gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Single-lung transplant in chronic obstructive disease]. (1995)

The feasibility and the good immediate acceptability of unilateral lung transplants in the patients with obstructive respiratory problems have recently been demonstrated and since the initial reports, some hundreds of lung transplants have been performed in various parts of the world for this indication. Nevertheless, few results of respiratory function are currently available in the medium term. We report these in a series of 20 patients with severe obstruction who were given single lung transplants. The actual probability of survival for 1 and 2 years was 75 and 70% respectively with 4 peri-operative deaths and 2 later deaths. In the 16 survivors of more than 6 months, in relation to the pre-operative values, a significant improvement was observed 3 months after the graft in the FEV1 which rose from 17 +/- 6 to 53 +/- 13% of the predicted values. The PaO2 rose from 52 +/- 10 to 81 +/- 3 mmHg. The distance covered on the six minute walking test went from 99 +/- 84 m before the graft to 587 +/- 147 m 6 months after the operation. In addition to the improved distance, the lung function was stable in a group of patients as the months went by, although there was a fall in the respiratory function in others with the appearance of the syndrome of bronchiolitis obliterans or in 2 patients with bronchial complications. The four patients with severe deterioration in the graft function were re-transplanted with a good clinical result in three of them, the fourth dying in the immediate post-operative period. We conclude that single lung transplant represents an effective treatment both in the short and medium term in patients with chronic airflow obstruction.
Bio-Inspired Computing Architectures: The Embryonics Approach (2006)

The promise of next-generation computer technologies, such as nano-electronics, implies a number of serious alterations to the design flow of digital circuits. One of the most serious issues is related to circuit layout, as conventional lithographic techniques do not scale to the molecular level. A second important issue concerns fault tolerance: molecular-scale devices will be subject to fault densities that are orders of magnitude greater than silicon-based circuits. In our work, we are investigating a different approach to the design of complex computing systems, inspired by the developmental process of multi-cellular organisms in nature. This approach has led us to define a hierarchical system based on several levels of complexity, ranging from the molecule (modeled by an element of a programmable logic device when the system is applied to silicon) to the organism, defined as an application-specific multi-processor system. By setting aside some of the conventional circuit design priorities, namely size and (to a certain extent) performance, we are able to design fully scalable systems endowed with some properties not commonly found in digital circuits. Most notably, by exploiting a hierarchical self-repair approach, our systems are able to tolerate higher fault densities, whereas a self-replication mechanism allows our arrays of processing elements to self-organize, greatly reducing the layout complexity of the system.
Non-integrating lentiviral vectors based on the minimal S/MAR sequence retain transgene expression in dividing cells (2016)

Safe and efficient gene transfer systems are the basis of gene therapy applications. Non-integrating lentiviral (NIL) vectors are among the most promising candidates for gene transfer tools, because they exhibit high transfer efficiency in both dividing and non-dividing cells and do not present a risk of insertional mutagenesis. However, non-integrating lentiviral vectors cannot introduce stable exogenous gene expression to dividing cells, thereby limiting their application. Here, we report the design of a non-integrating lentiviral vector that contains the minimal scaffold/matrix attachment region (S/MAR) sequence (SNIL), and this SNIL vector is able to retain episomal transgene expression in dividing cells. Using SNIL vectors, we detected the expression of the eGFP gene for 61 days in SNIL-transduced stable CHO cells, either with selection or not. In the NIL group without the S/MAR sequence, however, the transduced cells died under selection for the transient expression of NIL vectors. Furthermore, Southern blot assays demonstrated that the SNIL vectors were retained extrachromosomally in the CHO cells. In conclusion, the minimal S/MAR sequence retained the non-integrating lentiviral vectors in dividing cells, which indicates that SNIL vectors have the potential for use as a gene transfer tool.
Retransmission Error Control with Memory (1977)

Automatic-repeat-request (ARQ) is one of the most commonly used error control techniques today. In this paper, an error control technique that is a basic improvement over ARQ is presented. The technique uses the simple idea of utilizing erroneously received blocks in an ARQ system for error control, retaining most of the other aspects of ARQ. The technique is termed ARQ-with-memory (MRQ). The general MRQ system is described, and simple upper and lower bounds are derived on the throughput achievable by MRQ. The performance of MRQ with respect to throughput, message delay and probability of error is compared to that of ARQ by simulating both systems using error data from a VHF satellite channel being operated in the ALOHA packet broadcasting mode [9].
Operation of Dividing-Wall Distillation Columns. 2. A Double Temperature Difference Control Scheme (2013)

In the first paper of this series, it has been demonstrated that, although the temperature difference control (TDC) and simple temperature difference control (STDC) schemes render stricter control of the three product qualities of the dividing-wall distillation column (DWDC) than the temperature control (TC) scheme, they still exhibit somewhat great steady-state offsets, which deteriorate system performance. To deal with this drawback, we devise a double temperature difference control (DTDC) scheme to facilitate the operation of the DWDC in the current work. The proposed DTDC scheme consists of four double temperature difference control loops, with one in the prefractionator, whose objective is to maintain a certain degree of separation of the fed mixture, and the remainder in the main distillation column, whose objective is to maintain the purities of top, intermediate, and bottom products. In particular, the three temperature measurements in the control loops for the prefractionator and intermediate product are required to be in the each side of the dividing wall, and this makes the DTDC scheme behave in good accordance with the working principle of the DWDC. Separation of two ternary mixtures of hypothetical components A, B, and C and benzene, toluene, and o-xylene are chosen as illustrative examples to evaluate the performance of the DTDC scheme, and thorough comparison is conducted with the currently available TDC scheme. The obtained results indicate that the proposed DTDC scheme is much superior to the TDC scheme in the operation of the DWDC with substantially reduced steady-state discrepancies. This permits the DTDC scheme to be capable of handling severe disturbances as great as 30% in feed compositions with acceptable steady-state deviations in the three product qualities. The great advantages of the DTDC scheme justify the employment of four additional temperature measurements in the operation of the DWDC, compared with the currently available TDC scheme.
An Improved Degree Distribution Based HARQ for LDPC (2006)

An improved hybrid ARQ (HARQ) scheme for irregular LDPC codes based on degree distributions is introduced in this paper. In traditional degree distribution based HARQ (DDB-HARQ), the source selectively retransmits the nodes with large degrees and this scheme brings a significant gain to the irregular LDPC coded system. However, the selecting method of the traditional scheme is thought to be not accurate enough. In this paper, an improved method in which the source retransmits the nodes in different degrees at specific proportions each time has been proposed. According to the analysis with Gaussian approximation (GA) the improved scheme could be more efficient since the retransmission proportions are more accurate which has also been proved by the simulation results
Recent Advances in Our Understanding of HLA-G Biology: Lessons from a Wide Spectrum of Human Diseases (2016)

HLA-G is a HLA-class Ib molecule with potent immunomodulatory activities, which is expressed in physiological conditions, where modulation of the immune response is required to avoid allograft recognition (i.e., maternal-fetal interface or transplanted patients). However, HLA-G can be expressed de novo at high levels in several pathological conditions, including solid and hematological tumors and during microbial or viral infections, leading to the impairment of the immune response against tumor cells or pathogens, respectively. On the other hand, the loss of HLA-G mediated control of the immune responses may lead to the onset of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases, caused by an uncontrolled activation of the immune effector cells. Here, we have reviewed novel findings on HLA-G functions in different physiological and pathological settings, which have been published in the last two years. These studies further confirmed the important role of this molecule in the modulation of the immune system.
Rate-monotonic analysis for real-time industrial computing (1994)

Issues of real-time resource management are pervasive throughout industrial computing. The underlying physical processes of many industrial computing applications impose explicit timing requirements on the tasks processed by the computer system. These timing requirements are an integral part of the correctness and safety of a real-time system. It is tempting to think that speed (for example, processor speeds or higher communication bandwidths) is the sole ingredient in meeting system timing requirements, but speed alone is not enough. Proper resource-management techniques also must be used to prevent, for example, situations in which long, low priority tasks block higher priority tasks with short deadlines. One guiding principle in real-time system resource management is predictability, the ability to determine for a given set of tasks whether the system will be able to meet all of the timing requirements of those tasks. Predictability calls for the development of scheduling models and analytic techniques to determine whether or not a real-time system can meet its timing requirements. The author illustrates an analysis methodology, rate monotonic analysis, for managing real-time requirements in a distributed industrial computing situation. The illustration is based on a comprehensive robotics example drawn from a typical industrial application.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Serum Factor Supporting Long-Rerm Survival of Rat Central Neurons in Culture (1983)

Gel filtration of serum at pH 3.6 yielded a fraction that supported long-term (months) survival of dissociated rat central neurons in monolayer culture more reliably than the traditionally used unfractionated serum. The cultures remained neuron-rich, because this fraction did not support the proliferation of glia and fibroblasts that occurs in whole serum. With an apparent molecular weight of 55,000 and an isoelectric point of 5.6, the active factor (or factors) in this fraction is distinct from any well-defined growth factor.
A silicon-on-insulator complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor compatible flexible electronics technology (2012)

This paper reports a simple flexible electronics technology that is compatible with silicon-on-insulator (SOI) complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Compared with existing technologies such as direct fabrication on flexible substrates and transfer printing, the main advantage of this technology is its post-SOI-CMOS compatibility. Consequently, high-performance and high-density CMOS circuits can be first fabricated on SOI wafers using commercial foundry and then be integrated into flexible substrates. The yield is also improved by eliminating the transfer printing step. Furthermore, this technology allows the integration of various sensors and microfluidic devices. To prove the concept of this technology, flexible MOSFETs have been demonstrated.
Mathematical Modelling of Intermittent Drying (2017)

Energy efficiency and food quality are two key issues in food drying. In intermittent drying, the moisture diffuses towards the surface during the tempering period, which makes water available on food surface and thus increases the subsequent drying rate. Consequently, intermittent drying can improve energy efficiency and food quality. Mathematical modelling can provide detailed understanding of heat and mass transfer that takes place during drying. Moreover, models can provide dynamic profiles of temperature and moisture distribution and redistribution during intermittent drying, which is difficult to investigate experimentally. This chapter provides an overview of mathematical modelling of intermittent and time-dependent drying, including intermittency of heat sources such as microwave and infrared. The approaches of modelling of intermittent drying and their advantages and disadvantages are also discussed. Further, the reaction engineering approaches (REA) on intermittent drying modelling are presented and discussed. Finally, the solution techniques for the models are presented.
Patterning with spacer for expanding the resolution limit of current lithography tool (2006)

Double Exposure Technology (DET) is one of the main candidates for expanding the resolution limit of current lithography tool. But this technology has some bottleneck such as controlling the CD uniformity and overlay of both mask involved in the lithography process. One way to solve this problem and still maintain the resolution advantage of DET is using spacers. Patterning with a spacer not only expands the resolution limit but also solves the problems involved with DET. This method realizes the interconnection between the cell and peripheral region by "space spacer" instead of "line spacer" as usually used. Spacer process involves top hard mask etch, nitride spacer, oxide deposition, CMP, and nitride strip steps sequentially. Peripheral mask was additionally added to realize the interconnection region. With the use of spacers, it was possible to realize the NAND flash memory gate pattern with less than 50nm feature only using 0.85NA (ArF).
A Dictionary of Mechanical Engineering (2019)

Over 8,000 entries This Dictionary provides definitions and explanations for mechanical engineering terms in clear and concise A to Z entries, many illustrated. This new edition greatly expands the coverage of materials engineering terms, with a complete revision of the existing entries and the addition of more than 200 new ones in this area. Other new entries include atomic force microscope, epitrochoid, fundamental physical constant, light-emitting diode, motor generator unit, Ohm’s law, and turbomachine. Also touched upon are related subject areas such as acoustics, bioengineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, aeronautical engineering, and environmental engineering. It is the most comprehensive and authoritative dictionary of its kind, and an essential reference for students of mechanical engineering and for anyone with an interest in the subject.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Rearrangement of 2‐Amino‐3‐carbethoxy‐4‐ethylfuro(3,2‐b)pyridinium Cation to 2‐Oxo‐3‐cyano‐4‐ethyl‐4H‐furo(3,2‐b)pyridine. (1988)

Abstract The N‐ethylfuropyridinium iodide (III), obtained by ethylation of the furopyridine (I), undergoes the base‐induced rearrangement mentioned in the title, yielding the oxofuropyridine (IV).
Lifestyle Intervention of Hypocaloric Dieting and Walking Reduces Abdominal Obesity and Improves Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors in Obese, Postmenopausal, African-American and Caucasian Women (2003)

Background. There are few empirical data to support the claim that weight loss improves coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factors in postmenopausal women; nor is it known if there are racial differences in changes of body fat distribution, lipids, glucose tolerance, and blood pressure with weight loss. This study determined the efficacy of a lifestyle weight loss intervention in reducing total and abdominal obesity and improving CHD risk factors in obese Caucasian and African-American postmenopausal women.
Mechanics of the normal woman's breast (2007)

Knowledge on the forces acting on a woman's breast and on the mechanical properties of the breast tissues is important for studying the effects of plastic surgery techniques for breast reconstruction as well as for the design of cosmetic breast implants. Surprisingly, there are no data in the literature regarding mechanical loads on the breast tissues during daily or sport activities, and there are no coherent sources of data in regard to mechanical properties of the breast tissues. Accordingly, this paper is aimed at reviewing the mechanics of the normal breast. First, the anatomy of the breast and major aging-related changes are described. Second, the mechanical characteristics of all tissue components of the breast are detailed. Last, analytical approximations are made in regard to the forces acting on the breast during normal activity, and the respective internal breast forces supported by the suspensory ligaments, pectoralis fascia and ribs are calculated. The data presented in this paper are useful for biomechanical modeling of the breast as well as for evaluating the loads acting on surgical repairs and breast implants.
Agent-based personalized services in a mobile computing environment (2002)

This paper proposes an agent-based service provisioning system for mobile users. It features a set of cooperative agents distributed over different sites that work together to provide personalized services for users within a mobile computing environment. For instance, when a user moves outside of his office, he would like to have a similar office environment while he is at home, in a meeting at another company, on a business trip or at a temporary location such as a hotel. Agents representing the end-users and the system agents may engage into a negotiation process to help the user access personalized services at particular site in accordance with the user's home policies and his current location policies. Adaptive Service Presentation agent is used to adapt the service presentation to the capabilities of the user's device (e.g. Workstation, Laptop, Phone, PDA). This work is part of the Mobile Agent Alliance project involving University of Ottawa, National Research Council and Mitel Corporation in Canada.
Entropy estimators and serial tests for ergodic chains (2001)

Maurer (1992, A universal statistical test for random bit generators) discussed a statistic whose value is closely related to the per-bit-entropy of an ergodic stationary source. Here we derive an entropy estimate from a class of generalized serial tests and discuss its relationship to return-time-based entropy estimators and frequency-based goodness-of-fit tests. Our setup extends Kullback's I-divergence approach for independent stationary sequences to the class of ergodic Markov chains. The effects caused by the order of the source are examined theoretically and by an empirical study.
Optimal Disturbance Observer Design for High Tracking Performance in Motion Control Systems (2020)

In this paper, a stability-driven optimal disturbance observer (DO) is proposed. The proposed method does not require any plant inverse dynamics to detect introduced disturbances or a stabilizing Q filter. It does not require additional compensators to resolve causality problems, due to the relative degree, or filters to solve instability problems of non-minimum phase plants. Using this method enables wideband and narrowband disturbances to be attenuated by simply multiplying the corresponding peak filters by the baseline weight function. Furthermore, the proposed DO guarantees the stability of closed-loop systems because the already designed outer-loop systems are considered as a target plant to be stabilized and because of the Lyapunov stability-based H∞ control. In the application example, it was confirmed that the proposed method is effective, and the position error signals were improved by 20.9% in commercial hard disk drives and 36.6% in optical image stabilization systems.
Screening of Human Tumor Antigens for CD4+ T Cell Epitopes by Combination of HLA-Transgenic Mice, Recombinant Adenovirus and Antigen Peptide Libraries (2010)

Our screening approach identified new HLA-DRB1*0301-restricted CD4+ T cell epitopes derived from melanoma antigens. This strategy is generally applicable to target antigens of other tumor entities and to different HLA class II molecules even without prior characterization of their peptide binding motives.
Generating High-Definition Facial Video for Shared Mixed Reality. (2005)

We propose a scheme to recover the eye-contact between multiple users in Shared Mixed Reality Space. The eye-contact in a collaborating mixed reality space is lost as the side effect of wearing head-mounted displays (HMDs). We developed a method to synthesize 3D facial video in order to recover eye-contact which was lost by an HMD. Our method can synthesize facial video with arbitrary posture and arbitrary sight-line including moving eyelid in real time by using 3D scanner and high-resolution digital camera. 1
Agents that work in harmony by knowing and fulfilling their obligations (1998)

Societies constrain the behavior of agents by imposing multiple, often contradictory, obligations and interdictions amongst them. To work in harmony, agents must find ways to satisfy these constraints, or to break less important ones when necessary. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem based on a representation of obligations and interdictions in an organizational framework, together with an inference method that also decides which obligations to break in contradictory situations. These are integrated in an operational, practically useful agent development language that covers the spectrum from defining organizations, roles, agents, obligations, goals, conversations to inferring and executing coordinated agent behaviors in multi-agent applications. One strength of the approach is the way it supports negotiation by exchanging deontic constraints amongst agents. We illustrate this and the entire system with a negotiated solution to the feature interaction problem in the telecommunications industry.
Microprocessor-controlled signal-to-noise ratio measurement system for speech codes (1982)

Engineers occupied in the development of hardware coder-decoder pairs (codecs) need an objective performance measure. Such a measure is the mean-square error (MSE). For complicated signals, such as speech signals, the error signal e(t) = S <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">i</inf> (t) − s <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</inf> (t) is hard to obtain. The reason for this is that each codec has a nonzero delay and a nonunity gain. This makes a straightforward subtraction of the output from the input signal impossible. This paper describes an accurate microprocessor-based measuring system applicable for the evaluation of speech codecs. In this system, the nonzero delay and the nonunity gain of the codec under test are compensated. Thus the error signal can be obtained by means of a differential amplifier. During a predefined period, the input and error signal are measured and the mean-square values of both are calculated. The ratio of these values, expressed in decibels is presented as the result of the measurement. Any input signal can be used, but since the system is intended for codecs of communication quality, the frequency range is limited to 3400 Hz. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR's) of up to 70 dB can be measured.