gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chest Wall and Breast Reconstruction in Poland's Syndrome. (2007)

Purpose: As a rare congenital anomaly, Poland's syndrome has been known to show hypoplasia in breast and nipple, absence of pectoralis major muscle, and aplasia or deformity of rib or costal cartilage which has been reported to be more common in male. However, most patients who are seeking operation are female patients having one-side deformity. In the field of plastic surgery, the major surgical indications could be asymmetric chest wall depression in man or breast hypoplasia in woman. There are many reconstruction options according to the degree of patient's deformity: a prosthetic implant, breast implant with or without tissue expander, latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous pedicled flap with or without implant and/or tissue expander, and free tissue transfer with or without tissue expander.Methods: The authors have treated 4 patients(2 male, 2 female) who had a diagnosis of Poland's syndrome. According to the degree of patient's deformity, all patients underwent correction of breast asymmetry and unilateral anterior thoracic hypoplasia with one-staged or two-staged reconstruction.Results: All patents were satisfied with the results and there occurred no specific complications.Conclusion: The authors propose the treatment plan for patient with Poland's syndrome, according to the degree of patient's deformity. In case of male patient with mild deformity, the prosthetic implant or latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous pedicled flap will simulate the missing pectoralis and improve the contour deformity. In case of female patient with moderate to severe breast asymmetry and upward displaced nipple areolar complex (NAC), NAC can be lowered with tissue expander, breast can be enlarged with autologous free flaps or latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous pedicled flap with implant.
Java-basierte Kryptographie wird interoperabel (2001)

Im März 2000 wurde auf der Konferenz Systemsicherheit gezeigt, daß die Notwendigkeit für einen Paradigmenwechsel bei der Entwicklung von Sicherheitsmechanismen für Public-Key-Infrastrukturen notwendig ist (vgl. [BuMa00] und [BuRT00]). Kryptographie muß auf einfache, transparente Weise modular und austauschbar werden, um Rückfallmechanismen bereitzustellen. Sowohl das Signaturgesetz [BaBN99], als auch moderne Sicherheitsprotokolle wie WTLS [WTLS00] empfehlen bzw. spezifizieren die Verwendung alternativer Verfahren wie ECDSA oder ECDH. Bei unserem in der Forschungsgruppe von Prof. J. Buchmann an der TU Darmstadt gewählten Ansatz, ist Java und die JCA (Java Cryptographic Architecture) der zentrale Mechanismus für die Flexibilisierung der Basismechanismen. Die in diesem Artikel dargelegten Entwicklungsergebnisse, JCA-Provider für PKCS#11 und GSS-API und JAVA, zeigen exemplarisch, daß unter Verwendung der JCA als Schnittstelle für kryp-tographische Funktionen objektorientierte Ansätze auf Standardschnittstellen übertragbar werden, die deren Verwendung zum einen erheblich vereinfachen und zugleich ihre Fähigkeiten erweitern. Die Integrationsfähigkeit von Java und der JCA bietet eine gute Basis für die Realisierung flexibler Public-Key-Infrastrukturen, die sich konform zu den bestehenden Strukturen und Standards verhält.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism in patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis (2009)

The I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene was not found to be associated with acute and chronic pancreatitis.
A Techno-Economic Cost Assessment Platform for Electrochemical Energy Materials (2013)

Abstract not Available.
High Frequency Rogowski Coil Response Characteristics (1982)

The high frequency response characteristics of differentiating and self-integrating Rogowski coils have been calculated for arbitrary values of the coil terminating resistance assuming Ampere's law to be valid. Effects due to a reactive terminating impedance are also discussed. When the displacement current is taken into account in the measurement of the current of a charged particle beam, it is found that an effective rise time is introduced into the self-integrating coil response on the order of a/ϒυ, where a is the major radius of the coil, υ is the velocity of the beam, and ϒ = (1 -υ2/c2)-1/2.
Helical antenna and method of modulating the performance of a wireless communications device (2023)

A wireless communication device includes an array of helical antennas on a substrate. Each helical antenna comprises a strain-relieved sheet with a conductive strip thereon, where the strain-relieved sheet and the conductive strip are in a rolled configuration about a longitudinal axis. The conductive strip is oriented at an angle α with respect to a rolling direction so as to comprise a helical configuration about the longitudinal axis with a non-zero helix angle β. The array exhibits a maximum gain of at least about 10 dB at a working frequency of at least about 0.1 THz.
Impact of nine common type 2 diabetes risk polymorphisms in Asian Indian Sikhs: PPARG2 (Pro12Ala), IGF2BP2, TCF7L2 and FTOvariants confer a significant risk (2008)

To our knowledge, this is first study reporting the role of some recently emerged loci with T2D in a high risk population of Asian Indian origin. Further investigations are warranted to understand the pathway-based functional implications of these important loci in T2D pathophysiology in different ethnicities.
Clinical analysis of incidentally discovered unruptured aneurysms. (1993)

We analyzed the risk factors for rupture of an intracranial aneurysm based on a retrospective angiographic study of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. The 44 cases of asymptomatic aneurysms were selected from 1612 patients whose lesions had been discovered fortuitously by angiography (2.7%) during the period from 1980 to 1989. All these patients were free from any sign of intracranial aneurysm. The variations in age, sex, and location of the aneurysms were analyzed compared with 638 ruptured aneurysms that had been treated in our institute during the same period. The size, shape, and arterial geometry of the unruptured aneurysms were examined angiographically. Unruptured aneurysm was discovered fortuitously in 44 (2.7%) of 1612 patients, with greater incidence in women aged older than 60 years. Unruptured aneurysms were less likely to occur in the anterior communicating artery (12.8%) and the middle cerebral artery (6.4%). However, they were frequently found in the internal carotid artery, with an incidence of 10.6% in cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery, 19.1% in the internal carotid-ophthalmic artery, 19.1% in the internal carotid-posterior communicating artery, and 12.8% in the internal carotid-anterior choroidal artery. Seven of the nine internal carotid-posterior communicating artery aneurysms showed a hypoplastic or aplastic posterior communicating artery. The mean diameter of the unruptured aneurysms was 4.8 mm, and 80% were smaller than 6 mm. Intracranial aneurysms are formed not only at the bifurcation of an artery but also at its branching and bending points. However, an aneurysm located at the bifurcation, such as the anterior communicating artery and the middle cerebral artery, bleeds easily in contrast with lateral aneurysms such as those found at the branching and bending points on the internal carotid artery.
Function Interface Models for Hardware Compilation: Types, Signatures, Protocols (2009)

The problem of synthesis of gate-level descriptions of digital circuits from behavioural specifications written in higher-level programming languages (hardware compilation) has been studied for a long time yet a definitive solution has not been forthcoming. The argument of this essay is mainly methodological, bringing a perspective that is informed by recent developments in programming-language theory. We argue that one of the major obstacles in the way of hardware compilation becoming a useful and mature technology is the lack of a well defined function interface model, i.e. a canonical way in which functions communicate with arguments. We discuss the consequences of this problem and propose a solution based on new developments in programming language theory. We conclude by presenting a prototype implementation and some examples illustrating our principles.
Skin lesion segmentation using the D-S evidence theory based on the FCM using feature parameters (2015)

Lesion segmentation is an important step in diagnostic of skin lesion images. In this paper, to improve the segmentation of the skin color image (RGB), we apply the Fuzzy-C-Means method based on feature parameters in each color component (R, G and B) and we use the Dempster-Shafer evidence theory method to merge the results and to have the final segmentation result. In this work, the proposed technique was compared with the FCM based on feature applying in gray level skin image and the experiments show the performance of the proposed technique.
High production of alkaline protease byBacillus licheniformis in a fed-batch fermentation using a synthetic medium (1992)

High production (9016 U/ml) of alkaline protease byBacillus licheniformis has been achieved. A 49% increase in production was achieved by the method used as compared with a batch process. By using a synthetic medium and a fed-batch operation controlled by the Advanced Fermentation Software (AFS) package, it was found that the keys to high production of protease are: (i) to maintain a low concentration of glucose (<0.43 g/l) in the medium; (ii) to control pH at a certain level (pH 6.50) in the culture; and (iii) to use rough type colonies as the starting culture. Our fed-batch fermentation process successfully simulates and surpasses ordinary batch fermentation processes. By using ammonium sulfate instead of soy bean flour as the only nitrogen source, an expected benefit was the elimination of unpleasant odors caused by natural organic nitrogenous components in the media. This would improve the industrial production environment.
T Cell Influence on Superantigen‐Induced Arthritis in MRL‐lpr/lpr Mice (1994)

Abstract Objective. To define the influence of the T cell receptor (TCR) and the lpr autoimmune gene on the induction and progression of superantigen‐induced arthritis in V β 8 transgenic MRL‐ lpr/lpr mice. Methods. The time to onset and the extent of synovial hyperplasia after the induction of arthritis by intraarticular injection of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) were compared in mice having T cells that bear the V β 8 transgene alone (V β 8 TCR transgenic MRL‐+/+), the lpr gene without the V β 8 gene (nontransgenic MRL‐ lpr/lpr ), both the V β 8 gene and the lpr gene (V β 8 transgenic MRL‐ lpr/lpr ), or neither gene (nontransgenic MRL‐+/+). Synovial hyperplasia was compared in SEB‐injected V β 8 transgenic MRL‐ lpr/lpr mice after treatment with cyclosporin A (CSA), anti‐V β 8 and anti‐CD4 monoclonal antibodies, and in V β 8 transgenic MRL‐ lpr/lpr mice after injection of a non—V β 8‐reactive superantigen, staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA). Results. At day 30, increased synovial cells were observed in all SEB‐treated mice, but the increase was greatest in the V β 8 transgenic MRL‐ lpr/lpr mice. T cell involvement was indicated by the inability of either heat‐denatured SEB or SEA to induce severe arthritis, the reduction in the severity of the arthritis on systemic treatment with CSA or anti‐V β 8, and the correlation of synovial hyperplasia with in vitro SEB reactivity of T cells. Conclusion. These observations suggest that super‐antigens can induce chronic arthritis and that the induction and progression of the arthritis requires an underlying T cell defect in anergy induction in addition to exposure to the superantigen.
Extraction of peanut oil with ultrasonic-assisted aqueous enzymatic method (2012)

Based on single factor experiments,the optimum ultrasonic temperature(45 ℃) and time(20 min) of extracting peanut oil by ultrasonic-assisted aqueous enzymatic method were determined.The amount of enzyme,enzyme hydrolysis pH,enzyme hydrolysis temperature and time were used as influencing factors and the peanut oil yield was selected as response value,and the response surface methodology was employed to optimize the enzyme hydrolysis conditions.The results showed that the optimum conditions were as follows:amount of enzyme 1.7%,enzyme hydrolysis temperature 56 ℃,reaction time 3.8 h,ratio of material to liquid 1∶ 4 and enzyme hydrolysis pH 9.3.Under the optimum conditions,the peanut oil yield was(95.50±0.44)%.
Composite Coloration Efficiency Measurements of Electrochromic Polymers Based on 3,4-Alkylenedioxythiophenes (2002)

We report a method to measure the composite coloration efficiency of organic electrochromic polymers at 95% of the total optical density change measured at λmax. This practical method is useful for the comparison of organic polymers as well as inorganic electrochromic oxides and for gaining insights into the reasons for increased efficiencies in organic polymer systems. Three polymers from the family of the poly(3,4-alkylenedioxythiophenes) (PXDOTs) were chosen, due to their well-behaved electrochromic properties, to develop the tandem chronoabsorptometry/chronocoulometry method. Coloration efficiencies were measured by monitoring the amount of injected/ejected charge as a function of the change in optical density of the polymer film. The results of these experiments revealed a significant relationship between structure and coloration efficiency determined at λmax in organic polymers. Poly(3,3-dimethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b]dioxepine) (PProDOT-Me2) possessed the highest coloration efficiency (375 cm2/C) compared to poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) (183 cm2/C) and poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene) (PProDOT) (285 cm2/C), due to a combination of larger changes in optical density at λmax and higher doping levels.
Survival in HIV-positive transplant recipients compared with transplant candidates and with HIV-negative controls (2015)

ClinicalTrials.Gov; NCT00074386; http://clinicaltrials.gov/.
The Minimum Description Length Principle (2007)

A comprehensive introduction and reference guide to the minimum description length (MDL) Principle that is accessible to researchers dealing with inductive reference in diverse areas including statistics, pattern classification, machine learning, data mining, biology, econometrics, and experimental psychology, as well as philosophers interested in the foundations of statistics. The minimum description length (MDL) principle is a powerful method of inductive inference, the basis of statistical modeling, pattern recognition, and machine learning. It holds that the best explanation, given a limited set of observed data, is the one that permits the greatest compression of the data. MDL methods are particularly well-suited for dealing with model selection, prediction, and estimation problems in situations where the models under consideration can be arbitrarily complex, and overfitting the data is a serious concern. This extensive, step-by-step introduction to the MDL Principle provides a comprehensive reference (with an emphasis on conceptual issues) that is accessible to graduate students and researchers in statistics, pattern classification, machine learning, and data mining, to philosophers interested in the foundations of statistics, and to researchers in other applied sciences that involve model selection, including biology, econometrics, and experimental psychology. Part I provides a basic introduction to MDL and an overview of the concepts in statistics and information theory needed to understand MDL. Part II treats universal coding, the information-theoretic notion on which MDL is built, and part III gives a formal treatment of MDL theory as a theory of inductive inference based on universal coding. Part IV provides a comprehensive overview of the statistical theory of exponential families with an emphasis on their information-theoretic properties. The text includes a number of summaries, paragraphs offering the reader a "fast track" through the material, and boxes highlighting the most important concepts.
Physics and Chemistry of Fullerenes and Derivatives: Proceedings of the International Winterschool on Electronic Properties of Novel Materials (1995)

Part 1 Fullerene preparation and derivatization: extraction, purification and characterization of fullerenes produced by combustion, A. Fonseca et al dynamics of C60 single crystal growth, M. Haluska and H. Kuzmany structural studies of C70 crystals, N. Kino et al physical properties of isolated endohedral metallofullerenes - a status report, R.H. Michel et al electrochemical derivatization of fullerenes, W. Kutner et al reaction of C70 with molecular oxygen, M. Wohlers et al homofullerenes versus methanofullerenes - a density functional study of C61H2 and C63H6, W. Andreoni and A. Curioni. Part 2 Spectroscopy, photoexcitations and transport in fullerenes: emission and absorption spectra of C60 and C70, F. Negri et al solid state effects in C60 - relationship between phase transition and optical properties, intermolecular charge transfer excitation and luminescence quenching by oxygen, N. Minami et al luminescence of solid C60F48 and C70F58, A. Kolmakov et al. Part 3 A1C60 polymers and dimers: on the electronic structure of orthorhombic A1C60, M. Yu Lavrentiev et al intermolecular coupling in laser modified C60 and RbC60, G.P. Lopinski et al phase transition and stability in A1C60 from IR and Raman spectroscopy, H. Kuzmany et al nuclear resonance properties of the A1C60 phases, M. Mehring et al. Part 4 Structure, transport and superconductivity in other fullerides: electronic properties of metal doped fullerides - pressing for higher Tc's, T.T.M. Palstra et al plasmon damping and dispersion in doped C60 compounds, O. Gunnarsson et al disorder effects in Rb3C60, K.-F. Thier et al thermopower and electron-phonon interaction in the superconductors K3C60 and Rb3C60, B.J. Ruck and A.B. Kaiser. Part 5 Magnetic fullerides: merohedral and magnetic ordering in power and crystalline TDAE-C60, D. Mihailovic et al ferromagnetic versus molecular ordering in C60 charge transfer complexes, B. Gotschy et al ferromagnetism and antiferromagnetism in organically doped fullerenes - a search for higher Tc's, P. Venturini et al. Part 6 Nanotubes and nanoclusters: the morphology, structure and texture of carbon nanotubes - an electron microscopy study, S. Amelinckx et al structural aspects of carbon nanotubes, D. Bernaerts et al magnetic properties of carbon nanotubes, J.P. Lu. Part 7 Summary: current trends towards fullerene applications, T.F. Stehlin and H.-U. ter Meer.(Part contents).
Single NIR Laser-Activated Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cascaded Photothermal and Oxygen-Independent Photodynamic Therapy (2019)

Inconvenient dual-laser irradiation and tumor hypoxic environment as well as limited judgment of treating region have impeded the development of combined photothermal and photodynamic therapies (PTT and PDT). Herein, Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH nanoparticles (NPs) are facilely developed to overcome these problems. Through a one-step method, free radical generator (AIPH) and phase transition material (lauric acid, LA, 44-46 °C) are encapsulated in hollow bismuth selenide nanoparticles (Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> NPs). Under a single 808-nm laser irradiation at the tumor area, hyperthermia produced by Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> not only directly leads to cell death, but also promotes AIPH release by melting LA and triggers free radical generation, which could further eradicate tumor cells in hypoxic environments. Moreover, Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub> with high X-ray attenuation coefficient endows the NPs with high computed tomography (CT) imaging capability, which is important for treating area determination. The results exhibit that Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH NPs possesses 31.2% photothermal conversion efficiency for enhanced PTT, ideal free radical generation for oxygen-independent PDT, and 37.77 HU mL mg<sup>-1</sup> X-ray attenuation coefficient for CT imaging with high quality. Most importantly, the tumor growth inhibition rate by synergistic PTT, PDT, and following immunotherapy is 99.6%, and even one tumor disappears completely, which demonstrates excellent cascaded synergistic effect of Bi<sub>2</sub>Se<sub>3</sub>@AIPH NPs for the tumor therapy.
The Importance of Being Variable (2011)

New work suggests that blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal variability can be a much more powerful index of human age than mean activation, and that older brains are actually less variable than younger brains. However, little is known of how BOLD variability and task performance may relate. In the current study, we examined BOLD variability in relation to age, and reaction time speed and consistency in healthy younger (20-30 years) and older (56-85 years) adults on three cognitive tasks (perceptual matching, attentional cueing, and delayed match-to-sample). Results indicated that younger, faster, and more consistent performers exhibited significantly higher brain variability across tasks, and showed greater variability-based regional differentiation compared with older, poorer-performing adults. Also, when we compared brain variability- and typical mean-based effects, the respective spatial patterns were essentially orthogonal across brain measures, and any regions that did overlap were largely opposite in directionality of effect. These findings help establish the functional basis of BOLD variability, and further support the statistical and spatial differentiation between BOLD variability and BOLD mean. We thus argue that the precise nature of relations between aging, cognition, and brain function is underappreciated by using mean-based brain measures exclusively.
Iridium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Etherification (2008)

The iridium-catalyzed enantioselective allylic etherification with aliphatic alcohols and silanols is reported. The corresponding allylic ethers are obtained in good yields and excellent enantio- and regioselectivities. This method is general and versatile for aliphatic alcohols, including tertiary alcohols.
Holographic determination of mass transfer due to impinging square jet (1976)

Abstract Local mass transfer from a flat plate under the influence of an impinging laminar air jet, issuing from a square tube, has been studied using laser holographic interferometry. No angular variation in mass transfer was found to exist near the jet centre. However, in regions far from the jet centre a periodic angular variation in mass transfer was shown to exist. Regression equations for the local mass transfer coefficient are presented for Re = 710, 980, 1325 and 1810.
Magneto-Optical Properties of Cerium-Substituted Yttrium Iron Garnet Single Crystals Grown by Traveling Solvent Floating Zone Method (1999)

A cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet (Y 3- x Ce x Fe 5 O 12 ) single crystal was grown by the traveling solvent floating zone (TSFZ) method in an oxygen environment. Using a Fe- and Ce-rich solvent, high quality single crystals with smooth and lustrous surface were grown at a rate of 1.0 mm/h. The segregation coefficient of Ce was calculated approximately as 0.2 from the compositional profile in the grown crystals measured by electron probe X-ray microanalyzer (EPMA). The optical absorption coefficient and the Faraday rotation angle of Y 2.82 Ce 0.18 Fe 5 O 12 at 1550 nm wavelength were 0.12 cm -1 and -740 deg/cm, respectively. The figure of merit of a Faraday rotator was 1423 deg/dB. The absorption loss and sensitivity of the same Y 2.82 Ce 0.18 Fe 5 O 12 ( d =0.6 mm) for the magnetic field sensor were 0.03 dB and 0.1%/Oe, respectively, at 1550 nm wavelength. These results suggest that cerium-substituted yttrium iron garnet is a high performance material for the Faraday rotator at 1550 nm wavelength.