gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From Aluminum Foil to Two-Dimensional Nanocrystals Using Ultrasonic Exfoliation (2021)

Al nanostructures have unique optical properties such as widely tunable surface plasmon resonances from deep UV to NIR that can be used for label-free fluorescence enhancement and surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Various Al nanostructures have been fabricated using sophisticated “top-down” lithographic and “bottom-up” colloidal methods. Here, we developed a simple and efficient method of synthesizing two-dimensional (2D) aluminum (Al) nanocrystals from commercially available Al foil using ultrasonic exfoliation under ambient environment. 2D Al nanocrystals with sizes from a few hundred nanometers to several micrometers and thickness in the tens of nanometers were isolated through centrifugation separation. The exfoliated 2D Al nanocrystals are covered with a passivated Al2O3 nanolayer. The determined exfoliation mechanism is a combination of the preferred cleavage along the (111) surface planes and layer-by-layer Al2O3 exfoliation from the surface of the 2D Al nanocrystals. We demonstrate that the 2D Al nanocrystals can be assembled at water/air interface and transferred to different substrates to form 2D Al nanocrystal films. These 2D Al nanocrystal films exhibit surface plasmon resonance in the visible spectral range and show enhanced Raman signals of adenine using a 532 nm excitation. These 2D Al nanocrystal films could be further developed for new optical and sensing applications.
Down-Regulation of Tyrosinase Expression by Acetylsalicylic Acid in Murine B16 Melanoma (2008)

Acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin; ASA) is widely used as an analgesic/antipyretic drug. ASA exhibits a wide range of biological effects, including preventative effects against heart attack, stroke, and the development of some types of cancer. However, the effects of ASA on melanogenesis are not well known. Therefore, we investigated the effect of ASA on melanin production using B16 murine melanoma cells and demonstrated a new biological effect of ASA. In the presence of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), B16 melanoma cells are stimulated to enhance melanin synthesis. ASA (2 mM) inhibited alpha-MSH-enhanced melanin synthesis in melanoma more strongly than other well-known anti-melanogenic agents such as arbutin (2 mM) and kojic acid (200 microM). Interestingly, ASA did not inhibit the catalytic activity of mushroom tyrosinase (concentration range 0.5-4.0 mM). To clarify the target of ASA action in melanogenesis, we performed Western blotting for tyrosinase, which is a key melanogenic enzyme. ASA inhibited tyrosinase expression in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, the depigmenting effect of ASA might be due to inhibition of tyrosinase expression or enhancement of tyrosinase degradation. This study suggests that ASA is a candidate anti-melanogenic agent and it might be effective in hyperpigmentation disorders.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF CHLOROFORM ON THE RELATIVE STABILITIES OF THE DICHLOROBIS(PYRIDINE)COBALT AND DICHLOROTETRAKIS(PYRIDINE)COBALT COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION (1980)

Abstract Der Einfluß verschiedener Pyridin‐Chloroform‐Mischungen auf das Gleichgewicht der beiden Titelkomplexe wird spektrophotometrisch untersucht.
His-ventricular dissociation in a patient with reciprocating tachycardia and a nodoventricular bypass tract. (1981)

A patient with recurrent bouts of atrial fibrillation and wide-complex regular tachycardia underwent electrophysiologic studies. Premature atrial stimulation or atrial pacing during sinus rhythm resulted in gradual lengthening of the PR and AH intervals, narrowing of the HV interval and progressive preexcitation with a left bundle branch block and left-axis contour. Induction of tachycardia was dependent on critical delay in the atrioventricular interval and was associated with attainment of a maximal preexcitation pattern. During tachycardia, the ventriculoatrial interval was constant, whereas the interval from His bundle deflection to the ventricular complex was variable. We postulate that the tachycardia circuit involved reciprocation within the atrioventricular node and that a nodoventricular bypass tract was present in close anatomic or functional association with the slow atrioventricular nodal pathway. Our data suggest that both the nodoventricular bypass tract and the His-Purkinje system may be passive "bystanders" rather than essential components of the tachycardia circuit. In addition, although HV dissociation usually implies ventricular tachycardia, this case demonstrates that HV dissociation during wide-complex regular tachyarrhythmia is not diagnostic of ventricular tachycardia.
Emitter effects in shallow bipolar devices: Measurements and consequences (1980)

Measurements of minority-carrier lifetimes at silicon heavily doped with arsenic have been carried out using bipolar devices as vehicles. Auger and SRH mechanisms have been identified. Furthermore, bandgap-narrowing effects have been measured at the same material and found to be nearly as effective in n-type as in p-type material. Consequences of extreme miniaturization of bipolar devices concerning transistor performance, surface sensitivity and process control will be discussed based on the experimental results as well as on numerical calculations.
Remote sensing with optical-mechanical line scanners to detect stress in forests (1971)

Airborne multispectral remote sensing of forests, describing previsual detection of damage from insect infestations, disease organisms and oxidant air pollution
Developing and Testing a Model of Burnout at Work and Turnover Intensions among Doctors in Pakistan (2010)

This paper examines the impact of burnout at work (BO), work life balance (WLB), work life conflict (WLC) andjob satisfaction (JS) on turnover intensions (TOI) among doctors in Pakistan. The research team developed aconceptual model to test the hypothesized relationships between the variables. Simple random sampling methodwas used to distribute 300 questionnaires among MBBS qualified doctors working in the private and public sectorhospitals in major cities of Pakistan, such as Peshawar, Lahore, Rawalpindi and Islamabad. With a response rate of58.3%, 175 valid responses were received which comprised sample size of this study. The research team usedSPSS 15.0 and Amos 16.0 for data analysis and model testing. The study concludes that there is no significanteffect of burnout at work, work life balance and work life conflict on doctors’ turnover intentions. There is nosignificant affect of burnout at work on doctors’ work life balance whereas it has a significant effect on the worklife conflict and job satisfaction of doctors. Moreover, work life balance has no significant affect on jobsatisfaction of doctors whereas work life conflict does have a significant effect on job satisfaction of doctors.Lastly, job satisfaction has a significant effect on turnover intentions of doctors.
Pivalic Acid (2001)

[75-98-9] C5H10O2 (MW 102.15) InChI = 1S/C5H10O2/c1-5(2,3)4(6)7/h1-3H3,(H,6,7) InChIKey = IUGYQRQAERSCNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (hindered Brønsted acid) Alternate Names: 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid; trimethylacetic acid. Physical Data: mp 35.5 °C; bp 163.8 °C, 78 °C/20 mmHg, 72 °C/0.1 mmHg; pKa 5.04 (25 °C).1 Solubility: sol EtOH, ether, H2O (2.5 g 100 mL−1 at 25 °C).1 Form Supplied in: crystalline solid (needles). The sodium salt hydrate is also available. Preparative Methods: from the bromoform reaction on pinacolone or from t-butyl chloride, Magnesium, and Carbon Dioxide; recent improvements involve the reaction of t-BuCl, Lithium, and magnesium 2-ethoxyethoxide.14 Purification: fractionally distilled in vacuo; recrystallized from benzene.15 Handling, Storage, and Precautions: corrosive and can cause burns; it should be treated with the same precautions as Acetic Acid.
Theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antenna arrays (2016)

Some applications as Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) require compact and directive antennas. However, Electrically Small Antennas (ESAs) have low efficiencies and quasi-isotropic radiation patterns. Superdirective ESA arrays can be an interesting solution to cope with both constraints (the compactness and the directivity). In this paper, the theoretical and practical limits of superdirective antennas will be presented. These limits can be summarized by the directivity sensitivity toward the excitation coefficients changes and the radiation efficiency decrement as the inter-element decreases. The need for negative resistances is also a practical limit for transforming these arrays into parasitic ones. The necessary trade-offs between the antenna total dimensions (the number of elements and the inter-element distance) and the attainable directivity and efficiency are also analyzed throughout this paper.
Performance of Associative Polymers in the Presence of Low Tension Surfactants at Different Temperatures and Variable Salinity Conditions (2019)

Summary Associative polymers (AP) have been shown to develop similar or greater resistance at very low concentrations during polymer transport in comparison to non-associative polymers. This makes AP an attractive option for improved oil recovery at a lower cost. However, their performance dependence on salinity, temperature, concentration, compatibility and interaction with low tension surfactants for improved oil recovery has not been thoroughly understood. The goal of the current work is to study the interaction of these polymers with different surfactant structures and compare their performance with traditional HPAM/AMPS polymers in mobilizing capillary trapped residual oil. We evaluated both HPAM and sulfonated-HPAM based associative polymers with different associative contents in the presence of sulfate and sulfonate surfactants at both moderate and high temperatures with crude oils of different viscosities at high pH and neutral pH conditions. We first tested the effect of the polymers on surfactant - crude oil phase behavior to study the static compatibility and oil solubilization ratios as a function of salinity. Once satisfactory surfactant-crude oil phase behavior results were obtained in the presence of polymer, the next step was injection of single phase surfactant polymer solutions in the absence of oil to observe baseline resistance factors during the propagation of surfactant-polymer slug in the surrogate rock. Finally, we evaluated the performance of these associative polymers during the displacement of residual oil. We compared the recovery performance of the associative polymers with conventional polymers in terms of remaining oil saturation, oil bank propagation and pressure gradients during the surfactant-polymer flooding process. Results indicate that associative polymers are generally compatible with traditional low tension surfactants as seen from the phase behavior experiments and corefloods. The associative polymers are aqueous stable at optimal salinity and show no plugging in single phase injectivity experiments in Bentheimer sandstone. The associative polymers show comparable oil recovery to conventional HPAM and sulfonated HPAMs at a lower polymer dosage and appear to be good alternatives for field application. Based on the laboratory results, we demonstrate that associative polymers can be used with low-tension surfactants for EOR at lower concentrations.
1-[(E)-(3,4-Dimethylisoxazol-5-yl)iminomethyl]-2-naphthol (2010)

The title Schiff base compound, C(16)H(14)N(2)O(2), has been synthesized by the reaction of 5-amino-3,4-dimethyl-isoxazole and 2-hydr-oxy-1-naphthaldehyde. The dihedral angle between the isoxazole ring and the napthyl ring system is 3.29 (7)°. The mol-ecule adopts an E configuration about the central C=N double bond. Intra-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonding generates an S(6) ring motif. In the crystal structure, π-π inter-actions are observed involving the isoxazole ring and the substituted benzene ring of the naphthyl unit, with centroid-centroid distances of 3.5200 (10) Å.
Physical modeling of forward conduction in IGBTs and diodes (2005)

One of the main goals in the development of circuit-oriented physics-based models for power semiconductor devices is to make available to power electronics designers models that allow prediction of losses and switching waveforms for an arbitrary power converter application. Given the strong temperature dependence of device parameters and characteristics, a useful model must include a description of temperature and self-heating effects. A recently developed physics-based model for insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) and diodes has proven quite accurate for transient simulation under resistive and clamped inductive load conditions. In previous work the model validation has focused on diode reverse recovery and IGBT turn off with associated current tail over a wide temperature range. These phenomena are the greatest contributors to switching losses in power converters, so the proposed model has thus been proven capable of accurate switching loss predictions. Besides switching losses, the other significant contribution to semiconductor device losses is conduction loss. In this paper we investigate the behavior of diodes and IGBTs under forward conduction conditions over a wide temperature range between -125 and +125 /spl deg/C. Four different types of results are compared: experimental results, physics-based model results, finite clement simulation results, and analytical steady-state predictions to assess the accuracy of the physics-based model under forward conduction.
Combined Effect of Citrate and Fluoride Ions on Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles (2020)

Citrate and fluoride ions are two constituents of dental enamel hydroxyapatite (HA) nanocrystals. Their individual effect on HA crystallization has already been studied, and it was proven that both citrate and fluoride ions regulate HA crystal growth. However, the combined effect of citrate and fluoride ions on HA nanocrystals has never been reported so far. In this work, we have prepared citrate-fluoride-HA (citrate-FHA) nanoparticles in mild conditions, and we have studied the evolution of morphology and composition upon maturation. We have proven that even in the presence of citrate, fluoride ions are incorporated in the apatitic structure (replacing hydroxyl ions) and accelerate the crystallization process. Interestingly, citrate-FHA nanoparticles exhibit a flattened hexagonal rod-like morphology in contrast to the needle-like platelet morphology of citrate-HA. The density of citrate ions bound on the citrate-FHA surface is higher than that on citrate-HA. Moreover, the relative amount of unidentate citrate–Ca2+ adducts versus the ionic-like ones is higher for citrate-FHA than for citrate-HA. Our results provide a deeper understanding of the combined effect of citrate and fluoride ions on HA nanocrystals that can be used for the design of advanced biomaterials with tailored features, for a better comprehension of the enamel biomineralization process, and for the synthesis of enamel-like nanocrystals.
222 nm Deep-Ultraviolet AlGaN Quantum Well Light-Emitting Diode with Vertical Emission Properties (2010)

We demonstrated a 222 nm deep-ultraviolet (DUV) AlGaN multi-quantum well (MQW) light-emitting diode (LED) fabricated on a high-quality AlN buffer layer grown on a sapphire substrate, which is the shortest wavelength AlGaN LED ever reported. The maximum output power and the external quantum efficiency of the 222 nm AlGaN LED were 14 µW and 0.003%, respectively, under pulsed current injection. We also investigated the radiation angle dependence of a series of 222–253 nm AlGaN QW DUV LEDs, and demonstrated that vertical c-axis emission can be obtained even when the Al composition of the AlGaN QW is as high as 83%.
Problems with Shapley-value-based explanations as feature importance measures (2020)

Game-theoretic formulations of feature importance have become popular as a way to "explain" machine learning models. These methods define a cooperative game between the features of a model and distribute influence among these input elements using some form of the game's unique Shapley values. Justification for these methods rests on two pillars: their desirable mathematical properties, and their applicability to specific motivations for explanations. We show that mathematical problems arise when Shapley values are used for feature importance and that the solutions to mitigate these necessarily induce further complexity, such as the need for causal reasoning. We also draw on additional literature to argue that Shapley values do not provide explanations which suit human-centric goals of explainability.
An Effective and Efficient Similarity-Matrix-Based Algorithm for Clustering Big Mobile Social Data (2016)

Nowadays a great deal of attention is devoted to the issue of supporting big data analytics over big mobile social data. These data are generated by modern emerging social systems like Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and so forth. Mining big mobile social data has been of great interest, as analyzing such data is critical for a wide spectrum of big data applications (e.g., smart cities). Among several proposals, clustering is a well-known solution for extracting interesting and actionable knowledge from massive amounts of big mobile (geo-located) social data. Inspired by this main thesis, this paper proposes an effective and efficient similarity-matrix-based algorithm for clustering big mobile social data, called TourMiner, which is specifically targeted to clustering trips extracted from tweets, in order to mine most popular tours. The main characteristic of TourMiner consists in applying clustering over a well-suited similarity matrix computed on top of trips. A comprehensive experimental assessment and analysis over Twitter data finally comfirms the benefits coming from our proposal.
Management of the Superficial Esophageal Cancer of the Thoracic Esophagus as Related to Clinico-pathological Factors and Prognosis. (1994)

胸部食道表在癌切除例88例 (ep14, mm13, sm61) の臨床病理学的因子・遠隔成績を調査し, 表在癌の治療方針を検討した.ep癌は全例n (-) ・lyv (-) で, 術後再発なく5生率100%であった. mm癌の5生率は83.3%と良好であったが, mm3癌ではリンパ節転移例や再発例が存在した. sm癌の5生率は64.5%と不良であり, 粘膜下層への浸潤の程度や脈管侵襲の有無と関連する傾向を示したが, リンパ節転移の有無による生存率の差は認められなかった.また, 術後T字型照射+化学療法あるいは強力癌化学療法施行例が他の症例より生存率が良い傾向であった. sm癌再発8例のうちIm・sm2, 3の5例は頸部リンパ節の再発であった.以上から, ep～mm1, 2癌では非開胸食道抜去のみで十分根治性を得られるが, mm3～sm癌にはリンパ節郭清と術後の十分な合併治療が必要で, 特にsm2, 3でIuやImの症例には頸部リンパ節郭清も考慮すべきと考えられる.
Carbon dioxide activation by cobalt macrocycles: evidence of hydrogen bonding between bound CO2 and the macrocycle in solution (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon dioxide activation by cobalt macrocycles: evidence of hydrogen bonding between bound CO2 and the macrocycle in solutionEtsuko Fujita, Carol Creutz, Norman Sutin, and Bruce S. BrunschwigCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 12, 2657–2662Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00064a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00064a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1018Altmetric-Citations93LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Disease progression in a mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: the influence of chronic stress and corticosterone (2011)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron cell loss, muscular atrophy, and a shortened life span. Survival is highly variable, as some patients die within months, while others live for many years. Exposure to stress or the development of a nonoptimal stress response to disease might account for some of this variability. We show in the SOD1(G93A) mouse model of ALS that recurrent exposure to restraint stress led to an earlier onset of astrogliosis and microglial activation within the spinal cord, accelerated muscular weakness, and a significant decrease in median survival (105 vs. 122 d) when compared to nonstressed animals. Moreover, during normal disease course, ALS mice display a cacostatic stress response by developing an aberrant serum corticosterone circadian rhythm. Interestingly, we also found that higher corticosterone levels were significantly correlated with both an earlier onset of paralysis (males: r(2)=0.746; females: r(2)=0.707) and shorter survival times (males: r(2)=0.680; females: r(2)=0.552) in ALS mice. These results suggest that stress is capable of accelerating disease progression and that strategies that modulate glucocorticoid metabolism might be a viable treatment approach for ALS.
Spontaneous and induced differentiation of human melanoma cells (1993)

Malignant melanoma cells can differentiate spontaneously in vivo and in vitro into cells with a finite lifespan. Analysis of differentiating cells from primary melanomas in culture revealed a flat, fibroblast-like morphology and expression of the fibroblast-associated marker leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Differentiation was also observed in a minor sub-population of permanent cell lines derived from metastatic lesions. An experimental model of melanoma cell differentiation was then developed, using the pyrimidine analog bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR). BUdR-treated cells had a flat morphology, were contact-inhibited, had up to 20-fold increased surface area, expressed LAP, no longer proliferated anchorage-independently in soft agar, and 3 out of 4 cell lines were non-tumorigenic in athymic nude mice. Our results show that models of differentiation of melanoma cells can be established that help to define pathways of differentiation.