gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attractions between Hard Colloidal Spheres in Semiflexible Polymer Solutions (1999)

We explore the depletion attractions that arise between hard colloidal spheres immersed in a nonadsorbing polymer solution of DNA. We spatially confine two 1.25 μm silica spheres in a scanning optical tweezer and quantitatively examine their interaction potential in double-stranded DNA solutions of different concentrations. The potentials obtained display variations in depth and range that are consistent with scaling behavior expected for semiflexible polymers near the θ-point. In particular, we clearly observe the crossover from a dilute solution of Gaussian coils to the weakly fluctuating semidilute regime dominated by two-point collisions (Schaefer, D. W.; Joanny, J. F.; Pincus, P. Macromolecules 1980, 13, 1280−1289). We also quantitatively test the Asakura−Oosawa model for these systems and show that it may be used in both the semidilute as well as the dilute regime. At fixed DNA concentration, we find that the range and depth of the interparticle potentials do not change significantly for ionic concentrations between 1 and 50 mM.
Pharmacokinetics of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor benazepril·HCl (CGS 14 824 A) in healthy volunteers after single and repeated administration (1989)

The pharmacokinetics of the new angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor benazepril.HCl were evaluated in healthy male volunteers. The single dose kinetics were established from data of 62 subjects receiving an oral 10 mg dose of the drug. The steady state kinetics were investigated in 15 subjects after once-daily oral doses of 5, 10 or 20 mg. The compound is a prodrug which, on absorption, is hydrolysed to the pharmacologically active metabolite benazeprilat. Thus, plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of parent compound and active metabolite were determined. Benazepril.HCl was rapidly absorbed (tmax = 0.5 h) and rapidly eliminated from plasma (t1/2 = 0.6 h). Only trace amounts were excreted unchanged in urine. The drug was rapidly metabolized to benazeprilat (tmax = 1.5 h). The elimination of the metabolite from plasma was biphasic. About 80 per cent of benazeprilat formed was eliminated within 24 h (t 1/2 = 2.7 h), whereas the terminal phase (t1/2 = 22.3 h) controlled a minor amount of elimination. About 17 per cent of dose was excreted in the 24-h urine as benazeprilat. The drug disposition did not change during repeated oral dosing and only small accumulation of the metabolite occurred. The accumulation ratio was 1.20 for AUC and 1.24 for urinary excretion. The effective half-life for accumulation was estimated at about 10-11 h. The comparison with other ACE inhibitors showed similarities but also marked differences with respect to the drug kinetics and excretion.
Ultrasensitive Detection of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus from Fecal Samples Using Functionalized Nanoparticles (2016)

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is the main causative agent of porcine diarrhea, which has resulted in devastating damage to swine industry and become a perplexed global problem. PEDV infection causes lesions and clinical symptoms, and infected pigs often succumb to severe dehydration. If there is not a timely and effective method to control its infection, PEDV will spread rapidly across the whole swine farm. Therefore, preclinical identification of PEDV is of great significance for preventing the outbreak and spread of this disease. In this study, a functionalized nanoparticles-based PCR method (UNDP-PCR) specific for PEDV was developed through systematic optimization of functionalized magnetic beads and gold nanoparticles which were further used to specifically enrich viral RNA from the lysate of PEDV stool samples, forming a MMPs-RNA-AuNPs complex. Then, oligonucleotides specific for PEDV coated on AuNPs were eluted from the complex and were further amplified and characterized by PCR. The detection limitation of the established UNDP-PCR method for PEDV was 25 copies in per gram PEDV stool samples, which is 400-fold more sensitive than conventional RT-PCR for stool samples. The UNDP-PCR for PEDV exhibited reliable reproducibility and high specificity, no cross-reaction was observed with other porcine viruses. In 153 preclinical fecal samples, the positive detection rate of UNDP-PCR specific for PEDV (30.72%) was much higher than that of conventional RT-PCR (5.88%) and SYBR Green real-time RT-PCR. In a word, this study provided a RNA extraction and transcription free, rapid and economical method for preclinical PEDV infection, which showed higher sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility, and exhibited application potency for evaluating viral loads of preclinical samples.
Sequents, barcodes, and homology (2022)

We consider the problem of generating hypothesis from data based on ideas from logic. We introduce a notion of barcodes, which we call sequent barcodes, that mirrors the barcodes in persistent homology theory in topological data analysis. We prove a theoretical result on the stability of these barcodes in analogy with similar results in persistent homology theory. Additionally we show that our new notion of barcodes can be interpreted in terms of a persistent homology of a particular filtration of topological spaces induced by the data. Finally, we discuss a concrete application of the sequent barcodes in a discovery problem arising from the area of cancer genomics.
Decomposition of N-nitrosopeptides in strong acids (1991)

Decomposition of the N-nitrosodipeptides obtained from N-(N′-acetyl-L-prolyl)glycine and N-(N′-acetyl-L-propyl)-L-alanine in aqueous acid at 25 °C involves both deamination and denitrosation. Both reactions occur concurrently via different conjugate acid intermediates, with denitrosation being predominant at high acidity. Acidity dependences and inverse solvent deuterium isotope effects [k(H2SO4)/k(D2SO4)ca. 0.7] suggest that deamination involves rate limiting attack by H2O on an O-conjugate acid, formed in a rapid pre-equilibrium. For denitrosation, H+ transfer to the amide N-atom is considered rate limiting because of the substantial normal solvent deuterium isotope effects [k(H2SO4)/k(D2SO4)ca. 2.5] and Bunnett ω values in the range –0.1 to –0.5: the N-conjugate acid formed breaks down rapidly to products. Both the kinetics and mechanisms for decomposition of these N-nitrosodipeptides are very similar to those of alicyclic N-nitrosamides.
Celiac Artery Stenting to Facilitate Hepatic Yttrium-90 Radioembolization Therapy (2012)

Radioembolization offers a novel way to treat the nonresectable, liver predominant hepatic malignancies with better tumor response and overall progression-free survival rates. Transarterial catheter-based radioembolization procedure involves the hepatic arterial administration of glass- or resin-based beta emitting Yttirum-90 microspheres. Safe delivery of the tumoricidal radiation dose requires careful angiogram planning and coil embolization to quantify lung shunting and prevent systemic toxicity, respectively. Diagnostic pretreatment angiogram also serves to identify the hepatic arterial variant anatomy and other coexisting pathologies that might require a different or alternative approach. We describe a complex case of celiac artery stenosis with tortuous pancreaticoduodenal arterial arcade precluding access to the right hepatic artery for performing radioembolization. Celiac artery stenting of the stenosis was performed to facilitate subsequent safe and successful Yttrium-90 microsphere radioembolization.
Effects of mica fillers on dielectric properties of polyamide nanocomposites (2005)

Complex permittivity, dielectric strength, and electrical conductivity of polyamide-6/mica nanocomposites were measured. By analyzing the permittivity spectra, it was found that the distribution of relaxation times becomes smaller with the addition of nanofillers. This indicates restriction of molecular motion and strong ionic bonds at the resin/mica interfaces. The conduction current was found to decrease with the addition of nanofillers. The barrier effect, formation of nanometric spherulites, and carrier trapping are considered to be responsible, in addition to the above-mentioned two effects at the interfaces. The breakdown strength is independent of the nanofiller content.
Mitochondrial calcium is decreased by high glucose and is improved by reduction of protein O‐GlcNAcylation in cardiac myocytes (1078.2) (2014)

Increased nuclear protein O‐linked β‐N‐acetylglucosamine glycosylation (O‐GlcNAcylation) mediated by high glucose treatment or the hyperglycemia of diabetes mellitus contributes to cardiac myocyte dysfunction. Mitochondrial proteins in cardiac myocytes are also submitted to O‐GlcNAcylation, however, whether excessive O‐GlcNAcylation alters mitochondrial function is incompletely studied. We have previously demonstrated decreased mitochondrial calcium concentration in cardiac myocytes exposed to high glucose. We hypothesize that excessive O‐GlcNAcylation may be responsible of this maladaptive phenomenon and that reducing excessive O‐GlcNAcylation may return mitochondrial calcium levels to normal. Our objective was to test this hypothesis, therefore, we incubated cultured neonatal mouse myocytes in high glucose (HG, 25mM) for 72 hours and inhibited O‐GlcNAcylation by adenoviral expression of a dominant negative mutant of the O‐GlcNAc transferase (dnOGT). As expected, mitochondrial calcium levels were reduced by 20% after HG exposure but were returned to control values after dnOGT expression. In addition, mitochondrial calcium uptake decreased by 52% in HG and was improved by expression of dnOGT, however, did not reach control values. We examined the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) and found that it is susceptible to be O‐GlcNAcylated and HG further increased O‐GlcNAcylation. In conclusion, our results suggest that excessive O‐GlcNAcylation in hyperglycemia alters mitochondrial calcium homeostasis by increasing O‐GlcNAcylated MCU. Grant Funding Source : Supported by UC MEXUS and VA‐5 I01BX001121‐02‐
Protection of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) againstChlamydophila psittacichallenge by DNA vaccination (2009)

Plasmid DNA (pcDNA1::MOMP A) expressing the major outer membrane protein (MOMP) of Chlamydophila psittaci genotype A strain 89/1051 has been tested for its ability to induce protective immunity against Cp. psittaci challenge in budgerigars. Eight pairs of male and female budgerigars were housed in eight separate bird cages placed in two negative pressure isolators, four cages per group. All budgerigars were immunised twice intramuscularly with 100 microasmid DNA. Both groups received a primary DNA inoculation at day 0 followed by a booster inoculation 3 weeks later. Group 1 received pcDNA1::MOMP A, while group 2 received the placebo vaccine pcDNA1. Budgerigars were challenged by aerosol 2 weeks following the booster vaccination. The challenge consisted of 10(8) TCID(50) of the homologous Cp. psittaci genotype A strain. Cloacal and pharyngeal swabs of all budgerigars, taken prior to the experimental infection were negative in both PCR and culture. However, all budgerigars showed low pre-existing serum antibody titres. This indicates that animals were previously infected. Nevertheless, DNA immunisation could significantly reduce clinical signs, macroscopic lesions, pharyngeal and cloacal excretion as well as chlamydial replication, even in the presence of pre-existing serum antibodies, as compared to the placebo-vaccinated controls.
Outer membrane protein YadA of enteropathogenic yersiniae mediates specific binding to cellular but not plasma fibronectin (1993)

The binding of bacteria or bacterial products to host proteins of tissue extracellular matrix may be a mechanism of tissue adherence. We investigated interactions of the plasmid-encoded outer membrane protein YadA, which confers pathogenic functions on enteropathogenic yersiniae, with fibronectin. Attachment of YadA-positive and YadA-negative recombinant Yersinia enterocolitica strains to cartilage-derived human cellular fibronectin and human plasma fibronectin in the solid phase revealed that YadA mediates binding of yersiniae to cellular fibronectin in a saturable, concentration-dependent manner. The interaction could be inhibited by an anti-YadA-specific anti-serum. An anti-beta 1-integrin antibody and the synthetic peptide G-R-G-D-S-P, representing the binding site for alpha 5 beta 1-integrin on fibronectin, did not block attachment of YadA-positive yersiniae to cellular fibronectin, indicating a binding site for YadA on cellular fibronectin independent of the R-G-D-S-containing site. By contrast, YadA failed to mediate binding to plasma fibronectin immobilized on nitrocellulose or plastic surfaces. These observations provide evidence for the hypothesis that the binding region for YadA in cellular fibronectin is not present in plasma fibronectin. This study is the first report on differential binding of bacteria to splicing variants of fibronectin. Further experiments might answer the question whether binding of YadA to cellular fibronectin contributes to the pathogenesis of yersiniae, both to the initial adhesion of the bacteria to the matrices of the host and to the arthritogenic potential of enteropathogenic yersiniae.
Domain mode FMR for H normal to (1982)

We report both theory and experiment on domain mode FMR (DM-FMR) in thin
Towards perceptual shared autonomy for robotic mobile manipulation (2011)

Reliability and availability are major concerns for autonomous systems. A personal robot has to solve complex tasks, such as loading a dishwasher or folding laundry, which are very difficult to automate robustly. In order for a robot to perform better in those applications, it needs to be capable of accepting help from a human operator. Shared autonomy is a system model based on human-robot dialogue. This work aims at bridging the gap between full human control and full autonomy for tasks in the domain of personal robotics. One of the hardest problems for personal robotic systems is perception: perceiving and inferring about objects in the robot's environment. We present a system capable of solving the perceptual inference in combination with a human, such that a human operator functions as a resource for the robot and helps to compensate for limitations of autonomy. In this paper, we show how a human-robot team can work together effectively to solve complex perception tasks. We present a system that asks a human operator to identify objects it doesn't recognize or find. In various experiments with the PR2 robot we show that this shared autonomy system performs more robustly than the robot system alone and that it is capable of tasks which are difficult to accomplish by an autonomous agent.
ENHANCED MATURATION OF PORCINE NEONATAL PANCREATIC CELL CLUSTERS WITH GROWTH FACTORS FAILS TO IMPROVE TRANSPLANTATION OUTCOME1 (2001)

Increased insulin content of NPCCs was achieved in vitro by addition of fetal calf serum, insulin-like growth factor-I, nicotinamide, and sodium butyrate, but this increase did not translate into a faster achievement of normoglycemia after transplantation, which suggests that there is a time frame required for complete maturation that is difficult to alter.
Extracellular vesicles including exosomes are mediators of signal transduction: Are they protective or pathogenic? (2014)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are signaling organelles that are released by many cell types and is highly conserved in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Based on the mechanism of biogenesis, these membranous vesicles can be classified as exosomes, shedding microvesicles, and apoptotic blebs. It is becoming clearer that these EVs mediate signal transduction in both autocrine and paracrine fashion by the transfer of proteins and RNA. While the role of EVs including exosomes in pathogenesis is well established, very little is known about their function in normal physiological conditions. Recent evidences allude that EVs can mediate both protective and pathogenic effects depending on the precise state. In this review, we discuss the involvement of EVs as mediators of signal transduction in neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. In addition, the role of EVs in mediating Wnt and PI3K signaling pathways is also discussed. Additional findings on the involvement of EVs in homeostasis and disease progression will promote a better biological understanding, advance future therapeutic, and diagnostic applications.
Methyl deuteration reactions in vinylporphyrins: protoporphyrins IX, III, and XIII (1986)

Base-catalyzed deuteration of the methyl groups in protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester (1) proceeds with differential deuteration; rate of deuteration, as measured by NMR spectroscopy of reaction products, follows the order 3-Me > 1-Me > 5-Me > 8-Me. A simple qualitative theory to explain the differential deuteration is discussed, based on primary (vinyl group on subunit bearing the deuteriated methyl) and secondary (vinyl group on adjacent subunits) inductive effects, and this is tested by using the symmetrical porphyrins, protoporphyrin III dimethyl ester (6) and protoporphyrin XIII dimethyl ester (7). Synthesis of 6 and 7, from monopyrroles via the a,c-biladiene route, are reported. © 1986, American Chemical Society. All rights reserved.
Linearity by Synthesis: An Intrinsically Linear AlGaN/GaN-on-Si Transistor with OIP3/(F-1)PDC of 10.1 at 30 GHz (2020)

In today’s radio-frequency (RF) systems, linearity of amplifiers is a key concern due to presence of significant numbers of in-band interferers in the crowded spectrum. GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) can provide low noise front-end amplifiers, but state-of-the-art GaN HEMTs still possess non-linearity exhibited by a transconductance, g m , roll-off from its peak due to the dynamic source access resistance and other factors [1] . The dynamic range figure-of-merit (DRFOM) for low noise amplifiers (LNAs) [2] , OIP3/(F-1)P DC , where OIP3 is the output 3 rd -order intercept point (OIP3), P DC is the DC power, and F is the noise factor, is still limited to ~1.7 in mmwave GaN transistors [3] . Joglekar et al. attempted to increase linearity by using different Fin widths resulted in flat g m of ~2 V [1] ; linearity figures of merit were not properly assessed. Here, we demonstrate a novel method to synthesize g m plateau over a 6 V gate overdrive and a record DRFOM of 10.1 in GaN HEMTs at 30 GHz.
Two pathways regulate cortical granule translocation to prevent polyspermy in mouse oocytes (2016)

An egg must be fertilized by a single sperm only. To prevent polyspermy, the zona pellucida, a structure that surrounds mammalian eggs, becomes impermeable upon fertilization, preventing the entry of further sperm. The structural changes in the zona upon fertilization are driven by the exocytosis of cortical granules. These translocate from the oocyte's centre to the plasma membrane during meiosis. However, very little is known about the mechanism of cortical granule translocation. Here we investigate cortical granule transport and dynamics in live mammalian oocytes by using Rab27a as a marker. We show that two separate mechanisms drive their transport: myosin Va-dependent movement along actin filaments, and an unexpected vesicle hitchhiking mechanism by which cortical granules bind to Rab11a vesicles powered by myosin Vb. Inhibiting cortical granule translocation severely impaired the block to sperm entry, suggesting that translocation defects could contribute to miscarriages that are caused by polyspermy.
Marathonmanden og den dansende kohyrde (2013)

Historien om de to Juma'er fra Tanzania, der hver pa deres made repraesenterer l andet s kropskultur.
Ellipse Detection of Optic Disc-and-Cup Boundary in Fundus Images (2019)

Glaucoma is an eye disease that damages the optic nerve and leads to loss of vision. The diagnosis of glaucoma involves measurement of cup-to-disc ratio from retinal fundus images, which necessitates the detection of the optic disc-and-cup boundary as a crucial task for glaucoma screening. Most existing computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems focus on the segmentation approaches but ignore the localization approaches, which requires less human annotation cost. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based framework to jointly localize the ellipse for the optic disc (OD) and optic cup (OC) regions. Instead of detecting a bounding box like in most object detection approaches, we directly estimate the parameters of an ellipse that suffices to capture the morphology of each OD and OC region for calculating the cup-to-disc ratio. We use two modules to detect the ellipses for OD and OC regions, where the OD region serves as attention to the OC region. The proposed framework achieves competitive results against the state-of-the-art segmentation methods with less supervision. We empirically evaluate our framework with the recent state-of-the-art segmentation models on two scenarios where the training data and test data come from the same and different domains.
A preliminary study of automated inspection of VLSI resist patterns (2005)

This paper presents our progress on automated inspection of VLSI resist patterns as imaged by scanning electron microscopy. A precision digital edge line detection method has been developed for extracting edge contours of resist lines of submicron width, which are crucial for micro registration and detection of defects including bubbles and holes, resist stringers and resist edge defects.
Imaging and atrial fibrillation: the role of multimodality imaging in patient evaluation and management of atrial fibrillation (2010)

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, and is associated with an increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality. In this review, the role of multimodality imaging in the evaluation and treatment of AF is discussed in two main parts. First, an overview of the initial assessment of an AF patient is provided, including the role of different imaging techniques. Conditions that are associated with AF (coronary artery disease, heart failure, valvular heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy), and the assessment with various imaging modalities, will be reviewed. Furthermore, left atrial size assessment and the screening for thrombus formation are addressed. Secondly, the role of imaging in the invasive treatment of AF with catheter ablation is reviewed. Issues that should be considered before the procedure including contra-indications and pulmonary vein and left atrial anatomy will be discussed. Furthermore, the integration of different imaging modalities during catheter ablation is explored. Finally, an overview of the role of imaging in the follow-up of patients treated with catheter ablation will be provided.
Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture (2002)

Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture is written in direct response to the stiff challenges that face enterprise application developers. The author, noted object-oriented designer Martin Fowler, noticed that despite changes in technology-from Smalltalk to CORBA to Java to .NET-the same basic design ideas can be adapted and applied to solve common problems. With the help of an expert group of contributors, Martin distills over forty recurring solutions into patterns. The result is an indispensable handbook of solutions that are applicable to any enterprise application platform
New Oligomers and Polymers Bearing Furan Moieties (2001)

This paper describes novel approaches to the exploitation of both furan monomers and a specific facet of furan reactivity in order to synthesize either conjugated oligomers incorporating the heterocycle in their backbone, or polymeric structures which can be crosslinked and returned to linear structures through the reversible chemistry of the Diels-Alder reaction. The first family of compounds showed interesting features in terms of conductivity, luminescence, mesogenic character and photoactivity. The second class of materials owes its interest to the possibility of recycling otherwise intractable polymers, e.g. tires, thanks to a simple thermal process.