gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-organization of locomotory controllers in robots and animals (2015)

In animals, the Central Pattern Generator (CPG) is essential for achieving coordinated locomotion. In robotics, CPGs have been adapted in various forms for the control of walking machines. In order to implement more complex, adaptive locomotory controllers, we have identified three key issues: (1) adaptation and tuning of the CPG to the robot mechanism, (2) the role of CPGs for trunk flexion in the aquatic and terrestrial gait of vertebrates and its relevance to robotics, and (3) the representation of CPGs for use in robotic work.
Two methods of examining adaptation and tuning are presented. The first approach is based on the use of Genetic Algorithms incorporating a novel technique called evolution for tuning a locomotory controller. This approach uses an outside critic to give feedback on the progress of movement. In this case, all experiments are carried out on a real hexapod robot called Rodney.
In the second instance, we experiment in simulation with a mechanical model of the lamprey. In this work, we use local, adaptive rules (i.e. self-organization) for the adaptation of the CPG parameters. Our results support the hypothesis that early movement in the embryological stage is instrumental for tuning certain parameters in the CPG.
We also examine the importance of trunk flexion in terrestrial locomotion and its relationship to a CPG for trunk flexion in an aquatic environment. We conclude that very little needs to be altered to allow an aquatic CPG to control a terrestrial tetrapod. In this case, experiments were conducted in a tetrapod robot called GEO.
Finally, we examined an abstraction of the CPG which we call Adaptive Ring Rules (ARR). These rules act on a phase oscillator and on a motor pattern burst function to create an adaptive and easily understood model of the CPG. ARRs find appropriate use in robotics applications as well as in the modeling of vertebrate locomotion development. The adaptive rules are justified on the bases of an analysis of a reduced Morris-Lecar model of a spiking neuron, and on behavioral observations reported in the literature.
Rapamycin enhances the innate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-dependent pro-inflammatory and angiogenic responses in patients with cirrhosis (2010)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Voice-quality Features for Deep Neural Network Based Speaker Verification Systems (2021)

Jitter and shimmer are voice-quality features which have been successfully used to detect voice pathologies and classify different speaking styles. In this paper, we investigate the usefulness of such voice-quality features in neural-network based speaker verification systems. To combine these two sets of features, the cosine distance scores estimated from the two sets are linearly weighted to obtain a single, fused score. The fused score is used to accept/reject a given speaker. The experimental results carried out on Voxceleb-1 dataset demonstrate that the fusion of the cosine distance scores extracted from the mel-spectrogram and voice quality features provide a 15 % relative improvement in Equal Error Rate (EER) compared to the baseline system which is based only on mel-spectrogram features.
Antegrade Interlocking Nailing for Distal Femoral Fractures (2012)

Antegrade interlocking nailing achieved good-to-excellent outcomes for distal femoral fractures.
Dedicated Indirect Searches for Dark Matter Using Antideuterons (2013)

This white paper describes the basic idea for indirect dark matter searches using antideuterons. Low energy antideuterons produced by dark matter annihilations/decays provide an attractive dark matter signature, due to the low astrophysical background. The current and future experiments have a strong potential to detect antideuterons from dark matter. They are complementary not only with each other, but also with other dark matter searches.
Thiacron Ethers and Derivatives: Preparation and Applications for Organic Reactions (1983)

Recently, we found that new macrocyclic polythiaethers (y,yJ) could easily be obtained in good yields via 2.2'-dithiaspiro[3,3]heptane(zzl.Pentaerythrityl bromide(?),having a neopentyl type carbon skeleton, was found to
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Mediated Diastereoselective and Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of Michael Acceptors with Sulfur Ylides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A New Concept Of PACS - Hybrid PACS In IMACS (2005)

PACS is a system designed mainly for an intra -hospital digital image management. In addition, with the evolution of PACS, Local Area Medical Information Control System (LAMICS) will be required in pursuit of an improved efficiency of the diagnosis through an image transmission. Also Personal Health Data Recording System (PHDRS). which will be given an off-line connection of the above -mentioned systems is now under evaluation. A global integration of these systems will represent Imaq and Communication System in Patient Care, which is exactly, I think, the theme of this international conference. We are designing, for further study, a Hybrid PACS which is a combined database of Analogue information and Digital information and which will support an organic operation of the IMAC system.
Small Heat Shock Proteins Collaborate with FAIM to Prevent Accumulation of Misfolded Protein Aggregates (2022)

Cells and tissues are continuously subject to environmental insults, such as heat shock and oxidative stress, which cause the accumulation of cytotoxic, aggregated proteins. We previously found that Fas Apoptosis Inhibitory Molecule (FAIM) protects cells from stress-induced cell death by preventing abnormal generation of protein aggregates similar to the effect of small heat shock proteins (HSPs). Protein aggregates are often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we sought to determine how FAIM protein dynamics change during cellular stress and how FAIM prevents the formation of amyloid-β aggregates/fibrils, one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Here, we found that the majority of FAIM protein shifts to the detergent-insoluble fraction in response to cellular stress. A similar shift to the insoluble fraction was also observed in small heat shock protein (sHSP) family molecules, such as HSP27, after stress. We further demonstrate that FAIM is recruited to sHSP-containing complexes after cellular stress induction. These data suggest that FAIM might prevent protein aggregation in concert with sHSPs. In fact, we observed the additional effect of FAIM and HSP27 on the prevention of protein aggregates using an in vitro amyloid-β aggregation model system. Our work provides new insights into the interrelationships among FAIM, sHSPs, and amyloid-β aggregation.
A 18.2-29.3 GHz Colpitts VCOs bank with -119.5 dBc/Hz Phase Noise at 1 MHz Offset for 5G Communications (2019)

This paper describes a bank of four SiGe BiCMOS oscillators tailored to cover the 18.2-29.3 GHz frequency range, needed to tackle the needs of 5G communications. The Colpitts oscillator topology is leveraged to achieve a lower absolute phase noise compared to Class-C oscillators, at the expense of deteriorated figure of merit. Benefiting from the proper technology choice, a careful tank design was carried out to maximize Q, minimize K <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">VCO</sub> and phase noise variations. The four oscillators feature state-of-the-art phase noise, ranging from -119.5 dBc/Hz to -116.5 dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset for 18.2 GHz and 29.3 GHz carrier frequency, respectively. For each oscillator the phase noise variation is only <;2 dB over -20°C to 85°C temperature range and <;6 dB over the whole 47% tuning range.
Poor efficacy of residual chlorine disinfectant in drinking water to inactivate waterborne pathogens in distribution systems (1999)

To evaluate the inactivating power of residual chlorine in a distribution system, test microorganisms (Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, bacteriophage phi-X 170, and poliovirus type 1) were added to drinking water samples obtained from two water treatment plants and their distribution system. Except for Escherichia coli, microorganisms remained relatively unaffected in water from the distribution systems tested. When sewage was added to the water samples, indigenous thermotolerant coliforms were inactivated only when water was obtained from sites very close to the treatment plant and containing a high residual chlorine concentration. Clostridium perfringens was barely inactivated, suggesting that the most resistant pathogens such as Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium parvum, and human enteric viruses would not be inactivated. Our results suggest that the maintenance of a free residual concentration in a distribution system does not provide a significant inactivation of pathogens, could even mask events of contamination of the distribution, and thus would provide only a false sense of safety with little active protection of public health. Recent epidemiological studies that have suggested a significant waterborne level of endemic gastrointestinal illness could then be explained by undetected intrusions in the distribution system, intrusions resulting in the infection of a small number of individuals without eliciting an outbreak situation.
An Efficient Current Distortion Suppression Method for Six-Pulse Bridge Rectifiers (2007)

In this paper, an efficient current distortion suppression method for six-pulse bridge rectifiers is presented, whereby high-quality waveforms at both ends of the rectifier are possible. The methodology involves accurate shaping of the dc current by using two forced commutated switches. It is demonstrated, theoretically and experimentally, that this action on the dc side is reflected back on the ac side, and as a result, perfect sinusoidal input currents are achieved. In addition, ripple-free voltages and currents are obtained on the dc side by using electrolytic capacitors and smoothing reactors. Rectifying and inverting operations are possible with a simple control circuit, which is also able to both track rapid load variations and overcome failures more efficiently than other modern alternatives. Selected theoretical results are presented, which are fully validated in a laboratory prototype.
Morphological changes under shear flow in simulated block copolymer system (1998)

Abstract Shear flow of microphase-separated melts of symmetric diblock copolymers is simulated by the cooperative motion algorithm. Morphologies in stationary states under various shear stresses and after cessation of flow are analyzed. Considerable effects of copolymer interaction with walls on morphologies under flow are detected.
Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (2014)

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is an effective method for establishing a causal link between a cortical area and cognitive/neurophysiological effects. Specifically, by creating a transient interference with the normal activity of a target region and measuring changes in an electrophysiological signal, we can establish a causal link between the stimulated brain area or network and the electrophysiological signal that we record. If target brain areas are functionally defined with prior fMRI scan, TMS could be used to link the fMRI activations with evoked potentials recorded. However, conducting such experiments presents significant technical challenges given the high amplitude artifacts introduced into the EEG signal by the magnetic pulse, and the difficulty to successfully target areas that were functionally defined by fMRI. Here we describe a methodology for combining these three common tools: TMS, EEG, and fMRI. We explain how to guide the stimulator's coil to the desired target area using anatomical or functional MRI data, how to record EEG during concurrent TMS, how to design an ERP study suitable for EEG-TMS combination and how to extract reliable ERP from the recorded data. We will provide representative results from a previously published study, in which fMRI-guided TMS was used concurrently with EEG to show that the face-selective N1 and the body-selective N1 component of the ERP are associated with distinct neural networks in extrastriate cortex. This method allows us to combine the high spatial resolution of fMRI with the high temporal resolution of TMS and EEG and therefore obtain a comprehensive understanding of the neural basis of various cognitive processes.
Natural products for cancer prevention associated with Nrf2–ARE pathway (2013)

Cancer chemoprevention involves the application of natural or synthetic compounds to reduce the risk of cancer development. One of the most effective strategies for preventing human cancers might involve inducing phase II detoxifying enzymes and antioxidant enzymes via natural dietary compounds. The regulatory regions of these inducible genes encode the antioxidant response element (ARE). Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as a transcription factor, plays a key role in the expression of ARE-mediated genes. Similarly, Nrf2 performs an essential function in the up-regulation of these genes in response to oxidative stress and treatment with dietary phytochemicals. In this article, we discuss the current state of knowledge regarding the Nrf2/ARE pathway as a potential molecular target for cancer chemoprevention and its molecular regulation mechanisms, and highlight Nrf2/ARE inducers derived from natural products, which may be used as chemopreventive agents for cancer patients.
Simplified algorithm to facilitate communication of familial hypercholesterolaemia: Figure 1 (2015)

This editorial refers to ‘ODYSSEY FH I and FH II: 78 week results with alirocumab treatment in 735 patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia’[†][1], by J.J.P. Kastelein et al ., on page 2996. 

The fact that patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) have a dramatically increased cardiovascular risk which is directly related to LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and the fact that this risk can be decreased by consequent LDL-C lowering, proves the causal relationship between LDL-C and atherosclerosis.1,2 The understanding of FH has driven new diagnostic and therapeutic developments and has enhanced our understanding of how changes in lipid metabolism are linked to atherosclerosis. Although LDL-C lowering with statins is able to reduce atherothrombotic events in FH, two important unmet challenges still remain to use the preventive potential fully and thus to manage these patients adequately.3 The first relates to treatment, since a number of subjects do not adequately respond to currently available lipid-lowering drugs (mostly statins and ezetimibe) either because baseline values are very high or because maximal doses are not tolerated. The second aspect relates to the low rate of identification of patients with FH.

A new treatment option for heterozygous FH (HeFH) is demonstrated in this issue of the journal. The results of the ODYSSEY FH I and FH II trials presented by John Kastelein and colleagues4 convincingly show that biweekly subcutaneous injections of the PCSK9-inhibiting antibody alirocumab reduced LDL-C in 735 patients with HeFH by 52% compared with placebo. The LDL lowering was observed in addition to maximally tolerated lipid-lowering therapy. ODYSSEY FH I + II confirm the efficacy of anti-PCSK9 antibodies for the lowering of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-containing lipoproteins and good tolerability that now has been demonstrated with high homogeneity in different regions throughout the world, by different investigators, in different …

 [1]: #fn-2
Developmental Changes in Expression of Genes Involved in Regulation of Apoptosis in the Bovine Preimplantation Embryo1 (2010)

The early bovine preimplantation embryo is resistant to proapoptotic signals until around the 8- to 16-cell stage. We hypothesized that 2-cell embryos have higher amounts of antiapoptotic proteins and lower amounts of proapoptotic proteins when compared to embryos ≥16 cells. Steady-state concentrations of mRNA for the antiapoptotic genes BCL2 and HSPA1A were higher for MII oocytes, 2-cell embryos, and 2-cell embryos treated with alpha-amanitin as compared to ≥16-cell embryos. Steady-state concentrations of mRNA for the proapoptotic gene BAD increased in embryos ≥16 cells. There was no significant effect of stage of development on steady-state mRNA concentrations of BCL2L1, DFFA, or BAX. Using immunohistochemistry, it was found that BCL2 was present in greater relative concentrations for 2-cell embryos than for embryos ≥16 cells. These results were confirmed by Western blotting. Relative amounts of immunoreactive BAX detected by immunofluorescence were lower for 2-cell embryos than for embryos ≥16 cells. Using Western blotting, a high molecular weight (46 kDa) form of BAX was highest in ≥16-cell embryos, intermediate in 2-cell embryos, and lowest in MII oocytes. There were no effects of stage of development on relative amounts of immunoreactive BCL2L1, HSPA1A, or BAD, as determined by immunofluorescence. Treatment of embryos with alpha-amanitin from Day 0 to Day 5 or Day 4 to Day 5 after insemination reduced activation of group II caspases and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling after treatment with the proapoptotic signal C(2) ceramide at Day 5 after fertilization. Thus, transcription of BAX or other proteins is required for acquisition of the capacity for apoptosis. Results support the idea that changes in amounts of BCL2 family members are important for the inhibition of apoptosis in the 2-cell embryo and in the establishment of the capacity for apoptosis later in development.
Parameter estimation of saturated magnetic resonance spectra (2016)

We have shown in previous work that magnetic resonance spectra may be profitably analyzed by using concepts derived from information geometry. The systems that have been studied so far have been restricted to the linear response regime where constraints, in the form of sum rules for example, induced a geometry on the line shape function treated as a probability density function (PDF). Although careful analysis of the linear response line shape is a useful tool for quantifying important details of molecular structure and dynamics, complementary information is available from the non-linear response line shape which is often sensitive to processes on longer time scales than the transient coherences probed in the linear regime. The non-linear response of a system satisfies constraints that do not allow for a direct interpretation in terms of a PDF, as the non-linear response may have absorptive and emissive character and thus cannot be constrained to be non-negative in all circumstances. Nevertheless, entropic methods and concepts from information geometry may be used to compare simulated and measured non-linear spectra in order to infer appropriate model parameter values. We demonstrate how this can be achieved for a model system described by the Zeeman interaction of a magnetic moiety with an applied magnetic field modulated by stochastic processes such as rotational diffusion. For the case of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), we will show how the methods presented here may be extended to include hyperfine interactions which arise due to couplings of the electron magnetic moment with nearby nuclei.
OPTIMIZATION OF THE PARTd~ETERS OF PORE DISTRIBUTION IN PE~EABLE POWDER Y~TERIALS FOR CLEANING POLkT~ER MELTS (2004)

It is known [i] that long service life and considerable mud capacity of filters are ensured predominantly by deep filtration, and not by surface filtration. To attain such conditions, permeable powder materials (PPM) with nonuniform pore distribution can be used in such a way that the pores become smaller in the direction of filtration. One of the most widely used methods of producing such materials is the iayerwise forming of blanks from powders with different grain size, and subsequent sintering.
Synthesis of Potential Trypanocides (1987)

Abstract : This report describes the synthesis of new compounds for evaluation as antiparasitic agents. Most of the biological data pertain to activity against Trypanosoma rhodesiense but limited data pertaining to leishmania, filarius and plasmodium are also included. Biological data is included for compounds prepared in an earlier contract. The salts are derivatives of imidazole, pyridine, thiazole, benizimidazole and imidazo (1,2-a) pyridine. High levels of in vivo activity are reported for many of the compounds.
FIBER INITIATION ON THE COTTON OVULE (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM) (1975)

Cotton ovules at the stage of fiber initiation were studied with a scanning electron microscope. On the day before anthesis the anatropous ovule had many anomocytic stomata, especially on the chalazal end. At anthesis, fibers first appeared at the crest of the funiculus and then around the lateral circumference of the ovule. Fiber initials were delayed for a few hours at the chalazal cap and for 3 or 4 days at the extreme end of the micropylar region. The morphological differentiation of a fiber began when an epidermal cell rounded up and protruded. After a brief period of diametric expansion, the initial began elongation toward the micropylar end. Between 2 and 3 days of age the fibers segregated into small groups, developed tapered tips, and began spiral growth. Fiber density was about 3,300 fibers per mm 2 , and the ratio of fiber initials to total epidermal cells was 1:3.7 at anthesis.
Pneumonia and Respiratory Failure from Swine-Origin Influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico (2009)

S-OIV infection can cause severe illness, the acute respiratory distress syndrome, and death in previously healthy persons who are young to middle-aged. None of the secondary infections among health care workers were severe.
Design and Synthesis of Novel DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Agents: C2-Linked Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine Polyamide Conjugates (2002)

Article Design and Synthesis of Novel DNA Interstrand Cross-Linking Agents: C2-Linked Pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepine Polyamide Conjugates was published on April 1, 2002 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 8, issue 2).
Piers’ borane-mediated hydrosilylation of epoxides and cyclic ethers (2018)

We report the first diarylborane-catalysed hydrosilylation of epoxides and cyclic ethers. Mechanistic studies on the in situ generated Piers' borane (C6F5)2BH with hydrosilanes in the presence of an epoxide revealed that an alkyloxy(diaryl)borane (C6F5)2BOR is readily formed as a catalytically competent species for the outer-sphere hydrosilylation of epoxides and cyclic ethers.
Tissue-engineering scaffolds: can we re-engineer mother nature? (2005)

The objective of tissue engineering is to apply the foundations and innovations of biology, medicine and engineering to develop viable, 3D substitutes that support, sustain and/or restore the funct...