gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Multipath from Satellite Navigation Measurements in Urban Environments (2008)

This paper focuses on the characterization of multipath in satellite navigation measurements for urban environments using a modern receiver. In order to increase the accuracy of the Global Positioning System (GPS) in urban environments for the purpose of automotive navigation, the impact of multipath should be mitigated. However, to better understand the operational environment and the algorithms best suited for this, such locations must first be characterized, which is the purpose of this research. This goal was accomplished by collecting GPS data in urban environments such as downtown San Francisco using two different receivers. Range and position data were recorded for each receiver in order to characterize multipath in both the range and position domain. Raw Intermediate Frequency (IF) data were also collected and post processed using a reconfigurable software-based GPS receiver architecture, allowing a more thorough analysis of the multipath induced distortion modes of the correlation function used in tracking the signal. Using methods identified in various literature, the levels of multipath error are assessed for individual pseudor-anges in urban environments and compared to the level of multipath in suburban and rural environments. The impact of multipath induced range error is projected into the position domain with respect to the geometric dilution of precision (GDOP) and satellite availability. The impact of short term biases due to multipath on the position solution is also evaluated.
An efficient multistage Rover method for Automatic Speech recognition (2009)

In this paper, we implemented a multistage recognizer output voting error reduction (ROVER) method for better automatic speech recognition (ASR). The first stage ROVER is conducted by combining three recognizers, which are respectively trained with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), minimum phone error (MPE) and recently proposed boosted maximum mutual information (BMMI) criteria. After that the second stage ROVER is performed on two groups of recognizers, which are separately adapted with maximum a posteriori (MAP) and maximum likelihood linear regression (MLLR) methods based on results from the first stage ROVER. It is found MAP adapted recognizers based ROVER does not lead to word error rate (WER) reduction while MLLR adapted recognizers based ROVER is still effective on recognition accuracy improvement. Finally, the third stage ROVER is constructed by combining adapted and unadapted recognizers, and the best WER is obtained by combining MLLR adapted recognizers with BMMI trained recognizers that are not adapted, which achieved 6.0% and 3.0% relative WER reduction, as opposed to the best result from the one-best decoding method and the single stage ROVER method accordingly.
Improving PET imaging for breast cancer using virtual pinhole PET half-ring insert (2013)

A PET insert with detector having smaller crystals and placed near a region of interest in a conventional PET scanner can improve image resolution locally due to the virtual-pinhole PET (VP-PET) effect. This improvement is from the higher spatial sampling of the imaging area near the detector. We have built a prototype half-ring PET insert for head-and-neck cancer imaging applications. In this paper, we extend the use of the insert to breast imaging and show that such a system provides high resolution images of breast and axillary lymph nodes while maintaining the full imaging field of view capability of a clinical PET scanner. We characterize the resolution and contrast recovery for tumors across the imaging field of view. First, we model the system using Monte Carlo methods to determine its theoretical limit of improvement. Simulations were conducted with hot spherical tumors embedded in background activity at tumor-to-background contrast ranging from 3:1 to 12:1. Tumors are arranged in a Derenzo-like pattern with their diameters ranging from 2 to 12 mm. Experimental studies were performed using a chest phantom with cylindrical breast attachment. Tumors of different sizes arranged in a Derenzo-like pattern with tumor-to-background ratio of 6:1 are inserted into the breast phantom. Imaging capability of mediastinum and axillary lymph nodes is explored. Both Monte Carlo simulations and experiment show clear improvement in image resolution and contrast recovery with VP-PET half-ring insert. The degree of improvement in resolution and contrast recovery depends on location of the tumor. The full field of view imaging capability is shown to be maintained. Minor artifacts are introduced in certain regions.
First Demonstration of 28 GHz and 39 GHz Transmission Lines and Antennas on Glass Substrates for 5G Modules (2017)

High-performance and ultra-miniaturized mm-wave building block structures were demonstrated on panel-scale processed 3D glass packages for high-speed 5G communication standards at 28 and 39 GHz bands. To demonstrate the benefits of glass for 5G communications, various topologies of microstrip-fed patch antennas for different resonant frequencies and compact conductor-backed co-planar waveguides were modeled and designed for high bandwidth and efficiency in the mm-wave bands. The simulation results for insertion loss, antenna gain, and bandwidth are consistent with the measured values on the glass substrates. The fabricated conductor-backed coplanar waveguides show insertion losses of 0.2 -0.3 dB/mm with a channel length of 1.86 mm, and the fabricated antennas have more than around 6% bandwidth in the frequency range of 35 to 39 GHz.
<b> <i>Retracted:</i> </b> MiR-17 Regulates Prostate Cancer Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis Through Inhibiting JAK-STAT3 Signaling Pathway (2018)

Upregulation of miR-17 inhibited LNCaP cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by downregulating the expression of STAT3, p-STAT3, and Bcl-2.
Isolation and Identification of an Enterobacter cloacae Strain Producing a Novel Subtype of Shiga Toxin Type 1 (2014)

We describe here the isolation and identification of a Shiga toxin 1 (Stx1)-producing Enterobacter cloacae strain, M12X01451, from a human clinical specimen. The bacterial isolate was identified as E. cloacae using a polyphasic approach that included phenotypic, genetic, and proteomic analyses. The M12X01451 stx1 was sequenced, and the holotoxin was found to share only 87% amino acid sequence identity with the nearest Stx1 subtype reference sequence. Sequence analysis of the regions immediately flanking stx1 displayed similarities with bacteriophage-related sequences, suggesting a prophage origin. The stx1 gene was a stable element within the M12X01451 genome, as demonstrated by real-time PCR detection following successive subculturing of the bacterial isolate. Culture supernatant from M12X01451 was cytotoxic to Vero cells but was not neutralized by an anti-Stx1 monoclonal antibody. In addition, Stx1 from M12X01451 demonstrated limited antigenicity with two commercially available lateral flow immunoassays. The M12X01451 Stx represents a new Stx1 subtype based on the degree of sequence dissimilarity with Stx1 subtype reference sequences and its limited reactivity with anti-Stx1 antibodies.
Phase I and pharmacokinetic study of the oral tris-(8-quinolinolato)gallium(III) complex (FFC11, KP46) in patients with solid tumors - a study of the CESAR Central European Society for Anticancer Drug Research - EWIV (2005)

3205 Background: FFC11 is an orally bioavailable gallium complex, which exerts its antitumoral activity via inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, induction of S phase arrest and apoptosis. In preclinical models FFC11 proved to be a stronger anticancer agent than gallium nitrate and it was effective against a model of tumor-associated hypercalcemia. Methods: FFC 11 is administered orally for 14 days followed by a 14-days recovery period representing one cycle of therapy. The phase I trial is started at 30 mg/m2. Dose escalation (DE) is performed acc. to an accelerated dose titration design with escalation steps of 100%. The accelerated phase is finished when 1 pt exhibits dose limiting toxicity (DLT) or 2 pts experience toxicities ≥ grade (G) 2 NCI-CTC. Further DE will be done acc. to a modified Fibonacci scheme. Tumor response is assessed using the RECIST criteria. PK parameters were estimated assuming a one compartment model. Results: 7 pts were entered at the following dose levels (DL): 30 mg/m2, 60 mg/m2, 120 mg/m2, 240 mg/m2 and 480 mg/m2. Patient’s profile comprised the following tumor entities: parotid gland, stomach, renal cell (4) and ovarian cancer. Most pts were heavily pretreated. The adverse events for which a relationship to the study medication could not definitely be ruled out were neutropenia (G2 at DL1) (1pt) and anemia (G2 at DL1) (2pts), stomatitis and conjunctivitis (G1 at DL2) (1pt), dizziness, headache and acne (G1 at DL4) (1pt), fatigue (G1) and diarrhoea (G3) both at DL5 (1pt); the latter represented a DLT. Further enrolment on this DL was terminated due to feasibility reasons. In one out of the 4 pts with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) an unconfirmed partial response (PR) has been observed after 8 weeks and in a second pt with RCC the disease was stabilized for 29 weeks. Peak plasma levels were reached 5–7 h after intake. PK analysis revealed a long terminal half-life (28 h), a high CL/F (42 L/h) and a large V/F (1700 L). Conclusions: FFC11 has been well tolerated with some preliminary evidence of efficacy in RCC. FFC11 will be developed further after the production of higher dosed tablets. Supported by Faustus Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Faustus Cie
The role of transactive response DNA-binding protein-43 in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (2008)

The recent discovery of pathological TDP-43 in both amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitinated inclusions confirms that these are closely related conditions within a new biochemical class of neurodegenerative disease, the TDP-43 proteinopathies.
A Survey of Software-Defined Networking: Past, Present, and Future of Programmable Networks (2014)

The idea of programmable networks has recently re-gained considerable momentum due to the emergence of the Software-Defined Networking (SDN) paradigm. SDN, often referred to as a "radical new idea in networking", promises to dramatically simplify network management and enable innovation through network programmability. This paper surveys the state-of-the-art in programmable networks with an emphasis on SDN. We provide a historic perspective of programmable networks from early ideas to recent developments. Then we present the SDN architecture and the OpenFlow standard in particular, discuss current alternatives for implementation and testing of SDN-based protocols and services, examine current and future SDN applications, and explore promising research directions based on the SDN paradigm.
Accuracy of the double variation technique of refractive index measurement (1992)

Errors in the double variation teclinique of refractive index measurement are analyzed using a new approach. The ability to measure matching wavelength is characterized, along with the effect on the calculated refractive index. Refractive index accuracy and precision are very dependent on the specifics of each calibration set, particularly the difference in dispersion between the liquid and solid. Our best precision (±1 or 2×10<sup>-4</sup>) is attained only when the difference in dispersion between liquid and solid is small, and is dependent on an individual operator's ability to perceive changes in relief. This precision is impossible to achieve for the other glass/liquid combinations, where we are limited by a precision of approximately 1 nm in the selection of matching wavelength. A bias in the measurement of matching wavelength exists that affects the accuracy of the calculated refractive indices. The magnitude of the bias appears to be controlled by the bandpass of the graded interference filter. The errors in refractive index using a graded interference filter with a bandpass of 30 nm FWHM (full width at half maximum intensity) are an order of magnitude larger than the errors using a filter with a bandpass of 15 nm FWHM.
Gulf's cellulose-to-ethanol process (1980)

A process description and flowsheets are presented for the manufacture of ethanol. The process comprises the following steps: (1) feedstock handling and pretreatment, (2) enzyme production, (3) yeast production, (4) simultaneous saccharification/fermentation, and (5) ethanol recovery. Operating costs and selling price estimates are also given.
Intratumoral Doxorubicin in Patients With Malignant Brain Gliomas (2002)

The objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and therapeutic efficacy of intralesional administration of doxorubicin in brain gliomas. Ten patients with recurrent grade III or IV glioma were enrolled in the study, after the second operation. All patients had not responded to radiation therapy. Chemotherapy was administered directly in the tumor through an Ommaya pump placed in the site of disease at the time of craniotomy. Doxorubicin 0.5 mg was administered in the Ommaya reservoir every 24 hours on days 1 to 10. Patients were evaluated at 6- to 8-week intervals until tumor progression and death. All patients were evaluated for response. Six of 10 patients had clinical improvement lasting from 12 to 73 weeks. Objective radiologic response was observed in 5 of 10 (50%) patients. One patient achieved complete response with time to disease progression of 119 weeks, and 4 patients had a partial response (duration 14-39 weeks) with 25% or more reduction of tumor volume on computed tomography scan compared with pretreatment measurements. Time to disease progression in patients who responded after the intratumoral chemotherapy was 39.83 +/- 40.5 weeks. One additional patient had stable disease for a duration of 12 weeks. The median survival of the patients with response was 55.17 +/- 54.22 weeks (range: 21-164 weeks), whereas survival of those who did not respond was 17.0 +/- 12.36 weeks (range: 8-35) (Mann Whitney U test: z = -2.13, p = 0.033). The median survival of all 10 patients was 39.9 +/- 45.52 weeks (range: 8-73 weeks). Bifrontal headache was reported in 4 of 10 patients immediately after the administration of doxorubicin. There were no other clinically significant adverse reactions either in the brain or systematically. Intralesional administration of doxorubicin appears to be a safe and effective treatment and should be further explored in the management of brain gliomas resistant to conventional forms of treatment.
Discussion of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure: Application to Cu in the high-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>c</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>superconductors<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1.8</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0.2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1988)

A model for interpretation of x-ray-absorption near-edge structure (XANES) in transition-metal compounds is presented based on \ensuremath{\lambda}=R backscattering from nearby atoms. The model allows identification of XANES features with specific lattice distances. Reference to spectra from model compounds of simple structure allows construction of a calibration curve of \ensuremath{\Delta}E vs R from 1.5 to 3.5 A\r{} with an accuracy of \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 A\r{}. Specific multiscattering paths were also identified in M${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ molecules. The Cu K spectra of ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ were examined using the model. A unique feature in the spectra was identified with a (Cu---O) bond distance of \ensuremath{\sim}2.6 A\r{} and confirmed with analysis of the extended x-ray-absorption fine structure. This distance is evidence of antisite disorder in these compounds with 0.2--0.3 mole fraction of Cu substituting into the Y or La site. We also find evidence of simultaneous ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ and ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{3+}$ valences. The structural implications of these findings are discussed.
The composition and end-group functionality of sterically stabilized nanoparticles enhances the effectiveness of co-administered cytotoxins (2013)

Diffusion of active cytotoxic agents throughout an entire solid tumour is a particular challenge to successful drug delivery. Here we show the simple and robust generation of non-toxic, 10-15 nm superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) that have been sterically stabilized by either 100% anionic or 100% cationic or 100% neutral end-functionalized steric stabilizers or by novel combinations of cationic and neutral end-functionalized polymer. When these nanoparticles were co-administered with various anti-cancer drugs, a significant increase in the diffusion and effectiveness of the cytotoxin in a 3-dimensional model of a solid tumour was shown for specific combinations of surface functionality and cytotoxin. The critical determinant of enhanced cytotoxin diffusion and effectiveness was the end functionality of the steric stabilizers and not the core composition (either iron oxide, silica or gold). We provide evidence that SPIONs stabilized with heterogeneous steric stabilizers enhance nuclear uptake of doxorubicin across multiple cell layers.
Towards Predicting the Runtime of Iterative Analytics with PREDIcT (2013)

Machine learning algorithms are widely used today for analytical tasks such as data cleaning, data categorization, or data filtering. At the same time, the rise of social media motivates recent uptake in large scale graph processing. Both categories of algorithms are dominated by iterative subtasks, i.e., processing steps which are executed repetitively until a convergence condition is met. Optimizing cluster resource allocations among multiple workloads of iterative algorithms motivates the need for estimating their resource requirements and runtime, which in turn requires: i) predicting the number of iterations, and ii) predicting the processing time of each iteration. As both parameters depend on the characteristics of the dataset and on the convergence function, estimating their values before execution is difficult. This paper proposes PREDIcT, an experimental methodology for predicting the runtime of iterative algorithms. PREDIcT uses sample runs for capturing the algorithm's convergence trend and per-iteration key input features that are well correlated with the actual processing requirements of the complete input dataset. Using this combination of characteristics we predict the runtime of iterative algorithms, including algorithms with very different runtime patterns among subsequent iterations. Our experimental evaluation of multiple algorithms on scale-free graphs shows a relative prediction error of 10%-30% for predicting runtime, including algorithms with up to 100x runtime variability among consecutive iterations.
Lack of Germline Transmission of Vector Sequences Following Systemic Administration of Recombinant AAV-2 Vector in Males (2001)

A potential consequence of systemic administration of viral vectors is the inadvertent introduction of foreign DNA into recipient germ cells. To evaluate the safety of in vivo recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) mediated gene transfer approaches for hemophilia B, we explored the risk of germline transmission of vector sequences following intramuscular (IM) injection of rAAV in four species of male animals (mouse, rat, rabbit and dog). In vector biodistribution studies in mice and rats, there is a dose-dependent increase in the likelihood that vector sequences can be detected in gonadal DNA using a sensitive PCR technique. However, in dogs DNA extracted from semen is negative for vector sequences. To address this discrepancy, studies were done in rabbits, and both semen and testicular DNAs were analyzed for the presence of vector sequences. These studies showed that no AAV vector sequences were detected in DNA extracted from rabbit semen samples collected at time points ranging from 7 to 90 days following IM injection of 1 x 10(13) vector genomes rAAV (vg) per kg. In contrast, DNA extracted from gonadal tissue was positive for vector sequences, but the positive signals diminished in number and strength with time. By FISH analysis, AAV signals were localized to the testis basement membrane and the interstitial space; no intracellular signal was observed. We observed similar findings following hepatic artery administration of rAAV in rats and dogs, suggesting that our findings are independent of the route of administration of vector. Attempts to transduce isolated murine spermatogonia directly with AAV-lacZ were unsuccessful. In clinical studies human subjects injected IM with an AAV vector at doses up to 2 x 10(12) vg/kg have shown no evidence of vector sequences in semen. Together, these studies suggest that rAAV introduced into skeletal muscle or the hepatic artery does not transduce male germ cells efficiently. We conclude that the risk of inadvertent germline transmission of vector sequences following IM or hepatic artery injection of AAV-2 vectors is extremely low.
Histone deacetylase inhibition facilitates massed pattern-induced synaptic plasticity and memory (2015)

Massed training is less effective for long-term memory formation than the spaced training. The role of acetylation in synaptic plasticity and memory is now well established. However, the role of this important protein modification in synaptic plasticity induced by massed pattern of stimulation or memory induced by massed training is not well understood. Here we show that increasing the level of acetylation enhances long-term potentiation induced by massed pattern of high frequency stimulation. Furthermore, enhancing acetylation level facilitates long-term memory by massed training. Thus, increasing acetylation level facilitates synaptic plasticity and memory by massed patterns.