gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Penetration Testing with Improved Input Vector Identification (2009)

Penetration testing is widely used to help ensure the security of web applications. It discovers vulnerabilities by simulating attacks from malicious users on a target application. Identifying the input vectors of a Web application and checking the results of an attack are important parts of penetration testing, as they indicate where an attack could be introduced and whether an attempted attack was successful. Current techniques for identifying input vectors and checking attack results are typically ad-hoc and incomplete, which can cause parts of an application to be untested and leave vulnerabilities undiscovered. In this paper, we propose a new approach to penetration testing that addresses these limitations by leveraging two recently-developed analysis techniques. The first is used to identify a web application's possible input vectors, and the second is used to automatically check whether an attack resulted in an injection. To empirically evaluate our approach, we compare it against a state-of-the-art, alternative technique. Our results show that our approach performs a more thorough penetration testing and leads to the discovery of more vulnerabilities.
X-METRA-ADA: Cross-lingual Meta-Transfer learning Adaptation to Natural Language Understanding and Question Answering (2021)

Meryem M’hamdi, Doo Soon Kim, Franck Dernoncourt, Trung Bui, Xiang Ren, Jonathan May. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2021.
Instrumentation and Control Revamping (1990)

The advantages of replacing obsolete analog equipment with modern digital equipment in a pressurized water reactor are presented. Several modifications to the control system are discussed in detail, with anticipated benefits. The process of rejuvenating the protection system of old 900-MW(electric) plants is described, indicating objectives, technology employed, and new system architecture.
Phase-matching between optical and sound waves in forward direction via ultra-slow light (2004)

We experimentally demonstrated phase-matching between optical waves propagating in the same direction and sound wave in the cell of Rb vapor. Phase-matching occurs when group velocity of light is equal to the sound speed.
Sensorineural Hearing Loss Diminishes Use of Temporal Envelope Cues: Evidence From Roving-Level Tone-in-Noise Detection (2020)

Tone-in-noise detection thresholds in NH listeners were typically elevated only slightly by the roving-level paradigm at any frequency or level tested, consistent with the primary use of level-independent cues, such as temporal envelope cues that are conveyed by fluctuations in neural responses. In comparison, thresholds of listeners with SNHL were more affected by the roving-level paradigm, suggesting stronger weighting of energy cues. For listeners with SNHL, the largest RE was observed at 4000 Hz, for which pure-tone audiometric thresholds were most elevated. Specifically, RE size at 4000 Hz was significantly correlated with higher pure-tone audiometric thresholds at the same frequency, after controlling for the effect of age. Future studies will explore strategies for restoring or enhancing neural fluctuation cues that may lead to improved hearing in noise for listeners with SNHL.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics in Catalysis (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Near-infrared fluorescence coronary angiography: a new noninvasive technology for intraoperative graft patency control. (2002)

With the fluorescence technique using ICG, visualization of blood flow in coronary vessels and bypass grafts, as well as of myocardial perfusion, is feasible. FCA is a highly sensitive and reproducible method and an excellent technique for intraoperative quality control in CABG.
Photochemical Bergman Cyclization and Related Reactions (2015)

The Bergman cyclization (BC), the archetypical cycloaromatization reaction, can thermally or photochemically transform acyclic conjugated closed-shell reactants (enediynes) into cyclic aromatic reactive intermediates (diradicals). This chapter summarizes the key electronic features, scope, and limitations of the photo-BC. BC and related reactions find numerous practical applications, of which DNA photocleavage is emphasized herein.
Models and Characterization of Piezoelectric Ceramics (2008)

Selected literature on the use of linearized constitutive equations and complex piezoelectric coefficients to develop models and characterize materials is presented in brief. One‐dimensional models of simple piezoelectric ceramic components are derived using linearized constitutive equations and other fundamental relations to illustrate the procedure used to develop multi‐dimensional models. Then, the procedure for building models of multi‐layer devices using models of components is illustrated. Models are also used to characterize materials. A method to determine the errors when the ANSI/IEEE Standard method is used to determine real piezoelectric coefficients and methods to characterize non‐Standard shapes often used in devices are also presented
Valve-in-Valve TAVR vs. Repeat Surgery for Aortic Bioprosthesis Failure (2020)

Interventionalists increasingly use transcatheter aortic-valve replacement (TAVR) for valve-in-valve (VIV) treatment of a failing surgical
Upgrading Performance of Your Streaming Services Using Server Hints (2022)

A smooth playback behavior is critical for any OTT service. Viewers naturally like not to experience rebuffering events, but less frequent and shorter ones are preferred when they cannot be avoided. However, ensuring smoother playback becomes more challenging as more demanding services such as low-latency live and 4K streaming become more widely available. — It has been shown many times that adaptive streaming clients compete with each other for the available bandwidth and server capacity. The server's priority in responding to the individual requests sent by these clients should be based on clients' time-varying playback buffer conditions. Previously, we presented that the server could wisely allocate its output capacity among the incoming requests and largely mitigate the rebufferings suffered by the clients, provided that the clients informed the server about their buffer statuses using the Common Media Client Data (CMCD) standard. In a more recent study, we developed an alternative solution to the same problem using the Common Media Server Data (CMSD) standard, which is still a work-in-progress in the CTA. In this solution, the server's response to a request that indicated a sufficient buffer level was delayed until the requests that indicated an insufficient buffer level were handled. The server attached a new CMSD parameter to the eventual response disclosing how long the delay was. This parameter avoided misinterpretation and the subsequent incorrect decision by the client's rate-adaptation logic. Our experiments (for which we offer the source code) showed that the proposed CMSD parameter eliminated unnecessary rate-shifting to lower bitrates while reducing the rebuffering rate as well as the rebuffering duration. — This paper summarizes these findings and illustrates other envisioned use cases for the CMSD standard.
Microcirculation of the Ankle after Cryo/Cuff Application in Healthy Volunteers (2005)

The aim of the study was to assess the combination of compression and cryotherapy (Cryo/Cuff ankle device) on parameters of ankle microcirculation in healthy volunteers over 30 min. In 21 volunteers (12 males, 29 +/- 10 years [incl. females], BMI 24 +/- 3) the Cryo/Cuff ankle device (AIRCAST, Summit, NJ, USA) was applied with continuous assessment of parameters of ankle microcirculation, such as tissue oxygen saturation (SO2), relative postcapillary venous filling pressures (rHb), and microcirculatory blood flow at 2- and 8-mm tissue depths during 30 min with the Oxygen-to-see System, a laser-Doppler-spectrophotometry-system (LEA Medizintechnik, Giessen, Germany). Superficial tissue oxygen saturation (SO2, 48 +/- 19 %) immediately dropped to 23 +/- 15 % (-52 %, p < 0.05) within the first 2 min after Cryo/Cuff activation with a consecutive slow decrease to 32 +/- 23 % (- 32 %, p < 0.05 vs. baseline) after 30 min. Deep SO2 (8 mm, 69 +/- 5 %) did not change within 30 min of Cryo/Cuff application (70 +/- 4 %, n.s.). Superficial postcapillary venous filling pressures (61 +/- 17 relative units) showed an immediate and sustained decrease after Cryo/Cuff application within four minutes to 37 +/- 18 relative units (-39 %, p < 0.05). Deep postcapillary venous filling pressures (85 +/- 20 relative units) dropped within the first four minutes of Cryo/Cuff application to 68 +/- 19 relative units (-20 %, p < 0.05). Superficial microcirculatory blood flow (21 +/- 36 relative units) decreased significantly to 7 +/- 5 relative units after 30 min (-69 %, p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Deep microcirculatory blood flow at 8 mm tissue depth (63 +/- 43 relative units) significantly decreased over the 30 min to 39 +/- 23 relative units (-47 %, p < 0.05 vs. baseline). Using the Oxygen-to-see system we could demonstrate significant effects of the Cryo/Cuff device on the ankle level in healthy volunteers with reduced superficial tissue oxygen saturation with preserved deep tissue oxygen saturation, reduced superficial and deep postcapillary venous filling pressures, and reduced superficial and deep microcirculatory blood flow as a function of time. Further clinical studies are mandatory to elucidate the effects of the Cryo/Cuff device on the microcirculatory environment in injured ankles.
Improved Oxygen Supply to Multicellular Spheroids Using A Gas-permeable Plate and Embedded Hydrogel Beads (2019)

Culture systems for three-dimensional tissues, such as multicellular spheroids, are indispensable for high-throughput screening of primary or patient-derived xenograft (PDX)-expanded cancer tissues. Oxygen supply to the center of such spheroids is particularly critical for maintaining cellular functions as well as avoiding the development of a necrotic core. In this study, we evaluated two methods to enhance oxygen supply: (1) using a culture plate with a gas-permeable polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane on the bottom, and; (2) embedding hydrogel beads in the spheroids. Culturing spheroids on PDMS increased cell growth and affected glucose/lactate metabolism and CYP3A4 mRNA expression and subsequent enzyme activity. The spheroids, comprised of 5000 Hep G2 cells and 5000 20 µm-diameter hydrogel beads, did not develop a necrotic core for nine days when cultured on a gas-permeable sheet. In contrast, central necrosis in spheroids lacking hydrogel beads was observed after day 3 of culture, even when using PDMS. These results indicate that the combination of gas-permeable culture equipment and embedded hydrogel beads improves culture 3D spheroids produced from primary or PDX-expanded tumor cells.
Adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with low levels of the novel Palmitic Acid Hydroxystearic Acids (2018)

Adipose tissue dysfunction is considered an important contributor to systemic insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes (T2D). Recently, a novel family of endogenous lipids, palmitic acid hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSAs), was discovered. These have anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects in mice and are reduced in serum and adipose tissue of insulin resistant humans. In the present study, we investigate if adipose tissue dysfunction is associated with reduced PAHSA levels in human subjects and if PAHSAs influence adipocyte differentiation. Our results show that low expression of adipocyte GLUT4 and adipocyte hypertrophy, markers of adipose tissue dysfunction, are associated with reduced expression of key enzymes for de novo lipogenesis and adipose tissue levels of PAHSAs in human subjects. We also show that GLUT4 is not only a marker of adipose tissue dysfunction, but may be causally related to the observed impairments. PAHSAs may also act locally in the adipose tissue to improve adipogenesis through a mechanism bypassing direct activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARγ). The discovery of PAHSAs and our current results provide novel insights into positive effects of lipid species in adipose tissue and mechanisms by which dysfunctional adipose tissue is associated with insulin resistance and risk of developing T2D.
[Truncal vagotomy in the surgical management of bleeding duodenal ulcer. Report of 50 cases (author's transl)]. (1980)

To control hemorrhage and eliminate the ulcerogenic mechanism, some surgeons have favored gastric resection and others have preferred the more conservative approach of a vagotomy. The analysis of our 50 cases has shown a high frequency of hemorrhage by arterial erosion. All the patients have been treated by transfixing the ulcer with a local suture, associated with a truncular vagotomy and a gastric drainage, the global mortality rate was 26%. The mortality rate in the group of patients with massive bleeding forcing emergency operation is 33%. No death was observed in the group of patients where bleeding was controlled firstly by non operative measures and operated on later. The patient's chances of survival are markedly improved in the group of younger patients. The analysis of literature have shown that the incidence of rebleeding is the same following vagotomy or partial gastrectomy. The post operative mortality rates after these two types of emergency operative procedures are also quite similar. In conclusion, direct ligation of the ulcer base in massive bleeding, coupled with vagotomy, seems to be the operation of choice.
Image reversal trilayer process using standard positive photoresist (2009)

Conventional trilayer schemes alleviate the decreasing photoresist budgets as well as satisfy the antireflection issues associated with high NA imaging. However, a number of challenges still exist with standard trilayer processing, most notable among which is the lack of broad resist compatibility and trade-offs associated with improving Si content, such as stability and lithography performance. One way to circumvent these issues is to use a silicon hard mask coated over a photoresist image of reverse tone to the desired pattern. Feasibility of this image reversal trilayer process was demonstrated by patterning of trenches and contact holes in a carbon hard mask from line and pillar photoresist images, respectively. This paper describes the lithography, pattern transfer process and materials developed for the image reversal trilayer processing.
Intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reward learning and daily-life reward-oriented behavior in first-degree relatives of individuals with psychotic disorder (2017)

These findings suggest intact striatal dopaminergic modulation of reinforcement learning and reward-oriented behavior in individuals with familial predisposition to psychosis. Furthermore, this study points towards a key link between striatal reward-related DA release and pursuit of ecologically relevant rewards.
Porcine Hypothalamic Aromatase Cytochrome P450: Isoform Characterization, Sex-Dependent Activity, Regional Expression, and Regulation by Enzyme Inhibition in Neonatal Boars1 (2009)

Domestic pigs have three CYP19 genes encoding functional paralogues of the enzyme aromatase cytochrome P450 (P450arom) that are expressed in the gonads, placenta, and preimplantation blastocyst. All catalyze estrogen synthesis, but the gonadal-type enzyme is unique in also synthesizing a nonaromatizable biopotent testosterone metabolite, 1OH-testosterone (1OH-T). P450arom is expressed in the vertebrate brain, is higher in males than females, but has not been investigated in pigs, to our knowledge. Therefore, these studies defined which of the porcine CYP19 genes was expressed, and at what level, in adult male and female hypothalamus. Regional expression was examined in mature boars, and regulation of P450arom expression in neonatal boars was investigated by inhibition of P450arom with letrozole, which is known to reprogram testicular expression. Pig hypothalami expressed the gonadal form of P450arom (redesignated the "gonadal/hypothalamic" porcine CYP19 gene and paralogue) based on functional analysis confirmed by cloning and sequencing transcripts. Hypothalamic tissue synthesized 1OH-T and was sensitive to the selective P450arom inhibitor etomidate. Levels were 4-fold higher in male than female hypothalami, with expression in the medial preoptic area and lateral borders of the ventromedial hypothalamus of boars. In vivo, letrozole-treated neonates had increased aromatase activity in hypothalami but decreased activity in testes. Therefore, although the same CYP19 gene is expressed in both tissues, expression is regulated differently in the hypothalamus than testis. These investigations, the first such studies in pig brain to our knowledge, demonstrate unusual aspects of P450arom expression and regulation in the hypothalamus, offering promise of gaining better insight into roles of P450arom in reproductive function.
Multiphoton dissociation of tetramethyl dloxetane at high densities: studies of chemiluminescence from solid-phase samples (1986)

The temporal and spectral characteristics of a detonating crystalline sample of tetramethyl dioxetane (TMDX) are studied after multiphoton excitation with single laser shots from a CO 2 TEA laser at 10.25 μ m. Time-dependent studies indicate that the emission consists of two components, which contribute almost equally to the total number of emitted photons. A fast emission rises after the laser pulse with an incubation period of ~1 μ s and decays in ~500 ns. A slow component appears at a delay of ~10 μ s and has a lifetime of ~100 μ s. The temporal profile of the emission is strongly dependent on the initial laser power. The incubation period of the fast component decreases with increasing laser power at a rate of 1.6 μ s per 1-J/cm 2 laser fluence. Furthermore, a larger proportion of the molecules are contained in the fast component as the laser power is increased. These results indicate that the intense short-lived emission is only possible when a large initial population of excited TMDX is created. The spectral profile of the emission resulting from solid TMDX at short times is remarkably narrow with a FWHM of 40 nm peaking at 440 nm. This is in contrast to gas-phase acetone phosphorescence (λ max = 460 nm) and fluorescence (λ max = 405 nm), which each have a FWHM of ~120 nm. Based on the time scale and the narrow spectral width, we tentatively assign the fast component of the emission to an excited singlet species in the solid TMDX sample.
A new method of increasing numerical aperture of microlens for biophotonic MEMS (2003)

A novel method for increasing numerical aperture of microlens for biophotonic applications is presented in this paper. It is based on the control of UV curable polymer lenslet volume and surface energy of substrates. The volume control of polymer lenslets for tuning the focal length is accomplished on the substrates with different surface energies by a microdispensing method. Microlens with high numerical aperture is fabricated on the control layer of a hydrophobic polymer deposited on the cover substrate of a microfluidic chip. Microlenses with different numerical apertures have been designed and characterized. The high numerical aperture microlens integrated on a microfluidic chip will allow high-resolution and high signal to noise detection in biophotonic MEMS applications.
Polyvinylamine‐coated polyester fibers as a carrier matrix for the immobilization of peroxidases (2017)

Biocatalytic transformations that employ immobilized enzymes become increasingly important for industrial applications. Synthetic or natural textile fiber materials such as polyester, polyamide or viscose are support materials that are comparatively inexpensive. Contrary to traditional support materials, their flexibility enables their use in reactors of any geometry and a fast and residue-free removal from batch reactors. In this study a permanently immobilized peroxidase (Baylase®) has been investigated on polyester felt as a solid support as a new heterogeneous catalyst system. The polyester felt was functionalized by coating with polyvinylamine and subsequent activation with glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The enzyme load on the textile surface, the activity of the immobilized protein after repeated use as well as the storage stability was evaluated. Scanning electron micrographs and UV Vis spectroscopy made it possible to verify the enzyme immobilization on the textile surface. Furthermore, the load of immobilized peroxidase was determined by ICP OE spectrometry to be 9-12 mg per gram of textile. The activity of immobilized Baylase® remained high over 35 reaction cycles and a storage period of 8 weeks.
Simultaneous Fermentation and Separation in the Ethanol and Abe Fermentation (1992)

Abstract Simultaneous separation of solvent products during fermentation reduces product inhibition and increases reactor productivity. Separation techniques used for simultaneous extraction during ethanol fermentation and butanol-acetone fermentation are reviewed. These techniques can be classified by product removal into gas phase (vacuum fermentation, gas stripping), liquid phase (liquid-liquid extraction, aqueous two-phase system), and solid phase (adsorption). Recent developments in separation techniques use membranes. Membrane separation techniques remove products into gas phase (pervaporation) and into liquid phase (perstraction) using either solid or liquid membranes. Liquid extractants which are nontoxic to microorganisms are required at large quantities because of their poor distribution coefficients. The required amount of solid adsorbents is also large. Gas stripping, pervaporation and perstraction share an advantage of clean product separation. Pervaporation and perstraction can overcome gas-liquid equilibrium unlike gas stripping, but have experienced flux limitation. This limitation can be resolved by developing new membranes with higher flux. Since perstraction requires alcohol recovery from extractants, pervaporation seems to be the most promising technique, but gas stripping is also attractive for large scale application.
The Role of Activated Macrophages in Specific and Nonspecific Cytostasis of Tumor Cells (1974)

Abstract Peritoneal macrophages but not peritoneal lymphocytes from mice chronically infected with the intracellular protozoan parasites Toxoplasma gondii and Besnoitia jellisoni had a marked cytostatic effect on a variety of tumor target cells. Cytostasis was quantitatively measured as an inhibition in uptake of tritium labeled thymidine (3H-TdR) by L cells, EMT-6 adenosarcoma, and lymphomas syngeneic for DBA/2 and C57BL mice within 6 hr after culture in vitro with protozoal-activated macrophages. Slight or no cytostasis was effected by normal macrophages from unstimulated mice or mice injected i.p. with starch or thioglycollate. Whereas the cytostatic capabilities of protozoal activated macrophages were directed nonspecifically against several types of tumor target cells regardless of histocompatability, specific cytostasis was demonstrated by macrophages from inbred mice immunized with allogeneic mouse lymphoma cells.
Anthra‐9,10‐quinones, Anthra‐1,2‐quinones, Anthra‐1,4‐quinones, Anthra‐2,9‐quinones, and Their Higher Fused Analogues (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.