gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Annotated Example SDP for WebRTC (2020)

The Web Real Time Communications (WebRTC) family of protocols defines
mechanism for direct interactive rich communication using audio,
video, and data between two peers' web browsers. With in the WebRTC
framework, the Session Description Protocol (SDP) is used for
negotiating session capabilities between the peers. Such a negotiation
happens based on the SDP offer/answer exchange mechanism This
document provides an informational reference in describing the role of
SDP and the offer/answer exchange mechanism for the most common WebRTC
use cases. This document makes no changes to the SDP offer/answer
exchange mechanism.
The application of exosomes as a nanoscale cancer vaccine (2010)

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and it is predicted and projected to continue rising as life expectancy increases. Although patient survival rates for some forms of cancers are high due to clinical advances in treatment protocols, the search for effective cancer vaccines remains the ultimate Rosetta Stone in oncology. Cervarix(®), Gardasil(®), and hepatitis B vaccines are currently employed in preventing certain forms of viral cancers. However, they are, strictly speaking, not 'true' cancer vaccines as they are prophylactic rather than therapeutic, are only effective against the oncogenic viruses, and do not kill the actual cancer cells. On April 2010, a new prostate cancer vaccine Provenge(®) (sipuleucel-T) was approved by the US FDA, and it is the first approved therapeutic vaccine that utilizes antigen-presenting cell technology involving dendritic cells in cancer immunotherapy. Recent evidence suggests that the use of nanoscale particles like exosomes in immunotherapy could form a viable basis for the development of novel cancer vaccines, via antigen-presenting cell technology, to prime the immune system to recognize and kill cancer cells. Coupled with nanotechnology, engineered exosomes are emerging as new and novel avenues for cancer vaccine development. Here, we review the current knowledge pertaining to exosome technology in immunotherapy and also seek to address the challenges and future directions associated with it, in hopes of bringing this exciting application a step closer toward an effective clinical reality.
Keratinocyte growth factor: a new mesothelial targeted therapy to reduce postoperative pericardial adhesions☆ (2008)

The stimulation of pericardial cells with KGF reduced the intensity of postoperative adhesions and facilitated the re-operation. This study suggests that the mesothelial regeneration is the new horizon in anti-adhesion therapies.
Effects of Retinoid Glucuronides on Mammary Gland Development in Organ Culture (1991)

Retinoyl beta-glucuronide (RAG) and retinyl beta-glucuronide (ROG) inhibit prolactin-induced morphological developments in cultured mouse mammary gland, and are equally effective in depressing prolactin and steroid hormone-induced DNA synthesis in the same tissue. Retinol is essentially inactive by both assay methods. Although RAG and ROG show little or no toxicity in several cell and animal models, some possibly toxic manifestations were seen at higher concentrations in cultured mammary tissue. Nonetheless, because of the strong correlation between the actions of chemopreventive agents in culture mouse mammary glands and their effectiveness in vivo, the retinoid glucuronides may well prove to be useful cancer chemopreventive agents.
Phagocytic Response in Photochemically Induced Infarction of Rat Cerebral Cortex (1997)

The initial phagocytic response after focal brain ischemia is an intrinsic property of the nervous system mainly performed by resident microglia. The majority of hematogenous macrophages are recruited secondarily to participate in the removal of necrotic tissue.
DC-sensitivities for impedance controllers in an agent-based power flow control system (2018)

Power flow controlling Multi-Agent-Systems are potentially cost-effective short- and mid-term solutions for congestion management. Financial and operational advantages of such a system can be enhanced by the use of impedance controllers. To ensure reliable operation of these devices, an agent must be able to appropriately approximate an impedance controller's impact on line power flows. This can be achieved by calculating DC-sensitivities of the lines to small impedance changes with DC distribution factors. Conventional DC distribution factors are not applicable for this problem because of their non-linear behavior towards impedance changes. This is why a novel method for the calculation of DC-sensitivities for small impedance changes is proposed in this paper. The method only needs the grid's suscepetance matrix and the current power flow on the line equipped with the impedance controllers as inputs. The calculation is computationally inexpensive and delivers sufficiently accurate results. The sensitivities' linear behavior towards impedance change makes them easy to use for agents.
GI Training: Where Are We Headed? (2011)

Gastroenterology (GI) fellowship training slots are not expected to increase over the next 10 years despite a 9% estimated US population growth. There is also no expected increase in the number of hours worked per gastroenterologist; instead, this number will probably decrease slightly, as GI will have continued growth in the percentage of women and of men in dual career families. The current trend of "sub-specialization" within GI is likely to continue, although this will not be formally recognized by further extension of the length of training or by additional board requirements. Current sub-specialties include hepatology, inflammatory bowel disease, motility, small bowel imaging, and interventional endoscopy. Most "sub-specialty" GI training will be incorporated within the 3-year fellowship, with the probable exception of interventional endoscopy, which will likely take an additional training year. End points for training and criteria for credentialing in the future will focus more on quality measures in both procedural and cognitive aspects of GI. Hopefully, this move to "competency evaluation with quality measures" will eliminate undertrained endoscopists such as the non-gastroenterologist performing occasional colonoscopy or the gastroenterologist performing occasional ERCP. Post-graduate GI training is also undergoing transformation, partly due to a decrease in industry support of graduate medical education, which has previously been heavily relied upon. The expected wider use of web-based training by the technology-comfortable younger generation of physicians may partly fill this gap. Despite the challenges facing GI training at both the fellowship and post-graduate level, GI is expected to remain a popular specialty choice. It is likely that sub-specialization within GI will continue to grow in both academic and private practices due in part to an increasing focus on quality patient outcomes.
Differential expression of XET‐related genes in the leaf elongation zone of F. pratensis (2001)

Festuca pratensis Huds. is a forage grass with the ability to withstand harsh climatic conditions. However, its potential agronomic use is limited by its poor competitive ability, which can be traced to limitations in leaf growth. In order to characterize this process and to identify genes which might function as markers for leaf growth, three XET-related genes in the leaf elongation zone (LEZ) of F. pratensis are reported. A detailed expression analysis is presented of the three genes in two F. pratensis genotypes with contrasting leaf growth characteristics grown under two nitrogen levels. By means of a detailed spatial analysis of growth and XET encoding transcript pattern along the LEZ, a specific correlation is shown between FpXET1 expression and tissue elongation that is maintained under the different growth conditions, while the two other XETs expressed in the LEZ show different transcript dynamics. Tissue localization of FpXET1 and FpXET2 transcripts indicate an accumulation throughout young tissue, which is consistent with the encoded proteins playing roles in cell wall modification processes during growth. It is proposed that FpXET1 is a potential marker for tissue elongation and leaf growth in F. pratensis.
ESTRATÉGIAS DE PARACONSTRUÇÃO DE SENTENÇAS DE BASE NA ELABORAÇÃO DE RESUMOS INFORMATIVOS (2001)

Resumo Em trabalho que analisou a influência do sublinhado de um primeiro leitor na elaboração de resumos informativos, estudei as estratégias de paraconstrução das sentenças de base em sentenças de resumo. Para tanto, analisei 20 resumos de artigos de divulgação científica, elaborados por 5 acadêmicas de pedagogia. O corpus demonstrou que as informantes resumiram a partir: da consideração particular de uma sentença de base, comprimindo a linearidade lingüística; da aglutinação de pelo menos duas sentenças de base em uma sentença de resumo; e do recurso da cópia acrescida ou não de apagamento(s) e/ou paráfrase(s) simples.
Metallo-Polymer Chain Extension Controls the Morphology and Release Kinetics of Microparticles Composed of Terpyridine-Capped Polylactides and their Stereocomplexes (2017)

Control over morphology and porosity of supramolecular complexed polylactide (PLA) microparticles can be achieved by manipulation of the supramolecular interactions between their constituent polymeric building blocks. It is expected that such modular systems are ideal candidates to serve as degradable delivery carriers. In view of this goal, this study reports about a modular fabrication of biodegradable microparticles from terpyridine (TPy) and bisterpyridine (bisTPy) end-functionalized PLAs that can be transiently extended by chain association through differently strong complexation to three metal cations: Ni<sup>2+</sup> , Co<sup>2+</sup> , or Fe<sup>2+</sup> . Further influence on the morphology of the particles can be exerted by hydrogen-bonding association of enantiomeric l- and d-PLA chains in the form of stereocomplexes. Both effects cause different stabilization of phase-separating TPy and bisTPy PLA micrograins in a process of droplet-based microfluidic particle templating, resulting in different forms of microparticle porosity. If the resulting particles are tailored such to be highly porous, they exhibit a faster release of a model drug, (S)-(+)-4-(3-amino-pyrrolidino)-7-nitrobenzo-furazan, than if they have smooth surfaces. As a result, control over the synthetic parameters, and hence, the particle porosity, can be used to tune the release profiles of drugs from the PLA microspheres.
Hyperspectral imaging: A non-invasive method of imaging melanoma lesions in a patient with stage IV melanoma, being treated with a RAF inhibitor (2011)

Utilizing a macroscopic Prism and Reflectance Imaging Spectroscopy System (MACRO-PARISS), spectral data are taken from human skin using a fiber optic light probe. The subject was an oncology patient at the University of Pennsylvania, with biopsy proven melanoma, who underwent chemotherapy with a novel small molecule BRAF inhibitor as part of a Phase I clinical trial. The BRAF mutation had been previously identified in this patient. Cutaneous lesions were identified by a clinical oncologist, and lesions were imaged periodically over a 1 month period of time. Spectra are classified using a linearity-independent algorithm over a wavelength range of 450-920 nm. Spectral signatures, or characteristic features, of generated spectra correlate with gross features of lesions that are readily observable. Using PARISS we demonstrated differences between spectral signatures of treated lesions over a treatment course, indicating spectral data correlation with changes in disease. PARISS may be useful to better establish a noninvasive means of following disease progression, and ultimately establish characteristic spectral signatures to define disease presence in the future.
OpenABM-Covid19—An agent-based model for non-pharmaceutical interventions against COVID-19 including contact tracing (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 has spread across the world, causing high mortality and unprecedented restrictions on social and economic activity. Policymakers are assessing how best to navigate through the ongoing epidemic, with computational models being used to predict the spread of infection and assess the impact of public health measures. Here, we present OpenABM-Covid19: an agent-based simulation of the epidemic including detailed age-stratification and realistic social networks. By default the model is parameterised to UK demographics and calibrated to the UK epidemic, however, it can easily be re-parameterised for other countries. OpenABM-Covid19 can evaluate non-pharmaceutical interventions, including both manual and digital contact tracing, and vaccination programmes. It can simulate a population of 1 million people in seconds per day, allowing parameter sweeps and formal statistical model-based inference. The code is open-source and has been developed by teams both inside and outside academia, with an emphasis on formal testing, documentation, modularity and transparency. A key feature of OpenABM-Covid19 are its Python and R interfaces, which has allowed scientists and policymakers to simulate dynamic packages of interventions and help compare options to suppress the COVID-19 epidemic.
Zolpidem: a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic for treatment of insomnia. (1993)

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical efficacy of zolpidem tartrate, a new hypnotic agent, are described. Zolpidem belongs to the imidazopyridine class. It exhibits high-affinity binding at a benzodiazepine-receptor subtype that is located in the cerebellum and cerebral cortex but not in the spinal cord or peripheral tissues. It decreases sleep latency and increases total sleep time and sleep efficiency without affecting sleep architecture. Zolpidem tartrate is absorbed rapidly. Bioavailability is 67% after oral doses of 5-20 mg. Pharmacokinetics show age-related and sex-related variations. The disposition of zolpidem is reduced in hepatically and renally impaired patients. Clinical studies have shown effectiveness of zolpidem in increasing sleep time and decreasing sleep latency. It has demonstrated efficacy equal to that of benzodiazepines without causing rebound insomnia or withdrawal effects. Comparative trials have found zolpidem as effective as flunitrazepam, flurazepam, and triazolam. The optimum dose of zolpidem tartrate is 10 mg at bedtime; 5 mg for elderly patients. Adverse reactions to zolpidem are dose-related and have primarily CNS and gastro-intestinal manifestations. Zolpidem exhibits similar efficacy to the benzodiazepines in the treatment of insomnia. Zolpidem's advantages over benzodiazepines are that it does not lead to tolerance, withdrawal phenomena, or REM rebound; however, for short-term, as-needed use, these advantages are not relevant.
Studies on Oxidation of Tocopherols. I. The Products of Tocopherol Model Compounds by Photo-Oxidation (1978)

Since there is little report on the photo-oxidation of tocopherols, known as the natural antioxidant, photo-oxidation of a model compound of tocopherols was carried out and its products were examined. Reaction of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 5, 7, 8-pentamethylchroman (1) in benzene afforded 6.8% of trimer (2), 9.5% of 5-formyl-6-hydroxy-2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman (3), and 5.6% of 2-(3-hydroxyisoamyl)-3, 5, 6-trimethyl-p-benzoquinone (4), while that in ethanol solution gave 6.8% of 2, 2.5% of 5-ethoxymethyl-6-hydroxy-2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman (6), and 25.7% of 4. The reaction of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 5, 8-tetramethylchroman (7) in benzene gave 9.0% of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 5, 8-tetramethyl-7-(2, 2, 5, 8-tetramethyl-6-chromanyloxy) chroman (8), 8.9% of trimer (9), 13.5% of 5-formyl-6-hydroxy-2, 2, 8-trimethylchroman (10), and 6.4% of 3, 6-dimethyl-2-(3-hydroxyisoamyl)-p-benzoquinone (11). Similarly, 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman (12) gave 6.8% of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethyl-5-(2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethyl-6-chromanyloxy) chroman (13) and 26.6% of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethyl-5-(6-hydroxy-2, 2, 7, 8-tetramethylchroman-5-yl) chroman, while 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 8-trimethylchroman (16) gave 6.2% of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 8-trimethyl-5-(2, 2, 8-trimethyl-6-chromanyloxy) chroman (17) and 8.5% of 6-hydroxy-2, 2, 8-trimethyl-5-(6-hydroxy-2, 2, 8-trimethylchroman-5-yl) chroman (18) The methyl group in 5-position of 1 and 7 seems to be active and 2, 3, 9, and 10 formed by the reaction progressing with the benzyl radical so formed were obtained. In 7, 12, and 16, in which the postion ortho to 6-hydroxy group is vacant, compounds 8, 13, 14, 17, and 18 formed by the carbon-oxygen coupling or carbon-carbon coupling were obtained.
Double Resonance NMR and Molecular Simulations of Hydrofluorocarbon Binding on Faujasite Zeolites NaX and NaY:  the Importance of Hydrogen Bonding in Controlling Adsorption Geometries (2001)

Double resonance NMR experiments have been used to study the binding of the asymmetric hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) CF3CFH2 (HFC-134a), CF3CF2H (HFC-125) and CF2HCFH2 (HFC-143) on zeolites NaX and NaY. By exploiting the very large differences in 19F chemical shifts for the −CF3-xHx end groups of each molecule, individual 19F → 23Na cross-polarization (CP) build-up curves involving polarization transfer from different parts of the molecule have been obtained. CP efficiencies in the order CF3≪CF2H<CFH2 were found, indicating that the hydrogen-containing groups are bound more strongly to the zeolite framework. This effect is most pronounced for the lowest-sodium content zeolite studied (NaY: Si/Al = 7.6), and increases with HFC loading. Both the 1H NMR resonances and 1H → 27Al and 1H → 17O CP MAS NMR experiments are consistent with H-bonding interactions with the zeolite framework. Molecular dynamics and docking calculations for HFC-134 and 134a on model NaY and NaX zeolites revealed the importance of both H-bonding and Na−F interactions in determining the low-energy sorption sites. Stable binding sites for HFC-134a in NaY were found by docking to involve only CFH2−Na(SII) contacts, in qualitative agreement with the CP results. The simulations indicate that Na-binding to the groups with more H atoms is favored by the possibility of achieving shorter Na−F distances and maximizing the number of H-bonds with the framework. The higher sodium content zeolite containing both SII and SIII cations gives minimum energy binding sites involving multiple Na−F and H-bonding contacts. For HFC-134 (gauche conformer), the global energy minimum actually involves several H-bonds but no short Na−F contacts.
Flexible Bidding of Electric Energy Storage for Retail Day-Ahead Transactive Market (2020)

This paper presents a flexible day-ahead (DA) bidding strategy for electric energy storage to participate in retail DA transactive market. First, optimum battery schedules are computed by maximizing the profits over the given time horizon using forecasted DA prices. The optimum schedules together with the forecasted electricity prices are then used to create a flexible bid curve for the batteries. Since forecast of the DA electricity prices is not deterministic, the optimum bid quantity obtained based on optimization would no longer be optimum when a) electricity prices change from forecasted values and/or b) market clears at the price different than the bid price. The proposed flexible bidding mechanism adapts to such market deviations by considering the flexibility of the battery operation, battery characteristics, and battery owner's desired profit into flexible bid curve. The performance of the flexible bidding is demonstrated using Pacific Northwest National Laboratory's transactive energy system platform and was compared against point bidding. The simulation results demonstrated that the flexible bidding resulted in significantly higher profit (>50%) to the battery owner compared to the point bidding.
Autogenous vaccination reduces antimicrobial usage and mortality rates in a herd facing severe exudative epidermitis outbreaks in weaned pigs (2018)

This study was conducted in a commercial 1000-sow herd facing recurrent exudative epidermitis (EE) outbreaks during the nursery period and assessed the efficacy of autogenous vaccination in controlling such outbreaks. The vaccine was produced using three <i>Staphylococcus hyicus</i> isolates recovered from affected pigs shortly before the onset of the study. All of those isolates were positive for the <i>exh</i>B gene, which encodes the exfoliative toxin type B (ExhB). From four consecutive farrowing batches of sows, two batches were vaccinated (V) against <i>S hyicus</i> at five and two weeks before farrowing, and two sow batches remained non-vaccinated (NV). Vaccination efficacy was primarily determined by the levels of metaphylactic antimicrobial usage, and the morbidity and mortality data for the pigs of the V and NV sows. The total amount of antimicrobials used metaphylactically against EE in pigs among the V and NV farrowing batches was 39,600 and 88,550 mg, respectively. The used daily dose pig to animal daily dose pig ratio for the V and NV batches were 1.31 and 1.79, respectively (a ratio of 0.8 to 1.2 is indicative of correct dosing). The morbidity and mortality rates were V=6.50 and NV=14.36 (P=0.008), and V=2.59 and NV=5.02 (P=0.000), respectively. To conclude, autogenous vaccination of the sows with a vaccine based on <i>exh</i>B-positive <i>S hyicus</i> isolates reduced metaphylactic treatment with antimicrobials as well as the morbidity and mortality rates in weaned pigs compared with pigs from NV sow batches.
Optical Transport Networks: Current Challenges and Solutions for the Future (2008)

Today carriers are introducing core routers that have 10 or 40 Gb/s trunk interfaces. Recently, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers has initiated discussion on higher rate Ethernet interface standard such as 100 Gb/s.
Acute Procedural Outcomes of Orbital Atherectomy for the Treatment of Profunda Femoris Artery Disease: Subanalysis of the CONFIRM Registries. (2018)

Orbital atherectomy of the PFA was feasible and safe. A randomized trial is needed to determine the ideal treatment strategy for calcified PFA disease.
Experimental study of the correlation length of critical-current fluctuations in the presence of surface disorder: Probing vortex long-range interactions (2006)

We report on critical currents and voltage noise measurements in niobium strips in the superconducting state, in the presence of a bulk vortex lattice $(B&lt;{B}_{C2})$ and in the surface superconducting state $({B}_{c2}&lt;B&lt;{B}_{C3})$. For homogeneous surfaces, the correlation length of the current fluctuations can be associated with the electromagnetic skin depth of vortex superficial instabilities. The modification of the surface state by means of low energy irradiation induces a strong modification of the critical current and of the noise. The appearance of a corner frequency in the spectral domain can be linked with the low wave vectors of the artificial corrugation. Since this latter occurs only for $B&lt;{B}_{C2}$, we propose that the long-range interactions allow the correlation length to extend up to values imposed by the surface topography.