gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fueling the Simulation Machine: Considerations for High-Resolution 3D Microscopy to Support Computational Modeling in Battery Research (2022)

To meet the rapidly evolving energy needs of a growing population, energy storage and conversion devices such as batteries must rapidly evolve as well. Battery materials and other functional energy materials derive their properties not from their static state, but from how they interact with other materials in their service environment. Furthermore, the microstructure of these materials strongly dictates their performance and how they interact with other components (like electrolytes, binders, etc). In order to accelerate this development cycle, researchers are increasingly integrating computational modeling into their materials and device development efforts. Computational analysis is progressing to the point where simulations can incorporate real material microstructures, simulate statistically equivalent structures, and predict performance changes based on changes to these microstructures. At the same time experimental techniques have emerged that can deliver representative volumes of high-quality, high-resolution 3D microstructural images from real devices and materials. The interplay between advanced computational analysis and evolving characterization capabilities means we are rapidly approaching the realization of the “materials by design” paradigm where new materials are designed and tested digitally with input and validation provided by advanced materials characterization techniques. Within this paradigm, however, it is critical that the experimental techniques provide accurate, realistic, and representative input to the computational models. In the case of microstructural information, this means generating 3-dimensional images that accurately represents the materials in question. One key example of this is for materials, like battery materials and electrodes, which contain micro- and nano-scale porosity. Acquiring image data that can reproduce real material properties and feed accurate simulations is challenging and relies on satisfying several conditions. For example, the volume must be representative of the “bulk” material microstructure. The (2D) image resolution must capture the relevant scope of material features, and the 3D image must accurately represent the material in all 3 dimensions and at appropriate length scales. The focused-ion beam scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) is capable of imaging these micro- and nano-scale pore networks in 3D but care must be taken when considering these experiments, especially when the intent is to use the images to feed computational models. We present here a review of the factors researchers must consider when tackling these demanding tasks and highlight experimental recommendations for leveraging FIB-SEM tomography to produce the most relevant imaging data in this context. We use a lithium-ion battery cathode as a test case to demonstrate this approach, but the outcome and methods can be leveraged across the materials research space and beyond.
Revealing Rate Limitations in Nanocrystalline Li4Ti5O12 Anodes for High‐Power Lithium Ion Batteries (2016)

Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 is a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries due to its high safety, excellent cycling stability, environmental friendliness, and low cost. Strategies of incorporation with a conductive component (such as carbon) and constructing nano‐structure are frequently adopted to improve the rate‐capability of Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 by means of enhancing the electronic conductivity and promoting the lithium ion transport within electrodes, respectively. However, which charge carrier transport process is the limiting step for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 electrode reactions still remains unclear, and this limits the abilities to rationally design high performance Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 materials. In this work, the nanosized Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C materials are prepared with nearly identical particle size and morphology. The results demonstrate that the synthesized single phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 delivers a higher specific capacity and superior rate‐capability than Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 /C composite. As such, in contrast to a popular belief, it is lithium ion transport that restricts kinetics of the electrochemical reactions on Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 . The synthesized single phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 shows a specific capacity of ≈160 mAh g −1 at 0.5 C and 130 mAhg −1 at 50 C rates, respectively. This rate‐capability is the best reported for Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 anodes. The single phase Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 also demonstrated remarkable stability at high‐temperature (50 °C), showing cycling life of over 4000 cycles at 1 C.
Short treatment with antalarmin alters adrenal gland receptors in the rat model of endometriosis (2020)

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder in which endometrial tissue is found outside the uterine cavity. Previous reports suggest that there is a dysregulation of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis during the progression of endometriosis. Our previous report showed that a short-term treatment with antalarmin, a corticotrophin releasing hormone receptor type 1 (CRHR1) antagonist decreases the number and size of endometriotic vesicles in the auto-transplantation rat model of endometriosis. Our current goal was to examine the mRNA expression of intra-adrenal receptors to better understand the mechanisms of the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis involvement in endometriosis. We used two groups of female rats. The first received sham surgery or endometriosis surgery before collecting the adrenals after 7 days of the disease progression. The second group of animals received endometriosis surgery and a treatment of either vehicle or antalarmin (20 mg/kg, i.p.) during the first 7 days after endometriosis induction and then the disease was allowed to progress until day 60. Rats with sham surgery served as controls. Results showed that the mRNA expression of the mineralocorticoid (MRC2) receptor was lower in the rats after 7 days of endometriosis surgery and in rats with endometriosis that received antalarmin. In addition, the CRHR1 was significantly elevated in animals that received antalarmin and this was counteracted by a non-significant elevation in CRHR2 mRNA. The glucocorticoid receptor mRNA within the adrenals was not affected by endometriosis or antalarmin treatment. This report is one of the first to explore intra-adrenal mRNA for receptors involved in the HPA axis signaling as well as in the sympatho-adrenal signaling, calling for additional research towards understanding the role of the adrenal glands in chronic inflammatory diseases such as endometriosis.
Stability Of The Spectral Characteristics Of Ion Plated Interference Filters (1989)

Ta205/Si02, Zr02/SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 multilayer optical interference filters were deposited in a Balzers2BAP 800 coatiftg plant by reactive low-voltage ion plating. The spectral filter characteristics were investigated with respect to time and temperature. The observed stability is correlated to the water and hydrogen contents. The temperature derivatives of the refractive index of TiO2, ZrO2 and Ta205 were estimated.
Extension of a QFD based design for functionality algorithm to enhance performance of complex consumer products (2009)

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that the procedures described in Part 1 of this paper are equally effective when applied to a complex system. In order to demonstrate this, an automotive braking system was chosen since it involves numerous traditional manufacturing processes. However, some criteria in our extended definition of functionality may not easily apply to this particular case (usability, for instance) since this is an internal mechanical part of a consumer product (car). If the functionality of the internal automotive part can be ensured, it is expected that the overall functionality of the vehicle will also be enhanced.
The role of fuzzy sets in improving maximal covering location problem (MCLP) (2012)

In this paper an extension of fuzzy maximal covering location time problem (FMCLP) is presented. The travel times are considered to be linear, trapezoidal or Gaussian fuzzy numbers and the radius is considered to be a fuzzy set of a right shoulder type. For obtaining the distance a fuzzy ordering relation was used to compare distances to the radius. In order to solve the FMCLP problem we used discrete particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithm. Theoretical results show that the proposed DPSO algorithm is very competitive for FMCLP problem.
Comparison of Glucosinolate Profiles in Different Tissues of Nine Brassica Crops (2015)

Glucosinolate (GSL) profiles and concentrations in various tissues (seeds, sprouts, mature root, and shoot) were determined and compared across nine Brassica species, including cauliflower, cabbage, broccoli, radish, baemuchae, pakchoi, Chinese cabbage, leaf mustard, and kale. The compositions and concentrations of individual GSLs varied among crops, tissues, and growth stages. Seeds had highest total GSL concentrations in most of crops, whereas shoots had the lowest GSL concentrations. Aliphatic GSL concentrations were the highest in seeds, followed by that in sprouts, shoots, and roots. Indole GSL concentration was the highest in the root or shoot tissues in most of the crops. In contrast, aromatic GSL concentrations were highest in roots. Of the nine crops examined, broccoli exhibited the highest total GSL concentration in seeds (110.76 µmol·g(-1)) and sprouts (162.19 µmol·g(-1)), whereas leaf mustard exhibited the highest total GSL concentration in shoots (61.76 µmol·g(-1)) and roots (73.61 µmol·g(-1)). The lowest GSL concentrations were observed in radish across all tissues examined.
Effects of Long-term Metformin and Lifestyle Interventions on Cardiovascular Events in the Diabetes Prevention Program and Its Outcome Study (2022)

gov; Unique identifiers: DPP (NCT00004992) and DPPOS (NCT00038727).
A Study on Strength of Toothed Belt : 6th report, Behavior of Belt and Pulley Tooth at Incomplete Meshing Region (1981)

In this paper, the interference between belt tooth and pulley tooth at the incomplete meshing region of toothed belt drives is numerically calculated by using the analytical method mentioned in the 4th report, and the influence of the radius of the tip corner rounding and the pressure angle of belt and pulley tooth on the interference is discussed. Also, the authors discuss experimentally on the effect of the radius of the tip corner rounding of pulley tooth on the fatigue strength of L type polyurethane and polychloroprene rubber belt, and the displacement of the belt pitch line depending on the load and the frictional force acting on belt tooth at the incomplete meshing region. Further, the sliding velocity of the contacting point of belt tooth and pulley tooth is calculated and the total nominal stress at the bottom land corner of belt tooth is discussed.
Changes in the glutathione content of rat 9L cells induced by treatment with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine. (1987)

Treatment of 9L cells with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) depletes cells of putrescine and spermidine and sensitizes cells to the cytotoxic effects of the alkylating agent 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea. Because depletion of intracellular levels of the sulfhydryl compound glutathione also increases the cytotoxicity of alkylating agents, the effect of DFMO on intracellular glutathione content was investigated to determine whether DFMO-induced sensitization could be explained by a sulfhydryl-related mechanism. Treatment of 9L cells with 1 mM DFMO caused no change in the glutathione concentration within 48 h; sensitization of cells to 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea is generally studied after 48 h of treatment with DFMO. Incubation of cells with DFMO for longer periods caused an increase in glutathione that is related to the depletion of polyamines and not to a decrease in growth rate or a cell cycle effect. Increased glutathione content is not due to a decrease in glutathione catabolism, but rather to an apparent increase in the rate of synthesis of the tripeptide.
Clinical Nuclear Medicine (2007)

This book on clinical nuclear medicine imaging, edited by experts from the United Kingdom, is the fourth edition. The book has a distinctly European flavor, contains 3 sections and 21 chapters, and is hefty, with a total of 915 pages, including tables, black and white figures, and color plates. As
Directive Reconfigurable Fabry-Perot Cavity Antenna for Space Applications (2018)

A reconfigurable Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity antenna is proposed in this letter. The antenna is composed of a ground plane and a reconfigurable metasurface used as partially reflective surface (PRS). By considering the possibility of incorporating electronic components in the metasurface, reconfigurability mechanism can be achieved. We start by designing a FP cavity that presents a directive beam along boresight direction. Then, by modulating the phase profile along the metasurface we show that the main beam can be steered to an off-normal direction.
OC-012 Do inflammatory polyps show features associated with the early stages of malignant progression? (2015)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Inflammatory polyps (IP) are associated with chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Colonoscopic surveillance programmes do not always consider IP to be important and their presence is recorded incompletely. Here, IPs were assessed for features of malignant change. The aims were to: assess the spatial and temporal relationship between IP and pre-malignant and malignant lesions; examine proliferation rates and stem cell compartment expansion of IP crypts; and compare microRNA (miRNA) profiles in inflammation, dysplasia and IP. <h3>Method</h3> A retrospective case-control observational study of IBD patients from Bart’s Health NHS Trust, Queens University, University College London and The Homerton University Hospitals assessed the spatial and temporal relationship between IP and lesions. IP crypts (n = 30) with matched normal tissue were analysed for proliferation rates and stem cell compartment expansion using immunohistochemistry (Ki67) and <i><i>in situ</i></i>hybridisation (LGR5). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) profiles for inflammation, dysplasia and IP were determined using NanoString nCounter Analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Sporadic adenoma (n = 41) was significantly associated with IP (38/41; p &lt; 0.0001). In 21% (12/58) of cases, pre-malignant lesions (sporadic adenoma, hyperplastic polyp, flat dyplasia and dysplasia associated lymphoid mass) or carcinoma developed at a recorded IP site. In 38% of cases (5/13), cancer developed in a previous IP site. The Ki67 proliferation index was significantly higher in IP (p &lt; 0.005) than controls (29.2% vs. 23%). There was a limited increase in <i>LGR5<sup>+</sup></i>stem cell numbers in IP crypts. Thirty-six differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in three groups (IBD-IP; IBD-dysplasia; IBD-inactive/active (adjusted p-value &lt;0.05). Fourteen miRNAs were upregulated in IBD-IP compared to IBD and IBD-dysplasia including miR-493, miR-29a and miR-29c all involved in cancer and/or IBD. <h3>Conclusion</h3> IP have characteristics typical of malignant progression: increased cellular proliferation and possibly limited expansion of the stem cell compartment. Microarray profiles can distinguish IBD mucosa from dysplasia and IP. Combined with our previous observation of somatic mutations in IP, these findings suggest IPs are not benign entities and may be associated with increased risk of neoplasia. IPs require investigation to identify biomarkers for stratification of cancer risk in IBD patients. <h3>Disclosure of interest</h3> None Declared.
GaAs nonlinear transmission lines for picosecond pulse generation and millimeter-wave sampling (1991)

The GaAs nonlinear transmission line (NLTL) is a monolithic millimeter-wave integrated circuit consisting of a high-impedance transmission line loaded by reverse-biased Schottky contacts. The engineering of functional monolithic NLTLs is considered. Through generation of shock waves on the NLTL, the authors have generated electrical step functions with approximately 5 V magnitude and less than 1.4 ps fall time. Diode sampling bridges strobed by NLTL shock-wave generators have attained bandwidths approaching 300 GHz and have applications in instruments for millimeter-wave waveform and network measurements. The authors discuss the circuit design and diode design requirements for picosecond NLTL shock-wave generators and NLTL-driven sampling circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fiber sensing using wavelength-swept lasers: A compressed sampling approach (2015)

A compressive sampling (CS) technique for wavelength-swept fiber sensing is presented. Fiber sensors embedded into composite materials are key elements in smart structures and wavelength-swept lasers provide a favorably high local SNR. The vast amount of data produced by these systems can be handled by CS-based acquisition while sparse processing techniques provide high-resolution capabilities. We identify an appropriate overcomplete dictionary for wavelength-swept fiber sensing and adopt an adaptive OMP algorithm to alleviate the problem of coherent dictionary atoms. The presented technique incorporates an iterative method to estimate uncertain model parameters based on minimizing the residual signal. It features superior performance as compared to the case where a simplified Gaussian model is used and works successfully for simulated and experimental data at moderate SNRs.
Combination of Lithography and Coating Methods for Surface Wetting Control (2013)

In recent years, many different lithographic approaches have been applied in order to fabricate micro and nano-structures which are successfully used for the formation of surfaces with special wetting properties [1,2]. In fact, the modification of the surface roughness in the micron, sub-micron and nano-scale with or without chemical treatment, results in surfaces with controlled wetting properties exhibiting the extreme limits (e.g. superhydrophobic, superhy‐ drophilic surfaces) [3-5]. In this work, we examine different approaches in order to achieve such patterned surfaces with tunable wetting characteristics. In particular, we fabricate microrough substrates by using different lithographic techniques. As an additional step, these substrates are coated with different types of sub-micrometer particles or nanoparticles (NPs) (organic or inorganic) in order to achieve the desired chemical modification and to induce submicron or nano-roughness to the surfaces. Specifically, the coatings consist of polyte‐ fluoroethylene (PTFE) sub-micrometer particles and iron oxide colloidal NPs and they are applied by using triboelectric (fricition induced) or spray deposition. Apart from their interesting wetting properties from the theoretical point of view, such type of surfaces can be used in various applications such as in biological scaffolds, microfluidics, lab-on-a-chip devices and aerospace vehicles [6-9].
Prevention of experimental antibiotic-associated diarrhea by Clostridium butyricum. (1988)

A golden-hamster model of antimicrobial agent-associated lethal enterocolitis was produced by oral administration of cef atrizine (CFT). In all diarrheal and dead animals, the striking finding at necropsy was enterocolitis in which the cecum and distal ileum were greatly distended with fluid: toxigenic Clostridium difficile was detected at 108 CFU/head or greater. Bacteria-free cecal filtrate and culture filtrate of C. difficile isolated from the cecal contents of diarrheal animals exhibited lethal toxicity to normal hamsters. A single oral administration of CFT (75mg/kg) produced lethal enterocolitis in 17 of 20 animals during a one-month period of observation.Clostridium butyricum Miyairi (CbM), spores, used as an enteroregulator, were investigated for their potential to prevent the lethal enterocolitis in this model. Animals were administrated CbM orally (109 CFU/day) for three consecutive days after CFT challenge, and this prevented death in 16 of 20 animals during one mouth of observation. These results suggest that CbM has a preventive effect against lethal enterocolitis in this model.
Next generation on-chip networks (2010)

In this paper, we present network-on-chip (NoC) design and contrast it to traditional network design, highlighting core differences between NoCs and traditional networks. As an initial case study, we examine network congestion in bufferless NoCs. We show that congestion manifests itself differently in a NoC than in a traditional network, and with application-level awareness in the network to make proper throttling decisions we improve system performance by up to 28%. It is our hope that the unique and interesting challenges of on-chip network design can be met by novel and effective solutions from the networking community.
The Mechanism of PAK Activation (2001)

The p21-activated kinases (PAKs), in common with many kinases, undergo multiple autophosphorylation events upon interaction with appropriate activators. The Cdc42-induced phosphorylation of PAK serves in part to dissociate the kinase from its partners PIX and Nck. Here we investigate in detail how autophosphorylation events affect the catalytic activity of PAK by altering the autophosphorylation sites in both alpha- and betaPAK. Both in vivo and in vitro analyses demonstrate that, although most phosphorylation events in the PAK N-terminal regulatory domain play no direct role in activation, a phosphorylation of alphaPAK serine 144 or betaPAK serine 139, which lie in the kinase inhibitory domain, significantly contribute to activation. By contrast, sphingosine-mediated activation is independent of this residue, indicating a different mode of activation. Thus two autophosphorylation sites direct activation while three others control association with focal complexes via PIX and Nck.
Regulation of Fibrocyte‐derived CXC Chemokine Receptor 4 (CXCR4) by Hypoxia and the Phosphatidylinositol 3‐Kinase (PI‐3‐K)/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway (2007)

The major contributing cell to pulmonary fibrosis is the fibroblast/myofibroblast. Circulating cells with characteristics of a mesenchymal progenitor cell (i.e., fibrocytes) have been found to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis by a mechanism of specific trafficking and extravasation into the lung using CXCR4/CXCL12. On the basis of the importance of this biological axis in the extravasation of fibrocytes into the lung during pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, we hypothesized that targeting expression of CXCR4 on these cells would impact on their ability to traffic to the lung. Recognizing that hypoxia through induction of hypoxia inducible factor‐1 alpha (HIF‐1a) has been shown to regulate the expression of CXCR4 on other cells, we found that fibrocytes isolated from peripheral blood increased their expression of CXCR4 in response to hypoxia. This increased expression correlated with an increase in transcriptional activity of HIF‐1a at the CXCR4 promoter. We further characterized the signaling pathway and found that inhibition of PI‐3‐K by LY294002 reversed hypoxia‐induced CXCR4 expression. Inhibition of mTOR, which is downstream of PI‐3‐K, by rapamycin also blocked increased CXCR4 expression due to hypoxia. We also found increased fibrocyte numbers in the blood and lung of mice exposed to bleomycin, and the inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin attenuated both the circulating number and the magnitude of extravasating fibrocytes into the lung. These studies support the notion that CXCR4/CXCL12 biological axis is important in fibrocyte trafficking to the lung, and pharmacological attenuation of this axis can reduce circulating fibrocytes and impact the magnitude of pulmonary fibrosis.
The effect of a phasic oral contraceptive containing Desogestrel on seborrhea and acne (2006)

Novial effectively reduces seborrhea after only four cycles of treatment and may be a suitable oral contraceptive for women wishing to improve their facial skin condition.