gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Boehmite Precursor on Aluminosilicate Aerogel Pore Structure, Phase Stability and Resistance to Densification at High Temperatures (2011)

Aluminosilicate aerogels are of interest as constituents of thermal insulation systems for use at temperatures higher than those attainable with silica aerogels. It is anticipated that their effectiveness as thermal insulators will be influenced by their morphology, pore size distribution, physical and skeletal densities. The present study focuses on the synthesis of aluminosilicate aerogel from a variety of Boehmite (precursors as the Al source, and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as the Si source, and the influence of starting powder on pore structure and thermal stability.
Maternal Plasma RNA Sequencing for Genome-Wide Transcriptomic Profiling and Identification of Pregnancy-Associated Transcripts (2014)

Plasma RNA sequencing provides a holistic view of the maternal plasma transcriptomic repertoire. This technology is potentially valuable for using circulating plasma nucleic acids for prenatal testing and research.
Speaker identification in the presence of packet losses (2004)

Gaussian mixture model (GMM)-based speaker identification systems have proved remarkably accurate for large populations using reasonable lengths of high-quality test utterances. Test utterances, however, acquired from cellular telephones or over the Internet (VoIP) may have dropouts due to packet loss. In our research, we have demonstrated that for small packet sizes, these losses can result in degraded accuracy of the speaker identification system. It is shown that by training the GMM model with lossy speech packets, corresponding to the loss rate experienced by the speaker to be identified, significant performance improvement is obtained. In order to avoid the prior estimation of the packet loss rate experienced by the test subject, we propose an algorithm to identify the user based on maximizing the a posteriori probability over the GMM models of the users, trained with several packet loss rates. It is shown that the proposed algorithm provides excellent identification performance.
A 7-Nm Dual Port 8T SRAM with Duplicated Inter-Port Write Data to Mitigate Write Disturbance (2018)

Two read-write 8T dual port static random accessmemories (SRAMs) suffer write disturb issue when both of its ports are accessed simultaneously. Write disturb is detrimental at low voltages in deep submicron technologies due to increased variations. This paper proposes a duplicated inter-port write data to mitigate write disturb in dual port SRAM design targeted on 7-nm FinFET TSMC technology. We have implemented duplicated inter-port write by employing two NMOS switches per bit line. We choose moderate sizes for these switches to have abalanced trade-off between area and duplication of inter-port write data. With NMOS switch size of nfin=4, we significantly suppress the write disturb and improve the write time by 2.16x at low voltage of 0.63V. Moreover, at further low voltages of 0.585V and 0.54V, our design achieves write time improvement over single port access.
Method for Evaluating Human Exposure to 60 HZ Electric Fields (1984)

This paper describes a method that has been successfully used to evaluate human exposure to 60 Hz electric fields. An exposure measuring system that uses an electric field sensor vest and data collection instrumentation is presented. Exposure concepts and activity factors are discussed and experimental data collected with the exposure system are provided. This method can be used to measure exposure to a wide range of electric field with intensities from less than 1 V/m to more than 10 kV/m. Results may be translated to characterize various exposure criteria (time histogram of unperturbed field, surface fields, internal current density, total body current, etc).
A Bacterial/Yeast Merged Two-Hybrid System (2007)

Yeast two-hybrid systems are artificial genetic systems that allow identification and characterization of protein-protein interactions. One common limit to the use of these techniques is when the intrinsic property of "bait" proteins of interest transcriptionally autoactivates reporters, eliminating the basis for interaction detection. To circumvent this problem, autoactivating baits can be alternatively used in bacteria wherein such activation does not occur. A single-vector system has been developed, which can be used either in yeast or in bacteria, streamlining and expanding capacity for protein-protein interaction screens. A concise proposal is provided for use of this system in bacteria; a companion article, chapter 15, describes use of the system in yeast.
Machine Translation Using Overlapping Alignments and SampleRank (2009)

We present a conditional-random-field approach to discriminatively-trained phrasebased machine translation in which training and decoding are both cast in a sampling framework and are implemented uniformly in a new probabilistic programming language for factor graphs. In traditional phrase-based translation, decoding infers both a Viterbi alignment and the target sentence. In contrast, in our approach, a rich overlappingphrase alignment is produced by a fast deterministic method, while probabilistic decoding infers only the target sentence, which is then able to leverage arbitrary features of the entire source sentence, target sentence and alignment. By using SampleRank for learning we could in principle efficiently estimate hundreds of thousands of parameters. Testtime decoding is done by MCMC sampling with annealing. To demonstrate the potential of our approach we show preliminary experiments leveraging alignments that may contain overlapping bi-phrases.
CMOS-compatible athermal silicon microring resonators (2010)

We propose a new class of resonant silicon optical devices, consisting of a ring resonator coupled to a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is passively temperature compensated by tailoring the optical mode confinement in the waveguides. We demonstrate operation of the device over a wide temperature range of 80 degrees. The fundamental principle behind this work can be extended to other photonic devices based on resonators such as modulators, routers, switches and filters.
28.4 A 12b 330MS/s pipelined-SAR ADC with PVT-stabilized dynamic amplifier achieving <1dB SNDR variation (2017)

In high-speed pipeline or pipelined-SAR ADCs, conventional opamp-based residue amplifiers consume significant amounts of power due to stringent settling speed and accuracy requirements. A recent alternative approach employs a dynamic amplifier [1] to achieve a more efficient form of settling, stemming from the fact that slewing is more power efficient than exponential settling (Fig. 28.4.1). For example, at 6b accuracy, the setting time of a dynamic amplifier is about a quarter of that of a conventional opamp (non-slewing) with the same bias current. However, the efficiency of the dynamic amplifier is accompanied by a few undesirable features such as ill-defined gain, and PVT and clock jitter sensitivity. In particular, as the voltage gain of a dynamic amplifier relates to the non-constant transconductance, load capacitance and slewing time (g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">mA</sub> , C <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LA</sub> and t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> , respectively, in Fig. 28.4.1), it can drift dramatically with PVT variations. One way to compensate for gain instability is to employ continuous background calibration. However, most of these calibrations require some constraints on the statistical property of the input signal and suffer from long convergence time and design complexity. This paper presents a simple analog approach to effectively stabilize the voltage gain over PVT variations.
A Classification Based Framework for Concept Summarization (Poster) (2011)

In this paper we propose a novel classification based framework for finding a small number of images summarizing a concept. Our method exploits metadata information available with the images to get the category information using Latent Dirichlet Allocation. We modify the import vector machine formulation based on kernel logistic regression to solve the underlying classification problem. We show that the import vectors provide a good summary satisfying important properties such as coverage, diversity and balance. Furthermore, the framework allows users to specify desired distributions over category, time etc, that a summary should satisfy. Experimental results show that the proposed method performs better than state-of-the-art summarization methods in terms of satisfying important visual and semantic properties.
Effect of Infrared Baking on Wheat Flour Tortilla Characteristics (1999)

ABSTRACT A new and improved method for baking wheat flour tortillas was evaluated. The method was faster and reduced tortilla dehydration. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of the infrared baking method on rollability, puffing, layering, color (lightness), and texture (cutting force and tensile strength) characteristics of wheat tortillas formulated and formed by the traditional (hand‐rolled) and commercial (hot‐press) methods. These tortillas were also compared with traditional tortillas cooked on a hot griddle and commercial tortillas cooked in a three‐tier, gas‐fired oven. In the infrared radiation (IR) method, tortillas were baked for 17 or 19 sec by IR using black‐body radiation at a selected wavelength band and emission temperatures of 549 or 584°C. IR‐baked tortillas showed good characteristics of rollability, puffing, layering, color, and texture. The loss of moisture during baking of the tortillas formed by hot‐pressing and baked by IR was significantly lower than that of tortillas baked by traditional and commercial methods. X‐ray diffraction of tortillas prepared by the traditional process and baked by the IR method showed a pattern similar to that of homemade tortillas baked on a hot griddle. The average energy used by the IR oven was less than that used in the commercial method which, in turn, is more efficient than the traditional hot griddle method.
Optical excitation of atomic force microscopy cantilever for accurate spectroscopic measurements (2019)

Reliable operation of frequency modulation mode atomic force microscopy (FM-AFM) depends on a clean resonance of an AFM cantilever. It is recognized that the spurious mechanical resonances which originate from various mechanical components in the microscope body are excited by a piezoelectric element that is intended for exciting the AFM cantilever oscillation and these spurious resonance modes cause the serious undesirable signal artifacts in both frequency shift and dissipation signals. We present an experimental setup to excite only the oscillation of the AFM cantilever in a fiber-optic interferometer system using optical excitation force. While the optical excitation force is provided by a separate laser light source with a different wavelength (excitation laser : λ = 1310 nm), the excitation laser light is still guided through the same single-mode optical fiber that guides the laser light (detection laser : λ = 1550 nm) used for the interferometric detection of the cantilever deflection. We present the details of the instrumentation and its performance. This setup allows us to eliminate the problems associated with the spurious mechanical resonances such as the apparent dissipation signal and the inaccuracy in the resonance frequency measurement.
Novel Diarylurea Based Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor: Evaluation of Importance of 6-Pyrrolidinylpyridinyl Substitution (2017)

Allosteric modulators of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor have recently been reported as an alternative approach to modulate the CB1 receptor for therapeutic benefits. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of a series of diarylureas derived from PSNCBAM-1 (2). Similar to 2, these diarylureas dose-dependently inhibited CP55,940-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding while enhancing [<sup>3</sup>H]CP55,940 binding to the CB1 receptor. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the pyridinyl ring of 2 could be replaced by other aromatic rings and the pyrrolidinyl ring is not required for CB1 allosteric modulation. 34 (RTICBM-74) had similar potencies as 2 in all in vitro assays but showed significantly improved metabolic stability to rat liver microsomes. More importantly, 34 was more effective than 2 in attenuating the reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior in rats, demonstrating the potential of this diarylurea series as promising candidates for the development of relapse treatment of cocaine addiction.
Continuous Prediction of Streaming Video QoE Using Dynamic Networks (2017)

Streaming video data accounts for a large portion of mobile network traffic. Given the throughput and buffer limitations that currently affect mobile streaming, compression artifacts and rebuffering events commonly occur. Being able to predict the effects of these impairments on perceived video quality of experience (QoE) could lead to improved resource allocation strategies enabling the delivery of higher quality video. Toward this goal, we propose a first of a kind continuous QoE prediction engine. Prediction is based on a nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous outputs. Our QoE prediction model is driven by three QoE-aware inputs: An objective measure of perceptual video quality, rebuffering-aware information, and a QoE memory descriptor that accounts for recency. We evaluate our method on a recent QoE dataset containing continuous time subjective scores.
<title>Three-dimensional image processing, recognition, and security</title> (2000)

We present several methods for optoelectronic processing of 2- and 3-D images based in digital holography. 2D objects are optically encrypted by using on-axis digital holography. The digital hologram is obtained with phase-shifting interferometry. The encryption of the hologram is performed by using random phase codes. As conventional holograms, digital holograms contain information about shape, location and orientation of 3-D objects. This allows us to apply 3-D pattern recognition techniques with high discrimination. We also measure 3-D orientation changes using the information contained in digital holograms. Experimental results are presented.
Inductive Sensing to Detect Tissue Thickness Between Magnets for Potential Application in Magnetic Compression Based Anastomosis (2016)

Magnetic compression based anastomoses use magnetic force to necrose tissue between two magnets to create an anastomosis. Nickel-plated neodymium–iron–boron magnets are used in our study. The compression pressure between the magnets depends on the distance between the magnets, which is determined by the thickness of the compressed tissue and depends on bowel wall thickness and elasticity. It is critical to know the distance between the magnets once the tissue is compressed because the magnets must be within a critical distance of each other in order to create enough compressive force to necrose the tissue. We have developed an inductance sensor to detect the distance (tissue thickness) between the two magnets after the surgeon has deployed them. Inductance sensing is a contact-less sensing method that enables precise short-range detection of conducting surfaces. The inductor coil mounted on one magnet detects the second magnet by measuring the change in inductance due to eddy current induced on the nickel-plated surface of the second magnet. The change in the inductance is proportional to the change in distance between the magnets. The sensor was first calibrated by using polycarbonate sheets to simulate the intestine tissue. We are able to detect up to 6 mm of spacing between the magnets. Pig intestine from Yorkshire pigs was used to characterize the sensor. We are able to distinguish up to five distinct layers of the intestine from the large intestine. This sensing mechanism can indicate the operating surgeon the exact thickness of the tissue compressed between the two magnets. The surgeon can thus be sure of formation of a clean anastomosis and avoid the likelihood of the magnets sliding away or uncoupling.
Additive-pulse mode-locked NaCl:OH^−laser (1989)

The operation of an additive-pulse mode-locked NaCl:OH(-) color-center laser is described. Stable output pulses as short as 75 fsec have been obtained. The laser is tunable from 1.51 to 1.65microm, with 300 mW of average output power at 1.6 microm.
Assessment of a novel stentless mitral valve using a pulsatile mitral valve simulator. (2012)

Within the environment of the mitral valve simulator, the novel SMV prepared from bovine pericardium demonstrated excellent performance characteristics, and may represent a potential future alternative for bioprosthetic stented mitral valves.
Multistage linear DS-CDMA receivers (2002)

Through an analytical study of both parallel interference cancellation and decorrelating detection in a DS-CDMA scheme, we derive a simple improvement of previous structures to achieve better bit error rate performance.
One‐Step Synthesis of Highly Water‐Soluble Magnetite Colloidal Nanocrystals (2007)

A high-temperature solution-phase hydrolysis approach has been developed for the synthesis of colloidal magnetite nanocrystals with well-controlled size and size distribution, high crystallinity, and high water solubility. The synthesis was accomplished by the hydrolysis and reduction of iron(III) cations in diethylene glycol with a rapidly injected solution of sodium hydroxide at an elevated temperature. The high reaction temperature allows for control over size and size distribution and yields highly crystalline products. The superior water solubility is achieved by using a polyelectrolyte, that is, poly(acrylic acid) as the capping agent, the carboxylate groups of which partially bind to the nanocrystal surface and partially extend into the surrounding water. The direct synthesis of water-soluble nanocrystals eliminates the need for additional surface modification steps which are usually required for treating hydrophobic nanocrystals produced in nonpolar solvents through the widely recognized pyrolysis route. The abundant carboxylate groups on the nanocrystal surface allow further modifications, such as bioconjugation, as demonstrated by linking cysteamine to the particle surface. The monodisperse, highly water-soluble, superparamagnetic, and biocompatible magnetite nanocrystals should find immediate important biomedical applications.
Improvements on ip header compression: a performance study (2004)

Due to bandwidth constraints on the wireless link in an IP network, it is useful to compress the headers so as to maximize the utilization of the link. Different header compression schemes have been proposed. Some make use of the similarity in consecutive headers in a packet flow to compress these headers. These are called here time compression, as they acquire the compression information over the time length of a flow. Another scheme introduced recently makes use of the similarity in consecutive flows from or to a given mobile terminal to compress these headers. This we call a space compression, as it uses information about the distribution of flows over the destination address space. We present here a comparison of these two classes of header compression algorithm-time and space- and of a third one that combines them. The combined algorithm significantly outperforms traditional header compression algorithm. We evaluate the compression scheme with respect to actual Internet data traces.
Fourier Domain Mode Locking (FDML) in the non-zero dispersion regime: A laser for ultrahigh-speed retinal OCT imaging at 236kHz line rate (2007)

Fourier domain mode locking (FDML) in the 1070 nm wavelength range is investigated. Problems, design rules and the performance of an FDML laser with a dispersive cavity are discussed. Retinal OCT imaging at 236 kHz is demonstrated.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Properties of Barium Titanate-Potassium Niobate Solid Solution System Ceramics by MPB Engineering (2010)

Barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) - potassium niobate (KNbO3, KN) solid solution system (0.5BT-0.5KN) ceramics with various microstructures were prepared by conventional sintering method and two-step sintering method using BT and KN nanoparticles. Their microstructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was confirmed that two ferroelectric phases, i.e., BT-rich tetragonal and KN-rich orthorhombic phases, always coexisted for all ceramics, which suggested that 0.5BT-0.5KN ceramics had “pseudo-morphotropic phase boundary (MPB)” structure. Thus, the control of the interface area between two phases was important to enhance piezoelectric property. Finally, their piezoelectric property was measured, and the apparent piezoelectric constant d33* increased with increasing interface area.
The chemistry and engineering of polymeric hydrogel adhesives for wound closure: a tutorial (2015)

The closure and repair of wounds after traumatic or surgical injury is of significant clinical and research importance. While sutures remain the common wound closure technique, they have many disadvantages. Consequently, polymeric hydrogel adhesives have emerged as essential materials for wound management and repair because of their tunable chemical and physical properties, which enable them to adhere or stick to tissues, possess sufficient mechanical strength to stay intact and be subsequently removed, provide complete wound occlusion, and act as a barrier to bacterial infection. Moreover, these materials absorb wound exudates and keep the wound moist for faster healing. This tutorial review summarizes the key chemical features that enabled the development and use of polymeric hydrogels as wound adhesives, sealants, and hemostats, their design requirements, synthetic routes, determination of properties, and the tests needed to evaluate their performances. This tutorial review is a reference and a starting point for scientists and clinicians working or interested in the field of wound management and, importantly, for the general audience who is interested in polymers for medical applications.
The modular pipeline fast Fourier transform algorithm and architecture (2004)

This paper examines the modular pipeline fast Fourier transform algorithm and architecture. This algorithm couples a pair of /spl radic/N-point FFT units with a center element to facilitate the efficient computation of N-point FFTs. The fundamental algorithm as well as an example pipeline FFT architecture are presented. Modular pipeline implementations substantially reduce the total number of delay elements. As a result, in a system where dynamic power is a concern, a reduction in total power consumption is achieved. The center element contains coefficient and data memory as well as addressing, routing, and control logic. This architecture encourages reusability in the FFT modules and provides equivalent throughput to conventional pipeline FFT architectures.