gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary Sodium in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Comprehensive Approach (2010)

Despite existing guidelines, dietary sodium intake among people worldwide often exceeds recommended limits. Research evidence is growing in both animal and human studies showing indirect and direct adverse consequences of high dietary sodium on the kidney. In patients with kidney disease, dietary sodium may have important effects on proteinuria, efficacy of antiproteinuric pharmacologic therapy, hypertension control, maintaining an optimal volume status, and immunosuppressant therapy. Dietary sodium intake is an important consideration in patients with all stages of chronic kidney disease, including those receiving dialysis therapy or those who have received a kidney transplant. We review in detail the dietary sodium recommendations suggested by various organizations for patients with kidney disease. Potential barriers to successfully translating current sodium intake guidelines into practice include poor knowledge about the sodium content of food among both patients and providers, complex labeling information, patient preferences related to taste, and limited support for modifications in public policy. Finally, we offer existing and potential solutions that may assist providers in educating and empowering patients to effectively manage their dietary sodium intake.
The Influence of Preparation on Semiconducting Rutile  ( TiO2 ) (1980)

Three processes for doping rutile crystals, vacuum, reduction, hydrogen reduction, and electrochemical hydrogen loading are considered. The mechanisms by which n‐type conductivity is produced, the relative disorder in the crystal, and the effects on photoelectrochemical behavior are compared for these different processes.
Nanoporous Palladium Hydride for Electrocatalytic N<sub>2</sub> Reduction under Ambient Conditions (2019)

The electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is an alternative eco-friendly strategy for sustainable N<sub>2</sub> fixation with renewable energy. However, NRR suffers from sluggish kinetics owing to difficult N<sub>2</sub> adsorption and N≡N cleavage. Now, nanoporous palladium hydride is reported as electrocatalyst for electrochemical N<sub>2</sub> reduction under ambient conditions, achieving a high ammonia yield rate of 20.4 μg h<sup>-1</sup> mg<sup>-1</sup> with a Faradaic efficiency of 43.6 % at low overpotential of 150 mV. Isotopic hydrogen labeling studies suggest the involvement of lattice hydrogen atoms in the hydride as active hydrogen source. In situ Raman analysis and density functional theory (DFT) calculations further reveal the reduction of energy barrier for the rate-limiting *N<sub>2</sub> H formation step. The unique protonation mode of palladium hydride would provide a new insight on designing efficient and robust electrocatalysts for nitrogen fixation.
An implementation of eye movement-driven biometrics in virtual reality (2018)

As eye tracking can reduce the computational burden of virtual reality devices through a technique known as foveated rendering, we believe not only that eye tracking will be implemented in all virtual reality devices, but that eye tracking biometrics will become the standard method of authentication in virtual reality. Thus, we have created a real-time eye movement-driven authentication system for virtual reality devices. In this work, we describe the architecture of the system and provide a specific implementation that is done using the FOVE head-mounted display. We end with an exploration into future topics of research to spur thought and discussion.
Management system of the IPv6 QoS Parallel Internet (2012)

The paper presents the management system of the IPv6 QoS Parallel Internet. The IPv6 QoS Parallel Internet has been developed as a part of the IIP System, which is the result of the project “Future Internet Engineering”. The architecture of the IIP System applies virtualization concept for supporting a number of Parallel Internets while using the same physical network infrastructure. The management system will be presented as well as exemplary cases of Parallel Internet and virtual network creation. The proposed solution has new functionalities related to virtualization of nodes and links in comparison to the management systems of autonomous IPv6 QoS networks.
Distributed Graph Hashing (2018)

Recently, hashing-based approximate nearest neighbors search has attracted considerable attention, especially in big data applications, due to its low computation cost and fast retrieval speed. In the literature, most of the existing hashing algorithms are centralized. However, in many large-scale applications, the data are often stored or collected in a distributed manner. In this situation, the centralized hashing methods are not suitable for learning hash functions. In this paper, we consider the distributed learning to hash problem. We propose a novel distributed graph hashing model for learning efficient hash functions based on the data distributed across multiple agents over network. The graph hashing model involves a graph matrix, which contains the similarity information in the original space. We show that the graph matrix in the proposed distributed hashing model can be decomposed into multiple local graph matrices, and each local graph matrix can be constructed by a specific agent independently, with moderate communication and computation cost. Then, the whole objective function of the distributed hashing model can be represented by the sum of local objective functions of multiple agents, and the hashing problem can be formulated as a nonconvex constrained distributed optimization problem. For tractability, we transform the nonconvex constrained distributed optimization problem into an equivalent bi-convex distributed optimization problem. Then we propose two algorithms based on the idea of alternating direction method of multipliers to solve this problem in a distributed manner. We show that the proposed two algorithms have moderate communication and computational complexities, and both of them are scalable. Experiments on benchmark datasets are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Robust And Recursive Radar Pulse Train Parameter Estimators (1996)

Two robust and recursive techniques for estimating the pulse repetition interval (PRI) of a periodic radar pulse train are compared and discussed. The first technique employs a filter approach using mixture distribution methods designed to specifically deal with, and indeed work with, missing pulses. The second technique uses a single processing neuron with adaptive step length in gradient descent. The advantages and merits of the techniques are assessed compared to each other and also to an earlier and more conventional approach to the problem. 1. INTRODUCTION Most radars emit a sequence of pulses whose times of arrivals (TOAs) are regularly spaced. That is to say they have a definite, characteristic PRI. Accurate estimation of the radar&apos;s PRI is hence considered an important problem. Even so, the recorded TOA sequence is typically noisy due to missing and spurious pulses as well as any timing jitter that distort the TOA measurements. In addition, the pulse train&apos;s PRI could drift o...
Applications of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology in Model‐Informed Drug Discovery: Perspective on Impact and Opportunities (2019)

Quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) approaches have been increasingly applied in the pharmaceutical since the landmark white paper published in 2011 by a National Institutes of Health working group brought attention to the discipline. In this perspective, we discuss QSP in the context of other modeling approaches and highlight the impact of QSP across various stages of drug development and therapeutic areas. We discuss challenges to the field as well as future opportunities.
On the mechanism of photodoping in vitreous chalcogenides (1990)

Abstract New data concerning the mechanism of photodissolution of metals in vitreous semiconductors are reported. These data give evidence that (1) for the photodissolution to occur the light must be absorbed in the vicinity of the doped/undoped chalcogenide interface, (2) the processes at the doped/undoped chalcogenide interface are the photodissolution limiting step and (3) silver diffuses through the doped film as Ag+ ions. A model is proposed assuming that the photodissolution is an intercalation reaction where the metal/doped chalcogenide interface acts as an electrode/solid electrolyte boundary and the role of light is mainly to lower the energy barrier at the doped/undoped chalcogenide interface which is supposed to be a p-n junction.
1,3-dioxolane pretreatment to improve the interfacial characteristics of a lithium anode (2006)

1,3-dioxolane (DOL ) 原来习惯于 pretreat 改进它的界面的特征的一个锂金属电极。电气化学的阻抗系列(EIS ) 大小揭示了那，在 DOL 预告的处理以后，锂电极界面的稳定性最好在在电解质并且作为重复充电的沉浸期间解除周期。pretreated 那在重复控告 / 解除周期以后有更光滑的形态学和更少的树突，这被 SEM 证明。必然地，得益于锂电极的更好的接口特征，有 DOL-pretreated 锂阳极的在那里应课税的锂电解槽有显然提高的排出的表演和更好的 cyclability。
Carbon nanotube oscillators toward zeptogram detection (2005)

We demonstrate an application of a nanotube cantilever for zeptogram-level mass detection. This letter presents a quantitative method to measure the oscillation amplitude of a nanotube cantilever using a focused electron beam of a scanning electron microscope. The quality factor of ∼1000 for the nanotube cantilever is revealed and the resolution of the resonant frequency is achieved to be ∼10Hz, which corresponds to a mass range of less than 100zg at room temperature.
Impact of Donor Graft Steatosis on Overall Outcome and Viral Recurrence After Liver Transplantation for Hepatitis C Virus Cirrhosis (2008)

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of donor graft steatosis on overall outcome, viral recurrence, and fibrosis progression in orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) cirrhosis. One hundred twenty patients who underwent OLT for HCV cirrhosis between 1995 and 2005 were included in the study. Donor steatosis was categorized as absent (0%-10%; n = 40), mild (10%-30%; n = 32), moderate (30%-60%; n = 29), or severe (>60%; n = 19). A Cox multivariate analysis for marginal donor variables and a Model for End-Stage Liver Disease index were performed. Fibrosis evolution was analyzed in liver biopsies (fibrosis < 2 or > or =2) 3, 6, and 12 months post-OLT and in the late post-OLT period. Fifty-six grafts were lost (46%). The survival of the grafts was inversely proportional to donor liver steatosis: 82%, 72%, and 72% at 1, 2, and 3 years post-OLT in the absence of steatosis; 73%, 63%, and 58% with mild steatosis; 74%, 62%, and 43% with moderate steatosis; and 62%, 49%, and 42% with severe steatosis (P = 0.012). HCV recurrence was earlier and more frequent in recipients with steatosis > 30% (46% versus 32% at 3 months, P = 0.017; 58% versus 43% at 6 months, P = 0.020; 70% versus 56% at 12 months, P = 0.058; and 95% versus 69% at 3 years post-OLT, P = 0.0001). Graft survival was lower in alcoholic liver disease recipients versus HCV recipients when steatosis was >30% at 3, 6, and 12 months post-OLT (P = 0.042) but not when steatosis was <30% (P = 0.53). A higher fibrosis score was obtained 3 months post-OLT (P = 0.033), 6 months post-OLT (P = 0.306), 12 months post-OLT (P = 0.035), and in the late post-OLT period (P = 0.009). In conclusion, donor graft steatosis influences the outcome of OLT for HCV cirrhosis. HCV recurrence is more frequent and earlier in recipients of moderately and severely steatotic livers. Fibrosis evolution is higher when graft steatosis is >30%. OLT with >30% steatotic donor livers should be precluded in HCV recipients.
Plasma-enhanced catalysis for the upgrading of methane: a review of modelling and simulation methods (2020)

Modelling methods and simulation works on the upgrading of methane <italic>via</italic> plasma and plasma-enhanced catalysis reviewed.
The Vaccinia Virus O1 Protein Is Required for Sustained Activation of Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2 and Promotes Viral Virulence (2011)

Sustained activation of the Raf/MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in infected cells has been shown to be crucial for full replication efficiency of orthopoxviruses in cell culture. In infected cells, this pathway is mainly activated by the vaccinia virus growth factor (VGF), an epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like protein. We show here that chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA), but not modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), induced sustained activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) in infected human 293 cells, although both viruses direct secretion of functional VGF. A CVA mutant lacking the O1L gene (CVA-ΔO1L) demonstrated that the O1 protein was required for sustained upregulation of the ERK1/2 pathway in 293 cells as well as in other mammalian cell lines. The highly conserved orthopoxvirus O1L gene encodes a predicted 78-kDa protein with a hitherto-unknown function. CVA-ΔO1L showed reduced plaque size and an attenuated cytopathic effect (CPE) in infected cell cultures and reduced virulence and spread from lungs to ovaries in intranasally infected BALB/c mice. Reinsertion of an intact O1L gene into MVA, which in its original form harbors a fragmented O1L open reading frame (ORF), restored ERK1/2 activation in 293 cells but did not increase replication and spread of MVA in human or other mammalian cell lines. Thus, the O1 protein was crucial for sustained ERK1/2 activation in CVA- and MVA-infected human cells, complementing the autocrine function of VGF, and enhanced virulence in vivo.
High‐resolution magnetization‐prepared 3D‐FLAIR imaging at 7.0 Tesla (2010)

The aim of the present study is to develop a submillimeter volumetric (three-dimensional) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence at 7T. Implementation of the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence is difficult as increased T(1) weighting from prolonged T(1) constants at 7T dominate the desired T(2) contrast and yield suboptimal signal-to-noise ratio. Magnetization preparation was used to reduce T(1) weighting and improve the T(2) weighting. Also, practical challenges limit the implementation. Long refocusing trains with low flip angles were used to mitigate the specific absorption rate constraints. This resulted in a three-dimensional magnetization preparation fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence with 0.8 x 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.5 mm(3) resolution in a clinically acceptable scan time. The contrast-to-noise ratio between gray matter and white matter (contrast-to-noise ratio = signal-to-noise ratio [gray matter] - signal-to-noise ratio [white matter]) increased from 12 +/- 9 without magnetization preparation to 28 +/- 8 with magnetization preparation (n = 12). The signal-to-noise ratio increased for white matter by 13 +/- 6% and for gray matter by 48 +/- 15%. In conclusion, three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery with high resolution and full brain coverage is feasible at 7T. Magnetization preparation reduces the T(1) weighting, thereby improving the T(2) weighted contrast and signal-to-noise ratio.
H-ferritin–nanocaged doxorubicin nanoparticles specifically target and kill tumors with a single-dose injection (2014)

An ideal nanocarrier for efficient drug delivery must be able to target specific cells and carry high doses of therapeutic drugs and should also exhibit optimized physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. However, it is a tremendous challenge to engineer all of the above characteristics into a single carrier particle. Here, we show that natural H-ferritin (HFn) nanocages can carry high doses of doxorubicin (Dox) for tumor-specific targeting and killing without any targeting ligand functionalization or property modulation. Dox-loaded HFn (HFn-Dox) specifically bound and subsequently internalized into tumor cells via interaction with overexpressed transferrin receptor 1 and released Dox in the lysosomes. In vivo in the mouse, HFn-Dox exhibited more than 10-fold higher intratumoral drug concentration than free Dox and significantly inhibited tumor growth after a single-dose injection. Importantly, HFn-Dox displayed an excellent safety profile that significantly reduced healthy organ drug exposure and improved the maximum tolerated dose by fourfold compared with free Dox. Moreover, because the HFn nanocarrier has well-defined morphology and does not need any ligand modification or property modulation it can be easily produced with high purity and yield, which are requirements for drugs used in clinical trials. Thus, these unique properties make the HFn nanocage an ideal vehicle for efficient anticancer drug delivery.
Chemical Recycling of Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1997)

This paper reviews the state of the art in the field of chemical recycling of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Advantages of the chemical recycling of PET, the theoretical basis of the ester bond cleavage, and a wide spectrum of degrading agents and final products are presented. Chemical processes applied in polymer recycling are divided into six groups: methanolysis, glycolysis, hydrolysis, ammonolysis, aminolysis, and other methods. Numerous possibilities for the utilization of waste PET as a very useful raw chemical material are described on the basis of literature. A comparison of chemical recycling methods is carried out. The following aspects were taken into consideration: (i) flexibility in utilizing a variety of waste types, (ii) conditions necessary for degradation including safety requirements, (iii) economic aspects, and (iv) product versatility. A total of 108 references including 46 patents are cited in this paper.
Advanced control of glutathione fermentation process (1992)

A study was performed to understand the fermentation process for production of glutathione fermentation (GSH) with an improved strain of baker's yeast. Simultaneous utilization of sugar and ethanol has been found to be a key factor in the industrial process to produce GSH using Saccharomyces cerevisiae KY6186. Based on this observation, the optimal sugar feed profile for the fed-batch operation has been determined. A feedforward/feedback control system was developed to regulate the sugar feed rate so as to maximize GSH production yields. Using the feedforward/feedback control system and the on-line data of oxygen and ethanol concentration in exhaust gas, the successful scaleup to the production level was accomplished. An average of 40% improvement of glutathione production compared to a conventionally programmed control of exponential fed-batch operation was found in the new process.
Yeast Methionine Aminopeptidase I (1999)

In eukaryotes, two isozymes (I and II) of methionine aminopeptidase (MetAP) catalyze the removal of the initiator methionine if the penultimate residue has a small radius of gyration (glycine, alanine, serine, threonine, proline, valine, and cysteine). Using site-directed mutagenesis, recombinant yeast MetAP I derivatives that are able to cleave N-terminal methionine from substrates that have larger penultimate residues have been expressed. A Met to Ala change at 329 (Met206 in Escherichia coli enzyme) produces an average catalytic efficiency 1.5-fold higher than the native enzyme on normal substrates and cleaves substrates containing penultimate asparagine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, and phenylalanine. Interestingly, the native enzyme also has significant activity with the asparagine peptide not previously identified as a substrate. Mutation of Gln356 (Gln233 in E. coli MetAP) to alanine results in a catalytic efficiency about one-third that of native with normal substrates but which can cleave methionine from substrates with penultimate histidine, asparagine, glutamine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan. Mutation of Ser195 to alanine had no effect on substrate specificity. None of the altered enzymes produced cleaved substrates with a fully charged residue (lysine, arginine, aspartic acid, or glutamic acid) or tyrosine in the penultimate position.
Discovery of cellobionic acid phosphorylase in cellulolytic bacteria and fungi (2013)

A novel phosphorylase was characterized as new member of glycoside hydrolase family 94 from the cellulolytic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris and the fungus Neurospora crassa . The enzyme catalyzed reversible phosphorolysis of cellobionic acid. We propose 4‐ O ‐β‐ d ‐glucopyranosyl‐ d ‐gluconic acid: phosphate α‐ d ‐glucosyltransferase as the systematic name and cellobionic acid phosphorylase as the short names for the novel enzyme. Several cellulolytic fungi of the phylum Ascomycota also possess homologous proteins. We, therefore, suggest that the enzyme plays a crucial role in cellulose degradation where cellobionic acid as oxidized cellulolytic product is converted into α‐ d ‐glucose 1‐phosphate and d ‐gluconic acid to enter glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway, respectively.
Protective immunity induced by immunization with a live, cultured Anaplasma marginale strain (2013)

Despite significant economic losses resulting from infection with Anaplasma marginale, a tick-transmitted rickettsial pathogen of cattle, available vaccines provide, at best, only partial protection against clinical disease. The green-fluorescent protein expressing mutant of the A. marginale St. Maries strain is a live, marked vaccine candidate (AmStM-GFP). To test whether AmStM-GFP is safe and provides clinical protection, a group of calves was vaccinated, and clinical parameters, including percent parasitized erythrocytes (PPE), packed cell volume (PCV) and days required to reach peak bacteremia, were measured following inoculation and following tick challenge with wild type St. Maries strain (AmStM). These clinical parameters were compared to those obtained during infection with the A. marginale subsp. centrale vaccine strain (A. centrale) or wild type AmStM. AmStM-GFP resulted in similar clinical parameters to A. centrale, but had a lower maximum PPE, smaller drop in PCV and took longer to reach peak bacteremia than wild type AmStM. AmStM-GFP provided clinical protection, yielding a stable PCV and low bacteremia following challenge, whereas A. centrale only afforded partial clinical protection.
Bluetooth low energyをはじめよう (2015)

１ イントロダクション ２ プロトコルの基本 ３ ＧＡＰ（アドバタイズとコネクション） ４ ＧＡＴＴ（サービスと特性） ５ ハードウェアプラットフォーム ６ デバッグツール ７ アプリケーション設計ツール ８ Ａｎｄｒｏｉｄのプログラミング ９ ｉＯＳのプログラミング １０ 組み込みアプリケーション開発
Millimeter wave imaging technology (2005)

Millimeter wave video rate focal plane imagers using passive (radiometric) and active (radar) modes of operation are described. These sensors involve compact ("folded") optics and focal plane low-noise receiver arrays. Active optics which utilize load switching and phase shifting twist reflectors are described.
A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Daily Vibration After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2015)

High-frequency, low-magnitude vibration did provide acute pain relief on application 6 weeks after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery. However, vibration did not improve tendon-to-bone healing, shoulder range of motion, shoulder strength, or shoulder pain with activities, at rest, and at night when compared with placebo.