gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transistor-Loaded Nonmagnetic Nonreciprocal Metasurfaces (2021)

&lt;p&gt;Reciprocal metasurfaces represent prominent compact structures for bidirectional and frequency-invariant transformation of electromagnetic waves. However, their application to modern wireless communication are limited due to their reciprocal response and lack of a controllable, versatile and programmable mechanism. On the other hand, nonreciprocal metasurfaces are capable of steering electromagnetic waves unidirectionally, leading to functionalities that are far beyond the capabilities of conventional static metasurfaces. In addition, they are controllable and programmable through their active constituents. This paper provides an overview on recent progress and opportunities offered by transistor-loaded metasurfaces to break reciprocity, and discusses their potential for low-energy, compact, and integrated nonreciprocal devices and systems. &lt;/p&gt;
Luminescent Electrochromic Devices for Smart Windows of Energy-Efficient Buildings (2018)

To address the challenges of the next generation of smart windows for energy-efficient buildings, new electrochromic devices (ECDs) are introduced. These include indium molybdenum oxide (IMO), a conducting oxide transparent in the near-infrared (NIR) region, and a NIR-emitting electrolyte. The novel electrolytes are based on a sol-gel-derived di-urethane cross-linked siloxane-based host structure, including short chains of poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL(530) (where 530 represents the average molecular weight in g mol−1). This hybrid framework was doped with a combination of either, lithium triflate (LiTrif) and erbium triflate (ErTrif3), or LiTrif and bisaquatris (thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) erbium (III) ([Er(tta)3(H2O)2]). The ECD@LiTrif-[Er(tta)3(H2O)2] device presents a typical Er3+ NIR emission around 1550 nm. The figures of merit of these devices are high cycling stability, good reversibility, and unusually high coloration efficiency (CE = ΔOD/ΔQ, where Q is the inserted/de-inserted charge density). CE values of −8824/+6569 cm2 C−1 and −8243/+5200 cm2 C−1 were achieved at 555 nm on the 400th cycle, for ECD@LiTrif-ErTrif3 and ECD@LiTrif-[Er(tta)3(H2O)2], respectively.
Touch-sensitive interactive projection system (2014)

In this paper, we present a vision-based humancomputer interaction system merely consisting of a projector and a single camera, which is no longer limited to traditional displaying but allowing users to touch on any projected surfaces for interaction. The challenge of bare-hand touch detection in projector-camera system is to recover the depth from user's fingertip to projector with monocular vision. A novel approach is proposed to detect touch action through locally feature from accelerated segment test (FAST) matching between captured image and projected image. By comparing the hamming distance of these features with binary robust invariant scalable keypoint (BRISK), the 3D information near fingertips is able to be probed like deciding if there is a finger touching on table surface. Extensive experiments about hand region segmentation and touch detection are presented to show the robust performance of our system.
Efficient Amidation and Esterification of Phosphoric Acid Using Cl3CCN/ Ph3P (2011)

E-mail: dojang@yonsei.ac.kr Received July 6, 2011, Accepted July 20, 2011Key Words : Amidation, Esterification, Phosphoramides, Phosphates, TrichloroacetonitrileIn organophosphorous chemistry, phosphoryl amides andesters are important due to their broad ranges of biologicalproperties and presence in bioactive molecules, such asnatural products, amino acid analogues, pharmacologicalagents, and synthetic precursors.
Graphene-based Antennas for Terahertz Systems: A Review (2017)

We review the use of graphene to develop reconfigurable, miniaturized, and efficient terahertz (THz) antennas and associated feeding networks, and attempt to identify current research trends and mid- and long-term challenges and prospects. We first discuss the state of the art in resonant, leaky-wave and reflectarray antennas, providing a critical assessment of their performance, limitations, and main challenges that remain to be addressed. Next, we examine different integrated feeding networks, including components such as switches, filters, and phase shifters, and we clarify the impact that graphene's intrinsic spatial dispersion may have in their performance. Our outlook clearly describes how graphene can bring exotic functionalities to all these devices, including quasi real-time reconfiguration capabilities and magnet-less non-reciprocal responses. Some exciting applications of THz antennas are then presented and discussed, including transceivers, biosensors, and first experimental realizations of detectors and modulators. We conclude by outlining our vision for the promising future of graphene-based THz antennas.
Near-Future Streaming Framework for 3D-TV Applications (2006)

This paper presents a layered framework for 3D-TV applications, combining multiview and depth-image based approaches in a scalable fashion. To solve the problem of missing data due to disocclusions, we add specific layers for coded occlusion data and the edge-mask information for high-quality 3D rendering of key objects in the scene. We show how the same framework can be extended towards FTV applications by jointly addressing simulcast and multicast transmission. By adopting a distributed delivery architecture, new interesting properties can be realized such as shared processing for the creation and streaming of virtual viewpoints.
Fully automated segmentation of long-axis MRI Strain-Encoded (SENC) images using active shape model (ASM) (2009)

Myocardial strain is an important measure used for assessing regional function, which could help in detecting myocardial infarction as well as following up with patients with heart diseases. MRI strain-encoding technique (SENC) produces strain values throughout the cardiac cycle. SENC has proved to be one of the few techniques that can quantify right ventricle (RV) regional function. However, SENC images suffer from low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper we present a fully automatic method to detect, segment, and track the myocardium throughout the cardiac cycle using prior knowledge of the shape of the 4-champers long-axis (LA) view. Our detection algorithm has a success rate of 91% (33/36 cases). The dice similarity coefficient was 0.81 plusmn 0.07 and 0.71 plusmn 0.15 for the left ventricle-septum (LV-SEP) and RV respectively, yielding a high correlation R ges 0.91 between strain values measured from automatic and manual segmentation.
Multiclass rate control mechanism for prioritisedvoice service in packet networks (1999)

A new multiclass rate control method for real-time voice traffic transmission in packet networks is proposed. The class for rate control is defined according to the requested voice quality. In the proposed control mechanism, a source coding rate is adjusted based on network feedback information and class type. It is shown that, using the proposed method, multiple voice qualities can be supported without voice quality degradation in traffic with low priority.
Seasonal changes in membrane structure and excitability in central neurons of goldfish ( Carassius auratus ) under constant environmental conditions (2022)

ABSTRACT Seasonal modifications in the structure of cellular membranes occur as an adaptive measure to withstand exposure to prolonged environmental change. Little is known about whether such changes may occur independently of external cues, such as photoperiod or temperature, or how they may impact the central nervous system (CNS). We compared membrane properties of central neurons isolated from the retina of goldfish ( Carassius auratus ), an organism well-adapted to extreme environmental change, during the summer and winter months. Goldfish were maintained in a facility under constant environmental conditions throughout the year. Analysis of whole-retina phospholipid composition using mass spectrometry-based lipidomics revealed a two-fold increase in phosphatidylethanolamine species during the winter, suggesting an increase in cell membrane fluidity. Atomic force microscopy was used to produce localized, nanoscale-force deformation of neuronal membranes. Measurement of Young’s modulus indicated increased membrane stiffness (or decreased elasticity) in neurons isolated during the winter. Voltage-clamp electrophysiology was used to assess physiological changes in neurons between seasons. Winter neurons displayed a hyperpolarized reversal potential ( V rev ) and a significantly lower input resistance ( R in ) compared to summer neurons. This was indicative of a decrease in membrane excitability during the winter. Subsequent measurement of intracellular Ca 2+ activity using Fura-2 microspectrofluorometry confirmed a reduction in action potential activity, including duration and action potential profile, in neurons isolated during the winter. These studies demonstrate chemical and biophysical changes that occur in central neurons of goldfish throughout the year without exposure to seasonal cues, and suggest a novel mechanism of seasonal regulation of CNS activity. SUMMARY STATEMENT Central neurons isolated from the retina of goldfish held under constant environmental conditions undergo seasonal changes in membrane structure and excitability.
The Adventitia: Essential Role in Pulmonary Vascular Remodeling (2010)

A rapidly emerging concept is that the vascular adventitia acts as a biological processing center for the retrieval, integration, storage, and release of key regulators of vessel wall function. It is the most complex compartment of the vessel wall and comprises a variety of cells including fibroblasts, immunomodulatory cells, resident progenitor cells, vasa vasorum endothelial cells, and adrenergic nerves. In response to vascular stress or injury, resident adventitial cells are often the first to be activated and reprogrammed to then influence tone and structure of the vessel wall. Experimental data indicate that the adventitial fibroblast, the most abundant cellular constituent of adventitia, is a critical regulator of vascular wall function. In response to vascular stresses such as overdistension, hypoxia, or infection, the adventitial fibroblast is activated and undergoes phenotypic changes that include proliferation, differentiation, and production of extracellular matrix proteins and adhesion molecules, release of reactive oxygen species, chemokines, cytokines, growth factors, and metalloproteinases that, collectively, affect medial smooth muscle cell tone and growth directly and that stimulate recruitment and retention of circulating inflammatory and progenitor cells to the vessel wall. Resident dendritic cells also participate in "sensing" vascular stress and actively communicate with fibroblasts and progenitor cells to simulate repair processes that involve expansion of the vasa vasorum, which acts as a conduit for further delivery of inflammatory/progenitor cells. This review presents the current evidence demonstrating that the adventitia acts as a key regulator of pulmonary vascular wall function and structure from the "outside in."
Blockage and Ray Tracing Propagation Model in 3GPP Specified Industrial Environment (2021)

The Fifth Generation (5G) of communication systems is expected to operate at sub-6GHz band and at Millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequencies. The 28GHz band and 60GHz band are two lucrative and potential bands for 5G, and are getting popular since they enable standalone private network for Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). In order to implement IIoT in practice, there is a clear need to understand the propagation characteristics in Indoor Factory (InF) environments that are characterized by high density of blockers. It is of utmost importance to ensure reliable and conclusive coverage for industry automation and IIoT. In order to address this challenge, our aim is to study and compare the performance of simplistic Line of Sight (LoS) based Blockage Model (BM) and a deterministic Ray Tracing (RT) model in a specific InF environment defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). This environment includes dense clutter of blockers and ceiling mounted Base Stations (BSs) operating at 3.5GHz, 28GHz and 60GHz frequency. We also study the impact of BS densification. Performance is measured using the received power level, Signal to Interference plus Noise Ratio (SINR), outage ratio, relative throughput gain among other Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Simulation results and related discussion provides insightful information about communication in indoor industrial environment under different circumstances.
White electroluminescent single‐polymer achieved by incorporating three polyfluorene blue arms into a star‐shaped orange core (2012)

Abstract A series of star‐like dopant/host single‐polymer systems with a D‐A type star‐shaped orange core and three blue polyfluorene arms were designed and synthesized. Through tuning the doping concentration of the orange core and thermal annealing treatment of white polymer light‐emitting diodes based on them, highly efficient white electroluminescence has been achieved. A typical single‐layer device (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca/Al) realized pure white emission with a luminous efficiency of 16.62 cd A −1 , an external quantum efficiency of 6.28% and CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.36) for S‐WP‐002TPB3 containing 0.02 mol % orange core. The high efficiency of the devices could be mainly attributed to the suppressed concentration quenching of the dopant units, more efficient energy transfer from polymer host to orange dopant and thermal annealing‐induced α‐phase polyfluorene (PF) self‐dopant in amorphous PF host. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Diagnosis of Henoch-Schönlein purpura by sonography and radionuclear scanning in a child presenting with bilateral acute scrotum. (2004)

Acute scrotum presenting as the only initial manifestation of Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is so unusual that the diagnosis can easily be missed. We report this condition in a 4-year-old boy admitted with bronchopneumonia. Bilateral painful scrotal swelling with ecchymosis occurred on the second day of hospitalization. Scrotal sonography was performed and a good blood supply was documented. Scrotal nuclear scanning was performed and was consistent with bilateral epididymoorchitis. Multiple purpuric lesions over the lower extremities and perineal region developed on the third day of hospitalization. Intermittent abdominal pain and knee pain developed thereafter. HSP was diagnosed and steroids were prescribed. The symptoms subsided gradually and no complication was noted. This case reminds us that an acute scrotum may be the only initial manifestation of HSP. Sonography and nuclear scanning can help rule out other diseases.
New DRAM HCI qualification method emphasizing on repeated memory access (2010)

This paper proposes a new accelerated HCI reliability stress method specifically targeting DRAM components. The merit of this stress method is to provide the worst case design requirement of the data word access rate.
The Gnostic Illusion: Problematic Realized Eschatology in The Matrix Reloaded (2003)

While a Gnostic interpretation of The Matrix illuminates that film’s presentation of enlightenment and salvation, the sequel The Matrix Reloaded takes the inadequacy of the Gnostic worldview as one of its themes. The community of the enlightened is revealed to be in the thrall of dangerous illusions, and its saviour, who is effective only within the unreal world, lends paradoxical gravity to the discredited realm. The Zion community represents the failure of a realized eschatology to recognize binding relationships of dependence and to steer a sustainable middle way between the mental and the physical.
Comparison of theoretical and experimental form functions for a viscoelastic coated infinite shell (1988)

The experimentally observed backscattered farfield form functions (normal incidence) for a simulated infinite cylindrical shell coated with (a) closed-cell nitrile rubber and (b) corprene are compared with the theoretically derived form functions. The shell is 304 stainless steel with a radius ratio of 0.97 and a length greater than 8 ft so as to avoid end effects. Air is the inner fluid. The coatings have specific acoustic impedances less than water and the nitrile coating is highly attenuating. The experiment was conducted for an approximate ka range of 1.5–15. The viscoelastic constants for the coatings were determined from the experimentally measured Young's and plane-wave moduli. The experimental procedure for measuring the form function was validated by the excellent agreement of the observed form function with the theoretical form function for the shell only. Significant observations are that (1) these coatings increase the form functions relative to the shell at low ka values; (2) the coatings reduce or eliminate the resonances observed in the shell-only baseline; and (3) the nitrile-coated shell is an excellent simulation of an ideal pressure release cylinder. [Work supported by Office of Naval Research, Code 11250A.]
Significant lipid and neutrophil accumulation and active inflammasome in high BMI tumor regions of human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (2021)

438 Background: Obesity is an established risk factor for cancer and cancer-related mortality. Adipocytes may act as a “damage” signal resulting in the accumulation of innate immune cells, fueling an inflammatory micro-environment. Among the innate immune cells, tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) are confirmed to accumulate inside the tumor. As obesity is a significant risk factor for a poorer prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), we hypothesize that obesity-driven adipose fuels the progression of PDAC in a TAN and inflammasome-facilitated manner. This may happen through several mechanisms, including genomic instability of aggressive PDAC clonal populations. Methods: Tissue from resected tumors of PDAC patients (n = 44) with a body-mass index (BMI) &gt; 27 (obese [n = 21]) and BMI &lt; 22 (normal [n = 23]) were incubated with anti-human CD66b antibodies and detected using standard immunofluorescent microscopy techniques. Images were acquired in a Zeiss Axioplan microscope workstation and analyzed by ZEN and Metamorph software. Results: We identified the presence of adipocytes in all tissue sections and CD66b+ neutrophils in all tissue sections of normal BMI patients and in 81% of high BMI patients. There is a significantly greater density of adipocytes in the tumor environment when compared to adjacent normal areas, suggesting that these cells are acting as a damage signal. Our novel data also shows that high BMI results in a significantly higher neutrophil count in tumor specific tissue when compared to patients with a low BMI. These data suggest an association between BMI and inflammasome accumulation in the tumor environment. Conclusions: Our data uniquely shows that CD66b+ neutrophils tend to accumulate inside PDAC in high BMI patients and this is associated with intra-tumoral active inflammasomes. The higher concentrations of these inflammasomes in higher BMI patients may be of mechanistic relevance in understanding how inflammation induces progression of PDAC. A larger cohort of tissues from PDAC obtained from low and high BMI individuals will be needed to test our hypothesis and to begin to decipher the role of obesity on inflammation and PDAC progression.
Detection of House Dust Mite Allergens and Frequency of IgE Binding following Electroblotting and Enzyme Immunoassay (1985)

Mite allergens, fractionated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, were identified using 45 mite atopic sera and an enzyme immunostaining assay for IgE. More than 20 different mite components bound IgE and almost every serum showed a different pattern of binding. 7 of the 20 components were bound by half of the sera and 70% were bound by at least 20% of the sera. These results demonstrate a greater number of house dust mite allergens and a far greater diversity of the IgE antibody response to mite allergens than has previously been described.
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Dose-response, and Preclinical Safety Study of Transforaminal Epidural Etanercept for the Treatment of Sciatica (2009)

Epidural entanercept holds promise as a treatment for lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Davey's primer on trees and birds (1905)

Hello !look 'at little
Leaky Waveguide for Train-to-Wayside Communication-Based Train Control (2009)

In guided urban automated transportation systems, the maintenance of a high-quality broadband train-to-wayside communication at all locations along the track poses a major problem. Several techniques are currently used. However, to achieve sufficient rates, a communication frequency range of 2-6 GHz is widely in use. At these frequencies, the natural propagation in tunnels usually works efficiently, but the communication through a leaky waveguide that is continuously laid along the track has several advantages. Over the required communication ranges of several hundred meters, between stations, such waveguides provide low longitudinal attenuation and remain of reasonable size. They also provide predictable communication ranges that could offer significant advantages over the natural propagation approach. This paper will theoretically and experimentally describe such a technical solution. Using ray-optical modeling of the radio propagation in a railway-type tunnel, the radiation characteristics of such a system will be evaluated. At the same operating frequencies, it will be compared with a conventional base solution using antennas separated a few hundred meters apart. An example of a recently operational implemented system will be presented.
Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of Silica-Coated FePt Nanocrystals (2006)

Colloidal FePt nanocrystals, 6 nm in diameter, were synthesized and then coated with silica (SiO2) shells. The silica shell thickness could be varied from 10 to 25 nm. As-made FePt@SiO2 nanocrystals have low magnetocrystalline anisotropy due to a compositionally disordered FePt core. When films of FePt@SiO2 particles are annealed under hydrogen at 650 degrees C or above, the FePt core transforms to the compositionally ordered L1(0) phase, and superparamagnetic blocking temperatures exceeding room temperature are obtained. The SiO2 shell prevents FePt coalescence at annealing temperatures up to approximately 850 degrees C. Annealing under air or nitrogen does not induce the FePt phase transition. The silica shell limits magnetic dipole coupling between the FePt nanocrystals; however, low temperature (5 K) and room temperature magnetization scans show slightly constricted hysteresis loops with coercivities that decrease systematically with decreased shell thickness, possibly resulting from differences in magnetic dipole coupling between particles.
Ultrafast non-thermal laser excitation of gigahertz longitudinal and shear acoustic waves in spin-crossover molecular crystals [Fe(PM–AzA)2(NCS)2] (2017)

We report GHz longitudinal as well as shear acoustic phonon photoexcitation and photodetection using femtosecond laser pulses in a spin-crossover molecular crystal. From our experimental observation of time domain Brillouin scattering triggered by the photoexcitation of acoustic waves across the low-spin (LS) to high-spin (HS) thermal crossover, we reveal a link between the molecular spin state and photoexcitation of coherent GHz acoustic phonons. In particular, we experimentally evidence a non-thermal pathway for the laser excitation of GHz phonons. We also provide experimental insights into the optical and mechanical parameters evolving across the LS/HS spin crossover temperature range.