gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The paracrine endothelin system: pathophysiology and implications in clinical medicine. (1997)

Apart from the initially described vasoconstriction, endothelins have been shown to cause a variety of biological activities in non-vascular tissues. A rapidly growing body of data supports the concept of endothelin as a paracrine acting hormone. In this review, we will discuss the impact of this local endothelin system for various cardiovascular pathophysiological states, especially atherosclerotic vascular disease, restenosis, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and arterial hypertension. In addition, the endothelin system is a modulator of renal function via its binding to abundant receptors in renal tissue and by the ability of renal endothelial and epithelial cells to synthesize and release endothelin. In the kidney, endothelin may function as a paracrine/autocrine factor in the regulation of renal blood flow, glomerular haemodynamics, and sodium and water homeostasis. The renal endothelin system is involved in kidney diseases such as impaired renal function in liver cirrhosis, cyclosporin toxicity, acute renal failure and renal glomerular and interstitial fibrosis. Therapeutic approaches with new orally active endothelin receptor antagonists are also discussed.
Filters and Feedbacks in Metamaterial Nanocircuits (2007)

Optical lumped nanofilters and circuit feedbacks may be envisioned by arranging collections of lumped nanocircuit modules made of photonic metamaterial nanostructures that form multielement optical nanocircuits. Analytical results and full-wave numerical simulations are presented.
Erfassung und Verarbeitung von Lichttransportmatrizen zur automatischen Sichtprüfung transparenter Objekte = Acquisition and processing of light transport matrices for automated transparent object inspection (2016)

Transparente Materialien kommen in diversen
Produkten zum Einsatz und mussen zur korrekten Erfullung
ihres Zwecks oft hohen Qualitatsanspruchen genugen. Dazu
mussen diese Materialien insbesondere frei sein von sogenannten
streuenden Defekten wie beispielsweise eingeschlossenen Luftblasen.
Prufsysteme auf Basis von Dunkelfeldanordnungen sind
prinzipiell in der Lage, diese Defekte abzubilden, haben jedoch
einen hohen manuellen Einrichtungsaufwand. In diesem Artikel
wird dargelegt, wie Lichttransportmatrizen fur ein optisches System
bestehend aus einer programmierbaren Flachenlichtquelle
und einer telezentrischen Kamera berechnet werden konnen. Es
werden zwei Merkmale vorgestellt, die aus diesen Matrizen extrahiert
werden konnen und die Abbildung streuender Defekte
in transparenten Objekten ermoglichen, ohne dass das System
speziell an den konkret vorliegenden Prufling angepasst werden
muss. Synthetische Experimente mit Hilfe eines physikalisch basierten
und entsprechend erweiterten Renderingframeworks erlaubten
eine positive Evaluation des Ansatzes und bestatigten eine
gewisse Uberlegenheit gegenuber klassischen Inspektionssystemen.
A Multiple Inlet Swirler For Gas Turbine Combustors (2009)

The central recirculation zone (CRZ) in a swirl stabilized gas turbine combustor has a dominant effect on the fuel air mixing process and flame stability. Most of state of the art swirlers share one disadvantage; the fixed swirl number for the same swirler configuration. Thus, in a mathematical sense, Reynolds number becomes the sole parameter for controlling the flow characteristics inside the combustor. As a result, at low load operation, the generated swirl is more likely to become feeble affecting the flame stabilization and mixing process. This paper introduces a new swirler concept which overcomes the mentioned weakness of the modern configurations. The new swirler introduces air tangentially and axially to the combustor through tangential vanes and an axial vanes respectively. Therefore, it provides different swirl numbers for the same configuration by regulating the ratio between the axial and tangential flow momenta. The swirler aerodynamic performance was investigated using four CFD simulations in order to demonstrate the impact of tangential to axial flow rate ratio on the CRZ. It was found that the length of the CRZ is directly proportional to the tangential to axial air flow rate ratio.
Reducing test application time for full scan circuits by the addition of transfer sequences (2002)

A test set for scan designs may consist of tests where primary input vectors are embedded between a scan-in and a scan-out operation. A static compaction procedure proposed earlier reduces the test application time of such a test set by removing the scan operations at the end of one test and at the beginning of another test, and concatenating the primary input vectors of the two tests. In this work, we investigate a method to increase the number of tests that can be combined in this way, thus further reducing the number of scan operations and the test application time. This is done by inserting one or more primary input vectors between the two tests being combined. The inserted vectors help detect faults that were originally detected due to the scan operations, allowing us to combine tests that cannot be combined otherwise. We present experimental results to demonstrate that improved levels of compaction can be achieved by this method.
Transpatellar bone tunnels perforating the lateral or anterior cortex increase the risk of patellar fracture in MPFL reconstruction: a finite element analysis and survey of the International Patellofemoral Study Group (2021)

Survey; Descriptive laboratory study/Level V.
Stability Studies on Chemoembolization Mixtures: Dialysis Studies of Doxorubicin and Lipiodol with Avitene, Gelfoam, and Angiostat (1993)

RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES. Chemoembolization, using a combination of embolic and chemotherapeutic agents, appears to be an effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Although the postulated mechanism of effectiveness hinges on a prolonged drug delivery, increasing evidence suggests that embolization mixtures are not stable. The objective of this study was to investigate examples of these mixtures. METHODS. Dialysis techniques have been used to examine the pharmacokinetic properties of chemoembolization mixtures that contain doxorubicin, Lipiodol (Guerbet Products, Montreal, Quebec), and the embolizing agents Avitene (Alcon Laboratories Inc., Fort Worth, Texas), Gelfoam (Upjohn, Kalamazoo, MI), and Angiostat (Regional Therapeutic Inc., Pacific Palisades, CA). RESULTS. Lipiodol, Gelfoam, and Avitene, when combined with doxorubicin, had only a small effect on the diffusion of the drug when compared with the diffusion curve of doxorubicin alone. Gelfoam or Avitene produced a thrombus-like consistency when added to a doxorubicin/Lipiodol combination, and an additional decrease in the doxorubicin appearance rate was observed. However, after 6 hours, doxorubicin levels for these mixtures reached control values observed in 3 hours. Angiostat without Lipiodol produced a profound concentration-dependent decrease in the diffusion of doxorubicin. After 9 hours, only 23% of the doxorubicin had been released. CONCLUSION. The strong complexing ability of the embolic agent Angiostat may enable it to be a carrier for doxorubicin and surpass other mixtures currently employed for transcatheter chemoembolization
Cardiac Muscarinic Receptor Overexpression in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (2010)

In the present study, it has been shown for the first time that cardiac muscarinic receptor overexpression is associated with SIDS. The increase of acetylcholinesterase enzyme activity appears as a possible regulatory mechanism.
Tantalum shock-released from 2 MBars to 0.78 MBars in lithium fluoride lands on the reflected Hugoniot within 0.2 percent (2014)

Author Institution: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue Volumes Are Cross-Sectionally Related to Markers of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress (2007)

The present cross-sectional data support an association between both SAT and VAT with inflammation and oxidative stress. The data suggest that the contribution of visceral fat to inflammation may not be completely accounted for by clinical measures of obesity (body mass index and waist circumference).
Genetics and bone. Using the mouse to understand man. (2000)

The rationale for use of inbred strains of mice in bone research is well recognized and includes: a) practical factors (economics of scale, rapid development of adult status, pre-existing knowledge, down-sized technologies) and b) proven methodologies for genetic studies (polygenic trait analyses, mapping tools, genomic sequencing, methods for gene manipulation). Initial investigations of inbred strains of mice showed that femoral and lumbar vertebral volumetric bone mineral density (BMD, mg/mm(3)) by pQCT varied in excess of 50% for femurs and 9% in vertebral BMD. Two strains - low BMD C57BL/6J (B6) mice and high BMD C3H/HeJ (C3H) - were investigated for insights to their BMD diversity. B6C3F2 females derived from intercrossing B6C3F1s were raised to adult skeletal status at 4 months, then necropsied for phenotyping of bone and genotyping of genomic DNA. 1000 F2 females were genotyped for PCR product polymorphisms on all 19 autosomes at approximately 15 cM. Genome wide analyses for genotype-phenotype correlations showed 10 chromosomes (Chrs) carried genes for femoral and 7 Chrs for vertebral BMD. LOD scores ranged from 2.90 to 24.4, and percent of F2 variance accounted for ranged from 1 to 10%. Analyses of main effects revealed both dominant-recessive and additive inheritance patterns. Both progenitor strains carried alleles with positive and negative effects on BMD of each bone sites. A remarkable array of additonal skeletal phenotypes (femur and vertebral geometry, strength measures, serum markers) also proved polygenic in nature, with complex segregation patterns. Verification of BMD quantitative trait loci (QTLs) was undertaken by creating congenic B6 strains carrying individual QTL regions from C3H. Following 6 cycles of backcrossing a QTL-containing region from C3H to the B6 strain, N6F2 congenic strain mice were aged to 4 months, then genotyped for the QTL region and phenotyped for skeletal traits. Comparison of mice homozygous for C3H alleles versus homozygous for B6 alleles in the QTL regions showed that femoral BMD increased or decreased significantly in congenic strains, as was predicted from F2 data. Gender differences specific to BMD QTLs have been revealed, as have more than 30 additional phenotypes associated with cortical and trabecular structural parameters and biomechanical properties.
Lasing thresholds and photon statistics in high-βburied multiple quantum well photonic crystal nanocavity lasers (2019)

We investigate the lasing thresholds and photon statistics of buried multiple quantum well (MQW) photonic crystal (PhC) lasers with a high spontaneous emission coupling coefficient $\ensuremath{\beta}$ and a large carrier transparency number ${N}_{0}$. Using measured input-output curves and delay-dependent second-order photon correlations ${g}^{(2)}(\ensuremath{\tau})$, we estimate that our population inversion threshold is near the kink threshold of the input-output curve, which indicates that the buried MQW PhC lasers operate close to the ``lasers without inversion'' (intensity jump without inversion) regime proposed by Yamamoto and Bj\"ork. With respect to static photon statistics ${g}^{(2)}(0)$, the super-Poissonian photon statistics ${g}^{(2)}(0)&gt;1$ are observed even one order of magnitude above the kink threshold. The super-Poissonian photon statistics are specific to the class-B lasers where the photon decay rate ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{c}$ is much larger than that of carriers ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}_{\ensuremath{\parallel}}$ and the relaxation oscillation occurs. We also propose that the pump power needed to maximize the damping time of the relaxation oscillation could be the noise threshold at which the photon statistics change from thermal to Poissonian.
ChemInform Abstract: Dramatic Enhancement of Reactivity of Organosilicon Compounds Induced by Complexation of Bis(allyl)silanes with Fluoride Ion. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Achromatic THz wave plate composed of stacked parallel metal plates (2013)

We propose a simple achromatic terahertz wave plate composed of stacked parallel metal plates with a hole array. It consists of an ensemble of designed parallel plate waveguides; the high and low propagation speeds of waves in TE and TM waveguide modes with the same group velocity cause a constant phase difference over a wide frequency region. Using that wave plate, we obtained intense single- and multi-cycle THz pulses with circular polarization.
Design of contact zone topography for implantable high-channel electrical connectors (2017)

Detachable high-channel electrical connections pose a bottleneck on the path to active implants with higher numbers of electrode contacts and miniaturized geometries. Not only low-resistance, reproducible and reliable contacts have to be realized but also seals that ensure electrical insulation in the harsh body environment. Using planar contact arrangements one can resort to laser microprocessing leading to minimal size connectors. However, this poses the need to carefully design the topographies within the contact zone. In this study, we assess different methods to design the topography of planar contact pad arrays. Using topographical analysis and evaluation of electrical functionality, influential mechanisms were identified and two functional ones have been selected.
Vision-Based Control of Agile, Autonomous Micro Air Vehicles and Small UAVs in Urban Environments (2007)

This project investigated technologies to enable autonomous flight of agile vehicles in urban environments. Specifically, technologies were developed that related to vision-based feedback for control. The mission profile under consideration was a single vehicle carrying a video camera while flying below the rooftops of a city with no additional sensors or pre-existing map information. As such, substantial progress was made in the areas of feature-point tracking, state estimation, scene reconstruction, robustness to camera calibration, daisy-chaining navigation, mapping, path planning, and feedback characterization. An integrated approach was used that (be used on multi-disciplinary analysis for decision making and control commands. The project spiraled the maturation of technologies from theory to simulation to flight testing. The simulation relied upon a hardware-in-the-loop simulation facility that allowed the physical camera to record measurements from high-fidelity graphics and thus consider the effects of distortion and nonlinearities.
Blockade of Caspase-2 Activity Inhibits Ischemia/Reperfusion-Induced Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Burst and Cell Death in Cardiomyocytes (2011)

We previously showed that initiator caspases-2 and −8 are prominently activated in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in cardiomyocytes, but while blockade of caspase-2 activity enhanced cell survival, blockade of caspase-8 activity did not protect cardiomyocytes. Because apoptotic death in these cells is characterized by a burst of reactive oxygen species (ROS) at reperfusion and their survival by inhibition of this burst, we examined the effects of blocking caspase-2 and caspase-8 activities on ROS production. Caspase-2 inhibition blocked the reperfusion-induced ROS burst, while inhibition of caspase-8 did not. We also examined effects of caspase inhibition on mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and mitochondrial function and found that blocking caspase-2, but not caspase-8, allowed recovery of ΔΨm and mitochondrial functionality. Furthermore, knockdown of caspase-2 by small-interfering (si)RNA confirmed caspase-2 participation in cytochrome c release, which correlates with loss of ΔΨm and cell death in these cardiomyocytes.
CONTINUOUS 24‐HOUR INTRA‐ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURE RECORDING IN THE CONSCIOUS UNRESTRAINED RABBIT (1985)

A measuring system is described for the long-term continuous beat-to-beat measurement of mean aortic pressure and heart period (interval between beats) in the conscious unrestrained rabbit. Pressures and heart periods were collected in hourly histograms. The histograms were summed into day (0800-2000 h), night (2000-0800 h) and 24-hour histograms. Separate histograms were formed for resting and active periods. From each histogram the mean value, standard deviation, fifth percentile, 50th percentile and 95th percentile were calculated and stored on a floppy disc together with the histograms. Off-line, histograms and their descriptive parameters were plotted and sent to a HP1000 computer for bulk storage and further analysis. The measuring system is capable of handling up to eight animals simultaneously for an indefinite period. The design functioned properly in the long-term measurement (more than 4 weeks) of mean level and variability of arterial pressure and heart period. The measuring system is useful in the study of arterial blood pressure behaviour after sino-aortic denervation and in the evaluation of drug effects in conscious animals.
Flow Boiling Heat Transfer in Horizontal Metal-Foam Tubes (2009)

The two-phase flow and boiling heat transfer in horizontal metal-foam filled tubes are experimentally investigated. The results show that the heat transfer is almost doubled by reducing the cell size from 20 ppi to 40 ppi for a given porosity, thanks to more surface area and strong flow mixing for the smaller cell size. The boiling heat transfer coefficient keeps steady rising, albeit slowly, by increasing the vapor quality for high mass flow rates, while the same story does not hold for the cases of low mass flow rates. The flow pattern can be indirectly judged through monitoring the cross-sectional wall surface temperature fluctuations and wall-refrigerant temperature difference. As the operating pressure increases, the boiling heat transfer at low vapor quality (x&lt;0.1) exhibits similar behavior with pool boiling heat transfer, namely, the heat transfer is enhanced by improving the pressure. However the flow boiling heat transfer is suppressed to some extent as the pressure increases. The heat transfer coefficient of copper foam tubes is approximately three times higher than that of plain tubes.
Thermal–structure coupling analysis and multi-objective optimization of motor rotor in MSPMSM (2018)

With the high speed, the rotor of magnetically suspended permanent magnet synchronous motor (MSPMSM) suffers great thermal stress and mechanical stress resulting from the temperature rise problem caused by rotor losses, which leads to instability and inefficiency. In this paper, the mechanical–temperature field coupling analysis is conducted to analyze the relationship between the temperature field and structure, and multi-objective optimization of a rotor is performed to improve the design reliability and efficiency. Firstly, the temperature field is calculated by the 2D finite element model of MSPMSM and the method of applying the 2D temperature result to the 3D finite element model of the motor rotor equivalently is proposed. Then the thermal–structure coupling analysis is processed through mathematic method and finite element method (FEM), in which the 3D finite element model is established precisely in a way and approaches the practical operation state further. Moreover, the impact produced by the temperature and structure on the mechanical strength is analyzed in detail. Finally, the optimization mathematical model of the motor rotor is established with Sequential Quadratic Programming-NLPQL selected in the optimization scheme. Through optimization, the strength of the components in the motor rotor increases obviously and satisfies the design requirement, which to a great extend enhances the service life of the MSPMSM rotor.
A flexible ServerNet-based fault-tolerant architecture (2002)

The paper introduces a new fault-tolerant architecture that combines the best attributes of the software fault-tolerant Tandem NonStop systems with the hardware fault-tolerant integrity systems. This architecture is based on the ServerNet System Area Network (SAN). ServerNet, formerly called TNet, is a packetized byte-serial multistage network that supports both I/O and interprocessor traffic in fault-tolerant systems. Dual-ported CPUs and VO controllers connect to independent subnetworks in a variety of different network topologies. Systems can expand either through shared or distributed memory multiprocessing. A separate maintenance system controls system initialization, online configuration changes, and error reporting. The architecture's flexibility makes it suitable for a wide range of environments with varying requirements for performance, fault tolerance, and software compatibility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of the crystallinity and rigid amorphous fraction in cold‐crystallized isotactic polystyrene (2003)

Abstract The phase structure of crystalline isotactic polystyrene (iPS) has been investigated with temperature‐modulated differential scanning calorimetry (TMDSC), wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Quenched amorphous samples have been cold‐crystallized at 140 or 170 °C for various crystallization times. The degree of crystallinity obtained from WAXS, with the ratio of the crystal peak intensity to the total peak intensity, shows excellent agreement with the crystallinity determined from TMDSC total heat flow endotherms. For the first time, FTIR results show that the absorbance peak ratio ( I / I ) has a linear correlation with the crystalline mass fraction (χ c ) for cold‐crystallized iPS according to the following relation: I / I = 0.54χ c + 0.16. This relationship allows the crystallinity of iPS to be determined from infrared spectroscopy analyses in cases in which it is difficult to perform thermal or X‐ray measurements. On the basis of the measurements of the heat capacity increment at the glass transition, we find that a significant amount of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) coexists with the crystalline and mobile amorphous phases in cold‐crystallized iPS. The RAF increases systematically with the crystallization time, and a greater amount is formed at a lower crystallization temperature. A three‐phase model (crystalline phase, mobile amorphous phase, and rigid amorphous phase) is, therefore, appropriate for the interpretation of the structure of cold‐crystallized iPS. The origin of the low‐temperature endothermic peak (annealing peak) has been investigated with TMDSC and FTIR spectroscopy and has been shown to be due to irreversible relaxation of the RAF. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 3026–3036, 2003
A novel counter‐selection method for markerless genetic modification in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2012)

The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is a photosynthetic organism capable of efficient harnessing of solar energy while capturing CO(2) from the environment. Methods to genetically alter its genomic DNA are essential for elucidating gene functions and are useful tools for metabolic engineering. In this study, a novel counter-selection method for the genetic alteration of Synechocystis was developed. This method utilizes the nickel inducible expression of mazF, a general protein synthesis inhibitor, as a counter-selection marker. Counter-selection is particularly useful because the engineered strain is free of any markers which make further genetic modification independent of available antibiotic resistance genes. The usability of this method was further demonstrated by altering genes at several loci in two variants of Synechocystis.