gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INTELLIGENT ON-BOARD SAFETY MONITORING OF AIR BRAKE SYSTEM (1995)

A disturbing proportion of commercial vehicles are traveling the roadway with brakes that are out of adjustment or otherwise improperly maintained and incapable of adequately stopping the vehicle. The consequences are always disruptive, expensive, and often deadly to the truck driver or anyone in the path of the truck. Air brake systems on multi-axis vehicles provide drivers with notoriously poor feedback concerning brake efficiency or imminent failure. Currently the only active warning device that may be used in the cab is for low air pressure; the driver receives no information about the effectiveness of the total system. Drivers and authorities must make judgments about brake effectiveness by relying upon brake actuator stroke measurements laboriously obtained at each wheel when a vehicle is stationary. Unfortunately, the effectiveness of brakes on a loaded truck in motion can change rapidly, especially on a grade. The possibility of new intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies, in conjunction with on-board failure detection systems, promises to enhance the prediction of brake failure on air-brake-equipped vehicles. This paper presents results from research now under way that will lead to the development of an intelligent on-board brake warning device (IBWD) for air-brake equipped commercial vehicles. This device will warn drivers of brake degradation or impending failure allowing them adequate time for corrective action. The IBWD, which will be low cost, will mount in the cab or tractor of a truck or bus and will monitor a relatively small number of parameters associated with brakes system performance. The device will also be designed to receive environmental information, such as grade severity data, and to transmit data to fixed roadway stations via ITS technology. The IBWD will assess braking performance as it relates to the total vehicles system; thus, it will be sensitive to brake degradation due to any cause. Brake performance parameters have been identified and studied within an extensive full-scale brake test program. The interdependence between these parameters has been determined, and the paper offers a model describing air-brake performance. In addition, it presents a preliminary brake assessment algorithm.
Abstract 2301: Intraperitoneal CAR-T infusion results in durable protection against peritoneal metastases and control of systemic tumor growth (2016)

Abstract Colorectal carcinomatosis due to peritoneal metastases (PM) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Present treatments fail to cure the majority of patients with PM. We are developing a chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) regional infusion immunotherapy platform for PM. We treated mice with established CEA+ MC38 PMs with anti-CEA CAR-Ts either via regional intraperitoneal (IP) or systemic tail vein (TV) infusion. When compared to TV infusion, IP delivery resulted in significantly improved responses (37-fold reduction in tumor growth, p&lt;0.01). To measure the durability of protection from IP tumor growth, we re-challenged mice with IP tumor following successful treatment with IP CAR-Ts. Mice who had received initial IP CAR-T treatment were protected from tumor growth following re-challenge for 20 days compared to control animals (1390-fold reduction in tumor growth, p = 0.016). Assessment of IP tumor 10 and 28 days following tumor re-challenge revealed a high proportion of intratumoral CAR-Ts (Day 10- 70.0%, Day 28- 46.6%; p = 0.10) and the proportion of CAR-Ts with an effector memory phenotype (CD44+CD62L-CCR7-, Day 10- 19.3%, Day 28- 60.0%; p&lt;0.01). In separate experiments, we studied the effect of IP CAR-T infusions on tumor growth at distant sites. We established both IP and subcutaneous (SQ) flank tumors in mice prior to CAR-T infusions. Following treatment, IP CAR-T infusion resulted in a significant decrease in SQ tumor growth on day 8 compared to control (5.7-fold, p = 0.03), and a trend toward improvement compared to TV (4.9-fold, p = 0.224). While CAR-Ts were not detected in whole blood, SQ tumor, or draining lymph nodes following IP CAR-T infusion, serum IFNγ levels were significantly elevated on day 4 compared to control mice (p = 0.04), and returned to baseline by day 7. Our findings demonstrate that regional IP CAR-T delivery provides durable protection against IP tumor growth in association with CAR-T effector memory programming, in addition to a systemic anti-tumor effect. Citation Format: Marissa Cunetta, Gary Point, Zhi Liu, Prajna Guha, Josephine Darpolor, Matthew Lima, N J. Espat, Nader Hanna, Cherif Boutros, Richard P. Junghans, Steven Katz. Intraperitoneal CAR-T infusion results in durable protection against peritoneal metastases and control of systemic tumor growth. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2301.
MicroRNA29a Treatment Improves Early Tendon Injury (2017)

Tendon injuries (tendinopathies) are common in human and equine athletes and characterized by dysregulated collagen matrix, resulting in tendon damage. We have previously demonstrated a functional role for microRNA29a (miR29a) as a post-transcriptional regulator of collagen 3 expression in murine and human tendon injury. Given the translational potential, we designed a randomized, blinded trial to evaluate the potential of a miR29a replacement therapy as a therapeutic option to treat tendinopathy in an equine model that closely mimics human disease. Tendon injury was induced in the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of 17 horses. Tendon lesions were treated 1 week later with an intralesional injection of miR29a or placebo. miR29a treatment reduced collagen 3 transcript levels at week 2, with no significant changes in collagen 1. The relative lesion cross-sectional area was significantly lower in miR29a tendons compared to control tendons. Histology scores were significantly better for miR29a-treated tendons compared to control tendons. These data support the mechanism of microRNA-mediated modulation of early pathophysiologic events that facilitate tissue remodeling in the tendon after injury and provides a strong proof of principle that a locally delivered miR29a therapy improves early tendon healing.
Engineering circular RNA for enhanced protein production (2022)

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are stable and prevalent RNAs in eukaryotic cells that arise from back-splicing. Synthetic circRNAs and some endogenous circRNAs can encode proteins, raising the promise of circRNA as a platform for gene expression. In this study, we developed a systematic approach for rapid assembly and testing of features that affect protein production from synthetic circRNAs. To maximize circRNA translation, we optimized five elements: vector topology, 5' and 3' untranslated regions, internal ribosome entry sites and synthetic aptamers recruiting translation initiation machinery. Together, these design principles improve circRNA protein yields by several hundred-fold, provide increased translation over messenger RNA in vitro, provide more durable translation in vivo and are generalizable across multiple transgenes.
Second-Generation Prostaglandin Receptor EP2 Antagonist, TG8-260, with High Potency, Selectivity, Oral Bioavailability, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties (2022)

EP2, a G-protein-coupled prostaglandin-E<sub>2</sub> receptor, has emerged as a seminal biological target for drug discovery. EP2 receptor activation is typically proinflammatory; therefore, the development of EP2 antagonists to mitigate the severity and disease pathology in a variety of inflammation-driven central nervous system and peripheral disorders would be a novel strategy. We have recently developed a second-generation EP2 antagonist TG8-260 and shown that it reduces hippocampal neuroinflammation and gliosis after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats. Here, we present details of synthesis, lead optimization on earlier leads that resulted in TG8-260, potency and selectivity evaluations using cAMP-driven time-resolved fluorescence resonance energy-transfer (TR-FRET) assays and [H<sup>3</sup>]-PGE2-binding assays, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), and pharmacokinetics. TG8-260 (<b>2f</b>) showed Schild <i>K</i> <sub>B</sub> = 13.2 nM (3.6-fold more potent than the previous lead TG8-69 (<b>1c</b>)) and 500-fold selectivity to EP2 against other prostanoid receptors. Pharmacokinetic data indicated that TG8-260 has a plasma half-life of 2.14 h (PO) and excellent oral bioavailability (77.3%). Extensive ADME tests indicated that TG8-260 is a potent inhibitor of CYP450 enzymes. Further, we show that TG8-260 displays antagonistic activity on the induction of EP2 receptor-mediated inflammatory gene expression in microglia BV2-hEP2 cells; therefore, it can serve as a tool for investigating anti-inflammatory pathways in peripheral inflammatory disease animal models.
Calreticulin: non‐endoplasmic reticulum functions in physiology and disease (2009)

Calreticulin (CRT), when localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), has important functions in directing proper conformation of proteins and glycoproteins, as well as in homeostatic control of cytosolic and ER calcium levels. There is also steadily accumulating evidence for diverse roles for CRT localized outside the ER, including data suggesting important roles for CRT localized to the outer cell surface of a variety of cell types, in the cytosol, and in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, the addition of exogenous CRT rescues numerous CRT-driven functions, such as adhesion, migration, phagocytosis, and immunoregulatory functions of CRT-null cells. Recent studies show that topically applied CRT has diverse and profound biological effects that enhance cutaneous wound healing in animal models. This evidence for extracellular bioactivities of CRT has provided new insights into this classically ER-resident protein, despite a lack of knowledge of how CRT exits from the ER to the cell surface or how it is released into the extracellular milieu. Nonetheless, it has become clear that CRT is a multicompartmental protein that regulates a wide array of cellular responses important in physiological and pathological processes, such as wound healing, the immune response, fibrosis, and cancer.-Gold, L. I., Eggleton, P., Sweetwyne, M. T., Van Duyn, L. B., Greives, M. R., Naylor, S.-M., Michalak, M., Murphy-Ullrich, J. E. Calreticulin: non-endoplamic reticulum functions in physiology and disease.
Calibrated fluorescence imaging of tissue <i>in vivo</i> (2001)

A calibrated fluorescence imaging system utilizing a combination of fluorescence and cross-polarization imaging technology is described and applied to tissue examination in vivo. The results show that the inhomogeneity of fluorescence excitation and collection across the irregular surface of the examined tissue is calibrated to a great extent by taking the ratio of the raw fluorescence image to the cross-polarized reflection image. The effects of optical properties of tissue on the calibrated fluorescence signals are studies on simulated tissue phantoms systematically. Using the calibrated fluorescence imaging technology, we demonstrate that different tissue can be clearly separated endoscopically and in vivo based on the calibrated fluorescence signal.
Wavelength Shifting Phoswich Detectors for Superior Depth-of-Interaction Resolution (2012)

In order to simultaneously achieve both high spatial resolution and high sensitivity in small Positron Emission Tomography (PET) systems, scintillation detectors must be long in the radial direction as well as able to provide depth-of-interaction (DOI) information. DOI information is typically provided by constructing detectors from two or more layers of scintillators that are identifiable due to their different decay times. This approach has worked well in tomographs such as the High Resolution Research Tomograph (HRRT, CTI PET Systems, Inc.) in which the emission and excitation bands of the scintillator layers do not overlap each other. However, many potentially important pairs of scintillator crystals exist in which the emission of one crystal is, in fact, absorbed and re-emitted by the second crystal, thus impacting the pulse shape discrimination process used to identify the scintillator layers. These potentially useful pairs of scintillators are unlikely to be implemented in phoswich detectors without a comprehensive understanding of the complex emission that results when the light of one crystal is absorbed by the second crystal and then reemitted. Our objective is to develop a fundamental understanding of the optical phenomena that occur in phoswich detectors and to exploit these phenomena to achieve improved spatial resolution in small high sensitivity PET scanners.
New microscale vertically oriented organic photovoltaics cells (2010)

We initially look at the changing energy environment and how that can have a dramatic change on the potential of alternative energies, in particular those of organic photovoltaics (OPV) cells. In looking at OPV's we also address the aspects of where we are with the current art and why we may not be getting the best from our materials. In doing so, we propose the idea of changing how we build organic photovoltaics by addressing the best method to contain light within the devices. Our initial effort is in addressing how these microscale optical concentrators work in the form of optical fibers in terms of absorption. We have derived a mathematical method which takes account of the input angle of light to achieve optimum absorption. However, in doing so we also address the complex issue how the changing refractive indices in a multilayer device can alter how we input the light. We have found that by knowing the materials refractive index our model takes into account the incident plane, meridonal plane, cross sectional are and path length to ensure optical angular input. Secondly, we also address the practicalities of making such vertical structures the greater issue of changing light intensity incident on a solar cell and how that aspects alters how we view the performance of organic solar cells.
AWESpice: a general tool for the accurate and efficient simulation of interconnect problems (1992)

AWESpice is a tool for the efficient and accurate simulation of circuits dominated by interconnect. It accepts a general nonlinear circuit and uses the asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) algorithm to efficiently convert its linear interconnect portion into multiport admittance macromodels. The macromodels are then simulated in conjunction with the nonlinear devices using a modified version of the SPICE algorithm. This technique leads to a significant reduction in CPU time while retaining the benefits of a conventional circuit simulator. Some examples that have been run to show the accuracy and efficiency of AWESpice on a variety of interconnect problems are presented. >
Amazon SageMaker Automatic Model Tuning: Scalable Black-box Optimization (2020)

Tuning complex machine learning systems is challenging. Machine learning models typically expose a set of hyperparameters, be it regularization, architecture, or optimization parameters, whose careful tuning is critical to achieve good performance. To democratize access to such systems, it is essential to automate this tuning process. This paper presents Amazon SageMaker Automatic Model Tuning (AMT), a fully managed system for black-box optimization at scale. AMT finds the best version of a machine learning model by repeatedly training it with different hyperparameter configurations. It leverages either random search or Bayesian optimization to choose the hyperparameter values resulting in the best-performing model, as measured by the metric chosen by the user. AMT can be used with built-in algorithms, custom algorithms, and Amazon SageMaker pre-built containers for machine learning frameworks. We discuss the core functionality, system architecture and our design principles. We also describe some more advanced features provided by AMT, such as automated early stopping and warm-starting, demonstrating their benefits in experiments.
Left‐Handed Helical Twists in “Mixed β‐Peptides” Derived From Alternating C‐Linked Carbo‐β<sup>3</sup>‐Amino Acids and β‐hGly Units (2004)

Ambidextrous peptides: Novel mixed β-peptides were synthesized from alternating C-linked carbo-β3-amino acid and β-homoglycine residues. The peptides form unprecedented left-handed 10/12 and 12/10 helices (see picture) in addition to the corresponding right-handed helices. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z53467_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Augmented Efficacy of Uttroside B over Sorafenib in a Murine Model of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2022)

We previously reported the remarkable potency of uttroside B (Utt-B), saponin-isolated and characterized in our lab from <i>Solanum nigrum</i> Linn, against HCC. Recently, the U.S. FDA approved Utt-B as an 'orphan drug' against HCC. The current study validates the superior anti-HCC efficacy of Utt-B over sorafenib, the first-line treatment option against HCC. The therapeutic efficacies of Utt-B vs. sorafenib against HCC were compared in vitro, using various liver cancer cell lines and in vivo, utilizing NOD.CB17-Prkdcscid/J mice bearing human HCC xenografts. Our data indicate that Utt-B holds an augmented anti-HCC efficacy over sorafenib. Our previous report demonstrated the pharmacological safety of Utt-B in Chang Liver, the normal immortalized hepatocytes, and in the acute and chronic toxicity murine models even at elevated Utt-B concentrations. Here, we show that higher concentrations of sorafenib induce severe toxicity, in Chang Liver, as well as in acute and chronic in vivo models, indicating that, apart from the superior therapeutic benefit over sorafenib, Utt-B is a pharmacologically safer molecule, and the drug-induced undesirable effects can, thus, be substantially alleviated in the context of HCC chemotherapy. Clinical studies in HCC patients utilizing Utt-B, is a contiguous key step to promote this drug to the clinic.
Texture mode dependent depth coding in 3D-HEVC (2013)

In 3D-HEVC, depth modeling modes (DMM) are applied for efficient intra depth coding. With DMM modes, a prediction unit is partitioned into two parts, and each part is predicted by a single value. In one DMM mode, the partition pattern is implicitly derived at the decoder by searching all pre-defined Wedgelet patterns on a Co-located Texture Luma Block (CTLB), which increases the decoding complexity drastically. To simplify the design of this DMM mode, in this paper, we propose to utilize the Intra Prediction Mode (IPM) of CTLB to largely skip unnecessary Wedgelet searches at the decoder. To achieve this goal, for each IPM, only a limited number of Wedgelet patterns are selected as candidates in this DMM mode. Experimental results demonstrate that, with almost no coding performance degradation, the proposed method significantly reduces the decoding complexity by skipping 90% of Wedgelet searches. The proposed method has been adopted by 3D-HEVC.
Resistive Random Access Memory for Future Information Processing System (2017)

Resistive random access memory (RRAM) is regarded as one of the most promising emerging memory technologies for next-generation embedded, standalone nonvolatile memory (NVM), and storage class memory (SCM) due to its speed, density, cost, and scalability. Considerable progress has been made in recent years on the manufacturability of RRAM, with low-density RRAM products now in production and the path to higher density parts becoming clearer. This review updates the learning on the fundamental materials and process integration needed for high-volume manufacturing and summarizes very recent progress on array level performance improvement methodology using novel techniques, and circuit level contributions for different applications. The device performance, array integration, and device/circuit codesign for memory systems are discussed. Novel applications besides embedded memory and standalone memory are addressed, including hardware security, neuromorphic computing, and nonvolatile logic systems.
Interferon antagonist proteins of influenza and vaccinia viruses are suppressors of RNA silencing (2004)

Homology-dependent RNA silencing occurs in many eukaryotic cells. We reported recently that nodaviral infection triggers an RNA silencing-based antiviral response (RSAR) in Drosophila, which is capable of a rapid virus clearance in the absence of expression of a virus-encoded suppressor. Here, we present further evidence to show that the Drosophila RSAR is mediated by the RNA interference (RNAi) pathway, as the viral suppressor of RSAR inhibits experimental RNAi initiated by exogenous double-stranded RNA and RSAR requires the RNAi machinery. We demonstrate that RNAi also functions as a natural antiviral immunity in mosquito cells. We further show that vaccinia virus and human influenza A, B, and C viruses each encode an essential protein that suppresses RSAR in Drosophila. The vaccinia and influenza viral suppressors, E3L and NS1, are distinct double-stranded RNA-binding proteins and essential for pathogenesis by inhibiting the mammalian IFN-regulated innate antiviral response. We found that the double-stranded RNA-binding domain of NS1, implicated in innate immunity suppression, is both essential and sufficient for RSAR suppression. These findings provide evidence that mammalian virus proteins can inhibit RNA silencing, implicating this mechanism as a nucleic acid-based antiviral immunity in mammalian cells.
Immobilization of Xylanase in Chitosan-Xanthan Hydrogels (1997)

endo-1,4-β-Xylanase (E.C. 3.2.1.8) has been immobilized in hydrogel beads prepared by complexation between chitosan and xanthan. The enzyme immobilization efficiency is between 88 and 98% within a wide range of concentrations of xylanase. The optimum xylanase activity requires a pH between 5.0 and 5.5. The immobilized enzymes show 60–70% higher activity than free enzymes. The Km of the immobilized xylanase increases with the concentration of the enzyme in the beads. The latter show, by electron microscopy, a predominantly fibrilar microstructure within which there are regions having globular shapes where the enzymes are lodged.