gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lasing in the UV, IR and visible spectral ranges in a runaway-electron-preionised diffuse dischrage (2013)

Lasers on the mixtures of inert gases, , , and nitrogen with and (or) are studied under pumping by the volume (diffusive) discharge formed in a nonuniform electric field due to runaway-electron preionisation. Generation in the IR, visible and UV spectral ranges is obtained on atomic transitions of , and , and on molecular transitions of , , and . It is shown that in , and mixtures the generation efficiency approaches the limiting values.
Targeting HuR-Vav3 mRNA interaction prevents Pseudomonas aeruginosa adhesion to the cystic fibrosis airway epithelium (2023)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by chronic bacterial infections leading to progressive bronchiectasis and respiratory failure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) is the predominant opportunistic pathogen infecting the CF airways. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Vav3 plays a critical role in Pa adhesion to the CF airways by inducing luminal fibronectin deposition that favors bacteria trapping. Here we report that Vav3 overexpression in CF is caused by upregulation of the mRNA-stabilizing protein HuR. We found that HuR accumulates in the cytoplasm of CF airway epithelial cells and that it binds to and stabilizes Vav3 mRNA. Interestingly, disruption of the HuR-Vav3 mRNA interaction improved the CF epithelial integrity, inhibited the formation of the fibronectin-made bacterial docking platforms, and prevented Pa adhesion to the CF airway epithelium. These findings indicate that targeting HuR represents a promising antiadhesive approach in CF that can prevent initial stages of Pa infection in a context of emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens.
In Vitro Effects of Dehydrotrametenolic Acid on Skin Barrier Function (2019)

Dehydrotrametenolic acid (DTA) is a lanostane-type triterpene acid isolated from <i>Poria cocos</i> Wolf (Polyporaceae). Several studies have reported the anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects of DTA; however, its effects on the skin are poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of DTA on skin barrier function in vitro and its regulatory mechanism in human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT cells. DTA increased the microRNA (mRNA) expression of natural moisturizing factor-related genes, such as HAS-2, HAS-3, and AQP3 in HaCaT cells. DTA also upregulated the mRNA expression of various keratinocyte differentiation markers, including TGM-1, involucrin, and caspase-14. Moreover, the protein expression of HAS-2, HAS-3, and TGM-2 were significantly increased by DTA. To examine the regulatory mechanisms of DTA, Western blotting, luciferase-reporter assays, and RT-PCR were conducted. The phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and IκBα were increased in DTA-treated HaCaT cells. In addition, AP-1 and NF-κB transcriptional factors were dose-dependently activated by DTA. Taken together, our in vitro mechanism studies indicate that the regulatory effects of DTA on skin hydration and keratinocyte differentiation are mediated by the MAPK/AP-1 and IκBα/NF-κB pathways. In addition, DTA could be a promising ingredient in cosmetics for moisturizing and increased skin barrier function.
Small-Molecule Protein Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer (2011)

The microenvironment is critical to the growth of prostate cancer (PCa) in the bone. Thus, for clinical efficacy, therapies must target tumor-microenvironment interactions. Several protein tyrosine kinases have been implicated in the development and growth of PCa bone metastasis. In this review, specific protein tyrosine kinases that regulate these complex interactions, including PDGFR, the EGFR family, c-Src, VEGFR, IGF-1R, FGFR and c-Met will be discussed, with an emphasis on why these kinases are promising therapeutic targets for metastatic PCa treatment. For each of these kinases, small-molecule inhibitors have reached clinical trials. Current results of these trials and future prospects for the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of PCa bone metastases are also discussed.
Simulation and test of faults in WSI interconnect systems (2003)

Different fault mechanisms in interconnect systems are considered, and their fault behavior is discussed. To diagnose these faults by a digital test, special features of test pattern choice and design modifications are proposed. In contrast with existing tests for VLSI circuits, the specific dynamic behavior of large line systems in wafer-scale integration (WSI) must be taken into account. Analog simulations for opens, shorts, and delay faults were necessary. A special simulator called LISIM was used, since existing tools have proved to be of little value for simulating lossy line systems. From these results a fault diagnosis by a digital test turns out to be problematic, since a safe diagnosis of the considered faults is not guaranteed. In some cases this problem can be avoided by applying special test patterns. Additionally, design modifications are proposed, so that all these types of faults can be detected. The modifications do not affect the signal-to-noise ratio more than usual designs, and do not lend to an additional delay.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Refraction by the Electromagnetic Pump of Parametrically Generated Electrostatic Waves (1973)

In certain ionospheric and laboratory parametric-decay-instability experiments, pump-dependent refraction modifies the nature of the instabilities. In the ionosphere, electrostatic waves cna be trapped in the gradients of the high-frequency pump. In the laboratory the refraction, and hence the convective nature of the instability, is determined completely by the pump. These simple examples suggest that pump-energy absorption may be enhanced by tailoring the pump profile to create a nonconvective instability.
<title>MAHEM: a multiprocessor engine for fast contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization</title> (1990)

variant of AHE, theresult value of a pixel is computed as a weighted average of itsinitial value and its rank within its contextual region; the amount ofcontrast in that area of the image determines the weighting. CLAHEhas been found useful in enhancing images from a variety of imagingmodalities, including Computed Tomography (CT; see Figure 1), MagneticResonance Imaging (MRI) ,
The impact of surface states on the DC and RF characteristics of AlGaN/GaN HFETs (2001)

GaN based HFETs are of tremendous interest in applications requiring high power at microwave frequencies. Although excellent current-voltage (I-V) characteristics and record high output power densities at microwave frequencies have been achieved, the origin of the 2DEG and the factors limiting the output power and reliability of the devices under high power operation remain uncertain. Drain current collapse has been the major obstacle in the development of reliable high power devices. We show that the cause of current collapse is a charging up of a second virtual gate, physically located in the gate drain access region. Due to the large bias voltages present on the device during a microwave power measurement, surface states in the vicinity of the gate trap electrons, thus acting as a negatively charged virtual gate. The maximum current available from a device during a microwave power measurement is limited by the discharging of this virtual gate. Passivated devices located adjacent to unpassivated devices on the same wafer show almost no current collapse, thus demonstrating that proper surface passivation prevents the formation of the virtual gate. The possible mechanisms by which a surface passivant reduces current collapse and the factors affecting reliability and stability of such a passivant are discussed.
Supplementary Methods and Figure Legends from Hypoxia-Induced VISTA Promotes the Suppressive Function of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods and Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
Essential fatty acids and early life programming in meat-type birds (2011)

Egg fat is of considerable importance in the nutrition of the developing chick as a source of energy and essential fatty acids such as linoleic (18:2 n-6) and α-linolenic (18:3 n-3) acids. During incubation, yolk lipids provide fatty acids that are utilized for energy, synthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)-rich membrane phospholipids, and eicosanoids by the embryo. Eicosanoids derived from n-6 fatty acid are more potent and pro-inflammatory than eicosanoids derived from n-3 fatty acids.Two models of early life programming as affected by n-3 PUFA are investigated. Egg PUFA enrichment through breeder hen diet (pre-hatch or in ovo) or early post-hatch (within first 5 hours) feeding is investigated. Early access to nutrients (pre- and early post-hatch) is important because in broiler hatchlings that are selected for rapid early growth much of the immune system development occurs early in life. However, the current industry practice of feeding breeding hens diets high in n-6 fatty acids, limits the supply of essential n-3 PUFA in the hatchling. Early access to n-3 PUFA through in ovo or early post-hatch diet led to: (1) increase in the retention of n-3 PUFA in cell membranes, (2) reduction in plasma non-esterified fatty acids, (3) reduced production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids, (4) suppression of cell-mediated immunity, and (5) alteration in cyclooxygenase-2 protein expression. The effects of an early exposure persisted from 14 to 35 days in different tissues and cells.Given the fact that broiler birds are raised for 39 to 56 days, and that the effect of pre-hatch and early post-hatch nutrition persists for up to and over 36–47% of post-hatch life, using an early life programming approach will generate new knowledge about the role of maternal and early post-hatch diet in enhancing bird health and welfare.
Auditory brainstem response (ABR) and effects of furosemide on ABR in conscious F344 rats. (1996)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the variations in the normal auditory brainstem response (ABR) between the F344 and Wistar rats. It was also investigated whether strain differences exist in the ABR profiles of each strain of rat given furosemide, which induced ototoxicity. The typical waveform of ABRs in the F344 rats were similar to those observed in the Wistar rats. There were no significant differences between the strains in almost all parameters, but peak latencies from P1 to P3 in the F344 rats tended to be longer than those in the Wistar rats. After a single intravenous injection of furosemide, the minimum effective dosage levels, at which each peak of the ABR disappeared, were 53.3 +/- 8.2 and 70.0 +/- 8.9 mg/kg in the F344 and Wistar rats, respectively. A single intravenous injection of 100 mg/kg furosemide delayed the reversal of decrease in amplitude, prolongation of peak latency and the reappearance time in F344 rats. Thus, the normal waveform of ABR was comparable in the F344 and Wistar rats, but a tendency towards a prolongation in each latency was noted in the F344 rat. The results also suggested that the ABR of F344 rats were more vulnerable to furosemide ototoxicity than that of Wistar rats.
The Evolution of Antibodies into Versatile Tumor-Targeting Agents (2005)

Cyr61 may contribute to the malignant progression of gastric cancer by promoting tumor cell motility/invasion through up-regulation of the functional COX-2 via an integrin alphavbeta3/NF-kappaB-dependent pathway.
Associations of candidate loci angiotensinogen and angiotensin-converting enzyme with severe hypertension: The NHLBI family heart study (1997)

These results are compatible with the presence of a genetic risk factor for hypertension in or near the angiotensinogen locus.
Supplementary Table S4 from Castration Resistance in Prostate Cancer Is Mediated by the Kinase NEK6 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genes downregulated by castration and upregulated by NEK6 expression in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Tofacitinib reprogrammiert aktivierte Monozyten von CED Patienten und gesunden Kontrollen zu einem regulatorischen Phänotypen (2019)

Monozyten sind ein essentieller Bestandteil des angeborenen Immunsystems und sind an vielen pro-und antiinflammatorischen Immunprozessen beteiligt, teilweise durch Aktivierung des JAK/STAT-Signalweges. Obwohl die Inhibierung des JAK/STAT-Signalweges mittels Tofacitinib einen neuen, vielversprechenden Therapieansatz bei chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) darstellt, ist bislang nur wenig über den Effekt dieser JAK/STAT-Inhibierung auf Monozyten von CED Patienten bekannt. Ziel dieser Studie war daher die Analyse der JAK/STAT-Inhibierung mittels Tofacitinib in Monozyten von CED Patienten mit aktiver Erkrankung.
Definitive crystal structures of ortho-, meta- and para-carboranes: supramolecular structures directed solely by C–H⋯O hydrogen bonding to hmpa (hmpa = hexamethylphosphoramide) (1996)

Cocrystallisation of ortho-meta- and para-carboranes with hmpa (hexamethylphosphoramide) results in the isolation of 1 : 1 carborane:hmpa adducts which provide the first definitive X-ray structures of the unsubstituted carboranes as part of three very different C–H⋯O hydrogen-bonded supramolecular structures.
Nano-patterned dual-layer ITO electrode of high brightness blue light emitting diodes using maskless wet etching (2013)

We propose a dual-layer transparent Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) top electrode scheme and demonstrate the enhancement of the optical output power of GaN-based light emitting diodes (LEDs). The proposed dual-layer structure is composed of a layer with randomly distributed sphere-like nano-patterns obtained solely by a maskless wet etching process and a pre-annealed bottom layer to maintain current spreading of the electrode. It was observed that the surface morphologies and optoelectronic properties are dependent on etching duration. This electrode significantly improves the optical output power of GaN-based LEDs with an enhancement factor of 2.18 at 100 mA without degradation in electrical property when compared to a reference LED.
Supplementary Figure 2 from The Prognostic Significance of Various 13q14 Deletions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 335KB&lt;/p&gt;
Optical dating of Holocene dune sands from the Hulun Buir Desert, northeastern China (2006)

Aeolian deposits from the Hulun Buir Desert of northeastern China are studied with optically stimulated luminescence dating methods to establish the chronology of dune building phases and climatic changes since the last deglaciation. Our results indicate that wet climate, marked by dune stabilization and soil development in the Hulun Buir Desert, commenced at-11 ka ago, and this early episode of dune stabilization lasted until 4.4 ka ago. This optimum climate between -11 and -4.4 ka ago is mostly the response to the strengthened monsoon circulation and increased precipitation in the Northern Hemisphere. The environment generally became arid after - 4.4 ka ago, but the dry climate was interrupted by three phases of weak soil development occurring at - 1.8-1.4, - 1.2-1.0 and - 0.84-0.5 ka ago, respectively. Such short events of dune stabilization were associated with the warm and humid climate in historical time. However, the present dune mobilization in the Hulun Buir Desert is mainly the result of poor land-use practices (land cultivation and overgrazing) since about 300 years ago.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalation‐Induced Migration of Phosphorus from Nitrogen to Carbon. (1989)

Abstract The N‐phenylphosphoramidate (I) rearranges to give the phenylphosphonate (II) upon treatment with lithium diisopropylamide.
Effects of Implant–Abutment Connection Type and Inter-Implant Distance on Inter-Implant Bone Stress and Microgap: Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis (2021)

The attainment of a good aesthetic outcome in dental implant treatment requires inter-implant papilla reconstruction, which is very difficult to perform. Maintenance of the inter-implant bone is essential for maintenance of the inter-implant papilla. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical influences of the implant-abutment connection type and inter-implant distance on the inter-implant bone by using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Three computer-aided design models of two-piece implants were designed: external connection (EC), internal connection (IC), and conical connection (CC). In each model, two identical implants were placed with inter-implant distances of 3.0, 2.5, and 2.0 mm. The maximum principal stress and microgap were evaluated. The stress values of the inter-implant bone decreased in the following order: IC, EC, and CC. The microgap decreased in the following order: EC, IC, and CC. Regardless of the type of implant-abutment connection, the stress of the inter-implant bone increased as the inter-implant distance decreased. The microgap barely changed as the inter-implant distance decreased. A CC implant is a mechanically advantageous implant-abutment connection type for maintenance of the inter-implant bone. With an inter-implant distance of less than 3.0 mm, use of a CC implant might suppress absorption of the inter-implant bone.
Synthesis of alkyl-substituted N-protected indoles via acylation and reductive deoxygenation (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of alkyl-substituted N-protected indoles via acylation and reductive deoxygenationDaniel M. Ketcha, Brett A. Lieurance, Dominic F. J. Homan, and Gordon W. GribbleCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 18, 4350–4356Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00279a023https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00279a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1892Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parameter Value Selection of Wind Turbines Frequency Controller (2019)

Frequency control of the power system with high penetration level of converter connected renewable power generation has become a challenge to system operators. In order for reliable operation of power system, variable speed wind turbines(WT) are required to provide frequency control to power system. This paper focuses on the frequency controller parameter value selection of the variable speed WTs. The WTs are controlled to have both the inertial response and primary frequency control capability which is similar to the synchronous generators. The de-load level of the WT is discussed, according to the operation curves, the value for the frequency controller gains is discussed. Matlab/Simulink is adopted to demonstrate the frequency control performances with different controller parameter values, the results show the variable speed WTs can be controlled to have similar frequency response as the synchronous generators, through proper controller value selection the WTs can have a better frequency control performance, which is helpful for the safe operation of the power system.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Polypyrazolylborate Ligands: Coordination Control Through 3‐Substituents of the Pyrazole Ring. (1987)

Abstract The new polypyrazolylborate ligands (Ia)‐(Id) are prepared by reaction of the tetrahydridoborate ion with the appropriate pyrazole depending on the molar ratio.
Spectral and radiometric calibration of midwave and longwave infrared cameras (2000)

Accurate spectral and radiometric calibrations of IR cameras are needed to interpret infrared imagery properly, to monitor camera performance over time, and to evaluate new imaging radiometers. In this paper, the physical basis for calibrating IR cameras is derived from first principles, and a laboratory setup used to perform both radiometric and spectral calibrations is described. The calibration procedures used with this setup are then demonstrated on a midwave IR focal plane array camera, a midwave IR scanned camera, and a longwave IR scanned camera. The system spectral response and radiometric response of each camera is given and analyzed. An error analysis of approximating a camera's spectral response by an equivalent top-hat responsivity is also given. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)01702-5)
Phosphoryl- and phosphonium-bridged viologens as stable two- and three-electron acceptors for organic electrodes (2020)

Low molecular weight organic molecules that can accept multiple electrons at high reduction potentials are sought after as electrode materials for high-energy sustainable batteries. To date their synthesis has been difficult, and organic scaffolds for electron donors significantly outnumber electron acceptors. Herein, we report the synthesis and electronic properties of two highly electron-deficient phosphaviologen derivatives from a phosphorus-bridged 4,4'-bipyridine and characterize their electrochemical properties. Phosphaviologen sulfide (<b>PVS</b>) and <i>P</i>-methyl phosphaviologen (<b>PVM</b>) accept two and three electrons at high reduction potentials, respectively. <b>PVM</b> can reversibly accept three electrons between 3-3.6 V <i>vs.</i> Li/Li<sup>+</sup> with an equivalent molecular weight of 102 g (mol<sup>-1</sup> e<sup>-</sup>) (262 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>), making it a promising scaffold for sustainable organic electrode materials having high specific energy densities.
Experimental Study on Stress Drop Control for Designing Hybrid FRP Sheets (2013)

In the previous study, the authors proposed hybrid FRP sheets consisting of several types of fibers with various specific properties and investigated their mechanical properties. The observed stress drop due to the gradual rupture of higher modulus, higher strength and/or higher ductility fibers is a concern and should be controlled. It was experimentally confirmed that integrated performance, including tensile strength, stiffness, and ductility could be thoroughly realized through appropriately hybridizing high modulus fibers, high strength fibers, and high ductility fibers for which the stress drop can be controlled within a required range. In this study, a control index for controlling the stress drop is first designed. Through a quantitative investigation with an experimental program, the relationships between the control index and stress drop are identified for different hybridizations including high modulus-high strength hybrid fibers sheet, high strength-high ductility hybrid fibers sheet and high modulus-high ductility hybrid fibers sheet.