gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent horizontal transfer of a mariner transposable element among and between Diptera and Neuroptera. (1995)

Transposable elements of the mariner family are widespread among insects and other invertebrates, and initial analyses of their relationships indicated frequent occurrence of horizontal transfers between hosts. A specific PCR assay was used to screen for additional members of the irritans subfamily of mariners in more than 400 arthropod species. Phylogenetic analysis of cloned PCR fragments indicated that relatively recent horizontal transfers had occurred into the lineages of a fruit fly Drosophila ananassae, the horn fly Haematobia irritans, the African malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and a green lacewing Chrysoperla plorabunda. Genomic dot-blot analysis revealed that the copy number in these species varies widely, from about 17,000 copies in the horn fly to three copies in D. ananassae. Multiple copies were sequenced from genomic clones from each of these species and four others with related elements. These sequences confirmed the PCR results, revealing extremely similar elements in each of these four species (greater than 88% DNA and 95% amino acid identity). In particular, the consensus sequence of the transposase gene of the horn fly elements differs by just two base pairs out of 1,044 from that of the lacewing elements. The mosquito lineage has diverged from the other Diptera for over 200 Myr, and the neuropteran last shared a common ancestor with them more than 265 Myr ago, so this high similarity implies that these transposons recently transferred horizontally into each lineage. Their presence in only the closest relatives in at least the lacewing lineage supports this hypothesis. Such horizontal transfers provide an explanation for the evolutionary persistence and widespread distribution of mariner transposons. We propose that the ability to transfer horizontally to new hosts before extinction by mutation in the current host constitutes the primary selective constraint maintaining the sequence conservation of mariners and perhaps other DNA-mediated elements.
Chiral speciation and determination of selenomethionine enantiomers in selenized yeast by HPLC-ICP-MS using a teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase (2000)

Chiral separation of underivatized selenoaminoacids enantiomers by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin-based chiral stationary phase (Chirobiotic T) was investigated. The effect of methanol content, pH and ionic strength of the mobile phase on retention and resolution of the enantiomers was examined to optimize the chromatographic conditions. Underivatized DL-selenomethionine and DL-selenoethionine enantiomers were completely resolved within 8 min using a 2% (v/v) methanol–water (unbuffered) mobile phase delivered at 1 mL min−1. Very good selectivity and excellent detection limits of 1.9 µg L−1 (0.8 µg L−1 as Se) for each DL-selenomethionine enantiomer were obtaining by on-line coupling the chiral HPLC separation with selenium-specific detection by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The HPLC-ICP-MS method was successfully applied to the chiral speciation and determination of D- and L- selenomethionine enantiomers in real samples of selenized yeast.
Follow-up: Recontacting Subjects in Mutagen Exposure Monitoring Studies (1988)

David B. Busch, George T. Bryan, Douglas Easterling, Howard Leventhal, Edward M. Messing, Kenneth B. Cummings, Follow-up: Recontacting Subjects in Mutagen Exposure Monitoring Studies, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 10, No. 5 (Sep. - Oct., 1988), pp. 9-11
Reversal of cardiac and renal fibrosis by pirfenidone and spironolactone in streptozotocin‐diabetic rats (2001)

Fibrosis leads to chronic impairment of cardiac and renal function and thus reversal of existing fibrosis may improve function and survival. This project has determined whether pirfenidone, a new antifibrotic compound, and spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, reverse both deposition of the major extracellular matrix proteins, collagen and fibronectin, and functional changes in the streptozotocin(STZ)-diabetic rat. Streptozotocin (65 mg kg(-1) i.v.)-treated rats given pirfenidone (5-methyl-1-phenyl-2-[1H]-pyridone; approximately 200 mg kg(-1) day(-1) as 0.2 - 2g 1(-1) drinking water) or spironolactone (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1) s.c.) for 4 weeks starting 4 weeks after STZ showed no attenuation of the increased blood glucose concentrations and increased food and water intakes which characterize diabetes in this model. STZ-treatment increased perivascular and interstitial collagen deposition in the left ventricle and kidney, and surrounding the aorta. Cardiac, renal and plasma fibronectin concentrations increased in STZ-diabetic rats. Passive diastolic stiffness increased in isolated hearts from STZ-diabetic rats. Both pirfenidone and spironolactone treatment attenuated these increases without normalizing the decreased +dP/dt(max) of STZ-diabetic hearts. Left ventricular papillary muscles from STZ-treated rats showed decreased maximal positive inotropic responses to noradrenaline, EMD 57033 (calcium sensitizer) and calcium chloride; this was not reversed by pirfenidone or spironolactone treatment. STZ-treatment transiently decreased GFR and urine flow rates in isolated perfused kidneys; pirfenidone but not spironolactone prevented the return to control values. Thus, short-term pirfenidone and spironolactone treatment reversed cardiac and renal fibrosis and attenuated the increased diastolic stiffness without normalizing cardiac contractility or renal function in STZ-diabetic rats.
Skiing Trauma and Safety: Seventh International Symposium (1989)

Description Research findings and expert opinion on the problem of snow skiing injury. 39 papers cover: epidemiology of skier injuries; skier behavior, ability, and conditioning; specific skier injuries; ski boot mechanics; binding mechanics; biomechanics of the lower extremity in skiing; biomechanics of thumb injuries; skiing safety; biomedical testing; and clothing.
Role of Ubiquitination in IGF-1 Receptor Signaling and Degradation (2007)

Our data suggest important roles of ubiquitination in mediating IGF-1R signaling and degradation. Ubiquitination of IGF-1R requires receptor tyrosine kinase activity, but is not involved in Akt activation. In addition we show that the C-terminal domain of IGF-1R is a necessary requisite for ubiquitination and ERK phosphorylation as well as for proteasomal degradation of the receptor.
Pr/sup +3/-doped GeS/sub 2/-Ga/sub 2/S/sub 3/-based chalcohalide glasses for 1.3 μm fibre amplifiers (2002)

The low phonon energy of germanium sulphide glasses makes them ideal candidates as host material for 1.3 /spl mu/m fibre amplifier applications. However, since this glass suffers from poor rare earth solubility, glass network modifiers have been employed in the glass composition, without adversely affecting either the thermal or the spectroscopic properties of the synthesised glass. In the present investigation, we report the synthesis and optical properties of modified GeS/sub 2/-based chalcohalide glasses with excellent thermal characteristics suitable for drawing low loss optical fibres. /sup 1/G/sub 4/-/sup 3/H/sub 5/ emission spectrum and fluorescence lifetime were measured in selected praseodymium (Pr/sup +3/)-doped glass compositions and a quantum efficiency of 45% was calculated. Preliminary characterization of third order nonlinearity in the designed glass pointed to remarkable results (/spl chi//sup (3)//spl sim/1/spl times/10/sup -11/ esu) for chalcogenide glasses.
Optimal Frequency of Imiquimod (Aldara) 5% Cream for the Treatment of External Genital Warts in Immunocompetent Adults: A Meta-Analysis (2008)

The optimal application schedule of imiquimod 5% cream for external anogenital warts is three times per week.
Intraspecific differences between cottontail and woodchuck isolates of the trichostrongylid nematode Obeliscoides cuniculi (Graybill) (2015)

The investigations reported in this paper were Undertaken to determine whether isolates of Obeliscoides cuniculi from the southern woodchuck (Marmota monax monax) and the eastern cottontail rabbit (Sylvilagus floridanus mearnsi) are identical or two distinct strains.Infections were induced in laboratory rabbits by oral inoculation of 3,000 infective larvae of woodchuck and cottontail origin.In the first experiment, the course of the infection was studied in two 5-animal groups, by following fecal egg counts twice weekly during a 5 month period.The second experiment comprised two groups, each containing 6 animals, all of which were necropsied 28 days postinoculation.The prepatent period averaged about 17 days in the woodchuck strain and 15 days in the cottontail strain.Worm egg output by the cottontail strain was much higher than in the woodchuck strain.The cottontail strain exhibited 2 peaks before egg production decreased from the maximum to a low level.In two rabbits the woodchuck strain also showed a second peak.At 161 days postinoculation, the average number of cottontail strain eggs passed in a 24-hour period was 17,931, compared with 2,998 in the woodchuck strain.More worms were recovered at necropsy from rabbits infected with the cottontail strain than from rabbits infected with the woodchuck strain.The female-to-male ratio in the cottontail strain was 1:1.3 at 28 days and 1:2.03 on day 168 postinoculation.A similar sex ratio was obtained in the woodchuck strain.The associated pathological changes were primarily those of gastritis, the mucosa being studded with petechial haemorrhages in small localized areas, edematous fundic rugae, and a few areas of ulceration.Histological studies revealed that the woodchuck strain in some instances produced the most severe lesions.In older infections a few crateriform ulcers were more common in rabbits infected with the woodchuck strain than in the cottontail strain.Measurements of adult Obeliscoides cuniculi of both strains showed significant differences (P<0.01) in length of body, esophagus, spicules, and in the distance from anterior end to vulvar region.Retardation of the parasite at the fourth stage was the most consistent phenomenon observed in rabbits infected with the cottontail strain.The inhibited larvae remained in the mucosa as long as 225 days.In accordance with the above findings, it is concluded that 0. cuniculi isolates of woodchuck and the cottontail origin which were used in this study represent distinct strains having a number of unique physiological and morphological characteristics.
Piezoelectric-transducer-controlled tunable microwave circuits (2002)

This paper introduces a new method to tune microwave circuits of phase shifters, filters, resonators, and oscillators, controlled by a piezoelectric transducer (PET) with computational and experimental results. An optimized PET-controlled phase shifter is demonstrated to operate up to 40 GHz with a maximum total loss of 4 dB and phase shift of 480/spl deg/. PET-controlled tunable bandpass filter, ring resonator, and one-dimensional photonic-bandgap resonator show a very wide tuning bandwidth of 17.5%-28.5% near 10 GHz with little performance degradation. A new PET-controlled or voltage-controlled dielectric-resonator oscillator (DRO) is demonstrated with a tuning bandwidth of 3.7% at the center frequency of 11.78 GHz. The tuning bandwidth is slightly less than that of a mechanical tuning using a micrometer-head-controlled tunable DRO with a tuning bandwidth of 4.7%. The new tuning method should have many applications in monolithic and hybrid microwave integrated circuits.
Design and Implementation of a Fast RS and QC-LDPC Cascade Encoder (2010)

In this paper,a novel design of RS+QC-LDPC cascade encoder is presented,furthermore,the based FPGA implementation of the encoder is introduced.The throughput of cascade encoder surpasses 2.25G bit/s with using several optimization techniques,such as duplex expansion QC-LDPC code,interleave coded and reasonable code length and code rate.
High‐field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) coupled with high‐resolution electron transfer dissociation mass spectrometry for the analysis of isobaric phosphopeptides (2009)

We have applied high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) to the analysis of the phosphopeptides APLpSFRGSLPKSYVK, APLSFRGpSLPKSYVK, and APLSFRGSLPKpSYVK. The peptides have identical amino acid sequences and differ only in the site of phosphorylation. The results show that FAIMS is capable of at least partially separating these species. Separation was confirmed by coupling FAIMS with high-resolution electron transfer dissociation (ETD) mass spectrometry. Phosphorylation is retained on the ETD peptide fragments thereby allowing assignment of the site of the modification. Co-eluting phosphopeptides which differ only in the site of modification are frequently observed in liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics experiments, and therefore these proof-of-principle results have implications for the application of FAIMS in that field.
Importance-driven volume rendering (2005)

This work introduces importance-driven volume rendering as a novel technique for automatic focus and context display of volumetric data. Our technique is a generalization of cut-away views, which - depending on the viewpoint - remove or suppress less important parts of a scene to reveal more important underlying information. We automatize and apply this idea to volumetric data. Each part of the volumetric data is assigned an object importance, which encodes visibility priority. This property determines which structures should be readily discernible and which structures are less important. In those image regions, where an object occludes more important structures it is displayed more sparsely than in those areas where no occlusion occurs. Thus the objects of interest are clearly visible. For each object several representations, i.e., levels of sparseness, are specified. The display of an individual object may incorporate different levels of sparseness. The goal is to emphasize important structures and to maximize the information content in the final image. This work also discusses several possible schemes for level of sparseness specification and different ways how object importance can be composited to determine the final appearance of a particular object.
Personalized Adaptive Learning using Neural Networks (2016)

Adaptive learning is the core technology behind intelligent tutoring systems, which are responsible for estimating student knowledge and providing personalized instruction to students based on their skill level. In this paper, we present a new adaptive learning system architecture, which uses Artificial Neural Network to construct the Learner Model, which automatically models relationship between different concepts in the curriculum and beats Knowledge Tracing in predicting student performance. We also propose a novel method for selecting items of optimal difficulty, personalized to student's skill level and learning rate, which decreases their learning time by 26.5% as compared to standard pre-defined curriculum sequence item selection policy.
The Third Wave? (2017)

The field of security and privacy has made steady progresses in developing technical mechanisms, which I refer to as the first wave of security and privacy research. Since the 70's, human factors and usability have been recognized as a key property of effective security and privacy mechanisms. This is what I call the second wave of security and privacy research, focusing on usability. In this article, I propose and advocate for a third wave of research that I call inclusive security and privacy, which is concerned with designing security and privacy mechanisms that are inclusive to people with various characteristics, abilities, needs and values. I present a preliminary research framework and research agenda for advancing inclusive security and privacy.
Single and multi-phase AC losses in HTS prototype power transmission conductors (1999)

AC losses in several 1 m long high temperature superconductor (HTS) prototype multi-strand conductors (PMCs) have been measured with a temperature-difference calorimeter. Both single-phase and three-phase losses were examined with AC currents up to 1000 A rms in the PMC. In addition, "two-phase" losses, with current flowing in the two normal conductor phases but not in the PMC, were also investigated. The calorimeter, designed specifically for these measurements in the liquid nitrogen temperature range, has a precision of 1 mW. The PMCs consist of two layers of helically-wound Bi-2223/Ag sheathed HTS tape, each layer wrapped with opposite pitch. Losses were found to depend on about the third power of the current-a result in agreement with the Bean-Norris model adapted to the double-helix configuration. Increasing either the critical current I/sub c/ of the tapes or decreasing the temperature of a PMC at fixed current resulted in decreased single-phase losses, in accord with the model. The three-phase losses indicate a significant interaction between phases and a smaller dependence on tape I/sub c/ than expected.
<title>Oxyhemoglobin measurement of whole blood specimens in a silicon microfabricated cuvette</title> (1997)

The purpose of this study was to develop a miniaturized CO- oximeter for hemoglobin derivative measurement using microfabrication technology. A microcuvette (volume equals 507 nl) was fabricated for analysis of percent oxyhemoglobin (O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb%) in whole blood. A cuvette of 50 micrometer pathlength produced optimal absorbance sensitivity to changes in O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb%. The pressure differential for a nominal blood flow rate of approximately 1 microliter/second was 4.1 kPa (16.6 in water, 0.6 psi). Entrained bubbles were easily discharged at these pressures. Spectral measurements were made using an ocean optics miniaturized spectrophotometer (500 - 700 nm). A fiber optic probe with one receiving and six emitting fibers (200 micrometer core and 0.22 NA) was used for spectral measurement. Heparinized fresh blood from a healthy volunteer was tonometered with N<SUB>2</SUB>, CO<SUB>2</SUB>, and O<SUB>2</SUB> mixtures to produce six samples with O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb% from 22 - 97%. Chemometrics was used for data analysis. The second derivatives of spectra were taken to eliminate baseline changes caused by RBC light scattering. Indirect calibration by principal component regression was applied to the second derivative. Four factor cross validation showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9994 between measured O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb% of lysed blood using an OSM3 CO- oximeter (Radiometer America, Ohio) and whole blood using the microfabricated cuvette. The linear relationship is: O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb%micro-cuvette equals 0.8411% plus 0.9882 multiplied by O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb%<SUB>OSM3</SUB>. We conclude that O<SUB>2</SUB>Hb% measurement on unlysed whole blood using a silicon microfabricated cuvette is practical and that results are similar to traditional CO- oximetry.
Stability of ferroic phases in the highly piezoelectric Pb(Zr<sub>x</sub>Ti<sub>1−x</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>ceramics (2007)

The morphotropic phase boundary in the phase diagram of the technologically important Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (PZT) ceramics has been traditionally believed to separate ferroelectric tetragonal and rhombohedral phase regions. This old picture has come under close scrutiny during the last eight years following the discovery of new monoclinic phases in the Cm and Cc space groups. This article presents a brief overview of these discoveries in which the use of multiple diffraction probes (X-ray, electron, neutron diffraction) in conjunction with physical property measurements has played a crucial role. A new phase diagram of PZT showing the stability fields of these structures below room temperature is also presented.
Wireless Sensor Applications for Building Operation and Management (2021)

The emerging technology of wireless sensing shows promise for changing the way sensors are used in buildings. Lower cost, easier to install, sensing devices that require no connections by wires will potentially usher in an age in which ubiquitous sensors will provide the data required to cost-effectively operate, manage, and maintain commercial buildings at peak performance. This chapter provides an introduction to wireless sensing technology, its potential applications in buildings, three practical examples of tests in real buildings, estimates of impacts on energy consumption, discussions of costs and practical issues in implementation, and some ideas on applications likely in the near future.
Control of respirable particles and radon progeny with portable air cleaners (1984)

Eleven portable air cleaning devices have been evaluated for control of indoor concentrations of respirable particles and radon progeny. Following injection of cigarette smoke and radon in a room-size chamber, decay rates for particles and radon progeny concentrations were measured with and without air cleaner operation. Particle concentrations were obtained for total number concentration and for number concentration by particle size. In tests with no air cleaner the natural decay rate for cigarette smoke was observed to be 0.2 hr/sup -1/. Air cleaning rates for particles were found to be negligible for several small panel-filters, a residential ion-generator, and a pair of mixing fans. The electrostatic precipitators and extended surface filters tested had significant particle removal rates, and a HEPA-type filter was the most efficient air cleaner. The evaluation of radon progeny control produced similar results; the air cleaners which were effective in removing particles were also effective in removing radon progeny. At low particle concentrations plateout of the unattached radon progeny is an important removal mechanism. Based on data from these tests, the plateout rate for unattached progeny was found to be 15 hr/sup -1/. The unattached fraction and the overall removal rate due to deposition of attached and unattached nuclides have been estimated for each radon decay product as a function of particle concentration. While air cleaning can be effective in reducing total radon progeny, concentrations of unattached radon progeny can increase with increasing air cleaning. 39 references, 26 figures, 9 tables.
Site-Directed Mutagenesis of the Nidovirus Replicative Endoribonuclease NendoU Exerts Pleiotropic Effects on the Arterivirus Life Cycle (2006)

The highly conserved NendoU replicative domain of nidoviruses (arteriviruses, coronaviruses, and roniviruses) belongs to a small protein family whose cellular branch is prototyped by XendoU, a Xenopus laevis endoribonuclease involved in nucleolar RNA processing. Recently, sequence-specific in vitro endoribonuclease activity was demonstrated for the NendoU-containing nonstructural protein (nsp) 15 of several coronaviruses. To investigate the biological role of this novel enzymatic activity, we have characterized a comprehensive set of arterivirus NendoU mutants. Deleting parts of the NendoU domain from nsp11 of equine arteritis virus was lethal. Site-directed mutagenesis of conserved residues exerted pleiotropic effects. In a first-cycle analysis, replacement of two conserved Asp residues in the C-terminal part of NendoU rendered viral RNA synthesis and virus production undetectable. In contrast, mutagenesis of other conserved residues, including two putative catalytic His residues that are absolutely conserved in NendoU and cellular homologs, produced viable mutants displaying reduced plaque sizes (20 to 80% reduction) and reduced yields of infectious progeny of up to 5 log units. A more detailed analysis of these mutants revealed a moderate reduction in RNA synthesis, with subgenomic RNA synthesis consistently being more strongly affected than genome replication. Our data suggest that the arterivirus nsp11 is a multifunctional protein with a key role in viral RNA synthesis and additional functions in the viral life cycle that are as yet poorly defined.