gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the metabolism and disposition of the new retinoid 4-[(5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)carbamoyl]benzoic acid. 5th communication: factors affecting percutaneous absorption in rats. (1997)

4-[(5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-5,5,8,8-tetramethyl-2-naphthyl)carbamoyl] benzoic acid (CAS 94497-51-5, Am-80) is a new synthetic retinoid which has been shown to have a potent topical antipsoriatic activity. Factors affecting the percutaneous absorption of Am-80 were studied with the intention of obtaining information for toxicity and clinical investigations. The percutaneous absorption of radioactivity was compared after topical application of 0.1% 14C-Am-80 ointment to female rats by simple application (SA), occlusive dressing technique (ODT), and application using lint (AUL). After single topical application to normal skin female rats, the percutaneous absorption of radioactivity was very low with no significant differences in the extent of absorption among the three application methods. In the stripped skin female rats, a distinct increase of the percutaneous absorption was observed indicating that it was markedly affected by the lack of the stratum corneum. Compared with the single dosing, a considerable increase of percutaneous absorption was observed following repetitive topical application once daily for 4 or 7 days to the normal skin female rats. The extent of increase was highest in ODT rats followed by SA rats, but was relatively low in AUL rats. The effects of concentration, dose and application area of 14C-Am-80 ointment on the percutaneous absorption of radioactivity were studied following topical application of 0.002%-0.008% 14C-Am-80 ointment to normal skin male rats by ODT to areas of 72 cm2/kg-360 cm2/kg (5%-25% of the body surface area) at ointment doses of 2g/kg-8 g/kg. When the application area and the amount of ointment applied were fixed at 144 cm2/kg (10% of the body surface area) and 2 g/kg, respectively, the amount of radioactivity absorbed increased in proportion to the 14C-Am-80 concentration in the ointment, whereas the rate of percutaneous absorption, expressed as the percent of dose, was nearly constant. When the 14C-Am-80 concentration in the ointment and the amount of ointment applied were fixed at 0.08% and 2 g/kg, respectively, both the amount of radioactivity absorbed and the rate of percutaneous absorption markedly increased with an increase in the application area. When the concentration of 14C-Am-80 in the ointment was set at 0.008% and the application area at 72 cm2/kg, 144 cm2/kg or 288 cm2/kg (5%, 10% or 20% of the body surface area), the amount of radioactivity absorbed increased as the amount of ointment applied increased for areas of the same, though the rate of percutaneous absorption remained almost constant. When the 14C-Am-80 concentration in the ointment was fixed at 0.008%, the amount of radioactivity absorbed increased markedly about 20-fold with 4-fold simultaneous increases in both the application area (from 72 cm2/kg to 288 cm2/kg) and the amount of ointment applied (from 2 g/kg to 8 g/kg).
Direct identification of bacteria from BacT/ALERT anaerobic positive blood cultures by MALDI-TOF MS: MALDI Sepsityper kit versus an in-house saponin method for bacterial extraction (2012)

In cases of bacteraemia, a rapid species identification of the causal agent directly from positive blood culture broths could assist clinicians in the timely targeting of empirical antimicrobial therapy. For this purpose, we evaluated the direct identification of micro-organisms from BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux) anaerobic positive blood cultures without charcoal using the Microflex matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight MS (Bruker), after bacterial extraction by using two different methods: the MALDI Sepsityper kit (Bruker) and an in-house saponin lysis method. Bruker's recommended criteria for identification were expanded in this study, with acceptance of the species identification when the first three results with the best matches with the MALDI Biotyper database were identical, whatever the scores were. In total, 107 monobacterial cultures and six polymicrobial cultures from 77 different patients were included in this study. Among monomicrobial cultures, we identified up to the species level 67 and 66 % of bacteria with the MALDI Sepsityper kit and the saponin method, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two extraction methods. The direct species identification was particularly inconclusive for Gram-positive bacteria, as only 58 and 52 % of them were identified to the species level with the MALDI Sepsityper kit and the saponin method, respectively. Results for Gram-negative bacilli were better, with 82.5 and 90 % of correct identification to the species level with the MALDI Sepsityper kit and the saponin method, respectively. No misidentifications were given by the direct procedures when compared with identifications provided by the conventional method. Concerning the six polymicrobial blood cultures, whatever the extraction method used, a correct direct identification was only provided for one of the isolated bacteria on solid medium in all cases. The analysis of the time-to-result demonstrated a reduction in the turnaround time for identification ranging from 1 h 06 min to 24 h 44 min, when performing the blood culture direct identification in comparison with the conventional method, whatever the extraction method.
<i>Citrus limon</i>-derived nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation and suppress CML xenograft growth by inducing TRAIL-mediated cell death (2015)

Nanosized vesicles are considered key players in cell to cell communication, thus influencing physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Nanovesicles have also been found in edible-plants and have shown therapeutic activity in inflammatory bowel diseases; however information on their role in affecting cancer progression is missing.Our study identify for the first time a fraction of vesicles from lemon juice (Citrus limon L.), obtained as a result of different ultracentrifugation, with density ranging from 1,15 to 1,19 g/ml and specific proteomic profile. By using an in vitro approach, we show that isolated nanovesicles inhibit cancer cell proliferation in different tumor cell lines, by activating a TRAIL-mediated apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, we demonstrate that lemon nanovesicles suppress CML tumor growth in vivo by specifically reaching tumor site and by activating TRAIL-mediated apoptotic cell processes. Overall, this study suggests the possible use of plant-edible nanovesicles as a feasible approach in cancer treatment.
HiPEC: high performance external virtual memory caching (1994)

Traditional operating systems use a fixed LRU-like page replacement policy and centralized frame pool that cannot properly serve all types of memory access patterns of various applications As a result many memory-intensive applications such as databases multimedia applications and scientific simulators induce excessive page faults and page replacement when running on top of existing operating systems.This paper presents a High Performance External virtual memory Caching mechanism (HiPEC) to provide applications with their own specific page replacement management. The user specific policy programmed in the HiPEC command set is stored in user address space. When a page fault occurs the kernel fetches and interprets the corresponding policy commands to perform the user specific page replacement management. Experimental results show that HiPEC induces little overhead and can significantly improve performance for memory-intensive applications.
A facile strategy for synthesis of α,α′‐heterobifunctionalized poly (ε‐caprolactones) and poly (methyl methacrylate)s containing “clickable” aldehyde and allyloxy functional groups using initiator approach (2013)

Abstract Two new initiators, namely, 4‐(4‐(2‐(4‐(allyloxy) phenyl)‐5‐hydroxypentane 2‐yl) phenoxy)benzaldehyde and 4‐(4‐(allyloxy) phenyl)‐4‐(4‐(4‐formylphenoxy) phenyl) pentyl 2‐bromo‐2‐methyl propanoate containing “clickable” hetero‐functionalities namely aldehyde and allyloxy were synthesized starting from commercially available 4,4′‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl) pentanoic acid. These initiators were utilized, respectively, for ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone and atom transfer radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Well‐defined α‐aldehyde, α′‐allyloxy heterobifunctionalized poly(ε‐caprolactones) ( M n,GPC : 5900–29,000, PDI: 1.26–1.43) and poly(methyl methacrylate)s ( M n,GPC : 5300–28800, PDI: 1.19–1.25) were synthesized. The kinetic study of methyl methacrylate polymerization demonstrated controlled polymerization behavior. The presence of aldehyde and allyloxy functionality on polymers was confirmed by 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Aldehyde‐aminooxy and thiol‐ene metal‐free double click strategy was used to demonstrate reactivity of functional groups on polymers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
Upscaling of the permeability by multiscale wavelet transformations and simulation of multiphase flows in heterogeneous porous media (2008)

We describe a new approach for simulation of multiphase flows through heterogeneous porous media, such as oil reservoirs. The method, which is based on the wavelet transformation of the spatial distribution of the single-phase permeabilities, incorporates in the upscaled computational grid all the relevant data on the permeability, porosity, and other important properties of a porous medium at all the length scales. The upscaling method generates a nonuniform computational grid which preserves the resolved structure of the geological model in the near-well zones as well as in the high-permeability sectors and upscales the rest of the geological model. As such, the method is a multiscale one that preserves all the important information across all the relevant length scales. Using a robust front-detection method which eliminates the numerical dispersion by a high-order total variation diminishing method (suitable for the type of nonuniform upscaled grid that we generate), we obtain highly accurate results with a greatly reduced computational cost. The speed-up in the computations is up to over three orders of magnitude, depending on the degree of heterogeneity of the model. To demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of our methods, five distinct models (including one with fractures) of heterogeneous porous media are considered, and two-phase flows in the models are studied, with and without the capillary pressure.
Infection by Tubercular Mycobacteria Is Spread by Nonlytic Ejection from Their Amoeba Hosts (2009)

To generate efficient vaccines and cures for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, we need a far better understanding of its modes of infection, persistence, and spreading. Host cell entry and the establishment of a replication niche are well understood, but little is known about how tubercular mycobacteria exit host cells and disseminate the infection. Using the social amoeba Dictyostelium as a genetically tractable host for pathogenic mycobacteria, we discovered that M. tuberculosis and M. marinum, but not M. avium, are ejected from the cell through an actin-based structure, the ejectosome. This conserved nonlytic spreading mechanism requires a cytoskeleton regulator from the host and an intact mycobacterial ESX-1 secretion system. This insight offers new directions for research into the spreading of tubercular mycobacteria infections in mammalian cells.
Ex Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging of Collector Channels with a Scanning Endoscopic Probe (2011)

The resolving power of the scanning endoscopic probe is sufficient to locate CCs and to observe their shape.
〈Original〉The Effects of Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Treatment on Capillarization in Rat Soleus Muscle (2012)

SUZUKI, J. The Effects of Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitor Treatment on Capillarization in Rat Soleus Muscle. Adv. Exerc. Sports Physiol., Vol.18, No.2 pp.39-46, 2012. A family of oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD)-containing enzymes have been identified as a regulator of cellular oxygen-sensing mechanism. The present study was designed to examine the effects o f PHD inhibition with or without exercise on capillrization in r ats. Rats in the treated groups received interperioneal injection of ethyl-3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (EDHB, 100 mg/kg/day) on the 3rd through 5th and on the 8th through 10th days. Rats in the training g roups were subjected to voluntary wheel exercise for 10 days. According to histochemical identification of the capillary profile, both the training and EDHB administration significantly enhanced t he capillary distribution in the soleus muscle. The capillary-to-fiber ratio showed significantly the greatest value after training w ith EDHB treatment. EDHB treatment alone significantly increased HIF-1α protein level (3.1-fold), whereas training with ( 2.6-fold) or without (2.7-fold) EDHB treatment enhanced it non-significantly. VEGF protein levels significantly increased after the training (2.3-fold), EDHB administration (2.5-fold) and training w ith administration (2.3-fold). The present results suggest that EDHB treatment itself may facilitate capillarization in skeletal
X-ray emission from KrF laser produced plasmas (1984)

In this paper we report on the first ever investigation of high, power 249nm KrF laser produced plasmas. Such experiments are important not only for research related to laser fusion but also for the development of intense X-ray sources. Lasers have been shown to be efficient generators of X-ray sources with intensities several orders of magnitude higher than synchrotron sources in the region 0.1 KeV to 5KeV. However the lasers used to date have had low efficiency and operate at very low repetition rates. Excimer lasers offer the possibility of high energy, high efficiency and high repetition rate in addition to the increased X-ray efficiency expected for shorter wavelengths.
Carbon sequestration with enhanced gas recovery: Identifying candidate \nsites for pilot study (2001)

Depleted natural gas reservoirs are promising targets for carbon dioxide sequestration.Although depleted, these reservoirs are not devoid of methane, and carbon dioxide injection may allow enhanced production of methane by reservoir repressurization or pressure maintenance.Based on the favorable results of numerous simulation studies, we propose a field test of the Carbon Sequestration with Enhanced Gas Recovery (CSEGR) process.The objective of the field test is to evaluate the feasibility of CSEGR in terms of reservoir processes such as injectivity, repressurization, flow and transport of carbon dioxide, and enhanced production of methane.The main criteria for the field site include small reservoir volume and high permeability so that increases in pressure and enhanced recovery will occur over a reasonably short time period.The Rio Vista Gas Field in the delta of California's Central Valley offers potential as a test site, although we are currently looking broadly for other potential sites of opportunity.
Ultra-low-power backscatter-based software-defined radio for intelligent and simplified IoT network (2022)

The recent decade has witnessed an upsurge in the demands of intelligent and simplified Internet of Things (IoT) networks that provide ultra-low-power communication for numerous miniaturized devices. Although the research community has paid great attention to wireless protocol designs for these networks, researchers are handicapped by the lack of an energy-efficient software-defined radio (SDR) platform for fast implementation and experimental evaluation. Current SDRs perform well in battery-equipped systems, but fail to support miniaturized IoT devices with stringent hardware and power constraints. This paper takes the first step toward designing an ultra-low-power SDR that satisfies the ultra-low-power or even battery-free requirements of intelligent and simplified IoT networks. To achieve this goal, the core technique is the effective integration of µW-level backscatter in our SDR to sidestep power-hungry active radio frequency chains. We carefully develop a novel circuit design for efficient energy harvesting and power control, and devise a competent solution for eliminating the harmonic and mirror frequencies caused by backscatter hardware. We evaluate the proposed SDR using different modulation schemes, and it achieves a high data rate of 100 kb/s with power consumption less than 200 µW in the active mode and as low as 10 µW in the sleep mode. We also conduct a case study of railway inspection using our platform, achieving 1 kb/s battery-free data delivery to the monitoring unmanned aerial vehicle at a distance of 50 m in a real-world environment, and provide two case studies on smart factories and logistic distribution to explore the application of our platform.
Optimizing to arbitrary NLP metrics using ensemble selection (2005)

While there have been many successful applications of machine learning methods to tasks in NLP, learning algorithms are not typically designed to optimize NLP performance metrics. This paper evaluates an ensemble selection framework designed to optimize arbitrary metrics and automate the process of algorithm selection and parameter tuning. We report the results of experiments that instantiate the framework for three NLP tasks, using six learning algorithms, a wide variety of parameterizations, and 15 performance metrics. Based on our results, we make recommendations for subsequent machine-learning-based research for natural language learning.
Fabrication and Electrical Characterization of <i>p</i>-Cu<sub>2</sub>O/<i>n</i>-ZnO Heterojunction (2012)

The conducting metal oxide (ZnO, Cu2O) films were used for fabrication of p-n heterojunction by rf sputtering and electrodeposition techniques respectively. The as synthesized films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV spectroscopy and electrical techniques. The electrical properties of the p-Cu2O/n-ZnO heterojunction were examined using the current-voltage measurements. The current-voltage (I-V) result showed that potential barrier was higher than the turn-on voltage, which was attributed to the presence of the interface defect states. The PN junction parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance were determined using conventional forward bias current-voltage characteristics. The annealing of Cu2O increase the crystallinity size and which enhance the photo current from 1.6 mA/cm2 to 3.7 mA/cm2. The annealing of respective film resulted in a decrease of these parameters with an increase in efficiency of solar cell from 0.14% to 0.3% at 350 degrees C.
Advances in DNA electrophoresis in polymer solutions (1992)

DNA electrophoresis in gels and solutions of agarose and polyacrylamide was objectively evaluated with regard to separation efficiency at optimal polymer concentrations. In application to DNA fragments, polyacrylamide gels were superior for separating fragments of less than 7800 bp, and agarose gels are the best choice for larger fragments. Agarose solutions are nearly as good as polyacrylamide gels for small DNA (< 300 bp). Agarose solutions have a higher efficiency than polyacrylamide solutions for DNA of less than 1200 bp. Separation efficiency sharply decreases with increasing length of DNA. Retardation in polyacrylamide solutions was found to depend on polymer length in a biphasic fashion. The choice of resolving polymer concentrations depends on the progressive stretching of DNA in proportion to polymer concentration. The rate of that stretching appears higher in polyacrylmide solution than in gels or in liquid or gelled agarose. Application of polymer solutions to capillary electrophoresis raises further problems concerning agarose plugs, DNA interactions with the polymers, operation at low field strength and long durations as well as detection sensitivity.
CAESNet: Convolutional AutoEncoder based Semi-supervised Network for improving multiclass classification of endomicroscopic images (2019)

Our semisupervised CAESNet can efficiently utilize the unlabeled OE images, which improves the diagnosis and decision making for patients with Barrett's esophagus.
Growing Fitted Textures (2001)

Adding texture to the surface of a polygonal model can profoundly enhance its visual richness. Given a texture pattern and a surface model, the historical challenge has been to determine how to apply the pattern to the surface in an appropriate manner, minimizing the visual impact of
Determination of Skin Blood Flow by<sup>133</sup>Xe Washout and by Heat Flux from a Heated tc‐Po<sub>2</sub>Electrode (1984)

133Xe washout measurements were used to determine cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow beneath a specially designed double-thermostat tc-PO2 electrode. The skin blood flow was determined using thermal methods based on reduced heat dissipation during blood flow cessation. A total of 20 measurements were performed on two healthy volunteers, using the volar side of the right forearm as the experimental area. Cutaneous as well as subcutaneous blood flow increased with increasing electrode temperature. The cutaneous blood flow increased from 12.3 +/- 1.3 ml (100 g)-1 X min-1 (37 degrees C) to 49.1 +/- 5.4 ml (100 g)-1 X min-1 (45 degrees C) and the subcutaneous values from 20.9 +/- 0.2 ml (100 g)-1 X min-1 to 57.3 +/- 0.5 ml (100 g)-1 X min-1. Preheating of the measuring area or injection of papaverine as blood flow accelerator did not increase the maximum blood flow values. A considerable inter-individual difference between cutaneous and subcutaneous blood flow was observed, but in spite of that a good overall correlation between the 133Xe washout measurements and the two thermal flow measurements was found (r = 0.932 and 0.945, respectively). It is concluded that in some cases, but not always, measurements of tc-PO2 at electrode temperatures of 45 degrees C take place on a maximally perfused skin and that it is possible to determine skin blood flow by means of determinations of the heat dissipated from the tc-PO2 electrode to the underlying skin.
Changes in scalp potentials and spatial smoothing effects of inclusion of dura layer in human head models for EEG simulations (2014)

The dura layer which covers the brain is less conductive than the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) and also more conductive than the skull bone. This could significantly influence the flow of volume currents from cortex to the scalp surface which will also change the magnitude and spatial profiles of scalp potentials. This was examined with a 3-D finite element method (FEM) model of an adult subject constructed from 192 segmented axial magnetic resonance (MR) slices with 256×256 pixel resolution. The voxel resolution was 1×1×1 mm. The model included the dura layer. In addition, other major tissues were also identified. The electrical conductivities of various tissues were obtained from the literature. The conductivities of dura and CSF were 0.001 S/m and 0.06 S/m, respectively. The electrical activity of the cortex was represented by 144,000 distributed dipolar sources with orientations normal to the local cortical surface. The dipolar intensity was in the range of 0.0-0.4 mA meter with a uniform random distribution. Scalp potentials were simulated for two head models with an adaptive finite element solver. One model had the dura layer and in the other model, dura layer was replaced with the CSF. Spatial contour plots of potentials on the cortical surface, dural surface and the scalp surface were made. With the inclusion of the dura layer, scalp potentials decrease by about 20%. The contours of gyri and sulci structures were visible in the spatial profiles of the cortical potentials which were smoothed out on the dural surface and were not visible on the scalp surface. These results suggest that dura layer should be included for an accurate modeling of scalp and cortical potentials.