gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Barogenic Perforation of the Esophagus Distal to a Stricture After Endoscopy (1990)

Instrumentation is the most common cause of esophageal perforation, usually at or above a stricture. We report an unusual case in which the perforation occurred distal to a proximal esophageal stricture during diagnostic endoscopy. The perforation occurred close to the gastroesophageal junction involving an apparently normal esophagus, in a manner similar to that of "spontaneous," barogenic esophageal rupture (Boerhaave's syndrome). We postulate that the abrupt rise in pressure in the intraluminal esophagus, the inlet of which was obstructed by a tightly fitting instrument, was responsible for the rupture.
Variational reactivity estimates: new analyses and new results (2009)

A modified form of the variational estimate of the reactivity worth of a perturbation was previously developed to extend the range of applicability of variational perturbation theory for perturbations leading to negative reactivity worths. Recent numerical results challenged the assumptions behind the modified form. In this paper, more results are obtained, leading to the conclusion that sometimes the modified form extends the range of applicability of variational perturbation theory for positive reactivity worths as well, and sometimes the standard variational form is more accurate for negative-reactivity perturbations. In addition, this paper proves that using the exact generalized adjoint function would lead to an inaccurate variational reactivity estimate when the error in the first-order estimate is large; the standard generalized adjoint function, an approximation to the exact one, leads to more accurate results. This conclusion is also demonstrated numerically. Transport calculations use the PARTISN multigroup discrete ordinates code.
A reevaluation of the putative association between the Fc gamma receptor and histocompatibility antigens on human mononuclear leukocytes. (1982)

The controversial question of an association between human Ia antigens and the FcR for immunoglobulin G has been examined. The experimental basis upon which such a relationship has been predicted was reevaluated. Human allosera with specificity for classical transplantation antigens, HLA-DR, and the related supertypic specificities MB and MT have been tested for their capacities to inhibit homologous EA rosette formation by PBM and B-CLL cells. Both immune and "nonimmune" sera inhibited rosette formation. Sera were normalized with respect to IgG concentration, and no significant quantitative differences in the observed inhibition were seen. Positive reactivity of the antisera with Ia, HLA-A, or HLA-B antigens did not influence EA binding to FcR. Furthermore, F(ab')2 of IgG from reactive sera did not inhibit rosette formation. These observations have been extended using murine reagents. A.TH anti-A.TL serum, which reacts with human Ia in binding and immunoprecipitation studies, and five monoclonal antibodies, which have been raised against human Ia and bind to monomorphic determinants, were tested for an effect on EA rosette formation. When these reagents were tested at concentrations at which they could be shown to bind to antigens on the target cell population, no inhibition of EA rosette formation by human PBM, MON or B-CLL cells could be demonstrated. The studies provide no evidence to suggest the existence of an association between Ia and the human FcR.
Spin magnetoresistance of a strontium iridate/manganite heterostructure (2022)

The results of the angular dependences of the magnetoresistance of the SrIrO 3 /La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 heterostructure made of oxide thin films epitaxially grown on a NdGaO 3 substrate are presented and discussed. The resistance of the heterostructure was measured in configuration of planar Hall effect with magnetic field applied in parallel making possible to estimate the spin-Hall angle. The contribution of the anisotropic magnetoresistance and the spin-Hall magnetoresistance occurred due to strong spin-orbit interaction in the SrIrO 3 film were evaluated. Keywords: strontium iridate, spin-orbit interaction, spin magnetoresistance, spin-Hall angle.
Destination-directed, packet-switched architecture for a geostationary communications satellite network (1993)

A major goal of the Digital Systems Technology Branch at the NASA Lewis Research Center is to identify and develop critical digital components and technologies that either enable new commercial missions or significantly enhance the performance, cost efficiency, and/or reliability of existing and planned space communications systems. NASA envisions a need for low-data-rate, interactive, direct-to-the-user communications services for data, voice, facsimile, and video conferencing. The network would provide enhanced very-small-aperture terminal (VSAT) communications services and be capable of handling data rates of 64 kbps through 2.048 Mbps in 64-kbps increments. Efforts have concentrated heavily on the space segment; however, the ground segment has been considered concurrently to ensure cost efficiency and realistic operational constraints. The focus of current space segment developments is a flexible, high-throughput, fault-tolerant onboard information-switching processor (ISP) for a geostationary satellite communications network. The Digital Systems Technology Branch is investigating both circuit and packet architectures for the ISP. Destination-directed, packet-switched architectures for geostationary communications satellites are addressed.
Model and experimental validation of a controllable membrane-type humidifier for fuel cell applications (2008)

For temperature and humidity control of fuel cell reactants, a gas humidification apparatus was designed and constructed. We then developed a low-order, control-oriented model of the humidification system thermal dynamics based on first principles. A simple and reproducible methodology is then employed for parameterizing the humidification system model using experimental data. Finally, the system model is experimentally validated under a wide range of operating conditions. It is shown that a physics based estimation of the air- vapor mixture relative humidity leaving the humidifier system (supplied to the fuel cell) is possible using temperature and pressure measurements. This estimation eliminates the need for a bulky and expensive humidity sensor and enables the future application of temperature feedback control for thermal and humidity management of the fuel cell reactants.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Over Microchannel Surfaces With Ethanol at Atmospheric Pressure (2012)

The growing trend in miniaturization has brought forth boiling as an important research topic for augmentation of heat transfer in electronic cooling application. Pool boiling has the ability to dissipate a large quantity of heat while maintaining a small temperature difference. The heat dissipation capacity of pool boiling is further augmented through the use of enhanced microchannel surfaces. The objective of this work is to investigate the pool boiling performance of various microchannel structures using ethanol as the fluid medium. Ethanol has higher heat of vaporization compared to refrigerants and lower saturation temperature compared to water. Hence it has the potential to be used as an alternative cooling medium. This investigation will focus on experimentally studying the effect of enhanced surface structures on pool boiling of ethanol at atmospheric pressure.
A simple predistorter in fixed microwave radio system with the transmission power control (2012)

This paper presents an orthogonal look up tables (LUTs) based predistorter (PD) whose coefficients are generated adaptively to minimize the out-band distortion power. It has low complexity and high robustness to impairments from the feedback circuit, with the drawback of slow convergence meanwhile. To counteract the performance degradation in the case of fast transmission power control (TPC) due to the slow convergence, a selection mechanism between on-line generated and memorized coefficients is proposed. The orthogonal LUTs based perdistorter and its TPC countermeasure were implemented in a fixed microwave radio system, where 14 dB reduction of adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) was verified relying on experiments. In addition, the performance in the case of 100 dB/s TPC was also confirmed to satisfy the ACLR requirement of -45 dB.
Measurement of "Reed to Room"-Transfer Functions (2019)

A method is proposed here to synthesize the acoustic response of a room to a musical reed wind instrument with tone holes played by a musician. The procedure uses convolution of a) two measured pulse responses and b) the mouthpiece pressure during playing. The novelty of the approach is to include the sound radiation directivity of the source in the impulse response measurement of the room by using the wind instrument's air column as an exciter. At the reed input end of the air column pressure pulses at typical peak pressures of several kilopascals are generated using a compressor and a solenoid valve, which provides a high SNR even at distant measurement positions. For auralization purpose, the source signal measurement is done very close to the sound generation locus, i.e. inside the mouthpiece. Because this measurement is largely insensitive to room acoustics, the proposed method can be considered a very convenient alternative to music recordings in anechoic conditions. As a proof of concept we report here experimental results for the case of a bassoon. The method can be extended to auralizations of reed and lip-reed musical instruments in virtual acoustic scenes, and sheds light on the importance of the reflective and radiative properties of the air column for the sound coloration.
The Effects of Frequency Offset and Timing Jitter on the Performance of CSS System (2008)

Chirp spread spectrum (CSS) is a wideband modulation technique employing linear frequency sweep. We analyze the effects of frequency offset and timing jitter on the performance of CSS system. The exact bit error rate (BER) expressions of CSS system are derived in the presence of frequency offset and timing jitter. It is shown that analytical and experimental results match exactly and the frequency offset and the timing jitter degrade the CSS performance. In addition, we suggest tolerance criterion of the frequency offset and the timing jitter for reliable CSS based communication systems using simulation results.
Production and characterization of uricase from Streptomyces exfoliatus UR10 isolated from farm wastes (2013)

Uricase plays an important role in nitrogen metabolism and can be used medically as a diagnostic reagent. From soil, wastewater, and poultry waste samples collected in Jeddah, 49 bacterial isolates were obtained on either nutrient agar or starch nitrate agar. All the obtained isolates were screened on minimal medium containing 0.5% uric acid for uricase production. The most active bacterium (isolate UR10) produced about 0.5 U/mL of intracellular uricase and was identified as a species belonging to the genus Streptomyces using morphological, physiological, and biochemical characters. By 16S rDNA, it was identified as Streptomyces exfoliatus UR10. Maximum uricase production was obtained using medium 2 with 0.2% uric acid as an inducer, an initial pH of 6.5, and an incubation temperature of 37 °C at 100 rpm. At the end of the incubation period, the cells were collected and disturbed, and the uricase enzyme was precipitated by ammonium sulfate. The enzyme was purified using different column chromatography methods, and the molecular weight of the purified uricase was determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. The optimum temperature for maximum uricase activity was 45 °C; the optimum pH was 8. Co^{2+}, Ni^{2+}, Zn^{2+}, Cu^{2+}, and Pb^{2+} decreased the enzyme activity, whereas Ca^{2+}, Mn^{2+}, Mg^{2+}, and Fe^{2+} stimulated it. In conclusion, uricase was produced by Streptomyces in a medium containing uric acid as inducer, and this enzyme can be used to detect and quantify uric acid in urine and/or blood.
Absorption spectrum (380–700 nm) of pure water II Integrating cavity measurements (1997)

Definitive data on the absorption spectrum of pure water from 380 to 700 nm have been obtained with an integrating cavity technique. The results are in good agreement with those recently obtained by our group with a completely independent photothermal technique. As before, we find that the absorption in the blue is significantly lower than had previously been generally believed and that the absorption minimum is at a significantly shorter wavelength, i.e., 0.0044 ? 0.0006 m(-1) at 418 nm. Several spectroscopic features have been identified in the visible spectrum to our knowledge for the first time.
Antibiotic use after cefuroxime prophylaxis in hip and knee joint replacement (1991)

The amount of additional antibiotics measured by defined daily dose (DDD) methods after 2651 hip and 362 knee replacements was assessed after prophylaxis with one or three doses (1502/1511 patients) of cefuroxime. No differences were observed between the two regimens with respect to total amount, type, indication, and duration of additional antibiotics. The incidence of joint sepsis did not differ significantly between the two trial arms, but the sample was too small for definite conclusions. There were 11.4 DDD/100 bed days of additional antibiotics used in 21% of patients after hip replacement and 15.7 DDD/100 bed days in 31% after knee replacement. For wound problems, 3.8 and 6.9 DDD/100 bed days were given in the hip- and knee-replacement groups. For distant infection, 6.5 DDD/100 bed days was administered in both groups. Duration of therapy varied only in relation to indication. Prescribed were penicillins (43% to 50%), sulfonamides (18%), cephalosporins (10% to 16%), and nitrofurantoin (8% to 13%); drug use was related to the type of infection.
Cellular Controlled Short-Range Communication for Cooperative P2P Networking (2009)

This article advocates a novel communication architecture and associated collaborative framework for future wireless communication systems. In contrast to the dominating cellular architecture and the upcoming peer-to-peer architecture, the new approach envisions a cellular controlled short-range communication network among cooperating mobile and wireless devices. The role of the mobile device will change, from being an agnostic entity in respect to the surrounding world to a cognitive device. This cognitive device is capable of being aware of the neighboring devices as well as on the possibility to establish cooperation with them. The novel architecture together with several possible cooperative strategies will bring clear benefits for the network and service providers, mobile device manufacturers and also end users.
On the collision of rods in a quiescent fluid (2020)

Rods settling under gravity in a quiescent fluid can overcome the bottleneck associated with aggregation of equal-size spheres because they collide by virtue of their orientation-dependent settling velocity. We find the corresponding collision kernel [Formula: see text], where l, A, and [Formula: see text] are the rods' length, aspect ratio (length divided by width), and volume, respectively, [Formula: see text] is the density difference between rods and fluid, μ is the fluid's dynamic viscosity, g is the gravitational acceleration, and [Formula: see text] is a geometrical parameter. We apply this formula to marine snow formation following a phytoplankton bloom. Over a broad range of aspect ratios, the formula predicts a similar or higher encounter rate between rods as compared to the encounter rate between (equal volume) spheres aggregating either by differential settling or due to turbulence. Since many phytoplankton species are elongated, these results suggest that collisions induced by the orientation-dependent settling velocity can contribute significantly to marine snow formation, and that marine snow composed of elongated phytoplankton cells can form at high rates also in the absence of turbulence.
Galectins: A Personal Overview (1997)

Galectins, the large and growing class of β-galactosidebinding proteins that are the subject of this special issue, were discovered in the context of prior studies of soluble lectins in plant seeds and in cellular slime molds. In this paper I will describe how the early work on galectins evolved from these antecedents as well as from an interest in the mechanism of neuronal recognition; and I will share a few personal reminiscences.
Taming Technical Bias in Machine Learning Pipelines (2020)

Machine Learning (ML) is commonly used to automate decisions in domains as varied as credit and lending, medical diagnosis, and hiring. These decisions are consequential, imploring us to carefully balance the benefits of efficiency with the potential risks. Much of the conversation about the risks centers around bias — a term that is used by the technical community ever more frequently but that is still poorly understood. In this paper we focus on technical bias — a type of bias that has so far received limited attention and that the data engineering community is well-equipped to address. We discuss dimensions of technical bias that can arise through the ML lifecycle, particularly when it’s due to preprocessing decisions or post-deployment issues. We present results of our recent work, and discuss future research directions. Our over-all goal is to support the development of systems that expose the knobs of responsibility to data scientists, allowing them to detect instances of technical bias and to mitigate it when possible.
Mathematical modelling of the vacuum arc remelting process (2003)

In the mathematical model of the VAR process developed at Nancy, the coupled transport equations are solved in transient conditions, using an evolutive mesh for the ingot. The turbulent flow of the liquid metal is described by a k-<i>ε<i/> method. The main physical phenomena included in the model are: latent heat dissipation, solute partitioning at solidification and liquid flow in the mushy zone. The model allows to represent the entire cycle of melting and electromagnetic stirring, and to relate directly the operational parameters to the metallurgical quality of the product. After validation, it has been implemented in a simulation software for an industrial sequence of triple VAR remelting. This software is currently used in industry.
Use of natural gums as green corrosion inhibitors: an overview (2015)

Corrosion of metals and its alloys employed in service is an inescapable but a controllable process. One of the practical methods for controlling the impact of corrosion of metals and alloys especially in aqueous environments is by using corrosion inhibitors which are composed mainly of organic or inorganic substances. However, the toxicity of organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors to the environment and humans has compelled the search for safer corrosion inhibitors called ‘green corrosion’ inhibitor due to their properties like non-toxicity, biodegradability, and low cost. The use of natural gums as environmentally safe corrosion inhibitor for metal and alloys has in recent times received tremendous attention by several researchers. Also quantitative structure activity relationship approach has been used to establish the correlations between a number of quantum chemical parameters and the molecular structures of some gum extracts major components. This approach has aided in understanding the component of the gum extracts responsible for imparting the inhibition effect since there are several components of the gum which could act in synergy to inhibit the metal corrosion. This review paper presents an overview of works published on natural gums as green corrosion inhibitors. It also discusses the use of computational chemistry tools in understanding the inhibition mechanism of gum extracts components which is often difficult to determine using experimental means.
Von Neumann's Minimax Theorem for Continuous Quantum Games (2020)

The concept of a classical player, corresponding to a classical random variable, is extended to include quantum random variables in the form of self adjoint operators on infinite dimensional Hilbert space. A quantum version of Von Neumann's Minimax theorem for infinite dimensional (or continuous) games is proved.
The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumours (1997)

This paper presents the conclusions of a workshop entitled ‘Impact of Molecular Genetics on the Classification of Renal Cell Tumours’, which was held in Heidelberg in October 1996. The focus on ‘renal cell tumours’ excludes any discussion of Wilms' tumour and its variants, or of tumours metastatic to the kidneys. The proposed classification subdivides renal cell tumours into benign and malignant parenchymal neoplasms and, where possible, limits each subcategory to the most commonly documented genetic abnormalities. Benign tumours are subclassified into metanephric adenoma and adenofibroma, papillary renal cell adenoma, and renal oncocytoma. Malignant tumours are subclassified into common or conventional renal cell carcinoma; papillary renal cell carcinoma; chromophobe renal cell carcinoma; collecting duct carcinoma, with medullary carcinoma of the kidney; and renal cell carcinoma, unclassified. This classification is based on current genetic knowledge, correlates with recognizable histological findings, and is applicable to routine diagnostic practice. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
F2 Laser Resist with Fluorinated Polymers. (2002)

Fluorinated organic compounds are applied as F2 laser resists due to their high transparency at 157nm. The relationship between numbers/positions of fluorine atoms in a repeating unit of the fluorinated polymers and their physical/chemical properties (solubility parameter and hydrophilicity) for F2 laser resist is discussed. Fluorine at suitable position improves hydrophilicity without lowering the solubility parameter.We propose a novel polymer suitable for F2 excimer laser resists consisting of the polymer with fluorine atoms connecting to proper positions.