gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PERCEPTION OF PATTERNS AFTER DIGITAL PROCESSING OF LOW-CONTRAST IMAGES, THE CASE OF THE SHROUD OF TURIN (2012)

We discuss the link between visual perception and the potentially misleading effect of software techniques for elaborating low-contrast images. In particular, we present the example of the stains embedded into one of the most studied archaeological objects in history, the Shroud of Turin. We show for the first time that image processing of both old and recent photographs of the Shroud may lead some researchers to perceive inscriptions and patterns that do not actually exist, confirming that there is a narrow boundary line between image enhancement and manipulation.
The realistic network evolution towards third generation mobile communications (2002)

The growth in mobile communications has seen the market expand from just mobile telephony to include greater data and multi-media content. The availability of increased spectrum for the launch of UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) has enabled the vision of seamless mass market, multi-media mobile telecommunications to be a realisable goal. UMTS will be designed to support full mobility, multi environment access and the holy grail of the virtual home environment (VHE: the ability of a visited network to appear like the user's "home" environment). This paper proposes technical evolution steps towards UMTS that can enable operators to evolve their present network technologies to support the future service, capability and market needs of the VHE/UMTS user from their GSM platforms. By addressing and incorporating the technology steps and issues highlighted in this paper, the evolved networks will be able to develop UMTS support in a smooth evolutionary manner rather than a costly revolutionary or bespoke development approach.
ChemInform Abstract: A Large, Laboratory‐Scale Synthesis of [4‐(2‐(2H)‐Tetrahydropyranyloxy)phenyl]boronic Acid (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Piloting on the Edge: Approaches to Flight Control Solutions (2011)

Flying near the edge of the safe operating envelope is an inherently unsafe proposition. Space missions, especially one-of-a-kind missions in which uncertainties are common, need technologies that can sustain flight at the "edge" of the stability and performance envelope of the spacecraft. Edge of the envelope here implies that small changes or disturbances in system state or system dynamics can take the system out of the safe envelope in a short time and could result in catastrophic failures. Performance that fully exploits available resources to maintain safe flight in the midst of either greater uncertainty or greater needed performance than originally planned is non trivial. In this paper, we outline two novel control concepts that are well suited for enabling edge of the envelope flight. The outlined technologies work with both piloted and autonomous applications.
Safety-Engineered Devices in 2012: The Critical Role of Healthcare Workers in Device Selection (2013)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
A randomized controlled study comparing elemental diet and steroid treatment in Crohn's disease (1997)

These data suggest that, in the short term, an oral elemental diet is at least as effective as steroids in inducing remission of mild-moderately active Crohn's disease, but it may be more effective in improving the nutritional status of these patients, probably through a more rapid restoration of normal intestinal permeability.
Eudragit® microparticles as a possible tool for ophthalmic administration of acyclovir (2007)

This paper describes the production and characterization of polyacrylic polymer (Eudragit RL, RS and NE) microparticles by spray drying method. Microparticles were designed for ophthalmic administration of acyclovir. Microparticle morphology was characterized by optical and electron microscopy. The release kinetics of the drug from microspheres were determined by a dialysis method. The spray drying method described allows the production of microparticles with acceptable encapsulation efficiency and appropriate dimensional characteristics for ophthalmic administration. Release profile data indicate that acyclovir is released from microparticles in a controlled manner. In addition the release pattern of the drug is influenced by the type of Eudragit used for microparticle production. Moreover the plaque reduction efficiency of acyclovir containing microparticles (except for RS/NE microspheres) is comparable to that displayed by the free drug. Finally our results suggest that acyclovir containing microparticles could represent an interesting system for the release of this antiviral drug at the eye site.
CVSS: A Cost-Efficient and QoS-Aware Video Streaming Using Cloud Services (2016)

Video streams, either in form of on-demand streaming or live streaming, usually have to be converted (i.e., transcoded) based on the characteristics of clients' devices (e.g., spatial resolution, network bandwidth, and supported formats). Transcoding is a computationally expensive and time-consuming operation, therefore, streaming service providers currently store numerous transcoded versions of the same video to serve different types of client devices. Due to the expense of maintaining and upgrading storage and computing infrastructures, many streaming service providers (e.g., Netflix) recently are becoming reliant on cloud services. However, the challenge in utilizing cloud services for video transcoding is how to deploy cloud resources in a cost-efficient manner without any major impact on the quality of video streams. To address this challenge, in this paper, we present the Cloud-based Video Streaming Service (CVSS) architecture to transcode video streams in an on-demand manner. The architecture provides a platform for streaming service providers to utilize cloud resources in a cost-efficient manner and with respect to the Quality of Service (QoS) demands of video streams. In particular, the architecture includes a QoS-aware scheduling method to efficiently map video streams to cloud resources, and a cost-aware dynamic (i.e., elastic) resource provisioning policy that adapts the resource acquisition with respect to the video streaming QoS demands. Simulation results based on realistic cloud traces and with various workload conditions, demonstrate that the CVSS architecture can satisfy video streaming QoS demands and reduces the incurred cost of stream providers up to 70%.
A New Monoclonal Anti-CD7 Antibody Reactive on Paraffin Sections (2001)

CBC.37 monoclonal antibody (mAb) was generated using balb/c mice immunized with CEM T cell line. It was selected because of its strong reactivity on T lymphocytes on paraffin tissue sections. The anti-CD7 specificity of CBC.37 mAb was assessed by immunohistochemistry, cross-blocking, and cross-immunoprecipitation experiments using CBC.37 and the anti-CD7 mAb DK24. CBC.37 mAb immunoprecipitated a 40-kDa protein. Cross-blocking and cross-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that the two antibodies recognized the same molecule. Immunostaining of a large number of reactive lymph nodes and B and T cell lymphomas confirms that CBC.37 mAb was directed against T cells. As expected, on reactive lymph nodes the staining pattern was comparable to that of CD3. Among the 110 T cell lymphomas examined, all T lymphoblastic lymphomas were positive (15+/15; 100%). As a result of the frequent loss of CD7 antigen, only 25+/95 (26%) of peripheral T cell neoplasms were found to be positive for CBC.37. A marked reduction in the number of CBC.37-positive T cells was observed in 7 of the 60 cases of benign inflammatory dermatoses studied (approximately 12%). CBC.37 was unreactive with all healthy and neoplastic non-lymphoid samples examined. Because the lack of CD7 expression in T cell lymphomas is of diagnostic value, CBC.37 mAb in association with other anti-T cell antibodies working on paraffin sections could be of particular value in asserting the diagnosis of T cell lymphomas in routine histopathology.
Information analysis of single photon emission computed tomography with count losses (1990)

An analysis is presented of the information transfer from emitter-space to detector-space in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) systems. The analysis takes into account the fact that count loss side information is generally not available at the detector. Side information corresponds to the number gamma -rays lost deleted due to lack of interaction with the detector data. It is shown that the information transfer depends on the structure of the likelihood function of the emitter locations associated with the detector data. This likelihood function is the average of a set of ideal-detection likelihood functions, each matched to a particular set of possible deleted gamma -ray paths. A lower bound is derived for the information gain due to incorporating the count loss side information at the detector. This is shown to be significant when the mean emission rate is small or when the gamma -ray deletion probability is strongly dependent on emitter location. Numerical evaluations of the mutual information, with and without side information, associated with information-optimal apertures and uniform parallel-hole collimators are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Taxonomy of the Chlamydiae: Reasons for Classifying Organisms of the Genus Chlamydia, Family Chlamydiaceae, in a Separate Order, Chlamydiales ord. nov. (1971)

It is proposed that the family Chlamydiaceae, which contains only one recognized genus, Chlamydia, be placed in a new order, Chlamydiales, coordinate with Rickettsiales Buchanan and Buchanan 1938. The principal argument for this change is that chlamydiae multiply by a developmental cycle that is unique among all other forms of bacteria.
West Nile Virus Infection in Human and Mouse Cornea Tissue (2016)

The purpose of this study was to determine the in vitro and ex vivo susceptibility of human corneal cells to West Nile virus (WNV) infection and evaluate the ability of the virus to disseminate to the corneas of infected mice. Human corneal epithelial cells were challenged with WNV, incubated for 1-6 days, and tested for evidence of WNV infection. Viral RNA and antigen were detected at every time point, and the virus reached a peak titer of 2.5 × 10<sup>7</sup> plaque-forming units (pfu)/mL at 3 days postinoculation (PI). Corneas procured from donors were incubated in culture dishes containing WNV for 1-5 days and tested for evidence of WNV. Viral RNA and antigen were detected, and the virus reached a mean peak titer of 4.9 × 10<sup>4</sup> pfu/mL at 5 days PI. Mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with WNV, and their eyes were harvested at 2, 5, and 8 days PI and tested for evidence of WNV. Viral RNA was detected in corneas of four of nine systemically infected mice as early as 2 days PI. We conclude that human corneal cells support WNV replication in vitro and ex vivo, and WNV may disseminate into the corneas of experimentally infected mice. These findings indicate that corneal transmission cannot be ruled out as a novel mode of human-to-human WNV transmission and additional experiments should be conducted to assess this risk further.
Is it Time for Reviewer 3 to Request Human Organ Chip Experiments Instead of Animal Validation Studies? (2020)

For the past century, experimental data obtained from animal studies have been required by reviewers of scientific articles and grant applications to validate the physiological relevance of in vitro results. At the same time, pharmaceutical researchers and regulatory agencies recognize that results from preclinical animal models frequently fail to predict drug responses in humans. This <i>Progress Report</i> reviews recent advances in human organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) microfluidic culture technology, both with single Organ Chips and fluidically coupled human "Body-on-Chips" platforms, which demonstrate their ability to recapitulate human physiology and disease states, as well as human patient responses to clinically relevant drug pharmacokinetic exposures, with higher fidelity than other in vitro models or animal studies. These findings raise the question of whether continuing to require results of animal testing for publication or grant funding still makes scientific or ethical sense, and if more physiologically relevant human Organ Chip models might better serve this purpose. This issue is addressed in this article in context of the history of the field, and advantages and disadvantages of Organ Chip approaches versus animal models are discussed that should be considered by the wider research community.
Combined epirubicin and vinorelbine as first-line therapy in metastatic breast cancer: a pilot study performed by the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (2003)

The publisher regrets that this is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in The Breast, 12 (2003) 42-50, doi:10.1016/S0960-9776(02)00180-7. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn.
Analysis of the use of digital road maps in vehicle navigation (2002)

Digital road maps are being used increasingly throughout the world as they become more available. Five major digital road map suppliers are focusing their efforts on producing databases that support vehicle navigation functions. Of a total of 147 vehicle navigation systems in the world, 89 use in-vehicle maps, of which, 35 employ map matching, and 31 offer real-time route guidance. Vehicle navigation systems are limited by the maps they use, so the availability of inexpensive, complete and seamless navigable digital road maps remains as an impediment to the wider use of vehicle navigation systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
What`s all this electric car stuff, anyhow? (1994)

The author discusses some of the drawbacks to owning and operating an electric powered automobile. Then he attempts to re-design the electric automobile by adding a small propane heater, and a propane, gasoline or diesel engine and generator set. It appears this concept has been patented by the Japanese. Finally, the author suggests flywheel energy storage instead of batteries. Institutional factors, such as the tax code, may be hindering the desirability of the electric car.
Lipid Nanoparticles to Deliver miRNA in Cancer (2016)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of post-transcriptional gene expression modulators. In the past two decades, over 1500 human miRNAs were discovered. These small non-coding RNAs regulate various biological processes, including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death. Thus, miRNAs have been proposed as new therapeutical agents in different multifactorial diseases such as cancer. Since miRNAs therapies represent a great promise, many research studies have been focused on the development of delivery strategies to overcome miRNAs biopharmaceutical issues. Lipid delivery systems are undoubtedly the non-viral carriers most largely investigated due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, easy production, low toxicity and immunogenicity, possibility to easily modify the carriers for targeting strategies. In this mini-review we provide a rapid and updated overview on the lipid delivery system currently used to deliver miRNAs, pointing out the progresses achieved in the optimization of these nanovectors, which led up to the first clinical trial.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Hydride Mediated Intramolecular Pinacol Coupling of Dialdehydes and Ketoaldehydes. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effects of cadmium and lead ions on protein synthesis in mouse organs (2010)

Bibliogr.: p. 176-177
Syntisis of 4-Demethoxy-7, 11-dideoxydaunomycinone (1983)

Abstract Our continued interest in the total synthesis of natural and unnatural antitumor anthracyclines1 especially the aglycones such as daunomycinone (1)2 and 4-demethoxydaunomycinone (2)3, 11-deoxydaunomycinone (3)4 and 4-demethoxy-11-deoxydaunomycinone (4)5 led us to probe methods of obtaining these products of absolute enantitomeric purity. Earlier it was demonstrated that the AB ring synthon 5 having a chiral centre on fusion with phthalic anhydride gave 4-demethoxy-7-deoxy-daunomycinone (6) with no loss of optical purity6 and the same was further transformed to 2 [7-(S)-9(S)].
Influence of the dynamic Stark effect on the small-signal gain of optically pumped 4.3-μm CO2 lasers (1985)

Experimental results are presented which show that the dynamic Stark effect significantly reduces the small-signal gain (in discharge-excited CO2) and absorption (in unexcited CO2) at the line center of 4.3-μm laser lines directly coupled to 10.4-μm sequence-band pump transitions. In unexcited CO2, population transfer by the pump radiation is negligible and the influence of coherent effects can be observed unambiguously. The results of comparing experiment and theory in this simple case are used to modify a rate-equation model of the 4.3-μm gain dynamics, and the modified calculations are shown to be in good agreement with measured 4.3-μm gain coefficients.
Using Shear-wave Velocity to Detect Void-induced Changes in Stress (2009)

Shear-wave velocity is directly related to stress; therefore, changes in stress may result in observable shear-wave velocity variations detectable using surface seismic methods. Shear-wave reflection and surface wave data were analyzed from multiple sites containing subsurface voids. Changes in shear-wave reflection velocity correlate to known subsurface conditions, including increased velocity over unstable voids with potential for roof collapse and decreased velocity over voids that have already experienced failure, forming sinkholes at the surface. Shear-wave velocity profiles inverted from surface wave data also show low-velocity anomalies with overlying high-velocity closures indicative of a subsurface void and associated increased stress on the supporting walls and roof rock. Shear-wave velocity may serve as an indicator of void presence and increased failure potential associated with stress build up, which may aid in public safety and remediation efforts in void-prone areas.
Transport of .alpha.- and .beta.-D-glucose by the intact human red cell (1985)

The kinetics of alpha- and beta-D-glucose mutarotation and the transport of these anomers by intact human red cells were determined at 0.6 and 36.6 degrees C. The mutarotation coefficients for alpha- and beta-D-glucose in cell-free tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane medium (pH 7.4) at 0.6 degrees C are (2.25 +/- 0.2) and (1.73 +/- 0.42) X 10(-3) min-1, respectively, and at 36.6 degrees C are (69 +/- 12) and (75 +/- 5) X 10(-3) min-1, respectively. These values are in good agreement with previous estimates. At 0.6 degrees C, the red cell contains no detectable mutarotase activity. Initial rates of sugar uptake were measured by using radiolabeled D-glucose and time courses of uptake by turbidimetry. The time courses of alpha- and beta-D-glucose and an equilibrium mixture of alpha- and beta-D-glucose infinite-cis entry are identical at 0.66 degrees C (n = 41) where negligible mutarotation is observed. The apparent Ki values for inhibition of radiolabeled D-glucose initial uptake by unlabeled alpha- or beta-D-glucose at 0.6 degrees C are identical (1.6 mM). The calculated Vmax parameters for uptake of the radiolabeled anomers at this temperature are also indistinguishable. The time courses of infinite-cis alpha- and beta-D-glucose uptake at 36.66 degrees C are identical (n = 40). While D-glucose mutarotation is more rapid at this temperature, the anomers of D-glucose are not transported differently by the red cell hexose transfer system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Unequal error protection in enabled DiffSer networks (2008)

In this paper, we study a mechanism which allows the sender application to mark video packets based on its importance in reconstructing the video. Passing such video frames to differentiated service (DiffServ) network increases the video quality and treats the video frames based on their priorities. A media aware sub-layer has been added to the edge routers in DiffServ network. The media aware sub-layer has the responsibility to cache high priority video frames. We demonstrate through simulation that the proposed mechanism decreases the average packet delay, and the packet loss. This in turn produces a better video quality at the clients than produced under the existing techniques.
Forced convection in a rapidly rotating annulus (1982)

The source-sink flow within a rapidly rotating annular region, bounded by a pair of concentric circular cylinders and by horizontal end plates, is considered. Fluid is injected into the container at arbitrary locations on the inner radius and withdrawn at one or more locations on either the inner or outer radius, through axisymmetric slots. The upper end wall is maintained at a higher constant temperature than the bottom end plate, while the vertical side walls are thermally insulated; the entire apparatus is rapidly rotating about the common axis of the cylinders. An analysis of the flow and temperature distribution is carried out in the context of the Boussinesq approximation and by assuming that vertical buoyancy effects are negligible to leading order. A method for calculation of the temperature distribution within the container is developed for physical situations where the effects of the imposed thermal gradient and the source-sink flow are of comparable magnitudes; the procedure is applicable for an arbitrary distribution of sources and sinks on the side walls. The temperature problem is an unusual complicated boundary-value problem, and numerical solutions are obtained for a number of different cases. The results reveal a number of interesting flows and temperature fields within the container and indicate how the temperature field is influenced by the placement and temperature of the sources and sinks, as well as by the relative magnitudes of the imposed forced flow and vertical thermal gradient. The possible application of the present theory to centrifuges is indicated.
Management of common symptoms in terminally ill patients: Part II. Constipation, delirium and dyspnea. (2001)

In addition to pain, patients who are approaching the end of life commonly have other symptoms. Unless contraindicated, prophylaxis with a gastrointestinal motility stimulant laxative and a stool softener is appropriate in terminally ill patients who are being given opioids. Patients with low performance status are not candidates for surgical treatment of bowel obstruction. Cramping abdominal pain associated with mechanical bowel obstruction often can be managed with morphine (titrating the dosage for pain) and octreotide. Delirium is common at the end of life and is frequently caused by a combination of medications, dehydration, infections or hypoxia. Haloperidol is the pharmaceutical agent of choice for the management of delirium. Dyspnea, the subjective sensation of uncomfortable breathing, is often treated by titration of an opioid to relieve the symptom; a benzodiazepine is used when anxiety is a component of the breathlessness.