gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HYDRIDE4MOBILITY: An EU HORIZON 2020 project on hydrogen powered fuel cell utility vehicles using metal hydrides in hydrogen storage and refuelling systems (2021)

The goal of the EU Horizon 2020 RISE project 778307 “Hydrogen fuelled utility vehicles and their support systems utilising metal hydrides” (HYDRIDE4MOBILITY), is in addressing critical issues towards a commercial implementation of hydrogen powered forklifts using metal hydride (MH) based hydrogen storage and PEM fuel cells, together with the systems for their refuelling at industrial customers facilities. For these applications, high specific weight of the metallic hydrides has an added value, as it allows counterbalancing of a vehicle with no extra cost. Improving the rates of H2 charge/discharge in MH on the materials and system level, simplification of the design and reducing the system cost, together with improvement of the efficiency of system “MH store-FC”, is in the focus of this work as a joint effort of consortium uniting academic teams and industrial partners from two EU and associated countries Member States (Norway, Germany, Croatia), and two partner countries (South Africa and Indonesia). The work within the project is focused on the validation of various efficient and cost-competitive solutions including (i) advanced MH materials for hydrogen storage and compression, (ii) advanced MH containers characterised by improved charge-discharge dynamic performance and ability to be mass produced, (iii) integrated hydrogen storage and compression/refuelling systems which are developed and tested together with PEM fuel cells during the collaborative efforts of the consortium. This article gives an overview of HYDRIDE4MOBILITY project focused on the results generated during its first phase (2017–2019).
14‐3‐3 protein mediates plant seed oil biosynthesis through interaction with AtWRI1 (2016)

Plant 14-3-3 proteins are phosphopeptide-binding proteins, belonging to a large family of proteins involved in numerous physiological processes including primary metabolism, although knowledge about the function of 14-3-3s in plant lipid metabolism is sparse. WRINKLED1 (WRI1) is a key transcription factor that governs plant oil biosynthesis. At present, AtWRI1-interacting partners remain largely unknown. Here, we show that 14-3-3 proteins are able to interact with AtWRI1, both in yeast and plant cells. Transient co-expression of 14-3-3- and AtWRI1-encoding cDNAs led to increased oil biosynthesis in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Stable transgenic plants overproducing a 14-3-3 protein also displayed increased seed oil content. Co-production of a 14-3-3 protein with AtWRI1 enhanced the transcriptional activity of AtWRI1. The 14-3-3 protein was found to increase the stability of AtWRI1. A possible 14-3-3 binding motif was identified in one of the two AP2 domains of AtWRI1, which was also found to be critical for the interaction of AtWRI1 with an E3 ligase linker protein. Thus, we hypothesize a regulatory mechanism by which the binding of 14-3-3 to AtWRI1 interferes with the interaction of AtWRI1 and the E3 ligase, thereby protecting AtWRI1 from degradation. Taken together, our studies identified AtWRI1 as a client of 14-3-3 proteins and provide insights into a role of 14-3-3 in mediating plant oil biosynthesis.
Development and evaluation of discriminative training algorithm using HMMs with mixtures of linear trended functions (2002)

We extend the maximum likelihood (ML) training algorithm to the minimum classification error (MCE) training algorithm for discriminatively estimating the state-dependent and mixture-dependent polynomial coefficients in the linear trended HMM. The main motivation of this extension is a greater degree of freedom in the modeled trajectory space associated with the trended HMM than that with the conventional, stationary-state HMM which describes only the (piecewise) constant "degraded trajectories" in the observation data. Hence, the discriminative training implemented for the trended HMM should have a strong power to disambiguate the observational trajectories generated from nonstationary sources corresponding to different speech classes. The properties of the MCE formulation for training the trended HMM is analyzed by examining the goodness-of-fit of the raw speech data to the polynomial trajectories in the model. Phonetic classification results are reported which demonstrate consistent performance improvements with use of the MCE-trained trended HMM both over the regular ML-trained trended HMM and over the MCE-trained stationary-state HMM.
Supercritical fluids-assisted micronization techniques. Low-impact routes for particle production (2001)

Abstract Micronized powders are of interest in many industrial fields; pharmaceuticals, catalysts, pigments, and biopolymers, for example, are some categories of products that can be used as micro-sized particles. Traditional techniques used to produce micronic powders are based on high-temperature reactions that require high energies, on jet milling that is characterized by low efficiencies and mechanical stress, and on liquid solvents precipitation that has a poor control on particle size and can pollute the product. Generally, the control of the powder size and the span of its distribution are still very approximate. In the last few years, several supercritical fluids-based techniques have been proposed for the production of micronic and nanometric particles. These processes try to take advantage of some specific properties of gases at supercritical conditions such as enhanced solubilization power and its modulation, large diffusivities, solventless or organic solvent reduced operation, and the connected possibility of controlling powder size and distribution. Techniques like the rapid expansion of supercritical solutions (RESS), supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS), particle generation from gas-saturated solutions (PGSS), and new atomization processes have been critically reviewed in this work.
Thermal imaging atmospheric effects and image restoration (1994)

In this paper, a general and inclusive framework for understanding and characterizing the atmospheric effects in the thermal infrared in imaging systems is presented. This includes separation of the atmospheric distortions to their main two ingredients: optical turbulence, and scattering and absorption by atmospheric particulates. A basic and correct understanding of those effects enables the development of prediction models for the atmospheric turbulence and aerosol MTFs. Here, both models are implemented for real-time thermal image restoration, with the prior knowledge of standard meteorological parameters, and specifications of the imaging system. Examples of such restorations are presented and the uniqueness of the restoration method is discussed with the inclusion of atmospheric degradation of the received image with and without subsequent image restoration. The most important conclusion is that knowledge of the expected atmospheric MTF is crucial for the system designer.
Zonula Occludens Toxin Is a Powerful Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasally Delivered Antigens (1999)

Zonula occludens toxin (Zot) is produced by toxigenic strains of Vibrio cholerae and has the ability to reversibly alter intestinal epithelial tight junctions, allowing the passage of macromolecules through the mucosal barrier. In the present study, we investigated whether Zot could be exploited to deliver soluble antigens through the nasal mucosa for the induction of antigen-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses. Intranasal immunization of mice with ovalbumin (Ova) and recombinant Zot, either fused to the maltose-binding protein (MBP-Zot) or with a hexahistidine tag (His-Zot), induced anti-Ova serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) titers that were approximately 40-fold higher than those induced by immunization with antigen alone. Interestingly, Zot also stimulated high anti-Ova IgA titers in serum, as well as in vaginal and intestinal secretions. A comparison with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) revealed that the adjuvant activity of Zot was only sevenfold lower than that of LT. Moreover, Zot and LT induced similar patterns of Ova-specific IgG subclasses. The subtypes IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b were all stimulated, with a predominance of IgG1 and IgG2b. In conclusion, our results highlight Zot as a novel potent mucosal adjuvant of microbial origin.
Fabrication of arrays of large step-free regions on Si(001) (1996)

In this letter we describe a method for producing large areas of Si(001) surfaces which are (i) free of atomic steps and (ii) arranged in regular patterns on the wafer. The first step is the fabrication of a two-dimensional grating structure using e-beam lithography and reactive ion etching. This grating is then annealed within the appropriate temperature window in ultrahigh vacuum to produce the desired array of (001) step-free regions. We illustrate the success of the method through the use of low-energy electron microscopy for a few repeat spacings on test structures each extending over a 3×3 mm2 area. Alternative processing steps are discussed as well as application to submicron device technology.
Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Spatio-Temporal Action Localization (2020)

Spatio-temporal action localization is an important problem in computer vision that involves detecting where and when activities occur, and therefore requires modeling of both spatial and temporal features. This problem is typically formulated in the context of supervised learning, where the learned classifiers operate on the premise that both training and test data are sampled from the same underlying distribution. However, this assumption does not hold when there is a significant domain shift, leading to poor generalization performance on the test data. To address this, we focus on the hard and novel task of generalizing training models to test samples without access to any labels from the latter for spatio-temporal action localization by proposing an end-to-end unsupervised domain adaptation algorithm. We extend the state-of-the-art object detection framework to localize and classify actions. In order to minimize the domain shift, three domain adaptation modules at image level (temporal and spatial) and instance level (temporal) are designed and integrated. We design a new experimental setup and evaluate the proposed method and different adaptation modules on the UCF-Sports, UCF-101 and JHMDB benchmark datasets. We show that significant performance gain can be achieved when spatial and temporal features are adapted separately, or jointly for the most effective results.
A decade of research into classical swine fever marker vaccine CP7_E2alf (Suvaxyn® CSF Marker): a review of vaccine properties (2017)

Due to its impact on animal health and pig industry, classical swine fever (CSF) is still one of the most important viral diseases of pigs. To control the disease, safe and highly efficacious live attenuated vaccines exist for decades. However, until recently, the available live vaccines did not allow a serological marker concept that is essentially important to circumvent long-term trade restrictions. In 2014, a new live attenuated marker vaccine, Suvaxyn<sup>®</sup> CSF Marker (Zoetis), was licensed by the European Medicines Agency. This vaccine is based on pestivirus chimera "CP7_E2alf" that carries the main immunogen of CSF virus "Alfort/187", glycoprotein E2, in a bovine viral diarrhea virus type 1 backbone ("CP7"). This review summarizes the available data on design, safety, efficacy, marker diagnostics, and its possible integration into control strategies.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 is the Major Collagenolytic Enzyme Responsible for Collagen Damage in UV-irradiated Human Skin¶ (2003)

Punch biopsies of human skin were obtained 1 day after irradiation with two minimal-erythema doses (MED) from either a UVB light source or a Solar Simulator and incubated in organ culture for 72 h. Organ culture fluids obtained at 24, 48 and 72 h were analyzed for collagenolytic activity and for reactivity with antibodies to matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1; interstitial collagenase) and MMP-13 (collagenase-3). High levels of collagenolytic activity were seen in organ culture fluid from skin exposed to either light source. MMP-1 was strongly induced in parallel, increasing from less than 100 ng/ml in organ culture fluid from control skin to approximately 1.1 microg/ml in culture fluid from UV-treated skin. Whereas most of the detectable MMP-1 in control culture fluid was represented by the latent form of the enzyme, approximately 50% of the enzyme was present as the active form in organ culture fluid of UV-exposed skin. In contrast, there was no detectable MMP-13 in control organ culture fluid and very little change after UV exposure (less than 100 ng/ml in both cases). Finally, neutralization studies with a blocking antibody to MMP-1 removed 95 +/- 4% of the collagenolytic activity in the organ culture fluid from UV-treated skin. These findings strongly implicate MMP-1 rather than MMP-13 as the major collagenolytic enzyme responsible for collagen damage in photoaging.
Process for degrading hypochlorite (1989)

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved means and method for the degradation of hypochlorite in alkali waste solutions. It is a further object of the present invention to provide a more effective and less costly method for the degradation of hypochlorite. The foregoing objects and others are accomplished in accordance with the present invention, generally speaking, by providing a process to degrade hypochlorite into chloride and oxygen which includes contacting an aqueous hypochlorite basic solution with a catalyst comprising about 1--10 w/w % cobalt oxide and about 1--15 w/w % molybdenum oxide on a suitable substrate. In another embodiment a similar process for degrading lithium hypochlorite is provided in which waste solution concentration is lowered in order to minimize carbonate precipitation. 6 tabs.
Synthesis of Stable and Low-CO<sub>2</sub>Selective Phase-Pure ε-Iron Carbide Catalysts in Synthesis Gas Conversion (2020)

The Fe-catalyzed Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis reaction is the core of the coal-to-liquids (CTL) process, which is an efficient route to convert coal into liquid fuels via synthesis gas (a mixture of CO and H2). Conventional Fe-based FT catalysts convert typically 30% of the feed CO to undesirable CO2 during the FT step. A decrease of CO2 production in FT units can reduce the profitability of the overall CTL process. In this context, we synthesized phase-pure ε-Fe-carbide FT catalysts by careful control of the pretreatment and carburization conditions starting from Raney Fe. The resulting phase-pure Fe-carbide exhibits a low CO2 selectivity during the Fischer-Tropsch reaction. The developed preparation method can be applied to supported Fe catalysts and does not require expensive starting chemicals. The purity and durability of as-synthesized phase-pure ε-Fe-carbide catalyst under FT conditions were characterized in detail by in situ characterization techniques. A bulk phase-pure ε-Fe-carbide catalyst operated at 23 bar, 235 °C and a H2/CO ratio of 1.5 shows stable performance with no deactivation during a 150 h pilot test. The catalyst is free of primary CO2 formation and presents reduced secondary CO2 formation compared to conventional Fe-based FT catalysts. These findings contribute to the development of new Fe-based FT catalysts for CTL processes.
Development of a High-Efficiency Gas-Liquid Separator for Room Air Conditioner (2016)

A gas-liquid separation cycle is one of the technologies that can improve the cooling capacity. In this study, the availability of a conventional gas-liquid separator for the room air conditioner of 7.1 kW class was evaluated and an improved gas-liquid separator that has an inflow pipe with a bottom hole and some side holes was proposed. The proposed gas-liquid separator was further improved for easy manufacturing and the gas separation efficiency and the cooling capacity when the gas-liquid separation cycle was applied to the room air conditioner of 7.1 kW class were investigated. As a result, approximately complete gas-liquid separation was realized and the cooling capacity was improved by about 3%.
Removing Pathogens Using Nano-Ceramic-Fiber Filters (2005)

A nano-aluminum-oxide fiber of only 2 nanometers in diameter was used to develop a ceramic-fiber filter. The fibers are electropositive and, when formulated into a filter material (NanoCeram(TradeMark)), would attract electro-negative particles such as bacteria and viruses. The ability to detect and then remove viruses as well as bacteria is of concern in space cabins since they may be carried onboard by space crews. Moreover, an improved filter was desired that would polish the effluent from condensed moisture and wastewater, producing potable drinking water. A laboratory- size filter was developed that was capable of removing greater than 99.9999 percent of bacteria and virus. Such a removal was achieved at flow rates hundreds of times greater than those through ultraporous membranes that remove particles by sieving. Because the pore size of the new filter was rather large as compared to ultraporous membranes, it was found to be more resistant to clogging. Additionally, a full-size cartridge is being developed that is capable of serving a full space crew. During this ongoing effort, research demonstrated that the filter media was a very efficient adsorbent for DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid), RNA (ribonucleic acid), and endotoxins. Since the adsorption is based on the charge of the macromolecules, there is also a potential for separating proteins and other particulates on the basis of their charge differences. The separation of specific proteins is a major new thrust of biotechnology. The principal application of NanoCeram filters is based on their ability to remove viruses from water. The removal of more than 99.9999 percent of viruses was achieved by a NanoCeram polishing filter added to the effluent of an existing filtration device. NanoCeram is commercially available in laboratory-size filter discs and in the form of a syringe filter. The unique characteristic of the filter can be demonstrated by its ability to remove particulate dyes such as Metanyl yellow. Its particle size is only 2 nanometers, about the size of a DNA molecule, yet the NanoCeram syringe filter is capable of retaining the dyes as the fluid is passed through the syringe, without much back-pressure. Endotoxins, which are contaminants that are part of the residue of destroyed bacteria, can cause toxic shock and are therefore of major concern in pharmaceutical products. The NanoCeram syringe filter is capable of removing greater than 99.96 percent of the endotoxins.
Query by Excel (2005)

Spreadsheets, and MS Excel in particular, are established analysis tools. They offer an attractive user interface, provide an easy to use computational model, and offer substantial interactivity for what-if analysis. However, as opposed to RDBMS, spreadsheets do not provide a central repository hence they do not provide shareability of models built in Excel and lead to proliferation of multiple copies of the same spreadsheet. Furthermore, spreadsheets do not offer scalable computation, for example, they lack parallelization. To address the shareability, and scalability problems, we propose to automatically translate Excel computation into SQL. An analyst can import the data from a relational system, define computation over it using familiar Excel formulas and then translate and store it as a relational SQL view over the imported data. The Excel computation is then performed by the relational system. To edit the model, the analyst can bring the model back to Excel, modify it in Excel and store it back as an SQL View. We refer to this system as Query by Excel, QBX in short.
Development of Nanodroplets for Histotripsy-Mediated Cell Ablation (2014)

This report describes the synthesis of amphiphilic copolymers (ABC-1 and ABC-2) composed of a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) block, a central poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) block, and a random copolymer of heptadecafluorodecyl methacrylate (HDFMA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) forming the hydrophobic block, which are used to form nanodroplets for ultrasound-mediated cell ablation. Specifically, the effect of molecular weight of PEG and P(HDFMA-co-MMA) blocks on polymer's ability to self-assemble around a variable amount (0%, 1%, and 2% v/v) of perfluoropentane (PFP) forming nanodroplets is investigated. The ability of different nanodroplets formulations embedded with a monolayer of red blood cells (RBCs) in tissue-mimicking agarose phantoms to initiate and sustain a bubble cloud in response to ultrasound treatments with different acoustic pressures and the associated ablation of RBCs were also investigated. Results show that ABC-1 polymer composed of a 2 kDa PEG block and a 6.7 kDa P(HDFMA-co-MMA) block better encapsulate the PFP core compared to ABC-2 polymer composed of a 5 kDa PEG block and 11.4 kDa P(HDFMA-co-MMA) block. Further, the ablative capacity indicated by the damage area in the RBCs monolayer increased with the increase in PFP content and reached its maximum with the nanodroplets formulated using ABC-1 polymer and encapsulating 2% v/v PFP. The nanodroplets formulated using ABC-1 polymer and loaded with 2% PFP produced the cavitation cloud and exhibited their ablative effect at an acoustic pressure that is 2.5-fold lower than the acoustic pressure needed to generate the same effect using a histotripsy (ultrasound) pulse alone, which indicates the ability of these nanodroplets to achieve targeted and self-limiting fractionation of disease cells while sparing neighboring healthy ones. Results also show that effective nanodroplets maintained their size and concentration upon incubation with bovine serum albumin at 37 °C for 24 h, which indicates their stability in physiologic conditions and their promise for in vivo cancer cell ablation.
Systematic investigation and optimization of fine cotton yarns produced in a modified ring spinning system using statistical methods (2012)

A modified ring spinning technique has been recently developed by incorporating false twisting devices into a conventional ring frame for producing a low torque and soft handle singles yarn. Our previous studies showed that this technology can be applied for producing coarse modified yarns (7–32 Ne) with improved yarn and fabric performance. The present paper extends the work for the production and optimization of modified yarns at a fine yarn count (80 Ne). Compared with the conventional ring spinning system, the modified system presents a different and complicated spinning condition in terms of yarn tension and twist distributions, as well as the interaction between the false twisting device and conventional ring frame. Therefore, this paper aims to systematically investigate the quantitative relationship between spinning system parameters and physical properties of the fine modified yarns using the combined statistical methods of fractional factorial and response surface methodology. In this paper, potential spinning system parameters are proposed and the significances of their effect on yarn properties are quantitatively evaluated. Then the statistical relationships between the significant system parameters and the properties of fine modified yarn are fully examined and optimized. With these optimum parameters, the fine modified yarn and woven fabric were produced and their properties were assessed and compared with the conventional ones.