gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of preconditioning on the viscoelastic response of primate patellar tendon (1994)

Current techniques for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon (PT) allow a measurable tension to be applied to the graft at the time of fixation. The viscoelastic nature of the PT, however, ensures that relaxation will cause the graft tension to decrease over time. To better understand this process, a primate model was used to evaluate acute viscoelastic relaxation in the PT. Thirty-five patella-patellar tendon-tibia (P-PT-T) complexes were harvested from normal primate knees (Cynomolgus monkeys), and were divided into five groups for mechanical comparison. Specimens were subjected to two 10-min relaxation tests separated by a 1-30-min unloaded interval. The first test provided baseline relaxation data as well as serving as preconditioning for the second test. Results indicate that preconditioning significantly reduces the tension lost in a graft due to viscoelastic relaxation. The effect of preconditioning is reduced with increasing recovery time (the time between preconditioning and the second relaxation test), but the effect is still significant after 30 min of unloading. No differences were observed in the relaxation behavior of specimens that were cyclicly or isometrically preconditioned, nor were differences observed between irradiated and nonirradiated specimens. These results suggest that preconditioning can reduce acute tension loss in a graft due to viscoelastic relaxation and that simple isometric preconditioning is just as effective as cyclic stretching.
Expression of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes in tumours of the urinary bladder. (1995)

The cytochromes P450, epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferases are several of the major groups of enzymes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics and these enzymes may have a role in influencing the response of tumours to anti-cancer drugs. In this study the cell specific expression of individual xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes has been investigated using immunohistochemistry in primary transitional cell tumours of the urinary bladder. The cytochromes P450 CYP1A, CYP2C and CYP3A, were present in 68, 28 and 68% of tumours respectively and the expression of CYP1A correlated with bladder tumour grade (P = 0.03). Epoxide hydrolase was identified in 84% of tumours while the alpha, mu and pi forms of glutathione S-transferase were expressed in 56, 72 and 52% of tumours respectively. In normal bladder epoxide hydrolase and glutathione S-transferase pi were the main enzymes expressed while there was no expression of CYP2C.
Electrical Bioimpedance Related to Structural Differences and Reactions in Skin and Oral Mucosa (1999)

Electrical bioimpedance can reflect structural and chemical changes of the skin and the oral mucosa in the beta-dispersion frequency range. From our measured multifrequency data set, four physically distinct indices have been formulated to distinguish the electrical properties for different anatomical locations and to detect different reactions and conditions of the skin and the oral mucosa. In comparison with the skin, the differences for various anatomical regions were greater in the oral cavity, which showed as well a different impedance pattern after irritant responses. We conclude that the impedance technique is able to classify and quantify different responses and conditions, preferably by using contralateral reference sites, or following a site in time; however, mapping of baseline properties facilitates the use of the method even if a large part of the skin or the oral mucosa is involved. The method has the potential of becoming a diagnostic decision support tool.
Optimization of combined measures of airway physiology and cardiovascular hemodynamics in mice (2020)

Pulmonary hypertension may arise as a complication of chronic lung disease typically associated with tissue hypoxia, as well as infectious agents or injury eliciting a type 2 immune response. The onset of pulmonary hypertension in this setting (classified as Group 3) often complicates treatment and worsens prognosis of chronic lung disease. Chronic lung diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD), emphysema, and interstitial lung fibrosis impair airflow and alter lung elastance in addition to affecting pulmonary vascular hemodynamics that may culminate in right ventricle dysfunction. To date, functional endpoints in murine models of chronic lung disease have typically been limited to separately measuring airway and lung parenchyma physiology. These approaches may be lengthy and require a large number of animals per experiment. Here, we provide a detailed protocol for combined assessment of airway physiology with cardiovascular hemodynamics in mice. Ultimately, a comprehensive overview of pulmonary function in murine models of injury and disease will facilitate the integration of studies of the airway and vascular biology necessary to understand underlying pathophysiology of Group 3 pulmonary hypertension.
Optical link between FPGA microprocessors using a fiber-embedded rigid PCB (2010)

A platform for video data link between FPGA microprocessors based on an optical printed-circuit board (OPCB) was implemented. Optimized compact size of 9.5 x 10.5 x 1.0 mm<sup>3</sup> Tx/Rx modules were prepared and applied for the optical link of the platform. A low insertion loss of 0.42 dB and stable optical fiber-layer integrated with connectors was embedded in FR4 board for the implementation of the OPCB. The platform shows that embedding the optical fiber-layer with connectors can improve the degree of freedom for packaging as well as optical and physical characteristics. Real time video image from a charge-coupled-device (CCD) camera was successfully transmitted to a monitor through optical link between FPGA microprocessors of the platform. The captured image was successfully saved in a static random access memory (SRAM) and clearly shown on the monitor. This study shows that chip-to-chip optical interconnection technology based on fiber-layer embedded OPCB can be applied for the CPU-to-CPU/memory optical interconnections.
Flexible Boundary Method in Dynamic Substructure Techniques Including Different Component Damping (2010)

There are various condensation methods for substructure techniques in structural dynamics. A generalized condensation method that comprises most of the classical condensation techniques and allows for arbitrary mode shapes within a standardized approach is described here. Within the framework of this method, a flexible boundary method is introduced that allows for elastic and mass-loaded boundaries for eigenmode determination, as well as for mode shapes that reflect the influence of damping. The relationship to other approaches taken from existing literature is examined. For damped structures, the flexible boundary method provides a condensation process that takes into account the influence of the complex eigenmodes of structures with nonproportional and high damping. To couple substructures with different component damping, the equivalent structural damping approach is provided. The problems associated with diagonal system damping of substructures and the full triple matrix product are overcome.
Research issues in distributed operating systems (1986)

As distributed computing becomes more widespread, both in high-energy physics and in other applications, centralized operating systems will gradually give way to distributed ones. In this paper the authors discuss some current research on five issues that are central to the design of distributed operating systems: communications primitives, naming and protection, resource management, fault tolerance, and system services. For each of these issues, some principles, examples, and other considerations are given.
Abstract 742: Comparison of commercially available phosphorylated ERK antibodies for immunohistochemical biomarker analysis (2012)

Abstract Immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of ERK phosphorylation is commonly performed on pre- and post-treatment cancer biopsies as part of pharmacodynamic biomarker assessments for targeted oncology therapeutics. The current study was performed to assess the specificity and sensitivity of four commercially-available pERK antibodies for IHC analysis, which included three monoclonal antibodies (clones 20G11, MAPK-YT, D13.14.4E) and one polyclonal antibody. To facilitate this analysis, the HEPG2 liver cancer cell line was grown in the presence or absence of inhibitors of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway (U0126 or sorafenib). Cell lysates were prepared for analysis via Western blotting and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded cell pellets were prepared for analysis via IHC. All antibodies produced bands at 44 and 42 kDa, the expected molecular weights of ERK1/2, when used for Western analysis of untreated cells and demonstrated a reduction or ablation of these bands following treatment of cells with inhibitors of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. When examined via IHC, the monoclonals demonstrated nuclear and cytoplasmic staining in HEPG2 cells with increased sensitivity relative to the polyclonal antibody. The monoclonals also demonstrated greatly reduced staining in HEPG2 cells treated with inhibitors of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway. These antibodies were further characterized for reactivity in human tumor specimens representing breast cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, and ovarian cancer. Melanoma tissues were stained with a red chromogen; all others were stained with DAB. Differences in the frequency of expression, percentage of expression, and protein localization were identified between the three monoclonals. In summary, this work has identified commercially-available antibodies that appear to be of suitable specificity and sensitivity for use in IHC assays. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 742. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-742
Sodium Ethylene Carbide (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSodium Ethylene CarbideO. C. Dermer and Clarence. LathropCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1939, 61, 3, 750–751Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1939https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01872a506RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (240 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Meat hybrids–An assessment of sensorial aspects, consumer acceptance, and nutritional properties (2023)

So-called meat hybrids are a new class of products where a fraction of the meat product (e.g., 20%) is replaced with alternative protein sources, such as plant-based ones. Research suggests that these products could serve as a low-threshold offer for a specific target group that wants to cut down on meat, thereby facilitating the transition toward a more healthy and sustainable diet. Nonetheless, data demonstrate that meat hybrids with a high substantial meat substitution level often fail in the market. This study summarises findings on the physicochemical properties, sensory, and acceptance of six different meat hybrids (70% meat and 30% plant proteins) that were collected in the framework of a case study in the project AiF 196 EN. For this purpose, sensory characteristics were collected <i>via</i> two QDA sessions and a hedonic consumer test. Furthermore, the hybrid recipes were analysed in their proximate composition. The respective recipes varied in protein source (soybean, pumpkin, and pea) and mode of incorporation [textured vegetable protein (TVP), high moisture extrudate (HME)]. It was shown that a meat hybrid with a relatively high share of 30% plant-based proteins with peas as a protein source and TVP as a processing method can still attract consumers.
Pharmacokinetics, bioefficacy, and safety of sublingual testosterone cyclodextrin in hypogonadal men: comparison to testosterone enanthate--a clinical research center study. (1995)

We studied and compared the pharmacokinetics and bioefficacy of two doses of sublingual testosterone cyclodextrin (SLT; 2.5 and 5.0 mg, administered three times per day) with testosterone enanthate (TE; 200 mg) given once every 20 days by im injections over a 60-day study period in 63 hypogonadal men. After SLT administration, serum testosterone (T) levels peaked at 20 min and then fell, reaching baseline levels by 360 min. The calculated half-lives were 60.3 +/- 7.5 and 68.8 +/- 5.0 min after a single dose of 2.5 and 5.0 mg SLT, respectively. The mean area under curve (AUC) of serum T was computed over 20-day periods for the 3 treatment groups. The mean net AUC of serum T after TE administration was about 4- and 2-fold higher than that in the 2.5 and 5 mg groups over the last 20 days. Serum estradiol and dihydrotestosterone followed the same pattern as serum T. Serum estradiol to T ratios decreased after T replacement in all 3 groups, whereas serum dihydrotestosterone to T ratios were not significantly changed by T treatment. Suppression of serum LH and FSH levels was more marked in the patients treated with TE than in those given SLT. Similarly, serum sex hormone-binding globulin levels showed significant decreases with androgen replacement only in the TE and SLT 5.0 mg range groups. There were no significant adverse effects based on comprehensive physical examinations, urea, electrolytes, and renal or liver function tests. Hematocrit levels increased in the TE-treated group, but remained slightly lower than baseline levels in the SLT groups. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol showed a small, but significant, decrease with time of treatment in all groups. Despite the differences in the AUC of serum T levels achieved by different androgen replacement therapies, all patients showed significant improvements in sexual motivation and performance, with no significant difference between the treatment groups. We conclude that SLT may be a useful addition to the currently available injectable and transdermal delivery systems for treatment of hypogonadal men. Because of the ease of administration, rapid reversibility of effects, and lower AUC of serum T levels achieved compared to those of TE injections, SLT may be especially suitable for treatment of boys with delayed puberty and older men with androgen deficiency.
Strain-softening model evaluating geobelt–clay interaction validated by laboratory tests of sensor-enabled geobelts (2019)

The interaction between geosynthetics and soil is vital for the stability and the bearing capacity of geosynthetic-reinforced soil structures. This contact behavior between geosynthetics and granular soils has been extensively studied in the literature while there is scarcity of it related to geosynthetics and cohesive soils particularly with softening responses. This paper presents a strain-softening model of geobelt–clay interaction based on direct shear test results under two compaction degrees. A theoretical model for evaluating the pullout behavior of a geobelt is proposed by employing the strain-softening model verified by direct shear tests and a hyperbolic model capturing the stress–strain curves of a geobelt calibrated by uniaxial tensile tests. The proposed model is numerically solved and validated by pullout tests. A kind of sensor-enabled geobelt (SEGB) was adopted in all the aforementioned tests. Both test and numerical results show an overall softening trend in terms of front pull-out force versus displacement. Generally, the model proposed can give reasonably good agreement between calculations and test data during the whole pull-out range. Also, the strain distributions measured by SEGBs demonstrate the working process during the pullout tests, which makes SEGBs a potentially new choice for the strain measurements of in-soil geobelts.
Gas-Phase Complexation of Monopositive Alkaline Earth Metal Ions with Polyethers: Comparison with Alkali Metal Ion and Aluminum Ion Complexations (1994)

The gas-phase reactions of the monopositive alkaline earth metal ions (Ca+ and Mg+) with a variety of crown ethers and their acyclic analogues have been studied by laser dcsorption/quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry. The initial monopositive Mg+ and Ca+ ions were generated directly from laser desorption of a metal foil or salt and then reacted with a variety of neutral polyethers. Collisional activated dissociation (CAD) techniques were employed to evaluate the structures of these metal/polyether adducts. The reactions of these initially monopositive ions (M+) are of special interest because the reactions with crown ethers or glymes involve incorporation of "OH", corresponding to formation of (L + (MZ+OH-))+ ions, in which the metal ions attain their favored oxidation states. The alkaline earth metal ions apparently react with H20, which may be loosely bound to a polyether ligand, by donation of the lone selectron to the oxygen atom in conjunction with elimination of H'. The polyether ligand then solvates the (M2+OH-) species by formation of multiple electrostatic bonds between the ether oxygen atoms and the metal center. The reactions of the glycols with the metal ions are somewhat different in that the resulting products may be assigned as (L +(MZ+OH-) - H20)+, from unstable (L + (Mz+OH-))+ complexes that spontaneously dehydrate, or as (L + M2+ - He)+, in which the initial Mg+ ion reacts directly with a hydroxyl terminus of the glycol molecule. Ligand-exchange methods used to measure the relative order of (MgZ+OH-) binding energies for the polyethers indicate that the relative binding energy increases with the size of the polyether. A comparison of the results with those for reactions of alkali metalions and aluminum ions with polyethers in the gas phase reveals further insight into the nature of the binding interactions.
A Phosphonoacetate-Resistant Mutant of Herpesvirus of Turkeys2 (1978)

A phosphonoacetate (PA)-resistant mutant of the herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) was isolated and characterized. The mutant of HVT resistant to PA (HVTpa) replicated in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) culture in media containing 300 microgram PA/ml, whereas the replication of the wild type of HVT (HVTwt) was completely inhibited in DEF culture in media containing 100 microgram PA/ml. The HVTpa was distinct from the HVTwt in plaque morphology, but was indistinguishable antigenically and showed in vitro temperature sensitivity at 41 degrees C (3741 degrees C efficiency of replication was about 5). It replicated poorly in chickens and failed to provide complete protection against challenge with Marek's disease virus (MDV). The HVTpa-induced DNA polymerase had an apparent inhibition constant for PA, an apparent inhibition constant for pyrophosphate, and an apparent Michaells constant for dCTP about 10, 2, and 2.5 times, respectively, greater than the constants for the HVTwt-induced enzyme and was also more thermolabile.
자이나교 요가 명상의 현대적 발전 __프레크샤(Prekṣā) 명상을 중심으로__ (2019)

본 연구는 인도의 가장 오래된 종교인 자이나교가 세계화된 현대에 어떻게 대응하고 변모하는지에 대한 관심에서 시작되었다. 논문의 Ⅱ장에서는 자이나 역사상 최초로 서구에 자이나 명상을 전파한 치트라바누와 기타 지도자들의 활동을 소개하였다. 그중에서도 백의파 테라판타派에서는 동시대 불교의 위빠사나 명상과 힌두 요가뿐 아니라 현대 과학적 접근을 종합하여 지난 30년간 계발한 프레크샤 명상을 제시했다. 이는 종교의 가치가 변혁을 통해서 비로소 생생하게 계승된다는 역사적 과제의 성취를 잘 보여주는 사례이다.
본 논문의 Ⅲ장 2절과 Ⅳ장에서는 프레크샤 명상의 실제 수행 체계를 전통적 수행 및 타 종교적 요소와 비교하여 전체적으로 설명하였으며, 마지막으로 프레크샤 명상이 변혁을 통해 계승하고자 한 자이나 수행의 목적과 가치를 주목하였다.
프레크샤 명상의 체계는 本명상(8지)과 프레크샤 요가(4지)및 특수 명상(4지)으로 구성되는데, 전체적으로 전통적인 자이나 특유의 명상법인 카욧 사르가, 레쉬야(영적 색채)의 지각, 영혼과 물질의 분리 및 상호작용에 입각한 미세신체 지각법등이 명상 전체에 융합되어 있다. 무엇보다 프레크샤 명상에는 자이나교의 전통에서 일체지(一切知)와 함께 줄곧 강조되어왔던 순수영혼의 자증(自證)적인 자각 즉, ‘자기인식(svasaṃvedana)’을 목표로 모든 명상이 종합적으로 구조화되어 있음을 확인할 수 있다.
동시대 타 종교에 비해 그 수행전통과 현 활동이 잘 알려지지 않은 자이나교 요가 명상의 중요한 활동 및 내용을 국내에 소개한 것에 본 논문의 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다.
Comparative Design and Analysis of Mesh, Torus and Ring NoC (2015)

The research article presents the simulation and FPGA synthesis of mesh, torus and ring Network on Chip (NoC). The network is based on the Multiprocessor System on Chip (MPSoC) structure for a network cluster of 256 nodes. The paper focuses on the comparative analysis based on hardware design parameters, memory utilization and timing parameters such as minimum and maximum period, frequency support. The interprocess communication among nodes in verified using Virtex-5 FPGA with an arbitration logic. The designs are developed in Xilinx ISE 14.2 and simulated in Modelsim 10.1b with the help of VHDL programming language. Network topological structures help for on chip intercommunication, routing, switching, flow control, queuing, scheduling and to communicate among different networks.
Should metallic vascular stents be used to treat cerebrovascular occlusive diseases? (1994)

The risks of metallic stent deployment are quite low, and the likelihood of restenosis due to intimal hyperplasia is relatively high, particularly in small to medium-size vessels. The goal of all cerebrovascular interventions is to alleviate symptoms and prevent stroke. For symptomatic carotid bifurcation stenosis, insufficient information is available regarding carotid PTA and stent placement to make any recommendations. Carotid endarterectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with a 70%-99% stenosis of the involved internal carotid artery. For internal carotid artery dissection, stent placement seems to be a reasonable therapeutic alternative that may eventually assume a position as an accepted therapeutic alternative alongside surgery and anticoagulation. The gathering of level I and level II evidence by means of well-designed clinical trials is encouraged. Similarly, the application of stent placement to occlusive disorders of the dural venous sinuses is intriguing. Additional clinical studies should help define the role of stents in these diseases.
X-ray structure of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist at 2.0-A resolution. (1994)

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is a natural competitive antagonist of IL-1. In order to further elucidate the mechanism by which IL-1ra binds without activating the IL-1 receptor, we have solved the crystal structure of IL-1ra at 2.0-A resolution. IL-1ra has the same overall beta-trefoil fold as IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta and has a very similar hydrophobic core. However, there are a number of structural differences between the molecules, including significant differences at the open end of the beta-barrel, which has been identified in IL-1 beta as a receptor binding site.
A wireless system for gait and posture analysis based on pressure insoles and Inertial Measurement Units (2009)

In this paper we describe a wireless wearable system to monitor gait, based on a customized pair of commercial insoles able to collect ground reaction forces by use of 24 embedded cells for each foot. Each insole was combined with a small form factor, low-power Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and en