gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Online Adaptive Residual Mass Estimation in a Multicylinder Recompression HCCI Engine (2013)

This work presents two advances to the estimation of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) dynamics. Combustion phasing prediction in control-oriented models has been achieved by modeling the in-cylinder temperature and composition dynamics, which are dictated by the large mass of residuals trapped between cycles. As such, an accurate prediction of the residual gas fraction as a function of the variable valve timing is desired. Energy and mass conservation laws applied during the exhaust valve opening period are complemented with online in-cylinder pressure measurements to predict the trapped residual mass in real time. In addition, an adaptive parameter estimation scheme uses measured combustion phasing to adjust the residual mass prediction. Experimental results on a multicylinder gasoline HCCI engine demonstrate the closed loop residual estimation’s ability to compensate for modeling errors, cylinder to cylinder variations, and engine wear. Additionally it is shown that using the adaptive parameter estimation reduces the model parameterization effort for a multicylinder engine.
Physical Mechanisms Affecting Performance of Perpendicular STT MRAM Cells (2021)

Spin transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT MRAM) is an alternative to SRAM [1] and Flash [2] , [3] in various embedded applications, as it can provide non-volatility concurrently with low power, high speed operation, and high endurance. In order to become a viable option for replacing DRAM as a stand-alone memory at relevant areal densities, further optimization of MRAM performance is needed, as continued technology scaling and advanced computing systems impose challenging specifications on MRAM in terms of its retention (thermal stability), read-out latencies, and write margins [4] . This talk will present our recent experimental, theoretical, and modeling results on understanding physical mechanisms that affect performance of perpendicular STT-MRAM cells under electrical, magnetic and thermal excitations. In particular, we will report experimental and modeling results that extend of our recent work on electrical self-heating in STT-MRAM [5] to smaller device size, describe our work on optimization of FL materials for improving STT efficiency and thermal stability [6] , present analytical model for calculating energy barrier for domain-wall-mediated magnetization reversal of the perpendicular FL [7] , and show our experimental results which suggest that, contrary to common understanding, fitting the magnetic-field switching probabilities P(H) to a macrospin-reversal model provides approximately correct values of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy field H k on device level.
Rho Kinase as a Target for Cerebral Vascular Disorders (2015)

The development of novel pharmaceutical treatments for disorders of the cerebral vasculature is a serious unmet medical need. These vascular disorders are typified by a disruption in the delicate Rho signaling equilibrium within the blood vessel wall. In particular, Rho kinase overactivation in the smooth muscle and endothelial layers of the vessel wall results in cytoskeletal modifications that lead to reduced vascular integrity and abnormal vascular growth. Rho kinase is thus a promising target for the treatment of cerebral vascular disorders. Indeed, preclinical studies indicate that Rho kinase inhibition may reduce the formation/growth/rupture of both intracranial aneurysms and cerebral cavernous malformations.
Genetic Diversity of the 28-Kilodalton Outer Membrane Protein Gene in Human Isolates of<i>Ehrlichia chaffeensis</i> (1999)

The Ehrlichia chaffeensis 28-kDa outer membrane protein (p28) gene was sequenced completely by genomic walking with adapter PCR. The DNA sequence of the p28 gene was nearly identical to the previously reported sequence (N. Ohashi, N. Zhi, Y. Zhang, and Y. Rikihisa, Infect. Immun. 66:132-139, 1998), but analysis of a further 75 bp on the 5' end of the gene revealed DNA that encoded a 25-amino-acid signal sequence. The leader sequence was removed from the N terminus of a 30-kDa precursor to generate the mature p28 protein. A monoclonal antibody (MAb), 1A9, recognizing four outer membrane proteins of E. chaffeensis (Arkansas strain) including the 25-, 26-, 27-, and 29-kDa proteins (X.-J. Yu, P. Brouqui, J. S. Dumler, and D. Raoult, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:3284-3288, 1993) reacted with the recombinant p28 protein. This result indicated that the four proteins recognized by MAb 1A9 were encoded by the multiple genes of the 28-kDa protein family. DNA sequence alignment analysis revealed divergence of p28 among all five human isolates of E. chaffeensis. The E. chaffeensis strains could be divided into three genetic groups on the basis of the p28 gene. The first group consisted of the Sapulpa and St. Vincent strains. They had predicted amino acid sequences identical to each other. The second group contained strain 91HE17 and strain Jax, which only showed 0.4% divergence from each other. The third group contained the Arkansas strain only. The amino acid sequences of p28 differed by 11% between the first two groups, by 13.3% between the first and third groups, and by 13.1% between the second and third groups. The presence of antigenic variants of p28 among the strains of E. chaffeensis and the presence of multiple copies of heterogeneous genes suggest a possible mechanism by which E. chaffeensis might evade the host immune defenses. Whether or not immunization with the p28 of one strain of E. chaffeensis would confer cross-protection against other strains needs to be investigated.
Structure of the Antithrombin III-Binding site in Heparin (1979)

Fragments with high affinity for antithrombin III (AT), composed of 12 to 16 monosaccharide units, were isolated from heparin after partial chemical or enzymatic depolymerization of the polysaccharide. Analysis of such fragments based on identification ot deamination products suggested that nonsulfated L-iduronic acid (a minor constituent) is essential for the anticoagulant activity of heparin. The location of this unit in the AT-binding sequence was determined by periodate oxidation. Furthermore, an N-sulfate group essential for activity was located by structural analysis of partially N-desulfated fragments retaining high affinity for AT. It is proposed that the AT-hinding sequence in heparin has a variable structure containing certain nonvanable regions. A tentative structure for this sequence is presented, with indication of identified constant and variable regions. (Supported by grant No. 2309 from the Swedish Medical Research Council).
Two deformable mirror adaptive optics system for in vivo retinal imaging with optical coherence tomography (2006)

A novel adaptive optics system is proposed that cascades two wavefront correctors for the purpose of more effective compensation of ocular aberrations. Two different implementations are evaluated for use with optical coherence tomography.
Spectral Encoding for Endoscopic Confocal Microscopy and Miniature Endoscopy (2002)

Encoding transverse spatial location by wavelength allows acquisition of high resolution images via a single optical fiber. Research conducted in our laboratory demonstrates that spectral encoding may be useful for endoscopic confocal microscopy and miniature endoscopy.
A geometric view on bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora (2004)

We present a geometric view on bilingual lexicon extraction from comparable corpora, which allows to re-interpret the methods proposed so far and identify unresolved problems. This motivates three new methods that aim at solving these problems. Empirical evaluation shows the strengths and weaknesses of these methods, as well as a significant gain in the accuracy of extracted lexicons.
A <i>MAGE‐A4</i> peptide presented by HLA‐B37 is recognized on human tumors by cytolytic T lymphocytes (2002)

'Cancer-germline' genes such as those of the MAGE family are expressed in many tumors and in male germline cells, but are silent in normal tissues. They encode shared tumor-specific antigens, which have been used in therapeutic vaccination trials of cancer patients. MAGE-A4 is expressed in more than 50% of carcinomas of esophagus, head and neck, lung, and bladder. We report here the identification of a new MAGE-A4 encoded peptide, which is recognized by a cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) clone on HLA-B*3701. The sequence of the peptide is SESLKMIF. It corresponds to the MAGE-A4156-163 protein sequence. When tumor cells expressing MAGE-A4 were transfected with HLA-B*3701, they were recognized by the CTL clone, demonstrating that the peptide ought to be processed in tumor cells and could therefore serve as a target for therapeutic antitumoral vaccination.
Deep ultraviolet LEDs: From materials research to real-world applications (2015)

Recent progress in the development of AlGaN-based materials and high-efficiency ultraviolet light emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) will be reviewed. The impact of UV-LEDs on applications in environmental sensing, life sciences, and medical diagnostics will be illustrated.
Partially coherent phase imaging with source shapes estimation (2015)

We propose a method to recover quantitative phase from a stack of defocused intensity images illuminated with partially coherent light from a source of arbitrary shape in Köhler geometry. The algorithm uses a sparse Kalman filtering approach which is fast, accurate, and robust to noise. The proposed method is able to recover not only the phase, but also the source shape, which defines the spatial coherence of the illumination. We validate our algorithm experimentally in a commercial microscope with biological samples.
Phase gradient autofocus-a robust tool for high resolution SAR phase correction (1994)

The phase gradient autofocus (PGA) technique for phase error correction of spotlight mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is examined carefully in the context of four fundamental signal processing steps that constitute the algorithm. We demonstrate that excellent results over a wide variety of scene content, and phase error function structure are obtained if and only if all of these steps are included in the processing. Finally, we show that the computational demands of the fun PGA algorithm do not represent a large fraction of the total image formation problem, when mid to large size images are involved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ranking the importance of alerts for problem determination in large computer systems (2009)

The complexity of large computer systems has raised unprecedented challenges for system management. In practice, operators often collect large volume of monitoring data from system components and set up many rules to check data and trigger alerts. However, the alerts from various rules usually have different problem reporting accuracy because their thresholds are often manually set based on operators' experience and intuition. Meantime, due to system dependencies, a single problem may trigger many alerts at the same time in large systems and the critical question is which alert should be analyzed first in the following problem determination process. In this paper, we propose a novel peer review mechanism to rank the importance of alerts and the top ranked alerts are more likely to be true positives. After comparing a metric value against its threshold to generate alerts, we also compare the value with the equivalent thresholds from many other rules to determine the importance of alerts. Our approach is evaluated with a real test bed system and experimental results are also included to demonstrate its effectiveness.
A unidirectional subwavelength focusing near-field plate (2014)

Near-field plates consist of non-periodically patterned surfaces that can overcome the diffraction limit and confine electromagnetic fields to subwavelength dimensions. Previous near-field plates experimentally demonstrated extreme field tailoring capabilities. However, their performance suffered from radiation/reflection in undesired directions, those other than the subwavelength focus. This issue can limit the practical use of near-field plates. In this paper, we address this issue by designing a unidirectional near-field plate that can form a subwavelength focal pattern, while suppressing the field radiated/reflected in other directions. The design and operation of the proposed unidirectional near-field plate are verified through full-wave simulation. The unidirectional near-field plate may find application in high resolution imaging and probing, high density data storage, and wireless power transfer systems. As an example, its utility as a high resolution probe is demonstrated through full-wave electromagnetic simulation.
Proteolytic Enzymes and Altered Glycosylation Modulate Dystroglycan Function in Carcinoma Cells (2004)

Alterations in the basement membrane receptor dystroglycan (DG) are evident in muscular dystrophies and carcinoma cells and characterized by a selective loss or modification of the extracellular alpha-DG subunit. Defects in posttranslational modifications of DG have been identified in some muscular dystrophies, but the underlying modifications in carcinoma cells have not yet been defined. We reveal here multiple posttranslational modifications that modulate the composition and function of DG in normal epithelial cells and carcinoma cells. We show that alpha-DG is shed from the cell surface of normal and tumorigenic epithelial cells through a proteolytic mechanism that does not require direct cleavage of either alpha- or beta-DG. Shedding is dependent on metalloprotease activity and the proprotein convertase furin. Surprisingly, furin is also found to directly process alpha-DG as a proprotein substrate, changing the existing model of DG composition. We also show that the glycosylation of alpha-DG is altered in invasive carcinoma cells, and this modification causes complete loss of laminin binding properties. Together, these data elucidate several novel events regulating the functional composition of DG and reveal defects that arise during cancer progression, providing direction for efforts to restore this link with the basement membrane in carcinoma cells.
26.1: A Coarse Integral Holographic Display (2013)

Abstract A Coarse Integral Holographic Display uses coarse integral optics to angularly tile multiple elemental holograms and display large full parallax holograms with wide but different horizontal and vertical fields‐of‐view.
<title>Modeling of table-top transient and capillary inversion x-ray lasers</title> (1997)

Numerical modeling of transient inversion and capillary discharge x-ray lasers were performed for the purposes of understanding of recent experiments, improving the laser efficiency and planing their further development. The first demonstration of saturation of a low pump energy x-ray laser utilizing a transient inversion mechanism on the 3p - 3s transition at 32.63 nm in Ne-like Ti has been confirmed. A close to saturation amplification was simultaneously achieved for the 3d - 3p, J equals 1 - 1 transition at 30.15 nm. Small signal effective transient gain coefficients of g approximately equals 46 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and approximately 35 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> and effective gain-length products of 16.7 and 16.9 for these lines were obtained. Experiments and calculations demonstrate that it is possible to achieve saturated laser action in a transient regime with Ne-like Ti for a pump energy as low as approximately 5 J. With such energies just recently the lasing on Ni-like Pd at 14.7 nm has been achieved. MHD simulations of capillary discharges were performed for several elements with shorter lasing wavelengths. A new approach which intends to combine advantages of electrical discharge plasma preparation with CPA-laser excitation was investigated. It will enable a kind of x-ray lasers to be built with ultrashort pulse duration and the high efficiency. In this case the well preformed cylindrical shell of discharge plasma and the transient population inversion combined with the traveling-wave excitation will enable to achieve lasing at much shorter wavelengths.
Recent progress of AlGaN Deep-UV LED by improving light-extraction efficiency (2015)

We demonstrated significant improvement of light-extraction efficiency (LEE) of AlGaN ultraviolet (UV) C light-emitting diodes (LEDs) by using transparent p-AlGaN contact layer and highly-reflective p-type electrode.
Immunogenicity of a Synthetic Vaccine Based on Plasmodium vivax Duffy Binding Protein Region II (2014)

Molecules that play a role in Plasmodium merozoite invasion of host red blood cells represent attractive targets for blood-stage vaccine development against malaria. In Plasmodium vivax, merozoite invasion of reticulocytes is mediated by the Duffy binding protein (DBP), which interacts with its cognate receptor, the Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines, on the surface of reticulocytes. The DBP ligand domain, known as region II (DBPII), contains the critical residues for receptor recognition, making it a prime target for vaccine development against blood-stage vivax malaria. In natural infections, DBP is weakly immunogenic and DBPII allelic variation is associated with strain-specific immunity, which may compromise vaccine efficacy. In a previous study, a synthetic vaccine termed DEKnull that lacked an immunodominant variant epitope in DBPII induced functional antibodies to shared neutralizing epitopes on the native Sal1 allele. Anti-DEKnull antibody titers were lower than anti-Sal1 titers but produced more consistent, strain-transcending anti-DBPII inhibitory responses. In this study, we further characterized the immunogenicity of DEKnull, finding that immunization with recombinant DEKnull produced an immune response comparable to that obtained with native recombinant DBP alleles. Further investigation of DEKnull is necessary to enhance its immunogenicity and broaden its specificity.
Effect of Water Soluble Polymers on Radiation Vulcanized Natural Rubber Latex Films (1999)

Abstract Technological properties of radiation vulcanized latex after mixing with water soluble polymers (WSP) such as poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(ethylene oxide) etc. have been studied in detail. The properties of water soluble polymer incorporated vulcanizates depend mainly on the type of the polymer blended into the latex. Most of the polymers showed a drastic increase in tear strength with polymer content and a reduction in tackiness of the vulcanized films. Radiation processing increases the water soluble protein content in the serum phase whereas that in the rubber phase decreases. Addition of water soluble polymer causes the fast leaching of soluble proteins from the dried films, which reduces the prolonged leaching commonly adopted for rubber vulcanizates. Aging properties of radiation vulcanized films incorporated with water soluble polymers are excellent. The thermal degradation behavior of radiation vulcanized films and that of water soluble polymer incorporated films is almost the same. Transparency of the rubber films can be increased by the addition of suitable water soluble polymers.
Genetic approaches to attenuation of influenza A viruses for man (1980)

The explosion of new information concerning the influenza A viral genome provides a basis for deliberate manipulation of its genes with the intent of introducing specific mutations that render influenza virus attenuated and useful for prevention of disease. Currently there is considerable effort to develop a defined set of mutant genes that confer a specific and desired level of attenuation upon any viral recombinant into which they are transferred. In this manner new antigenic variants of influenza A virus may be satisfactorily attenuated after transfer of the mutant genes. The mutant genes must be readily identifiable by simple in-vitro techniques, thus enabling the genetic basis of attenuation to be monitored directly during all phases of vaccine development, manufacture and utilization in man. We describe our experience with two sets of ts mutant genes which affect viral RNA transcription or synthesis and which effect a reproducible level of attenuation in wild-type influenza A virus.
High Expression of the Pi-Transporter SLC20A1/Pit1 in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease Promotes Mineralization through Regulation of Akt-1 (2013)

The regulation of phosphate (Pi) handling is crucial during calcification of the aortic valve. Gene profiling of Pi transporters revealed that VIC culture expresses SLC201A1/Pit1 and SLC20A2/Pit2. On exposure to a mineralizing medium (2 mM Pi), the expression of Pi transporters in VIC culture is increased several folds, with the highest magnitude for SLC20A1. By using siRNAs, we established that silencing SLC20A1 significantly reduced Pi-induced mineralization of VICs. In human pathological specimens, we found that the expression of SCL20A1 was increased in CAVD tissues compared to control non-mineralized aortic valves. Treatment of VIC culture with Pi promoted the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and cytochrome c release within the cytosol, leading to apoptosis. Inhibition of Pi transporters with phosphonoformic acid (PFA) prevented Pi-mediated apoptosis of VICs. Moreover, we discovered that the level of the Akt-1 transcript is diminished in CAVD tissues compared with control valves. Accordingly, treatment with Pi caused a reduction of the Akt-1 transcript in VIC culture, and treatment with PFA or siRNA against SLC20A1 restored the level of Akt-1. Overexpression of Akt-1 (pCMVAkt-1) prevented both Pi-induced apoptosis and mineralization of VIC culture. These results strongly suggest that overexpression of SLC20A1 promotes apoptosis and mineralization by altering the level of Akt-1.
How to Organize your Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents: The Importance of Communication Topology (2018)

In this empirical paper, we investigate how learning agents can be arranged in more efficient communication topologies for improved learning. This is an important problem because a common technique to improve speed and robustness of learning in deep reinforcement learning and many other machine learning algorithms is to run multiple learning agents in parallel. The standard communication architecture typically involves all agents intermittently communicating with each other (fully connected topology) or with a centralized server (star topology). Unfortunately, optimizing the topology of communication over the space of all possible graphs is a hard problem, so we borrow results from the networked optimization and collective intelligence literatures which suggest that certain families of network topologies can lead to strong improvements over fully-connected networks. We start by introducing alternative network topologies to DRL benchmark tasks under the Evolution Strategies paradigm which we call Network Evolution Strategies. We explore the relative performance of the four main graph families and observe that one such family (Erdos-Renyi random graphs) empirically outperforms all other families, including the de facto fully-connected communication topologies. Additionally, the use of alternative network topologies has a multiplicative performance effect: we observe that when 1000 learning agents are arranged in a carefully designed communication topology, they can compete with 3000 agents arranged in the de facto fully-connected topology. Overall, our work suggests that distributed machine learning algorithms would learn more efficiently if the communication topology between learning agents was optimized.