gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Essential fatty acids and skin disease (1989)

ABSTRACT Essential fatty acids (EFAs) are important in the maintenance of epidermal barrier function, as components of cell membranes and as precursors of prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes and other substances involved in mediating inflammation. There is increasing evidence that dietary supplementation with certain EFAs, notably gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) and eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), can have anti‐inflammatory actions. In man, it has been shown that supplementation with evening primrose oil (EPO), a source of GLA, can ameliorate atopy. Recent studies in the dog indicate that both EPO and cold water marine fish oil (containing EPA) can ameliorate allergic skin disease and improve skin and coat condition. EFA supplementation also promises to be useful in the treatment of seborrhoea and other conditions in the cat.
Generation of an isolated attosecond pulse via current modulation induced by a chirped laser pulse in an x-ray free-electron laser (2018)

Aiming for the future upgrade of a hard x-ray beamline at the Pohang accelerator laboratory x-ray free-electron laser (PAL-XFEL), we first analyze the scheme recently proposed for the attosecond-terawatt (TW) x-ray pulse [Phys. Rev. Lett.110, 084801 (2013)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.110.084801]. An x-ray pulse with 32 attosecond full-width half maximum (FWHM) pulse duration and &#x223C;4&#x2009;&#x2009;TW in power is shown in simulations using the PAL-XFEL parameters. Furthermore, to remove neighboring radiation pulses and to generate an isolated attosecond-TW x-ray pulse, the role of optical laser frequency chirp is examined on the electron beam current modulation as well as on the x-ray pulse generation in the undulator. Our simulations show an isolated x-ray pulse with 42 attosecond FWHM pulse duration and &#x223C;3.5&#x2009;&#x2009;TW in power for the optimal frequency chirp of a 400&#x00A0;nm optical laser. Recently, in a simpler method [J. Synchrotron Radiat.23, 1273 (2016)JSYRES0909-049510.1107/S1600577516013345] and [Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams8, 040701 (2005)PRABFM1098-440210.1103/PhysRevSTAB.8.040701], using a frequency-chirped optical laser and the electron beam delays in between undulator sections, it has been reported that an isolated attosecond-TW x-ray pulse can be obtained at the undulator end. For optimal chirp in this simple setup, we show 50 attosecond FWHM pulse duration and &#x223C;3&#x2009;&#x2009;TW in power with &#x223C;7.5&#x00D7;1010 photons per pulse at 0.1&#x00A0;nm radiation wavelength. Generation of such inherently synchronized, powerful single attosecond x-ray pulses at PAL-XFEL will be advantageous to the pump-probe experiments in the study of ultrafast dynamics.
Mitofusin 2 ablation increases endoplasmic reticulum–mitochondria coupling (2015)

The organization and mutual interactions between endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria modulate key aspects of cell pathophysiology. Several proteins have been suggested to be involved in keeping ER and mitochondria at a correct distance. Among them, in mammalian cells, mitofusin 2 (Mfn2), located on both the outer mitochondrial membrane and the ER surface, has been proposed to be a physical tether between the two organelles, forming homotypic interactions and heterocomplexes with its homolog Mfn1. Recently, this widely accepted model has been challenged using quantitative EM analysis. Using a multiplicity of morphological, biochemical, functional, and genetic approaches, we demonstrate that Mfn2 ablation increases the structural and functional ER-mitochondria coupling. In particular, we show that in different cell types Mfn2 ablation or silencing increases the close contacts between the two organelles and strengthens the efficacy of inositol trisphosphate (IP3)-induced Ca(2+) transfer from the ER to mitochondria, sensitizing cells to a mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload-dependent death. We also show that the previously reported discrepancy between electron and fluorescence microscopy data on ER-mitochondria proximity in Mfn2-ablated cells is only apparent. By using a different type of morphological analysis of fluorescent images that takes into account (and corrects for) the gross modifications in mitochondrial shape resulting from Mfn2 ablation, we demonstrate that an increased proximity between the organelles is also observed by confocal microscopy when Mfn2 levels are reduced. Based on these results, we propose a new model for ER-mitochondria juxtaposition in which Mfn2 works as a tethering antagonist preventing an excessive, potentially toxic, proximity between the two organelles.
The Potent G-Quadruplex-Binding Compound QN-302 Downregulates S100P Gene Expression in Cells and in an In Vivo Model of Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

The naphthalene diimide compound QN-302, designed to bind to G-quadruplex DNA sequences within the promoter regions of cancer-related genes, has high anti-proliferative activity in pancreatic cancer cell lines and anti-tumor activity in several experimental models for the disease. We show here that QN-302 also causes downregulation of the expression of the <i>S100P</i> gene and the S100P protein in cells and in vivo. This protein is well established as being involved in key proliferation and motility pathways in several human cancers and has been identified as a potential biomarker in pancreatic cancer. The <i>S100P</i> gene contains 60 putative quadruplex-forming sequences, one of which is in the promoter region, 48 nucleotides upstream from the transcription start site. We report biophysical and molecular modeling studies showing that this sequence forms a highly stable G-quadruplex in vitro, which is further stabilized by QN-302. We also report transcriptome analyses showing that <i>S100P</i> expression is highly upregulated in tissues from human pancreatic cancer tumors, compared to normal pancreas material. The extent of upregulation is dependent on the degree of differentiation of tumor cells, with the most poorly differentiated, from more advanced disease, having the highest level of <i>S100P</i> expression. The experimental drug QN-302 is currently in pre-IND development (as of Q1 2023), and its ability to downregulate S100P protein expression supports a role for this protein as a marker of therapeutic response in pancreatic cancer. These results are also consistent with the hypothesis that the <i>S100P</i> promoter G-quadruplex is a potential therapeutic target in pancreatic cancer at the transcriptional level for QN-302.
Bandwidth Performance Analysis of DLM PAs Including the Class-A/B/J Continuum (2019)

In this paper, a new method is presented to analyze the bandwidth performance of power amplifiers (PAs) including the Class-A/B/J Continuum for dynamic load modulation (DLM). Due to the introduced biasing operation factor p, the analysis of bandwidth performance of DLM Class-J PAs can be extended to other modes, such as deep Class-AB mode. With the help of MATLAB software, the relationship between the drain efficiency (η) and output power back-off (OPBO) at the current generator plane (CGP) is demonstrated clearly. At the CGP, the proposed method indicates that when p = 0, the fractional bandwidth (FBW) of DLM PAs is improved from 73% to 141% compared with the results at the extrinsic plane (EP). When p is increased to 0.2, the FBW of DLM PAs can be improved from 141% to 156%. Furthermore, the proposed method in this work provides clear guideline to do a general analysis on the bandwidth performance of DLM PAs including the Class-A/B/J Continuum, and it also provides potential theoretical guidance for engineers to design wideband DLM PAs.
Ways to Evade Spai Filters and Machine Learning as a Potential Solution (2006)

The growth of unsolicited email or junk mail has become a major threat to information security today. Most of the commercial Websites providing email facility today provide some form of programmable automatic filtration of junk mails, typically in the form of a set of rules to dispose of mails based on keywords detected in headers or message body. There are some other methods for the purpose as well, but an adaptive email filtering system based on Bayesian technique that can learn from its user's mail preferences appears to be a better solution. It not only considers the keywords that identify spam, but also words that denote innocent or legitimate mail which makes the filter more efficient . However direct marketers discover new ways to evade even the Bayesian filters, so as to reach the potential customers. The way most commonly adopted by the spammers to mislead the Bayesian filters is injection of out of context text in the email. This paper aims at presenting a critical analysis of the various ways adopted by spammers to dodge the spam filters. Further we explore the Bayesian noise reduction (BNR) technique which attempts to solve this problem by identifying and eliminating the 'out of context' data (so injected by spammers or otherwise) to provide a cleaner classification
Platelet-rich plasma improves therapeutic effects of menstrual blood-derived stromal cells in rat model of intrauterine adhesion (2019)

In summary, MenSCs could effectively improve uterine proliferation, markedly accelerate endometrial damage repairment and promote fertility restoration in IUA rats, suggesting a paracrine restorative effect and Hippo signaling pathway stimulation. Our results indicate MenSCs, a valuable source of cells for transplantation in the treatment intrauterine adhesion. Combined with PRP, this cell therapy was more effective.
Fuel cell applied research: electrocatalysis and materials. Quarterly report, January 1-March 31, 1979 (1979)

In situ regeneration of surface areas of sintered carbon supported platinum electrodes in 85% H/sub 3/PO/sub 4/ at 150/sup 0/C was studied. The kinetics of oxygen reduction on platinum in trifluoromethane sulfonic acid was investigated. Overpotentials in solid oxide electrolyte fuel cells were studied. Results are presented and discussed. Also, a survey of the status of studies of phosphoric acid and molten carbonate fuel cells is described. (WHK)
CD9-mediated costimulation of TCR-triggered naive T cells leads to activation followed by apoptosis (1997)

The induction of full activation or death in TCR-triggered T cells depends largely on whether appropriate costimulatory signals are provided. In this study, we show that the costimulation of CD9 on naive T cells during TCR stimulation results in transient, albeit potent, activation followed by apoptosis, rather than full activation. Anti-CD9 mAb synergized with suboptimal doses of anti-CD3 mAb in inducing T cell activation. [3H]TdR incorporation determined 2 days after CD9 costimulation was as potent as that induced by CD28 costimulation. In contrast to progressive T cell proliferation induced by CD28 costimulation, CD9 costimulation led to the induction of apoptosis of once-activated T cells. Although IL-2R expression was induced significantly earlier and to a greater degree after CD9 costimulation than after CD28 costimulation, CD9 costimulation only transiently produced a small amount of IL-2 and induced apparently low levels of bcl-xL compared with those observed in CD28 costimulation. Addition of rIL-2 to cultures of CD9 costimulation induced strikingly enhanced expression of bcl proteins, especially of bcl-xL, and protected TCR-stimulated T cells from apoptosis. These data indicate that CD9-mediated costimulation of TCR-triggered naive T cells leads to activation followed by apoptosis as the result of failure to generate a positive signal for sufficient levels of IL-2 production.
Cover Image, Volume 20, Issue 8 (2018)

The cover image, by Ralf Elvert, et al., is based on the Original Article Running on mixed fuel‐dual agonistic approach of GLP‐1 and GCG receptors leads to beneficial impact on body weight and blood glucose control: A comparative study between mice and non‐human primates , DOI: 10.1111/dom.13212 . image
Social performances: A sociotechnical framework for understanding online prosocial behavior (2011)

Prosocial behavior describes actions, such as sharing and cooperation, intended to benefit others. In particular, the popular online activity of remixing, is especially dependent upon individuals to willingly share content that they have created for others to reuse and even profit from. However, what motivates these individuals to share their creations with relative strangers when there is no clear benefit to themselves? This dissertation presents an explanatory framework that helps to explain online prosociality through two main observations: 1) That these online content sharing environments afford social transparency by providing a view of all users and activity on the system through visualizations and displays. 2) That this socially transparent space enables the development of social currencies (or group scripts/norms) which encourage prosocial behavior in the system. The overall goal for the social performance framework is to provide an understanding of the prosocial sharing and, at the same time, be used to inform the design of systems that encourage this behavior. I apply this framework to a two-part study of prosocial sharing motivations in an online music remixing community, ccMixter. The first part of the study utilizes social network analysis to characterize and describe the dynamics of music sharing in the community. One of the findings is that a core group of members are responsible for much of the sharing and remixing activity in the community. In the second part of this study, I interview twenty-four members from this core group to investigate their motivations for prosocial behavior in ccMixter. A key finding was that these members were motivated to contribute and share because of the influence of group norms made socially transparent by the website. This study of ccMixter represents a first test of the analytical capability of the social performance framework. In general, the framework performed well, surfacing the joint influence of community norms and the affordance of the website on prosocial sharing. To further strengthen the explanatory power of the framework, future studies will seek to apply the framework to other online content sharing communities.
Properties of a human immunoglobulin epsilon-chain fragment synthesized in Escherichia coli. (1984)

A fragment of the cloned gene for the human myeloma ND epsilon chain, coding for the second, third, and fourth domains of the immunoglobulin, has been coupled to the tryptophan control region of an expression plasmid and subcloned in Escherichia coli. Induction of gene expression results in the synthesis of the expected, antigenically active polypeptide of Mr 40,000, which constitutes 18% of total bacterial protein and yields 55 mg/liter of culture. The immunoglobulin, which is aggregated and packed into large inclusion bodies within the bacterial cell, can be dissolved by denaturing solvents and purified by affinity chromatography using anti-IgE Sepharose. Reduced monomeric chains assemble spontaneously into dimers. On assay to measure the inhibition of binding of 125I-labeled human E myeloma protein to Fc epsilon receptors on cultured human basophils, the cloned gene product exhibited 20% of the activity of the native protein.
Prevalence and distribution of high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV) types in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix and in normal women in Andhra Pradesh, India (2005)

Our results suggest that the HPV type distribution in both cervical cancer tissues and in a general screening population from Andhra Pradesh is similar to that reported in India and other parts of the world. We also conclude that an effective vaccine targeting HPV 16 will reduce the cervical cancer burden in AP.
Hydrogenation of cinnamic acids with iridium(I) catalysts. Effect of various lignads (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydrogenation of cinnamic acids with iridium(I) catalysts. Effect of various lignadsJohn SolodarCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 11, 1840Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00976a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00976a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Double articulation analyzer with deep sparse autoencoder for unsupervised word discovery from speech signals (2016)

Direct word discovery from audio speech signals is a very difficult and challenging problem for a developmental robot. Human infants are able to discover words directly from speech signals, and, to understand human infants’ developmental capability using a constructive approach, it is very important to build a machine learning system that can acquire knowledge about words and phonemes, i.e. a language model and an acoustic model, autonomously in an unsupervised manner. To achieve this, the nonparametric Bayesian double articulation analyzer (NPB-DAA) with the deep sparse autoencoder (DSAE) is proposed in this paper. The NPB-DAA has been proposed to achieve totally unsupervised direct word discovery from speech signals. However, the performance was still unsatisfactory, although it outperformed pre-existing unsupervised learning methods. In this paper, we integrate the NPB-DAA with the DSAE, which is a neural network model that can be trained in an unsupervised manner, and demonstrate its performance through an experiment about direct word discovery from auditory speech signals. The experiment shows that the combined method, the NPB-DAA with the DSAE, outperforms pre-existing unsupervised learning methods, and shows state-of-the-art performance. It is also shown that the proposed method outperforms several standard speech recognizer-based methods with true word dictionaries.
Growth of Pd‐Filled Carbon Nanotubes on the Tip of Scanning Probe Microscopy (2009)

We have synthesized Pd‐filled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) oriented perpendicular to Si substrates using a microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) for the application of scanning probe microscopy (SPM) tip. Prior to the CVD growth, Al thin film (10 nm) was coated on the substrate as a buffer layer followed by depositing a 5 ~ 40 nm‐thick Pd film as a catalyst. The diameter and areal density of CNTs grown depend largely on the initial Pd thickness. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images clearly show that Pd is successfully encapsulated into the CNTs, probably leading to higher conductivity. Using optimum growth conditions, Pd‐filled CNTs are successfully grown on the apex of the conventional SPM cantilever.
Polyamidoamine (Yet Not PAMAM) Dendrimers as Bioinspired Materials for Drug Delivery:  Structure−Activity Relationships by Molecular Simulations (2004)

In this paper, we report the results obtained from a comprehensive characterization of newly synthesized dendrimeric molecules in a solvated environment, by computer-aided simulations. The evidences allowed us to formulate some structure-activity relationships (SARs) between the experimentally verified cytotoxicity/noncytotoxicity of these compounds and some molecular features such as, for instance, radius of gyration, molecular shape, and dimensions. In particular, all noncytotoxic dendrimers were characterized by a more dense and globular shape and by a smoother surface pattern, as quantified by their fractal dimension D.
Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor: An in silico analysis (2020)

Many human viral diseases are a consequence of a zoonotic event. Some of the diseases caused by these zoonotic events have affected millions of people around the world, some of which have resulted in high rates of morbidity/mortality in humans. Changes in the viral proteins that function as ligands of the host receptor may promote the spillover between species. The most recent of these zoonotic events that have caused an ongoing epidemic of high magnitude is the Covid-19 epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2. The aim of this study was to determine the mutation(s) in the sequence of the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 that might be favoring human to human transmission. An <i>in silico</i> approach was performed, and changes were detected in the S1 subunit of the receptor-binding domain of spike. The observed changes have significant effect on SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 interaction and produce a reduction in the binding energy, compared to the one of the Bat-CoV to this receptor. The data presented in this study suggest a higher affinity of the SARS-Cov-2 spike protein to the human ACE2 receptor, compared to the one of Bat-CoV spike and ACE2. This could be the cause of the rapid viral spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans.
Electrophysiological and MRI evaluation of neurological involvement in Behcet's disease. (1989)

Eight patients with stable Behçet's disease were studied by means of multimodality evoked potentials and magnetic resonance imaging to evaluate the possibility of an earlier and objective demonstration of clinical and subclinical Central Nervous System (CNS) involvement. It was shown that both diagnostic techniques are useful for quantitative evaluation of neurological involvement in Behçet's disease; of particular interest was the demonstration of subclinical CNS changes.
Pebble Game Algorithms and (k,l)-Sparse Graphs (2005)

A multi-graph $G$ on n vertices is $(k,l)$-sparse if every subset of $n'≤n$ vertices spans at most $kn'-l$ edges, $0 ≤l &lt; 2k$. $G$ is tight if, in addition, it has exactly $kn - l$ edges. We characterize $(k,l)$-sparse graphs via a family of simple, elegant and efficient algorithms called the $(k,l)$-pebble games. As applications, we use the pebble games for computing components (maximal tight subgraphs) in sparse graphs, to obtain inductive (Henneberg) constructions, and, when $l=k$, edge-disjoint tree decompositions.
Synthesis and Transannular Diels-Alder Reaction of a 13-Membered Macrocyclic Triene. A Synthetic Approach Towards the Tricyclic Part A.B.C.[6.6.5] of the Veratrum Alkaloids (1992)

The syntheses of the acyclic triene cis-trans-trans (3Z, 9Z,11E)-13-chloro-3-methoxy-1,1,7,7-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl) -4-methyltrideca-3,9,11-triene (25), and the corresponding trans-cis-trans (3Z,9E,11E) isomer 37, and trans-trans-trans (3Z,9E,11E) isomer, 46, are described. Compounds 25 and 37 furnished in good yield 13-membered macrocyclic compounds (3Z,9Z, 11E)- and (3Z,9E,11Z)-3-methoxy-1, 1,7,7-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)-4-methylcyclotrideca-3,9,11-triene (26) and (38) which led to tricyclic compound (cis-anti-cis)-2-methoxy-4,4, 11,11-tetrakis(methoxycarbonyl)-1-methyltricyclo[7.4.0.0.2,6]tridec-7-ene (27) by transannular Diels-Alder reaction. Macrocyclization of trans-trans-trans chloride 46 was not successful.