gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying Downhole Real-Time Data and Composite IPR Technology To Optimize Production of Multiple-Zone Intelligent Wells (2007)

Abstract The application of intelligent well technology has greatly increased, however, integrating real-time data into a reservoir management work flow, and accurately predicting the hydrocarbon delivery to meet optimization requirement is still an elusive task. This paper presents a single intelligent well optimization strategy and composite IPR technology to fill this gap. By referencing individual zone production to one nodal reference point, a general model was developed to combine the fluid flow from individual zones. The model integrates each individual zone's IPR with the production constraint equipment's flow performance to generate composite IPR's corresponding to the relative ICV choke setting. By integrating this composite-IPR with tubing flow performance, the hydrocarbon deliverability of the intelligent well and production fluid allocation of each zone can be reasonably predicted. Furthermore, to convert the real-time monitoring data into tangible value, this paper has proposed a two intelligent well optimization strategies. By combining the gauge data with a real-time flow distribution model, the production allocations of individual zones can be predicted. The composite IPRs provide operators reliable data to accurately predict the hydrocarbon delivery of the well and enable them to make decisions to meet optimization requirements. Assuming a hypothetical two-zone intelligent well case, a computer model was developed to demonstrate this composite IPR method. This work provides engineers with a reliable tool for designing, analyzing and optimizing the production and downhole ICV operations of the multiple zone intelligent production well.
Using the Karhunen-Loe've transformation in the back-propagation training algorithm (1991)

A novel training approach based on the back-propagation algorithm is introduced. In the proposed approach, initially, a set of training vectors is obtained by applying the Karhunen-Loe've transform on the training patterns. The training is first started in the direction of the major eigenvectors of the correlation matrix of the training patterns and then continues by gradually including the remaining components, in their order of significance. With this approach, the number of computations is significantly reduced and the learning rate is improved. The performance of this method is compared with the standard back-propagation algorithm in segmenting a synthetic noisy image.
Cell-conditioned multistage vector quantization (1991)

Two-stage vector quantization (2VQ) reduces the complexity of single-stage VQ at the cost of reduced performance. Cell-conditioned (CC) 2VQ is proposed to improve the performance of 2VQ, while retaining the advantage of reduced complexity. In CC2VQ, the error vector from the first stage is transformed prior to its quantization by second stage. The effect of transformation is to cause the size and orientation of different first-stage cells to be as similar as possible. It is shown theoretically that CC2VQ performs as well as single-stage VQ under asymptotic conditions. Some experimental results for the vector quantization of speech waveforms are presented to support these theoretical results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular cloning and DNA sequence analysis of a diphtheria tox iron-dependent regulatory element (dtxR) from Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (1990)

Although the structural gene for diphtheria toxin, tox, is carried by a family of closely related corynebacteriophages, the regulation of tox expression is controlled, to a large extent, by its bacterial host Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Optimal yields of tox gene products are obtained only when iron becomes the growth-rate-limiting substrate. Previous studies suggest that regulation of tox expression is mediated through an iron-binding aporepressor. To facilitate molecular cloning of the tox regulatory element from genomic libraries of C. diphtheriae, we constructed a tox promoter/operator (toxPO)-lacZ transcriptional fusion in Escherichia coli strain DH5 alpha. We report the molecular cloning and nucleic acid sequence of a diphtheria tox iron-dependent regulatory element, dtxR, and demonstrate that expression of beta-galactosidase from the toxPO-lacZ fusion is regulated by dtxR-encoded protein in an iron-sensitive manner. In addition, we show that expression of the toxPO-lacZ fusion is not affected by the E. coli iron-regulatory protein Fur and that the dtxR protein does not inhibit expression of fur-regulated outer-membrane proteins.
Companion interview (2022)

 Heather Bacon is the veterinary educationalist charged with developing the curriculum for the new vet degree course to be offered by the University of Central Lancashire. She is determined that the school will provide opportunities for students who, like her, are members of the first generation in their family to benefit from a university education. John Bonner finds out more.
Measurements of the Refractive Index of Air Using Interference Refractometers (1986)

Comparisons have been carried out between interference refractometers built in different countries. Individual measurements of the refractive index of air have been made using air from the same sample volume. Direct comparison of refractometers was realized by coupling the instruments to the same air-inlet system. In order to compare the measured results the refractive index was also calculated from accurate measured values of pressure, temperature, humidity and CO2 content, using Edlén's formula. Most of the individual measurements show an agreement within 1 part in 107 while direct comparisons show an agreement within 5 parts in 108. Over a period of five days an increase in CO2 content of 400 ppm per day was measured in a 300 m3 laboratory room. The results show the great importance of correcting calculated results for the CO2 content of the air.
Consensus-based framework for illuminant chromaticity estimation (2008)

Several algorithms were proposed in the literature to recover the illuminant chromaticity of the original scene. These algorithms work well only when prior assumptions are satisfied, and the best and the worst algorithms may be different for different scenes. We investigate the idea of not relying on a single method but instead consider a consensus decision that takes into account the responses of several algorithms and adaptively chooses the algorithms to be combined. We investigate different combining strategies of state-of-the-art algorithms to improve the results in the illuminant chromaticity estimation. Single algorithms and combined ones are evaluated for both synthetic and real image databases using the angular error between the RGB triplets of the measured illuminant and the estimated one. Being interested in comparing the performance of the methods over large data sets, experimental results are also evaluated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Our experiments confirm that the best and the worst algorithms do not exist at all among the state-of-the-art ones and show that simple combining strategies improve the illuminant estimation.
Genetic Predisposition Scores Associate with Muscular Strength, Size, and Trainability (2013)

GPS for muscular phenotypes showed to be associated with baseline KES, muscle diameter, and the response to training in cardiac rehabilitation patients.
Comparative genomics of two jute species and insight into fibre biogenesis (2017)

Jute (Corchorus sp.) is one of the most important sources of natural fibre, covering ∼80% of global bast fibre production<sup>1</sup>. Only Corchorus olitorius and Corchorus capsularis are commercially cultivated, though there are more than 100 Corchorus species<sup>2</sup> in the Malvaceae family. Here we describe high-quality draft genomes of these two species and their comparisons at the functional genomics level to support tailor-designed breeding. The assemblies cover 91.6% and 82.2% of the estimated genome sizes for C. olitorius and C. capsularis, respectively. In total, 37,031 C. olitorius and 30,096 C. capsularis genes are identified, and most of the genes are validated by cDNA and RNA-seq data. Analyses of clustered gene families and gene collinearity show that jute underwent shared whole-genome duplication ∼18.66 million years (Myr) ago prior to speciation. RNA expression analysis from isolated fibre cells reveals the key regulatory and structural genes involved in fibre formation. This work expands our understanding of the molecular basis of fibre formation laying the foundation for the genetic improvement of jute.
Predictors of Improvement in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors With Weight Loss in Women (2013)

http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/. Unique identifier: NCT00640900.
INTERNATIONAL ABSTRACTS OF PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY (1989)

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK AMERICAN SOCIETY OF PLASTIC SURGEONS PLASTIC & RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY PRS GLOBAL OPEN ASPS EDUCATION NETWORK
Natural gas/pulverized-coal cofiring performance testing at an electric-utility boiler. Topical report, June-October 1986 (1987)

A field testing program was conducted at a 570-MW pulverized-coal electric-utility boiler to document the potential of cofiring natural gas with coal. The capacity of the gas equipment is 20% of the boiler rating. The report discusses the use of natural gas for sulfur control, smokeless start-ups, combustion improvement, control of furnace slag, carrying load during coal upsets and improving operation while firing potentially troublesome coals. Gas used for start-up and low load flame stabilization maintained precipitator cleanliness as confirmed by internal inspections. Testing documented the predicted change in flue-gas moisture concentration during cofiring. Also, the flue-gas acid dew point temperature was actually lowered by one to three degrees during cofiring. The optimization test program confirmed that gas use is a convenient and reliable method for maintaining production during coal upsets. The 120-MW design capacity of the gas system was achieved. Gas cofiring can be implemented to achieve an immediate reduction in SO/sub 2/ emissions. This gives greater coal-blending flexibility, while insuring that no SO/sub 2/ violations need occur. Utilizing the warm-up guns resulted in a 15% reduction in nitric oxide emissions.
Sampling technique to discriminate the different tissue layers of growing antler tips for gene discovery (2002)

The utilization of a deer antler model to study gene expression in tissues undergoing rapid growth has been hampered by an inability to sample the different tissue types. We report here a standardized procedure to identify different tissue types in growing antler tips and demonstrate that it can help in the classification of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). The procedure was developed using observable morphological markers within the unstained tissue at collection, and was validated by histological assessments and virtual Northern blotting. Four red deer antlers were collected at 60 days of growth and the tips (top 5 cm) were then removed. The following observable markers were identified distoproximally: the dermis (4.86 mm), the subdermal bulge (2.90 mm), the discrete columns (6.50 mm), the transition zone (a mixture of discrete and continuous columns) (3.22 mm), and the continuous columns (8.00 mm). The histological examination showed that these markers corresponded to the dermis, reserve mesenchyme, precartilage, transitional tissue from precartilage to cartilage, and cartilage, respectively. The gene expression studies revealed that these morphologically identified layers were functionally distinct tissue types and had distinct gene expression profiles. We believe that precisely defining these tissue types in growing antler tips will greatly facilitate new discoveries in this exciting field.
General Synthesis of Manganese-Doped II−VI and III−V Semiconductor Nanowires (2005)

A general approach for the synthesis of manganese-doped II-VI and III-V nanowires based on metal nanocluster-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition has been developed. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies of Mn-doped CdS, ZnS, and GaN nanowires demonstrate that the nanowires are single-crystal structures and homogeneously doped with controllable concentrations of manganese ions. Photoluminescence measurements of individual Mn-doped CdS and ZnS nanowires show characteristic pseudo-tetrahedral Mn2+ ((4)T1-->(6)A1) transitions that match the corresponding transitions in bulk single-crystal materials well. Photoluminescence studies of Mn-doped GaN nanowires suggest that manganese is incorporated as a neutral (Mn3+) dopant that partially quenches the GaN band-edge emission. The general and controlled synthesis of nanowires doped with magnetic metal ions opens up opportunities for fundamental physical studies and could lead to the development of nanoscale spintronic devices.
Characterisation of agricultural land using signal processing and cognitive learning techniques (2002)

This paper presents the application of neural networks and singular value decomposition to agricultural land use classification. Neural networks (NN) have been found to have good generalization properties and their use is becoming increasingly prevalent in the field of remote sensing. However, there are a number of problems where neural networks do not necessarily provide an optimum solution, these include mixed pixel analysis, sub-class characterization and parameter extraction for use in bio-physical models. Typically the application of NN techniques to remote sensing involves using one NN to classify a large number of land-cover classes. The authors have found this approach to be inefficient and inaccurate, a modular approach is therefore implemented which is more flexible. SVD has previously been used to classify agricultural species with accuracies approaching 95% and has also been used to characterise subclasses of winter wheat. SVD and key vector analysis also enable parameters such as yield to be directly correlated with the output vectors. A holistic classification process has been developed by the author's which uses the best elements from neural networks and SVD. This paper applies these techniques to optical airborne data at varying resolution from 1 m to 5 m resolution. The area used for this work is a research farm in Bavaria, Germany, which comprises of a highly dynamic terrain with small field units. High resolution land-use maps and yield data have been produced for the research farm, using GPS equipment attached to crop harvesters. These maps are used to validate the results produced by the various techniques.
Effects of K<sup>+</sup>Channel Blockers on Developing Rat Myelinated CNS Axons: Identification of Four Types of K<sup>+</sup>Channels (2002)

Four blockers of voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv channels) were tested on the compound action potentials (CAPs) of rat optic nerves in an attempt to determine the regulation of Kv channel expression during the process of myelination. Before myelination occurred, 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) increased the amplitude, duration, and refractory period of the CAPs. On the basis of their pharmacological sensitivity, 4-AP-sensitive channels were divided in two groups, the one sensitive to kaliotoxin (KTX), dendrotoxin-I (DTX-I), and 4-AP, and the other sensitive only to 4-AP. In addition, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) applied alone broadened the CAPs. At the onset of myelination, DTX-I induced a more pronounced effect than KTX; this indicates that a fourth group of channels sensitive to 4-AP and DTX-I but insensitive to KTX had developed. The effects of KTX and DTX-I gradually disappeared during the period of myelination. Electron microscope findings showed that the disappearance of these effects was correlated with the ongoing process of myelination. This was confirmed by the fact that DTX-I and KTX enlarged the CAPs of demyelinated adult optic nerves. These results show that KTX- and DTX-sensitive channels are sequestrated in paranodal regions. During the process of myelination, KTX had less pronounced effects than DTX-I on demyelinated nerves, which suggests that the density of the KTX-sensitive channels decreased during this process. By contrast, 4-AP increased the amplitude, duration, and refractory period of the CAPs at all the ages tested and to a greater extent than KTX and DTX-I. The effects of TEA alone also gradually disappeared during this period. However, effects of TEA on CAPs were observed when this substance was applied after 4-AP to the adult optic nerve; this shows that TEA-sensitive channels are not masked by the myelin sheath. In conclusion, the process of myelination seems to play an important part in the regulation and setting of Kv channels in optic nerve axons.
A Significant Correlation between Melatonin Deficiency and Endometrial Cancer (1998)

Endometrial cancer is the most common pelvic genital cancer in women. Its incidence is increasing. Unlike the successful screening method for cervical cancer, there is no such equivalent procedure for the early diagnosis of endometrial cancer. Screening procedures currently being tested are too insensitive and nonspecific while diagnostics are either too complex or invasive. In Austria, a multicenter study was begun to search for parameters appropriate for a screening program. 138 women were selected based on anamnestic, serologic and cytologic risk factors. 68 women were diagnosed with endometrial cancer, 70 patients had abnormal bleeding. There were no significant differences in age and menopausal status. Secondary diseases including diabetes mellitus, hypertonia and adipositas were evenly distributed in both groups. In addition to the routine hormone analyses, we tested the patients' plasma for differences in melatonin levels. We found a significant correlation (p < 0.001) between melatonin plasma levels and the presence of endometrial cancer. The mean plasma melatonin value was 6.1 pg/ml in the cancer-positive group and 33.2 pg/ml in the cancer-negative control group resulting in a 6-fold difference between the two groups. We conclude that decreasing melatonin plasma levels may be an indicator of endometrial cancer and that this may therefore be used as a reliable screening parameter.
“Double-DIP”: Unsupervised Image Decomposition via Coupled Deep-Image-Priors (2019)

Many seemingly unrelated computer vision tasks can be viewed as a special case of image decomposition into separate layers. For example, image segmentation (separation into foreground and background layers); transparent layer separation (into reflection and transmission layers); Image dehazing (separation into a clear image and a haze map), and more. In this paper we propose a unified framework for unsupervised layer decomposition of a single image, based on coupled "Deep-image-Prior" (DIP) networks. It was shown [Ulyanov et al] that the structure of a single DIP generator network is sufficient to capture the low-level statistics of a single image. We show that coupling multiple such DIPs provides a powerful tool for decomposing images into their basic components, for a wide variety of applications. This capability stems from the fact that the internal statistics of a mixture of layers is more complex than the statistics of each of its individual components. We show the power of this approach for Image-Dehazing, Fg/Bg Segmentation, Watermark-Removal, Transparency Separation in images and video, and more. These capabilities are achieved in a totally unsupervised way, with no training examples other than the input image/video itself.
Generic object recognition with boosting (2006)

This paper explores the power and the limitations of weakly supervised categorization. We present a complete framework that starts with the extraction of various local regions of either discontinuity or homogeneity. A variety of local descriptors can be applied to form a set of feature vectors for each local region. Boosting is used to learn a subset of such feature vectors (weak hypotheses) and to combine them into one final hypothesis for each visual category. This combination of individual extractors and descriptors leads to recognition rates that are superior to other approaches which use only one specific extractor/descriptor setting. To explore the limitation of our system, we had to set up new, highly complex image databases that show the objects of interest at varying scales and poses, in cluttered background, and under considerable occlusion. We obtain classification results up to 81 percent ROC-equal error rate on the most complex of our databases. Our approach outperforms all comparable solutions on common databases.
Role of Pregnane X Receptor and Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Transcriptional Regulation of pxr, CYP2, and CYP3 Genes in Developing Zebrafish (2014)

Ligand-activated receptors regulate numerous genes, and mediate effects of a broad set of endogenous and exogenous chemicals in vertebrates. Understanding the roles of these transcription factors in zebrafish (Danio rerio) is important to the use of this non-mammalian model in toxicological, pharmacological, and carcinogenesis research. Response to a potential agonist for the pregnane X receptor (Pxr) [pregnenolone (PN)] was examined in developing zebrafish, to assess involvement of Pxr in regulation of selected genes, including genes in cytochrome P450 subfamilies CYP2 and CYP3. We also examined interaction of Pxr and the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) signaling pathways. Pregnenolone caused a dose-dependent increase in mRNA levels of pxr, ahr2, CYP1A, CYP2AA1, CYP2AA12, CYP3A65, and CYP3C1, most of which peaked at 3 µM PN. The well-known Ahr agonist 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126) also upregulated expression of pxr, ahr2, CYP1A, CYP2AA12, CYP3A65, and CYP3C1 in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of pxr translation by morpholino antisense oligonucleotides (MO) suppressed PN-induced expression of pxr, ahr2, CYP3A65, and CYP3C1 genes. Levels of CYP2AA1 and CYP2AA12 mRNA were increased in the control-MO group exposed to PN; this was prevented by knocking down Pxr. Similarly, Ahr2-MO treatment blocked PCB126-induced mRNA expression of pxr, CYP1A, CYP2AA12, CYP3A65, and CYP3C1. The present study shows self-regulation of pxr by PN in developing zebrafish. Selected zebrafish CYP1, CYP2 (including several CYP2AAs) and CYP3 genes appear to be under the regulation of both Pxr and Ahr2.
Voice driven type design (2015)

With voice driven type design (VDTD), we introduce a novel concept to present written information in the digital age. While the shape of a single typographical character has been treated as an unchangeable property until today, we present an innovative method to adjust the shape of each single character according to particular acoustic features in the spoken reference. Thereby, we allow to keep some individuality and to gain additional value in written text which offers different applications - providing meta-information in subtitles and chats, supporting deaf and hearing impaired people, illustrating intonation and accentuation in books for language learners, giving hints how to sing - up to artistic expression. By conducting a user study we have demonstrated that - using our proposed approach - loudness, pitch and speed can be represented visually by changing the shape of each character. By complementing homogeneous type design with these parameters, the original intention and characteristics of the speaker (personal expression and intonation) are better supported.