gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full 180° Magnetization Reversal with Electric Fields (2014)

Achieving 180° magnetization reversal with an electric field rather than a current or magnetic field is a fundamental challenge and represents a technological breakthrough towards new memory cell designs. Here we propose a mesoscale morphological engineering approach to accomplishing full 180° magnetization reversals with electric fields by utilizing both the in-plane piezostrains and magnetic shape anisotropy of a multiferroic heterostructure. Using phase-field simulations, we examined a patterned single-domain nanomagnet with four-fold magnetic axis on a ferroelectric layer with electric-field-induced uniaxial strains. We demonstrated that the uniaxial piezostrains, if non-collinear to the magnetic easy axis of the nanomagnet at certain angles, induce two successive, deterministic 90° magnetization rotations, thereby leading to full 180° magnetization reversals.
Active Creatine Kinase Refolded from Inclusion Bodies in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1991)

We have expressed creatine kinase (CK) from Torpedo californica electric organ cDNA in E. coli. Although the expression system was designed to produce native, cytoplasmic protein, the initial protein product is insoluble, with no detectable activity. It can be isolated in an enriched form by centrifugation and is stable to proteolysis for several months when stored at 4 °C. Since soluble CK from tissue sources can be denatured and refolded with nearly complete recovery of activity, we adapted this methodology for use with the expressed CK in order to obtain soluble, active protein. Only minute amounts of active protein were recovered using this procedure, however, and further exploration of this phenomenon showed that this was due to proteolysis of the aggregated CK during denaturation and refolding. The CK is apparently resistant to this proteolysis in the aggregated state but is highly sensitive to it during denaturation and refolding. While this proteolytic activity is inhibited by neither phenylmethane sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) nor EDTA, it can be largely removed either by extraction with a detergent-containing buffer prior to denaturation of the CK or by ion exchange chromatography under denaturing conditions. These methods result in 30-100 fold improved recoveries of soluble protein which, upon further purification, yield pure protein which is highly similar to CK isolated from tissue sources. Experiments with extracts containing this proteolytic activity show that it is largely inactive on native soluble CK, degrading this protein only after denaturation and refolding are initiated. We have also found a proteolytic activity contaminating inclusion bodies formed when a mutant of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) is expressed in E. coli. It is similar to that found in the CK system, acting to degrade expressed protein only after the initiation of denaturation and refolding procedures. We therefore suggest that this proteolytic activity may be a general phenomenon complicating the refolding of other inclusion body proteins as well.
Providing Computing Services through Mobile Devices in a Collaborative Way - A Fog Computing Case Study (2017)

The increasing number of mobile devices, such as smartphones, tablets and laptops, and also advances in their computing power enabled them to be considered as computing resources, having their proximity explored. The use of nearby resources for computing is growing year by year and it is called Fog Computing. The elements on the edge of the Internet are exploited once the computer service providers could be unavailable or overloaded. This work focuses on using mobile devices to provide computing services by using an heuristic called Adapted Maximum Regret, which tries to minimize energy and avoid unreliable devices. There is also a top-level meta-heuristic which has global information and interconnects different clusters of devices on the edge of the Internet to guarantee QoS. We conducted a set of experiments that demonstrated we should avoid devices with a high degree of failures to save more energy when allocating tasks as well as to decrease the applications response time and communication through adjustments in the selection algorithm of external agglomerates.
Genetic variation: molecular mechanisms and impact on microbial evolution (2000)

On the basis of established knowledge of microbial genetics one can distinguish three major natural strategies in the spontaneous generation of genetic variations in bacteria. These strategies are: (1) small local changes in the nucleotide sequence of the genome, (2) intragenomic reshuffling of segments of genomic sequences and (3) the acquisition of DNA sequences from another organism. The three general strategies differ in the quality of their contribution to microbial evolution. Besides a number of non-genetic factors, various specific gene products are involved in the generation of genetic variation and in the modulation of the frequency of genetic variation. The underlying genes are called evolution genes. They act for the benefit of the biological evolution of populations as opposed to the action of housekeeping genes and accessory genes which are for the benefit of individuals. Examples of evolution genes acting as variation generators are found in the transposition of mobile genetic elements and in so-called site-specific recombination systems. DNA repair systems and restriction-modification systems are examples of modulators of the frequency of genetic variation. The involvement of bacterial viruses and of plasmids in DNA reshuffling and in horizontal gene transfer is a hint for their evolutionary functions. Evolution genes are thought to undergo biological evolution themselves, but natural selection for their functions is indirect, at the level of populations, and is called second-order selection. In spite of an involvement of gene products in the generation of genetic variations, evolution genes do not programmatically direct evolution towards a specific goal. Rather, a steady interplay between natural selection and mixed populations of genetic variants gives microbial evolution its direction.
Epitaxial integration of ferromagnetic correlated oxide LaCoO3 with Si (100) (2011)

We have grown epitaxial strained LaCoO3 on (100)-oriented silicon by molecular beam epitaxy using a relaxed epitaxial SrTiO3 buffer layer. Superconducting quantum interference device magnetization measurements show that, unlike the bulk material, the ground state of the strained LaCoO3 on silicon is ferromagnetic with a TC of 85 K. First principles calculations suggest that a ferromagnetic ground state can be stabilized in LaCoO3 by a sufficiently large biaxial tensile strain with the transition accompanied by a partial untilting of the CoO6 octahedra.
Optomechanical Thermometry of Nanoribbon Cantilevers (2018)

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanostructures have attracted a significant amount of attention for a variety of optoelectronic applications including photovoltaic cells, semiconductor lasers, and solid-state laser refrigeration due to their direct bandgap around 2.42 eV and high radiative quantum efficiency. Nanoribbons (NRs) of CdS have been claimed to laser cool following excitation at 514 and 532 nm wavelengths by the annihilation of optical phonons during anti-Stokes photoluminescence. To explore this claim, we demonstrate a novel optomechanical experimental technique for microthermometry of a CdSNR cantilever using Young’s modulus as the primary temperature-dependent observable. Measurements of the cantilever’s fundamental acoustic eigenfrequency at low laser powers showed a red-shift in the eigenfrequency with increasing power, suggesting net heating. At high laser powers, a decrease in the rate of red-shift of the eigenfrequency is explained using Euler–Bernoulli elastic beam theory, considering Hookean optical-trapping force. A predicted imaginary refractive index for CdSNR based on experimental temperature measurement agrees well with a heat transfer analysis that predicts the temperature distribution within the cantilever and the time required to reach steady state (<100 μs). This approach is useful for investigating solid-state laser refrigeration of a wide variety of material systems without the need for complex pump/probe spectroscopy.
Cross-linking of CD18 primes human neutrophils for activation of the respiratory burst in response to specific stimuli: Implications for adhesion-dependent physiological responses in neutrophils (1995)

Adhesion is known to prime neutrophils for physiological activation in response to cytokines and other stimuli. We have employed the technique of receptor cross-linking to study the potential role of CD18, the common beta-subunit of the beta 2-integrin family of adhesion molecules, in the regulation of the respiratory burst, as measured by luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence and iodination, in human neutrophils. CD18 cross-linking primed neutrophils to activate the respiratory burst after stimulation with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) (100 units/mL), formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (1 microM), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (1 micrograms/mL), but not granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) (1 micrograms/mL), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (100 U/mL), or phorbol myristate acetate (100 nM). The maximal rate of chemiluminescence induced by fMLP, TNF-alpha, and GM-CSF was enhanced 8-, 6-, and 1.5-fold, respectively, following CD18 cross-linking. Priming of the respiratory burst by direct engagement of CD18 was confirmed in neutrophil-mediated iodination experiments, where iodination induced by TNF-alpha, fMLP, and GM-CSF was increased 15-, 20-, and 7-fold, respectively, by CD18 cross-linking. Immunoblot experiments demonstrated that TNF-alpha-induced tyrosine phosphorylation was both accelerated and more intense in neutrophils after cross-linking of CD18. Major tyrosine phosphoprotein products include proteins with approximate molecular masses of 40, 70, and 110 kDa. Genistein (50 microM), a selective tyrosine kinase inhibitor, reduced the TNF-alpha-stimulated respiratory burst by > 80% whether or not CD18 was cross-linked. These results affirm the importance of CD18 in adhesion-dependent priming of neutrophil functions and demonstrate that CD18 engagement per se is sufficient to prime neutrophils for cytokine-induced signal transduction mediated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
A robust lip tracking algorithm using localized color active contours and deformable models (2011)

Lip tracking is crucial to the success of a lipreading recognition system. This paper presents a robust lip tracking algorithm using localized color active contours and deformable models. The proposed approach utilizes a combined semiellipse as the initial evolving curve and computes the localized energies in color space for evolving such that a separation of the original lip image into lip and non-lip regions can be found. Moreover, the dynamic radius selection of the local region is presented with a 16-point deformable model (Wang et al. 2004) to achieve the lip tracking. The proposed approach is adaptive to the movement of the lips from frame to frame, and robust against the appearance of the teeth and tongue. Experiments have shown the promising results.
Label-Free and Reagentless Aptamer-Based Sensors for Small Molecules (2006)

A label free, reagentless aptasensor for adenosine is developed on an ISFET device. The separation of an aptamer/nucleic acid duplex by adenosine leads to the aptamer/adenosine complex that alters the gate potential of the ISFET. The sensitivity limit of the device is 5 x 10-5 M. Also, the immobilization of the aptamer/nucleic acid duplex on an Au-electrode and the separation of the duplex by adenosine mono-phosphate (AMP) enable the electrochemical detection of adenosine by faradaic impedance spectroscopy. The separation of the aptamer/nucleic acid duplex by adenosine and the formation of the aptamer/adenosine complex results in a decrease in the interfacial electron-transfer resistance in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as redox active substrate.
The Natural Bite Angle of Chelating Diphosphines (1990)

Abstract The natural bite angles of chelating diphosphine ligands have been determined by molecular mechanics calculations using the MACROMODEL program with a modified AMBER force field. The natural bite angle (β n ) is defined as the preferred chelation angle determined only by ligand backbone constraints and not by metal valence angles. Potential energy diagrams for diphosphine chelates were constructed to estimate chelate flexibility. Molecular mechanics calculations have been used to select diphosphine ligands with natural bite angles of 120° for diequatorial chelation in trigonal bipyramidal metal complexes.
Anal gas evacuation and colonic microbiota in patients with flatulence: effect of diet (2013)

Patients complaining of flatulence have a poor tolerance of intestinal gas, which is associated with instability of the microbial ecosystem.
A superior catalyst for low-temperature NO reduction with NH3 (2003)

Mn-Ce mixed-oxide catalyst yields nearly 100% NO conversion at 100-150 degrees C at a high space velocity of 42,000 h(-1). SO2 and H2O (at high concentrations) have only slight effects on the activity.
Actinomyces howellii, a New Species from the Dental Plaque of Dairy Cattle (1984)

Five strains of actinomyces isolated from the dental plaque of cattle were assigned presumptively to the genus Actinomyces on the basis of Gram staining, colonial and cellular morphology, fermentation reactions, and acid end products of metabolism. This assignment was confirmed by the molar composition of peptidoglycans. The isolates formed a homogeneous group on the basis of the sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide electrophoresis patterns of their polypeptides, their cell wall carbohydrate constituents, and their deoxyribonucleic acid mean base compositions. They were also clearly related as determined by deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology, which distinguished them from strains of Actinomyces naeslundii, Actinomyces viscosus, and “Actinomyces denticolens.” A new taxon, Actinomyces howellii, is proposed for these strains, the type strain of which is strain NCTC 11636.
Novel Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor Modulator KRP203 Combined With Locally Delivered Regulatory T Cells Induces Permanent Acceptance of Pancreatic Islet Allografts (2013)

A brief treatment with KRP203 significantly prolonged islet allograft survival, whereas additional intragraft delivery of Tregs induced tolerogenic effects selective to islet alloantigens.
Low adherence to statin treatment during the 1st year after an acute myocardial infarction is associated with increased 2nd-year mortality risk—an inverse probability of treatment weighted study on 54 872 patients (2020)

In the real-world setting, low statin adherence during the 1st year after an AMI episode is associated with increased mortality during the 2nd year. Our results reaffirm the importance of achieving a high adherence to statin treatment after suffering from an AMI.
Amniotic Fluid Embolism in an Australian Population-based Cohort (2011)

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Synthetic-aperture based photoacoustic re-beamforming (SPARE) approach using beamformed ultrasound data (2016)

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging has been developed for various clinical and pre-clinical applications, and acquiring pre-beamformed channel data is necessary to reconstruct these images. However, accessing these pre-beamformed channel data requires custom hardware to enable parallel beamforming, and is available for a limited number of research ultrasound platforms. To broaden the impact of clinical PA imaging, our goal is to devise a new PA reconstruction approach that uses ultrasound post-beamformed radio frequency (RF) data rather than raw channel data, because this type of data is readily available in both clinical and research ultrasound systems. In our proposed Synthetic-aperture based photoacoustic re-beamforming (SPARE) approach, post-beamformed RF data from a clinical ultrasound scanner are considered as input data for an adaptive synthetic aperture beamforming algorithm. When receive focusing is applied prior to obtaining these data, the focal point is considered as a virtual element, and synthetic aperture beamforming is implemented assuming that the photoacoustic signals are received at the virtual element. The resolution and SNR obtained with the proposed method were compared to that obtained with conventional delay-and-sum beamforming with 99.87% and 91.56% agreement, respectively. In addition, we experimentally demonstrated feasibility with a pulsed laser diode setup. Results indicate that the post-beamformed RF data from any commercially available ultrasound platform can potentially be used to create PA images.
Reactive Surfactants in Heterophase Polymerization. 2. Maleate Based Poly(ethylene oxide) Macromonomers as Steric Stabilizer Precursors in the Dispersion Polymerization of Styrene in Ethanol−Water Media (1996)

The dispersion polymerization of styrene in ethanol−water mixtures has been investigated. The reactions were carried out in the presence of maleate based poly(ethylene oxide) macromonomers as steric stabilizer precursors: R-MA-EOn-R‘ , with R = H or n-C12H25, MA = maleic acid, n = 34, 42, and 49, and R‘ = H or CH3. Nearly monodisperse polystyrene particles from 900 to 2000 nm in diameter were obtained. The structure and the concentration of the macromonomer, and the polarity of the solvent, affect the particle size and the particle size distribution. The location of the macromonomer, its conversion, and its incorporation yield in the particles throughout the entire polymerization are discussed. Maleate macromonomers react quickly to yield very low molecular weight styrene copolymers. Some of the copolymers take part in the stabilization of the particles as weakly adsorbed species. Hydrophilic macromonomers are well suited for dispersion polymerization, but the incorporation of these macromonomers into the polymer particles is not improved if they have an amphiphilic structure.
Effect of putrescine on the synthesis of <i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (1987)

The synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) decarboxylase was studied by translating the rat prostate mRNA for this enzyme in a reticulocyte lysate. The protein was formed as a precursor of Mr 37,000, which was converted into the enzyme subunit of Mr 32,000 in the lysates. The presence of putrescine had no effect on the synthesis of the precursor of AdoMet decarboxylase, but accelerated its conversion into the enzyme subunit. Spermidine, spermine, decarboxylated AdoMet, AdoMet and methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) were not able to substitute for putrescine in this effect. These results indicate that, in addition to its direct activation of mammalian AdoMet decarboxylase, putrescine could increase the amount of the enzyme by increasing its production.
Human fetal lung changes associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy (1987)

Pulmonary impairment in the offspring of smoking mothers is well documented by epidemiologic studies. The morphologic bases for the functional impairment are largely unexplored. We studied 17 infant lungs obtained at autopsy, ten from smoking (group 1) and seven from nonsmoking (group 2) mothers, by light (LM), transmission (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By LM, the alveolar mean linear intercept was similar in both groups; the total lung volume and alveolar surface area increased with the increase in gestational age in all lungs studied. By SEM, the sizes of the neuroepithelial bodies (NEB) were larger in group 1 than in group 2. By SEM and TEM, ciliated cells were increased, but the amount of dense core granules was decreased, in the NEB of the smoking group. Maternal smoking during pregnancy appears to alter the size and cellular composition of fetal NEB. The detailed mechanisms of the alteration in NEB and their implications are unclear from this study and needed further clarification.
Content-centric Display Energy Management for Mobile Devices (2014)

While active studies have been conducted to reduce the power consumption of display-related components of mobile devices, previous work has rarely approached the issues without having to deteriorate graphical quality. In this paper, we propose an effective scheme to reduce display energy consumption without compromising user experience. We first define a metric called the content rate from which an appropriate refresh rate is determined for displaying content. The proposed system then sets an optimal refresh rate based on the content rate. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our system effectively reduces the total power in commercial smartphones, yet the display quality is satisfactorily maintained.
Dynamic Solution Injection: a new method for preparing pptv–ppbv standard atmospheres of volatile organic compounds (2010)

Abstract. Proton Transfer Reaction-Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and thermal desorption Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) allow for absolute quantification of a wide range of atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with concentrations in the ppbv to pptv range. Although often neglected, routine calibration is necessary for accurate quantification of VOCs by PTR-MS and GC-MS. Several gas calibration methods currently exist, including compressed gas cylinders, permeation tubes, diffusion tubes, and liquid injection. While each method has its advantages and limitations, no single technique has emerged that is capable of dynamically generating known concentrations of complex mixtures of VOCs over a large concentration range (ppbv to pptv) and is technically simple, field portable, and affordable. We present the development of a new VOC calibration technique based on liquid injection with these features termed Dynamic Solution Injection (DSI). This method consists of injecting VOCs (0.1–0.5 mM) dissolved in cyclohexane (PTR-MS) or methanol (GC-MS) into a 1.0 slpm flow of purified dilution gas in an unheated 25 ml glass vial. Upon changes in the injection flow rate (0.5–4.0 μl min−1), new VOC concentrations are reached within seconds to minutes, depending on the compound, with a liquid injection flow rate accuracy and precision of better than 7% and 4% respectively. We demonstrate the utility of the DSI technique by calibrating a PTR-MS to seven different cyclohexane solutions containing a total of 34 different biogenic compounds including volatile isoprenoids, oxygenated VOCs, fatty acid oxidation products, aromatics, and dimethyl sulfide. We conclude that because of its small size, low cost, and simplicity, the Dynamic Solution Injection method will be of great use to both laboratory and field VOC studies.