gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A single mode load tracking voltage mode controller with near minimum deviation transient response (2018)

This paper introduces a practical single-mode quasi constant-frequency controller that provides practically minimum output voltage deviation during load transients. This control scheme eliminates the need for two separate controllers for steady-state and transient operation and the associated potential mode transition problems which are characteristic of numerous fast response solutions. The controller only relies on the detection of changes in the output capacitor current polarity and a simple PI compensator to provide fast transient response and tight voltage regulation. The effectiveness of this mixed-signal controller is demonstrated with a 600 kHz, 15 W single-phase buck converter based experimental prototype. During load transients, the inductor current is shown to be corrected within one switching cycle with near-minimum output voltage deviation.
N-Glycan Branching Decouples B Cell Innate and Adaptive Immunity to Control Inflammatory Demyelination (2020)

B cell depletion potently reduces episodes of inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS), predominantly through loss of innate rather than adaptive immunity. However, molecular mechanisms controlling innate versus adaptive B cell function are poorly understood. N-glycan branching, via interactions with galectins, controls endocytosis and signaling of cell surface receptors to control cell function. Here we report that N-glycan branching in B cells dose dependently reduces pro-inflammatory innate responses by titrating decreases in Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4) and TLR2 surface expression via endocytosis. In contrast, a minimal level of N-glycan branching maximizes surface retention of the B cell receptor (BCR) and the CD19 co-receptor to promote adaptive immunity. Branched N-glycans inhibit antigen presentation by B cells to reduce T helper cell-17 (T<sub>H</sub>17)/T<sub>H</sub>1 differentiation and inflammatory demyelination in mice. Thus, N-glycan branching negatively regulates B cell innate function while promoting/maintaining adaptive immunity via BCR, providing an attractive therapeutic target for MS.
1 MHz Resonant DC/DC-Converter Using 600 V Gallium Nitride (GaN) Power Transistors (2013)

Gallium Nitride (GaN) is known to provide the opportunity of producing power transistors with remarkable electrical properties, such as low on-state resistance and low switching energies. This paper demonstrates how the use of GaN power transistors along with the possibility of raising the switching frequency can lead to a significant reduction of volume, weight and production costs of a power converter while maintaining high efficiency. A 1 kW resonant LLC converter using 600 V GaN power transistors is presented.
New Anticoagulants for Atrial Fibrillation: The Beginning of a A New Era in Stroke Prevention (2011)

The underuse of warfarin for eligible high-risk patients with AF represents one of the greatest unsolved practice gaps in stroke prevention. Warfarin is a highly efficacious anticoagulant but despite its proven benefits in stroke risk reduction (64% RRR vs. placebo; 37% vs. antiplatelet therapy), 6 it remains greatly underutilized. The care gaps are staggering -simply put,
Copper Substrate Electrode for Efficient Top-illuminated Organic Photovoltaics (2018)

It is now recognized that for solution processed organic photovoltaics (OPVs) to be manufactured on a large scale the thickness of the photoactive layer must be substantially increased beyond the currently used ≤150 nm. We show that copper can replace silver as the reflective substrate electrode in high performance top-illuminated OPVs without compromising device power conversion efficiency when the photoactive layer is thick enough to absorb the majority of incident photons on the first pass through the photoactive layer. Copper is one hundredth of the cost of Ag, enabling a significant reduction in the bill of materials for OPV manufacture.
Sealed-Glass Proofs: Using Transparent Enclaves to Prove and Sell Knowledge (2017)

Trusted hardware systems, such as Intel's new SGX instruction set architecture extension, aim to provide strong confidentiality and integrity assurances for applications. Recent work, however, raises serious concerns about the vulnerability of such systems to side-channel attacks. We propose, formalize, and explore a cryptographic primitive called a Sealed-Glass Proof (SGP) that models computation possible in an isolated execution environment with unbounded leakage, and thus in the face of arbitrary side-channels. A SGP specifically models the capabilities of trusted hardware that can attest to correct execution of a piece of code, but whose execution is transparent, meaning that an application's secrets and state are visible to other processes on the same host. Despite this strong threat model, we show that SGPs enable a range of practical applications. Our key observation is that SGPs permit safe verifiable computing in zero-knowledge, as data leakage results only in the prover learning her own secrets. Among other applications, we describe the implementation of an end-to-end bug bounty (or zero-day solicitation) platform that couples a SGX-based SGP with a smart contract. Our platform enables a marketplace that achieves fair exchange, protects against unfair bounty withdrawals, and resists denial-of-service attacks by dishonest sellers. We also consider a slight relaxation of the SGP model that permits black-box modules instantiating minimal, side-channel resistant primitives, yielding a still broader range of applications. Our work shows how trusted hardware systems such as SGX can support trustworthy applications even in the presence of side channels.
Ecofriendly and innovative processing of hemp hurds fibers for tissue and towel paper (2019)

An innovative approach for preparing hemp fibers from hemp hurds for use in tissue and towel grades of paper is described. Hemp hurds are a low value by-product of industrial hemp processing that are generally used for animal bed litter. Tissue paper was fabricated from hemp hurd fibers by following three pulping processes: autohydrolysis (hydrothermal), sodium carbonate-based defibration, and high yield kraft pulping, and benchmarked against hardwood pulp. To meet industrial standards, hardwood and hemp pulp fibers were mixed at a dry mass ratio of 75:25, from which tissue paper sheets were prepared. Desirable tissue paper properties, such as water absorption, burst resistance, softness, and tensile strength (dry and wet), were measured and compared. Characterization of morphological and chemical properties of tissue handsheets was conducted with SEM and time-of-flight-secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). The combined kraft pulped hardwood and autohydrolyzed hemp pulp fibers displayed improvements in tensile index, burst resistance, and softness of tissue handsheets compared to only kraft hardwood pulp handsheets without adversely impacting water absorption. Hardwood fibers showed a sparse distribution of surface lignin compared to hemp fibers using the same defibration. This technology can lead to a variety of eco-friendly tissue paper products that are not only highly energy efficient, but avoid harsh chemical processing.
Performance and complexity analysis of suboptimal MIMO detectors (2005)

In this paper, we consider coded MIMO systems using suboptimal iterative receivers. We propose to use the list type breadth first detectors based on M and TM algorithms and the soft output linear MMSE detectors with a priori information. We compare these two families of suboptimal iterative receivers in terms of complexity and bit-error-rate performance.
An elasticity-curvature illusion decouples cutaneous and proprioceptive cues in active exploration of soft objects (2021)

Our sense of touch helps us encounter the richness of our natural world. Across a myriad of contexts and repetitions, we have learned to deploy certain exploratory movements in order to elicit perceptual cues that are salient and efficient. The task of identifying optimal exploration strategies and somatosensory cues that underlie our softness perception remains relevant and incomplete. Leveraging psychophysical evaluations combined with computational finite element modeling of skin contact mechanics, we investigate an illusion phenomenon in exploring softness; where small-compliant and large-stiff spheres are indiscriminable. By modulating contact interactions at the finger pad, we find this elasticity-curvature illusion is observable in passive touch, when the finger is constrained to be stationary and only cutaneous responses from mechanosensitive afferents are perceptible. However, these spheres become readily discriminable when explored volitionally with musculoskeletal proprioception available. We subsequently exploit this phenomenon to dissociate relative contributions from cutaneous and proprioceptive signals in encoding our percept of material softness. Our findings shed light on how we volitionally explore soft objects, i.e., by controlling surface contact force to optimally elicit and integrate proprioceptive inputs amidst indiscriminable cutaneous contact cues. Moreover, in passive touch, e.g., for touch-enabled displays grounded to the finger, we find those spheres are discriminable when rates of change in cutaneous contact are varied between the stimuli, to supplant proprioceptive feedback.
Pure directional transmission and reception algorithms in wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas (2005)

We propose a novel medium access control (MAC) algorithm using pure directional transmission and reception for mobile wireless ad hoc networks with directional antennas. Recent research results show that there are significant gains in throughput to be realized with directional transmission and reception (compared with omnidirectional) (Su Yi et al., MobiHoc, 2003), however; no specific reservation/scheduling algorithms are presented. To the best of our knowledge, all previous work assumed omnidirectional reception at certain stages of the algorithms. However, the omni-receive requirement makes the protocol vulnerable to jamming. We assume no omni-antennas or omni-directional reception capability at all. The proposed algorithm exploits the beamforming capabilities of smart antennas to tailor resource access according to the services desired for individual traffic flows while limiting interference, probability of detection and jamming in the network. Specifically, we present a TDMA-based MAC algorithm for load-dependent negotiation of slot reservations. Our new protocol offers four significant advantages: (1) it assumes directional transmission/reception; (2) it is distributed, that is, it relies on local information only; (3) it allocates slots to different links dynamically based on demand; (4) power control is easily carried out during neighbor discovery and reservation, as well as the data transmission period, with very little overhead. We believe that it is the first work on pure directional transmission and reception in ad hoc networks. The algorithm can be used in many commercial and military applications.
Outbreak of Salmonella enterica serotype Poona in infants linked to persistent Salmonella contamination in an infant formula manufacturing facility, France, August 2018 to February 2019 (2019)

We describe a <i>Salmonella</i> Poona outbreak involving 31 infant cases in France. Following outbreak detection on 18 January 2019, consumption of rice-based infant formula manufactured at a facility in Spain was identified as the probable cause, leading to a recall on 24 January. Whole genome sequencing analysis linked present outbreak isolates to a 2010-11 <i>S.</i> Poona outbreak in Spain associated with formula manufactured in the same facility, indicating a persistent source of contamination.
ZIDOVUDINE (AZT) RESISTANCE IN H9 CELLS DUE TO DECREASED TK EXPRESSION IS ASSOCIATED WITH HYPERMETHYLATION OF TK GENE (2001)

AZT resistant human T-lymphoid H9 cells, deficient in TK gene expression, re-expressed TK mRNA and regained the ability to metabolize AZT by exposure to the demethylation agent azacytidine (AzaCd). Cytotoxic and anti-HIV-1 effects of AZT were increased in H9 AZT resistant cells treated with AzaCd when compared to untreated cells. This leads to the assumption that drug induced DNA hypermethylation was involved in the TK gene-silencing mechanism. Our results suggest approaches using modulation of gene methylation for increasing antiviral efficiency of drugs.
Photophysical and Photoacoustic Properties of Quadrupolar Borondifluoride Curcuminoid Dyes (2017)

The synthesis and characterization of a series of donor-π-acceptor-π-donor (D-A-D) curcuminoid molecules is presented herein that incorporates π-extended aryl and electron-donating amino terminal functionalization. Computational evaluation shows these molecules possess quadrupolar character with the lowest energy transitions displaying high molar extinction coefficients with broad tunability through manipulation of terminal donating groups. Consistent with their quadrupolar nature, these molecules show varying degrees of solvatochromic behavior in both their absorption and emission spectra, which has been analyzed by Lippert-Mataga and Kamlet-Taft analysis. Photophysical and photoacoustic (PA) properties of these molecules have been investigated by the optical photoacoustic z-scan (OPAZ) method. Selected curcuminoid molecules display nonlinear behavior at a high laser fluence through excited state absorption that translates to the production of an enhanced photoacoustic emission. A relative comparison of "molar PA emission" is also presented with the crystal violet linear optical absorbing/linear PA emitting system being utilized as a standard reference material for OPAZ experiments. Furthermore, PA tomography experiments are presented to illustrate the enhanced PA contrast obtainable via an excited state absorption.
Assessment of the Plasmodium falciparum Preerythrocytic Antigen UIS3 as a Potential Candidate for a Malaria Vaccine (2016)

Efforts are under way to improve the efficacy of subunit malaria vaccines through assessments of new adjuvants, vaccination platforms, and antigens. In this study, we further assessed the <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> antigen upregulated in infective sporozoites 3 (PfUIS3) as a vaccine candidate. PfUIS3 was expressed in the viral vectors chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (ChAd63) and modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) and used to immunize mice in a prime-boost regimen. We previously demonstrated that this regimen could provide partial protection against challenge with chimeric <i>P. berghei</i> parasites expressing PfUIS3. We now show that ChAd63-MVA PfUIS3 can also provide partial cross-species protection against challenge with wild-type <i>P. berghei</i> parasites. We also show that PfUIS3-specific cellular memory responses could be recalled in human volunteers exposed to <i>P. falciparum</i> parasites in a controlled human malaria infection study. When ChAd63-MVA PfUIS3 was coadministered with the vaccine candidate <i>P. falciparum</i> thrombospondin-related adhesion protein (PfTRAP) expressed in the ChAd63-MVA system, there was no significant change in immunogenicity to either vaccine. However, when mice were challenged with double chimeric <i>P. berghei</i>-<i>P. falciparum</i> parasites expressing both PfUIS3 and PfTRAP, vaccine efficacy was improved to 100% sterile protection. This synergistic effect was evident only when the two vaccines were mixed and administered at the same site. We have therefore demonstrated that vaccination with PfUIS3 can induce a consistent delay in patent parasitemia across mouse strains and against chimeric parasites expressing PfUIS3 as well as wild-type <i>P. berghei</i>; when this vaccine is combined with another partially protective regimen (ChAd63-MVA PfTRAP), complete protection is induced.
Abstract 2929: High-Definition Digital PCR (HDPCR™) enables sensitive measurement of DNA and RNA variants in non-small cell lung cancer samples (2022)

Abstract Digital PCR (dPCR) is an emerging platform for detecting genomic variants in cancer genomes due to its high sensitivity and fast time to result compared to massively parallel sequencing. However, translational oncology applications often require the measurement of more biomarkers than there are color channels available on dPCR platforms. One approach to address this is to split a sample across many wells and profile a subset of variants in each well. For input-limited samples, however, this results in fewer molecules being profiled in each well, resulting in a reduction in sensitivity and fewer samples processed per instrument run. ChromaCode has developed a research use only (RUO) high-definition digital PCR assay, for multiplexed detection of 14 DNA variants and 15 RNA fusion variants relevant in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) samples. The assay is constructed using both amplitude modulation and multi-channel resilient signal encoding methods. Amplitude modulation enables different variants to generate a signal at different intensity levels in single color channel, allowing for greater than n targets in n color channels. In contrast, resilient encoding generates a signal in more than one color channel to create a form of error detecting code. DNA and RNA samples were obtained using a combination of synthetic templates, cell line nucleic acids, and commercially available reference materials. Samples were run with the HDPCR NSCLC RUO assay on the Thermo Fisher Absolute Q digital PCR system, and data analysis was performed with custom analysis algorithms. The HDPCR NSCLC RUO assay demonstrated a limit of detection as low as 10 variant copies in a 10,000 haploid human genome copy DNA background. By employing HDPCR technology on digital PCR systems, it is possible to build a comprehensive and sensitive research assay that quickly detects many genomic alterations relevant to NSCLC samples. Citation Format: Bryan Leatham, Katie McNall, Hari K. Subramanian, John Alvarado, Lucien Jacky, Mimi Wang, Aditya Rajagopal, Jerrod Schwartz. High-Definition Digital PCR (HDPCR™) enables sensitive measurement of DNA and RNA variants in non-small cell lung cancer samples [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2929.
An Analytical AC Resistance Calculation Method for Multiple-Conductor Feeder Cables in Aircraft Electric Power Systems (2019)

In multiphase ac power systems, e.g., aircraft electric power systems (EPS), the proximity effect between the feeder cables can be severe and complex due to the tightly wired cable bundles. Simulation software is widely used to analyze such effects in order to guarantee proper system operation, but it is highly time consuming and requires extensive computational resources. Accordingly, this paper proposes an analytical calculation method for estimating the ac resistance of closely bundled power cables, namely multiconductor cables. Simulation and experimental tests are performed to validate the effectiveness and accuracy of the method, showing that the algorithm developed in this paper is easy to implement with a minimum accuracy of 92% in all the tests. It allows online estimation of cable resistances, which can be beneficial for advanced system monitoring and management to enhance safety and reduce losses. Aircraft EPS and cables are used as the example in this paper, while the proposed method is also applicable for other applications, such as shipboard EPS, renewable energy parks, or microgrids where multiconductor cables are used.
Transient Dynamics of Charges and Excitons in Quantum Dot Light‐Emitting Diodes (2022)

Wide interest in quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) for potential application to display devices and light sources has led to their rapid advancement in device performance. Despite such progress, detailed operation mechanisms of QLEDs, which are necessary for the fundamental understanding and further improvements, have been still uncertain because of the intricate interaction between charges and excitons in electrical operation. In this work, the transient electroluminescence (TREL) signals of dichromatic QLEDs which are purposely designed to consist of two different color-emitting QD layers are analyzed. As a result, not only can the charge injection and exciton recombination processes be visualized but the electron mobility of the QD layer can also be estimated. Furthermore, the effects of Förster resonant energy transfer between two QDs and exciton quenching near the QD layer are quantitatively measured in QLED operation. The authors believe that their results based on TREL analyses will contribute to the understanding and development of high-performance QLEDs.
Placement of Supportive Jammers for Secured Communication Protocol in Wireless Network (2017)

Jammers are placed in the network in order to block the eavesdropper's signals to the users. The physical layer should be prevented from the deceptive and random attacks possessed by the adversary nodes. The main objective is to provide secured information from the source to destination by placing cooperative jammer nodes. Reactive-Supportive jammers with selective relays are proposed for providing physical layer security. To reduce high computational complexity in the upper layer protocol stack security is provided in the physical layer. Based on receiving signal strength the signal to noise ratio is determined. Message encryption is done in the physical layer stack so that anonymous users cannot inject their false data in the original message. Here supportive jammers are used to hinder the eavesdropper from intercepting the exact message generated by the source.
[Histochemical study of the enzyme activity of the myocardium of sudden death victims with postinfarct cardiosclerosis]. (1987)

Quantitative histochemical assays of several enzymes (succinic, lactic, beta-hydroxybutyrate, alpha-glycerophosphate, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases, NAD diaphorase, and phosphorylase) in the myocardium of persons who had died suddenly with postinfarctional cardiosclerosis have failed to reveal any changes specific for this patient group. Direct correlations were established between the enzyme activities assayed, on the one hand, and the extent of myocardial hypertrophy and the signs of chronic heart failure, on the other. The activities of beta-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, which are involved in fatty acid utilization and in the pentose phosphate pathway, were elevated in cases of moderate hypertrophy, as were those of all redox enzymes in cases of strongly marked hypertrophy, although they were reduced in cases with signs of chronic cardiac failure despite the presence of considerable myocardial hypertrophy. Areas of acute myocardial ischemia were discovered in 45% of the cases.
On the Condition for Thermal Rectification Using Bulk Materials (2010)

In conduction, thermal rectification occurs when a material or structure transfers heat asymmetrically. In this work, it is shown that, in the bulk, a necessary condition for thermal rectification is that the thermal conductivity of the material or structure be a function of both space and temperature, and that this function be nonseparable. Practically, this can be achieved using a composite structure consisting of many materials although it could also be achieved with a properly developed single material.