gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of gene therapy in combined modality treatment strategies for cancer. (2003)

Multimodality therapy has been widely used in cancer treatment for enhancing efficacy, reducing toxicity, and preventing or delaying development of resistance. However, as the difference in biochemical signals between normal and malignant cells is usually trivial, combinations of conventional therapies often cause intolerably high levels of toxicity in most cancer patients. Gene therapy uses genetically encoded functions to attack molecular events involved in the development and maintenance of malignancies, providing a molecular approach to eradicate cancer cells or to protect normal cells from the toxicity of conventional therapies. Furthermore, gene therapy can also be used to augment biochemical signals required for effective chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Recent preclinical studies have shown that synergistic effects can be achieved by combining gene therapy and conventional anticancer therapies. Moreover, several phase I/II clinical studies have demonstrated that anticancer gene therapy is well tolerated and that combining gene therapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or both, resulted in enhanced antitumor activity without increased toxicity. Favorable clinical responses, including a pathologically complete response, have been reported in a subset of patients with advanced disease or with cancers resistant to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Thus, combining gene therapy and conventional therapies may provide an improvement in the treatment of cancers, especially for those resistant to conventional therapies. This review focuses on the most recent achievements in cancer treatment by combining gene therapy with conventional therapies.
Florida Best Practice Psychotherapeutic Medication Guidelines for Adults With Major Depressive Disorder (2017)

The updated 2015 FPG provide concise, pragmatic, evidence-based decision support for treatment selection and sequencing for adults with MDD. Principles of practice include measurement-based care, priority to both psychiatric and medical comorbidity, identification of DSM-5-defined specifiers (eg, mixed features), suicide risk assessment, and evaluation of cognitive symptoms. The FPG have purposefully aimed to minimize emphasis on "expert opinion" and instead differentially emphasized extant evidence for pharmacologic treatments.
A bistable shape memory microswitch with high energy density (2010)

A novel concept and various layouts of a bistable microswitch are presented, that combine an antagonistic shape memory alloy (SMA) actuation mechanism with two end positions, and magnetic components to maintain the end positions in the power-off state. The antagonistic SMA actuation mechanism consists of two mechanically coupled freely suspended TiNi microbridges of 20 µm thickness that are pre-strained with respect to each other. The electro-thermo-mechanical response of the coupled microbridges is investigated for various degrees of pre-strain to determine the maximum actuation stroke, minimum required magnetic retention force and maximum switching force. Different layout variants consisting of hard- and soft-magnetic microstructures are compared and evaluated for magnetic retention. The optimization of the ferromagnetic attraction force of a specific layout is shown by finite element simulations. First demonstrator microswitches with outer dimensions of about 7 × 7 × 4 mm3 are presented that show large work outputs featuring strokes and contact forces up to 84 µm and 30 mN, respectively.
Development and Clinical Implementation of Next Generation Very Light Weight and Extremely Flexible Receiver Arrays for Pediatric MRI (2017)

We develop a novel next generation light-weight highly flexible pediatric coil array, combine it with a high-density pediatric posterior array or conventional posterior phased array, and determine feasibility of pediatric clinical use. A highly flexible 16 element MRI receiver coil was constructed with low-profile noise controlling preamplifiers that minimized reactive and resistive coupling. Element decoupling was assessed in flat and highly flexed states. With IRB approval and informed consent and assent, 24 consecutive subjects undergoing torso or extremity MRI were prospectively recruited. Care team members were surveyed on preference for the coil versus conventional coils and diagnostic acceptability of the images was recorded. Confidence interval of proportion of diagnostic exams was calculated. The array without cable weighed 480 grams, demonstrated good flexibility while maintaining element decoupling. The coil was preferred by all nurses and anesthesiologists involved in the care of the patients. Technologists preferred the coil in 96 percent of cases, and 23 of 24 exams were diagnostically adequate with 85 percent confidence interval of 90-100 percent. Light-weight highly flexible coil arrays can be constructed that maintain element decoupling. Pediatric clinical image quality is likely to be diagnostic, with acceptance by members of the care team.
Forecasting for planning: Qualitative techniques (1975)

In our first two articles, we described the new environment in which we are living, its impact on forecasting and decision‐making, and the importance of being able to identify turning points in a dynamic environment. Because the influence of new factors on system dynamics may preclude the use of quantitative methods for establishing historical relationships, the need for qualitative techniques has increased due to deviations from historical trends and relations, changes in consumer attitudes and preferences, energy and ecology considerations, emphasis on the individual's ability to shape community and social strategies, and other such factors.
Perception Based Locomotion System for a Humanoid Robot with Adaptive Footstep Compensation under Task Constraints (2018)

In order to accurately reach a target position while executing a task which imposes occlusion or constraints of the posture, a humanoid robot requires an adaptive locomotion system, which can comprehensively integrate localization, environmental mapping, global locomotion planning and local error correction. In this paper, we propose a method of constructing a perception based locomotion system for a humanoid robot. The major contribution of this paper is solving a problem of the locomotion error caused by the task constraints, by locally compensating footsteps and assessing the need for global footstep re-planning online based on environmental measurements. The proposed system provides an accurate and dense ground point cloud, called HeightField, using plane estimation and space interpolation, and obstacle point cloud for frequent collision avoidance by accumulating laser scans. This environmental perception enables a humanoid robot to plan footsteps globally even in the situation where the sight of the robot is limited and compensate footsteps while estimating landing state during locomotion online with the localization result. We evaluated the practicality of the proposed system by applying it to our humanoid robot carrying a heavy object in a construction site and confirmed that the proposed system contributed to improved locomotion abilities of a humanoid robot engaging in heavy-duty or dangerous tasks.
Architecture for a digital programmable image processing element (2005)

A very high speed integrated circuit is required to perform a 3-pixel-by-3-pixel sliding window convolution over an image. To perform this on real-time video requires on the order of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\frac{9 mult}{pixel} \times \frac{512^{2} pixels}{frame}</tex> or 71 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> multiplies/sec. A device has been designed to perform 90 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> multiply-accumulate operations/sec. using 8-bit input words and providing full precision output. Since the device can perform general vector multiplication, it is therefore useful for general digital filtering. Sets of devices may be used to increase accuracy or to chain together to form high-order FIR filters, This paper describes the algorithms and architecture used within the device.
A particle filter to track multiple objects (2002)

We address the problem of tracking multiple objects encountered in many situations in signal or image processing. We consider stochastic dynamic systems nonlinearly and incompletely observed. The difficulty lies on the fact that the estimation of the states requires the assignation of the observations to the multiple targets. We propose an extension of the classical particle filter where the stochastic vector of assignation is estimated by a Gibbs sampler. The merit of the method is assessed in bearings-only context and we present one application in image-based tracking.
Bioavailability of pseudoephedrine from controlled release formulations in the presence of guaifenesin in human volunteers (1995)

A multiple-dose bioequivalence study with six healthy human volunteers was conducted. The bioavailability of an experimental controlled release tablet containing pseudoephedrine was compared with a marketed controlled release pseudoephedrine capsule in a three-way crossover study. Plasma samples, collected serially after oral drug administration, were analyzed for pseudoephedrine content using a specific HPLC method with UV detection. The bioavailability parameters, area under the concentration-time curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration Cmax, and time to peak (Tmax) were obtained from the plasma concentration-time data. Additionally, model independent pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated. Analysis of variance of the data revealed no statistically significant differences between the test and the reference formulation. The presence of guaifenesin in the sustained release tablet did not influence pseudoephedrine bioavailability. The relative bioavailability of the tablet dosage form with respect to the capsule was found to be 100.8%. Classical and Westlake 95% confidence limits as well as the two one-sided t test, proposed by Schuirmann, and the Anderson-Hauck power analysis supported the inference that the two formulations demonstrated comparable bioavailabilty, even in the presence of guaifenesin. Using a non-linear regression program, it was found that the pharmacokinetics of pseudoephedrine followed a simple one-compartment disposition model with no lag time. Additionally, an in vitro-in vivo correlation, based on the estimation of cumulative relative fraction absorbed, was developed between the absorption of pseudoephedrine in humans and the in vitro dissolution time.
Identifying challenges towards practical quantum advantage through resource estimation: the measurement roadblock in the variational quantum eigensolver (2020)

Recent advances in Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices have brought much attention to the potential of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) and related techniques to provide practical quantum advantage in computational chemistry. However, it is not yet clear whether such algorithms, even in the absence of device error, could achieve quantum advantage for systems of practical interest and how large such an advantage might be. To address these questions, we have performed an exhaustive set of benchmarks to estimate number of qubits and number of measurements required to compute the combustion energies of small organic molecules to within chemical accuracy using VQE as well as state-of-the-art classical algorithms. We consider several key modifications to VQE, including the use of Frozen Natural Orbitals, various Hamiltonian decomposition techniques, and the application of fermionic marginal constraints. Our results indicate that although Frozen Natural Orbitals and low-rank factorizations of the Hamiltonian significantly reduce the qubit and measurement requirements, these techniques are not sufficient to achieve practical quantum computational advantage in the calculation of organic molecule combustion energies. This suggests that new approaches to estimation leveraging quantum coherence, such as Bayesian amplitude estimation [arXiv:2006.09350, arXiv:2006.09349], may be required in order to achieve practical quantum advantage with near-term devices. Our work also highlights the crucial role that resource and performance assessments of quantum algorithms play in identifying quantum advantage and guiding quantum algorithm design.
A Clinical Phase II Study to Assess Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Waterfree Cyclosporine Formulation for Treatment of Dry Eye Disease (2019)

CyclASol showed efficacy, safety, and tolerability at 2 concentrations in moderate-to-severe DED. In a direct head-to-head against open-label Restasis, CyclASol was found to have an earlier onset of action, as early as after 2 weeks of treatment, in relieving the signs of DED, as measured by corneal and conjunctival staining. The central region of the cornea, an important area for visual function in dry eye sufferers, was shown to have the most benefit from treatment. Excellent safety, tolerability, and comfort profile supports this new CsA formulation as having a positive benefit-to-risk ratio.
Autosomal primary immunodeficiencies affecting human bone marrow B‐cell differentiation (2000)

Since the initial report of X-linked agammaglobulinemia by Bruton, numerous autosomal primary immune deficiencies affecting early B-cell differentiation have been described in humans. The identification of these autosomal mutations has been facilitated by phenotype comparison with knockout mice. In mice, defects in B-cell development have been observed after disruption of genes encoding transcription factors, the interleukin-7 pathways as well as structural or signaling components of the pre-B-cell receptor. In general, the phenotypes of primary immune deficiencies in humans correlate with those observed in mutant mice, validating the use of the mouse model approach. In addition, we report a follow-up analysis of an autosomal primary deficiency in a young female patient born from consanguinous parents and characterized by the absence of pre-B and B-cell compartments. The patient's gene defect was identified as a cytosine insertion at the beginning of the CH1 exon of the Ig(mu) gene, resulting in a stop codon at position 48 and the absence of Ig(mu) chain expression. The precise phenotype of this patient is compared to other autosomal primary immunodeficiencies affecting humans and mice.
MMD GAN: Towards Deeper Understanding of Moment Matching Network (2017)

Generative moment matching network (GMMN) is a deep generative model that differs from Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) by replacing the discriminator in GAN with a two-sample test based on kernel maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). Although some theoretical guarantees of MMD have been studied, the empirical performance of GMMN is still not as competitive as that of GAN on challenging and large benchmark datasets. The computational efficiency of GMMN is also less desirable in comparison with GAN, partially due to its requirement for a rather large batch size during the training. In this paper, we propose to improve both the model expressiveness of GMMN and its computational efficiency by introducing adversarial kernel learning techniques, as the replacement of a fixed Gaussian kernel in the original GMMN. The new approach combines the key ideas in both GMMN and GAN, hence we name it MMD GAN. The new distance measure in MMD GAN is a meaningful loss that enjoys the advantage of weak topology and can be optimized via gradient descent with relatively small batch sizes. In our evaluation on multiple benchmark datasets, including MNIST, CIFAR- 10, CelebA and LSUN, the performance of MMD-GAN significantly outperforms GMMN, and is competitive with other representative GAN works.
Mechanical and Thermal Management Characteristics of Ultrahigh Surface Area Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Aerogels (2012)

Abstract Lightweight aerogels with large specific surface area (SSA) have numerous applications. Free‐standing aerogels are created from single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), and their SSA and pore characteristics, electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, and thermal management attributes are determined. The SSA of the aerogels is extraordinarily high and approaches 1291 m 2 g −1 at a density of 7.3 mg mL −1 , which is close to the theoretical limit (≈1315 m 2 g −1 ). Mechanical characterization shows that these aerogels have open‐cell structures and their Young's moduli are higher than other aerogels at comparable density. The aerogels also enhance heat transfer in a forced convective process by ≈85%, presumably due to their large porosity and surface area.
Pitfalls in respiratory monitoring of premature infants during kangaroo care. (1995)

The reliability of respiratory monitoring, using either chest or back electrodes, was studied in 13 preterm infants during kangaroo care (infant-parent skin to skin contact). In three out of four infants with chest electrodes both infant and parental respiration were clearly visible on pneumograms. In these infants apnoeic pauses were not registered because parental respiration was recorded as infant breathing. Bradycardia and oxygen saturation were, however, properly registered. In infants with electrodes placed on the back infant respiration was less superimposed by parental breathing. However, even in some of these infants parental respiration was visible in the pneumograms. It is concluded that during kangaroo care the electrodes should be placed on the back and monitoring should always include heart rate and oxygen saturation.
AUTOMATED CLASSIFICATION OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL LEUKOCYTES (1974)

The development of an automated system for counting and classifying normal and abnormal leukocytes in peripheral blood smears is described. General requirements are discussed and the results of a simulation experiment are presented. A sample of 1572 leukocytes, divided equally among 17 types, was photographed and analyzed using computerized pattern recognition techniques. Various geometrical, color and texture parameters were extracted from the cell images and an optimal set of 20 were used in several computerized classification runs. Training on one-half of the sample and classifying the other half resulted in an over-all correct classification of between 67 and 77% depending on the definition of classification error. When only normal cells are considered, correct classification is obtained for 9l.5% of the cells.
Beyond Continuous Delivery: An Empirical Investigation of Continuous Deployment Challenges (2017)

Context: A growing number of software organizations have been adopting Continuous DElivery (CDE) and Continuous Deployment (CD) practices. Researchers have started investing significant efforts in studying different aspects of CDE and CD. Many studies refer to CDE (i.e., where an application is potentially capable of being deployed) and CD (i.e., where an application is automatically deployed to production on every update) as synonyms and do not distinguish them from each other. Despite CDE being successfully adopted by a large number of organizations, it is not empirically known why organizations still are unable or demotivated to have automatic and continuous deployment (i.e., CD practice). Goal: This study aims at empirically investigating and classifying the factors that may impact on adopting and implementing CD practice. Method: We conducted a mixed-method empirical study consisting of interviewing 21 software practitioners, followed by a survey with 98 respondents. Results: Our study reveals 11 confounding factors that limit or demotivate software organizations to push changes automatically and continuously to production. The most important ones are "lack of automated (user) acceptance test", "manual quality check", "deployment as business decision", "insufficient level of automated test coverage", and "highly bureaucratic deployment process". Conclusion: Our findings highlight several areas for future research and provide suggestions for practitioners to streamline deployment process.
A general method for labeling oligodeoxynucleotides with 18F for in vivo PET imaging (1997)

This paper describes an original general method for the synthesis of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) carrying the positron emitter 18F. The labeling strategy developed is simple, reliable, independent of backbone modifications and base sequence. It should be of general applicability for the labeling of natural or modified ODN, provided that the latter bear a phosphorothioate group at their 3′ end, and it should be easily transposable to other radiohalogenes such as 76Br or 123I. The methodology we developed uses recently preparative-scale commercially available 3′-phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotides and is based on the efficient coupling reaction of oligodeoxynucleotides, containing a single phosphorothioate monoester, and N-(4-radiohalobenzyl)-2-bromoacetamide. Yields of 40–45% (decay corrected) of pure [18F]N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-(ACCGATCCG3′-ps)-acetamide [18F]-(1) (around 30 mCi or 1.1 GBq) were obtained for the whole synthetic procedure (220 minutes) with respect to [18F]fluoride ion, with specific radioactivities as high as 3 Ci/μmole (111 TBq/μmol) calculated for End of Bombardment (or 750 mCi/μmole (28 TBq/μmol) at End of Synthesis) for a 15 μA, 60 min (54000 μC) irradiation of a 50% [18O]-enriched water target with a 16 MeV proton beam [18O(p,n)18F]. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ranking translations using error analysis and quality estimation (2013)

We describe TerrorCat, a submission to this year’s metrics shared task. It is a machine learning-based metric that is trained on manual ranking data from WMT shared tasks 2008–2012. Input features are generated by applying automatic translation error analysis to the translation hypotheses and calculating the error category frequency differences. We additionally experiment with adding quality estimation features in addition to the error analysis-based ones. When evaluated against WMT’2012 rankings, the systemlevel agreement is rather high for several language pairs.
Super-resolution Imaging of the Cytokinetic Z Ring in Live Bacteria Using Fast 3D-Structured Illumination Microscopy (f3D-SIM) (2014)

Imaging of biological samples using fluorescence microscopy has advanced substantially with new technologies to overcome the resolution barrier of the diffraction of light allowing super-resolution of live samples. There are currently three main types of super-resolution techniques - stimulated emission depletion (STED), single-molecule localization microscopy (including techniques such as PALM, STORM, and GDSIM), and structured illumination microscopy (SIM). While STED and single-molecule localization techniques show the largest increases in resolution, they have been slower to offer increased speeds of image acquisition. Three-dimensional SIM (3D-SIM) is a wide-field fluorescence microscopy technique that offers a number of advantages over both single-molecule localization and STED. Resolution is improved, with typical lateral and axial resolutions of 110 and 280 nm, respectively and depth of sampling of up to 30 µm from the coverslip, allowing for imaging of whole cells. Recent advancements (fast 3D-SIM) in the technology increasing the capture rate of raw images allows for fast capture of biological processes occurring in seconds, while significantly reducing photo-toxicity and photobleaching. Here we describe the use of one such method to image bacterial cells harboring the fluorescently-labelled cytokinetic FtsZ protein to show how cells are analyzed and the type of unique information that this technique can provide.