gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence for the antagonistic form of CXC‐motif chemokine CXCL10 in serous epithelial ovarian tumours (2013)

Patients with high‐grade, serous epithelial ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) are generally diagnosed with extensive peritoneal metastases, and exhibit 5‐year survival rates <30%. A subset of these tumours, defined as “immunoreactive,” overexpress mRNA encoding the T‐cell‐recruiting chemokine CXCL10 (10‐kDa interferon gamma‐induced protein; C‐X‐C motif chemokine 10). Tumour‐infiltrating CD4 + CD8 + T‐cells are a well‐documented, positive prognostic indicator for HGSOC patients; paradoxically, however, patients diagnosed with HGSOC (overexpressing CXCL10 and therefore theorised to recruit T‐cells) typically exhibit poor survival. Recently, an “antagonistic” CXCL10 variant was identified that inhibited leucocyte recruitment to inflamed liver in vivo (Casrouge et al ., J Clin Invest 2011;121:308–17). We hypothesised that “immunoreactive” HGSOC might also express antagonistic CXCL10, interfering with leucocyte recruitment and contributing to poor patient prognosis. CXCL10 expression was analysed in HGSOC tissues grouped according to pathology, grade and FIGO stage at diagnosis, and its localisation and association with T‐cells established by immunohistochemical staining in tissue microarrays. CXCL10 expression was increased in a subset of serous epithelial tumour samples; however, it did not correlate well with CD45‐positive tumour infiltrate. Immunoprecipitation and de novo sequence analysis of CXCL10 identified the N‐terminally cleaved, “antagonistic” variant of CXCL10 specifically in malignant tumours, and not in benign ovarian disease. The data demonstrate the presence of the antagonistic form of CXCL10 in HGSOC for the first time, and provide a partial explanation for reduced leucocyte infiltration observed in these tumours. We suggest that CXCL10 cleavage and subsequent antagonism of immune cell recruitment may be a feature of the “immunoreactive” HGSOC subtype, leading to early impairment of the immune response and subsequently worsening patient prognosis.
Continuous simulation of system-level automotive EMC problems (2004)

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues are increasingly important to the automotive industry. Potential EMC problems arise from the growing use of electronic systems on the one hand and the lack of flexibility in placement or design of electronic modules on the other hand. In this paper we present a continuous EMC simulation process based on the exchange of EMC models between car manufacturer, electronic supplier and IC developer as applied to a general automotive application. The described process fundamentally influences the introduction of new technologies in automobiles by cutting the risk of EMC-failure and avoiding expensive and time-consuming redesigns.
Delay-Fault BIST in Low-Power CMOS Devices (2008)

Devices such as microcontrollers are often required to operate across a wide range of voltage and temperature. Delay variation in different temperature and voltage corners can be large, and for deep submicron geometries delay faults are more likely than for larger geometries. This has made delay fault testing necessary. Scan testing is widely used as a method for testing, but it is slow due to time spent on shifting test vectors and responses, and it also needs modification to support delay testing. This assignment is divided into three parts. The first part investigates some of the effects in deep submicron technologies, then it looks at different fault models, and at last different techniques for delay testing and BIST approaches are investigated. The second part suggests a design for a test chip, including a circuit under test (CUT) and BIST logic. The final part investigates how the selected BIST logic can be used to reduce test time and what considerations needs to be made to get a optimal solution. The suggested design is a co-processor with SPI slave interface. Since scan based testing is commonly used today, STUMPS was selected as the BIST solution to use. Assuming that scan already is used, STUMPS will have little impact on the performance of the CUT since it is based on scan testing. During analysis it was found that several aspects of the CUT design affects the maximum obtainable delay fault coverage. It was also found that careful design of the BIST logic is necessary to get the best fault coverage and a solution that will reduce the overall cost. The results shows that a large amount of time can be saved during test by using BIST, but since the area of the circuit increases due to the BIST logic it necessarily don t mean that one will reduce cost on the overall design. Whether or not a BIST solution will result in reduced cost will depend on the complexity of the circuit that is tested, how well the BIST logic fits this circuit, how many internal scan chains can be used, and how fast scan vectors can be applied under BIST. In this case it looks like the BIST logic is not well suited to detect the random hard to detect faults. This results in a large amount of top up patterns. This combined with the large area of the BIST logic makes it unlikely that BIST will reduce cost of this design.
Potential Power Quality Benefits of Electric Vehicles (2013)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are likely to have a continued presence in the light-vehicle market in the next few decades. As a result, EV charging will put an extra burden on the distribution grid and adjustments need to be made in some cases. On the other hand, EVs have the potential to support the grid as well. This paper presents a single-phase bidirectional charger topology which pairs up a photovoltaic (PV) source with an EV charger resulting in production cost reduction. The presented topology is then used for vehicle-to-grid (V2G) services. The main focus of this paper is on power quality services which only slightly discharge the battery. Among these services, it studies the possibility of local reactive injection of EVs connected to the grid through a single-phase charger to compensate for voltage drops caused by motor startup or inductive loads. It also studies the possibility of active power injection of EVs for short time periods during PV transients in cloudy weather to keep the system stable. It also studies the potential of EVs to help during low voltage ride-through of the PV sources. The studies are performed using Simulink simulations and a real-time implementation in Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of power quality V2G services with small wear on the EV battery.
Algorithm for the Improvement of Time and Frequency Synchronization Performance in OFDMA System (2006)

In OFDMA system, multiple users transmit signal through the subcarriers assigned to the user. Capabilities of high data-rate transmission in OFDMA system come from the ability to compensate the ICI (Inter Carrier Interference) using a single-tap equalizer and to implement transmitter and receiver by employing high speed FFT circuitry. Issues of time and frequency synchronization in OFDM system is quite essential to preserve the orthogonality among subcarriers not to produce ICI. In this paper, we Int analyze the preamble used in 802.16 d/e and WiBro system. Then we propose an effective timing synchronization algorithm, which is more accurate than the conventional one in the sense of timing position, and integral frequency offset estimation scheme for the simultaneouse estimation of the fractional and integral frequency offset. Through the simulation utilizing the proposed synchronization algorithm and structure, we show that the performance degradation due to the adjacent channel interference can be mitigated for the than conventional ones.
Surface Plasmon-polariton Study of the Optical Dielectric Function of Copper (1995)

Abstract The optical dielectric function of copper is measured by excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons on a copper-covered silica grating for a range of wavelengths in the visible region of the spectrum. By exciting the surface plasmon-polariton at the grating/copper interface, the copper is protected from oxidation and contamination. Comparison of angle-dependent reflectivities to grating modelling theory gives both the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric function of the copper. The results compare very favourably with those obtained by other workers using more conventional methods for samples held in a vacuum.
SHEWMAC: an end-of-line SPC scheme via exponentially weighted moving statistics (2002)

Due to the multiple-stream and sequence-disorder effects, a process change caused by one machine at an in-line step may result in changes in both the mean and variance of end-of-line wafer acceptance test (WAT) data sequence. To speed up WAT data trend detection without resorting to intensive computing power, an end-of-line SHEWMAC scheme was proposed by Fan et al (Proc. Int. Symp. Semicond. Manuf., pp. 233-236, 1999). The SHEWMAC scheme consists of a Shewhart, an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and exponentially weighted moving Cpk (EWMC) charts for jointly monitoring the mean and variance of WAT lot average sequence. This paper aims at the robust design of a SHEWMAC scheme and the analysis of its effectiveness. Simulation results show that the SHEWMAC scheme with robust parameters reduces the time for detecting WAT trends by about 15% as compared to either the exponentially weighted mean square (EWMS) or combined Shewhart-EWMA schemes generally used for trend detection. Field data validation also shows that the incorporation of SHEWMAC complements the existing end-of-line data monitoring system and in-line SPC schemes for process integration.
1 + (-1) = 0, or Not All Anesthetic Sites Are Created Equal (1996)

To the Editor: The article by Koblin et al. [1] introduces a very useful approach to the search for volatile anesthetic sites of action. They studied lipid soluble compounds which do not act as anesthetics at the concentrations predicted by their oil/gas partition coefficients. These agents either 1) have no effect, 2) are far less potent than predicted, or 3) are convulsants (in some sense the opposife of anesthetics) [2]. The investigators make a strong case for the use of these agents to identify a presumptive anesthetic site of action. In fact, these authors and others who have used this technique argue for the involvement of the gamma-aminobutyric acid type A channel as an anesthetic site of action [3]. The use of these agents as a definitive test for a possible site of anesthetic action has an underlying assumption: that anesthesia is caused at a single type of site. However, studies in nematodes, fruit flies, and mammals suggest multiple sites of action for these agents [4-6]. The behavioral effects resulting from function of these sites, in at least one case, may be antagonistic under normal (nonanesthetized) conditions [5]. Indeed, the results in the study by Koblin et al. [1] can also be explained by invoking at least two sites of action. Such additive antagonistic actions of anesthetics were first noted by Cascorbi and Loecher [2] and later by another study of Koblin et al. [7]. The possibility of multiple sites of action for volatile anesthetics allows different agents to affect different sites resulting in antagonistic behavior changes in the organism. Thus, an anesthetic may stimulate an organism at one site and inhibit an organism at another. If the magnitudes of the changes differ from agent to agent, then two agents with similar qualitative effects at different sites may produce different behavioral outcomes. As an example, one agent may be a convulsant while another is an anesthetic. It may also be that the behavioral effects tend to cancel out, leaving the agent relatively impotent. If different halogenated compounds vary in their relative effect at sites with different behavioral effects, they may range from anesthetic to convulsant to having little effect at all. Thus, agents that have a strong effect at two different sites may produce a behavior consistent with little or no effect. Antagonistic effects of anesthetics have been noted in other systems, so such a model must be considered when studying the agents used by Koblin et al. [1]. In no way does this lessen the usefulness of these "nonanesthetic" compounds or the importance of the authors' study. Other researchers studying sites of action of anesthetics must carefully consider the observations of Koblin et al [1]. Phil G. Morgan, MD Departments of Anesthesiology and Genetics University Hospitals and Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH 44106
A study of the behavior of several methods for balancing machine learning training data (2004)

There are several aspects that might influence the performance achieved by existing learning systems. It has been reported that one of these aspects is related to class imbalance in which examples in training data belonging to one class heavily outnumber the examples in the other class. In this situation, which is found in real world data describing an infrequent but important event, the learning system may have difficulties to learn the concept related to the minority class. In this work we perform a broad experimental evaluation involving ten methods, three of them proposed by the authors, to deal with the class imbalance problem in thirteen UCI data sets. Our experiments provide evidence that class imbalance does not systematically hinder the performance of learning systems. In fact, the problem seems to be related to learning with too few minority class examples in the presence of other complicating factors, such as class overlapping. Two of our proposed methods deal with these conditions directly, allying a known over-sampling method with data cleaning methods in order to produce better-defined class clusters. Our comparative experiments show that, in general, over-sampling methods provide more accurate results than under-sampling methods considering the area under the ROC curve (AUC). This result seems to contradict results previously published in the literature. Two of our proposed methods, Smote + Tomek and Smote + ENN, presented very good results for data sets with a small number of positive examples. Moreover, Random over-sampling, a very simple over-sampling method, is very competitive to more complex over-sampling methods. Since the over-sampling methods provided very good performance results, we also measured the syntactic complexity of the decision trees induced from over-sampled data. Our results show that these trees are usually more complex then the ones induced from original data. Random over-sampling usually produced the smallest increase in the mean number of induced rules and Smote + ENN the smallest increase in the mean number of conditions per rule, when compared among the investigated over-sampling methods.
Use of MISR Output Streams for Diagnostics (2006)

This paper describes a simple means for diagnosing failures by observing a compacted MISR output stream. While MISRs have been used in the industry for response compression, their use has often been seen as an impediment to diagnosis of failures. This paper shows how it is possible to use MISRs to perform a go/no-go failure test with very little data volume and to also use a compacted continuous stream of MISR output states to aid diagnosis
PINK1 is activated by mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and stimulates Parkin E3 ligase activity by phosphorylating Serine 65 (2012)

Missense mutations in PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1) cause autosomal-recessive inherited Parkinson's disease (PD). We have exploited our recent discovery that recombinant insect PINK1 is catalytically active to test whether PINK1 directly phosphorylates 15 proteins encoded by PD-associated genes as well as proteins reported to bind PINK1. We have discovered that insect PINK1 efficiently phosphorylates only one of these proteins, namely the E3 ligase Parkin. We have mapped the phosphorylation site to a highly conserved residue within the Ubl domain of Parkin at Ser(65). We show that human PINK1 is specifically activated by mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) depolarization, enabling it to phosphorylate Parkin at Ser(65). We further show that phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser(65) leads to marked activation of its E3 ligase activity that is prevented by mutation of Ser(65) or inactivation of PINK1. We provide evidence that once activated, PINK1 autophosphorylates at several residues, including Thr(257), which is accompanied by an electrophoretic mobility band-shift. These results provide the first evidence that PINK1 is activated following Δψm depolarization and suggest that PINK1 directly phosphorylates and activates Parkin. Our findings indicate that monitoring phosphorylation of Parkin at Ser(65) and/or PINK1 at Thr(257) represent the first biomarkers for examining activity of the PINK1-Parkin signalling pathway in vivo. Our findings also suggest that small molecule activators of Parkin that mimic the effect of PINK1 phosphorylation may confer therapeutic benefit for PD.
Determination of sulfite using a sulfite oxidase enzyme electrode (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of sulfite using a sulfite oxidase enzyme electrodeVicki J. SmithCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 18, 2256–2259Publication Date (Print):September 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 September 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00145a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00145a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views410Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
AMPK: Evidence for an energy-sensing cytokinetic tumor suppressor (2009)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) system, an evolutionary conserved low-energy checkpoint, functions as a canonical suppressor of cell proliferation. Proliferating cells, however, should also ensure a proper spatio-temporal bond between AMPK-sensed cell's metabolic status and cell division. A crucial linkage between cell proliferation and AMPK-interpreted cell bioenergetics appears to take place during the M-phase of the cell cycle. A recent description of a physical interplay between the active form the alpha-catalytic AMPK subunit with essential mitotic regulators in the centrosome and midbody has provided direct evidence that tumor-suppressive properties for AMPK closely relate to its ability to exquisitely coordinate sensing of energy resources and the fundamental biological process of genome division during mitosis and cytokinesis. Based on recent findings in our laboratory observing abortive cytokinesis followed by nuclear shape reorganization, mitotic catastrophe, polyploidization events, and cell giantism in p53-null cancer cells pharmacologically manipulated to exhibit sustained activation of AMPK, we now propose that AMPK is a novel and biologically significant participant with a tumor suppressive activity in the mitotic/cytokinetic phase of the cell cycle. In this scenario, molecular co-evolution of the energy-sensing cytokinetic tumor suppressor AMPK within the chronic biophysical constraints of the tumor microenvironment may inherently promote a continuous generation of structural and numerical changes in chromosomes favoring generation of nascent tumor cells and/or tumor-initiating cells over tumor cell death.
Breaking Down the Crystallinity: The Path for Advanced Lithium Batteries (2015)

Lithium‐sulfur batteries offer high energy density, but their practical utility is plagued by the fast decay of lithium‐metal anode upon cycling. To date, a fundamental understanding of the degradation mechanisms of lithium‐metal anode is lacking. It is shown that (i) by employing a specifically designed electrolyte, the lithium‐metal anode degradation can be significantly reduced, resulting in a superior, high‐rate battery performance and (ii) by combining advanced, 3D chemical analysis with X‐ray diffraction, the properties of the lithium‐metal anode can be effectively monitored as a function of cycling, which is critical in understanding its degradation mechanisms. These findings suggest that the crystallinity of the impurity phases formed in the lithium‐metal anode via chemical reactions with the electrolyte is the dominant degradation factor. It is shown both experimentally and by computational modeling that by employing electrolyte additives containing metal ions that have lower reactivity with sulfur than lithium (e.g., copper, silver, and gold), the crystallinity of the impurity phases can be significantly reduced, resulting in a stable lithium‐metal anode. A pathway to develop a practical, affordable, environmentally compatible, rechargeable Li‐S battery system is offered, and insights to develop other high‐energy‐density battery systems based on the high‐capacity lithium‐metal anode are provided.
Three-dimensional optical-transfer-function analysis of fiber-optical two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2003)

The three-dimensional optical transfer function is derived for analyzing the imaging performance in fiber-optical two-photon fluorescence microscopy. Two types of fiber-optical geometry are considered: The first involves a single-mode fiber for delivering a laser beam for illumination, and the second is based on the use of a single-mode fiber coupler for both illumination delivery and signal collection. It is found that in the former case the transverse and axial cutoff spatial frequencies of the three-dimensional optical transfer function are the same as those in conventional two-photon fluorescence microscopy without the use of a pinhole.However, the transverse and axial cutoff spatial frequencies in the latter case are 1.7 times as large as those in the former case. Accordingly, this feature leads to an enhanced optical sectioning effect when a fiber coupler is used, which is consistent with our recent experimental observation.
A ± 12-A High-Side Current Sensor With 25 V Input CM Range and 0.35% Gain Error From −40 °C to 85 °C (2018)

This letter presents the most accurate shunt-based high-side current sensor ever reported. It achieves a 25 V input common-mode range from a single 1.8-V supply by using a beyond-the-rails ADC. A hybrid analog/digital temperature compensation scheme is proposed to simplify the circuit implementation while maintaining the state-of-the-art accuracy. Over a ±12-A current range, the sensor exhibits 0.35% gain error from -40 °C to 85 °C with 3× better power efficiency.