gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unstable periodic orbits and noise in chaos computing (2011)

Different methods to utilize the rich library of patterns and behaviors of a chaotic system have been proposed for doing computation or communication. Since a chaotic system is intrinsically unstable and its nearby orbits diverge exponentially from each other, special attention needs to be paid to the robustness against noise of chaos-based approaches to computation. In this paper unstable periodic orbits, which form the skeleton of any chaotic system, are employed to build a model for the chaotic system to measure the sensitivity of each orbit to noise, and to select the orbits whose symbolic representations are relatively robust against the existence of noise. Furthermore, since unstable periodic orbits are extractable from time series, periodic orbit-based models can be extracted from time series too. Chaos computing can be and has been implemented on different platforms, including biological systems. In biology noise is always present; as a result having a clear model for the effects of noise on any given biological implementation has profound importance. Also, since in biology it is hard to obtain exact dynamical equations of the system under study, the time series techniques we introduce here are of critical importance.
Induction Log Shoulder-Bed Corrections to Anisotropic Formations and the Effect of Shale Anisotropy in Thinly Laminated Sand/Shale Sequences (1997)

Summary We examine induction log responses to layered, dipping, and anisotropic formations analytically. The analytical model is especially helpful in understanding induction log responses to thinly laminated binary formations, such as sand/shale sequences that exhibit macro-scopically anisotropic resistivity. We discuss two applications of the analytical model. In one application, we examine special induction log shoulder-bed corrections for use when thin anisotropic beds are encountered. It is known that thinly laminated sand/shale sequences act as macroscopically anisotropic formations. Hydrocarbon-bearing formations also act as macroscopically anisotropic formations when they consist of alternating layers of different grainsize distributions. When such formations are thick, induction logs accurately read the macroscopic conductivity, from which the hydrocarbon saturation in the formations can be computed. When the laminated formations are not thick, proper shoulderbed corrections (or thinbed corrections) should be applied to obtain the true macroscopic formation conductivity and to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation more accurately. We use the analytical model to calculate the thinbed effect and to evaluate the shoulder-bed corrections. We show that the formation resistivity and, hence, the hydrocarbon saturation are greatly overestimated when the anisotropy effect is not accounted for and conventional shoulder-bed corrections are applied to the log responses from such laminated formations. In another application, we examine the effect of shale anisotropy in thinly laminated sand/shale sequences. How do induction logs respond to such laminated formations when shale laminae are anisotropic? How accurate are the estimates of the sand-laminae resistivity and of the hydrocarbon saturation in these sand laminae? To answer these questions, we used the analytical model to examine the effect of shale lamina anisotropy on induction log responses in thinly laminated formations. We learned that the macroscopic conductivity of a laminated formation is determined uniquely by the sandlaminae conductivity and the anisotropic shale conductivity, if the sand fraction is known. We also found that the sand resistivity estimate depends on the value of shale resistivity and the dip angle, if the shale is assumed to be isotropic and if the sand fraction is known. When the sand fraction is not known, the sand resistivity and the sand fraction can be estimated if the set of horizontal and vertical macroscopic resistivities is known. In this case, the sand resistivity tends to be overestimated if the shale anisotropy is not accounted for. On the other hand, the sand fraction estimate is generally insensitive to the shale anisotropy, except for low sand-laminae resistivity (Rsd/Rsh &lt; 5).
Quantitative Optoacoustic Signal Extraction Using Sparse Signal Representation (2009)

We report on a new quantification methodology of optoacoustic tomographic reconstructions under heterogeneous illumination conditions representative of realistic whole-body imaging scenarios. Our method relies on the differences in the spatial characteristics of the absorption coefficient and the optical energy density within the medium. By using sparse-representation based decomposition, we exploit these different characteristics to extract both the absorption coefficient and the photon density within the imaged object from the optoacoustic image. In contrast to previous methods, this algorithm is not based on the solution of theoretical light transport equations and it does not require explicit knowledge of the illumination geometry or the optical properties of the object and other unknown or loosely defined experimental parameters, leading to highly robust performance. The method was successfully examined with numerically and experimentally generated data and was found to be ideally suited for practical implementations in tomographic schemes of varying complexity, including multiprojection illumination systems and multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) studies of tissue biomarkers.
The Exploitation of Nematode-Responsive Plant Genes in Novel Nematode Control Methods (1996)

The molecular interactions between plants and sedentary nematodes are undergoing intense study, not only for reasons of fundamental research but also for the potential benefits to agriculture. The present technology allows the transformation of an increasing number of crop plants, providing new ways to introduce resistance against plant-parasitic nematodes. The ability of sedentary nematodes to induce specialized feeding sites in plant roots is one of the most fascinating aspects of this host–parasite interaction. Molecular approaches have been initiated to identify and characterize plant genes altered in expression after infection by sedentary nematodes. The results obtained indicate that many genes indeed become up-regulated upon nematode infection. Surprisingly, several so-called constitutive promoters that are normally used to achieve high expression in plant cells are completely ‘silenced’ in the feeding sites within days after nematode infection. Generally, there are two options available for the genetic engineering of nematode resistance: the synthesis of anti-nematode proteins or the localized production of a cytotoxic protein that interferes with the development of feeding cells. Nematode-induced promoters are very useful for the production by plants of sufficiently high levels of anti-nematode proteins at feeding sites. Alternatively, interfering with feeding-cell development is somewhat similar to the hypersensitive response evoked by nematodes in a naturally resistant plant. Here, destruction of specific plant cells can be achieved by the localized expression of a cytotoxin such as barnase, a potent ribonuclease. This approach, however, calls for a highly specific ‘non-leaky’ promoter, which is active only in the feeding cells. Another possibility is to use a two-component system, where the leakiness of the promoter in other tissues is counterbalanced by the constitutive expression of a neutralizing gene.
Superresolution of Rotating Objects. (1974)

Abstract : Temporal modulation holographic techniques using the Doppler frequency shift associated with the rotation of objects illuminated by laser light were employed to obtain lateral resolution much greater than the classical limit for an imaging system. For a particular illumination and observation direction, the light that is scattered from each lateral point on the rotating object has a unique optical carrier frequency. The object is imaged onto a photographic plate with a telescope and holographically recorded. The reference wave for this hologram is modulated to produce the same range of Doppler frequencies as from the object. Therefore, the temporal filtering property of the hologram decodes the time channel spread function into a spatial spread function.
Enhancing Android application bug reporting (2015)

The modern software development landscape has seen a shift in focus toward mobile applications as smartphones and tablets near ubiquitous adoption. Due to this trend, the complexity of these “apps” has been increasing, making development and maintenance challenging. Current bug tracking systems do not effectively facilitate the creation of bug reports with useful information that will directly lead to a bug’s resolution. To address the need for an improved reporting system, we introduce a novel solution, called Fusion, that helps reporters auto-complete reproduction steps in bug reports for mobile apps by taking advantage of their GUI-centric nature. Fusion links information, that reporters provide, to program artifacts extracted through static and dynamic analysis performed beforehand. This allows our system to facilitate the reporting process for developers and testers, while generating more reproducible bug reports with immediately actionable information.
High electron mobility GaN/Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>N heterostructures grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1991)

In this letter we report the first observation of enhanced electron mobility in GaN/AlxGa1−xN heterojunctions. These structures were deposited on basal plane sapphire using low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The electron mobility of a single heterojunction composed of 500 Å of Al0.09Ga0.91N deposited onto 0.3 μm of GaN was around 620 cm2/V s at room temperature as compared to 56 cm2/V s for bulk GaN of the same thickness deposited under identical conditions. The mobility for the single heterojunction increased to a value of 1600 cm2/V s at 77 K whereas the mobility of the 0.3 μm GaN layer alone peaked at 62 cm2/V s at 180 K and decreased to 19 cm2/V s at 77 K. A 18-layer multiple heterojunction structure displayed a peak mobility of 1980 cm2/V s at 77 K.
Neyman-Pearson detection of underwater bioacoustic signals (2016)

The use of passive acoustic for the classification, localization, and density estimation of populations of marine mammals is a current area of interest. It is a cheap and an efficient alternative to visual surveys. However, the lack of an efficient automatic detector for unknown marine mammal calls greatly undermines the feasibility of those tasks, especially when dealing with species showing a great variability of calls. This study adds one more step toward the fully automatic detection of unknown bioacoustic signals in impulsive, non-stationary, and colored ocean noise. The detection procedure is a two-steps fully statistical method solely based on the knowledge of the background noise in the spectrogram. The first step models the noise power as a chi-squared distribution, which parameter is estimated. The signal is then detected using a Neyman-Pearson approach, providing a binary spectrogram that contains false and true detections. The second step removes a significant amount of false detections from the binary spectrogram. The time-frequency distribution of false detections is fitted with a correlated binomial distribution, which is used to discriminate patches of detections (signal) from uniformly distributed detections (false alarms). Examples showing the applicability of this method on several real underwater sounds are presented.
Tunable Liquid Gradient Refractive Index (L-GRIN) lens with two degrees of freedom (2009)

We report a tunable optofluidic microlens configuration named the Liquid Gradient Refractive Index (L-GRIN) lens for focusing light within a microfluidic device. The focusing of light was achieved through the gradient refractive index (GRIN) within the liquid medium, rather than via curved refractive lens surfaces. The diffusion of solute (CaCl(2)) between side-by-side co-injected microfluidic laminar flows was utilized to establish a hyperbolic secant (HS) refractive index profile to focus light. Tailoring the refractive index profile by adjusting the flow conditions enables not only tuning of the focal distance (translation mode), but also shifting of the output light direction (swing mode), a second degree of freedom that to our knowledge has yet to be accomplished for in-plane tunable microlenses. Advantages of the L-GRIN lens also include a low fluid consumption rate, competitive focusing performance, and high compatibility with existing microfluidic devices. This work provides a new strategy for developing integrative tunable microlenses for a variety of lab-on-a-chip applications.
Sparse array imaging with spatially-encoded transmits (2002)

The frame rate in medical ultrasound imaging may be increased significantly by reducing the number of transmit firings per image frame. Cooley et al. (1994) and Lockwood et al. (1995) have described synthetic aperture imaging systems where each frame is imaged using data obtained from a small number of transmit elements fired in succession. These "synthetic transmit aperture" systems have potential for very high frame rates, but they also suffer from low SNR. Here, the authors present a method for increasing the SNR of such systems by using spatially-encoded transmits. The transmitted power is increased by having multiple active transmitters in each firing. The active transmitters are encoded in a spatial code which allows the received data to be subsequently sorted by each transmitter for synthetic aperture beamforming. The authors present the spatial coding and decoding theory and show experimental results to demonstrate its application.
A high-bandwidth electrical-waveform generator based on aperture-coupled striplines for OMEGA pulse-shaping applications (1998)

Summary form only given. Pulsed laser systems emit optical pulses having a temporal pulse shape characteristic of the particular type of laser design. Recent advances in technology have produced laser-pulse shaping systems where the laser temporal profile can be specified in advance and controlled to a high degree of accuracy. The present pulse-shaping system at Lawrence Livermore Laboratory consists of many components to shape optical pulses. This paper will discuss a greatly simplified pulse-shaping system that offers cost and performance benefits over current systems The key component in this system is the aperture-coupled stripline (ACSL) that generates shaped electrical waveforms.
Chromatographic Separation of Trivalent Actinides by Using Tertiary Pyridine Resin with Methanolic Nitric Acid Solutions (2004)

Chromatographic separation of trivalent actinides (Am, Cm and Cf) was performed by using a tertiary pyridine resin embedded in silica beads with methanolic nitric acid solutions. The trivalent actinides were eluted from the resin column in the reverse order of atomic numbers (Cf-Cm-Am). Higher concentration of methanol in the mixed solution accelerated both the adsorption of these elements on the resin and the separability for these elements. Americium was clearly separated from Cm and Cf by using a 1 cm-ø × 10 cm-height column with a 60vol% of methanol/40 vol% of concentrated nitric acid mixed solution at ambient temperature.
Isolation and Characterization of Trioxyethylene-Encapsulated Gold Nanoclusters Functionalized with a Single DNA Strand (2004)

A scalable means of isolating significant quantities of trioxyethylene-encapsulated gold nanoclusters (GNCs) labeled with a single DNA strand is demonstrated. Quantitative characterization of the product is obtained using UV−vis absorbance spectroscopy. These methods of isolation and characterization of singly functionalized GNC−ssDNA conjugates are expected to aid development of nanoscience applications that use DNA molecular recognition for guiding self-assembly.
Modification of Professional Antigen-Presenting Cells with Small Interfering RNA<i>In vivo</i>to Enhance Cancer Vaccine Potency (2005)

RNA interference using small interfering RNA (siRNA) is an effective means of silencing gene expression in cells. Intradermal administration of nucleic acids via gene gun represents an efficient method for delivering nucleic acids to professional antigen-presenting cells in vivo. In this study, we show that the coadministration of DNA vaccines encoding human papillomavirus type 16 E7 with siRNA targeting key proapoptotic proteins Bak and Bax prolongs the lives of antigen-expressing dendritic cells in the draining lymph nodes, enhances antigen-specific CD8(+) T-cell responses, and elicits potent antitumor effects against an E7-expressing tumor model in vaccinated mice. Our data indicate that intradermal administration of siRNA to manipulate gene expression represents a plausible strategy for modification of the properties of professional antigen-presenting cells in vivo to enhance cancer vaccine potency.
Non-MPM Mode Coding for Intra Prediction in Video Coding (2019)

In video coding, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) introduced 35 intra prediction modes. It employed a three most probable modes (MPM) based method to improve intra mode coding. This method significantly improved the performance by extracting three MPMs out of the 35 intra modes. Joint Video Exploration Team (JVET) defines 67 intra prediction modes for a possible future video coding standard. In the latest JVET development, six MPMs are chosen, and the remaining sixty-one modes are divided into 16 "selected" and 45 "non-selected" modes. These non-MPM modes are coded using fixed length coding. This paper proposes a method to select and order these non-MPM modes based on probability statistics. The modes that fall into selected category are coded using shorter codes and non-selected modes are coded using larger codes. Experimental results show performance improvement when compared to that of JEM 7.0.
Antidotal efficacies of the cyanide antidote candidate dimethyl trisulfide alone and in combination with cobinamide derivatives (2019)

Formulation optimization and antidotal combination therapy are the two important tools to enhance the antidotal protection of the cyanide (CN) antidote dimethyl trisulfide (DMTS). The focus of this study is to demonstrate how the formulation with polysorbate 80 (Poly80), an excipient used in pharmaceutical technology, and the combinations with other CN antidotes having different mechanisms of action enhance the antidotal efficacy of the unformulated (neat) DMTS. The LD<sub>50</sub> for CN was determined by the statistical Dixon up-and-down method on mice. Antidotal efficacy was expressed as antidotal potency ratio (APR). CN was injected subcutaneously one minute prior to the antidotes' injection intramuscularly. The APR values of 1.17 (dose: 25 mg/kg bodyweight) and 1.45 (dose: 50 mg/kg bodyweight) of the neat DMTS were significantly enhanced by the Poly80 formulation at both investigated doses to 2.03 and 2.33, respectively. The combination partners for the Poly80 formulated DMTS (DMTS-Poly80; 25 and 50 mg/kg bodyweight) were 4-nitrocobinamide (4NCbi) (20 mg/kg bodyweight) and aquohydroxocobinamide (AHCbi; 50, 100, and 250 mg/kg bodyweight). When DMTS-Poly80 (25 and 50 mg/kg bodyweight; APR = 2.03 and 2.33, respectively) was combined with 4NCbi (20 mg/kg bodyweight; APR = 1.35), significant increase in the APR values were noted at both DMTS doses (APR = 2.38 and 3.12, respectively). AHCbi enhanced the APR of DMTS-Poly80 (100 mg/kg bodyweight; APR = 3.29) significantly only at the dose of 250 mg/kg bodyweight (APR = 5.86). These studies provided evidence for the importance of the formulation with Poly80 and the combinations with cobinamide derivatives with different mechanisms of action for DMTS as a CN antidote candidate.
Pixel resolution plenoptic disparity using cost aggregation (2014)

We present a hierarchical method for estimating pixel resolution disparity from a raw Plenoptic 2.0 light field capture. Accurate pixel resolution disparity is essential for reconstruction of a high quality conventional image, and also for various applications that depend on disparity, like object segmentation, bokeh etc. Most light field disparity estimation methods in the literature compute disparity at microlens resolution, which is much lower than the resolution of the final reconstructed image. The algorithms that do compute pixel resolution disparity are iterative, making them computationally complex. The proposed method computes disparity hierarchically, in two steps. In the first step, microlens resolution disparity is computed, using which a conventional high resolution image is reconstructed. In the second step, globally smooth and accurate disparity is estimated at a pixel level on the reconstructed image, using the computationally efficient minimum spanning tree based cost aggregation approach. Experimental results demonstrate that the accuracy of the disparity maps generated by our method, in comparison to the Multibaseline and Raytrix algorithms is superior.
Recycling of printed wiring boards with mounted electronic parts (2002)

A practical technology has been developed for the recycling of printed wiring boards (PWBs) with electronic parts mounted on them. The recycling ratio of useful materials recovered from a test PWB with our method was 65%, as compared to 23% with a previous method of refining useful metals from the PWB as a whole. The electronic parts on the PWBs were effectively removed by combination of heating to above the melting point of solder and applying such external forces as impact, shear and vibration. We have developed an automatic part removal apparatus (practical model) on the basis of tests for the removal of electronic parts and of our measurements of the forces needed for part removal. The apparatus successfully removes through-hole devices (THDs) as well as surface mounted devices (SMDs) from PWBs with almost no damage. Most of the solder is also removed in this process, while that remaining on the resin board surface can effectively be removed later by surface abrading followed by heating/impacting. Tests shows final solder removal to total 96 wt%. After electronic part and solder removal, the resin-boards are pulverized, and the resulting materials are separated into a copper-rich powder and a powder consisting of glass fiber and resin (GR powder). The recovered electronic parts (including gold) are valuable metal resources for refining, while some have the potential to be reused for their original purpose after being checked for reliability. The copper-rich powder (copper content: 82 wt%) is also a valuable metal resource for refining.
Highly conductive electrolyte composites and method of fabrication thereof (1990)

An electrolyte composite is manufactured by pressurizing a mixture of ionically conductive glass and an ionically conductive compound at between 12,000 and 24,000 pounds per square inch to produce a pellet. The resulting pellet is then sintered at relatively lower temperatures (800{degrees}C--1200{degrees}C), for example 1000{degrees}C, than are typically required (1400{degrees}C) when fabricating single constituent ceramic electrolytes. The resultant composite is 100 percent conductive at 250{degrees}C with conductivity values of 2.5 to 4 {times} 10{sup {minus}2} (ohm-cm){sup {minus}1}. The matrix exhibits chemical stability against sodium for 100 hours at 250 to 300{degrees}C.