gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo satellite cell activation via Myf5 and MyoD in regenerating mouse skeletal muscle (1999)

Regeneration of adult skeletal muscle is an asynchronous process requiring the activation, proliferation and fusion of satellite cells, to form new muscle fibres. This study was designed to determine the pattern of expression in vivo of the two myogenic regulatory factors, Myf5 and MyoD during this process. Cardiotoxin was used to induce regeneration in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles of heterozygous Myf5-nlacZ mice, and the muscles were assayed for the presence of (beta)-galactosidase (Myf5) and MyoD. Adult satellite cells identified by M-cadherin labelling, when activated, initially express either MyoD or Myf5 or both myogenic factors. Subsequently all proliferating myoblasts express MyoD and part of the population is (beta)-galactosidase (Myf5) positive. Furthermore, we demonstrate that activated satellite cells, which express either Myf5 or MyoD, do not accumulate selectively on fast or slow muscle fibres.
Strategies to Immobilize Well‐Defined Olefin Metathesis Catalysts: Supported Homogeneous Catalysis vs. Surface Organometallic Chemistry (2007)

Abstract This review is mainly devoted to a description of the strategies that have been implemented to develop well‐defined olefin metathesis catalysts immobilized on solid supports. Two main approaches have been investigated involving supported homogenous catalysts or heterogeneous catalysts prepared by surface organometallic chemistry. Advantages, limitations and possible developments of these systems are discussed.
The Prove It Study: Is It Really a Landmark Study or Another Piece of a Very Important Puzzle? (2004)

Design. This was a randomized, blinded, double placebo-controlled, comparison of pravastatin, 40 mg daily, versus atorvastatin, 80 mg daily, in patients who presented to hospitals with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The goal of the study was to determine if "standard" therapy to lower LDL cholesterol levels to the recommended goal of about 100 mg/dl with 40 mg pravastatin was as effective in preventing further coronary events as more aggressive therapy that lowered LDL cholesterol levels to about 70 mg/dl with 80 mg atorvastatin. ACS was defined as an acute myocardial infarction (MI) or high-risk unstable angina.
Compatibilization of Poly(Trimethylene Terephthalate)/Polycarbonate Blends by Epoxy. Part 1. Miscibility and Morphology (2005)

Epoxy resin has been demonstrated to be an efficient reactive compatibilizer for poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/polycarbonate (PTT/PC) blends. Two types of reactions mainly occurred during melt blending, epoxy ring opening, reaction and hydrolysis reaction between epoxy and PTT and PC. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and DMA results showed that the miscibility of epoxy‐containing blends was substantially improved. The compatibilization effect of epoxy on PTT/PC was correlated with blend composition. When the two components were in near equal content, a much better compatibilization effect was exhibited at constant epoxy content. Viscosity analysis suggested that the main interactions between epoxy and PTT (or PC) were not chemical reactions but instead were non‐chemical ones. The blend's morphology was strongly influenced by its epoxy content. When 1 phr epoxy was added during blending, a much finer morphology was exhibited. When epoxy content reached 2.7 phr or more, the blends did not show discernable two‐phase morphology, indicating stronger interfacial adhesion in the blend. Triethylenemelamine (TEM) photomicrographs showed the diameter of the PTT‐rich phase in PC matrix became smaller and many changed to elliptic form.
Mobile Ions in Amorphous Solids (1992)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Industrie : Gewinne West - Verluste Ost : Kosten- und Ertragsverhältnisse 1991 im Bergbau und verarbeitenden Gewerbe (1993)

Erstmals ist für das Jahr 1991 ein Kostenvergleich zwischen alten und neuen Bundesländern möglich. Die Daten beziehen sich auf über 37.000 westdeutsche und über 5.000 ostdeutsche Unternehmen im Bergbau und in der Industrie. Die wichtigsten Resultate sind die Unternehmenszahl, Beschäftigte, Bruttoproduktionswert, Wertschöpfung, Produktivität, Lohnstückkosten, Personalkosten zu Wertschöpfung und der Gewinn- bzw. Verlustanteil am Bruttoproduktionswert. Diese sind prozentual zu Ost- und West-Anteilen verrechnet. Die Ergebnisse der Unternehmen in den neuen Bundesländer sind 1991 katastrophal. Für 1992 wird allerdings eine deutliche Abschwächung erwartet. Verbesserungspotentiale liegen vorallem im Ausscheiden von extremen Verlustquellen, sowie hinzukommende Unternehmen mit hohem Produktivitätsniveau. Weiterhin wird der Abbau von Arbeitsplätzen und der zunehmende sparsammere Umgang mit Ressourcen die Kennzahlen der Unternehmen verbessern.
Improved Efficiency-Bandwidth Product of Modified Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiode Structures Utilizing an Undoped Photo-Absorption Layer (2005)

2005 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Improved Efficiency-Bandwidth Product of Modified Uni-Traveling Carrier Photodiode Structures Utilizing an Undoped Photo-Absorption Layer
Rational Design of Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors: Is Core Planarity Central to Ambipolarity in Thiophene–Naphthalene Semiconductors? (2011)

Herein, we report a new family of naphthaleneamidinemonoimide-fused oligothiophene semiconductors designed for facile charge transport in organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). These molecules have planar skeletons that induce high degrees of crystallinity and hence good charge-transport properties. By modulating the length of the oligothiophene fragment, the majority carrier charge transport can be switched from n-type to ambipolar behavior. The highest FET performance is achieved for solution-processed films of 10-[(2,2'-bithiophen)-5-yl]-2-octylbenzo[lmn]thieno[3',4':4,5]imidazo[2,1-b][3,8]phenanthroline-1,3,6(2H)-trione (NDI-3 Tp), with optimized film mobilities of 2×10(-2) and 0.7×10(-2) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) for electrons and holes, respectively. Finally, these planar semiconductors are compared with their twisted-skeleton counterparts, which exhibit only n-type mobility, in order to understand the origin of the ambipolarity in this new series of molecular semiconductors.
Crystal Engineering of l-Alanine with l-Leucine Additive using Metal-Assisted and Microwave-Accelerated Evaporative Crystallization (2014)

In this work, we demonstrated that the change in the morphology of l-alanine crystals can be controlled with the addition of l-leucine using the metal-assisted and microwave accelerated evaporative crystallization (MA-MAEC) technique. Crystallization experiments, where an increasing stoichiometric amount of l-leucine is added to initial l-alanine solutions, were carried out on circular poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) disks modified with a 21-well capacity silicon isolator and silver nanoparticle films using microwave heating (MA-MAEC) and at room temperature (control experiments). The use of the MA-MAEC technique afforded for the growth of l-alanine crystals with different morphologies up to ∼10-fold faster than those grown at room temperature. In addition, the length of l-alanine crystals was systematically increased from ∼380 to ∼2000 μm using the MA-MAEC technique. Optical microscope images revealed that the shape of l-alanine crystals was changed from tetragonal shape (without l-leucine additive) to more elongated and wire-like structures with the addition of the l-leucine additive. Further characterization of l-alanine crystals was undertaken by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) measurements. In order to elucidate the growth mechanism of l-alanine crystals, theoretical simulations of l-alanine's morphology with and without l-leucine additive were carried out using Materials Studio software in conjunction with our experimental data. Theoretical simulations revealed that the growth of l-alanine's {011} and {120} crystal faces were inhibited due to the incorporation of l-leucine into these crystal faces in selected positions.
A Large-Scale Database for Graph Representation Learning (2020)

With the rapid emergence of graph representation learning, the construction of new large-scale datasets is necessary to distinguish model capabilities and accurately assess the strengths and weaknesses of each technique. By carefully analyzing existing graph databases, we identify 3 critical components important for advancing the field of graph representation learning: (1) large graphs, (2) many graphs, and (3) class diversity. To date, no single graph database offers all these desired properties. We introduce MalNet, the largest public graph database ever constructed, representing a large-scale ontology of malicious software function call graphs. MalNet contains over 1.2 million graphs, averaging over 15k nodes and 35k edges per graph, across a hierarchy of 47 types and 696 families. Compared to the popular REDDIT-12K database, MalNet offers 105x more graphs, 39x larger graphs on average, and 63x more classes. We provide a detailed analysis of MalNet, discussing its properties and provenance, along with the evaluation of state-of-the-art machine learning and graph neural network techniques. The unprecedented scale and diversity of MalNet offers exciting opportunities to advance the frontiers of graph representation learning--enabling new discoveries and research into imbalanced classification, explainability and the impact of class hardness. The database is publicly available at www.mal-net.org.
M u l t if u n c t io n a l S c h o o l G y m n a s ia (2007)

a b s t r a c t This paper identifies the acoustical requirements for multifunctional urban school gymnasia and discusses the lack of acoustic guidelines in achieving this objective. The requirement of compromise in determining such a criterion is also discussed in the light of recent ANSI standards. An alternative practical criterion for acceptable reverberation levels is established. The supporting case studies, measurements, analysis and discussions are presented.
Abstract 1056: Inhibition of hexose monophosphate pathway promotes castration resistant prostate cancer (2016)

Abstract Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second highest cause of cancer-related death in men in the US. PCa is androgen dependent when organ-confined and is conventionally treated using surgery or using a combination of anti-androgens and radiation therapy. However, in about 30% of the patients tumor recurs and are initially administered androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Majority of the patients become resistant to ADT and develop hormone-refractory disease also termed castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is lethal. Currently, the molecular and biochemical alterations driving CRPC are not well understood. Using a novel network-based integrative approach, we show distinct alterations in the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (HBP) to be critical for sustaining the castrate resistant state. Our data suggests expression of key HBP enzymes to be significantly elevated in androgen dependent (AD) PCa while interestingly enough, relatively diminished in CRPC. Genetic loss of function experiments for these HBP enzymes in CRPC-like cells had tumor promoting effect both in vitro and in vivo. This was mediated by alterations in either PI3K-AKT pathway or SP1-ChREBP (SP1- carbohydrate response element binding protein) network in CRPC cells containing full length androgen receptor (AR) or its splice variant AR-V7, respectively. Strikingly, addition of HBP metabolite UDP-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc) or glucosamine (GlcN) to CRPC-like cells attenuated tumor cell proliferation, both in vitro and in animal studies. Interestingly, these metabolites demonstrated additive efficacy when combined with enzalutamide in vitro. These findings are particularly significant given that the CRPC-like cells tested, inclusive of those containing AR-V7 variant, are inherently resistant to enzalutamide. These observations demonstrate the therapeutic value of targeting altered HBP in CRPC. Citation Format: Akash K. Kaushik, Ali Shojaie, Katrin Panzitt, Rajni Sonavane, Harene Venghatakrishnan, Mohan Manikkam, Alexander Zaslavsky, Vasanta Putluri, Vihas Vasu, Yiqing Zhang, Ayesha Khan, Stacy Lloyd, Adam Szafran, Subhamoy Dasgupta, David Bader, Fabio Stossi, Hangwen Li, Susmita Samanta, Xuhong Cao, Efrosini Tsouko, Shixia Huang, Daniel Frigo, Lawrence Chan, Dean Edwards, Benny Kaipparettu, Nicholas Mitsiades, Nancy Weigel, Michael Mancini, Michael Ittmann, Arul Chinnaiyan, Nagireddy Putluri, Ganesh Palapattu, George Michailidis, Arun Sreekumar. Inhibition of hexose monophosphate pathway promotes castration resistant prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1056.
Multiple sclerosis (2004)

Multiple sclerosis is a complex genetic disease associated with inflammation in the CNS white matter thought to be mediated by autoreactive T cells. Clonal expansion of B cells, their antibody products, and T cells, hallmarks of inflammation in the CNS, are found in MS. This review discusses new methods to define the molecular pathology of human disease with high-throughput examination of germline DNA haplotypes, RNA expression, and protein structures that will allow the generation of a new series of hypotheses that can be tested to develop better understanding of and therapies for this disease.
Mechanical properties of ultra-lightweight cement composite at low temperatures of 0 to −60 °C (2016)

This paper presents an experimental study on mechanical properties of an innovative ultra-lightweight cement composite (ULCC) at low temperatures down to −60 °C in comparison with those at ambient temperature. Those properties include stress-strain curve, ultimate strength, elastic modulus, Poisson ratio, and flexural tensile behavior. Effect of curing condition is also evaluated. In addition, the performance of the ULCC is compared with that of a normal weight concrete (NWC) and a lightweight concrete (LWC) with similar 28-day compressive strength. The cylindrical compressive strength of the NWC and LWC was increased generally with the reduction in temperature. However, the same phenomenon was not observed for the ULCC. The elastic modulus of the ULCC did not change much, whereas the elastic modulus of the NWC increased significantly with the reduction of temperature from 30 °C to −60 °C. Strain of the ULCC at the peak load was generally much higher than that of the NWC and LWC, and was generally not affected by the temperature. The flexural strength of the three concretes was increased with the reduction in temperature. Duration of the moist curing did not affect the performance of the ULCC under compression significantly, but influenced its flexural strength significantly.
Synthesis of Pt Nanoparticles Enveloped with Flexible Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (2020)

We report the synthesis of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) covered with a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-7). The hybrid materials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction measurements and transmi...
The Image Similarity Analysis Technique Applied to the Tool Wear Monitoring in Face Milling (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to monitor the tool wear based on the image data of cutting tool in the face milling operation. The surface images of the different coated inserted blade cutters are captured using a machine vision system incorporating with the mutual information and image similarity analysis technique for processing the images. The milling test is designed by using Taguchi’s method. The experimental results indicate that the coating layer factor is recognized to make the most significant contribution to the over all performance. The TiAlN-surface multilayer coated inserted blade cutter has the least wear rate amongst these coated milling cutters and has the longest tool life in this experiment.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 1‐(Substituted‐benzyl)‐6‐fluoro‐1,4‐dihydro‐4‐oxoquinoline‐3‐carboxylic Acids and Their 6,8‐Difluoro Analogues. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Accelerated Tumor Growth Mediated by Sublytic Levels of Antibody-Induced Complement Activation Is Associated with Activation of the PI3K/AKT Survival Pathway (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend for supplementary figures - PDF file 62K, Supplementary Figure Legend&lt;/p&gt;
Drug-Induced Headache: Long-Term Follow-Up of Withdrawal Therapy and Persistence of Drug Misuse (2001)

Patients suffering from migraine, tension-type headache (TTH), or combined headache (CH) are at risk of developing drug-induced headache (DIH) due to regular use of analgesics, ergot alkaloids, and triptans. The aim of our study was to determine (1) the clinical features of DIH, (2) the outcome of withdrawal therapy using high methodological standards, and (3) predictors which could explain the high relapse rate (more than 40%) after a previously successful withdrawal therapy. We retrospectively reviewed 103 patients with migraine or TTH who underwent withdrawal therapy between 1994 and 1998. The long-term follow-up (2-4 years after therapy) was conducted by phone and by specially trained psychologists using a structured interview which enclosed characteristics of headache and medication behavior as well as patients global assessment of success. Complete sets of data were available from 83 patients (38 migraine, 26 TTH, 19 CH). The most frequently abused drugs were caffeine-combined analgesics (24%), followed by caffeine-combined ergotamines (19%), pure ergot alkaloids (17%), and monoanalgesics (17%). 48.5% of the patients suffered an abuse relapse within 4 years and developed the complete features of DIH again. Analgesic and ergot alkaloid combinations with caffeine lead significantly more often to a relapse. A long-term successful therapy is connected with a significant reduction of the frequency of headache attacks. Under relapse conditions, the patients reached their former headache frequency level. The data show a higher relapse rate than previously assumed and that certain substance groups bear a higher relapse risk.
Improvement of the CO2 Absorption Performance Using Ionic Liquid [NH2emim][BF4] and [emim][BF4]/[bmim][BF4] Mixtures (2012)

Functional ionic liquids (ILs) have potential advantages in reducing CO2 emissions when applied for CO2 absorption. However, the higher viscosity of functional ILs greatly affects the CO2 absorption separation process. To improve the absorption performance, a functional IL [NH2e-mim][BF4] was synthesized and mixed with low-viscosity conventional ILs [emim][BF4]/[bmim][BF4] based on their respective advantages in terms of CO2 reduction, and the CO2 absorption effect and regeneration performance of the binary ILs were investigated. {[NH2e-mim][BF4] + [emim][BF4]/[bmim][BF4]} showed better performance when the mole fraction of [NH2e-mim][BF4] (X[NH2e-mim][BF4]) was 0.4, and the CO2 absorption performance reduced with the increase in the temperature. Density and viscosity of the binary rose with the increase of X[NH2e-mim][BF4] and decrease in temperature. The optimal regeneration temperature was approximately 353.15 K when X[NH2e-mim][BF4] was 0.4 in 0.1 MPa. During five cycles of absorption and regeneration, CO2 absorption capacity of {[NH2e-mim][BF4] + [emim][BF4]/[bmim][BF4]} was maintained at 75–85% of the first absorption capacity. Moreover, the quality and density changed slightly, and viscosity showed a 5–10% increase in each loop. Thus, the mixed system had an effective regeneration performance.
Diffusion-Limited Cargo Loading of an Engineered Protein Container (2015)

The engineered bacterial nanocompartment AaLS-13 is a promising artificial encapsulation system that exploits electrostatic interactions for cargo loading. In order to study its ability to take up and retain guests, a pair of fluorescent proteins was developed which allows spectroscopic determination of the extent of encapsulation by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). The encapsulation process is generally complete within a second, suggesting low energetic barriers for proteins to cross the capsid shell. Formation of intermediate aggregates upon mixing host and guest in vitro complicates capsid loading at low ionic strength, but can be sidestepped by increasing salt concentrations or diluting the components. Encapsulation of guests is completely reversible, and the position of the equilibrium is easily tuned by varying the ionic strength. These results, which challenge the notion that AaLS-13 is a continuous rigid shell, provide valuable information about cargo loading that will guide ongoing efforts to engineer functional host-guest complexes. Moreover, it should be possible to adapt the protein FRET pair described in this report to characterize functional capsid-cargo complexes generated by other encapsulation systems.
On-Line Estimation of Feature Depth for Image-Based Visual Servoing Schemes (2007)

In the image-based visual servoing framework, error signals are directly computed from image feature parameters, thus obtaining control schemes which do not need neither a 3-D model of the scene, nor a perfect knowledge of the camera calibration matrix. However, the current value of the depth Z for each considered feature must be known. We propose a method to estimate on-line the value of Z for point features while the camera is moving through the scene, by using tools from nonlinear observer theory. By interpreting Z as a continuous unknown state with known dynamics, we build an estimator which asymptotically recovers the actual depth value for the selected feature.
Nucleosomal anatomy – where are the histones? (1995)

The recent surge of discoveries concerning the structural organization of nucleosomes, together with genetic evidence of highly specialized roles for the histones in gene regulation, have brought a renewed need for a detailed understanding of nucleosomal anatomy. Here we review recent structural advances leading to a new level of understanding of the nucleosome and chromatin fibre structure. We discuss the problems and challenges for existing models of chromatin structure and, in particular, consider how linker histones may bind within the nucleosome, together with the implications of their association for the structure of the chromatin fibre.