gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutational Analysis of Intrinsic Regions of Presenilin 2 That Determine Its Endoproteolytic Cleavage and Pathological Function (2000)

To investigate the significance of endoproteolytic processing of presenilin 2 (PS2) on its pathological function, we constructed PS2 cDNAs causing amino acid substitutions or deletions around the cleavage site. We found that a PS2 mutant (Del3) with a 20-amino acid deletion was not endoproteolytically processed, while other PS2s with amino acid substitutions and short deletions were cleaved. Overproduction of all the mutant proteins led to a compensatory decrease of endogenous PS1 fragments, but did not affect the amyloid beta peptide X-42/Abeta X-40 ratio without the familial Alzheimer's disease mutation. The Del3 mutant did not exhibit significant deficits in gamma-secretase activity. The turnover rate of the Del3 holoprotein was the same as that of full-length PS2. These data suggest that the determinants of the PS2 cleavage site reside within a large region and that the pathological function of PS2 is exerted by familial Alzheimer's disease mutations not related to the cleavage of holoproteins. We also found that PS2 with an 18-amino acid deletion at the C-terminal end was not processed. Its overexpression led neither to diminished accumulation of endogenous PS1 fragments nor to increased production of amyloid beta peptide X-42. The C-terminal end of PS2 seems to possess the signal for entry into the processing pathway.
Effects of UV-Light, Temperature and Storage on the Stability and Biological Effectiveness of Some Insecticides (2012)

Effects of UV-Light, Temperature and Storage on the Stability and Biological Effectiveness of Some Insecticides The degradation and biological effectiveness of five insecticides, ES-Fenvalerate (Soumi Gold), pirimicarb (Afox), imidacloprid (Emax), buprofenzin (Ablloud) and methomyl (Methiolate) in their aqueous preparations and emulsifiable concentrates, on immature stages of whitefly insect Bemisia tabaci . when exposed to UV-light, two different temperatures and daylight and dark storage after exposure intervals was studied. The results indicated the degradation rates of the five tested insecticides varied according to the chemical structure, time of exposure and wavelength of UV-rays used. Of all the five insecticides, methomyl was the most affected by UV-rays. Losses of ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl within this period were 11.30, 14.80, 29.03, 31.83 and 39%, respectively after one hour to UV-ray exposure. A significant increase in LC 50 value was obtained when ES-Fenvalerate in aqueous preparation was exposed to UV-light for 6 hr. The LC 50 values and their confidence ranges in aqueous preparations and emulsifiable concentrates were 107.5 ppm (51.7-199.2) and 93.10 ppm (48.3-150.4). The residual level of Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl were 13.52, 17.54 ppm; 12.67, 15.87 ppm; 11.78, 16.47 ppm; 11.38, 14.73 ppm; and 11.36, 11.83 ppm for two days exposed to daylight and dark storage. Insecticides could be arranged according to LC 50 values at zero-time as follow: ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl. The corresponding values of LC 50 were 3.40, 15.4, 15.6, 16.2 and 23.5 ppm for daylight storage. On the other hand, the dark storage exposure for the tested insecticides could be arranged according to LC 50 values as follow: ES-Fenvalerate, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, buprofenzin and methomyl. The corresponding LC 50 were 3.20, 14.8, 14.9, 15.9 and 21.3 ppm, respectively. In general, the amount recovered after a one day, 45°C exposure were 14.63, 12.84, 12.79, 12.14 and 11.76 ppm, for ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl, respectively. While the amounts recovered after a three day 45°C exposure were 9.28, 8.34, 7.76, 7.72 and 5.83 ppm for ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl, respectively. Efficiency against whitefly insect, B. tabaci immature stages was affected when aqueous preparations of the five tested insecticides were stored at 45°C for one and three days, compared to those stored under normal condition of 25°C for the same periods of time. Generally it could be concluded that buprofenzin n and methomyl, were more affected by UV-light, storage and temperature than ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid.
Nonventing, Regenerable, Lightweight Heat Absorber (2008)

A lightweight, regenerable heat absorber (RHA), developed for rejecting metabolic heat from a space suit, may also be useful on Earth for short-term cooling of heavy protective garments. Unlike prior space-suit-cooling systems, a system that includes this RHA does not vent water. The closed system contains water reservoirs, tubes through which water is circulated to absorb heat, an evaporator, and an absorber/radiator. The radiator includes a solution of LiCl contained in a porous material in titanium tubes. The evaporator cools water that circulates through a liquid-cooled garment. Water vapor produced in the evaporator enters the radiator tubes where it is absorbed into the LiCl solution, releasing heat. Much of the heat of absorption is rejected to the environment via the radiator. After use, the RHA is regenerated by heating it to a temperature of 100 C for about 2 hours to drive the absorbed water back to the evaporator. A system including a prototype of the RHA was found to be capable of maintaining a temperature of 20 C while removing heat at a rate of 200 W for 6 hours.
Cyclo‐ and cyclized diene polymers. XIII. γ‐Ray‐initiated polymerization of 1,3‐dienes (1967)

Abstract The γ‐ray‐initiated polymerization of butadiene, isoprene, and 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene‐1,3 was carried out at temperatures of 20°C. and −78°C. Polymers of butadiene and isoprene with mixed linear and cyclic structure were proved to result from the polymerization at −78°C. A monocyclic structure was found for the 2,3‐dimethylbutadiene‐1,3 polymers initiated either at −78°C. or in the thiourea canal complex at 20°C.
Model-based approach for predicting the impact of genetic modifications on product yield in biopharmaceutical manufacturing—Application to influenza vaccine production (2020)

A large group of biopharmaceuticals is produced in cell lines. The yield of such products can be increased by genetic engineering of the corresponding cell lines. The prediction of promising genetic modifications by mathematical modeling is a valuable tool to facilitate experimental screening. Besides information on the intracellular kinetics and genetic modifications the mathematical model has to account for ubiquitous cell-to-cell variability. In this contribution, we establish a novel model-based methodology for influenza vaccine production in cell lines with overexpressed genes. The manipulation of the expression level of genes coding for host cell factors relevant for virus replication is achieved by lentiviral transduction. Since lentiviral transduction causes increased cell-to-cell variability due to different copy numbers and integration sites of the gene constructs we use a population balance modeling approach to account for this heterogeneity in terms of intracellular viral components and distributed kinetic parameters. The latter are estimated from experimental data of intracellular viral RNA levels and virus titers of infection experiments using cells overexpressing a single host cell gene. For experiments with cells overexpressing multiple host cell genes, only final virus titers were measured and thus, no direct estimation of the parameter distributions was possible. Instead, we evaluate four different computational strategies to infer these from single gene parameter sets. Finally, the best computational strategy is used to predict the most promising candidates for future modifications that show the highest potential for an increased virus yield in a combinatorial study. As expected, there is a trend to higher yields the more modifications are included.
Imprinted Particles for Direct Fluorescence Detection of Sialic Acid in Polar Media and on Cancer Cells with Enhanced Control of Nonspecific Binding (2021)

Glycoproteins are abundant on the cell surface of mammals, providing structural support, modulating cell membrane properties, and acting as signaling agents. Variation of glycosylation patterns has been found to indicate various disease states, including cell malignancy. Sialic acid (SA) is present as a terminating group on cell-surface glycans, and its overexpression has been linked to several types of cancer. Detection of SA on the cell surface is therefore critical for detection of cancer in its early stages. In this work, a fluorescent molecularly imprinted polymer layer targeting SA was synthesized on the surface of silica-coated polystyrene (PS) particles. Compared to previous works, a PS core supplies a lighter, lower-density support for improved suspension stability and scattering properties. Moreover, their smaller size provides a higher surface-area-to-volume ratio for binding. The incorporation of a fluorescent monomer in the MIP shell allowed for simple and rapid determination of binding specificity in polar media due to a deprotonation-reprotonation interaction mechanism between the fluorescent monomer and SA, which led to spectral changes. Upon titration of the MIP particles with SA in suspension, an increase in fluorescence emission of the particles was observed, with the MIP particles binding SA more selectively compared to the nonimprinted polymer (NIP) control particles. In cell staining experiments performed by flow cytometry, the binding behavior of the MIP particles compared favorably with that of SA-binding lectins. NIPs prepared with a "dummy" template served as a better negative control in cell binding assays due to the favorable inward orientation of template-binding functional groups in the polymer shell, which reduced nonspecific binding. The results show that fluorescent MIPs targeting SA are a promising tool for in vitro fluorescence staining of cancerous cells and for future diagnosis of cancer at early stages.
Calcium Phosphate Overgrowth on Silicate Sand (2006)

Loose sand formations greatly reduce the efficiency of oil pumping from sandy soil reservoirs. Studies of the in-situ deposition of calcium phosphate salts gave promising results, which indicated that consolidation may be achieved through the formation of salt bridges between sand grains. The formation of micron-sized platelike crystallites is desirable for the achievement of maximum sand consolidation with minimal loss of fluid permeability. In the calcium phosphate system, this crystal morphology corresponds to the formation of octacalcium phosphate (Ca8H2(PO4)6·5H2O, OCP). In the present work, precipitation of calcium phosphate phases from supersaturated solutions on silicate sand substrates was investigated. Because OCP is thermodynamically unstable, the conditions at which this phase may be stabilized was studied with kinetics measurements in batch reactors. Experiments were done in supersaturated solutions seeded with silicate sand over the temperature range from 25 to 70 °C and initial solution pH values 6.0, 7.0, and 8.0. The ionic strength adjusted with sodium chloride was 0.1 and 0.5 M; the solution supersaturation was varied using different calcium and phosphate concentrations (2−20 mM). Clean, dry sand with an average grain size diameter < 0.2 mm was used to seed supersaturated calcium phosphate solutions to determine the influence of the sand grains on the kinetics of formation of the precipitating phase and to investigate the extent of stabilization of calcium phosphates less stable than the thermodynamically most stable hydroxyapatite (Ca5 (PO4)3OH, HAP). A detailed parametric study showed that the experimental conditions of the supersaturated solutions determined the nature of the calcium phosphates forming. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O, DCPD) the least stable thermodynamically crystalline form of calcium phosphate formed predominantly at 25 °C and initial pH values lower than 7.0. In the presence of sand grain substrates, DCPD was stabilized to some extent even at relatively high pH. At 50 °C, the formation of DCPD was found to result in a drop of the solution pH to 6.0. At 70 °C, however, no DCPD was detected over the pH range investigated. OCP and HAP were the predominant phases at 50 and 70 °C both in the presence and in the absence of sand. Sand was found to favor the formation of OCP at higher pH values. The ionic strength of the supersaturated solutions adjusted with sodium chloride did not have any appreciable effect on the nature of the calcium phosphate phases nucleated on the sand grains.
A cost-effective strategy for nonoscillatory convection without clipping (1990)

Clipping of narrow extrema and distortion of smooth profiles is a well-known&#13;\nproblem associated with so-called "high-resolution" nonoscillatory convection&#13;\nschemes. In this report, a strategy is presented for accurately simulating highly&#13;\nconvective flows containing discontinuities such as density fronts or shock waves,&#13;\nwithout distorting smooth profiles or clipping narrow local extrema. The convection&#13;\nalgorithm is based on non-artificially-diffusive third-order upwinding in smooth&#13;\nregions, with automatic adaptive stencil expansion to (in principle, arbitrarily)&#13;\nhigher order upwinding locally, in regions of rapidly changing gradients. This is&#13;\nhighly cost-effective because the wider stencil is used only where needed - in isolated&#13;\nnarrow regions. A recently developed universal limiter assures sharp monotonic&#13;\nresolution of discontinuities without introducing artificial diffusion or numerical&#13;\ncompression. An adaptive discriminator is constructed to distinguish between&#13;\nspurious overshoots and physical peaks; this automatically relaxes the limiter near&#13;\nlocal turning points, thereby avoiding loss of resolution in narrow extrema.&#13;\nExamples are given for one-dimensional pure convection of scalar profiles at&#13;\nconstant velocity.
A study of instrument-wise onset detection in Beijing Opera percussion ensembles (2014)

Note onset detection and instrument recognition are two of the most investigated tasks in Music Information Retrieval (MIR). Various detection methods have been proposed in previous research for western music, with less focus on other music cultures of the world. In this paper, we focus on onset detection for percussion instruments in Beijing Opera, a major genre of Chinese traditional music. A dataset of individual audio samples of four primary percussion instruments is used to obtain the spectral bases for each instrument. With these bases, we separate the input percussion ensemble recordings into its spectral sources and their activations using a Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based algorithm. A simple onset detection conducted on each NMF activation presents satisfactory overall detection rates, and provides us valuable implications and suggestions for future development of drum transcription and percussion pattern analysis in Beijing Opera.
Risk stratification in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2012)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia is characterized by the production of serum monoclonal IgM and lymphoplasmacytic bone marrow infiltration. At least 25% of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis and treatment is only mandatory in cases of symptomatic disease. Beside reports on treatment results, reviewing risk assessment is another way to describe the clinical course of the disease. This information may be particularly useful when numerous treatment options are available. While the introduction of new treatment approaches reinforces the need for careful risk assessment, the identification of useful prognostic information requires prolonged follow-up in patients who have not been treated with current therapeutic options. This limitation should be taken into account when using and interpreting available prognostic information, especially survival estimates.
Exploring systems affected by the heat shock response in Plasmodium falciparum via protein association networks (2014)

The heat shock response is a general mechanism by which organisms deal with physical insults such as sudden changes in temperature, osmotic and oxidative stresses, and exposure to toxic substances. Plasmodium falciparum is exposed to drastic temperature changes as a part of its life cycle and maintains an extensive repertoire of heat shock response-related proteins. As these proteins serve to maintain the parasite in the face of anti-malarial drugs as well, better understanding of the heat shock-related systems in the malaria parasite will lead to therapeutic approaches that frustrate these systems, leading to more effective use of anti-malarials. Here we use protein association networks to broaden our understanding of the systems impacted by and/or implicated in the heat shock response.
Suppression of Spontaneous Development of Uterine Adenomyosis by a Chinese Herbal Medicine, Keishi-Bukuryo-Gan, in Mice (1993)

Keishi-bukuryo-gan (KBG) is a traditional Chinese herbal remedy and has been used for the treatment of gynecological disorders, such as hypermenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and infertility. The effects of KBG on the development of uterine adenomyosis, which is characterized by an abnormal growth of glands and stroma into and beyond the smooth muscle layers of the uterus, were examined in an experimental animal model using the SHN strain of mice. Mice fed handmade chow containing relatively high doses of KBG (0.5% and 1%) showed a significantly lower incidence of adenomyosis and lower activity of thymidylate synthetase (TS) in the uteri than mice fed control handmade chow containing no KBG. The long-term exposure to KBG between 25 and 120 days of age hardly affected the estrous cycle, food intake and body weight. However, mice provided with chow containing a low dose of KBG (0.1%) showed no difference in the incidence of adenomyosis as compared with the controls. The inhibitory effects of the high doses of KBG were nullified by pituitary isografting, which has been proved to enhance the development of adenomyosis. The present mouse data support the view in humans that the oral administration of KBG is a useful tool for the treatment of uterine adenomyosis.
Game-Theoretic Optimization of the TSCH Scheduling Function for Low-Power IoT Networks (2021)

Time-Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH) is a synchronous Medium Access Control (MAC) technology standardized as a part of IEEE 802.15.4e to provide highly reliable communications for resource-constrained devices. While IETF and IEEE standards defined solutions for the configuration of TSCH nodes, the problem of creating dynamic TSCH schedules has been left open. In this poster, we introduce GT-SF, a distributed TSCH scheduling function that is designed based on the non-cooperative game-theory for low-power Internet of Things (IoT) applications. We implement GT-SF on Zolerita firefly IoT motes and the Contiki-NG operating system to examine its effectiveness. The evaluation results demonstrate that GT-SF outperforms Orchestra (the state-of-the-art method) by enhancing the packet delivery ratio and reducing the latency.
Modeling and Analysis of Trust Management for Cognitive Mission-Driven Group Communication Systems in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2009)

We develop and analyze a trust management protocol for cognitive mission-driven group communication systems (GCSs) in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using hierarchical modeling techniques based on stochastic Petri nets. The goal is to efficiently establish acceptable trust levels among mobile nodes without prior interactions. We seek to identify the optimal length of a trust chain among peers in a trust Web so as to maximize the trust levels for peers on the trust chain, by trading off trust space for trust level. The cognitive nodes in the network can dynamically adapt to changing network environments by adjusting their design parameter settings over time to establish an acceptable trust level with other nodes. We define a trust metric that captures unique characteristics of trust concepts in such MANETs. We demonstrate that an optimal trust chain exists for maximizing the trust metric.
Photocontrolled Self-Assembly and Disassembly of Block Ionomer Complex Vesicles: A Facile Approach toward Supramolecular Polymer Nanocontainers (2009)

A new concept of designing a photocontrollable supramolecular polymer nanocontainer through the electrostatic association between an azobenzene-containing surfactant (AzoC10) and a double-hydrophilic block ionomer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(acrylic acid) (PEG(43)-PAA(153)), is described. Such a block ionomer complex can self-assemble in aqueous solution and form vesicle-like aggregates, which are composed of a poly(ethylene glycol) corona and a poly(acrylic acid) shell associated with azobenzene-containing surfactant. The photoisomerization of azobenzene moieties in the block ionomer complex can reversibly tune the amphiphilicity of the surfactants, inducing the disassembly of the vesicles. Such block ionomer complex vesicles are further evaluated as nanocontainers capable to encapsulate and release guest solutes on demand controlled by light irradiation. For example, the vesicles encapsulating the fluorescein sodium display clear spherical images observed by fluorescence microscopy. However, such fluorescence-marked images disappear after releasing the solute from the vesicles triggered by the UV light. Such novel materials are of both basic and practical significance, especially as prospective nanocontainers for cargo delivery.
Detection of Unusual Motion Using Computer Vision (2006)

In this paper, we propose different criteria for detecting unusual motion in surveillance cameras. Initially, a certain environment is observed within a time interval, and captured trajectories are used as examples of usual trajectories. These trajectories are used to build a Spatial Occupancy Map (SpOM, which is introduced in this paper) of the observed people, as well as main flow directions. In the test period, each new trajectory is classified as normal or unusual with respect to spatial occupancy and trajectory consistency. The spatial occupancy criterion considers the relation of space occupancy between the new tracked trajectory and the observed period. The trajectory consistency criterion considers the agreement of the new trajectory with the main flows extracted in the training period. Experimental results showed that these criteria can be used as an automatic pre-screening of suspect motion in surveillance applications.
Multi‐UAV‐based stereo vision system without GPS for ground obstacle mapping to assist path planning of UGV (2014)

A multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based stereo vision system is proposed to assist global path planning of an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) even in GPS‐denied environments. The proposed system can optimally generate the depth map of ground objects and robustly detect obstacles. The proposed multi‐UAV‐based system with a movable baseline overcomes the limitations of a single‐UAV‐based stereo vision system with a fixed baseline. Thus, the performance of the proposed system does not degrade significantly based on the altitude of UAVs. The relative position and altitude estimation, multi‐agent formation control and image processing techniques are considered to implement a prototype system. The experimental results demonstrate the performance of the implemented system for various baseline conditions between UAVs.
Elimination of blinding trachoma (2002)

The goal of eliminating blinding trachoma may be reachable. Further research is needed to determine how best to use azithromycin and which environmental improvements will be most effective. The important questions are as follows: how often antibiotic treatment programs will be required in the endemic areas; how best to evaluate the effects of treatment; and when (and perhaps whom) do we retreat.