gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Warfarin Therapy in Pediatric Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study of 319 Patients (1999)

This study details warfarin use in a large pediatric population followed in a central anticoagulation clinic. A prospective, consecutive cohort of nonselected children were studied. Patients were divided into groups by age, target international normalized ratio (INR) range, disease, medications, and vitamin K supplemented enteral nutrition use. Groups were analyzed on multiple aspects of warfarin therapy using multivariate methods. A total of 319 patients received 352 warfarin courses representing 391 treatment years. Age independently influenced all aspects of therapy. When compared with all older children, the ≤1 year of age group required increased warfarin doses, longer overlap with heparin, longer time to achieve target INR ranges, more frequent INR testing and dose adjustments, and fewer INR values in the target range. Although significantly different than children ≤1 year, children 1 to 6 years of age showed the same findings when compared with 7- to 18-year-olds. Fontan patients required 25% decreased dosage as compared with other congenital heart disease patients. Children on corticosteroids had less INRs in the target range and children on phenobarbital/carbamazepine required increased maintenance dosages of warfarin. Also, patients receiving enteral nutrition required increased dosages of warfarin. Serious bleeding occurred in 2 children (0.5% per patient year). Recurrent thromboembolic events (TEs) occurred in 8 children. Two children had recurrences while receiving warfarin (1.3% per patient year). This study outlines the profound effect of age and relative complexity of clinical management of warfarin therapy in children.
Stability of the timing of food intake at daily and monthly timescales in young adults (2020)

Cross-sectional observations have shown that the timing of eating may be important for health-related outcomes. Here we examined the stability of eating timing, using both clock hour and relative circadian time, across one semester (n = 14) at daily and monthly time-scales. At three time points ~ 1 month apart, circadian phase was determined during an overnight in-laboratory visit and eating was photographically recorded for one week to assess timing and composition. Day-to-day stability was measured using the Composite Phase Deviation (deviation from a perfectly regular pattern) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine individual stability across months (weekly average compared across months). Day-to-day clock timing of caloric events had poor stability within individuals (~ 3-h variation; ICC = 0.12-0.34). The timing of eating was stable across months (~ 1-h variation, ICCs ranging from 0.54-0.63), but less stable across months when measured relative to circadian timing (ICC = 0.33-0.41). Our findings suggest that though day-to-day variability in the timing of eating has poor stability, the timing of eating measured for a week is stable across months within individuals. This indicates two relevant timescales: a monthly timescale with more stability in eating timing than a daily timescale. Thus, a single day's food documentation may not represent habitual (longer timescale) patterns.
Sensitive detection of microsatellite instability in tissues and liquid biopsies: Recent developments and updates (2021)

Microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenotype displayed as deletions/insertions of repetitive genomic sequences, has drawn great attention due to its application in cancer including diagnosis, prognosis and immunotherapy response prediction. Several methods have been developed for the detection of MSI, facilitating the MSI classification of cancer patients. In view of recent interest in minimally-invasive detection of MSI via liquid biopsy samples, which requires methods with high sensitivity to identify small fractions of altered DNA in the presence of large amount of wild type copies, sensitive MSI detection approaches are emerging. Here we review the available MSI detection methods and their detection limits and focus on recently developed next-generation-sequencing based approaches and bioinformatics algorithms available for MSI analysis in various cancer types.
Engineering Thermoplastics, Overview (2001)

Abstract This article provides a first key of access to engineering polymers. There is a compilation of materials classified as engineering thermoplastics, eg, cyclic olefin copolymers, syndiotactic polystyrene, acetal resins (polyoxymethylene), polyester resins [ie, poly(ethylene terephthalate), poly(butylene terephthalate), and poly(ethylene naphthalate)], polyarylates, liquid crystal polymers, poly(phenylene ether), polycarbonate, aliphatic and aromatic polyketones, acrylic resins, poly(phenylene sulfide), polysulfones, styrene copolymers, aliphatic and aromatic polyamide resins, polyimides, polyamide imide, polyphthalamide, polyetherimide, and fluoropolymers (polytetrafluoroethylene, ethylene–tetrafluoroethylene copolymers, fluorinated ethylene–propylene copolymers, perfluorovinylether–tetrafluoroethylene copolymers). For engineering thermoplastics in general, this article provides a short development history and a discussion of industrial production methods, physical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, and chemical properties, processing technologies, and some applications. Because property values can vary in a wide range, representative figures are reported, mostly from commercial data sheets compiled by producers; these data are available on‐line and are continuously updated. Some of the main properties are compared, on the frame of interpolymer competition.
Studies on the mechanisms involved in the cardiovascular response of the rat to hemorrhage. (1981)

Acute reductions in blood volume and in arterial pressure produced by hemorrhage in the rat resulted in significant changes in heart rate. In general, when bleeding lowered mean arterial blood pressure to 90 mmHg or less, heart rate fell in proportion to the depth of hypotension, but when arterial pressure remained above 100 mmHg, regardless of the volume of shed blood, heart rate increased. The bradycardia observed when the animals were bled to low pressures (40 mmHg) could be prevented by vagotomy or with a combination of atropine and propranolol. This suggests the effect is reflex action centrally mediated. Propranolol alone had only small effects on the heart rate response, indicating that the reflex is predominantly under vagal influence. Phenoxybenzamine or adrenal demedullation had no effect on heart rate or blood pressure changes during or after hemorrhage. Pargyline, at a dose which significantly inhibited MAO and increased brain stem norepinephrine and dopamine levels, reduced the magnitude of the shock bradycardia. These results are discussed in relation to our earlier report (Pendleton et al., 1980a) which indicates that the potent inhibitor of epinephrine synthesis, SK & F 64139, will prolong the bradycardia and hypotension associated with hemorrhage in this model.
<title>Guaranteed convergence of the Hough transform</title> (1995)

The straight-line Hough Transform using normal parameterization with a continuous voting kernel is considered. It transforms the colinearity detection problem to a problem of finding the global maximum of a two dimensional function above a domain in the parameter space. The principle is similar to robust regression using fixed scale M-estimation. Unlike standard M-estimation procedures the Hough Transform does not rely on a good initial estimate of the line parameters: The global optimization problem is approached by exhaustive search on a grid that is usually as fine as computationally feasible. The global maximum of a general function above a bounded domain cannot be found by a finite number of function evaluations. Only if sufficient a-priori knowledge about the smoothness of the objective function is available, convergence to the global maximum can be guaranteed. The extraction of a-priori information and its efficient use are the main challenges in real global optimization problems. The global optimization problem in the Hough Transform is essentially how fine should the parameter space quantization be in order not to miss the true maximum. More than thirty years after Hough patented the basic algorithm, the problem is still essentially open. In this paper an attempt is made to identify a-priori information on the smoothness of the objective (Hough) function and to introduce sufficient conditions for the convergence of the Hough Transform to the global maximum. An image model with several application dependent parameters is defined. Edge point location errors as well as background noise are accounted for. Minimal parameter space quantization intervals that guarantee convergence are obtained. Focusing policies for multi-resolution Hough algorithms are developed. Theoretical support for bottom- up processing is provided. Due to the randomness of errors and noise, convergence guarantees are probabilistic.
Inventors with Disabilities — an Opportunity for Innovation, Inclusion, and Economic Development (2022)

In the United States, about 26% of the population reports having some form of disability. However, people with disabilities (PwD) are under-represented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The representation of PwD as patented inventors is unknown, but likely under-represented, given their limited numbers in STEM and the workplace. This study set the goal of identifying PwD with patented technologies that have also been introduced into the marketplace. Using web searches and patent awards/applications, 21 influential inventors with disabilities were identified. The impact of these inventors was assessed and is briefly described. Technologies that were invented for PwD that have had mainstream success were also identified. Inventors with disabilities have made important contributions, but further study is required, as the inclusion of PwD in the inventor community is a nascent field of study that is important for expanding the innovation community.
<title>Technique for measuring stress-induced birefringence</title> (1991)

A technique has been developed to generate an image of the stress-induced birefringence which occurs in AlGaAs/GaAs ridge waveguides. Cross-sections of this image can be taken to yield quantitative results. A preliminary cross-sectional plot from a ridge waveguide shows that the birefringence is higher at the ridge edges due to stress caused by the waveguide structure, and agrees with the shape predicted by theory.
Phase-shift analysis of modulated photocurrent: Its application to the determination of the energetic distribution of gap states (1981)

In order to determine an energetic distribution of localized states, a new method is proposed. The method is based on the analysis of the phase shift between a sinusoidally modulated excitation light and its inducing photocurrent. The theoretical relation between the phase shift and its relevant localized states is derived assuming a trap-limited band conduction of unipolar photocarriers. The energetic profile of the localized states can be calculated from a modulation frequency dependence of the phase shift. The method has been applied to CdS crystal and the validity has been confirmed. It is suggested that the method is useful for amorphous semiconductors in which the localized states are distributed quasi-continuously in the band gap.
Virtual hospitals and digital doctors: how far are we from the CardioVerse? (2022)

Digital health and telemedicine flourished during the recent pandemic and modified the traditional physical way of patient–doctor interaction by using digital means and internet. While technology has become integral to cardiovascular medicine and augmented and virtual reality (AR/VR) are bringing modern possibilities, healthcare is arriving closer than ever to the merge of virtual and real worlds. The Metaverse, which is currently trending among various industries, represents the convergence of both worlds into an immersive online virtual interconnected environment where its participants will actively engage with 3D content and interact via digital avatars. Although the introduction of the Metaverse has provoked extensive debate regarding its theoretical applicability in healthcare,1 there are no reports exploring the scientific evidences produced to date and which projects are currently ongoing in the field of healthcare and cardiology. Virtual reality, distant consultations, and telemedicine apps have already been introduced to healthcare with multiple different services. Nonetheless, a main limiting factor for the widespread adoption and diffusion of telemedicine has always been the need of several and different platforms for various medical purposes, making the patient-user often overwhelmed by the numerous divergent interfaces and physicians.2
Indocyanine green injection for detecting sentinel nodes using color fluorescence camera in the laparoscopy‐assisted gastrectomy (2012)

The present study shows that HEMS-guided abdominal surgery is feasible under room light. Submucosal injection of 0.5 mL × 4 of 50 µg/mL ICG on the day before operation is the adequate administration for detecting sentinel nodes using HEMS in the gastric cancer surgery.
Activated MLKL functions as signal II of the NLRP3 inflammasome (2016)

Abstract Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in caspase-1 dependent processing and secretion of IL-1β. Inflammasome activation and IL-1β maturation is thought to require two signals: Signal I leads to transcriptional up-regulation of inflammasome components and pro-IL-1β. Various agents such as ATP and nigericin can function as signal II to activate the NLRP3 inflammasome through a mechanism that is thought to involve disrupted ion homeostasis. This in turn leads to IL-1β processing and release, as well as pyroptotic cell death. Notably, the execution of another cell death program, necroptosis, also involves cellular membrane disruption and ion flux, through the action of the protein MLKL. Here, we demonstrate that the execution of necroptosis by MLKL can lead to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the secretion of bioactive IL-1β. We further show that IL-1β processing is independent from the cell death function of MLKL. This mechanism represents a novel inflammatory signal emanating from necroptotic cells, as well as an unexpected mechanistic cross-talk between necroptosis and inflammasome activation.
Field Study Results of Harmonics Compensating Synchronous Machine (2000)

In recent years, several harmonic problems have been occurred in distribution system by load current harmonics of many smart machines with power electronics technology. Installing LC filters on power systems is conventional technology of reducing voltage distortion. And also, active filter is usually installed on power systems because of the same purpose. However, it is difficult to adjust the parameters of those systems for any kind of power systems, because of a variety of power system configurations. For the above mentioned problem, we have developed a new system which reduce voltages and currents distortion by using synchronous machine. It is named Harmonics Compensating Synchronous Machine. The Harmonics Compensating Synchronous Machine has been studied by the authors, and was confirmed compensating power system 5th and 7th harmonics by using 6kVA trial model. This paper describes the performances of developed 100kVA new machine and its control system using 3.3kV AC transmission line model. Further more this paper also describes field study results of the system installed in an actual 10MVA-distribution substation.
Iontophoretic treatment of herpetic whitlow. (1989)

Herpetic whitlow can be a vector for spread of infection, especially among health care professionals. Until now, treatment has been inadequate. In two patients with documented herpetic infections of the finger, the antiviral drug idoxuridine was applied to the lesions by cathodal iontophoresis. Results were characterized by rapid relief of discomfort and swelling, rapid appearance and coalescence of vesicles, and rapid healing, with reduced pain and little or no paresthesia. No recurrences have been noted in the two patients after 42 and 38 months. The positive beneficial results indicate that aggressive iontophoretic treatment for herpetic whitlow is useful and justified.
Efficacy of Fat-Soluble Vitamin Supplementation in Infants With Biliary Atresia (2012)

Biochemical FSV insufficiency is commonly observed in infants with BA and persistent cholestasis despite administration of a TPGS containing liquid multiple FSV preparation. Individual vitamin supplementation and careful monitoring are warranted in infants with BA, especially those with TB >2 mg/dL.
Requirement for MUC5AC in KRAS-dependent lung carcinogenesis (2018)

With more than 150,000 deaths per year in the US alone, lung cancer has the highest number of deaths for any cancer. These poor outcomes reflect a lack of treatment for the most common form of lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the most prevalent subtype of NSCLC, with the main oncogenic drivers being KRAS and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Whereas EGFR blockade has led to some success in lung ADC, effective KRAS inhibition is lacking. KRAS-mutant ADCs are characterized by high levels of gel-forming mucin expression, with the highest mucin levels corresponding to worse prognoses. Despite these well-recognized associations, little is known about roles for individual gel-forming mucins in ADC development causatively. We hypothesized that MUC5AC/Muc5ac, a mucin gene known to be commonly expressed in NSCLC, is crucial in KRAS/Kras-driven lung ADC. We found that MUC5AC was a significant determinant of poor prognosis, especially in patients with KRAS-mutant tumors. In addition, by using mice with lung ADC induced chemically with urethane or transgenically by mutant-Kras expression, we observed significantly reduced tumor development in animals lacking Muc5ac compared with controls. Collectively, these results provide strong support for MUC5AC as a potential therapeutic target for lung ADC, a disease with few effective treatments.
Degradable Polyelectrolyte Capsules Filled with Oligonucleotide Sequences (2006)

To cap it all: A polycation-free encapsulation method is used to obtain high concentrations of uncomplexed, short oligonucleotide chains confined within monodisperse, degradable microcapsules. Oligonucleotide loadings of >104 chains per capsule are obtained, and more than 90 % of the capsules are filled with DNA. These capsules also undergo degradation under reducing conditions (such as those that occur in cells), releasing the encapsulated DNA. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z602779_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Extended dual antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor 60 mg in patients with prior myocardial infarction: The design of ALETHEIA, a multi‐country observational study (2021)

An increased understanding of patterns of ticagrelor 60 mg use and associated clinical outcomes among high-risk patients with a prior MI is needed. The a priori specified stepwise approach adapted in this observational study is expected to generate useful evidence for clinical decision-making and treatment optimization.
Phonon Excitations of Composite-Fermion Landau Levels (2004)

Phonon excitations of fractional quantum Hall states at filling factors nu = 1/3, 2/5, 4/7, 3/5, 4/3, and 5/3 are experimentally shown to be based on Landau-level transitions of composite fermions. At filling factor nu = 2/3, however, a linear field dependence of the excitation energy in the high-field regime rather hints towards a spin transition excited by the phonons. We propose to explain this surprising observation by an only partially polarized 2/3 ground state, making the energetically lower lying spin transition also allowed for phonon excitations.
Owl: Next-generation system monitoring (2005)

As microarchitectural and system complexity grows, comprehending system behavior becomes increasingly difficult, and often requires obtaining and sifting through voluminous event traces or coordinating results from multiple, nonlocalized sources. Owl is a proposed framework that overcomes limitations faced by traditional performance counters and monitoring facilities in dealing with such complexity by pervasively deploying programmable monitoring elements throughout a system. The design exploits reconfigurable or programmable logic to realize hardware monitors located at event sources, such as memory buses. These monitors run and writeback results autonomously with respect to the CPU, mitigating the system impact of interrupt-driven monitoring or the need to communicate irrelevant events to higher levels of the system. The monitors are designed to snoop any kind of system transaction, e.g., within the core, on a bus, across the wire, or within I/O devices.
Wasser‐Hochflussmembranen auf Basis der kovalenten organischen Gerüststruktur COF‐LZU1 für die Farbstoffabtrennung durch Nanofiltration (2018)

Abstract Kovalente organische Gerüststrukturen (COFs) sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Porosität und der kristallographisch bestimmten Molekularsiebstruktur attraktive Materialien für die Wasserbehandlung mit Membranen. Hier wurde eine kontinuierliche zweidimensionale Imin‐verknüpfte COF‐LZU1‐Membran mit einer Dicke von nur 400 nm auf Aluminiumoxidröhren als Träger durch ein In‐situ‐Solvothermal‐Syntheseverfahren entwickelt. Die Membran zeigt eine ausgezeichnete Wasserpermeanz (760 L m −2 h −1 MPa −1 ) und einen guten Rückhalt von über 90 % für wasserlösliche Farbstoffe mit einer Größe &gt;1.2 nm. Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit der COF‐LZU1‐Membran ist viel höher als die der meisten Membranen mit ähnlichem Rückhalt. Im Langzeitbetrieb zeigt sich die herausragende Stabilität der COF‐LZU1‐Membran. Da die Membran keine Selektivität für hydratisierte Salzionen aufweist (Selektivität &lt;12 %), ist sie auch zur Abtrennung von makromolekularen Farbstoffen aus salzhaltigem Wasser geeignet. Diese sehr guten Nanofiltrationsleistungen kombiniert mit hoher Stabilität machen die COF‐LZU1‐Membran interessant für die Wasserreinigung.
Cell manipulation with magnetic particles toward microfluidic cytometry (2009)

Magnetic particles have become a promising tool for nearly all major lab-on-a-chip (LOC) applications, from sample capturing, purification, enrichment, transport to detection. For biological applications, the use of magnetic particles is especially well established for immunomagnetic separation. There is a great amount of interest in the automation of cell sorting and counting with magnetic particles in LOC platforms. So far, despite great efforts, only few fully functional LOC devices have been described and further integration is necessary. In this review, we will describe the physics of magnetic cell sorting and counting in LOC formats with a special focus on recent progress in the field.