gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Omega-3 Triglycerides Modify Blood Clearance and Tissue Targeting Pathways of Lipid Emulsions (2002)

Omega-3-rich (n-3) triglycerides (TG) are increasingly recognized as having modulating roles in many physiological and pathological conditions. We questioned whether the catabolism of lipid emulsions would be changed after enrichment with fish oil (n-3) TG as compared to enrichment with omega-6-rich soy oil (n-6) TG. Phospholipid-stabilized emulsions of n-3 TG and n-6 TG were labeled with [(3)H]cholesteryl oleoyl ether and administered by bolus injection to wild-type (WT) mice, mice lacking the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) (LDL-R -/-), and apolipoprotein E (apoE) knockout mice (apoE -/-). The effects of exogenous apoE, heparin, Triton WR 1339, and lactoferrin on catabolism of emulsions were also assayed. n-3 TG emulsions were cleared faster from blood and had different extrahepatic tissue targeting compared to n-6 TG emulsions. In apoE -/- and LDL-R -/- mice, blood clearance of n-6 TG emulsions slowed with decreased liver uptake, but no changes were observed in n-3 TG emulsion clearance and tissue uptake compared to WT mice. In WT mice, addition of exogenous apoE to the emulsion increased liver uptake of n-6 TG emulsions but had no impact on n-3 TG emulsions. Pre-injection of heparin increased and Triton WR 1339 and lactoferrin decreased blood clearance of n-6 TG emulsions with little or no effect on n-3 TG emulsions. Liver uptake of n-6 TG emulsions increased after heparin injection and decreased after Triton WR 1339 injection, but uptake of n-3 TG emulsions was not changed. These data show that the catabolism of n-3 TG emulsions and the catabolism of n-6 TG emulsions occur via very different mechanisms. Removal of chylomicron-sized n-6 TG emulsions is modulated by lipoprotein lipase (LPL), apoE, LDL-R, and lactoferrin-sensitive pathways. In contrast, clearance of chylomicron-sized n-3 TG emulsions relies on LPL to a very minor extent and is independent of apoE, LDL-R, and lactoferrin-sensitive pathways.
In-Image Accessibility Indication (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> There are about 8% of men and 0.8% of women suffering from colorblindness. Due to the loss of certain color information, regions or objects in several images cannot be recognized by these viewers and this may degrade their perception and understanding of the images. This paper introduces an in-image accessibility indication scheme, which aims to automatically point out regions in which the content can hardly be recognized by colorblind viewers in a manually designed image. The proposed method first establishes a set of points around which the patches are not prominent enough for colorblind viewers due to the loss of color information. The inaccessible regions are then detected based on these points via a regularization framework. This scheme can be applied to check the accessibility of designed images, and consequently it can be used to help designers improve the images, such as modifying the colors of several objects or components. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that attempts to detect regions with accessibility problems in images for colorblindness. Experiments are conducted on 1994 poster images and empirical results have demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach. </para>
Imprinting of Photonic Patterns with Thermosetting Amino-Formaldehyde-Cellulose Composites (2013)

A family of new amino resin-cellulose nanocrystal composites is reported. Owing to the chiral nematic order of the cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) embedded in the amino resin polymer, the materials appear highly iridescent and their color can be controlled by the addition of salt. The freshly prepared samples are highly flexible and their color can be manipulated by applying pressure to the films. Colored chiral nematic patterns can be permanently recorded in the composite films, suggesting their application for security features, pressure sensors, and decoration.
Temperature tuning of dispersion in a photonic band gap fiber (2003)

Summary form only given. Photonic band gap (PBG) fibers consist of a regular array of alternating dielectric material and guide light within a central defect region by a coherent Bragg scattering mechanism. The unique waveguiding mechanism of PBG fibers allows one the possibility to guide light within a low index core such as air or vacuum, potentially providing a route towards high power transmission. In this work, the group delay in a tunable PBG fiber is measured across a photonic band gap as a function of temperature. The group delay is found to track the shifts in the bandgap as the temperature is tuned, providing a means for tunable dispersion compensation.
Modeling and classification of natural sounds by product code hidden Markov models (1992)

Linear predictive coding (LPC), vector quantization (VQ), and hidden Markov models (HMMs) are three popular techniques from speech recognition which are applied in modeling and classifying nonspeech natural sounds. A new structure called the product code HMM uses two independent HMM per class, one for spectral shape and one for gain. Classification decisions are made by scoring shape and gain index sequences from a product code VQ. In a series of classification experiments, the product code structure outperformed the conventional structure, with an accuracy of over 96% for three classes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer-aided Diagnosis in Chest Radiography : Study of the Effect Caused by Varied Image Quality on Texture Analysis (2000)

Computer-aided diagnosis(CAD)system has been developing in the field of medical imaging. As CAD becomes more common in diagnostic radiology, it is expected that diagnostic performance will be improved. In actual use, however, the results of CAD might be affected by the quality of images, which are obtained under different exposure conditions and / or with differing devices. In this study, we investigated the effect of varied image quality on the results of texture analysis, a method developed by Katsuragawa, et al. and used in CAD for the detection of interstitial lung desease. To provide samples of varying image quality, we obtained images using various exposure doses and scatterer thicknesses. It was found that texture analysis was affected by differences in scatterer thickness.
Enhancing Mobile App Bug Reporting via Real-Time Understanding of Reproduction Steps (2022)

One of the primary mechanisms by which developers receive feedback about in-field failures of software from users is through bug reports. Unfortunately, the quality of manually written bug reports can vary widely due to the effort required to include essential pieces of information, such as detailed reproduction steps (S2Rs). Despite the difficulty faced by reporters, few existing bug reporting systems attempt to offer automated assistance to users in crafting easily readable, and conveniently reproducible bug reports. To address the need for proactive bug reporting systems that actively aid the user in capturing crucial information, we introduce a novel bug reporting approach called <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> . <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> assists reporters in writing S2Rs for mobile applications by analyzing natural language information entered by reporters in real-time, and linking this data to information extracted via a combination of static and dynamic program analyses. As reporters write S2Rs, <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> is capable of automatically suggesting potential future steps using predictive models trained on realistic app usages. To evaluate <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> , we performed two user studies based on 20 failures from 11 real-world apps. The empirical studies involved ten participants that submitted ten bug reports each and ten developers that reproduced the submitted bug reports. In the studies, we found that reporters were able to construct bug reports 31% <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">faster</i> with <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> as compared to the state-of-the-art bug reporting system used as a baseline. <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> 's reports were also <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">more reproducible</i> with respect to the ones generated with the baseline. Furthermore, we compared <sc xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EBug</small> 's prediction models to other predictive modeling approaches and found that, overall, the predictive models of our approach outperformed the baseline approaches. Our results are promising and demonstrate the feasibility and potential benefits provided by proactively assistive bug reporting systems.
Factors associated with disease-specific life impact in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa: results from the Global VOICE project (2023)

Patients with hidradenitis suppurativa experience significant life impact related to their disease. Younger age, Black race, high BMI, active smoking, flares, depression, anxiety, high comorbidity burden, disability, and difficult access to a dermatologist adversely influence life impact related to having hidradenitis suppurativa. Attention to these factors, particularly modifiable ones, may reduce overall impact of disease.
Recent advances in physical reservoir computing: A review (2019)

Reservoir computing is a computational framework suited for temporal/sequential data processing. It is derived from several recurrent neural network models, including echo state networks and liquid state machines. A reservoir computing system consists of a reservoir for mapping inputs into a high-dimensional space and a readout for pattern analysis from the high-dimensional states in the reservoir. The reservoir is fixed and only the readout is trained with a simple method such as linear regression and classification. Thus, the major advantage of reservoir computing compared to other recurrent neural networks is fast learning, resulting in low training cost. Another advantage is that the reservoir without adaptive updating is amenable to hardware implementation using a variety of physical systems, substrates, and devices. In fact, such physical reservoir computing has attracted increasing attention in diverse fields of research. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in physical reservoir computing by classifying them according to the type of the reservoir. We discuss the current issues and perspectives related to physical reservoir computing, in order to further expand its practical applications and develop next-generation machine learning systems.
HRR Detector for Slow-Moving Targets in Sea Clutter (2007)

The radar detection of targets in the presence of sea clutter has historically relied upon the radial velocity of targets with respect to the radar platform either by exploiting the relative target Dopplers (for targets with sufficient radial velocity) or by discerning the paths targets traverse from scan to scan. For targets with little to no radial velocity component, though, it can become quite difficult to differentiate targets from the surrounding sea clutter. This paper addresses the detection of slow-moving targets in sea clutter using a high resolution radar (HRR) such that the target has perceptible extent in range. Under the assumption of completely random sea clutter spikes based on an epsiv-contaminated mixture model with the signal and clutter powers known, optimal detection performance results from using the likelihood ratio test (LRT). However, for realistic sea clutter, the clutter spikes tend to be a localized phenomenon. Based upon observations from real radar data measurements, a heuristic approach exploiting a salient aspect of the idealized LRT is developed which is shown to perform well when applied to real measured sea clutter.
Fiber Bragg Grating Based Shear-Force Sensor: Modeling and Testing (2004)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a novel shear-force sensor using fiber Bragg grating (FBG) as the sensing element. The basic design consists of layers of carbon composite material (CCM) with an embedded FBG. A deformable layer of silicon rubber between the layers of CCM allows the applied shear force to change the grating periodicity and, hence, the reflected Bragg wavelength. The shift in the reflected Bragg wavelength shows a linear variation with the applied shear force. A theoretical model is established to study the shear sensing ability. In addition, numerical modeling is also carried out by the finite-element method (FEM). The experimental results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical predictions as well as the FEM results. In this paper, the basic concept of shear-force measurement using FBG and related theoretical model and FEM simulation results are discussed together with experimental verification.
Ferrite-free high power electrodeless fluorescent lamp operated at a frequency of 160-l000 kHz (2002)

An electrodeless ferrite-free fluorescent lamp of a closed-loop type (`tokamak') was studied at a driving frequency, f = 160-1000 kHz, and power of 100-250 W. The inductive discharge was ignited in the mercury-argon mixture with the help of an induction coil of several (7-15) turns made from multiple-strand (Litz) wire. The discharge parameters - current, resistance, and electric field - were calculated using the transformer model of an RF inductive discharge. They were found to be close to those measured in a plasma of a `tokamak'-type lamp operated at the same frequency and RF power but with the use of the ferrite cores [11]. The ferrite-free lamp had high luminous efficacy as high as 85 LPW at a frequency, f>200 kHz, and power of 100-200 W. Such a high efficacy is attributed to low coil power losses (<15 W) and hence to high lamp power efficiency, η>90%.
Cloning and expression of a gene coding for the prolipoprotein signal peptidase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1983)

An Escherichia coli mutant, Y815, has a temperature-sensitive prolipoprotein signal peptidase. IPTG-induced synthesis of the major outer membrane prolipoprotein (PLP) results in the inhibition of cell growth because of accumulation of PLP in its envelope [J. Bacteriol. (1982) 152, 1163-1168]. The 2000 E. coli strains of Clarke and Carbon's collection were screened for the presence of a plasmid complementing the IPTG-sensitivity of the growth of Y815. One plasmid, pLC3-13, complemented the IPTG-sensitivity. The envelope fraction prepared from Y815 transformed by pLC3-13 showed high activity of the PLP signal peptidase in vitro at high temperature. A 4 kb AccI fragment subcloned onto plasmid pHY001 was shown to carry the gene for the PLP signal peptidase.
High Speed Buffered Injection Readout for Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) (1998)

Design and operation of a high speed, low noise, wide dynamic range linear infku-ed multiplexer array for readout of infrared detectors with large detector capacitance is presented. Image lag related to abrupt transitions of signal currents is analyzed. A software error correction algorithm, along with its shortcomings is described. Pixel amplifier design considerations for high speed operation with reduced image lag is presented. Measured performance indicates that pixel amplifier design improvements have led to 2-3 times increase in signal-to-noise ratio, and reduction of image lag to less than 10 VO over the entire dynamic range of 10 pA to 10 nA of signal. Measured input referred noise is less than 300 electrons.
SH3 Binding Motif 1 in Influenza A Virus NS1 Protein Is Essential for PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway Activation (2007)

Recent studies have demonstrated that influenza A virus infection activates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway by binding of influenza NS1 protein to the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K. Our previous study proposed that two polyproline motifs in NS1 (amino acids 164 to 167 [PXXP], SH3 binding motif 1, and amino acids 213 to 216 [PPXXP], SH3 binding motif 2) may mediate binding to the p85 subunit of PI3K. Here we performed individual mutational analyses on these two motifs and demonstrated that SH3 binding motif 1 contributes to the interactions of NS1 with p85beta, whereas SH3 binding motif 2 is not required for this process. Mutant viruses carrying NS1 with mutations in SH3 binding motif 1 failed to interact with p85beta and induce the subsequent activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Mutant virus bearing mutations in SH3 binding motif 2 exhibited similar phenotype as the wild-type (WT) virus. Furthermore, viruses with mutations in SH3 binding motif 1 induced more severe apoptosis than did the WT virus. Our data suggest that SH3 binding motif 1 in NS1 protein is required for NS1-p85beta interaction and PI3K/Akt activation. Activation of PI3K/Akt pathway is beneficial for virus replication by inhibiting virus induced apoptosis through phosphorylation of caspase-9.
An Efficient Total Synthesis of (±)-Galanthamine (2001)

Intramolecular Heck reaction of 3 generates a spiro quaternary C atom—a key step in an efficient synthesis of galanthamine (1). Galanthamine can be readily obtained from the spiro tricyclic dienone 2, which was prepared by nonclassical dehydrogenation of the corresponding α,β-unsaturated ketone.
On-line photoacoustic measurement of residual dirt on steel plates (2001)

A photoacoustic technique for the measurement of the amount of residual dirt on cold-rolled steel plates is presented. A pulsed laser beam impinges on the moving plate and produces the ablation of the dirt, emitting an acoustic signal. The amplitude of this signal is adopted as the measurement of the residual dirt. This method has distinct advantages over the standard procedure based on partially removing the dirt with an adhesive tape.
Thuricin CD, a posttranslationally modified bacteriocin with a narrow spectrum of activity against <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2010)

The last decade has seen numerous outbreaks of Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD), which presented significant challenges for healthcare facilities worldwide. We have identified and purified thuricin CD, a two-component antimicrobial that shows activity against C. difficile in the nanomolar range. Thuricin CD is produced by Bacillus thuringiensis DPC 6431, a bacterial strain isolated from a human fecal sample, and it consists of two distinct peptides, Trn-alpha and Trn-beta, that act synergistically to kill a wide range of clinical C. difficile isolates, including ribotypes commonly associated with CDAD (e.g., ribotype 027). However, this bacteriocin thuricin CD has little impact on most other genera, including many gastrointestinal commensals. Complete amino acid sequencing using infusion tandem mass spectrometry indicated that each peptide is posttranslationally modified at its respective 21st, 25th, and 28th residues. Solution NMR studies on [(13)C,(15)N] Trn-alpha and [(13)C,(15)N]Trn-beta were used to characterize these modifications. Analysis of multidimensional NOESY data shows that specific cysteines are linked to the alpha-carbons of the modified residues, forming three sulfur to alpha-carbon bridges. Complete sequencing of the thuricin CD gene cluster revealed genes capable of encoding two S'-adenosylmethionine proteins that are characteristically associated with unusual posttranslational modifications. Thuricin CD is a two-component antimicrobial peptide system with sulfur to alpha-carbon linkages, and it may have potential as a targeted therapy in the treatment of CDAD while also reducing collateral impact on the commensal flora.
Polyethylene glycol/microfibrillar collagen composite as a new resorbable hemostatic bone wax (1998)

Although bone wax is effective at achieving hemostasis, it is nonresorbable, causes a foreign body reaction, and inhibits osteogenesis. We report development of a polyethylene glycol/microfibrillar collagen composite (PEG/MFC) that has inherent hemostatic qualities, is biodegradable, and is compatible with bone repair. PEG/MFC composite (n = 42) was placed in 5 mm cranial defects in New Zealand white rabbits. Hemostasis and healing were compared to unfilled defects (n = 32) and defects filled with standard bone wax (n = 10). Both PEG/MFC and bone wax handled well and stopped bleeding. The polyethylene glycol component was resorbed by 8 h, and the microfibrillar collagen was resorbed over 2 months, eliciting only a minor inflammatory response during the first month. Defects filled with the PEG/MFC composite showed similar amounts of bony regeneration as did unfilled control defects. At 4 weeks, healing bone accounted for 43 +/- 13% in those treated with PEG/MFC and 47 +/- 19% defect area in untreated holes. In contrast, less than 1% of the area was bone in defects filled with bone wax (p < 0.05). PEG/MFC composite provided excellent bony hemostasis and did not inhibit bone growth.
Variation of human cancellous bone ultrasonic properties with density and micro-structure (2003)

The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between ultrasonic properties, density and micro-architecture of cancellous bone. The slope of the frequency-dependent attenuation coefficient, the speed of sound and the frequency-averaged backscatter coefficient were measured in 25 cylindrical cancellous bone cores. Bone mineral density was determined using X-ray quantitative computed tomography. Microarchitecture was investigated with synchrotron radiation with an isotropic spatial resolution of 10 /spl mu/m. Several microstructural parameters reflecting the morphology, the connectivity and the anisotropy of the specimens were derived from the reconstructed 3D micro-architecture. The association of the ultrasonic variables with density and micro-architecture was assessed using simple and multivariate linear regression techniques. Variables directly reflecting the amount of bone tissue explained most of the variance of the ultrasonic properties (r/sup 2/ ranging from 70% to 80%) and the additional variance explained by microstructural parameters was small (/spl Delta/r/sup 2/<6% at best). In particular, no significant independent association existed between microstructure and backscatter coefficient (a micro-structure related ultrasonic parameter) after adjustment for density. These results may be attributed to the strong covariance effect between micro-architecture and density.
Hydrogen Produced from Hydrohalic Acid Solutions by a Two-Electron Mixed-Valence Photocatalyst (2001)

Energy conversion cycles are aimed at driving unfavorable, small-molecule activation reactions with a photon harnessed by a transition metal complex. A challenge that has occupied researchers for several decades is to create molecular photocatalysts to promote the production of hydrogen from homogeneous solution. We now report the use of a two-electron mixed-valence dirhodium compound to photocatalyze the reduction of hydrohalic acid to hydrogen. In this cycle, photons break two RhII-X bonds of a LRh0-RhIIX2 core in the presence of a halogen trap to regenerate the active LRh0-Rh0 catalyst, which reacts with hydrohalic acid to produce hydrogen.