gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Different Drought Legacies of Rain-Fed and Irrigated Croplands in a Typical Russian Agricultural Region (2020)

Droughts are one of the primary natural disasters that affect agricultural economies, as well as the fire hazards of territories. Monitoring and researching droughts is of great importance for agricultural disaster prevention and reduction. The research significance of investigating the hysteresis of agricultural to meteorological droughts is to provide an important reference for agricultural drought monitoring and early warnings. Remote sensing drought monitoring indices can be employed for rapid and accurate drought monitoring at regional scales. In this paper, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) vegetation indices and the surface temperature product are used as the data sources. Calculating the temperature vegetation drought index (TVDI) and constructing a comprehensive drought disaster index (CDDI) based on the crop growth period allowed drought conditions and spatiotemporal evolution patterns in the Volgograd region in 2010 and 2012 to be effectively monitored. The causes of the drought were then analyzed based on the sensitivity of a drought to meteorological factors in rain-fed and irrigated lands. Finally, the lag time of agricultural to meteorological droughts and the hysteresis in different growth periods were analyzed using statistical analyses. The research shows that (1) the main drought patterns in 2010 were spring droughts from April to May and summer droughts from June to August, and the primary drought patterns in 2012 were spring droughts from April to June, with an affected area that reached 3.33% during the growth period; (2) local drought conditions are dominated by the average surface temperature factor. Rain-fed lands are sensitive to the temperature and are therefore prone to summer droughts. Irrigated lands are more sensitive to water shortages in the spring and less sensitive to extremely high temperature conditions; (3) there is a certain lag between meteorological and agricultural droughts during the different growth stages. The strongest lag relationship was found in the planting stage and the weakest one was found in the dormancy stage. Therefore, the meteorological drought index in the growth period has a better predictive ability for agricultural droughts during the appropriately selected growth stages.
DasPy 1.0 – the Open Source Multivariate Land Data Assimilation Framework in combination with the Community Land Model 4.5 (2015)

Abstract. Data assimilation has become a popular method to integrate observations from multiple sources with land surface models to improve predictions of the water and energy cycles of the soil-vegetation-atmosphere continuum. Multivariate data assimilation refers to the simultaneous assimilation of observation data from multiple model state variables into a simulation model. In recent years, several land data assimilation systems have been developed in different research agencies. Because of the software availability or adaptability, these systems are not easy to apply for the purpose of multivariate land data assimilation research. We developed an open source multivariate land data assimilation framework (DasPy) which is implemented using the Python script language mixed with the C++ and Fortran programming languages. LETKF (Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter) is implemented as the main data assimilation algorithm, and uncertainties in the data assimilation can be introduced by perturbed atmospheric forcing data, and represented by perturbed soil and vegetation parameters and model initial conditions. The Community Land Model (CLM) was integrated as the model operator. The implementation allows also parameter estimation (soil properties and/or leaf area index) on the basis of the joint state and parameter estimation approach. The Community Microwave Emission Modelling platform (CMEM), COsmic-ray Soil Moisture Interaction Code (COSMIC) and the Two-Source Formulation (TSF) were integrated as observation operators for the assimilation of L-band passive microwave, cosmic-ray soil moisture probe and land surface temperature measurements, respectively. DasPy has been evaluated in several assimilation studies of neutron count intensity (soil moisture), L-band brightness temperature and land surface temperature. DasPy is parallelized using the hybrid Message Passing Interface and Open Multi-Processing techniques. All the input and output data flows are organized efficiently using the commonly used NetCDF file format. Online 1-D and 2-D visualization of data assimilation results is also implemented to facilitate the post simulation analysis. In summary, DasPy is a ready to use open source parallel multivariate land data assimilation framework.
The Relationship Between Critical Thinking Skills and Perceived Self-Efficacy in Associate Degree Nursing Students (2001)

The purpose of this descriptive, correlational study was to determine if a relationship exists between critical thinking skills and self-efficacy in Associate Degree nursing students. A convenience sample of 30 nursing students in their second year of an Associate Degree RN program was used. The framework for this study utilized Bandura's social cognitive theory and Benner's nursing theory of skill acquisition and development. Critical thinking skills were measured by the California Critical Thinking Skills Test. Self-efficacy was measured by the Generalized Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale. Demographic data of age, gender, marital status, number of dependents, employment status, and income were obtained to determine if there were any relationships or differences related to critical thinking or selfefficacy. A positive correlation was found between critical thinking skills and perceived self-efficacy (r =.40, p = .03). A replication of this study with a larger sample would be recommended. A longitudinal study might indicate changes that occur as the student progresses in the learning process with regard to critical thinking skills and self-efficacy.
Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in patients affected by Hodgkin′s lymphoma (2004)

A dysregulation of the redox homoeostasis has been reported in various neoplastic disorders. Malondialdehyde/4-hydroxy-2,3-nonenal (MDA/HNE) and protein carbonyl groups represent in vivo indexes of lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation, respectively, suitable to investigate radical-mediated physio-pathological conditions. We evaluated MDA/HNE and protein carbonyl groups in sera of untreated Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) patients in advanced disease stages, in order to quantify the oxidative stress. HL patients displayed significantly higher levels of both MDA/HNE and protein carbonyl groups as compared with healthy controls. This is the first evidence that a strong increase in HL is one of the most common haematological malignancies, representing approximately 30% of all lymphomas in the circulating protein carbonyl content in HL. These findings may contribute to a better definition of the redox homoeostasis dysregulation in HL.
Automatic identification of cardiac activations in the multi-channel intracardiac ECGs (2006)

A novel algorithm is presented in this paper, which can precisely identify the cardiac activations (e.g., A, V, H waves) in the multi-channel intracardiac electrogram (IECG) signals. The aim of this work is to achieve an automatic analysis during the electrophysiological (EP) study. It saves an amount of the time for the physicians compared with manual work, especially for the long-duration diagnosis or operation. The development of the algorithm complies with the various stimulation protocols in the EP lab. The effective digital signal processing techniques and the proper application of the relationship between the surface ECG (SECG) and intracardiac ECG enable the algorithm to achieve the satisfied sensitivity. Finally, 11 patients&apos; data including more than 6000 meaningful cardiac activations are randomly collected from an EP (electrophysiology) lab to evaluate the algorithm. A comparison is made between the manual annotation of the physicians and the result of the algorithm. The sensitivity of the V, A, H wave detection reaches 98.99%, 96.64%, and 97.31% respectively. (4 pages)
Automatic image classification in intravascular optical coherence tomography images (2016)

Vulnerable plaque detection to identify plaque is important in coronary heart disease diagnosis. Currently, it is conducted through manual reading of intravascular optical coherence tomography (IVOCT) images by an interventional cardiologist. However, human reading and understanding is highly subjective. An objective and automated assessment of plaque status is highly needed. This paper proposes a method for automatic image classification in IVOCT images based on different lesion types. In the proposed method, we first use detail-preserving anisotropic diffusion to remove speckle noise in IVOCT images. It removes the noise without losing details. Then, the IVOCT images are transformed to polar coordinates for feature extraction. In particular, Fisher vector and other texture features including local binary pattern and histogram of oriented gradients are studied. Finally, a support vector machine classifier is obtained to classify the IVOCT images into five groups: Normal (normal), FP (fibrous plaque), FA (fibroatheroma), PR (plaque rupture), and FC (fibrocalcific plaque). These five groups are obtained according to lesion characteristics. We evaluate the proposed method in a dataset of 1,000 images with five groups. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves an average accuracy of 90% in image classification. The proposed automatic IVOCT image classification method can be used to save time and cost of cardiologist.
Bronchial Reactivity in Experimental Infections with Influenza Virus (1982)

In an attempt to develop an objective, quantitative test to assess the reactogenicity of candidates for attenuated influenza virus vaccines, the clinical responses and bronchial reactivity to methacholine were assessed in 36 normal volunteers lacking antibody to both hemagglutinin and neuraminidase (doubly seronegative) who were inoculated with either wild-type or temperature-sensitive attenuated influenza A (H1N1) virus by intranasal droplets. Five of six volunteers infected with wild-type virus developed systemic and/or febrile illness that lasted for a mean of five days. Nineteen of 30 persons who received attenuated virus developed infection without febrile or systemic illness. In the six recipients of wild-type virus, bronchial reactivity appeared to increase after inoculation and persist for four weeks. This trend was not observed in infected or noninfected vaccinees. Analysis of variance provided suggestive (but not significant) evidence that the different trends in bronchial reactivity manifested by the wild-type virus and vaccine groups were distinct (P = 0.075).
Analysis and Verification of Jitter in Bang-Bang Clock and Data Recovery Circuit With a Second-Order Loop Filter (2019)

This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the third-order bang-bang clock and data recovery (BBCDR) circuit, which accurately predicts its operating characteristics, namely, the jitter transfer function (JTF), the jitter tolerance (JTOL), and the jitter generation (JGEN). By formulating the time-domain waveforms, we introduce a characterizing method and also derive the closed-form equations and their simplified versions under specific conditions, which are related with the second-order loop filter (LF). Our framework is consistent with the conclusions of the prior works. Also, we discuss through the time-domain behavior, the sinking area of the JTOL and other specific phenomenon appearing in the third-order BBCDR loop. We verify all above prediction by system-level simulations with the MATLAB/simulink model.
[The genotype of the principal Mycobacterium bovis in Argentina is also that of the British Isles: did bovine tuberculosis come from Great Britain?]. (2002)

Bovine tuberculosis is a highly prevalent animal disease in Argentina. In this work evidence was obtained showing that a major Mycobacterium bovis group in Argentina had been introduced with the bovine bulls imported from the United Kingdom at the end of the XIX century. This evidence came from two sources: historical, obtained by bibliographical references, and from laboratory results, using a molecular typing method called spoligotyping. These strains are also present in other countries that introduced cattle from the same origin.
Is there a role for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infection? (1994)

Because the efficacy of currently approved antiretroviral agents used as prolonged monotherapy is limited, there is an urgent need for alternative agents for the treatment of HIV infection. We review the development of a diverse group of new compounds, the non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), which are potent and specific inhibitors of HIV replication. Early clinical experience with the NNRTIs has demonstrated antiviral activity and a high therapeutic index, but some patients rapidly develop viral strains resistant to these drugs. The contributions of NNRTI studies to the basic science of HIV pathogenesis and the potential clinical role of these compounds, particularly in combination antiretroviral regimens, are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of an Anodic Electrocatalyst: RuO2/TiO2 on Titanium. (1984)

Abstract Die u.a. für Cl‐ und Chlorat‐Zellen sowie Meerwasser‐Elektrolyse vorgesehenen Katalysatoren wurden bez. optimaler Daten für RuO 2 ‐Molenbruch im Überzug, Wärmebehandlung bei der Herstellung (Zeit und Temp.), Dicke des Überzugs usw untersucht (Messungen in NaCl‐Lösungen).
Characterization of a fast gas analyzer based on Raman scattering for the analysis of synthesis gas (2010)

A sensor system for fast analysis of synthesis gas (mixtures of CO and H(2)) is proposed and characterized. The system is based on spontaneous Raman scattering, which enables simultaneous concentration measurements of all relevant species. For typical synthesis gas applications, this system has to face large variations of temperature and pressure. In addition, strong fluctuations in mixture composition may occur, which lead to rather inconvenient signal intensities. In this paper, we describe a low resolution spectrometer designed to function as a synthesis gas sensor and characterize pressure and temperature effects on concentration measurements. In addition, the use of different spectral ranges and calibration strategies is investigated in view of measurement accuracy and precision.
Indirect two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Phosphorus-31 and iron-57 spectra of organoiron complexes (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIndirect two-dimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy. Phosphorus-31 and iron-57 spectra of organoiron complexesReinhard. Benn, Herbert. Brenneke, Albert. Frings, Herbert. Lehmkuhl, Gerlinde. Mehler, Anna. Rufinska, and Thomas. WildtCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5661–5668Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of SLC transporters in toxicity induced by anticancer drugs (2020)

. Studies performed over the last few decades have highlighted the important role of basolateral uptake and apical efflux transporters in the pathophysiology of drug-induced organ damage. Increased understanding of the mechanisms that govern the accumulation of cytotoxic drugs has provided insights into the development of novel strategies to prevent debilitating toxicities. Furthermore, we argue that current regulatory guidelines provide inadequate recommendations for <i>in vitro</i> studies to identify substrates or inhibitors of drug transporters. Therefore, the translational and predictive power of FDA-approved drugs as modulators of transport function remains ambiguous and warrants further revision of the current guidelines.
Parametric definition for the CGH patterns and error analysis in interferometric measurements (2012)

Computer-generated holograms are often used to test aspheric surfaces. This paper provides a parametric model for the CGH phase function using the exact geometric model. The phase function is then used to derive the sensitivity functions to alignment errors in testing. When using the CGH to test aspheric surface, it is important to separate the diffraction orders and only allow the desired order to pass the system. This paper also provides a recipe for determining the amount of carriers needed to eliminate the ghost images.
<title>RET-compliant cell generation for sub-130-nm processes</title> (2002)

The use of Resolution Enhancement Technologies (RET) is becoming mainstream for sub-wavelength lithography processes. Optical tools will not likely meet the process requirements for sub-130nm designs on their own. Different RET are being explored and in some cases, heavily used in order to improve the process window of sub-wavelength imaging. Model-based OPC, sub-resolution assist feature and phase shift masks are some of the most common RET Methods used to achieve production-worthy imaging. Every RET has its own limitations and advantages for every specific one. Some designs will not be able to be subjected to a specific RET because the layout is not friendly to it. Manual redesign of such layouts becomes intractable for very complex design with multiple cell attractive from the process integration point of view. By analysis standard cell libraries from an RET compliance attractive from the process integration point of view. By analysis standard cell libraries from an RET compliance perspective, it is possible to envision a methodology that can find the most RET-friendly design while maintaining the functional specification of every cell. This investigation focuses on sub-resolution assist features, alternating phase shift masks and double dipole. For most common RET approaches, minimum spacing, placement, width and feature geometry can be extracted from the RET compliance analysis. Later, a set of enhanced design rules that incorporate RET specific constraints is used to re-derive the optimal feature arrangement within the cells, until the cell meets the level of RET compliance defined by the user. Eventually, the process can be extended to ful layout compliance when all the interactions between individual cells is accounted for, and modified accordingly. The advantage of having RET compliant cell sis that during lace and route, the use can concentrate on optimizing global placement parameters instead of focusing on each individual cell. The final results will depend on the user requirements and acceptable parameters of ear, power, manufacturability, etc. This a general flow that is able to generate cells that meet electrical and manufacturing specifications and it is flexible enough to accommodate every existing RET.
Effect of ZnO Film Thicknesses on the Adhesive Strength of Electroless Cu Deposits (1999)

Abstract The effect of ZnO film thickness on the adhesive strength of electroless Cu deposited on ZnO-coated glass substrates was examined. An increase of adhesive strength of the Cu deposits with increasing ZnO film thickness was observed. Excellent adhesion was obtained on ZnO films thicker than 0.6 μm, which is considered to be associated with the formation of rougher, more porous structures. XPS data combined with SEM and AFM measurements showed that in addition to the surface area effect, the mechanical anchoring effect caused by Cu depositing deeply within the ZnO film may also play an important role in obtaining the excellent adhesion of the Cu deposits on thicker ZnO films.
Electronic-Nanophotonic Integration (2009)

Nanophotonic integration of III-V on silicon based on top-down coupling is presented. Light can be coupled up for amplification/absorption or coupled down for passive processing. Interlayer wafer bonding for this integration is described.
Enhancement of OLED Efficiencies and High-Voltage Stabilities of Light-Emitting Materials by Deuteration (2007)

Deuterated aluminum 8-hydroxyquinoline (D-Alq3) and bis(2-methyl-8-quinolinolato)(2,6-dimethylphenolato)aluminum(III) (D-Q2AlOAr) were prepared and their electroluminescence devices were fabricated. It was found that deuterium replacement has resulted in a ∼280% increase in the external quantum efficiency at 500 mA/cm2 in the case of Alq3 and ∼270% increase at 150 mA/cm2 in the case of Q2AlOAr device. The deuterated devices have lower turn-on voltages and lower deterioration rates in the electroluminescence (EL) brightness, as compared to the corresponding protonated devices. Deuteration also leads to a better high-voltage stability in D-Alq3 but not in D-Q2AlOAr.
Calibration methodology for a microwave non-invasive glucose sensor. (2008)

Non-invasive measuring techniques for determining biological parameters are more heavily researched with the growth of the biomedical industry. One of the top areas in non-invasive research deals with diabetes. This disease affects more than 20 million people in the United States, and there is an increasing desire to find a testing process that is non-invasive, easy to use, and safe for users. Microwave technology has improved greatly during recent years and is now seen more often in conjunction with biomedical research. Microwaves are capable of taking measurements of materials inside of a closed volume without the need to come into contact with the material. This makes them ideal for measuring biological parameters, specifically glucose concentrations in the blood. This thesis expands on the development of a microwave sensor to non-invasively measure blood glucose levels and will examine the possibility of developing a calibration for a device using the microwave sensor.
Background for Formulation of West-to-East Gas Transmission Strategy (2001)

The West-to-East gas transmission project,that has become the focus of attention in China, used to be under the process of repeated deliberations and consultations. It is well known that China became a net oil importer in 1993. The economically developed coastal regions have suffered a serious shortage of energy supply in the recent years while the environmental situation has become increasingly deteriorating across the country. Against this background, some experts called for energetic development of China's natural gas industry and proposed to boost the annual natural gas production to 100billion cubic meters, equivalent to 100 million tons of crude oil. This initiative has drawn quick and strong response from the relative governmental departments.