gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jets of electrically charged suspensions (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTJets of electrically charged suspensionsYong Nak Lee and Shao Lee SooCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1970, 4, 8, 678–685Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1970https://doi.org/10.1021/es60043a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views19Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (604 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Ice core measurements of 14 CH 4 constrain the sources of atmospheric methane increase during abrupt warming events of the last deglaciation (2015)

Thawing permafrost and marine methane hydrate destabilization in the Arctic and elsewhere have been proposed as large sources of methane to the atmosphere in the future warming world. To evaluate this hypothesis it is useful to ask whether such methane releases happened during past warming events. The two major abrupt warming events of the last deglaciation, Oldest Dryas - Bølling (OD-B, ≈ 14,500 years ago) and Younger Dryas - Preboreal (YD-PB; ≈11,600 years ago), were associated with large (up to 50%) increases in atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations. The sources of these large warming-driven CH4 increases remain incompletely understood, with possible contributions from tropical and boreal wetlands, thawing permafrost as well as marine CH4 hydrates. We present a record of 14C of paleoatmospheric CH4 over the YD-PB transition from ancient ice outcropping at Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. 14C can unambiguously identify CH4 emissions from old, 14C-depleted sources, such as permafrost and CH4 hydrates. The only prior study of paleoatmospheric 14CH4 (from Greenland ice) suggested that wetlands were the main driver of the YD-PB CH4 increase, but the results were weakened by an unexpected and poorly understood 14CH4 component from in situ cosmogenic production directly in near-surface ice. In this new study, we have been able to accurately characterize and correct for the cosmogenic 14CH4 component. All samples from before, during and after the abrupt warming and associated CH4 increase yielded 14CH4 values that are consistent with 14C of atmospheric CO2 at that time, indicating a purely contemporaneous methane source. These measurements rule out the possibility of large CH4 releases to the atmosphere from methane hydrates or old permafrost carbon in response to the large and rapid YD-PB warming. To the extent that the characteristics of the YD-PB warming are comparable to those of the current anthropogenic warming, our measurements suggest that large future atmospheric methane increases from old carbon sources in the Arctic are unlikely. Instead, our measurements indicate that global wetlands will likely respond to the warming with increased methane emissions. Analysis and interpretation of 14CH4 for the abrupt OD - B transition is in progress and these results will also be presented. © The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System
Homeland Security Data Mining and Link Analysis (2009)

Data mining is the process of posing queries to large quantities of data and extracting information often previously unknown using mathematical, statistical, and machine-learning techniques. Data mining has many applications in a number of areas, including marketing and sales, medicine, law, manufacturing, and, more recently, homeland security. Using data mining, one can uncover hidden dependencies between terrorist groups as well as possibly predict terrorist events based on past experience. One particular data-mining technique that is being investigated a great deal for homeland security is link analysis, where links are drawn between various nodes, possibly detecting some hidden links. This article provides an overview of the various developments in data-mining applications in homeland security. The organization of this article is as follows. First, we provide some background on data mining and the various threats. Then, we discuss the applications of data mining and link analysis for homeland security. Privacy considerations are discussed next as part of future trends. The article is then concluded.
Characterizing Metal-Insulator-Transition (MIT) Phase Change Materials (PCM) for RF and DC Micro-switching Elements (2012)

Metal-insulator transition (MIT) phase-change materials (PCM) are material compounds that have the ability to be either conductors or insulators depending on external stimuli. A micromachined test structure for applying external electric fields across MIT wire segments was designed and fabricated. Using this novel test structure, Germanium Telluride (GeTe) and Vanadium Oxide (VOx) were successfully transitioned from a conductor to an insulator. The resistivity of the GeTe wire segments increased three to five orders of magnitude with ∼40 V applied to the parallel plates of the test structure. The VOx wires exhibited an order of magnitude transition in resistivity with ∼20 V applied. Characterization of both RF and DC switching performance of these MIT wire segments was completed and GeTe and VOx appear to be viable materials for micro-switching.
The mode of action of 5-(2-thienyl)-valeric acid on biotin biosynthesis. (1978)

5-(2-Thienyl)-valeric acid (TVA) was found to inhibit the growth of Bacillus sphaericus. The inhibition was restored by the intermediates of biotin biosynthesis, dethiobiotin (DTB) and 7, 8-diaminopelargonic acid (DAPA), as well as biotin. However, the intermediates in earlier steps, 7-keto-8-aminopelargonic acid (KAPA) and pimelic acid, had no recovering effect. When Rhodotorula glutinis, which was also sensitive for TVA, was cultivated in a medium containing TVA, the amount of DTB and biotin in culture filtrate was decreased, while that of KAPA was increased. Enzymic investigation revealed that TVA inhibits the DAPA aminotransferase reaction which is responsible for DA-PA synthesis from KAPA, while no other enzyme reactions involved in DTB synthesis from pimelic acid were inhibited. TVA was also suggested to inhibit a certain site of biotin synthesis from DTB. Five other thienyl derivatives exhibited no action as biotin antagonists. TVA inhibited the growth of various microorganisms including bacteria yeasts, molds, and actinomycetes at a concentration of 100 or 500 μg per ml.
A quantitative description of the effect of process conditions on the physical structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarns with an application to dyeing behavior (1978)

The intrinsic properties of a yarn are brought about by its physical structure. This structure in its turn is controlled by the process conditions applied. A quantitative description is given of the effect of temperature, time, and tension during annealing on the structure of poly(ethylene terephthalate) yarns. Annealing of a yarn at elevated temperature leads to improvement of packing of the molecules within the crystals. Consequently, the crystalline density is not a constant but is largely dependent on the conditions under which crystallization has taken place. The growth of the PET crystals is not an isotropic process; the strongest growth is observed in the direction of the dipole interactions. The effects of tension and annealing time are also discussed. A prolonged annealing time causes an increase in crystallinity, while time and tension influence the growth of the crystals to some extent. However, for the experimental conditions used in this investigation, temperature is by far the most important factor. Generally speaking, PET fibers annealed at low temperature show low crystallinity built up of many small crystals. Yarn annealed at a high temperature, on the other hand, is composed of fewer big crystals together with large adjacent amorphous regions and relatively high overall crystallinity. Finally, the effect of this observed structural morphology on the dyeing behavior of PET yarns is discussed in a qualitative way. Two main effects controlling the dye uptake of PET yarn are proposed, viz., the total amount of amorphous regions and the accessibility of these regions.
Variation of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PE_PGRS33 Gene among Clinical Isolates (2005)

PE_PGRS 33, one of about 60 PE_PGRS genes in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, encodes a surface-expressed protein that may be involved in the antigenic variation of M. tuberculosis strains and evasion of the host immune system. While genetic differences between the PE_PGRS 33 genes of H37Rv and CDC 1551 have been noted, genetic variation in this gene among clinical isolates has not been evaluated. In order to gain a better understanding of the genetic basis for the role of PE_PGRS in antigenic variation and evasion of the host immune system, we investigated the genetic diversity of the PE_PGRS 33 gene among 123 clinical M. tuberculosis isolates from a population-based study, using PCR and DNA sequencing. The 123 isolates belonged to principal genetic groups 1, 2, and 3 and had IS 6110 copy numbers ranging from 1 to 22. Eighty-four (68.3%) of the 123 isolates were found to have at least one sequence variation in the PE_PGRS 33 gene, relative to that of H37Rv. Twenty-five different sequence variations were observed and included three insertions (ranging from 9 to 87 bp), nine deletions (ranging from 1 to 273 bp), one insertion-and-deletion event, and 12 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (six synonymous and six nonsynonymous). Analysis of the relationships among the different PE_PGRS 33 gene sequence variations suggests that polymorphisms in the gene are shifting along evolutionary lineages. The observed genetic diversity of the PE_PGRS 33 gene supports its role in antigenic variation and can serve as a basis for future investigations of the function of the PE_PGRS 33 gene among clinical isolates.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal and abnormal pulmonary hila. (1984)

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the hila were reviewed in 25 normal subjects and 12 patients with unilateral or bilateral hilar masses. On spin echo MR images in normal patients, collections of soft tissue large enough to be confused with an abnormally enlarged lymph node were seen in three locations. In patients with a hilar mass, the mass was differentiated from hilar vasculature more easily using MR than contrast-enhanced CT. In five of these patients, hilar lymph nodes approximately 1 cm in diameter were easily seen using MR, but were difficult or impossible to appreciate prospectively on CT. However, because the spatial resolution of MR is inferior to that of CT, bronchi were difficult to evaluate using MR. In general, images obtained with a short TR (0.5 sec) provided the best definition of mediastinal extension of the hilar mass, and images with a longer TR (1.5 to 2.0 sec) provided a better signal-to-noise ratio and showed increased signal strength from hilar masses. Electrocardiographic-gated images showed better resolution of hilar structures but may not be necessary for large masses.
Cardiovascular disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome at long‐term follow‐up: a retrospective cohort study (2000)

At long-term follow-up, a history of nonfatal cerebrovascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors including diabetes are more prevalent among women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Morbidity and mortality from of coronary heart disease among women with polycystic ovary syndrome is not as high as previously predicted. This finding challenges our understanding of the aetiology of coronary heart disease in women.
Functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound for high temporal resolution measurement of lateralization in visual memory and visual search cognitive tasks (2015)

Functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) is a non-invasive sensing modality that measures blood flow velocities in cerebral arteries (CBFV) with high temporal resolution. Few studies have examined the relationship of CBFV change during visual search and visual memory cognitive tasks. Here a protocol to compare lateralization between these two similar tasks using fTCD is demonstrated. Thirteen healthy volunteers were shown visual scenes on a computer and performed visual search and visual memory tasks while CBFV in the bilateral middle cerebral arteries was monitored with fTCD. Each subject completed 40 trials, consisting of baseline, calibration, instruction, and task periods. Lateralization was computed for each trial by subtracting the percent increase in CBFV on the right side from that on the left side. Results showed significant lateralization of both tasks, with memory reaching left lateralization of 1.3 percent, and search reaching right lateralization of 0.5 percent, agreeing with the hypothesis that memory is more left lateralized and search is more right lateralized. The protocol is straightforward and the equipment inexpensive, introducing a low-cost, high temporal resolution technique to further study lateralization of the brain.
Active Secretion of Drugs from the Small Intestinal Epithelium in Rats by P-Glycoprotein Functioning as an Absorption Barrier (1996)

Because the significance of P-glycoprotein in the in-vivo secretion of beta-blockers in intestinal epithelial cells is unclear, the secretory mechanism for beta-blockers and other drugs has been evaluated. Uptake of the beta-blockers acebutolol, celiprolol, nadolol and timolol, and the antiarrhythmic agent, quinidine by the multidrug-resistant leukaemic cell line variant K562/ADM was significantly lower than that by drug-sensitive K562 cells, suggesting that these beta-blockers are transported by P-glycoprotein out of cells. The reduced uptake of acebutolol by the drug-resistant K562/ADM cells was reversed by treating the cells with anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody, MRK16, whereas no such alteration in uptake was observed for drug-sensitive K562 cells. Acebutolol uptake by K562/ADM cells was, moreover, markedly enhanced, in a concentration-dependent manner, in the presence of the specific P-glycoprotein inhibitors, MS-209 and cyclosporin. Caco-2 cells were used for evaluation of the role of P-glycoprotein in intestinal permeability to drugs in-vitro. Basolateral-to-apical transport of acebutolol was twice that in the reverse direction. A similar polarized flux was also observed in the transport of vinblastine, but not in that of acetamide or mannitol. When in-vivo intestinal absorption was evaluated by the rat jejunal loop method, with simultaneous intravenous administration of a P-glycoprotein inhibitor, cyclosporin, intestinal absorption of both acebutolol and vinblastine increased 2.6- and 2.2-fold, respectively, but no such enhancement was observed in the absorption of acetamide. The effect of cyclosporin on the intestinal absorption of several drugs was further examined, and the extent of the contribution of P-glycoprotein as an absorption barrier to those drugs was evaluated. ATP depletion by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery resulted in a clear increase in epithelial permeability to vinblastine, but not to 3-O-methylglucose or acetamide, indicating that vinblastine is secreted by ATP-dependent P-glycoprotein into the lumen. These findings demonstrate that P-glycoprotein plays a role as an absorption barrier by transporting several drugs from intestinal cells into the lumen.
Interleukin-6 as an Early Predictor for One-Year Survival following an Ischaemic Stroke/Transient Ischaemic Attack (2010)

This study demonstrates the clinical potential of using high-sensitivity interleukin-6 as an early signal for acute ischaemic stroke survival and suggests a clear cut point for patients at a high risk who might benefit from closer clinical surveillance and/or administration of therapeutic interventions.
SOI: opportunities and challenges for sub-0.25 mu m VLSI (2003)

It is argued that, as VLSI minimum feature size is reduced down to the 0.25- mu m regime and below, utilization of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) as the substrate offers a number of key advantages over bulk silicon. Scaling of the room-temperature CMOS is rapidly approaching its limits. SOI devices in the 0.25- mu m regime and below show significant performance improvements compared with bulk CMOS. This suggests that SOI substrates could provide the highest performance room-temperature CMOS, provided a number of outstanding problems are solved. SOI also has a clear advantage over bulk for low-temperature (77 K) operation at a reduced voltage. In bipolar technology, SOI allows realization of devices with no parasitic junction capacitance, sub-0.25 mu m emitter widths, easy isolation, and CMOS-like density. Ease of isolation on SOI allows easy integration of MOS and bipolar devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Changes in pH, Sensory Properties and Volatile Odor Components of Kimchi by Heating (2002)

Kimchi was ripened at for 4 days and heated at for 10 or 40 min. pH of the ripened kimchi was not changed by heating, whereas sensory properties of kimchi, including overall acceptability, acidity, taste, odor, and texture, were improved, particularly by min-heating. Allyl mercaptan, methyl allyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, and ethanol were detected in the ripened kimchi. Volatile odor components except ethanol and methyl allyl sulfide were removed by heating at min, and the ethanol content was further reduced by heating at min.
Impact of Phospholipase C Gamma 2 Alzheimer's Disease Variants on Microglial Biology and Disease Pathogenesis (2022)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases are typified by a robust microglial‐mediated immune response. Phospholipase C gamma 2 (PLCG2), whose variants confer altered risk for AD, is a critical signaling element for various immune receptors and is a key regulatory hub gene for immune signaling. A functional hypermorphic P522R variant (rs72824905) of PLCG2 has been identified to be protective against AD (OR= 0.68, p=5.83‐10). Significantly, we identified a novel SNP (rs617749044) associated with elevated AD risk (OR=1.164; p=0.047) encoding the PLCG2 M28L variant. Method To investigate the impact of PLCG2 AD risk variants on microglial biology and disease pathogenesis, we have generated mice bearing either the M28L risk or the P522R protective PLCG2 variant, all crossed onto the 5XFAD amyloidogenic murine model of AD. Result Here, we provide comprehensive analysis of PLCG2 action in mouse models of AD. We demonstrate that PLCG2 variants regulate protein‐protein interaction, alter microglial phenotypes in 5XFAD mice, regulate cytokine levels, drive distinct transcriptional phenotypes of microglia, and affect plaque pathology. Our data demonstrate that the M28L variant results in accelerated and exacerbated disease‐related pathology, and conversely, the P522R variant appeared to attenuate disease severity and progression. Conclusion Together, our finding provides evidence that PLCG2 play an important role in AD pathophysiology, indicating PLCG2 as a potential new therapeutic target for AD.
Influence of ion beam milling parameters on MRAM switching (2001)

The influence of the ion milling parameters on the magnetization reversal of patterned NiFe/CoFe layers is investigated. In 4 /spl mu/m/spl times/2 /spl mu/m ellipse elements switching of the magnetization occurs through a two step process. The first step is associated with domain wall propagation and the second with vortex annihilation. Reversal fields are reduced by ion milling at low angles (25/spl deg/-35/spl deg/). Magnetization reversal fields also show a dependence on ion energy. Milling at low ion energies reduces the switching field and dispersion values. Lower magnetization reversal fields are obtained for thinner layers.
Bravo Automated Liquid Handling Platform for SureSelect Target Enrichment (2011)

Agilent's SureSelect Target Enrichment products have met the need for a robust and cost-effective approach for systematic resequencing of candidate regions in the human genome and other species. SureSelect is an in-solution method of targeting only the user defined regions of interest of a genome to identify genetic variants and mutations associated with disease. With the advent of SureSelect Target Enrichment Multiplexing kits, the ability to achieve targeted enrichment on multiple samples in a single sequencing lane is maximized, saving time and money without sacrificing performance. However, the handling of numerous samples can be cumbersome and the possibility for the introduction of sample processing errors greatly increases. Agilent has expanded the SureSelect Target Enrichment System to allow for higher throughput of numerous samples with the Bravo Automated Liquid Handling Platform. The SureSelect method selects user defined target regions of interest from SureSelect XT prepped genomic DNA libraries by hybridization to in-solution biotinylated cRNA probes; these enriched libraries are then compatible for sequencing using the llumina GAII and HiSeq platforms. The Agilent automation solution for SureSelect enables processing of up to 96 samples per run in much less time than can be obtained manually. Our SureSelect automation workflow includes SureSelect XT genomic DNA library construction, hybridization setup, and automated capture and wash steps. Each of these steps can be run with minimal user intervention and provide more uniformity than manual methods. We demonstrate here the throughput potential and consistency in performance across entire 96-well plates of multiplexed samples. In summary, SureSelect Automation solution provides an easy to use, automated gDNA library preparation and target enrichment system that is a cost-effective approach to analyzing discrete genomic regions with unprecedented depth, accuracy and throughput.
Continuous Lesser Palatine Nerve Block for Postoperative Analgesia After Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (2013)

Continuous lesser palatine nerve block may be a useful regional anesthetic technique in the multimodal postoperative pain management of opioid-sensitive OSA patients undergoing UPPP and deserves further study.
Challenges and opportunities for phasor data based event detection in transmission control centers under cyber security constraints (2019)

The scope of this survey is the phasor based event detection under cyber security constraints in modern transmission control centers. A general concept for a physical and cyber event detection is developed as a combination of state-of-the-art disturbance classification and cyber-attack detection methods. This requires the incorporation of heterogeneous data sources and advanced data fusion and analysis techniques. An enhanced and robust recognition of the current grid situation is proposed to distinguish between different scheduled and unscheduled grid events. Furthermore, Digital Twins are considered as new promising technology for control centers and potential benefits for physical and cyber event detection are described.
Robust trapping and manipulation of airborne particles with a bottle beam (2011)

We demonstrate that micron-sized light-absorbing particles can be trapped and transported photophoretically in air using an optical bottle formed inside the focal volume of a lens with a controlled amount of spherical aberration.