gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cluster-Based Back-Pressure Routing Algorithm (2008)

We study scalable, distributed, and adaptive routing algorithms for communication networks. The back-pressure algorithm introduced in [21] is a well-known distributed and adaptive routing/scheduling algorithm where nodes only need the queue length information of neighboring nodes to make routing decisions, and packets are adaptively routed in the network according to congestion information, which makes the algorithm resilient to traffic and topology changes. However, the back-pressure algorithm requires routers to maintain a separate queue for each destination, which prevents its implementation in large-scale networks like the Internet. In this paper, we propose a cluster-based back-pressure routing algorithm, which retains the distributability and adaptability of back-pressure routing, while significantly reducing the number of queues that have to be maintained at each node. Since the cluster-based algorithm performs adaptive load-balancing in the network, it has the potential to eliminate the need for off-line traffic engineering in the Internet.
Is Elevated Gastric Tissue NOX2 Associated with Lymphoma of Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue? (2012)

Abstract Helicobacter pylori infection plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of gastric extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). However, the host response to this infection is also important in the development of the disease. In particular, NADPH oxidases (NOXs) which generate reactive oxygen species are known to induce cell damage possibly leading to carcinogenesis. We analyze for the first time NOX expression in a series of well characterized gastric MALT lymphoma (GML) patients in comparison with controls. Our observation leads to the hypothesis that NOX2 expression is significantly associated with GML.
Assessing Oxazole Bioisosteres as Mutasynthons on the Rhizoxin Assembly Line (2011)

Chain armor against tumor cells: The oxazole side chain in the antimitotic agent rhizoxin S2 (1) was successfully replaced through mutasynthesis by using an engineered mutant impaired in heterocyclization. Incorporation of 12 non-natural surrogates into fully processed rhizoxin analogues revealed a remarkable substrate flexibility of the PKS-NRPS hybrid.
Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of the Synaptic Marker Neurogranin in Alzheimer Disease (2016)

The CSF levels of the synaptic marker neurogranin offer diagnostic and prognostic utility for early symptomatic AD that is comparable to other CSF markers of AD. Importantly, CSF neurogranin complements the collective ability of these markers to predict future cognitive decline in cognitively normal individuals and, therefore, will be a useful addition to the current panel of AD biomarkers.
Mammalian target of rapamycin: A valid therapeutic target through the autophagy pathway for alzheimer's disease? (2012)

Autophagy plays a critical role in multiple pathological lesions of Alzheimer's disease (AD), such as the formation of amyloid plaques from amyloid-β (Aβ) production and accumulation via dysregulating amyloid precursor protein turnover and enhancing the activity of β- and/or γ-secretases, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) because of tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuronal apoptosis. Dysfunction of the autophagy-lysosome system also contributes to Aβ accumulation and the formation of tau oligomers and insoluble aggregates, because induction of autophagy enhances the clearance of both soluble and aggregated forms of Aβ and tau proteins. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays a central role in controlling protein homeostasis and negatively regulates autophagy. Inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin improves cognitive deficits and rescues Aβ pathology and NFTs by increasing autophagy. Several mTOR signaling components may be potential biomarkers of cognitive impairment in the clinical diagnosis of AD. Thus, mTOR-related agents through the control of autophagy-lysosome protein degradation are emerging as an important therapeutic target for AD.
Bacterial short-chain fatty acid metabolites modulate the inflammatory response against infectious bacteria (2017)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), predominantly acetic, propionic, and butyric acids, are bacterial metabolites with an important role in the maintenance of homeostasis due to their metabolic and immunomodulatory actions. Some evidence suggests that they may also be relevant during infections. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effects of SCFAs in the effector functions of neutrophils to an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Using a subcutaneous model to generate a mono, isolated infection of A. actinomycetemcomitans, we demonstrated that the presence of the SCFAs in situ did not affect leukocyte accumulation but altered the effector mechanisms of migrating neutrophils by downregulating the production of cytokines, their phagocytic capacity, and killing the bacteria, thus impairing the containment of A. actinomycetemcomitans. Similar effects were observed with bacteria-stimulated neutrophils incubated with SCFAs in vitro. These effects were independent of free-fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) activation, the main SCFA receptor expressed on neutrophils, occurring possibly through inhibition of histone deacetylases because similar effects were obtained by using histone deacetylase inhibitors, such as SAHA, MS-275, and RGFP 966. Considering the findings of this study, we hypothesized that in an infectious condition, SCFAs may exert a detrimental effect on the host by inhibiting neutrophil's effector functions.
Laser therapy for breast cancer: MR imaging and histopathologic correlation. (1996)

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MR images can help define the extent of laser-induced necrosis and residual tumor after interstitial laser photocoagulation therapy in breast cancer.
Characterization of monoclonal antibodies against mitochondrial F1-ATPase. (1983)

Four stable murine hybridoma clones producing homogeneous antibodies against pig heart mitochondrial F1-ATPase have been established. All antibodies exhibit specific binding to F1-ATPase. Three of them interact with the beta subunit and one binds strongly to the alpha and barely to the beta subunit. All of them exhibit linear Scatchard plots and high binding affinities, with dissociation constants between 4.7 X 10(-8) M and 6.5 X 10(-10) M. The minimal number of moles of IgG bound at saturation per mole of immobilized F1-ATPase is 2.2 for the anti-alpha-subunit antibody and 2.5 for one anti-beta-subunit antibody. This suggests that more than two copies of the alpha and beta subunits are present in the enzyme. Two antibodies seem to recognize F1-ATPase equally before or after denaturation with sodium dodecyl sulfate. The two other antibodies exhibited a much higher affinity for the nondissociated enzyme, indicating that they are very sensitive to a specific conformation of the enzyme.
Flame Retardant Properties of Cyclotriphosphazene Derivatives for ABS (2018)

Three cyclotriphosphazene derivatives were used as flame retardants for ABS resin in this study. These compounds were synthesized by the reaction of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene and 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene respectively. The activities of these compounds as flame retardants for ABS were characterized by UL94 and LOI tests. The 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene derivatives showed the best flame-retardant activity. The effects of these compounds to the physical properties of ABS were also measured. The synergistic effect of antimony (V) oxide or novolac to these flame retardant compounds were discussed.
Synthesis and properties of a new (PEO) x [Na(H2O)]0.25MoO3 nanocomposite (1995)

Mono- and bi-layers of polyethylene oxide (PEO) have been incorporated into the interlayer gap of AxMoO3, to give ordered (PEO)x[Na(H2O)n]0.25MoO3 nanocomposites (x= 0.40, mono-; or 0.90, bi-) with interlayer distances of 12.9 and 15 Å, respectively. The driving force for the insertion reaction arises from the solvation of the cations by the PEO, together with the increase in entropy resulting from displacement of water molecules from the interlamellar region. We propose a model for the structure of the monolayer and bilayer composites based on X-ray diffraction, 13C/23Na solid-state NMR and IR data. We have carried out a preliminary comparative study of the electrochemical insertion of lithium into the two polymer nanocomposites by using the materials as cathodes in rechargeable lithium batteries. Li can be reversibly inserted into both materials. Lithium ion transport is substantially enhanced in the bilayer nanocomposite as a result of PEO incorporation, compared with the monolayer nanocomposite. The monolayer composite also shows a pronounced decrease in cell capacity on cycling by comparison to the bilayer.
A Connectionist Network Approach to Find Numerical Solutions of Diophantine Equations (2012)

The paper introduces a connectionist network approach to find numerical solutions of Diophantine equations as an attempt to address the famous Hilbert's tenth problem. The proposed methodology uses a three layer feed forward neural network with back propagation as sequential learning procedure to find numerical solutions of a class of Diophantine equations. It uses a dynamically constructed network architecture where number of nodes in the input layer is chosen based on the number of variables in the equation. The powers of the given Diophantine equation are taken as input to the input layer. The training of the network starts with initial random integral weights. The weights are updated based on the back propagation of the error values at the output layer. The optimization of weights is augmented by adding a momentum factor into the network. The optimized weights of the connection between the input layer and the hidden layer are taken as numerical solution of the given Diophantine equation. The procedure is validated using different Diophantine Equations of different number of variables and different powers.
Single treatment with ethanol hand rub is ineffective against human rhinovirus—hand washing with soap and water removes the virus efficiently (2012)

Ethanol-containing hand rubs are used frequently as a substitute for hand washing with water and soap. However, not all viruses are inactivated by a short term rubbing with alcohol. The capacity of a single round of instructed and controlled hand cleaning with water and soap or ethanol-containing hand rub, respectively, was tested for removal of human rhinovirus administered onto the skin of healthy volunteers on the back of the hands. Hand washing with soap and water appeared to be much more efficient for removing rhinoviruses from skin than rubbing hands with an ethanol-containing disinfectant. After washing with soap and water the virus was detected in 3/9 (33.3%) test persons from the left hand and 1/9 (11.1%) cases from the right hand, whereas the virus was detected invariably by real-time RT-PCR from both hands after cleaning with alcohol hand rub (P-value <0.01). Both substances evaluated clinically were also tested in vitro for virucidal efficacy against Human rhinovirus2 (HRV2) using a standardized assay. Both tested substances were poor within the contact time used in the hand-cleaning test. In conclusion, thorough and conventional hand washing with water and soap can clean efficiently hands contaminated with the virus responsible for an extensive share of common cold episodes.
AUTOMATIC FACIAL FEATURE DETECTION FOR FACIAL EXPRESSION RECOGNITION (2010)

This paper presents a real-time automatic facial feature point detection method for facial expression recognition. The system is capable of detecting seven facial feature points (eyebrows, pupils, nose, and corners of mouth) in grayscale images extracted from a given video. Extracted feature points then used for facial expression recognition. Neutral, happiness and surprise emotions have been studied on the Bosphorus dataset and tested on FG-NET video dataset using OpenCV. We compared our results with previous studies on this dataset. Our experiments showed that proposed method has the advantage of locating facial feature points automatically and accurately in real-time.
[Recent development in research and management of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome]. (2005)

Cachexia is among the most debilitating and life-threatening aspects of cancer, and is more common in children and elderly patients. Associated with anorexia, fat and muscle tissue wasting, psychological distress, and a lower quality of life, cachexia arises from a complex interaction between the cancer and the host. This process results from a failure of the adaptive feeding response seen in simple starvation and includes cytokine production, release of lipid-mobilizing and proteolysis-inducing factors, and alterations in intermediary metabolism. Cytokines play a pivotal role in long-term inhibition of feeding by mimicking the hypothalamic effect of excessive negative feedback signaling from leptin, a hormone secreted by adipose tissue, which is an integral component of the homeostatic loop of body weight regulation. This could be done by persistent inhibition of feeding-stimulatory circuitry including neuropeptide Y. Cachexia should be suspected in patients with cancer if an involuntary weight loss of greater than five percent of premorbid weight occurs within a 3-6-month period. The two major options for pharmacological therapy have been either progestational agents or corticosteroids. However, knowledge of the mechanisms of cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome has led to, and continues to lead to, effective therapeutic interventions for several aspects of the syndrome. These include antiserotonergic drugs, gastroprokinetic agents, branched-chain amino acids, eicosapentanoic acid, cannabinoids, melatonin, and thalidomide-all of which act on the feeding-regulatory circuitry to increase appetite and inhibit tumor-derived catabolic factors to antagonize tissue wasting and/or host cytokine release. The outcomes of drug studies in cancer cachexia should focus on the symptomatic and quality-of-life advantages rather than simply on nutritional end points, since the survival of cachexia cancer patients may be limited to weeks or months due to the incurable nature of the underlying malignancy. Communication among physicians and other health care professionals provides the patient with a multidisciplinary approach to care. The patient record will be an excellent resource to document a plan of care and patient responses to treatment. Psychological distress and psychiatric disorders are common among cancer patients. These problems are also as common among the family members of people with cancer. The use of psychological and behavioral interventions in cancer is increasing, and recent studies have suggested that some of these techniques may affect quality of life and, perhaps, survival rates. Evaluations of relaxation, hypnosis, and short-term group psychotherapy have suggested some benefit with regard to anorexia and fatigue, although the population most likely to benefit from these interventions has not yet been determined. Because weight loss shortens the survival time of cancer patients and decreases performance status, effective therapy would extend patient survival and improve quality of life.
Reducing bird repellent application rates by the addition of sensory stimuli (1997)

Red-winged Blackbirds ( Agelaius phoeniceus ) cause substantial damage to a variety of crops throughout North America. Nonlethal methods for controlling damage are generally ineffective, and environmental and cost concerns have limited the availability of chemical repellents such as methiocarb. One means of potentially lowering the effective application rate of methiocarb and similar aversive compounds is by combining the treatment with sensory cues. We tested groups ( n = 4) of male Red-winged Blackbirds in a series of 4-day feeding trials using brown rice treated with 0.025% (g/g) methiocarb, five times less than the previously established effective bird repellent rate. Each methiocarb treatment suppressed rice consumption, whether the repellent was alone or combined with a visual (red dye) and/or volatile (methylpyrazine) cue. When rice treated with just the sensory cues was subsequently presented, the red dye, but not the methylpyrazine, continued to deter feeding on rice. These results show that postingestive chemical repellents such as methiocarb can be effective at reduced rates provided the repellent is paired with an aversive visual cue. The addition of aversive stimuli may be particularly useful in reducing damage to seeded crops and in protecting birds from incidental ingestion of toxic granular pesticides. Keywords: Agelaius PhoeniceusBird RepellentsMethiocarbRed-winged BlackbirdSensory Stimuli
Introduction of diffuse scattering to enhance ray-tracing methods for the analysis of deterministic indoor UWB radio channels (Invited Paper) (2007)

The paper presents a method to introduce the diffuse scattering into a deterministic 3D ultrawideband indoor simulator. The purpose it to enrich the wideband channel model with more phenomena inserted as pseudo-stochastic parameters. The model predicts the field strength as well as the specular contributions of the impulse responses, and then the diffuse scattering, which are all essential in the performance estimation of new radio systems (diversity, MIMO).
Gastrointestinal Blood Loss and Anemia in Runners (1984)

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, occurs commonly in long-distance runners, but the cause is unknown. The recent development of a simple quantitative assay for fecal hemoglobin, HemoQuant , allowed us to study whether gastrointestinal bleeding occurs in runners. Blood and stool samples were collected from 24 runners before and after a race of 10 to 42.2 km and from age- and sex-matched, nonrunning controls. The mean blood hemoglobin level and hematocrit were significantly lower in runners than in controls. Serum ferritin levels were below normal in 4 runners but in no controls. Fecal hemoglobin levels increased in 20 of 24 runners (p less than 0.01) after a race. Mean fecal hemoglobin level was 1.08 mg/g (range, 0.11 to 2.36) in controls and 0.99 mg/g (0.18 to 2.41) in runners before a race, but peaked at 3.96 mg/g (0.37 to 43.20) after a race. Competitive long-distance running induces gastrointestinal blood loss and may contribute to iron deficiency.
Micro torque measurements for a prototype turbine (1994)

Many applications for microengineered devices can be envisaged for actuators capable of doing work or transferring power. Millimetre order turbines are considered in this study for the development of torque and the possibilities for the delivery of work. A prototype microturbine, with overall thickness of less than a millimetre, was studied for its torque capabilities. The initial prototype was realized using precision mechanics although implementation of the turbine is planned using microengineering techniques. A viscous braking method was developed to measure the shaft torque of the turbine, demonstrating shaft coupling and the possibilities for power transfer. In order to validate the viscous braking method for torque measurement, a mechanical friction brake (dynamometer) was developed to compare the measurements obtained for a miniature electric motor of known characteristics. The results from this series of calibration experiments were then used to evaluate the performance of a microturbine prototype. The dynamometer torque measurements were found to closely agree with the manufacture's stated stall torque for the miniature motor of 1.8*10-4 N m. The viscous brake torque measurements were found to underestimate the motor torque by around 20% with slight variation related to the angular velocity of the shaft. Shaft torque measurements for the prototype microturbine were possible using the viscous brake but not the dynamometer. It was felt that 10-5 N m represented the lower limit for the dynamometer torque measurement while the viscous brake could address torques down to 10-8 N m. The fluid brake produced measurements of torque in the range of 10-7 N m for the microturbine. At this level only an order of magnitude accuracy is claimed because of some uncertainties with the fluid model used for the viscous brake torque calculation. The shaft torque range for the viscous brake was from 10-4 N m down to 10-8 N m; this might be extended by optimizing the fluid model.
Performance issues in WDM networks (2002)

We have discussed some issues concerning WDM network performance with a dynamic offered traffic by showing the results obtained by discrete-event simulation. Our work is essentially an analysis aimed at finding out which can be the most important parameters that must be taken into account in designing WDM networks in a dynamic environment. We believe that, thanks to optical technology improvement, the dynamic-traffic scenario will become more and more important in the future.
Quantification of Underivatized Fatty Acids From Vegetable Oils by HPLC with UV Detection (2010)

We propose a chromatographic method for the separation of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids by a high-performance liquid chromatography system, equipped with a photo diode array detector. Central to the method is the use of an appropriate mobile phase composed of acetonitrile, methanol, and n-hexane in ratio 90:8:2 acidified with 0.2% acetic acid, which allows the detection of fatty acids without a preliminary derivatization with chromophores or fluorescent dyes. Calibration on solutions of standards mixtures gives a quantification limit (at a wavelength of 208 nm) of 0.232, 0.093, 0.039, 0.056, 0.068, 0.004, 0.0005, 0.067 mg/mL for the myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, and erucic acids, respectively. The method, applied to different vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, soybean, and palm) was able to distinguish the main fatty acids and quantify their amount. Data reliability was tested by comparing our results (on the relative percentages of some fatty acids in the olive oil) with those obtained by gas chromatographic analysis. Differences of the order of 0.3%, 0.6%, 2%, and 6% were observed for the oleic, linoleic, palmitic, and linolenic acids. Although less accurate, our method proved to be a simple alternative to standard gas chromatographic technique, as it can be applied even using a simple UV detector.
The alkali metal thermoelectric converter /AMTEC/ - A new direct energy conversion technology for aerospace power (1982)

A thermally regenerative electrochemical device for the direct conversion of heat to electrical energy, the alkali metal thermoelectric converter (AMTEC), is characterized by potential efficiencies on the order of 15-40% and possesses no moving parts, making it a candidate for space power system applications. Device conversion efficiency is projected on the basis of experimental voltage vs current curves exhibiting power densities of 0.7 W/sq cm and measured electrode efficiencies of up to 40%. Preliminary radiative heat transfer measurements presented may be used in an investigation of methods for the reduction of AMTEC parasitic radiation losses. AMTEC assumes heat input and rejection temperatures of 900-1300 K and 400-800 K, respectively. The working fluid is liquid sodium, and the porous electrode employed is of molybdenum.
[Cancer of the breast: Interrelations betwpen the primary tumor and the axillary and internal mammary nodes]. (1977)

In a series of 300 patients operated for a cancer of the breast the internal and external mammary chain have been removed. The extemporaneous analysis has enable us to verify and complete the data collected at the clincial exmination. By this mean, we have selected on objective criteria the most favorables cases for conservative surgery. The histological examination of the lymph nodes shows a stricking relation between the T. and the N. This confirms the clinical conclusions. Finally we have shown that the appreciation of the T is of the outmost importance to predict an eventual envolvement of the internal mammary chain.