gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a system for design collaboration that supports interaction and information sharing (2009)

This thesis presents two empirical studies of four pairs of design students collaborating on two small products design sessions in both face-to-face and distributed settings while using computer-mediated communication (CMC) technologies and a Collaborative Virtual Environment (CVE). To gain insight about the way designers communicate and collaborate, the observation focused on how much time the students worked "together" and "individually" in the design process. Each design process was video recorded and analyzed with a video analysis software Observer XT. The first study shows that both teams worked together to arrive at a design concept then they divided the work for each person to work independently (either the 3D modeling task or the 2D graphic task) to produce the final design. Teams worked together less than fifty percent of the overall work time because they could not share design information effectively using the computing technology tools on the collaborative design process.&#13;\nFindings of the first study suggested plausible design criteria for communication tools for distributed collaboration that supports interaction and sharing design information. The second study used the same methodology and experimental procedures as those used in study. However, participants were provided a shared tool such as NetMeeting Whiteboard and Shared program that support shared sketching abilities or shared viewing of 3D objects. The study shows that teams spent more time working together when using programs that support shared sketching abilities or shared viewing of 3D objects. The shared program and the whiteboard function from NetMeeting helped the design teams to share more information. Participants commented that this program helped facilitate the collaborative process by enabling them each to perform multiple tasks such as talking with their teammates and observing 3D object in a shared view at the same time. Participants also reported that they found the distributed setting a more engaging environment to work with teammates because they were "forced to be engaged" and "forced to communicate better," and that they "concentrated more using hand gestures on camera."&#13;\nAlthough two studies showed that current CVE (Unreal) did not lead to effective collaboration, several potential features such as creating virtual mock-ups for the brainstorming within a virtual environment were introduced. Participants consider real time 3D visualization effective in the design process and thus very promising in the collaborative setting if they can share ideas easily within a 3D virtual environment.
Molecular definition of deletions of different segments of distal 5p that result in distinct phenotypic features. (1995)

Cri du chat syndrome (CDC) is a segmental aneusomy associated with deletions of chromosome 5p15. In an effort to define regions that produce the phenotypes associated with CDC, we have analyzed deletions from 17 patients. The majority of these patients had atypical CDC features or were asymptomatic. Using these patients, we have mapped several phenotypes associated with deletions of 5p, including speech delay, catlike cry, newborn facial dysmorphism, and adult facial dysmorphism. This phenotypic map should provide a framework with which to begin identification of genes associated with various phenotypic features associated with deletions of distal 5p. We have also analyzed the parental origin of the de novo deletions, to determine if genomic imprinting could be occurring in this region. In addition, we have isolated cosmids that could be useful for both prenatal and postnatal assessments of del5(p) individuals.
The myeloid‐related proteins 8 and 14 complex, a novel ligand of toll‐like receptor 4, and interleukin‐1β form a positive feedback mechanism in systemic‐onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (2009)

The analysis of MRP-8/MRP-14 in serum is an excellent tool for the diagnosis of systemic-onset JIA, allowing early differentiation between patients with systemic-onset JIA and those with other inflammatory diseases. MRP-8/MRP-14 and IL-1beta represent a novel positive feedback mechanism activating phagocytes via 2 major signaling pathways of innate immunity during the pathogenesis of systemic-onset JIA.
Process and device requirements for mixed-signal integrated circuits in broadband networking (2004)

The paper describes the present status of the broadband wireline infrastructure consisting of the backbone core, metro rings, access network, local and storage area networks. Examples of various mixed-signal integrated circuits are described. Based on these considerations required process and device performance is extrapolated.
Application of targeted enrichment to next-generation sequencing of retroviruses integrated into the host human genome (2016)

The recent development and advancement of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have enabled the characterization of the human genome at extremely high resolution. In the retrovirology field, NGS technologies have been applied to integration-site analysis and deep sequencing of viral genomes in combination with PCR amplification using virus-specific primers. However, virus-specific primers are not available for some epigenetic analyses, like chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assays. Viral sequences are poorly detected without specific PCR amplification because proviral DNA is very scarce compared to human genomic DNA. Here, we have developed and evaluated the use of biotinylated DNA probes for the capture of viral genetic fragments from a library prepared for NGS. Our results demonstrated that viral sequence detection was hundreds or thousands of times more sensitive after enrichment, enabling us to reduce the economic burden that arises when attempting to analyze the epigenetic landscape of proviruses by NGS. In addition, the method is versatile enough to analyze proviruses that have mismatches compared to the DNA probes. Taken together, we propose that this approach is a powerful tool to clarify the mechanisms of transcriptional and epigenetic regulation of retroviral proviruses that have, until now, remained elusive.
Photosensitized autoxidation of iron(II) (1969)

S. Bagger and J. Ulstrup, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 1190 DOI: 10.1039/C29690001190
Comparison of nicotine patch alone versus nicotine nasal spray alone versus a combination for treating smokers: A minimal intervention, randomized multicenter trial in a nonspecialized setting (2003)

This multicenter, randomized, open-label clinical trial was conducted to determine whether the combined use of nicotine patch therapy and a nicotine nasal spray would improve smoking abstinence rates compared to either treatment alone, without behavioral counseling. Data were collected at 15 regional cancer control oncology centers within the North Central Cancer Treatment Group. Of the 1384 smokers randomized to the study, 20% were abstinent from smoking at 6 weeks and 8% were abstinent at 6 months. At 6 weeks, the 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence rate for the patch alone (21.1%) was superior to the spray (13.6%) but was significantly lower than the rate for combination therapy (27.1%). At 6 months, the 7-day point prevalence abstinence rates were not significantly different among the three groups. Combination nicotine nasal spray and nicotine patches were delivered safely in a nonspecialized outpatient clinical setting and enhanced short-term smoking abstinence rates, but these rates were not sustained at 6 months.
Clinical efficacy of different dosage forms containing vitamin D: design and study outcomes of a randomized, comparative clinical trial (2020)

&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background:&lt;/strong&gt; Different dosage forms of vitamin D like tablets, soft gelatin capsules, oral granules, powders, solutions and thin films are available. The objective of the present study was to evaluate and compare the clinical efficacy of three different dosage forms of vitamin D3 namely, orally disintegrating strips, oral granules and oral solution.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods:&lt;/strong&gt; An open label, single centre, prospective, randomized, parallel group, comparative study was conducted for a period of 4 months. The study participants were divided into three groups (A, B, C) and received the respective treatments (orally disintegrating strips, n=20; granules, n=20; oral nano solution, n=10) for the study period. The estimation of blood levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;] in all the subjects at day 0, 60 and 120 was carried out.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results:&lt;/strong&gt; The normalization level of 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;achieved by the subjects in group A, group B and group C was 100%, 83.3% and 90% respectively after 90 days. Comparison of 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;level in all three groups showed significant increase at day 60. The levels were maintained at day 90 and 120 even after drastic reduction in dosage in Group A and group C. On day 120, the dose reduction was in the order of group A&amp;gt;group C&amp;gt;group B.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class="abstract"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;All the three formulations showed increase in the level of 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3. &lt;/sub&gt;It can be concluded that oral disintegrating strips of 25(OH)D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; are clinically more efficient than other conventional dosage forms.&lt;/p&gt;
Multilayer microstrip structure analysis with matched load simulation (1995)

This paper presents a generalized approach to the full-wave analysis of multilayer microstrip structures. One of the structures studied is a new kind of microstrip bandpass filter realized in a double-layer dielectric substrate configuration. This filter demonstrates the use of the third (vertical) dimension in the design of microstrip devices. The approach involves the mixed potential integral equation technique, the Method of Moments, and an S-parameter extraction technique based on a simple form of Matched Load Simulation. Simulated and measured results for various microstrip structures are presented and show good agreement. The approach is demonstrated in detail for 2-port structures, with an outline of how it can readily be extended to the n-port case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Recent Immunologic Advances Affecting the Management of Ovarian Cancer (1985)

The University of Texas System Cancer Center M. D. Anderson Hospital and Tumor Institute Houston, Texas Correspondence: Ralph S. Freedman, MD, PhD, Department of Gynecology, Box 67, UT M. D. Anderson Hospital, 6723 Bertner Ave., Houston, TX 77030.
Detection of tenascin‐C isoforms in colorectal mucosa, ulcerative colitis, carcinomas and liver metastases (1999)

The glycoprotein tenascin-C is up-regulated in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Most available data on tissue tenascin-C content do not distinguish its various isoforms. We have quantified tissue tenascin-C signals in colorectal mucosa, ulcerative colitis, colorectal carcinomas and liver metastases using 5 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with different binding sites. Tenascin-C of tissue extracts was analyzed by a standardized Western blot technique and densitometry. As a reference MAb, K8 displayed tenascin-C tissue concentrations of 4.1 ± 2.3 μg/mg total protein in normal mucosa, 13.8 ± 4.7 μg/mg in ulcerative colitis, 28.8 ± 14.5 μg/mg in colorectal carcinomas and 25.6 ± 8.9 μg/mg in liver metastases. The optical density values per microgram protein tissue extract of the 5 MAbs reflect the levels of the corresponding tenascin-C epitopes. Various signal intensities indicate a distinct diagnostic usefulness of the MAbs in detecting colorectal carcinomas. The binding characteristics of MAb J1/tn2 point to an under-representation of the TNfnD domain in metastasizing colorectal carcinomas, while MAb 19H12 showed an increased binding rate on the TNfnA1,2,4 region. Our comparative study of tenascin-C in inflammatory and neoplastic diseases of the colon mucosa substantiates the occurrence of large differences in the diagnostic value of tenascin-C MAbs. The detected alterations of tenascin-C in metastasizing colorectal carcinomas might indicate a prognostic value of specific tenascin-C isoforms. Int. J. Cancer 82:477–483, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Memory System Connectivity Exploration (2002)

In programmable embedded systems, the memory subsystem represents a major cost, performance and power bottleneck. To optimize the system for such different goals, the designer would like to perform Design Space Exploration, evaluating different memory modules from a memory IP library, and selecting the most promising designs. However while the memory modules are important, the rate at which the memory system can produce the data for the CPU is significantly impacted by the connectivity architecture between the memory subsystem and the CPU. Thus, it is critical go consider the connectivity architecture early in the design flow, in conjunction with the memory architecture. We present a connectivity architecture exploration approach, evaluating a wide range of cost, performance, and energy connectivity architectures. When coupled with our memory modules exploration approach, we can significantly improve the system behavior We present experiments on a set of large real-life benchmarks, showing significant performance improvements for varied cost and power characteristics, allowing the designer to tailor the performance, cost and power of the programmable embedded system.
Learning forgiving hash functions: algorithms and large scale tests (2007)

The problem of efficiently finding similar items in a large corpus of high-dimensional data points arises in many real-world tasks, such as music, image, and video retrieval. Beyond the scaling difficulties that arise with lookups in large data sets, the complexity in these domains is exacerbated by an imprecise definition of similarity. In this paper, we describe a method to learn a similarity function from only weakly labeled positive examples. Once learned, this similarity function is used as the basis of a hash function to severely constrain the number of points considered for each lookup. Tested on a large real-world audio dataset, only a tiny fraction of the points (∼0.27%) are ever considered for each lookup. To increase efficiency, no comparisons in the original high-dimensional space of points are required. The performance far surpasses, in terms of both efficiency and accuracy, a state-of-the-art Locality-Sensitive-Hashing based technique for the same problem and data set.
Direct detection of alkylphosphonic acids in environmental matrices by proton coupled phosphorus NMR (2009)

A simple, convenient, and direct one-dimensional (1D) (31)P NMR technique is demonstrated for the detection of alkylphosphonic acids (marker of nerve agents). The results of detection were validated after conducting various in-house exercises. The confidence generated by this study was found very useful in detection of different alkylphosphonic acids spiked in various official interlaboratory proficiency tests conducted by Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW).
Disease-Modifying Agents in the Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Long-Term Outcomes (2009)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, debilitating condition mediated by inflammation and neurodegeneration. The ultimate goal of treatment is to delay or halt the progression of irreversible disability. Disease-modifying drugs (DMDs), including beta interferon and glatiramer acetate during phase III trails, have been shown to reduce relapse rates in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) as detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, the long-term effects of DMDs on MS progression are not very clear; therefore, the aim of this paper is to evaluate the evidence available of the long-term effects of DMDs on reducing the progression of multiple sclerosis. A number of open-label, prospective extensions that followed a cohort of patients enrolled in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were examined. Methodological difficulties faced in designing a trial of extended duration were hard to overcome, however, and long-term, open-label extensions of interferon and glatiramer acetate failed to show significant beneficial effects in delaying disability progression, questioning the cost-effectiveness of these therapies in the long-term.
Wideband balanced networks with wideband common mode suppression and arbitrary power-dividing ratio (2016)

Two novel wideband balanced networks with wideband common mode suppression and arbitrary power-dividing ratio are proposed in this paper. The differential/common mode equivalent circuits of the balanced networks can be easily reduced based on the matrix transformation. Microstrip-slotline 180° phase inverters loaded with four isolation resistors are used to realize high isolation for the power division output ports. Two planar wideband equal and unequal power division balanced networks with bandwidths of 33% of (1:1, equal) and 39% (1:2.22, unequal) for the differential mode and over 120% common mode suppression (0.96–3.6 GHz, |S cc21, 31| < –10 dB) are designed and fabricated.
Rapid Thermal Process for Enhancement of Collimated Titanium Nitride Barriers (1997)

A rapid thermal processing (RTP) method to improve the barrier properties of collimated titanium nitride (TiN) was studied. The RTP for the collimated TiN shows a significantly improved diffusion barrier property with reduced electrical contact resistance compared to a conventional furnace annealing process. Aluminum planarization was performed on subhalf micron contacts with various TiN barrier processes to examine electrical properties. When RTP is used collimated TiN of much smaller thickness than the furnace‐annealed collimated TiN shows reliable electrical contact properties without junction leakage failure at subhalf micron contacts. When simultaneous in situ RTP for Ti silicidation and stuffing is performed, we obtain greatly improved p+ contact resistance. This is due to the phase transformation of Ti‐Si amorphous layer to crystalline at Si/barrier interface, as observed by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscope.
Genomics in the Real World (1998)

Abstract: The term genomics has evolved into a catch-all term for a variety of information intensive biological methodologies. While the promise of genomics in the bio/pharmaceutical industry is great, its impact on the drug discovery pipeline has not yet been realized, excluding a few notable exceptions. As companies acquire several years of experience in working with genomic data, it is likely that the impact on the discovery process will slowly emerge as we learn to integrate these new technologies into individual discovery programs. It is clear that extracting novel biologically valid targets targets from exponentially growing amounts of sequence data requires time and considerable investment in biological research infrastructure. In order to accelerate the process of target validation, a variety of functional genomics technologies are also being developed to try to predict the effect of inhibitory compounds in advance of development. Resources spent on early stage exploratory efforts such as these can pay off by improving the success rate for screening and medicinal chemistry.
The initiation of translation inE.coli: apparent base pairing between the 16srRNA and downstream sequences of the mRNA (1990)

Bacteriophage T7's gene 0.3, coding for an antirestriction protein, possesses one of the strongest translation initiation regions (TIR) in E. coli. It was isolated on DNA fragments of differing length and cloned upstream of the mouse dihydrofolate reductase gene in an expression vector to control the translation of this gene's sequence. The TIR's efficiency was highly dependent on nucleotides +15 to +26 downstream of the gene's AUG. This sequence is complementary to nucleotides 1471-1482 of the 16srRNA. Similar sequences complementary to this rRNA region are present in other efficient TIRs of the E. coli genome and those of its bacteriophages. There seems to be a correlation between this sequence homology and the efficiency of the initiation signals. We propose that this region specifies a stimulatory interaction between the mRNA and 16srRNA besides the Shine-Dalgarno interaction during the translation initiation step.
Relationships between processing‐structure‐migration properties for recycled polypropylene in food packaging∗ (1998)

In this work the relationships between processing, structure and migration properties of recycled polypropylene (PP) were analysed in relation to the possible use of recycled PP in food packaging applications. PP containers used in food packaging were contaminated with food and then washed, reduced into a processable size, dried and reprocessed by injection moulding. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) analysis, mechanical, and total migration tests were performed on injection moulded samples to verify the effect of the recycling process on the structure and properties of PP. In order to evaluate the effect of the molecular weight on the properties of the recycled polymer, the study was conducted on containers produced by injection moulding made from a low molecular weight (LMW) PP and on containers produced by thermoforming made from a high molecular weight (HMW) PP.
Systemic Delivery of AAVB1- GAA Clears Glycogen and Prolongs Survival in a Mouse Model of Pompe Disease (2018)

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive glycogen storage disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). GAA deficiency results in systemic lysosomal glycogen accumulation and cellular disruption in muscle and the central nervous system (CNS). Adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy is ideal for Pompe disease, since a single systemic injection may correct both muscle and CNS pathologies. Using the Pompe mouse (B6;129-Gaa<sup>Tm1Rabn</sup>/J), this study sought to explore if AAVB1, a newly engineered vector with a high affinity for muscle and CNS, reduces systemic weakness and improves survival in adult mice. Three-month-old Gaa<sup>-/-</sup> animals were injected with either AAVB1 or AAV9 vectors expressing GAA and tissues were harvested 6 months later. Both AAV vectors prolonged survival. AAVB1-treated animals had a robust weight gain compared to the AAV9-treated group. Vector genome levels, GAA enzyme activity, and histological analysis indicated that both vectors transduced the heart efficiently, leading to glycogen clearance, and transduced the diaphragm and CNS at comparable levels. AAVB1-treated mice had higher GAA activity and greater glycogen clearance in the tongue. Finally, AAVB1-treated animals showed improved respiratory function comparable to wild-type animals. In conclusion, AAVB1-GAA offers a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of muscle and CNS in Pompe disease.
At last: classification of human mammary cells elucidates breast cancer origins (2014)

Current breast cancer classification systems are based on molecular evaluation of tumor receptor status and do not account for distinct morphological phenotypes. In other types of cancer, taxonomy based on normal cell phenotypes has been extremely useful for diagnosis and treatment strategies. In this issue of the JCI, Santagata and colleagues developed a breast cancer classification scheme based on characterization of healthy mammary cells. Reclassification of breast cancer cells and breast cancer tissue microarrays with this system correlated with prognosis better than the standard receptor status designation. This scheme provides a major advance toward our understanding of the origin of the cells in the breast and breast cancers.