gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Reinforcement Learning with Inaccurate Feedback (2020)

Interactive Reinforcement Learning (RL) enables agents to learn from two sources: rewards taken from observations of the environment, and feedback or advice from a secondary critic source, such as human teachers or sensor feedback. The addition of information from a critic during the learning process allows the agents to learn more quickly than non-interactive RL. There are many methods that allow policy feedback or advice to be combined with RL. However, critics can often give imperfect information. In this work, we introduce a framework for characterizing Interactive RL methods with imperfect teachers and propose an algorithm, Revision Estimation from Partially Incorrect Resources (REPaIR), which can estimate corrections to imperfect feedback over time. We run experiments both in simulations and demonstrate performance on a physical robot, and find that when baseline algorithms do not have prior information on the exact quality of a feedback source, using REPaIR matches or improves the expected performance of these algorithms.
Humidity Insensitive Conductometric Sensors for Ammonia Sensing (2014)

Interest in molecular materials has been driven in large part by their various and prosperous applications, especially in the domain of organic electronics, where they offer many advantages as well as alternative approaches compared to their inorganic counterparts. Most of conductometric transducers are resistors [[ and transistors [[[ , but rarely diodes [6] . In our laboratory, we designed and characterized new molecular material based devices. Molecular Semiconductor Doped Insulator (MSDI) heterojunctions were built around a heterojunction between a Molecular Semiconductor (MS) and a Doped Insulator (DI) [7][8] . This new device exhibits interesting electronic properties that allow ammonia sensing in a large humidity range at room temperature.
Pathological features of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) 3 MRI lesions in biopsy and radical prostatectomy specimens (2021)

PI-RADS 3 lesions exhibited aggressive features in almost 40% of cases. PSAD and presence of csPCa on TB are independent predictive factors for high-grade and/or extraprostatic disease. A combination of SB and TB improve grade prediction compared to use of TB alone.
Phantom-less bone mineral density (BMD) measurement using dual energy computed tomography-based 3-material decomposition (2016)

Osteoporosis is a degenerative bone disease usually diagnosed at the manifestation of fragility fractures, which severely endanger the health of especially the elderly. To ensure timely therapeutic countermeasures, noninvasive and widely applicable diagnostic methods are required. Currently the primary quantifiable indicator for bone stability, bone mineral density (BMD), is obtained either by DEXA (Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) or qCT (quantitative CT). Both have respective advantages and disadvantages, with DEXA being considered as gold standard. For timely diagnosis of osteoporosis, another CT-based method is presented. A Dual Energy CT reconstruction workflow is being developed to evaluate BMD by evaluating lumbar spine (L1-L4) DE-CT images. The workflow is ROI-based and automated for practical use. A dual energy 3-material decomposition algorithm is used to differentiate bone from soft tissue and fat attenuation. The algorithm uses material attenuation coefficients on different beam energy levels. The bone fraction of the three different tissues is used to calculate the amount of hydroxylapatite in the trabecular bone of the corpus vertebrae inside a predefined ROI. Calibrations have been performed to obtain volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) without having to add a calibration phantom or to use special scan protocols or hardware. Accuracy and precision are dependent on image noise and comparable to qCT images. Clinical indications are in accordance with the DEXA gold standard. The decomposition-based workflow shows bone degradation effects normally not visible on standard CT images which would induce errors in normal qCT results.
Resistance to cefotaxime and peptidoglycan composition in Enterococcus faecalis are influenced by exogenous sodium chloride (1998)

The influence of NaCl on the susceptibility of Enterococcus faecalis to cefotaxime was tested with JH2-2, a laboratory strain, and 20 clinical strains grown on tryptic soy agar supplemented with 5% horse blood. Growth with 3% NaCl in the medium resulted in an increase in cefotaxime resistance and the appearance of a heterogeneous resistance phenotype: for the majority of the strains, the MICs of cefotaxime increased from 4 to 512 micrograms ml-1. By a competition assay using cefotaxime and [3H]benzylpenicillin, it was shown for strain JH2-2 that at the MIC penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 2 and PBP3 were the apparent essential PBPs in medium without NaCl, whilst the low-affinity PBPs 4 and 1 were the apparent essential PBPs for cell growth in medium containing 3% NaCl. Analysis of JH2-2 peptidoglycan by HPLC and MS after growth in the presence of 3% NaCl showed a relative increase in unsubstituted monomers and a relative decrease in alanine- and dialanine-substituted monomers. It is therefore hypothesized that modification of the number of alanine-substituted precursors in the presence of NaCl could interfere with the functions of the different PBPs and thus play a role in cefotaxime resistance in E. faecalis.
Optical properties of amorphous thin films of MoO3 deposited by vacuum evaporation (1988)

The absorption spectra of MoO3 amorphous thin films in the thickness range from 50 to 350 nm are studied as a function of thickness in the temperature range from 20 to 275°C. The validity of the Urbach rule is investigated and the related parameters are estimated. It is confirmed that absorption in these layers is due to non-direct transitions. A decrease in optical energy gap with annealing is reported. The analysis of optical absorption edge as a function of temperature is discussed with particular reference to amorphous molybdenum trioxide films. The decrease in the optical energy gap with increasing substrate temperature is reported and discussed in terms of current theory. Les absorption spectrales des couches minces de MoO3 avec leurs épaisseurs entre 50 et 350 nm étaient étudiées comme fonction de l'épaisseur. Pour les températures entre 20 et 275 °C, la validité de la règle d'Urbach était étudiée et les paramètres étaient calculés. On confirme que l'absorption optique dans les couches minces est contrǒlée par les transitions électroniques nondirectes dans l'espace k. Une décroissance du bandgap optique avec le traitement thermique est observée. L'analyse de la limite d'absorption comme fonction de la température est discutée avec le MoO3 comme exemple. La décroissance du bandgap optique avec l'élévation de la température est considerée avec l'emploi de la théorie récente.
Nucleophilic aromatic substitution by organoaluminum reagents. Application to the synthesis of indoles (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleophilic aromatic substitution by organoaluminum reagents. Application to the synthesis of indolesJunya Fujiwara, Yoshimi Fukutani, Hiromi Sano, Keiji Maruoka, and Hisashi YamamotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 24, 7177–7179Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00362a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00362a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dynamics of a Light Driven Molecular Motor (2002)

Molecular motors play key roles in areas ranging from biological transport to emerging nanotechnology. They produce current as a result of transfer of energy but not of momentum from a source; many molecular motor scenarios are based on the translational Brownian ratchet mechanism. Here we consider the mechanism of photoalignment of liquid crystals by a photosensitive alignment layer. We show that the photoalignment is due to an orientational ratchet mechanism, where the azo-dye molecules, functionalized into a polymer alignment layer, when irradiated by polarized light act as the rotors of Brownian motors which reorient the bulk liquid crystal against an elastic restoring torque. Results of this photoalignment experiment can be obtained directly from a remote experiment set up at the Liquid Crystal Institute, via the WWW. In addition to experimental results, we present a detailed Fokker-Planck description of this system. We discuss the implementation and the results of numerical simulations, and compare these with the experimentally observed dynamics.
Oral treponeme major surface protein: Sequence diversity and distributions within periodontal niches (2017)

Treponema denticola and other species (phylotypes) of oral spirochetes are widely considered to play important etiological roles in periodontitis and other oral infections. The major surface protein (Msp) of T. denticola is directly implicated in several pathological mechanisms. Here, we have analyzed msp sequence diversity across 68 strains of oral phylogroup 1 and 2 treponemes; including reference strains of T. denticola, Treponema putidum, Treponema medium, 'Treponema vincentii', and 'Treponema sinensis'. All encoded Msp proteins contained highly conserved, taxon-specific signal peptides, and shared a predicted 'three-domain' structure. A clone-based strategy employing 'msp-specific' polymerase chain reaction primers was used to analyze msp gene sequence diversity present in subgingival plaque samples collected from a group of individuals with chronic periodontitis (n=10), vs periodontitis-free controls (n=10). We obtained 626 clinical msp gene sequences, which were assigned to 21 distinct 'clinical msp genotypes' (95% sequence identity cut-off). The most frequently detected clinical msp genotype corresponded to T. denticola ATCC 35405<sup>T</sup> , but this was not correlated to disease status. UniFrac and libshuff analysis revealed that individuals with periodontitis and periodontitis-free controls harbored significantly different communities of treponeme clinical msp genotypes (P<.001). Patients with periodontitis had higher levels of clinical msp genotype diversity than periodontitis-free controls (Mann-Whitney U-test, P<.05). The relative proportions of 'T. vincentii' clinical msp genotypes were significantly higher in the control group than in the periodontitis group (P=.018). In conclusion, our data clearly show that both healthy and diseased individuals commonly harbor a wide diversity of Treponema clinical msp genotypes within their subgingival niches.
Reclassification of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei ATCC 393 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 15820 as Lactobacillus zeae nom. rev., Designation of ATCC 334 as the Neotype of L. casei subsp. casei, and Rejection of the Name Lactobacillus paracasei (1996)

The type strain of Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei (ATCC 393) exhibits low levels of DNA homology with other strains of L. casei subsp. casei (8 to 46%) and strains of Lactobacillus paracasei (30 to 50%), but exhibits a level of DNA similarity of 80% with Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 15820, the original type strain of “Lactobacterium zeae” Kuznetsov 1959. Strains ATCC 393T (T = type strain) and ATCC 15820T are members of one protein profile cluster that is separate from the other Lactobacillus spp. The randomly amplified polymorphic DNA PCR profile of strain ATCC 393T is also different from the profiles obtained for the other species. L. casei ATCC 334T is genetically closely related to L. casei subsp. casei strains (71 to 97%) and L. paracasei strains (71 to 91%), is a member of the same protein profile cluster as these organisms, and shares several DNA amplicons with L. paracasei strains. On the basis of these results, we propose that L. casei subsp. casei ATCC 393T L. rhamnosus ATCC 15820 should be reclassified as members of Lactobacillus zeae nom. rev. (type strain, ATCC 15820), that strain ATCC 334 should be designated the neotype strain of L. casei subsp. casei, and that the name L. paracasei should be rejected.
Increased self-reported impulsivity in methamphetamine users maintaining drug abstinence (2016)

These findings suggest that methamphetamine users report more impulsivity when abstaining from drug use, an effect that is not significantly related to methamphetamine withdrawal. Attenuation of impulsivity may reinforce continued methamphetamine use in these individuals.
Analysis and measurement of carbon nanotube dispersions: nanodispersion versus macrodispersion (2010)

Abstract Because of their unique mechanical, optical, thermal and electrical properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form the basis for a wide variety of multifunctional devices and materials; many of these applications require that CNTs be dispersed and processed in liquids such as organic solvents, polymer melts or surfactant solutions. One of the most problematic issues affecting the CNT research community is the lack of standards and uniform characterization methods for CNT dispersion. A 2005 NASA‐NIST workshop aimed to address this issue and made a clear distinction between ‘nanodispersion’ of individual CNTs and ‘macrodispersion’ of CNT bundles. Unfortunately, this distinction has yet to percolate through the CNT dispersion literature. The present article seeks to elucidate and commend these concepts, identify the situations where this difference is most critical, note some scenarios where these concepts have been underutilized and posit experimental and computational characterization methods for quantifying the degree of nanodispersion. Particular attention is devoted to the controversial claims of complete nanodispersion and how such claims may be verified. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Implant Rehabilitation According to the Biologically Oriented Preparation Technique (BOPT): A Medium-Term Retrospective Study (2020)

Clinical records of patients who underwent implant-supported rehabilitation according to the biologically oriented preparation technique (BOPT) principles were retrospectively analyzed. Records of 189 nonconsecutive patients who received 502 implants were reviewed. At the last follow-up visit (occurring on average 5.11 years after prosthesis delivery), 466 (92.8%) implants had a Gingival Index of 0, and 491 (97.8%) presented no bleeding on probing. Four hundred eighty-nine crowns on as many implants (97.4%) showed no sign of gingival recession. Technical complications occurred with 10 implants (2.0%) and 6 patients (3.2%). Biologic complications were detected with 14 implants (2.8%) and 6 patients (3.2%). When the BOPT approach is applied to rehabilitate patients using implant-supported prostheses, excellent medium-term results concerning soft tissue health may be achieved.
Applicability of Ottawa knee rule for knee injury in children (2001)

In the pediatric population studied, the OKR did not identify all patients with knee fractures. Future studies may consider modifying the OKR to accommodate the differences between pediatric and adult patients to improve the sensitivity of the rule while maintaining its specificity, before it can be applied routinely in clinical practice.
Aspectos da padronização de testes sorológicos para a doença de Chagas: um teste imunoenzimático para a triagem de doadores de sangue (1991)

In the serological diagnosis of Chagas disease large divergences may be found even between laboratories with experience, as a consequence of different criteria for the standardization of the tests. To standardize a immunoenzymatic test developed primarily for screening blood donors, serum panels were carefully chosen so as to best represent chagasic and non-chagasic populations. Produced for the highest sensibility and stability, the new reagent (bioELISA cruzi, Biolab Diagnóstica S/A, Brasil), was tested in serum from 1648 patients 219 with Chagas disease and 104 with other diseases, plus a comparison with well standardized immunofluorescence and hemagglutination tests in 1325 sera. In the immunoenzymatic assays, the cut off was indicated by the absorbance value of a chagasic serum showing a minimal reactivity. ELISA sensibility was 0.9954 and specificity 0.9969, as co-negativity. False positive results were absent with sera from syphilis, toxoplasmosis, mononucleosis and high titered sera for antistreptolysin 0 antibodies. However they were seen in 5 to 15 cases of tegumentar leishmaniasis, 1 of 12 Kala-azar 1 of 15 rheumatoid arthritis and 1 of 12 systemic lupus erythematosus. The high sensibility in chagasics and high specificity in the general population indicate the confiability of the immunoenzymatic assay for screening blood donors and even to confirm a clinical diagnosis of Chagas' disease.
Selective Volume Rendering Using Global Shape Information (2000)

In this paper,we propose a novel technoque of improving volume rendering quality and speed by integrating volume data and global shape information together. The selective volume rendering method is to generate distance transformed volume using a distance transform to determine the minimum distance to the neaest intercsting part and then render it. The shape information prevents from object occlusions come from similar intensity of each object. Thus it provides effective visual results that enable to get a clear understanding of complex structures. We show the results of selective volume rendering method for left ventricle and right ventricle ans well as the results of selective sampling methods depending on the interpolation from EBCT cardiac images. Our method offers an accelerated technique to accurately visuahze the surfaces of devined objects segmented from the volume.
A ConservedcisPeptide Bond Is Necessary for the Activity of Bowman-Birk Inhibitor Protein (2002)

The Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) family of protease inhibitors has an inhibitory region comprising a disulfide-linked nine-residue loop that adopts the characteristic canonical motif found in many serine protease inhibitors. A unique feature of the BBI loop is the presence of a cis peptide bond at the edge of the inhibitory loop. BBI-related protein fragments that encapsulate this loop retain the structure and inhibitory activity of the parent protein. The most common BBI loop sequence has a proline-proline element with a cis-trans geometry at P3'-P4'. We have examined this element by analysis of the inhibitory activity and structure for a series of synthetic fragments where each of these proline residues has been systematically replaced with alanine. The results show that only when a proline is present at P3' are potent inhibition and a cis peptide bond at that position in the solution structure observed, suggesting that this conformation is required for biological activity. Though a P4' proline is not essential for activity, it effectively stabilizes the cis conformation at P3' by suppressing alternative conformations. This is most evident from the Pro-Ala variant, which comprises a 1:1 mixture of slowly exchanging and structurally different cis and trans isomers. Monitoring the action of trypsin on this mixture by NMR shows that this protease interacts selectively with the cis P3' structure, providing direct evidence for the link between activity and the nativelike structure of the cis isomer. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first example where cis isomer selectivity can be demonstrated for a proteinase.
Optimizing binary decision systems by manipulating transmission intervals (2003)

We study the optimization of a binary decision system where quantized (soft) decisions are transmitted across an additive white Gaussian noise channel. We adjust the bit transmission intervals to maximize the Chemoff distance at the output of the channel. At low channel signal-to-noise ratios (when the probability of a bit error is higher), we find unequal transmission intervals yield significant gains in terms of Chernoff distance and the information transfer ratio over the equal transmission case. This paper is a companion paper to [Johnson, D.H. and Rodriguez-Diaz, H., 2003] wherein the gains of unequal bit transmissions are studied in terms of minimum squared error.
Competition/antagonism associations of biofilm formation among Staphylococcus epidermidis Agr groups I, II, and III (2019)

Staphylococci have quorum-sensing (QS) systems that enable cell-to-cell communication, as well as the regulation of numerous colonization and virulence factors. The accessory gene regulator (Agr) operon is one of the Staphylococcus genus QS systems. Three groups (I, II, and III) are present in Staphylococcus epidermidis Agr operon. To date, it is unknown whether Agr groups can interact symbiotically during biofilm development. This study analyzed a symbiotic association among Agr groups during biofilm formation in clinical and commensal isolates. Different combinations among Agr group isolates was used to study biofilm formation in vitro and in vivo (using a mouse catheter-infection model). The analysis of Agr groups were also performed from samples of human skin (head, armpits, and nostrils). Different predominant coexistence was found within biofilms, suggesting symbiosis type. In vitro, Agr I had a competition with Agr II and Agr III. Agr II had a competition with Agr III, and Agr II was an antagonist to Agr I and III when the three strains were combined. In vivo, Agr II had a competition to Agr I, but Agr I and II were antagonists to Agr III. The associations found in vitro and in vivo were also found in different sites of the skin. Besides, other associations were observed: Agr III antagonized Agr I and II, and Agr III competed with Agr I and Agr II. These results suggest that, in S. epidermidis, a symbiotic association of competition and antagonism occurs among different Agr groups during biofilm formation.
TEMPO-Oxidized Nanocellulose Participating as Crosslinking Aid for Alginate-Based Sponges (2012)

Crosslinked polysaccharide sponges have been prepared by freeze-drying of amorphous alginate-oxidized nanocellulose in the presence of a Ca(2+) ionic crosslinking agent. The new carboxyl groups on the surface of nanocellulose induced by the chemical oxidization provided the possibility of participating in the construction of an alginate-based sponge's structure and played a fundamental role in the structural and mechanical stability of ensuing sponges. Furthermore, enhanced mechanical strength induced by oxidized cellulose nanocrystals and the formation of a semi-interpenetrating polymer network from oxidized microfibrillated cellulose were reported. Together with the facile and ionic crosslinking process, the ultrahigh porosity, promising water absorption and retention, as well as the improved compression strength of the crosslinked sponges should significantly extend the use of this soft material in diverse practical applications.