this test program.
Identifying Representative Synergy Matrices for Describing Muscular Activation Patterns During Multidirectional Reaching in the Horizontal Plane (2010)

Muscle synergies have been proposed as a simplifying principle of generation of movements based on a low-dimensional control by the CNS. This principle may be useful for movement restoration by, e.g., functional electrical stimulation (FES), if a limited set of synergies can describe several functional tasks. This study investigates the possibility of describing a multijoint reaching task of the upper limb by a linear combination of one set of muscle synergies common to multiple directions. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 12 muscles of the dominant upper limb of eight healthy men during single-joint movements and a multijoint reaching task in 12 directions in the horizontal plane. The movement kinematics was recorded by a motion analysis system. Muscle synergies were extracted with nonnegative matrix factorization of the EMG envelopes. Synergies were computed either from the single-joint movements to describe the two degrees of freedom independently or from the multijoint movements. On average, the multijoint reaching task could be accurately described in all the directions (coefficient of determination >0.85) by a linear combination of either four synergies extracted from the individual degrees of freedom or three synergies extracted from multijoint movements in at least three reaching directions. These results indicate that a large set of multijoint movements can be generated by a synergy matrix of limited dimensionality and common to all directions if the synergies are extracted from a representative number of directions. The linear combination of synergies may thus be used in strategies for restoring functions, such as FES.
Multicast scheduling for streaming video in single frequency networks (2011)

With development in wireless mobile communication and evolution to high capacity system like LTE, multimedia streaming over wireless channel becomes an interesting topic both in field of research and application. The bottleneck of this issue is limited available resources in the systems; therefore it is important how the system is allocating its resources to deliver different streams to the subscribers. Transmitting data content in a mobile cell can be either uni-cast or multicast transmission. In multicasting type, data content is delivered simultaneously to all users within a group who already subscribed for that special stream. In both transmissions, an algorithm called scheduler decided which multicast group or user should be scheduled and receives the data content. Moreover the scheduler is responsible to dynamically change the transmission rate according to use-end’s channel condition. In this Master’s thesis, we analyze multicast scheduling algorithms for delivering multilayer and single-layer streams to the user-end in LTE-MBSFN network. We use three scheduler algorithms, Max-Sum, Max-Prod, RRB-Max_Sum, to set up the simulation system. We evaluate the performance of algorithms on MBSFN and single cell multicast transmission, as well as the impact of using single-layer and multilayer streams. Comparing single cell-multicast transmission and MBSFN scenario, our simulation shows that the quality of received streams is not degraded when the cell traffic load is small on both network structures. On high cell load occasion transmitting the single layer stream in MBSFN, results in low quality of service. The streaming can be offline when the scheduler has access to the data as much as it wants (i.e. saved on the hard disk) or real-time when data contents are stored on size limited buffer. We show that sending a small data bust is not an efficient way of multicasting on MBSFN and wastes the resources. Therefore in this Master thesis, we propose a Multi-group- Max_Sum algorithm that aggregates the small packet together and forms a bigger packet to efficiently use the frequency resources. The system will approach its ideal performance (offline streaming) when using a Multi-group-Max_Sum scheduler. After specific length, the buffer size doesn’t have impact on the scheduler performance.
Effects of moisture and delamination on cracking of plastic IC packages during solder reflow (2002)

Some studies have indicated that "popcorn" cracking of plastic IC packages during solder reflow is due to excessive stress caused by the vaporization of moisture in the interface between the die pad and the plastic encapsulant. The numerical stress analyses done to date, however, have assumed that the vapor pressure in the delaminated pad-encapsulant is equal to the saturation pressure corresponding to the temperature at the interface during solder reflow. In fact, this vapor pressure in the delamination is developed gradually by the diffusion of moisture into the delamination. In this paper, this transient pressure rise at the delaminated pad-encapsulant interface is obtained using finite element simulation of the heat and moisture diffusion processes that occur simultaneously. It is shown that the maximum vapor pressure developed in the delamination is much lower than the saturation pressure values assumed by other researchers. However, even at this lower vapor pressure, it is shown using finite element analysis employing a crack-tip element, that the maximum principal stress developed in the encapsulant exceeds its strength. Thus, cracking of the encapsulant would still occur. It is also shown that delamination of the pad-encapsulant interface is necessary condition for package cracking. More significantly, it is established that the primary effect of moisture in "popcorn" cracking is the degradation of the adhesion of the pad-encapsulant interface, and not so much the increase in stress due to moisture vaporizing in the delaminated interface.
Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) conjugated denatured bovine serum albumin micelles for effective delivery of camptothecin (2012)

A novel nontoxic denatured bovine serum albumin (dBSA)-based platform for effectively delivering drugs was prepared. It was demonstrated that the as-prepared dBSA micelles could effectively load and deliver a water insoluble anti-cancer drug in vitro assay. The results also indicated that the denaturization of the BSA did not enhance the cytotoxicity practically, but significantly enhanced its cellular uptake.
<i>In situ</i> polymerization and characterization of polyester‐based polyurethane/nano‐silica composites (2003)

Abstract Polyester‐based polyurethane/nano‐silica composites were obtained via in situ polymerization and investigated by Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), or FTIR coupled with attenuated total reflectance (FTIR‐ATR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), an Instron testing machine, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and ultraviolet‐visible spectrophotometry (UV‐vis). FTIR analysis showed that in situ polymerization provoked some chemical reactions between polyester molecules and nano‐silica particles. FTIR‐ATR, TEM and AFM analyses showed that both surface and interface contained nano‐silica particles. Instron testing and DMA data showed that introducing nano‐silica particles into polyurethane enhanced the hardness, glass temperature and adhesion strength of polyurethane to the substrate, but also increased the resin viscosity. UV‐vis spectrophotometry showed that nano‐silica obtained by the fumed method did not shield UV radiation in polyurethane films. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry
Salt Softening of Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules (2005)

The changes in the morphology and the mechanical properties of hollow polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules made from poly(styrenesulfonate)/poly(allylamine hydrochloride) in response to added salt were investigated. We found that capsules shrink in response to salt exposure. The effect depends strongly on the nature of the salt added and follows trends of the Hoffmeister series, with weakly hydrated cations inducing the strongest shrinking. For NaCl, we have investigated additional effects on capsule mechanical properties that are occurring above a 3 M salt concentration and we found that the morphological changes are accompanied by a pronounced softening of the capsule wall material, which we can quantify by analyzing the force response of capsules in the prebuckling regime. This shows that salts can act as plasticizers in the multilayers and induce annealing effects.
Channel allocation in OFDMA-based wireless ad-hoc networks (2002)

Wireless ad hoc networks find great utility in situations where there is no wired base station infrastructure. For large networks wireless channel access needs to be performed in a distributed manner. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) is an emerging multiple access technique that is used in several new networking technologies. In this paper we study the use of OFDMA for ad hoc networks. Each point-to-point link does not transmit over the entire band and uses a subset of the total number of available subcarriers. This enables flexible network resource management with the ability to vary the output link capacity depending on the traffic load. Specifically, we address the problem of subcarrier allocation for point-to-point links of ad hoc networks. We present a distributed algorithm for subcarrier allocation and compare its performance to a centralized graph-theoretic heuristic. The simulation results also show that our protocol is robust and scalable.
Topological volume skeletonization using adaptive tetrahedralization (2004)

Topological volume skeletons represent level-set graphs of 3D scalar fields, and have recently become crucial to visualizing the global isosurface transitions in the volume. However, it is still a time-consuming task to extract them, especially when input volumes are large-scale data and/or prone to small-amplitude noise. The paper presents an efficient method for accelerating the computation of such skeletons using adaptive tetrahedralization. The tetrahedralization is a top-down approach to linear interpolation of the scalar fields in that it selects tetrahedra to be subdivided adaptively using several criteria. As the criteria, the method employs a topological criterion as well as a geometric one in order to pursue all the topological isosurface transitions that may contribute to the global skeleton of the volume. The tetrahedralization also allows us to avoid unnecessary tracking of minor degenerate features that hide the global skeleton. Experimental results are included to demonstrate that the present method smoothes out the original scalar fields effectively without missing any significant topological features.
Design exploration of ultra-low power non-volatile memory based on topological insulator (2012)

Topological insulator (TI) is recently discovered nano-device whose bulk acts as insulator but surface behaves as metal. As state information in a TI device is conducted by ordered spins, it draws tremendous interest for ultra-low power computing. This paper shows a state-space modeling and design exploration of TI device for non-volatile memory (NVM) design. The non-traditional electrical state in TI is extracted and modeled in a SPICE-like simulator. The model is the employed for hybrid CMOS-TI NVM design explorations for both memory cell and memory array. The experiment results show that TI based NVM exhibits a fast write and read latency as low as 20ns. In addition, compared to other emerging NVM technologies, it exhibits several orders of magnitude lower operation energy.
A Novel Approach for the Prediction of Dynamic Features of Air Release and Absorption in Hydraulic Oils (2013)

An accurate evaluation of fluid density and bulk modulus is essential for predicting the operation of hydraulic systems and components. Among the models reported in literature to describe fluid properties, of particular success in the fluid power field are the continuous methods that assume the gas and liquid phases to be the same fluid. However, these models are typically based on steady-state equilibrium relations and, consequently, they fail in correctly predicting the dynamic features of both air release and air absorption processes. These phenomena are particularly important for machines based on open-system hydraulic circuits, in which a significant part of the system can operate with a fluid below the saturation pressure. This paper addresses this topic by proposing a novel approach suitable to describe the dynamic features of both vaporization and air release processes. The approach is based on simplified transport equations to evaluate the phase change rate and the air release/dissolve rate. These transport equation are obtained from the well-known theoretical “full cavitation model” previously developed for computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Specific tests were performed to validate particularly as concerns the air release/absorption features using a standard ISO32 mineral oil. Comparisons between model predictions and measurement data are presented for compression/decompression cycles as concerns transient fluid density and bulk modulus, and a good agreement between the two trends is found, showing the potentials of the new approach to describe typical cavitation phenomena in hydraulic systems.
Key Parameters for Startability Improvement Applied to Ethanol Engines (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">It is well known that high ethanol content fuels have to face poor quality regarding startability in cold conditions on a spark ignited engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper will show test results when using E0, E85 and E100 fuels led on a single cylinder engine equipped with an active valve train research system. In order to improve engine behavior in severe thermal conditions, influence of several parameters was investigated. Injection strategies (timing, split injection, flow rate), valve train laws (delayed intake opening, valve lift…), ignition parameters (timing, multi-spark, strong energy coil…) as well as intake pressure were analyzed thanks to cylinder pressure analysis and specific test procedure. CFD investigations (influence of fuel, wall wetting) helped us to confirm some hypothesis on physical phenomenon. Those simulations were correlated with spray and wall film visualizations in the inlet port on an optical engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">To conclude, it has been clearly shown that valve lift and valve timing optimization are the most efficient strategies as well as injection timing and low intake pressure to minimize start duration. Fruitful CFD results were also found on wall wetting process and underline some guidelines to optimize settings. This work provides a useful help to get efficient tuning on flex fuel engines.</div>
Actions of Steroids and Prostaglandins Secreted by the Placenta and Uterus of the Cow and Ewe on Lymphocyte Proliferation In Vitro (1988)

Prostaglandins, steroids, and their metabolites that are known to be produced by the conceptus, maternal endometrium, and placenta of the cow and sheep were tested for their ability to inhibit in vitro blastogenesis of bovine and ovine lymphocytes. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) suppressed PHA- and mixed lymphocyte reaction-induced blastogenesis in a log-linear, concentration-dependent manner, exerting its inhibitory effect at a final concentration of 10(-8) M and higher. PGE2 also inhibited IL-2-dependent proliferation of lymphocytes, but to a lesser degree than for PHA-treated cultures. Progesterone and estradiol-17 beta also inhibited [3H] thymidine incorporation into PHA-stimulated lymphocytes, but only at a pharmacological concentration of 10(-5) M. No synergy between PGE2 and progesterone in inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation was observed. Estrone, PGF2 alpha, 15-keto-13,14-dihydro-PGF2 alpha, and two metabolites of progesterone (5 beta-pregnane-3,20-dione and 5 beta-pregnane-3,20-diol) had no effect on lymphocyte proliferation. By virtue of its continual production at the fetal-maternal interface throughout pregnancy, PGE2 may be an important local immunoregulatory agent to protect the allogeneic fetus from maternal immunological attack in the cow and ewe.
Inflammation, Immunity, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: I. Etiology and pathology (2018)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a severely debilitating disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons. Charcot first described ALS in 1869<sup>1</sup> ; however, its pathogenesis remains unknown, and effective treatments remain elusive. It is apparent that new paradigms must be investigated to understand the effectors of ALS, including inflammation, immune responses, and the body's response to stress and injury. Herein we discuss the potential role of the immune system in ALS pathogenesis and critically review evidence from patient and animal studies. Although immune system components may indeed play a role in ALS pathogenesis, studies implicating immune cells, antibodies, and cytokines in early disease pathology are limited. We propose more focused studies that examine the role of the immune system together with characterized pathogenesis to determine when, where, and if immune and inflammatory processes are critical to disease progression, and thus worthy targets of intervention. Muscle Nerve 59:10-22, 2019.