gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counting Heads in the War against Cancer: Defining the Role of Annexin A5 Imaging in Cancer Treatment and Surveillance (2006)

The unveiling of the heterogeneous nature of cell death modes has compromised the long-lived consensus that cancer treatment typically kills cancer cells through apoptosis. Moreover, it implies that measures of apoptosis may be misleading indicators of treatment efficacy. Simultaneously, it has become clear that phosphatidylserine exposition, traditionally considered a hallmark of apoptosis, is also associated with most other cell death programs, rendering phosphatidylserine an attractive target for overall cell death imaging. Annexin A5 binds with strong affinity to phosphatidylserine and hence offers an interesting opportunity for visualization of aggregate cell death, thus providing a fit benchmark for in vivo monitoring of anticancer treatment. This might be of significant value for pharmacologic therapy development as well as clinical monitoring of treatment success.
Interpreting an RFT-Measured Pulse Test with a Three-Dimensional Simulator (1988)

Summary An interpretation procedure has been developed to analyze repeat formation tester (RFT™) pressure surveys quantitatively during well-to-well interference tests with a three-dimensional (3D) simulator in which only the pressure equation is solved, while retaining saturation effects on fluid viscosity and relative permeability. This approach accurately and efficiently determines location and transmissibility of faults, horizontal permeability of production zones, and vertical permeability of barriers over length scales comparable to reservoir dimensions.
Segmentation-free handwritten Chinese text recognition with LSTM-RNN (2015)

We present initial results on the use of Multi-Dimensional Long-Short Term Memory Recurrent Neural Networks (MDLSTM-RNN) in recognizing lines of handwritten Chinese text without explicit segmentation of the characters. In fact, most of Chinese text recognizers in the literature perform a pre-segmentation of text image into characters. This can be a drawback, as explicit segmentation is an extra step before recognizing the text, and the errors made at this stage have direct impact on the performance of the whole system. MDLSTM-RNN is now a state-of-the-art technology that provides the best performance on languages with Latin and Arabic characters, hence we propose to apply RNN on Chinese text recognition. Our results on the data from the Task 4 in ICDAR 2013 competition for handwritten Chinese recognition are comparable in performance with the best reported systems.
Multilingual Denoising Pre-training for Neural Machine Translation (2020)

This paper demonstrates that multilingual denoising pre-training produces significant performance gains across a wide variety of machine translation (MT) tasks. We present mBART—a sequence-to-sequence denoising auto-encoder pre-trained on large-scale monolingual corpora in many languages using the BART objective (Lewis et al., 2019 ). mBART is the first method for pre-training a complete sequence-to-sequence model by denoising full texts in multiple languages, whereas previous approaches have focused only on the encoder, decoder, or reconstructing parts of the text. Pre-training a complete model allows it to be directly fine-tuned for supervised (both sentence-level and document-level) and unsupervised machine translation, with no task- specific modifications. We demonstrate that adding mBART initialization produces performance gains in all but the highest-resource settings, including up to 12 BLEU points for low resource MT and over 5 BLEU points for many document-level and unsupervised models. We also show that it enables transfer to language pairs with no bi-text or that were not in the pre-training corpus, and present extensive analysis of which factors contribute the most to effective pre-training. 1
Insilico analysis of homocamptothecin (hCPT) analogues for anti-tumour activity (2009)

Cancer being a leading cause of death, the development of anti-cancer drugs like Camptothecin (CPT) has been promoted. CPT has lactone ring instability and lacks lipophilicity resulting in drug efflux. Owing to these limitations, homocamptothecin (hCPT), a CPT analogue was developed, which due to seven membered beta-hydroxylactone ring has better lipophilicity leading to reduced drug efflux. Analogues of hCPT were designed and docked into catalytic site of 1t8i (PDB id) protein (top-I). The docking energies and formation of hydrogen-bonds between the analogue and protein were compared with the original hCPT. Further, ADME properties, LogP and IC50 values were determined computationally.
Low Sulfate Generation Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (2004)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Sulfate generation by diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC) is still a problem although sulfur concentration in the diesel fuel will be reduced in future. Two approaches were attempted to reduce the sulfate generation without inhibiting the HC and CO oxidation performance. One was to use an optimized support material that adsorbs less SO<sub>2</sub> and has sufficient specific surface area for HC/CO oxidation. Another approach was to apply a layer on the catalyst, which prevents SO<sub>2</sub> adsorption. Sulfate generation was successfully reduced while maintaining high HC/CO oxidation performance.</div>
GOVERNANCE AND SERVICE LEVEL AGREEMENT ISSUES IN A CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT (2011)

The cloud computing environment provides for a new type of systems architecture. One key issue for a cloud computing client organization is to provide governance for data that it no longer directly controls. This paper identifies an initial set of guidelines to assist client organizations in defining governance plans for data they may choose to move to a cloud vendor. The client agency needs to ensure that data entrusted to outside resources is held to the same high standards as if the data were controlled internally. If there is a breach of security the vendor company may be legally responsible but the client agency may suffer the effects as well. The client agency needs to understand how its business practices will ensure compliance with industry standards such as HIPAA, PCI, and ITIL. Standard contractual arrangements such as service level agreements, confidentiality agreements, and PCI audits, among others, need to be extended to incorporate issues with hosting data in a cloud. This paper will investigate current research, and evaluate a cloud computing study that identifies proposed SLA attributes.
Identification of TRPC6 as a possible candidate target gene within an amplicon at 11q21-q22.2 for migratory capacity in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (2013)

Altogether, these data show that TRPC6 is likely to be a target for 11q21-22.2 amplification that confers enhanced invasive behavior to HNSCC cells. Therefore, TRPC6 may be a promising therapeutic target in the treatment of HNSCC.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Diazine <i>N</i>‐Oxides with Aryl Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides (2006)

New aspects of N-oxides: Pyrazine, pyridazine, and pyrimidine N-oxides are regioselectively arylated with aryl iodides, bromides, and chlorides in the presence of a palladium catalyst (see scheme). The resulting products can be deoxygenated in high yield or further functionalized by making use of the N-oxide functionality. FG=functional group.
An optical fiber Bragg grating and piezoelectric ceramic voltage sensor (2017)

Voltage measurement is essential in many fields like power grids, telecommunications, metallurgy, railways, and oil production. A voltage-sensing unit, consisting of fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and piezoelectric ceramics, based on which an optical over-voltage sensor was proposed and fabricated in this paper. No demodulation devices like spectrometer or Fabry-Perot filter were needed to gain the voltage signal, and a relatively large sensing frequency range was acquired in this paper; thus, the cost of the sensing system is more acceptable in engineering application. The voltage to be measured was directly applied to the piezoelectric ceramic, and deformation of the ceramics and the grating would be caused because of the inverse piezoelectric effect. With a reference grating, the output light intensity change will be caused by the FBG center wavelength change; thus, the relationship between the applied voltage and the output light intensity was established. Validation of the sensor was accomplished in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 20 kHz and switching impulse waves with a test platform; good linearity of the input-output characteristic was achieved. A temperature validation test was completed, showing that the sensor maintains good temperature stability. Experimental results show that the optical over-voltage sensor can be used for voltage monitoring, and if applied with a voltage divider, the sensor can be used to measure high voltage.
Efficacy of 265-nm ultraviolet light in inactivating infectious SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Although, Low-pressure (LP) mercury lamps that emit wavelengths of around 254 nm have been widely applied as ultraviolet (UV) light devices for decontamination of microorganisms, they have raised environmental concerns due to their mercury content. Therefore, UV-LED lamps have high potential for practical use as a replacement for LP mercury lamps. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of 265-nm UV irradiation in comparison to 254-nm and 280-nm UV irradiation for inactivating infectious severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Irradiation from a 265-nm deep UV light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) lamp efficiently inactivated SARS-CoV-2 at a similar level as a 254-nm UV cold cathode lamp, and at a higher level than a 280-nm DUV-LED lamp.
Purification and partial characterization of canine angiotensinogen. (1988)

A procedure is described to isolate angiotensinogen (renin substrate) from canine plasma. The isolation procedure resulted in an 800-fold purification with a rate of recovery of approximately 12%. The purified protein has a specific activity of 24 micrograms of angiotensin I/mg protein. The amino terminal amino acid sequence of canine angiotensinogen was found to be identical to that of the horse but to differ from that of human and rat angiotensinogens. Canine angiotensinogen was heterogeneous with respect to molecular weight and isoelectric point. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of pure angiotensinogen revealed two closely spaced bands with apparent molecular weights of 58,000 and 56,000. Chromatofocusing showed four isoforms: Peaks of pure angiotensinogen eluted at pH levels of 4.32, 4.23, 4.15, and 4.04. Isoelectric focusing confirmed the presence of four isoforms. Thus, the purification procedure identified two molecular weight forms and four isoforms of canine angiotensinogen. Isolation of the four isoforms will allow their characterization and the study of their physiological significance.
Energy-Efficient Hybrid Analog/Digital Approximate Computation in Continuous Time (2016)

We present a unit that performs continuous-time hybrid approximate computation, in which both analog and digital signals are functions of continuous time. Our 65 nm CMOS prototype system is capable of solving nonlinear differential equations up to 4th order, and is scalable to higher orders. Nonlinear functions are generated by a programmable, clockless, continuoustime 8-bit hybrid architecture (ADC + SRAM + DAC). Digitally assisted calibration is used in all analog/mixed-signal blocks. Compared to the prior art, our chip makes possible arbitrary nonlinearities and achieves 16× lower power dissipation, thanks to technology scaling and extensive use of class-AB analog blocks. Typically, the unit achieves a computational accuracy of about 0.5% to 5% RMS, solution times from a fraction of 1 μs to several hundred μs, and total computational energy from a fraction of 1 nJ to hundreds of nJ, depending on equation details. Very significant advantages are observed in computational speed and energy (over two orders of magnitude and over one order of magnitude, respectively) compared to those obtained with a modern microcontroller for the same RMS error.
Plant crude extracts could be the solution: extracts showing in vivo antitumorigenic activity. (2008)

Screening active compounds from plants lead to discover new medicinal drugs which have efficient protection and treatment roles against various diseases including cancer. In our study, extracts from different plants represent seeds of: Gossypium barbadense, Ricinus communis, Sesamum indicum, Nigella sativa, Vinca rosea and Melia azedarah; fruits of: Xanthium occidental; flowers of: Atriplex nummularia; barks of: Cinnamomum zeylanicum; latex of: Ficus carica and rhizomes of: Curcuma longa and Zingiber officinale were tested in vivo using three subsequent bioassays: the BST (Brine Shrimp Toxicity bioassay), AWD (Agar well diffusion antimicrobial bioassay) and AtPDT (Agrobacterium tumefaciens Potato Disc Tumor bioassay). AWD technique omitted any extracts have antimicrobial activities while BST omitted any extract did not has physiological activity and determined the various LC(50) of each plant extract. For the first time, using a range of concentrations in the AtPDT modified protocol allowed the detection of tumor promotion caused by extract represented by A. nummularia. Using cluster analysis leads to classifying the different plant extracts activities to six groups regarding to their toxicity, antitumor activities and both of them. The extracts from edible plants represent 50% of the first and the second group which have the highest antitumor activities represented in F. caraica (group 1) and C. longa (group 2) as well as the non-edible plant extracts of Gossypium barbadense and Ricinus communis. A comparison study between the edible and herbaceous plants different extracts for their antitumor activities was performed. We recommended using the modified protocols used in this study for investigating more plants and using crude plant extracts which have antitumor activities in cancer treatment. Edible plants, which show in vivo antitumor activities, are recommended as save sources for antitumor compounds.
Exploring the design space of mixed swing quadrail for low-power digital circuits (1997)

This paper describes and explores the design space of a mixed voltage swing methodology for lowering the energy per switching operation of digital circuits in standard submicron complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) fabrication processes. Employing mixed voltage swings expands the degrees of freedom available in the power-delay optimization space of static CMOS circuits. In order to study this design space and evaluate the power-delay tradeoffs, analytical polynomial formulations for power and delay of mixed swing circuits are derived and HSPICE simulation results are presented to demonstrate their accuracy. Efficient voltage scaling and transistor sizing techniques based on our analytical formulations are proposed for optimizing energy/operation subject to target delay constraints; up to 2.2/spl times/ improvement in energy/operation is demonstrated for an ISCAS'85 benchmark circuit using these techniques. Experimental results from HSPICE simulations and measurements from an And-Or-Invert (AO1222) test chip fabricated in the Hewlett-Packard 0.5 /spl mu/m process are presented to demonstrate up to 2,92/spl times/ energy/operation savings for optimized mixed swing circuits compared to static CMOS.
Generation of Functional Insulin-Producing Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells In Vitro (2010)

Human pancreatic islet transplantation at present is the preferred therapeutic option for type I diabetes treatment. However, this therapy is not widely utilized because of the severe shortage of donor islets. The capacity for self-renewal and differentiation of human embryonic stem (hES) cells makes them a potential new source for generation of functional pancreatic islet cells for treating type I diabetes mellitus. Here, we report a simple and effective protocol, carried out in a serum-free system, which could induce human ES cells to differentiate into functional insulin-producing cells. Activin A was first used in the initial stage to induce definitive endoderm lineage differentiation from human ES cells. And all-trans Retinoic Acid (RA) was then utilized to promote pancreatic differentiation. After maturation in the final induction stage with bFGF and Nicotinamide, the differentiated cells expressed islet specific markers. The secretion of insulin and C-peptide by these cells corresponded to the variations in glucose levels. Our method provides a promising in vitro differentiation model for studying the mechanisms of human pancreas development and illustrates the potential of using human ES cells for the treatment of type I diabetes mellitus.
The Ca2+ pump inhibitor, thapsigargin, inhibits root gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana (2006)

Thapsigargin, a specific inhibitor of most animal intracellular SERCA-type Ca2+ pumps present in the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum, was originally isolated from the roots of the Mediterranean plant Thapsia gargancia L. Here, we demonstrate that this root-derived compound is capable of altering root gravitropism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Thapsigargin concentrations as low as 0.1 microM alter root gravitropism whereas under similar conditions cyclopiazonic acid does not. Furthermore, a fluorescently conjugated thapsigargin (BODIPY FL thapsigargin) suggests that target sites for thapsigargin are located in intracellular organelles in the root distal elongation zone and the root cap, regions known to regulate root gravitropism.
Reliability study on system memories of an iterative MIMO-BICM system (2012)

Technology scaling leads to a decreasing reliability of the fabricated CMOS circuits. Designing reliable applications on unreliable circuitry is one of the big challenges of the next technology generations. Exploiting the knowledge of multiple abstraction layers from circuit and micro-architecture up to algorithm and application layer is key to minimizing dependability cost in terms of area, energy and performance. Fortunately, many applications dealing with imprecise information have an inherent error resilience. Therefore, it is mandatory to analyze the algorithmic error resilience of such applications and to find low-complexity protection methods. In this paper, we present the first study of the impact of hardware errors in the system memories of an iterative MIMO-BICM receiver. We classify the memories in different groups due to their robustness and compare resilience actuators on software, hardware and technology level to combat the hardware errors.
The epitopes for some antiphospholipid antibodies are adducts of oxidized phospholipid and β<sub>2</sub>glycoprotein 1 (and other proteins) (1997)

Circulating autoantibodies to phospholipids (aPLs), such as cardiolipin (CL), are found in patients with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). We recently demonstrated that many aPLs bound to CL only after it had been oxidized (OxCL), but not to a reduced CL analogue that could not undergo oxidation. We now show that the neoepitopes recognized by some aPLs consist of adducts formed between breakdown products of oxidized phospholipid and associated proteins, such as beta2 glycoprotein 1 (beta2GP1). Addition of human beta2GP1, polylysine, native low-density lipoprotein, or apolipoprotein AI to OxCL-coated wells increased the anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) binding from APS sera that first had been diluted so that no aCL binding to OxCL could be detected. No increase in aCL binding was observed when these proteins were added to wells coated with reduced CL. The ability of beta2GP1, polylysine, or low-density lipoprotein to be a "cofactor" for aCL binding to OxCL was greatly reduced when the proteins were methylated. Incubation of beta2GP1 with oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleyl-[1-14C]-phosphatidylcholine (PC), but not with dipalmitoyl-[1-14C]-PC, led to formation of covalent adducts with beta2GP1 recognized by APS sera. These data suggest that the reactive groups of OxCL, such as aldehydes generated during the decomposition of oxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids, form covalent adducts with beta2GP1 (and other proteins) and that these are epitopes for aCLs. Knowledge that the epitopes recognized by many aPLs are adducts of oxidized phospholipid and associated proteins, including beta2GP1, may give new insights into the pathogenic events underlying the clinical manifestations of APS.
CMOS-compatible lateral bipolar transistor for BiCMOS technology. II. Experimental results (1992)

For Pt.I see ibid., vol.39, no.4, p.948-51 (1992). Characteristics of a CMOS-compatible lateral bipolar transistor suitable for low-cost and high-speed BiCMOS LSIs are described. The proposed transistor has a structure analogous to that of the NMOS transistor, which employs a source and drain self-aligned structure to form an emitter and collector. The obtained values of h/sub FE/, BV/sub CEO/, R/sub CS/, f/sub Tmax/, and r/sub bb'/, are 20, 7 V, 50 Omega , 6.3 GHz, and 450 Omega , respectively. Moreover, delay times of a two-input NAND BiCMOS gate circuit are 0.28 ns when unloaded, and 0.42 and 0.53 ns when load capacitances are 1 and 2 pF, respectively. These values are comparable to those for BiCMOS circuits using the conventional vertical bipolar transistors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
T cells from patients with Hodgkin's disease have a defective T-cell receptor zeta chain expression that is reversible by T-cell stimulation with CD3 and CD28 (1996)

Abstract To investigate the mechanisms underlying the deficiency of T lymphocytes from patients with Hodgkin's disease, we investigated the expression of the T-cell receptor (TCR) zeta chain in patients with Hodgkin's disease. By flow cytometry using an anti-zeta chain monoclonal antibody, peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with untreated Hodgkin's disease were shown to express decreased levels of the TCR zeta chain. After stimulation by combined CD3 and CD28 cross- linking, T cells from Hodgkin's disease patients upregulated zeta chain protein expression to normal values within 48 hours and achieved a cytolytic potential and levels of interleukin (IL)-2 secretion that were not different from T cells obtained from healthy controls. These results show that downregulation of the TCR zeta chain in Hodgkin's T lymphocytes is a reversible event. Costimulation of CD3 and CD28 is a novel approach for overcoming the T-cell deficiency in Hodgkin's disease and might be exploited clinically. As upregulation of the zeta chain can also be achieved using bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BI- MoAbs) with specificity for tumor antigens and CD3 and CD28, respectively, an immunotherapy with CD3/CD30 and CD28/CD30 Bi-MoAbs may overcome and should therefore, not be jeopardized by the inherent T- cell deficiency in patients with Hodgkin's disease.