gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Manifold learning using geodesic entropic graphs (2003)

Summary form only given. In the manifold learning problem one seeks to discover a smooth low dimensional surface, i.e., a manifold embedded in a higher dimensional linear vector space, based on a set of measured sample points on the surface. In this paper we consider the closely related problem of estimating the manifold's intrinsic dimension and the intrinsic entropy of the sample points. Specifically, we view the sample points as realizations of an unknown multivariate density supported on an unknown smooth manifold. We present a novel geometrical probability approach, called the geodesic entropic graph (GET) method, to obtaining asymptotically consistent estimates of the manifold dimension and the Renyi /spl alpha/-entropy of the sample density on the manifold. The GET approach is striking in its simplicity and does not require reconstructing the manifold or estimating the multivariate density of the samples. The GET method simply constructs an entropic graph, e.g., a minimal spanning tree (MST) or k-nearest neighbor graph (k-NNG), to estimate the geodesic neighborhoods connecting points on the manifold. The growth rate of the length functional of the entropic graph is then used to simultaneously estimate manifold dimension and sample entropy.
<title>Semiconductor microcavity laser spectroscopy of intracellular protein in human cancer cells</title> (2001)

The speed of light through a biofluid or biological cell is inversely related to the biomolecular concentration of proteins and other complex molecules comprising carbon- oxygen double bonds that modify the refractive index at wavelengths accessible to semiconductor lasers. By placing a fluid or cell into a semiconductor microcavity laser, these decreases in light speed can be sensitively recorded in picoseconds as frequency red-shifts in the laser output spectrum. This biocavity laser equipped with microfluidics for transporting cells at high speed through the laser microcavity has shown potential for rapid analysis of biomolecular mass of normal and malignant human cells in their physiologic condition without time-consuming fixing, staining, or tagging.
Advanced Ignition Systems Evaluations for High-Dilution SI Engines (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A series of ignition systems were evaluated for their suitability for high-EGR SI engine applications. Testing was performed in a constant-volume combustion chamber and in a single-cylinder research engine, with EGR rates of up to 40% evaluated. All of the evaluated systems were able to initiate combustion at a simulated 20% EGR level, but not all of the resulting combustion rates were adequate for stable engine operation. High energy spark discharge systems were better, and could ignite a flame at up to 40% simulated EGR, though again the combustion rates were slow relative to that required for stable engine performance. The most effective systems for stable combustion at high EGR rates were systems which created a large effective flame kernel and/or a long kernel lifetime, such as a torch-style prechamber spark plug or a corona discharge igniter. These results suggest that achieving good engine performance with high EGR rates will require changes to the ignition system of an SI engine to produce a more robust flame kernel.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Biofidelity of the SID-IIs and a modified SID-IIs upper extremity: biomechanical properties of the human humerus (2005)

Accurate biofidelity for side impact dummies is crucial in order to accurately predict injury of human occupants. One such dummy is the SIDIIs, which represents the 5th percentile human female. A recent area of concern is the biofidelity of the upper extremity of side impact test dummies. Since the upper arm serves as a load path to the thorax, the response characteristics of the upper extremity can influence the thoracic response in side impact test dummies. However, there are currently no biofidelity evaluations with respect to the characteristics of the arm its self. The purpose of the study was to characterize the biomechanical properties of male and female humeri and to assess the biofidelity of the SID-IIs and a modified SID-IIs upper extremity. Results from two types of tests are presented. First, whole bone three-point bending tests were performed on eight isolated humeri from male and female human cadavers at static and dynamic loading rates 0.01 m/s and 3.0 m/s. Second, a series of compression tests were performed at two dynamic rates, 2 m/s and 4m/s, on a total of eight male and female humeri with all soft tissues attached. Then matched compression tests were preformed on the SID-IIs and the modified SIDIIs humerus segment. The impact direction for all tests was from lateral to medial in order to simulate a side impact collision. All test results and biofidelity corridors are presented in the full paper. The test results show that for both the SID-IIs and modified SID-IIs, the force vs. deflection response transitions from a linear response to an exponential response at deflections of approximately 15 mm and 25 mm, respectively. The male and female human humeri exhibited a similar trend but to a lesser extent. However, the force vs. deflection response of the modified SID-IIs upper extremity was more representative to that of the female human humeri then the original SID-IIs upper extremity. For example, the linear stiffness corridor from the 2m/s humerus compression tests was between 79.17 kN/m and 86.36 kN/m. For the same testing speed, the modified SID-IIs had a linear stiffness of 71.78 kN/m, while the SID-IIs had a linear stiffness of 183.9 kN/m. In summary, it is recommended that the modified SID-IIs upper limb should be used in place of the current SID-IIs upper limb in order to improve the biofidelity of the thoracic measurements of the SID-IIs.
Lattice thermodynamics for ultracold atoms (2009)

We measure the temperature of ultracold $^{87}\text{R}\text{b}$ gases transferred into an optical lattice and compare to noninteracting thermodynamics for a combined lattice-parabolic potential. Absolute temperature is determined at low temperature by fitting quasimomentum distributions obtained using band mapping, i.e., turning off the lattice potential slowly compared with the band gap. We show that distributions obtained at high temperature employing this technique are not quasimomentum distributions through numerical simulations. To overcome this limitation, we extract temperature using the in-trap size of the gas.
Zigzag-Chain, Cyclic-Octanuclear Calcium- and Hexanuclear Sodium Phosphate Complexes with Bulky Amide Ligands Involving a Network of Inter- and Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds (2002)

Novel zigzag-chain, cyclic-octanuclear Ca- and hexanuclear Na-phosphate complexes were synthesized using bulky amide aryl dihydrogen phosphate ligands. The metal complexes with bulky amides have a unique unsymmetric ligand position. The zigzag-chain structure transformed into a cyclic-octanuclear one in cooperating with the coordination of DMF molecule and reorganization of the intermolecular/intramolecular hydrogen bond networks. biomineral calcium phosphate complex NHO hydrogen bonds polynuclear complex structural transformation
ChemInform Abstract: Aspirin Prodrugs: Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2‐Methyl‐4H‐1,3‐ benzodioxin‐4‐ones and Their Screening for Prodrug Potential. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of Hispanic or Asian Ethnicity on the Treatment Outcomes of Chronic Hepatitis C (2011)

These observations highlight the importance of ethnicity as an integral component of the tailored treatment approach to CHC.
An experimental investigation of cavity-mounted helical antennas (1956)

This paper presents the results of an experimental investigation which led to the development of cavity-mounted helical antennas for airborne applications. The effects on patterns and impedance of various antenna parameters, such as number of turns, cavity size and shape, helix pitch, angle, and conductor size, were investigated. Methods of feeding the helix which produce an input impedance near 50 ohms, without external compensation, throughout the axial mode frequency range are discussed. Some of the types of cavity-mounted helices developed and typical performance data are described.
Novak's Gynecology, 13th Edition (2003)

Reviewed by: Mary Ellen Rousseau, CNM, MS, Associate Professor, Yale School of Nursing.
Wärmeübergang bei instationären Prallstrahlen (2004)

Abstract No abstracts.
Impaired interferon-γ production as a consequence of STAT4 deficiency after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma (2005)

Production of interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) is critical for optimal antitumor immunotherapy in several preclinical animal models. Interleukin-12 (IL-12)-induced IFN-gamma production is markedly defective after autologous stem cell transplantation. Quantitative deficiency in CD4 T cells, relative increase in CD25+CD4+ T cells, and bias toward T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation are not the primary mechanisms of defective IFN-gamma production. IL-12 receptor beta1 (IL-12Rbeta1) and IL-12Rbeta2 are expressed at equivalent or higher levels on posttransplantation patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as compared with control PBMCs. IL-12-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 4 (STAT4) was undetectable or barely detectable in posttransplantation patient PBMCs, whereas IL-4-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT6 did not differ in posttransplantation patient and control PBMCs. Levels of STAT4 protein were decreased by 97% in posttransplantation patient PBMCs. Levels of STAT4 mRNA were also significantly decreased in posttransplantation patient PBMCs. Incubation with IL-12 and IL-18 in combination partially reversed the defective IFN-gamma production by posttransplantation patient PBMCs. IFN-gamma production in response to IL-12 plus IL-18 did not require increased expression of STAT4 but was dependent on the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). These results indicate that defective IFN-gamma production is due to an intrinsic deficiency in STAT4 expression by posttransplantation patient lymphocytes and suggest strategies for circumventing this deficiency in cancer immunotherapy.
siRNA Lipid Nanoparticle Potently Silences Clusterin and Delays Progression When Combined with Androgen Receptor Cotargeting in Enzalutamide-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2015)

LNP siRNA can silence target genes in vivo and enable inhibition of traditionally non-druggable genes like CLU and other promising cotargeting approaches in ENZ-R CRPC therapeutics.
Maximal levels of aspiration, minimal boundary goals, and their relationships with academic achievement: The case of secondary‐school students (2015)

Maximising educational attainment is important for both individuals and societies. However, understanding of why some students achieve better than others is far from complete. Motivation and achievement data from a sample of 782 secondary‐school students in New Zealand reveal that two specific types of outcome goals, namely maximal levels of aspiration and minimal boundary goals , predict subsequent student achievement independently of mastery, performance goals, self‐efficacy, student demographics and context variables including school type and time spent in out‐of‐school activities. In addition, our results underline that the relationships between these two specific outcome goals and achievement are moderated by the type of assessment tasks used to index achievement. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that understanding variability in students’ academic performance can be significantly enhanced by taking into consideration individual differences in the strength of their maximal levels of aspirations and minimal boundary goals.
A motion control approach for a robotic fish with iterative feedback tuning (2015)

This paper proposes a model-free motion control approach for a robotic fish. The fish-like swimming gaits first are generated by a general internal model (GIM)-based learning approach for the robot. Then, a feedforward controller and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID)-based feedback controller are scheduled to control the swimming gaits of the robot to achieve desired motion. To improve the performance of the feedback controller and avoid tedious manual tuning, a pure data-driven iterative feedback (IFT) method is adopted for tuning the parameters of the feedback controller. Finally, experiment results verify the effectiveness of the motion control approach.
Identifying invalid states for sequential circuit test generation (1997)

For sequential circuit test pattern generation incorporating backward justification, we need to justify the values on flip-flops to activate and propagate fault effects. This takes much time when the values to be justified on flip-flops appear to be invalid states. Hence, it is desirable to know invalid states, either dynamically during the justification process or statically before proceeding to test generation. This paper proposes algorithms to identify, before test generation, invalid states for sequential circuits without reset states. The first algorithm explores all valid states from an unknown initial state to search the complete set of invalid states. The second algorithm finds the complete set of invalid states from searching the reachable states for each state. The third algorithm searches the invalid states which are required for test generation to help stop justification early by analyzing dependency among flip-flops to simulate each partial circuit. Experimental results on ISCAS benchmark circuits show that the algorithms can identify invalid states in short time. The obtained invalid states were also used in test generation, and it was shown that they improved test generation significantly in test generation time, fault coverage, and detection efficiency, especially for larger circuits and for those that were difficult to generate.
Characterization of a ZnxCd1−xSe/Znx′Cdy′Mg1−x′−y′Se multiple quantum well structure for mid-infrared device applications by contactless electroreflectance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (2009)

Contactless electroreflectance (CER) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to study the intersubband transitions of a ZnxCd1−xSe/Znx'Cdy'Mg1−x'−y'Se multiple quantum well (MQW) structure grown by molecular beam epitaxy for mid-infrared device applications. The CER spectrum revealed a wide range of possible optical transitions in the MQW structure. The ground state transition was assigned by comparison with the photoluminescence emission signal taken from the same structure. A comprehensive analysis of the CER spectrum led to the identification of various interband transitions. The intersubband transitions were estimated and confirmed by FTIR measurements. The results demonstrate the potential of using CER as a complementary technique for the contactless and nondestructive characterization of the wide band gap II–VI MQW structures for mid-IR intersubband device applications.
Augmented Reality Based Breadboard Circuit Building Guide Application (2018)

Building circuits on breadboards is an activity which requires a lot of attention and thinking. If there is a way to guide this process by using modern technologies, the learning process can be made more effective and interactive. This study proposes a solution that provides students with an augmented reality visualization of the expected circuit on a breadboard before they actually make the circuit. The proposed system can be divided into four main modules based on their functionality (a) extracting possible information from the electronic components, (b) scanning circuit diagrams for identifying circuit symbols and their connectivity, (c) finding the appropriate arrangement of the electronic components on the breadboard and (d) using augmented reality to visualize the circuit on a breadboard. This solution provides an innovative approach to facilitate the learning process of students by making electronic circuit building interesting and interactive.
Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Based on Swarm Intelligent Algorithm (2010)

For several decades the remote sensing change detection methods for depicting land cover have gained a great achievements, and the artificial intelligence techniques have being applied to remote sensing data processing and show great potential. Ant colony optimization (ACO) and Particle swarm optimization (PSO) as the two main algorithms of swarm intelligence, and because of the self-organization, cooperation, communication and other intelligent merits, they have great potential in research area. This paper introduces remotely sensed image change detection using the swarm intelligent algorithm. Selecting Landsat-5 TM image located in Beijing area as experimental data, this paper use the algorithm for constructing the change rules, then use these rules to process the example data, the experiment results show that warm intelligent algorithm has provided a new method for remote sensing image change detection.
Recursively Generated Periodic Sequences (1974)

A sequence ( x n ) ( n = 1, 2, . . .) is periodic if x n+p = x n for some p and all n . Periodic sequences arise naturally in geometry and arithmetic in the study of mosaic patterns [4], continued fractions and frieze patterns [3; 5]. Some digital oscillators and tone generators also generate periodic sequences. In these cases one computes the period p of the sequence in question. On the other hand, in pseudo random sequences and cryptography [8] it is required to recursively generate sequences of large periods.
The Preparation and Surface Properties of Silicone-grafted Acrylic Copolymer Coatings (2005)

Methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate were copolymerized in the presence of C = C containing silane coupling agent and further grafted with hydroxyl silicone oil (HSO) in butyl acetate. The conversion and grafting degree of HSO were determined by a weighing method. The structure and the surface properties of silicone-grafted acrylic copolymer coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), CP/MAS, 13C-NMR, optical contact angle (OCA), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS). It was found that a relatively high grafting degree of HSO onto acrylic copolymer can be obtained by using acetic acid as the catalyst and methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MAPMS) as the silane coupling agent. The HSO graft can effect a decrease in the surface free energy of polymer films and improve the hydrophobic property of acrylic copolymer coating.
Solid-liquid iron partitioning in Earth's deep mantle (2012)

Iron in partially molten rocks under deep-mantle conditions partitions into the melt phase less than previously reported, suggesting that melt generated near the core–mantle boundary should segregate upwards.
Experimental Measurement of the Capacity for VoIP Traffic in IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2007)

We measured the capacity for VoIP traffic in an 802.11b test-bed and compared it with the theoretical capacity and our simulation results. We identified factors that have been commonly overlooked in past studies but affect experiments and simulations. We found that in many papers the capacity for VoIP traffic has been measured via simulations or experiments without considering those factors, showing different capacity in each paper. After these corrections, simulations and experiments yielded a capacity estimate of 15 calls for 64 kb/s CBR VoIP traffic with 20 ms packetization interval and 34 calls to 36 calls for VBR VoIP traffic with 0.39 activity ratio.
Leukemic Stem Cell: A Mini-Review on Clinical Perspectives (2022)

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are known for their ability to proliferate and self-renew, thus being responsible for sustaining the hematopoietic system and residing in the bone marrow (BM). Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are recognized by their stemness features such as drug resistance, self-renewal, and undifferentiated state. LSCs are also present in BM, being found in only 0.1%, approximately. This makes their identification and even their differentiation difficult since, despite the mutations, they are cells that still have many similarities with HSCs. Although the common characteristics, LSCs are heterogeneous cells and have different phenotypic characteristics, genetic mutations, and metabolic alterations. This whole set of alterations enables the cell to initiate the process of carcinogenesis, in addition to conferring drug resistance and providing relapses. The study of LSCs has been evolving and its application can help patients, where through its count as a biomarker, it can indicate a prognostic factor and reveal treatment results. The selection of a target to LSC therapy is fundamental. Ideally, the target chosen should be highly expressed by LSCs, highly selective, absence of expression on other cells, in particular HSC, and preferentially expressed by high numbers of patients. In view of the large number of similarities between LSCs and HSCs, it is not surprising that current treatment approaches are limited. In this mini review we seek to describe the immunophenotypic characteristics and mechanisms of resistance presented by LSCs, also approaching possible alternatives for the treatment of patients.
A highly secure DNA based image steganography (2014)

DNA steganography is one of the emerging technologies in the field of covert data transmission. In this paper we are proposing a novel DNA based steganography which uses images as primary cover media. A theoretical single stranded DNA (ssDNA) or oligonucleotide is extracted from the image which is used as the secondary cover providing a huge amount of background noise for the secret data. This is why we call it a dual cover steganography. The pixel sequence contributing the ssDNA codon series construction is determined by a two dimensional chaotic map. Performance of the algorithm is tested against several visual and statistical attacks and parameterized in terms of both security and capacity.
An in situ study of the thermal decomposition of 2,2′-azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) radical chemistry using a dual-mode EPR resonator (2022)

Abstract A custom-built dual-mode EPR resonator was used to study the radical chemistry of AIBN thermal decomposition. This resonator enables both simultaneous in situ heating using microwaves and EPR measurements to be performed. The thermal decomposition of AIBN was compared following conventional heating methods and microwave-induced (or dielectric) heating methods. Under both heating conditions, the radicals formed and detected by EPR include the 2-cyano-2-propyl (CP ● ) and 2-cyano-2-propoxyl (CPO ● ) radicals. Under aerobic conditions, the observed relative distribution of these radicals as observed by EPR is similar following slow heating by conventional or dielectric methods. In both conditions, the kinetically favoured CPO ● radicals and their adducts dominate the EPR spectra up to temperatures of approximately 80–90 °C. Under anaerobic conditions, the distribution can be altered as less CPO ● is available. However, the observed results are notably different when rapid heating (primarily applied using a MW-induced T-jump) is applied. As the higher reaction temperatures are achieved on a faster timescale, none of the ST ● -CPO adducts are actually visible in the EPR spectra. The more rapid and facile heating capabilities created by microwaves may therefore lead to the non-detection of radical intermediates compared to experiments performed using conventional heating methods.