gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prefetch injection based on hardware monitoring and object metadata (2004)

Cache miss stalls hurt performance because of the large gap between memory and processor speeds - for example, the popular server benchmark SPEC JBB2000 spends 45% of its cycles stalled waiting for memory requests on the Itanium® 2 processor. Traversing linked data structures causes a large portion of these stalls. Prefetching for linked data structures remains a major challenge because serial data dependencies between elements in a linked data structure preclude the timely materialization of prefetch addresses. This paper presents Mississippi Delta (MS Delta), a novel technique for prefetching linked data structures that closely integrates the hardware performance monitor (HPM), the garbage collector's global view of heap and object layout, the type-level metadata inherent in type-safe programs, and JIT compiler analysis. The garbage collector uses the HPM's data cache miss information to identify cache miss intensive traversal paths through linked data structures, and then discovers regular distances (deltas) between these linked objects. JIT compiler analysis injects prefetch instructions using deltas to materialize prefetch addresses.We have implemented MS Delta in a fully dynamic profile-guided optimization system: the StarJIT dynamic compiler [1] and the ORP Java virtual machine [9]. We demonstrate a 28-29% reduction in stall cycles attributable to the high-latency cache misses targeted by MS Delta and a speedup of 11-14% on the cache miss intensive SPEC JBB2000 benchmark.
Perfluorocarbon Associated Gas Exchange (Page): Gas Ventilation of the Perfluorocarbon Filled Lung (1994)

PAGE improves lung function and poses opportunities to reduce pulmonary morbidity and diminish the cost of intensive care.
Sub-lithographic Patterning via Tilted Ion Implantation for Scaling Beyond the 7-nm Technology Node (2016)

Tilted ion implantation (TII) can be used in conjunction with pre-existing masking features on the surface of a substrate to form features with smaller dimensions and smaller pitch. In this paper, the resolution limit of this sub-lithographic patterning approach is examined via experiments as well as Monte Carlo process simulations. TII is shown to be capable of defining features with size below 10 nm, in a self-aligned manner, reproducing with high fidelity the line-edge roughness of the pre-existing masking features. Since it has relatively low associated process cost, TII-enhanced patterning is a promising approach to advance high-volume manufacture of integrated circuits beyond the 7-nm technology node.
Fast IP packet classification with configurable processor (2002)

The next generation IP routers/switches need to provide quality of service (QoS) guarantees and differentiated services. These capabilities require a packet to be classified according to multiple fields in order to determine which flow an incoming packet belongs to. We present a way of achieving fast IP packet classification with a configurable processor as a more flexible and future proof alternative to using a hard-wired ASIC. Configurable processors can be tuned by the system designer with new instructions and hardware. To accelerate table lookups and bitmap manipulation, we develop several customized instructions that are specially optimized to yield large performance improvements. It is shown that one packet needs 16 cycles in the case of cache hit and 30 cycles in the worst case of cache miss for multiple field classification (compared to hundreds of cycles for a standard RISC processor). Thus, it is demonstrated that by using two 200 MHz processors with a proper configuration, OC48 wire-speed packet classification can be achieved while matching multiple fields with sophisticated rules of ranges and/or prefixes.
Bubble Inflation Using Phase-Change Perfluorocarbon Nanodroplets as a Strategy for Enhanced Ultrasound Imaging and Therapy (2020)

Phase-change perfluorocarbon microdroplets were introduced over 2 decades ago to occlude downstream vessels in vivo. Interest in perfluorocarbon nanodroplets has recently increased to enable extravascular targeting, to rescue the weak ultrasound signal of perfluorocarbon droplets by converting them to microbubbles and to improve ultrasound-based therapy. Despite great scientific interest and advances, applications of phase-change perfluorocarbon agents have not reached clinical testing because of efficacy and safety concerns, some of which remain unexplained. Here, we report that the coexistence of perfluorocarbon droplets and microbubbles in blood, which is inevitable when droplets spontaneously or intentionally vaporize to form microbubbles, is a major contributor to the observed side effects. We develop the theory to explain why the coexistence of droplets and microbubbles results in microbubble inflation induced by perfluorocarbon transfer from droplets to adjacent microbubbles. We also present the experimental data showing up to 6 orders of magnitude microbubble volume expansion, which occludes a 200 μm tubing in the presence of perfluorocarbon nanodroplets. More importantly, we demonstrate that the rate of microbubble inflation and ultimate size can be controlled by manipulating formulation parameters to tailor the agent's design for the potential theranostic application while minimizing the risk to benefit ratio.
Quadrant Coverage Histogram: A New Method for Measuring Quality of Colonoscopic Procedures (2007)

Colonoscopy is an endoscopic technique that allows a physician to inspect the inside of the human colon. Although millions of colonoscopic procedures are performed annually, an objective method that estimates how much effort was undertaken to insure maximal inspection of the visible parts of the inside of the colon, does not exist. Experts agree that it is desirable to inspect all quadrants of the colon wall while the endoscope is gradually withdrawn. In this paper, we present a new computer-based method that constructs a Quadrant Coverage Histogram to determine the number of quadrants of the colon wall inspected during the withdrawal phase of colonoscopy. The proposed method is part of our novel computer-aided quality control system for colonoscopy intended for use in routine clinical practice.
Ab Initio Emulsion Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization (2018)

Stable latexes of poly(meth)acrylates with predetermined molecular weights, narrow molecular-weight distributions, and controlled architecture were prepared by true ab initio emulsion atom-transfer radical polymerization. Water-soluble (macro)initiators in combination with a hydrophilic catalyst, Cu/tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine, initiated the polymerization in the aqueous phase. The catalyst strongly interacted with the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), thereby tuning the polymerization within nucleated hydrophobic polymer particles. Long-term stable latexes were obtained, even with SDS loading below 3 wt % relative to monomer. Block and gradient copolymers were prepared in situ. The reaction volume and solid content were successfully increased to 100 mL and 40 vol %, respectively, thus suggesting facile scale-up of this technique. The proposed setup could be integrated in existing industrial plants used for emulsion polymerization.
Sophorolipid assisted tunable and rapid gelation of silk fibroin to form porous biomedical scaffolds (2015)

Faster gelation of silk fibroin using biosurfactants: sophorolipid, towards 3D scaffolds for biomedical application.
<title>Sensing and instrumentation applications of the Sagnac fiber optic interferometer</title> (1994)

The Sagnac interferometer has been used to support fiber optic gyros to sense rotation which currently represents the largest single market for fiber sensors. The Sagnac fiber optic interferometer may also be used to sense time varying and very slowly varying environmental effects as well as instrumentation to measure the properties of light sources and optical fiber. This paper provides an overview of these and other applications of the Sagnac fiber optic interferometer.
Polyaniline: Dependency of selected properties on molecular weight (1993)

The conductivity and tensile strength of stretch-oriented, doped, crosslinked films of polyaniline are found to be considerably greater than those prepared from non-crosslinked films of the polymer. The conductivity of the former films show little dependence on molecular weight or degree of crosslinking whereas their tensile strength shows significant dependence on these variables.
Non-linear temperature-dependent curvature of a phase change composite bimorph beam (2017)

Bimorph films curl in response to temperature. The degree of curvature typically varies in proportion to the difference in thermal expansion of the individual layers, and linearly with temperature. In many applications, such as controlling a thermostat, this gentle linear behavior is acceptable. In other cases, such as opening or closing a valve or latching a deployable column into place, an abrupt motion at a fixed temperature is preferred. To achieve this non-linear motion, we describe the fabrication and performance of a new bilayer structure we call a 'phase change composite bimorph (PCBM)'. In a PCBM, one layer in the bimorph is a composite containing small inclusions of phase change materials. When the inclusions melt, their large (generally positive and >1%) expansion coefficient induces a strong, reversible step function jump in bimorph curvature. The measured jump amplitude and thermal response is consistent with theory, and can be harnessed by a new class of actuators and sensors.
Colorimetric Biosensors Based on Polydiacetylene (PDA) and Polyamidoamine (PAMAM) Dendrimers (2005)

Biosensing techniques are crucially important in a wide variety of applications from the detection of biological warfare agents to analysis for pesticide residues in crops or determination of freshness of food products. The intense search for better and more accurate biosensors has recently drawn attention to polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. The unique properties of globular PAMAM dendrimers, with large numbers of exo-presented functional end-groups, provide a very promising platform for biological sensor elements. Polydiacetylene (PDA), on the other hand, is a macromolecule that exhibits a colorimetric response to a variety of stimuli, and is therefore a strong candidate for sensor elements. Consequently, an ensemble of PAMAM dendrimers and PDA segments provides for a novel type of molecular biosensor, which is expected to have highly pronounced sensitivity and widely applicable versatility. In this article, an overview of recent experimental work and progress achieved on biosensors from PAMAM dendrimers and PDAs is presented.
Effect of annealing and applied bias on barrier shape in CoFe/MgO/CoFe tunnel junctions (2011)

Energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy and electron holography were used to study changes in the MgO tunnel barrier of CoFe/MgO/CoFe magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) as a function of annealing and in situ applied electrical bias. Annealing was found to increase the homogeneity and crystallinity of the MgO tunnel barrier. Cobalt, oxygen, and trace amounts of iron diffused into the MgO upon annealing. Annealing also resulted in a reduction of the tunneling barrier height, and decreased the resistance of the annealed MTJ relative to that of the as-grown sample. In situ off-axis electron holography was employed to image the barrier potential profile of a MTJ directly, with the specimen under electrical bias. Varying the bias voltage from \ensuremath{-}1.5 to $+$1.5 V was found to change the asymmetry of the barrier potential and decrease the effective barrier width as a result of charge accumulation at the MgO-CoFe interface.
Application of maximum length sequences to photoacoustic chemical analysis (2007)

There is a great need for inexpensive, rugged, portable, and versatile chemical detectors for use in both security and environmental measurement. Current sensors that meet the inexpensive, portable, and rugged criterion are usually limited in sensitivity and dedicated to detecting a limited number of chemicals. Sensors designed for airborne measurement typically cannot be used to measure surface chemicals. The photoacoustic method is one of the most sensitive techniques for trace analysis in both the air and on surfaces. Unfortunately, photoacoustic systems are typically expensive, usually not portable, and usually cannot be used for both airborne and surface chemical analysis. A new design for a photoacoustic measurement system is proposed that utilizes maximum length sequences (MLS) to modulate multiple, inexpensive, fixed frequency, laser diodes. The MLS modulation and post-acquisition correlation processing should provide a very high signal-to-noise measurement without need for lock-in amplifiers, high power pulsed lasers, optical modulators, or resonant measurement cells. These changes should allow for the design of a rugged, portable, inexpensive photoacoustic measurement system that can be used for both airborne and surface trace chemical detection.
Texture Mixer: A Network for Controllable Synthesis and Interpolation of Texture (2019)

This paper addresses the problem of interpolating visual textures. We formulate this problem by requiring (1) by-example controllability and (2) realistic and smooth interpolation among an arbitrary number of texture samples. To solve it we propose a neural network trained simultaneously on a reconstruction task and a generation task, which can project texture examples onto a latent space where they can be linearly interpolated and projected back onto the image domain, thus ensuring both intuitive control and realistic results. We show our method outperforms a number of baselines according to a comprehensive suite of metrics as well as a user study. We further show several applications based on our technique, which include texture brush, texture dissolve, and animal hybridization.
Acoustic Emission Source Location Using Lamb Wave Modes (1997)

This paper describes the development of a technique based on acoustic emission (AE) technology that can be used for global nondestructive evaluation (NDE) of steel structures. This will also be useful for the subsequent local inspection used to further monitor cracking, defective connections, retrofit measures, and so forth. The dispersive nature of Lamb wave propagation in plates makes it possible to perform a linear source location of AE events based on the arrival of different frequency components (Lamb wave modes) of an AE event at a single transducer. Experiments on steel beams and plates in the laboratory explored the theory of wave propagation and digital signal processing needed to pursue this objective. Subsequent field investigation on a real bridge substantiated the applicability of this technique. This new technique could allow AE inspection to locate structural problems better, and with a reduced number of transducers.
<title>Mercuric iodide polycrystalline films</title> (2001)

Mercuric iodide (HgI<sub>2</sub>) polycrystalline films are being developed as a new detector technology for digital x-ray imaging. Films have been grown with areas up to 80 cm<sup>2</sup> (4' diameter) and thickness of 20-250 micrometers using sublimation. The growth techniques used can be easily extended to produce much larger film areas (>10'x10'). Thickness of the grown layers and size of the grains can be regulated over a wide range by adjusting the growth parameters. The films were characterized with respect to their electrical properties and in response to ionizing radiation. Leakage current as low as 40 pA/cm<sup>2</sup> at the operating bias voltage of ~50 V has been observed. High sensitivity and excellent linearity in the response to x-rays was measured. Signals from these HgI<sub>2</sub> polycrystalline detectors, in response to ionizing radiation, compare favorably to the best published results for all high Z polycrystalline films grown elsewhere, including TlBr, PbI<sub>2</sub> and HgI<sub>2</sub>. The low dark current, good sensitivity, and linearity of the response to x-rays put HgI<sub>2</sub> polycrystalline semiconductor detectors in position as a leading candidate material for use in digital x-ray imaging systems. Our future efforts will concentrate on optimization of film growth techniques specifically for deposition on a-Si:H flat panel readout arrays.
Extremely efficient and deterministic approach to generating optimal ordering of diffusion MRI measurements (2011)

Two extremely efficient and deterministic methods have been developed for solving the problem of optimal ordering of diffusion gradient directions. The proposed strategy is also applicable to optimal view-ordering in three-dimensional radial MRI.
Adjuvant Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab in Early HER2-Positive Breast Cancer (2017)

Pertuzumab significantly improved the rates of invasive-disease-free survival among patients with HER2-positive, operable breast cancer when it was added to trastuzumab and chemotherapy. Diarrhea was more common with pertuzumab than with placebo. (Funded by F. Hoffmann-La Roche/Genentech; APHINITY ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01358877 .).
Collector Sweeping Systems for High Power Gyrotrons (2006)

Two collector sweeping concepts for high power gyrotrons will be presented: conventional sweeping using a solenoid sweeping coil and a newer design, where three pairs of elliptical sweeping coils create a rotating magnetic field.
Polyaniline‐supported acid catalyst: Esterification of cinnamic acid with alcohols (2005)

Abstract Polyaniline‐supported acid salts such as polyaniline‐hydrochloride, polyaniline‐sulfate, and polyaniline‐nitrate were prepared by oxidation of aniline using benzoyl peroxide and ammonium persulfate as oxidizing agents. Polyaniline salts were used as catalysts in the esterification of cinnamic acid with alcohols. Polyaniline‐sulfate salt was found to be the best catalyst for the esterification of cinnamic acid. The reusability, handling, and recovery of the catalyst were found to be good. The yield of the ester depended on the type of the polyaniline salt, amount of the catalyst, amount of alcohol, and both the time and the temperature of the reaction. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 96: 1584–1590, 2005
Role of cell-binding in the antibacterial mechanism of lactoferricin B. (1993)

The antibacterial cell-binding properties of lactoferricin B, a potent bactericidal peptide derived from bovine lactoferrin, were investigated for the first time. To facilitate measurements of binding the peptide was radiolabelled by reduction and treatment with iodo-[1-14C]acetamide. 14C-lactoferricin B bound rapidly to the surface of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The rate of binding was consistent with the rapid rate of killing caused by this peptide. The extent of binding was reduced in the presence of Mg2+ or Ca2+ ions which act to reduce its antimicrobial effectiveness. The optimal pH for binding was strain-dependent and the killing effect was maximal near the optimal pH for cell binding with each strain tested. These observations indicate that direct interaction of lactoferricin B with the cell surface is necessary for its lethal effect. The number of peptide molecules bound (> 10(6) per cell) was more than would be expected for binding to specific protein receptors. Lactoferricin B inhibited bacterial uptake of 3H-proline with effectiveness similar to polymyxin B, a known membrane-disruptive agent. The cell-binding event appears to lead to a disruption of normal permeability functions of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Maternal Serum Levels of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Are Associated With Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (2000)

Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is expressed in the chorionic villous stroma of the human placenta, and maternal serum levels during pregnancy are higher than in nonpregnant women. Studies in mice show that M-CSF stimulates receptor-bearing placental trophoblasts. The present study examined changes in serum M-CSF through pregnancy and possible correlations with pregnancy outcomes. In 206 nulliparous and 304 multiparous women, samples were obtained to estimate M-CSF by enzyme immunoassay at 13 to 17 weeks’ gestation, 24 to 27 weeks’ gestation, onset of labor, and 6 weeks postpartum. Some form of hypertension was present in 88 instances. Maternal serum levels of M-CSF increased 111 percent from the end of the fist trimester to the end of gestation in normal nulliparous pregnancies. Those with adverse outcomes, in contrast, had only a 36 percent increase. M-CSF levels increased 70 percent during the last two trimesters of multiparous pregnancies but only 4 percent in those with adverse outcomes, and levels declined 23 percent in women who developed preeclampsia. In the overall study population, M-CSF levels at 13 to 17 weeks’ gestation were higher in pregnancies ending in preterm delivery or a low-birthweight infant than in normal pregnancies. The change in levels from that point to labor/delivery was less in preeclamptic pregnancies than in all others. Both absolute levels of maternal serum M-CSF and relative changes during the course of pregnancy correlate with adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially preterm delivery and low birthweight. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2000;89:19–25
Electron beam induced deposition of residual hydrocarbons in the presence of a multiwall carbon nanotube (2009)

Amorphous carbon deposited via electron beam induced deposition (EBID) is frequently used to make a low-temperature Ohmic contact with low electrical resistance and improved mechanical characteristics of the multiwall nanotube (MWNT) substrate or MWNT-MWNT interface. However, influence of the MWNT on the EBID process has not been quantified. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the growth dynamics of EBID of residual hydrocarbons in presence of a MWNT. We demonstrate that the properties of MWNT do not impact amorphous carbon deposition process.
Application on in situ PCR methods in histochemistry (1995)

Since the publication of the first report regarding the in situ amplification of HIV-1 gag gene in a HIV-l infected cell line in 1990, there has been an explosion of research in the area of in situ PCR. There are over 200 publications describing various forms of in situ gene, identifying various infectious agents, tumor marker genes and other genetic elements of interest, in peer reviewed journals (reviewed in 2-15). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for amplification of defined gene sequences has proved a valuable tool not only for basic researchers but also for clinical scientists. Using even a minute amount of DNA or RNA and choosing a thermostable enzyme from a large variety of sources, one can enlarge the amount of the gene of interest, which can be analyzed and/or sequenced. Thus genes or portions of gene sequences present only in a small sample of cells or small fraction of mixed cellular populations can be examined.
Liquid Crystals: Colloid‐in‐Liquid Crystal Gels that Respond to Biomolecular Interactions (Small 16/2013) (2013)

The response of a thin film of a gel comprised of liquid crystal (LC) and colloids that is immersed in water is reported on page 2785 by S. K. Pal, N. L. Abbott, and co-workers. The time-lapse polarized light micrographs are shown in the image in a clockwise direction.