gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unifying Isolated and Overlapping Audio Event Detection with Multi-Label\n Multi-Task Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks (2018)

We propose a multi-label multi-task framework based on a convolutional\nrecurrent neural network to unify detection of isolated and overlapping audio\nevents. The framework leverages the power of convolutional recurrent neural\nnetwork architectures; convolutional layers learn effective features over which\nhigher recurrent layers perform sequential modelling. Furthermore, the output\nlayer is designed to handle arbitrary degrees of event overlap. At each time\nstep in the recurrent output sequence, an output triple is dedicated to each\nevent category of interest to jointly model event occurrence and temporal\nboundaries. That is, the network jointly determines whether an event of this\ncategory occurs, and when it occurs, by estimating onset and offset positions\nat each recurrent time step. We then introduce three sequential losses for\nnetwork training: multi-label classification loss, distance estimation loss,\nand confidence loss. We demonstrate good generalization on two datasets:\nITC-Irst for isolated audio event detection, and TUT-SED-Synthetic-2016 for\noverlapping audio event detection.\n
Signal Fading in Radio Communications (2005)

Abstract In this article we describe the causes of signal fluctuation in wireless systems and describe the phenomena of short‐term and long‐term fading. Some of the topics included are narrowband and wideband fading, Rayleigh fading, Ricean fading, lognormal fading, level crossing rates, average fade duration, channel coherence time, Doppler spread, delay spread, and coherence bandwidth. The impact of fading on the performance of systems and in the design of cell size is discussed.
Spherical Polymer Containers with a Fluid Polymer Core:  Synthesis and Characterization of Film Formation by AFM (1999)

Two-stage emulsion polymerization controlled with a reaction calorimeter results in core−shell structured latexes with homogeneous size distribution and architecture. We describe the synthesis of so-called “container particles”, consisting of a low-viscosity core with a low glass transition temperature (poly(2-ethylhexyl methacrylate), (PEtHMA)), covered with a thin shell of a cross-linked rubber (poly(n-butyl acrylate), (PBA)). Drying of these dispersions results in nanostructured films. A controlled topography and a network superstructure are obtained, which may be adjusted by the size, composition, and architecture of the original particles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) in the tapping mode is used to study the final latex films. In addition to topographic information, it is possible to display, with a nanometer resolution, the amplitude and phase of response of the cantilever in each pixel, which images the remainder of the former core and shell by their different mechanical loss behavior. The degree of cross-linking of the second stage polymer (PBA) is found to be the major factor influencing the morphology of the polymer films formed. At lower cross-linking densities, even and surface mechanically homogeneous films are obtained. For highly cross-linked shells, it is shown by a combination of AFM modes that the containers collapse and release the low molecular weight liquid core to form a continuous film containing the single, collapsed units.
Error mitigation, optimization, and extrapolation on a trapped ion testbed (2023)

Current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) trapped-ion devices are subject to errors which can significantly impact the accuracy of calculations if left unchecked. A form of error mitigation called zero noise extrapolation (ZNE) can decrease an algorithm's sensitivity to these errors without increasing the number of required qubits. Here, we explore different methods for integrating this error mitigation technique into the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) algorithm for calculating the ground state of the HeH+ molecule at 0.8 Angstrom in the presence of realistic noise. Using the Quantum Scientific Computing Open User Testbed (QSCOUT) trapped-ion device, we test three methods of scaling noise for extrapolation: time-stretching the two-qubit gates, scaling the sideband amplitude parameter, and inserting two-qubit gate identity operations into the ansatz circuit. We find time-stretching and sideband amplitude scaling fail to scale the noise on our particular hardware in a way that can be directly extrapolated to zero noise. Scaling our noise with global gate identity insertions and extrapolating after variational optimization, we achieve an estimate of the ground state energy within -0.004 +- 0.04 Hartree; outside chemical accuracy, but greatly improved over our non-error-mitigated estimate with error 0.127 +- 0.008 Hartree. Our results show that the efficacy of this error mitigation technique depends on choosing the correct implementation for a given device architecture.
Post-Transcriptional Control of Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis Revealed by Transomic Analysis of the RNA-Binding Protein Puf3p (2017)

SUMMARY Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is a redox active lipid required for mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). How CoQ biosynthesis is coordinated with the biogenesis of OxPhos protein complexes is unclear. Here, we show that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae RNA-binding protein (RBP) Puf3p directly regulates CoQ biosynthesis. To establish the mechanism for this regulation, we employed a transomic strategy to identify mRNAs that not only bind Puf3p, but also are regulated by Puf3p in vivo . The CoQ biosynthesis enzyme Coq5p is a critical Put3p target: Puf3p regulates the level of Coq5p and prevents its toxicity, thereby enabling efficient CoQ production. In parallel, Puf3p represses a specific set of proteins involved in mitochondrial protein import, translation, and OxPhos complex assembly — pathways essential to prime mitochondrial biogenesis. Our data reveal a mechanism for post-transcriptionally coordinating CoQ production with OxPhos biogenesis and, more broadly, demonstrate the power of transomics for defining genuine targets of RBPs. HIGHLIGHTS The RNA binding protein (RBP) Puf3p regulates coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis Transomic analysis of RNAs, proteins, lipids, and metabolites defines RBP targets Puf3p regulates the potentially toxic CoQ biosynthesis enzyme Coq5p Puf3p couples regulation of CoQ with a broader program for controlling mitochondria
Screening of brinjal varieties for resistance to major insect pests (2020)

An investigation was carried out to study the morphological characters of brinjal varieties / genotypes against sucking pests and shoot and fruit borer of brinjal during Kharif 2018. Amongst the ten cultivars, BH-2 showed moderately resistant to infestation of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Gennadius), jassids (Amrasca bigutulla bigutulla Ishida) and shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenee) and also obtained higher fruityield followed by Utkal Keshari, JKJEH-6012, JB-262 and Pusa Upkar. Whereas, SBJH-691, Aussay, Utkal Jyoti and VR-2 showsmoderately susceptible to the pests. The cultivar JBH-3 observed susceptible to the major insect pests of brinjal.
Maize microsporogenesis (1989)

The use of maize (Zea mays L.) pollen for basic scientific research has been well documented, but the progression of clear cytological features of maize microsporogenesis has not been fully documented. This study was undertaken to identify cytologically the different developmental stages of maize pollen and to correlate them with morphological features of the developing maize tassel. Morphological changes in the length of the tassel, floret, and anther were recorded and correlated with six cytologically defined stages of microsporogenesis: premeiosis, meiosis, uninucleate stage, first pollen mitosis, second pollen mitosis, and mature pollen.Key words: cytogenetics, gametophyte, maize, microsporogenesis, pollen.
Load Sharing using IP Network Address Translation (LSNAT) (1998)

Network Address Translators (NATs) translate IP addresses in a datagram, transparent to end nodes, while routing the datagram. NATs have traditionally been been used to allow private network domains to connect to Global networks using as few as one globally unique IP address. In this document, we extend the use of NATs to offer Load share feature, where session load can be distributed across a pool of servers, instead of directing to a single server. Load sharing is beneficial to service providers and system administrators alike in grappling with scalability of servers with increasing session load.
Response to Jung et al. (2011)

Roman, Sabine MD, PhD1; Lin, Zhiyue MS1; Pandolfino, John E MD1; Kahrilas, Peter J MD1 Author Information
Vascular Wall-Resident CD44+ Multipotent Stem Cells Give Rise to Pericytes and Smooth Muscle Cells and Contribute to New Vessel Maturation (2011)

Here, we identify CD44(+)CD90(+)CD73(+)CD34(-)CD45(-) cells within the adult human arterial adventitia with properties of multipotency which were named vascular wall-resident multipotent stem cells (VW-MPSCs). VW-MPSCs exhibit typical mesenchymal stem cell characteristics including cell surface markers in immunostaining and flow cytometric analyses, and differentiation into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteocytes under culture conditions. Particularly, TGFß1 stimulation up-regulates smooth muscle cell markers in VW-MPSCs. Using fluorescent cell labelling and co-localisation studies we show that VW-MPSCs differentiate to pericytes/smooth muscle cells which cover the wall of newly formed endothelial capillary-like structures in vitro. Co-implantation of EGFP-labelled VW-MPSCs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells into SCID mice subcutaneously via Matrigel results in new vessels formation which were covered by pericyte- or smooth muscle-like cells generated from implanted VW-MPSCs. Our results suggest that VW-MPSCs are of relevance for vascular morphogenesis, repair and self-renewal of vascular wall cells and for local capacity of neovascularization in disease processes.
Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Adult Spinal Deformity (2015)

Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is a complex disease comprised of different deformity types that often involve the entire spine. Accurate assessment of ASD requires a thorough radiographic evaluation of both the spine and pelvis, including concomitant assessment of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spine, as well as the femoral heads and pelvis. Radiographic measurements should include assessment of regional alignment (including lumbar lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, C2-C7 lordosis), global alignment (including C7 SVA, C2-C7 SVA, and T1 pelvic angle), and measures of pelvic compensation and morphology (pelvic tilt, pelvic incidence, T1 slope, and C2-pelvic tilt). Together these radiographic parameters provide important information regarding how the ASD patient maintains upright posture and correlate with the patient's pain and disability. ASD surgical planning must integrate regional, global, and pelvic compensatory/morphologic parameters to adequately correct deformity and thereby provide pain relief and improve function. Radiographic classifications for cervical and thoracolumbar deformities have been developed that utilize the regional and global measures of spinal deformity that are most predictive of patient-reported pain and function. These classifications are aimed to standardize the assessment of ASD to aid in clinical management and to facilitate future research on the evaluation and treatment of ASD.
Site and Rate of Occlusive Disease in Cervicocerebral Arteries: A CT Angiography Study of 2209 Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke (2017)

CTA in patients with acute ischemic stroke shows large individual variations of occlusion sites and degrees. Approximately half of such patients have no visible occlusive disease, and 40% imaged within 6 hours show large, proximal segment occlusions amenable to endovascular therapy. These findings show the importance of early noninvasive imaging of extra- and intracranial arteries for identifying occlusive disease, planning recanalization strategies, and designing interventional trials.
Evaluation study of compressed sensing for neural spike recordings (2012)

In this paper, an evaluation study of compressed sensing (CS) for neural action potential (spike) signals in MATLAB is presented. State-of-the-art neural recorders use 100 or more parallel channels to measure neural activity resulting in a data rate of 16 - 20 Mbit/s. Since a low-power design is required for an implanted neural recorder, it seems advantageous to compress the neural data prior to the wireless transmission. The continuous neural spike signals are compressed and transmitted to facilitate the possibility of an unrestricted data analysis at the receiver. Synthesized and recorded neural data sets are used to test the performance of CS. The 6-level Daubechies-8 wavelet decomposition matrix and two learned dictionary matrices are utilized as dictionaries for CS. The compression results are evaluated with the spike sorting program OSort. CS is shown to work for the compression of low-noise synthesized neural spike signals with a compression rate of 2.05, but cannot be recommended for the compression of neural spike signals in general.
Zero Shot Learning via Low-rank Embedded Semantic AutoEncoder (2018)

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) has been widely researched and get successful in machine learning. Most existing ZSL methods aim to accurately recognize objects of unseen classes by learning a shared mapping from the feature space to a semantic space. However, such methods did not investigate in-depth whether the mapping can precisely reconstruct the original visual feature. Motivated by the fact that the data have low intrinsic dimensionality e.g. low-dimensional subspace. In this paper, we formulate a novel framework named Low-rank Embedded Semantic AutoEncoder (LESAE) to jointly seek a low-rank mapping to link visual features with their semantic representations. Taking the encoder-decoder paradigm, the encoder part aims to learn a low-rank mapping from the visual feature to the semantic space, while decoder part manages to reconstruct the original data with the learned mapping. In addition, a non-greedy iterative algorithm is adopted to solve our model. Extensive experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate its superiority over several state-of-the-art algorithms.
Serum IgG Response to Cryptosporidium Immunodominant Antigen gp15 and Polymorphic Antigen gp40 in Children with Cryptosporidiosis in South India (2011)

The surface-associated glycopeptides gp40, one of the most polymorphic Cryptosporidium antigens, and gp15, one of the most immunodominant Cryptosporidium antigens, are putative vaccine candidates because they mediate infection in vitro and induce immune responses in vivo. We evaluated antibody responses to these antigens before and after the first episode of symptomatic cryptosporidiosis in 51 children from a birth cohort study in an area in South India where Cryptosporidium is endemic and a major cause of parasitic diarrhea. IgG levels to gp15 and to homotypic and heterotypic gp40 antigens were measured in pre- and postdiarrheal sera by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). There was a significant IgG response to gp15 (P < 0.001) following the first episode of cryptosporidial diarrhea. Using a general additive model, we determined the estimated time of the peak IgG response to gp15 to be 9.3 weeks (confidence interval, 5.2 to 13.4) following the diarrheal episode. In a subset of 30 children infected with Cryptosporidium hominis subtype Ia, there was a significant difference in IgG responses to homotypic C. hominis Ia and to heterotypic Cryptosporidium parvum II gp40 antigens (P = 0.035). However, there was also a significant correlation (P = 0.001) in the responses to both antigens in individual children, suggesting that while responses are in part subtype specific, there is significant cross-reactivity to both antigens. This is the first report of the characterization of immune responses to cryptosporidiosis in Indian children and the first study to investigate human immune responses to the polymorphic gp40 antigen. However, further studies are needed to determine whether immune responses to these antigens are protective against subsequent infections.
Hydrogen‐Atom Direct‐Entry Mechanism into Metal Membranes (1995)

The hydrogen‐atom direct‐entry mechanism is used to explain why the steady‐state hydrogen permeation current density through a metal membrane is directly proportional to the cathodic current density, , and is independent of the membrane thickness when is small.
PERFORMANCE OF NOVEL MoS2 NANOPARTICLES BASED GRINDING FLUIDS IN MINIMUM QUANTITY LUBRICATION GRINDING (2008)

Molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) nanoparticles are known to possess exceptional tribological properties. This research evaluates the tribological behavior and performance of novel MoS2 nanoparticles based grinding fluids in minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) grinding of cast iron. Active MoS2 nanoparticles were added in low and high concentrations, to three commercially available base oils: 1) paraffin oil, 2) CANMIST oil and 3) soybean oil. To test value addition due to nanoparticles, their MQL grinding performances were compared with that of the pure base oils (without MoS2 nanoparticles) and with regular water based grinding fluid using flood cooling (wet) application. The results showed that lubricants with novel MoS2 nanoparticles significantly reduces the tangential grinding force and friction between the wear flats and the workpiece, increases G-ratio and improves the overall grinding performance in MQL applications.
Analysis of Single Event Transient Effects in Standard Delay Cells Based on Decoupling Capacitors (2022)

Single Event Transients (SETs), i.e., voltage glitches induced in combinational logic as a result of the passage of energetic particles, represent an increasingly critical reliability threat for modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) employed in space missions. In rad-hard ICs implemented with standard digital cells, special design techniques should be applied to reduce the Soft Error Rate (SER) due to SETs. To this end, it is essential to consider the SET robustness of individual standard cells. Among the wide range of logic cells available in standard cell libraries, the standard delay cells (SDCs) implemented with the skew-sized inverters are exceptionally vulnerable to SETs. Namely, the SET pulses induced in these cells may be hundreds of picoseconds longer than those in other standard cells. In this work, an alternative design of a SDC based on two inverters and two decoupling capacitors is introduced. Electrical simulations have shown that the propagation delay and SET robustness of the proposed delay cell are strongly influenced by the transistor sizes and supply voltage, while the impact of temperature is moderate. The proposed design is more tolerant to SETs than the SDCs with skew-sized inverters, and occupies less area compared to the hardening configurations based on partial and complete duplication. Due to the low transistor count (only six transistors), the proposed delay cell could also be used as a SET filter.
MDR1 gene polymorphisms and disposition of the P‐glycoprotein substrate fexofenadine (2002)

Ten Caucasian subjects homozygous for the wild-type allele at position 3435 (CC) and 10 individuals homozygous for T at position 3435 participated in this study. A single oral dose of 180 mg fexofenadine HCl was administered. Plasma and urine concentrations of fexofenadine were measured up to 72 h using a sensitive LC/MS method. In addition, P-glycoprotein function was assessed using efflux of the P-glycoprotein substrate rhodamine 123 from CD56+ cells. Results Fexofenadine plasma concentrations varied considerably among the study population. However, fexofenadine disposition was not significantly different between the CC and TT groups (e.g. AUC(0,infinity) CC vs TT: 3567.1+/-1535.5 vs 3910.1+/-1894.8 ng ml-1 h, NS; 95% CI on the difference -1364.9, 2050.9). In contrast, P-glycoprotein function was significantly decreased in CD56+ cells of the TT compared with the CC group (rhodamine fluorescence CC vs TT: 45.6+/-7.2% vs 61.1+/-12.3%, P<0.05; 95% CI on the difference 5.6, 25.5). Conclusions In spite of MDR1 genotype-dependent differences in P-glycoprotein function in peripheral blood cells, there was no association of the C3435T polymorphism with the disposition of the P-glycoprotein substrate fexofenadine in this German Caucasian study population. These data indicate that other mechanisms including uptake transporter function are likely to play a role in fexofenadine disposition.
SPECT imaging evaluation of 111indium-chelated cetuximab for diagnosing EGFR-positive tumor in an HCT-15-induced colorectal xenograft (2017)

We suggested that the <sup>111</sup>In-cetuximab was potential for early diagnosis and prognostic monitor of EGFR-positive CRC in further clinical practice.
Design Factors Affecting the Performance of Exhaust Manifold Reactors (1965)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Exhaust manifold reactors have been designed which, with air injection, reduced hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions from unmodified passenger car engines to very low levels. The high efficiency of the reactors resulted from the exceptional thermal insulation achieved by circulating exhaust gases around the reactor core and by using multiple radiation shields. Practical application of shielded, recirculation reactors is presently limited by the lack of durable materials of construction.&lt;/div&gt;
Quick evaluation method for solar modules with a luminescent down-shifting layer (2014)

The adding-doubling method is proposed as alternative to ray tracing simulations for the modeling of solar modules incorporating a luminescent down-shifting layer. The method is applied to investigate the luminescent effect under various irradiation conditions.
N-&-N, a new class of cell death-inducing kinase inhibitors derived from the purine roscovitine (2008)

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their regulators show frequent abnormalities in tumors. Ten low molecular weight pharmacologic inhibitors of CDKs are currently in clinical trials against various cancers, including the 2,6,9-trisubstituted purine (R)-roscovitine (CYC202/Seliciclib). We here report the characterization of N-&-N1, a bioisoster of roscovitine displaying improved antitumoral properties. N-&-N1 shows exquisite selectivity for CDKs, with 2- to 3-fold enhanced potency compared with (R)-roscovitine. Inhibition of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation and RNA polymerase II Ser2 phosphorylation in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells exposed to N-&-N1 indicates that N-&-N1 is able to inhibit CDKs in a cellular context. N-&-N1 also down-regulates the expression of RNA polymerase. Cocrystal structures of N-&-N1 and (R)-roscovitine in complex with CDK2/cyclin A reveal that both inhibitors adopt similar binding modes. A competitive assay shows that, compared with (R)-roscovitine, N-&-N1 has reduced affinity for Erk2 and pyridoxal kinase. N-&-N1 triggers cell death in a panel of diverse cell lines. Cell death is accompanied by events characteristic of apoptosis: cytochrome c release, activation of effector caspases, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Induction of p53 and p21CIP1 and down-regulation of the Mcl-1 antiapoptotic factor were also observed. Studies in mice show that N-&-N1 has pharmacokinetics properties similar to those of (R)-roscovitine. Altogether, these results show that analogues of (R)-roscovitine can be designed with improved antitumor potential.