gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of early and late replication events in induction of apoptosis by baculoviruses (1997)

Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) mutants that lack the apoptotic suppressor gene p35 cause apoptosis in Spodoptera frugiperda SF21 cells. To identify a viral signal(s) that induces programmed cell death, we first defined the timing of apoptotic events during infection. Activation of a P35-inhibitable caspase, intracellular fragmentation of host and AcMNPV DNA, and cell membrane blebbing coincided with the initiation of viral DNA synthesis between 9 and 12 h after infection and thus suggested that apoptotic signaling begins at or before this time. Virus entry was required since binding of budded virus to host cell receptors alone was insufficient to induce apoptosis. To therefore determine the contribution of early and late replication events to apoptotic signaling, we used the AcMNPV mutant ts8 with a temperature-sensitive lesion in the putative helicase gene p143. At the nonpermissive temperature at which viral DNA synthesis was conditionally blocked, ts8 caused extensive apoptosis of the SF21 cell line p3576D, which dominantly interferes with anti-apoptotic function of viral P35. Confirming that apoptosis can be induced in the absence of normal viral DNA synthesis, parental SF21 cells also underwent apoptosis when infected with a ts8 p35 deletion mutant at the nonpermissive temperature. However, maximum levels of ts8 p35 deletion mutant-induced apoptosis required a temperature-sensitive event(s) that included the initiation of viral DNA synthesis. Collectively, these data suggested that baculovirus-induced apoptosis can be triggered by distinct early (pre-DNA synthesis) and late replicative events, including viral DNA synthesis or late gene expression.
Intracranial Calcifications and Hemorrhages: Characterization with Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (2013)

QSM is superior to GRE phase imaging in the differentiation of intracranial calcifications from hemorrhages and with regard to the sensitivity and specificity of detecting hemorrhages and the specificity of detecting calcifications.
Optimized, One-Step, Recovery-Enrichment Broth for Enhanced Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in Pasteurized Milk and Hot Dogs (2002)

A one-step, recovery-enrichment broth, optimized Penn State University (oPSU) broth, was developed to consistently detect low levels of injured and uninjured Listeria monocytogenes cells in ready-to-eat foods. The oPSU broth contains special selective agents that inhibit growth of background flora without inhibiting recovery of injured Listeria cells. After recovery in the anaerobic section of oPSU broth, Listeria cells migrated to the surface, forming a black zone. This migration separated viable from nonviable cells and the food matrix, thereby reducing inhibitors that prevent detection by molecular methods. The high Listeria-to-background ratio in the black zone resulted in consistent detection of low levels of L. monocytogenes in pasteurized foods by both cultural and molecular methods, and greatly reduced both false-negative and false-positive results. oPSU broth does not require transfer to a secondary enrichment broth, making it less laborious and less subject to external contamination than 2-step enrichment protocols. Addition of 150mM D-serine prevented germination of Bacillus spores, but not the growth of vegetative cells. Replacement of D-serine with 12 mg/L acriflavin inhibited growth of vegetative cells of Bacillus spp. without inhibiting recovery of injured Listeria cells. oPSU broth may allow consistent detection of low levels of injured and uninjured cells of L. monocytogenes in pasteurized foods containing various background microflora.
Optimizing Stencil Computations for NVIDIA Kepler GPUs (2014)

We present a series of optimization techniques for stencil computations on NVIDIA Kepler GPUs. Stencil computations with regular grids had been ported to the older generations of NVIDIA GPUs with signicant performance improvements thanks to the higher memory bandwidth than conventional CPU-only systems. However, because of the architectural changes introduced with the latest generation of the GPU architecture, Kepler, we show that existing implementation strategies used for such older GPUs are not as eective on Kepler as before. To fully exploit the potential performance of the latest generation of the GPU architecture, our implementation method uses shared memory for better data locality combined with warp specialization for higher instruction throughput. Our method achieves approximately 80% of the estimated peak performance by the rooine model, and even higher performance with temporal blocking.
Image-content classification using a dynamically allocated ALISA texture module (2002)

ALISA (adaptive learning image and signal analysis) is an adaptive learning image and signal classification engine based on the collective learning systems theory. Using supervised training, the ALISA engine builds a set of multidimensional feature histograms that estimate the joint probability density function of the feature space for each trained class. Six general-purpose features, one with a precision of 60 bins and the rest with 20 bins, were used to build a dynamically allocated sparse data structure instead of a complete static structure for each class. During the training of the new dynamically allocated ALISA with 6 different classes (sky, water, skin, rose, evergreen, and grass), a total about 12,000,000 counts were accumulated during training, generating fewer than 150,000 unique feature vectors. The results demonstrate the classification of several test images for each of the 6 trained classes. Much work remains to be done to optimize the new dynamically allocated ALISA classifier, but the initial results are encouraging.
Highly Predictive Accelerated Weathering of Engineering Thermoplastics (2003)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Current accelerated weathering protocols such as SAE J1960 or ASTM G26 do not provide reliable, predictive results for engineering thermoplastics. Correlation factors among resin types and even different colors of a single resin have variations that are 60-100% of the mean at the 95% confidence level, making these tests useless for lifetime prediction or even reliable ranking of materials. We have developed improved conditions using CIRA/sodalime-filtered xenon arc, a more rain-like water spray, and occasional sponge-wiping of the samples. The data for gloss loss and color shift agree very well with Florida data giving a correlation factor of 3100±680 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> (at 340 nm) per Florida year at the 95% confidence level. The acceleration factor is 7.6x.</div>
The Control of Labor (1999)

Labor is the physiologic process by which a fetus is expelled from the uterus to the outside world. Labor is defined as an increase in myometrial activity or, more precisely, a switch in the pattern of myometrial contractility from irregular contractures (long-lasting, low-frequency activity) to regular contractions (high-intensity, high-frequency activity),1 resulting in effacement and dilatation of the uterine cervix. In normal labor, there appears to be a time-dependent relation between the biochemical changes in the connective tissue in the cervix that usually precede uterine contractions and cervical dilatation. All these events usually occur before the spontaneous rupture of the fetal . . .
Plasma concentration and side-effects of terbutaline. (1984)

Infusion of terbutaline sulphate (0.25 mg) was followed by increases of plasma insulin and blood glucose concentrations and by a decrease in plasma potassium. Similar metabolic changes were seen on the first day of oral terbutaline administration (5 mg, 3 times daily). Heart rate was moderately increased by terbutaline over the entire period (13 days) of oral dosing. Hand tremor always increased after terbutaline, but to a lesser degree on days 5 and 13 than after the first oral dose. On day 13, there was a very small increase in plasma insulin and no reduction in plasma potassium. Blood glucose increased slightly from an elevated morning value. Plasma terbutaline showed similar maximum concentrations on days 1 and 13. Since the concentration at the effector organs should be at least as high on day 13 as on day 1, these findings indicate that the tolerance was mediated through reduced response of the effector organs.
Down-regulation of membrana granulosa cell gap junctions is correlated with irreversible commitment to resume meiosis in golden Syrian hamster oocytes. (1989)

One of the currently popular hypotheses for the regulation of meiotic resumption in mammalian oocytes proposes that the preovulatory surge of luteinizing hormone causes down-regulation of follicular gap junctions, which in turn disrupts transfer of a meiotic arrester from the somatic cells into the oocyte. The present study has investigated this hypothesis by examining the integrity of membrana granulosa cell gap junctions during the period of irreversible commitment to maturation of golden Syrian hamster oocytes in vivo. Our results have revealed a significant progressive decrease in the fractional area of cell surface occupied by gap junction membrane with increasing percentage of oocytes irreversibly committed to mature (1.946% and 0.921% fractional gap junction area at 0% and 100% oocytes irreversibly committed to mature, respectively, P less than 0.05). This net loss of membrana granulosa cell gap junctions from the cell surface was accompanied by a significant decrease in density of gap junction particles, whether they were arranged in rectilinear or non-rectilinear packing patterns. Furthermore, the number of gap junction particles per unit area of surface membrane scanned also underwent a significant progressive decrease with increasing percentage of oocytes irreversibly committed to mature. These data with the hamster are consistent with the hypothesis that down-regulation of membrana granulosa cell gap junctions may be of central importance in the regulation of gonadotropic stimulation of meiotic resumption in mammalian oocytes.
Emergency Services in Future Intelligent Transportation Systems Based on Vehicular Communication Networks (2010)

Over the years, we have harnessed the power of computing to improve the speed of operations and increase in productivity. Also, we have witnessed the merging of computing and telecommunications. This excellent combination of two important fields has propelled our capability even further, allowing us to communicate anytime and anywhere, improving our work flow and increasing our quality of life tremendously. The next wave of evolution we foresee is the convergence of telecommunication, computing, wireless, and transportation technologies. Once this happens, our roads and highways will be both our communications and transportation platforms, which will completely revolutionize when and how we access services and entertainment, how we communicate, commute, navigate, etc., in the coming future. This paper presents an overview of the current state-of-the-art, discusses current projects, their goals, and finally highlights how emergency services and road safety will evolve with the blending of vehicular communication networks with road transportation.
Transparent Data Deduplication in the Cloud (2015)

Cloud storage providers such as Dropbox and Google drive heavily rely on data deduplication to save storage costs by only storing one copy of each uploaded file. Although recent studies report that whole file deduplication can achieve up to 50% storage reduction, users do not directly benefit from these savings-as there is no transparent relation between effective storage costs and the prices offered to the users. In this paper, we propose a novel storage solution, ClearBox, which allows a storage service provider to transparently attest to its customers the deduplication patterns of the (encrypted) data that it is storing. By doing so, ClearBox enables cloud users to verify the effective storage space that their data is occupying in the cloud, and consequently to check whether they qualify for benefits such as price reductions, etc. ClearBox is secure against malicious users and a rational storage provider, and ensures that files can only be accessed by their legitimate owners. We evaluate a prototype implementation of ClearBox using both Amazon S3 and Dropbox as back-end cloud storage. Our findings show that our solution works with the APIs provided by existing service providers without any modifications and achieves comparable performance to existing solutions.
Fatty acid biosynthesis revisited: structure elucidation and metabolic engineering (2014)

Fatty acids are primary metabolites synthesized by complex, elegant, and essential biosynthetic machinery. Fatty acid synthases resemble an iterative assembly line, with an acyl carrier protein conveying the growing fatty acid to necessary enzymatic domains for modification. Each catalytic domain is a unique enzyme spanning a wide range of folds and structures. Although they harbor the same enzymatic activities, two different types of fatty acid synthase architectures are observed in nature. During recent years, strained petroleum supplies have driven interest in engineering organisms to either produce more fatty acids or specific high value products. Such efforts require a fundamental understanding of the enzymatic activities and regulation of fatty acid synthases. Despite more than one hundred years of research, we continue to learn new lessons about fatty acid synthases' many intricate structural and regulatory elements. In this review, we summarize each enzymatic domain and discuss efforts to engineer fatty acid synthases, providing some clues to important challenges and opportunities in the field.
FTIR Study of Carbon Monoxide Oxidation and Scrambling at Room Temperature over Gold Supported on ZnO and TiO<sub>2</sub>. 2 (1996)

An FTIR and quadrupole mass spectroscopic study of CO adsorption and oxidation with 16O2 and 18O2 is presented together with coadsorption experiments of CO and water on gold supported on ZnO and TiO2. The experimental results are closely related to those presented in the parallel paper on copper catalysts supported on the same oxides. The most important points are as follows: (i) CO is found to be activated on the metallic particles on two kinds of sites, the normal terrace sites and sites at the borderline of the particles; (ii) there is evidence that on the examined samples there are metallic sites which are able to adsorb both oxygen and carbon monoxide molecules at the same time; (iii) carbon dioxide and carbonate-like species are formed; the asymmetric stretching frequencies of CO2, the quadrupole mass spectroscopic analysis, and the IR spectra analysis reveal that with 18O2, different isotopic molecular CO2 is formed while the carbonate-like species have the same frequencies of those produced in 16O2; (iv) there are two independent pathways for CO oxidation, a rapid direct oxidation of CO at the surface of the metallic particles and a slow induced oxidation with the surface lattice oxygen species of the supports; (v) evidence is found that CO−H2O coadsorption experiments produce atomic hydrogen on Au/ZnO, not on Au/TiO2.
Simulation of germanium nanobeam electro-optical 2 × 2 switches and 1 × 1 modulators for the 2 to 5 µm infrared region (2016)

This paper proposes and analyzes resonant Si-based electro-optical modulators and switches that use Ge-on-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> nanobeams (NBs) operating at 2 to 5 µm wavelengths. The wavelength of operation can be extended to 15 µm by mounting the Ge channel waveguides on a bulk Si chip. Electrons and holes are injected into the intrinsic Ge NB cavity center via thin P- and N- doped Ge wings on the NB (a lateral PIN diode at ~0.5 V forward bias). Simulations of the carrier-induced resonance-wavelength shift-and-damping in a 1 × 1 modulator show 6 dB of extinction at ~60 fJ/bit over the mid infrared. The NB's active length is λ-scale. The cavity uses tapered-diameter air holes. Intensity modulation at ~1 Gb/s appears feasible. High-performance 2 × 2 switching is predicted by embedding one NB in each arm of a Mach-Zehnder device. The resonance of each identical NB is shifted by the same Δλ via carrier injection. Calculations show very low insertion loss and crosstalk in both the cross and bar states; however, the cross-to-bar energy, around 8 pJ/bit, is much higher than that in the 2 × 2 version that employs PN-junction carrier depletion.
Genetic Parameters for Milk Yield and Lactation Persistency Using Random Regression Models in Girolando Cattle (2015)

A total of 32,817 test-day milk yield (TDMY) records of the first lactation of 4,056 Girolando cows daughters of 276 sires, collected from 118 herds between 2000 and 2011 were utilized to estimate the genetic parameters for TDMY via random regression models (RRM) using Legendre's polynomial functions whose orders varied from 3 to 5. In addition, nine measures of persistency in milk yield (PSi) and the genetic trend of 305-day milk yield (305MY) were evaluated. The fit quality criteria used indicated RRM employing the Legendre's polynomial of orders 3 and 5 for fitting the genetic additive and permanent environment effects, respectively, as the best model. The heritability and genetic correlation for TDMY throughout the lactation, obtained with the best model, varied from 0.18 to 0.23 and from -0.03 to 1.00, respectively. The heritability and genetic correlation for persistency and 305MY varied from 0.10 to 0.33 and from -0.98 to 1.00, respectively. The use of PS7 would be the most suitable option for the evaluation of Girolando cattle. The estimated breeding values for 305MY of sires and cows showed significant and positive genetic trends. Thus, the use of selection indices would be indicated in the genetic evaluation of Girolando cattle for both traits.
Controlled Field Release of a Bioluminescent Genetically Engineered Microorganism for Bioremediation Process Monitoring and Control (2000)

Pseudomonas fluorescens HK44 represents the first genetically engineered microorganism approved for field testing in the United States for bioremediation purposes. Strain HK44 harbors an introduced lux gene fused within a naphthalene degradative pathway, thereby allowing this recombinant microbe to bioluminesce as it degrades specific polyaromatic hydrocarbons such as naphthalene. The bioremediation process can therefore be monitored by the detection of light. P. fluorescens HK44 was inoculated into the vadose zone of intermediate-scale, semicontained soil lysimeters contaminated with naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene, and the population dynamics were followed over an approximate 2-year period in order to assess the long-term efficacy of using strain HK44 for monitoring and controlling bioremediation processes. Results showed that P. fluorescens HK44 was capable of surviving initial inoculation into both hydrocarbon contaminated and uncontaminated soils and was recoverable from these soils 660 days post inoculation. It was also demonstrated that strain HK44 was capable of generating bioluminescence in response to soil hydrocarbon bioavailability. Bioluminescence approaching 166 000 counts/s was detected in fiber optic-based biosensor devices responding to volatile polyaromatic hydrocarbons, while a portable photomultiplier module detected bioluminescence at an average of 4300 counts/s directly from soil-borne HK44 cells within localized treatment areas. The utilization of lux-based bioreporter microorganisms therefore promises to be a viable option for in situ determination of environmental contaminant bioavailability and biodegradation process monitoring and control.
The Identification and Elimination of Non-Independent Balance Planes in Influence Coefficient Balancing (1982)

The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, to discuss the origin and symptoms of the non-independent balance plane problem and thus alert the balancing engineer to its existence; and, second, to provide a systematic method for identifying and eliminating this problem which is consistent with the general influence coefficient balancing procedure.
Perpendicular exchange bias mechanism in FePt∕FeMn multilayers (2007)

A systematic study of parallel and perpendicular exchange biases in FePt∕FeMn multilayers fabricated onto MgO(001) substrates by ion beam sputter deposition system was conducted. The blocking temperature of parallel exchange bias was found to be higher than that of the perpendicular one. The discrepancy was interpreted as due to the spin canting out of plane at the interface. A systematic simulation based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation was carried out, which was in reasonable agreement with the assumption of spin canting out of plane, suggesting the state of nonuniform distribution of spin direction at the interface.
Corrosion of Metallic Coated Steels (2005)

Abstract From the standpoint of corrosion protection of iron and steel, metallic coatings can be classified into two types: noble coatings and sacrificial coatings. This article focuses on hotdipped zinc, aluminum, zinc-aluminum alloy and aluminum-zinc alloy coatings. It discusses the Sendzimir process and the Cook-Norteman process, which are the two commercial processes that are used for almost all hot-dip galvanized sheet steel in the United States. The article provides a discussion on the aqueous corrosion and atmospheric corrosion of galvanized steel and aluminized steel, as well as the intergranular corrosion of galvanized steel.
Application Of Plasma Polymer Film Coated Sensors To Gas Identification Using Linear Filters (2005)

A chemical sensing system that uses a new type of sensor film and digital signal processing of sensor dynamic responses is described. This system consists of quartz crystal microbalances coated with plasma polymer films. The sensor dynamic responses include information about the target gases, and linear filters can extract the dynamic parameters even when the gas concentrations change. An application to a fire alarm system is described based on the proposed method. This system can discriminate between the gases from burning polyvinyl chloride (PVC) cables and circuit boards.
Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a novel phenotype for GJA12/GJC2 mutations (2008)

Recessive mutations in GJA12/GJC2, the gene that encodes the gap junction protein connexin47 (Cx47), cause Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease (PMLD), an early onset dysmyelinating disorder of the CNS, characterized by nystagmus, psychomotor delay, progressive spasticity and cerebellar signs. Here we describe three patients from one family with a novel recessively inherited mutation, 99C>G (predicted to cause an Ile>Met amino acid substitution; I33M) that causes a milder phenotype. All three had a late-onset, slowly progressive, complicated spastic paraplegia, with normal or near-normal psychomotor development, preserved walking capability through adulthood, and no nystagmus. MRI and MR spectroscopy imaging were consistent with a hypomyelinating leukoencephalopathy. The mutant protein forms gap junction plaques at cell borders similar to wild-type (WT) Cx47 in transfected cells, but fails to form functional homotypic channels in scrape-loading and dual whole-cell patch clamp assays. I33M forms overlapping gap junction plaques and functional channels with Cx43, however, I33M/Cx43 channels open only when a large voltage difference is applied to paired cells. These channels probably do not function under physiological conditions, suggesting that Cx47/Cx43 channels between astrocytes and oligodendrocytes are disrupted, similar to the loss-of-function endoplasmic reticulum-retained Cx47 mutants that cause PMLD. Thus, GJA12/GJC2 mutations can result in a milder phenotype than previously appreciated, but whether I33M retains a function of Cx47 not directly related to forming functional gap junction channels is not known.