gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Thermodynamic Study of Liquid Cu-Cr Alloys and Metastable Liquid Immiscibility (2000)

he thermodynamic acitivity of chromium in liquid Cu-Cr alloys is measured in the temperature range from 1473 to 1873 K using the solid state cell: Pt, W, Cr + Cr2O3 |(Y2O3) ThO2|Cu - Cr + Cr2O3, Pt The activity of copper and the Gibbs energy of mixing of the liquid alloy are derived. Activities exhibit large positive deviations from Raoult's law. The mixing properties can be represented by a pseudo-subregular solution model in which the excess entropy has the same type of functional dependence on composition as the enthalpy of mixing: ΔGE = XCr(1 - XCr)[60880 - 18750 XCr)-- T(16.25 - 7.55 XCr)]J mol-1 Pure liquid Cu and Cr are taken as the reference states. The results predict a liquid-liquid metastable miscibility gap, with TC = 1787 (±3) K and XCr = 0.436 (±0.02), lying below the liquidus. The results obtained in this study are in general agreement with experimental information reported in the literature, but provide further refinement of the thermodynamic parameters.
Down-regulation of candidate tumor suppressor genes within chromosome band 13q14.3 is independent of the DNA methylation pattern in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (2002)

Loss of genomic material from chromosomal band 13q14.3 is the most common genetic imbalance in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and mantle cell lymphoma, pointing to the involvement of this region in a tumor suppressor mechanism. From the minimally deleted region, 3 candidate genes have been isolated, RFP2, BCMS, and BCMSUN. DNA sequence analyses have failed to detect small mutations in any of these genes, suggesting a different pathomechanism, most likely haploinsufficiency. We, therefore, tested B-CLL patients for epigenetic aberrations by measuring expression of genes from 13q14.3 and methylation of their promotor region. RB1, CLLD7, KPNA3, CLLD6, and RFP2 were down-regulated in B-CLL patients as compared with B cells of healthy donors, with RFP2 showing the most pronounced loss of expression. To test whether this loss of gene expression is associated with methylation of CpG islands in the respective promotor regions, we performed methylation-sensitive quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses and bisulfite sequencing on DNA from B-CLL patients. No difference in the methylation patterns could be detected in any CpG island of the minimally deleted region. Down-regulation of genes within chromosomal band 13q14.3 in B-CLL is in line with the concept of haploinsufficiency, but this tumor-specific phenomenon is not associated with DNA methylation.
The N-Terminal, Polybasic Region of PrPC Dictates the Efficiency of Prion Propagation by Binding to PrPSc (2012)

Prion propagation involves a templating reaction in which the infectious form of the prion protein (PrP(Sc)) binds to the cellular form (PrP(C)), generating additional molecules of PrP(Sc). While several regions of the PrP(C) molecule have been suggested to play a role in PrP(Sc) formation based on in vitro studies, the contribution of these regions in vivo is unclear. Here, we report that mice expressing PrP deleted for a short, polybasic region at the N terminus (residues 23-31) display a dramatically reduced susceptibility to prion infection and accumulate greatly reduced levels of PrP(Sc). These results, in combination with biochemical data, demonstrate that residues 23-31 represent a critical site on PrP(C) that binds to PrP(Sc) and is essential for efficient prion propagation. It may be possible to specifically target this region for treatment of prion diseases as well as other neurodegenerative disorders due to β-sheet-rich oligomers that bind to PrP(C).
Programming systems and languages (1964)

Twenty years ago, in 1943, there were no Electronic computers. Ten years ago, in 1953, a large number of Electronic calculators were in use, but the general purpose stored program electronic computer was still quite rare. The Coincident Current Magnetic Core memory which finally provided both reliability and speed at reasonable cost had only just been developed, and was still a laboratory device. A number of specially designed, mostly one of a kind, computers were in operation at Universities and government research centers. Commercially, a few Univac I computers had been delivered and were operating with great reliability at rather low speed. A few IBM 701's provided high speed but with very poor reliability. In 1953 most computing was being done by the Card-Programmed Calculator, an ingenious mating of an Electromechanical Accounting Machine with an Electronic Calculating Punch.
Landing gear integration in aircraft conceptual design (1996)

The design of the landing gear is one of the more fundamental aspects of aircraft design. The design and integration process encompasses numerous engineering disciplines, e.g., structure, weights, runway design, and economics, and has become extremely sophisticated in the last few decades. Although the design process is well-documented, no attempt has been made until now in the development of a design methodology that can be used within an automated environment. As a result, the process remains to be a key responsibility for the configuration designer and is largely experience-based and graphically-oriented. However, as industry and government try to incorporate multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) methods in the conceptual design phase, the need for a more systematic procedure has become apparent. The development of an MDO-capable design methodology as described in this work is focused on providing the conceptual designer with tools to help automate the disciplinary analyses, i.e., geometry, kinematics, flotation, and weight. Documented design procedures and analyses were examined to determine their applicability, and to ensure compliance with current practices and regulations. Using the latest information as obtained from industry during initial industry survey, the analyses were in terms modified and expanded to accommodate the design criteria associated with the advanced large subsonic transports. Algorithms were then developed based on the updated analysis procedures to be incorporated into existing MDO codes.
P350The stem cells in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of II diabetic rats have an impaired angiogenic function (2014)

Purpose: Stem cell therapy is a promising therapeutic option for treating ischemic events. The proangiogenic effects of transplanted stem/progenitor cells are critical for their capacity to contribute to significant functional improvement. However, it has been shown that diabetes affects several cell populations that have been suggested to promote neovascularization, as circulating endothelial and bone marrow derived progenitor cells, limiting their therapeutic potential. The impact of diabetes on adipose derived stem cells (ASCs) remains unclear. Therefore, in the present study we explored in depth the functional consequences of diabetes on the angiogenic potential of ASCs.

Methods: ASCs were isolated and cultured from subcutaneous adipose tissue of Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats (ASCsZDF) and their non-diabetic controls (ASCsZLC). ASCs phenotype was evaluated by flow cytometry and real time PCR. To assess the proangiogenic activity of ASCs, the in vitro and in vivo ability to form new vessels was investigated by endothelial cell differentiation (ECD), in vivo matrigel plug angiogenesis (iMPA) assay and hindlimb ischemia (HLI) murine model. Their paracrine effects on human microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1) migration were evaluated by in vitro wound healing assay carried out in a confluent ASCs and HMEC-1 coculture system.

Results: The angiogenic potential of ASCsZDF was significantly reduced over that of ASCsZLC. ECD was significantly impaired and the ability to develop capillary-like networks in vitro was reduced in ASCsZDF (p=0.01). Wound healing assay showed that ASCsZLC induced the polarized migration of HMEC-1, whereas in cocultures with ASCsZDF HMEC-1 displayed a greatly reduced migration. Consistently, ASCsZDF showed an impaired capacity to stimulate newly formed microvessels in vivo. The iMPA-ASCsZLC-neovessels had significantly higher content of haemoglobin than iMPA-controls without cells (p-value=0.0239) that had similar content than iMPA- ASCsZDF-neovessels. Consistently, a higher level of von Willebrand factor was evident in the neovascularized-plugs of the iMPA-ASCsZLC. In the HLI murine model, ASCsZDF showed a reduced ability to induce new capillaries formation.

Conclusions: The present study reveals by in vitro and in vivo models that diabetes induces an impaired angiogenic potential on the stem cells repository maintains in their subcutaneous fat storage. Diabetic ASCs have a limited capacity to improve neovascularization in autologous stem cells therapy.
Numerical and experimental uniaxial loading on in-plane auxetic honeycombs (2000)

Auxetic honeycombs show in-plane negative Poisson's ratio properties; they expand in all directions when pulled in only one, and contract when compressed. This characteristic is due to the reentrant shape of the honeycomb unit cell. The cell convoluteness gives a geometric stiffening effect that affects the linear elastic properties of the whole cellular solid. In this paper finite element simulations are carried out to calculate the in-plane Poisson's ratio and Young's moduli of re-entrant cell honeycombs for different geometric layout combinations (side cell aspect ratio, relative thickness and internal cell angle) subjected to uniaxial loading. The results show a high sensitivity of the mechanical properties for particular ranges of the geometric cell parameters. An image data detection technique is used to extract displacements and strains from an aramid paper re-entrant honeycomb sample in a tensile test. The comparison between numerical and experimental results shows good agreement.
Ozonated Graphene Oxide Film as a Proton‐Exchange Membrane (2014)

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) contains several chemical functional groups that are attached to the graphite basal plane and can be manipulated to tailor GO for specific applications. It is now revealed that the reaction of GO with ozone results in a high level of oxidation, which leads to significantly improved ionic (protonic) conductivity of the GO. Freestanding ozonated GO films were synthesized and used as efficient polymer electrolyte fuel cell membranes. The increase in protonic conductivity of the ozonated GO originates from enhanced proton hopping, which is due to the higher content of oxygenated functional groups in the basal planes and edges of ozonated GO as well as the morphology changes in GO that are caused by ozonation. The results of this study demonstrate that the modification of dispersed GO presents a powerful opportunity for optimizing a nanoscale material for proton‐exchange membranes.
Toon Town: DO Cartoon Crossovers Merit Fair Use Protection? (1997)

Berkeley Breathed launched a new weekly cartoon known as Outland.'One of the starring characters was Mortimer Mouse, a " moth-eaten mouse with [a] 5 o'clock shadow . . .droopy red drawers . . .clutching what looks like a martini . . .smoking a cigarette [and] definitely . . . in need of a shave." 2 Mortimer, an obviously disreputable-looking lampoon of Mickey Mouse, is the name Walt Disney originally intended for the rodent star.' Upon reading the strip, Walt Disney Company chairman Michael Eisner sent Breathed a letter asking him to drop the Mortimer character.4 Breathed, however, refused the request.'Disney, known for its vociferous attacks on copyright infringers, allegedly threatened the cartoonist with a lawsuit.' Breathed, never one to shy away from criticism, incorporated the lawsuit into the strip itself by having the character Opus the penguin declare, "As the Walt Disney Co. is threatening to sue us over the unauthorized use of Mickey Mouse, we thought we might . . .er . .set things straight."7 The episode then goes on to depict the Mortimer Mouse story, where a
Medical Image Description in Content-Based Image Retrieval (2005)

Medical image description is an important problem in content-based medical image retrieval. Hierarchical medical image semantic features description model is proposed according to the main sources to get semantic features currently. Based on it, medical image description model combining low-level features and semantic features is proposed. Experimental results show that additional text taking as part of semantic features improves the image retrieval precision and recall.
Optically addressed spatial light modulators by MBE-grown nipi MQW structures (1989)

Promising approaches for achieving optically addressed spatial light modulators (O-SLMs) are investigated based on combining nipi and multiple quantum well structures. Theoretical aspects of photooptic effects achievable in such structures are treated. Test structures are grown by molecular beam epitaxy using two material systems, (In,Ga)As/GaAs and (Al,Ga)As/GaAs. Experiments show large optically controlled modulation of the absorption coefficient in the quantum well layers ( approximately 10(4) cm(-1)), a log power dependence on the control signal, millisecond and shorter time response, and generally predictable behavior. The results are encouraging for several different O-SLM device structures proposed.
Site-specific immobilisation of gold nanoparticles on a porous monolith surface by using a thiol–yne click photopatterning approach (2012)

A monolith surface with alkyne functionality was reacted with cysteamine through radical-mediated thiol-yne addition reaction providing a hydrophilic and chelating interface. Photochemical initiation affords spatial control over the reaction site and further site-specific immobilisation of gold nanoparticles.
Commercial scale slurry bubble column reactor optimization (2008)

An in-depth numerical study has been carried out to investigate a high-pressure commercial scale (2-8 meter diameter) slurry bubble column reactor (SBCR). Typical superficial gas velocities are in the range of 0.5-3 m/s, and overall vapor hold-ups are in the range of 0.45-0.85. The study revealed that steady compartmental reaction models do not match plant data when reaction time constants are very fast. Also, off-the-shelf commercial CFD codes do not produce useful information about a reactive column of this scale and aeration without tuning to reconcile with vapor hold-up and reactant operating data "anchors" from in-plant units. Important measures include both transient and time-averaged profiles, integrals, and extrema of vapor hold-up and reactants. The present study proposes reactor designs that improve productivity and product quality.
Sifting the evidence---what's wrong with significance tests? Another comment on the role of statistical methods (2001)

The findings of medical research are often met with considerable scepticism, even when they have apparently come from studies with sound methodologies that have been subjected to appropriate statistical analysis. This is perhaps particularly the case with respect to epidemiological findings that suggest that some aspect of everyday life is bad for people. Indeed, one recent popular history, the medical journalist James Le Fanu's The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine , went so far as to suggest that the solution to medicine's ills would be the closure of all departments of epidemiology.1

One contributory factor is that the medical literature shows a strong tendency to accentuate the positive; positive outcomes are more likely to be reported than null results.2–4 By this means alone a host of purely chance findings will be published, as by conventional reasoning examining 20 associations will produce one result that is “significant at P=0.05” by chance alone. If only positive findings are published then they may be mistakenly considered to be of importance rather than being the necessary chance results produced by the application of criteria for meaningfulness based on statistical significance. As many studies contain long questionnaires collecting information on hundreds of variables, and measure a wide range of potential outcomes, several false positive findings are virtually guaranteed. The high volume and often contradictory nature5 of medical research findings, however, is not only because of publication bias. A more fundamental problem is the widespread misunderstanding of the nature of statistical significance.

#### Summary points

P values, or significance levels, measure the strength of the evidence against the null hypothesis; the smaller the P value, the stronger the evidence against the null hypothesis

An arbitrary division of results, into “significant” or “non-significant” according to the P value, was not the intention of the …
Rectal Absorption of Lamotrigine Compressed Tablets (2000)

LTG suspension prepared from LTG compressed tablets is absorbed rectally, although not to the same extent or rate as when given orally.
Nonlinear thermoelectric properties of layered cobalt oxides (2007)

We synthesized whisker-crystal and thin-film samples of the layered cobalt oxide (Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> )xCoO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> well known as a candidate of a thermoelectric material, and measured their resistivity, voltage-current characteristics and magnetoresistance with pulsed currents. Resistivity of the whisker sample with a small current density of 2 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> increases with decreasing temperature below 100 K, suggesting development of a pseudogap on the density of states. This increase is suppressed by a large current density of 110 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The nonlinear voltage-current characteristics are observed both for the whisker and thin-film samples. The negative magnetoresistance of the thin-film sample is suppressed by current density. These suggest that the density of states recovers owing to the suppression of the pseudogap by applying large current density.
The Enhanced Service Manager: A service management system for next-generation networks (2002)

In this paper, we describe a service management product, the Enhanced Service Manager (eSM), that provides not only fast service development and easy maintenance but also performance, reliability, and Web-enabled provisioning. Competition is fierce in the business world, especially in telecommunications. Being first to offer a service is typically a key decision-making factor for service providers in selecting an operations support system product to manage their services. Furthermore, we have seen the operations network landscape evolving from switch-based to intelligent network-oriented services and from circuit-based to more data-oriented networks. This paper illustrates how open architecture elements such as Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> ), Extensible Markup Language (XML), and Java <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> /JavaServer Pages <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> (JSP <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">∗</sup> ) technology have been woven with off-the-shelf components into a product designed to meet current business needs. We discuss our architectural approach as well as a future direction.
Unsupervised Extractive Text Summarization with Distance-Augmented Sentence Graphs (2021)

Supervised summarization has made significant improvements in recent years by leveraging cutting-edge deep learning technologies. However, the true success of supervised methods relies on the availability of large quantity of human-generated summaries of documents, which is highly costly and difficult to obtain in general. This paper proposes an unsupervised approach to extractive text summarization, which uses an automatically constructed sentence graph from each document to select salient sentences for summarization based on both the similarities and relative distances in the neighborhood of each sentences. We further generalize our approach from single-document summarization to a multi-document setting, by aggregating document-level graphs via proximity-based cross-document edges. In our experiments on benchmark datasets, the proposed approach achieved competitive or better results than previous state-of-the-art unsupervised extractive summarization methods in both single-document and multi-document settings, and the performance is competitive to strong supervised baselines.
Heats of Adsorption of Linear and Bridged CO Species Adsorbed on a 3% Ag/Al2O3 Catalyst Using in situ FTIR Spectroscopy under Adsorption Equilibrium (2007)

International audience
Technical Advance Analysis of HER2 Gene Amplification Using an Automated Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Signal Enumeration System (2007)

human breast carcinomas, has prognostic and thera-peutic implications. Fluorescent in situ hybridization is one method currently used for assessing HER2 status, but fluorescent in situ hybridization involves the time-consuming step of manual signal enumer-ation. To address this issue, Vysis has developed an automated signal enumeration system, Vysis Au-toVysion. A multicenter, blinded study was con-ducted on 39 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded invasive breast carcinoma specimens, including 20 HER2 nonamplified and 19 HER2 amplified (weakly to highly amplified) , provided in duplicate to each study site for analysis. Calculation of the HER2/CEP17 ratio and the hands-on time of both manual and automated enumeration approaches were compared. Overall agreement of HER2 classi-fication results (positive and negative) was 92.5% (196 of 212). The Vysis AutoVysion System requires manual enumeration for cases with scanner results within the ratio range of 1.5 to 3.0. When the data in this range are excluded, the agreement between manual and scanner results is 98.8 % (169 of 171). The average Vysis AutoVysion System hands-on time per slide was 4.59 versus 7.47 minutes for manual signal enumeration (savings of 2.88 min-utes/slide). These data suggest that the Vysis AutoVys-ion System can correctly classify specimens and may increase the overall efficiency ofHER2 testing. (J Mol
Thermo–Photo Catalysis for Methanol Synthesis from Syngas (2019)

It is well-known that the synthesis of methanol from syngas is based on thermal catalysis (TC). However, in this work, light was introduced into the thermal catalytic process, creating a novel thermo–photo catalysis (TPC) for methanol production from syngas over a Cu/Zn/Al catalyst. It was demonstrated that the yield of methanol from the TPC process was 2.8 times that from the TC process at a catalyst temperature of 350 °C. Unlike the general recognition that the catalytic performance is mainly dependent on the temperature of the catalyst surface, TPC is also greatly influenced by the reactant temperature. The yield of methanol was enhanced 3.3 times by increasing the reactant temperature from 93 to 260 °C at a constant catalyst-surface temperature of 350 °C. Furthermore, although Cu+ is the active site for thermal catalysis, Cu++ plays an important role in thermo–photo catalysis. This work provides insights into the synergistic effect of thermal energy and photoenergy in thermo–photo catalytic syngas conversion.