gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium-Catalyzed Dehydrogenation of Ammonia Boranes (2008)

The dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and methylammonia borane (MeAB) is shown to be catalyzed by several Ru-amido complexes. Up to 1 equiv of H2 (1.0 system wt %) is released from AB by as little as 0.03 mol % Ru within 5 min, and up to 2 equiv of H2 (3.0 system wt %) are released from MeAB with 0.5 mol % Ru in under 10 min at room temperature, the first equivalent emerging within 10 s. Also, a mixture of AB/MeAB yields up to 3.6 system wt % H2 within 1 h with 0.1 mol % Ru. Computational studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of dehydrogenation of AB. Finally, it was shown that alkylamine-boranes can serve as a source of H2 in the Ru-catalyzed reduction of ketones and imines.
A New Spin on Small-Scale Combustor Geometry (2018)

The Ultra Compact Combustor (UCC) is an innovative combustor system alternative to traditional turbine engine combustors with the potential for engine efficiency improvements with a reduced volume. Historically, the UCC cavity had been configured such that highly centrifugally loaded combustion took place in a recessed circumferential cavity positioned around the outside diameter of the engine. One of the obstacles with this design was that the combustion products had to migrate radially across the span of a vane while being pushed downstream by a central core flow. This configuration proved difficult to produce a uniform temperature distribution at the first turbine rotor. The present study has taken a different spin on the implementation of circumferential combustion. Namely, it aims to combine the combustion and space saving benefits of the highly centrifugally loaded combustion of the UCC in a new combustor orientation that places the combustor axially upstream of the turbine versus radially outboard. An iterative design approach was used to computationally analyze this new geometry configuration with the goal of fitting within the casing of a JetCat P90RXi. This investigation revealed techniques for implementation of this concept including small-scale combustor centrifugal air loading development, maintaining combustor circumferential swirl, combustion stability, and fuel distribution are reported. Furthermore, dramatic improvements in the uniformity of the turbine inlet temperature profiles are revealed over historical UCC concepts.
NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collections (2021)

We present a learning-based method for synthesizing novel views of complex scenes using only unstructured collections of in-the-wild photographs. We build on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF), which uses the weights of a multi-layer perceptron to model the density and color of a scene as a function of 3D coordinates. While NeRF works well on images of static subjects captured under controlled settings, it is incapable of modeling many ubiquitous, real-world phenomena in uncontrolled images, such as variable illumination or transient occluders. We introduce a series of extensions to NeRF to address these issues, thereby enabling accurate reconstructions from unstructured image collections taken from the internet. We apply our system, dubbed NeRF-W, to internet photo collections of famous landmarks, and demonstrate temporally consistent novel view renderings that are significantly closer to photorealism than the prior state of the art.
The Nexus Between Ecological Risk Assessment and Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under CERCLA: Introduction to a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry Technical Workshop (2009)

A SETAC Technical Workshop titled "The Nexus Between Ecological Risk Assessment and Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under CERCLA: Understanding and Improving the Common Scientific Underpinnings," was held 18-22 August 2008 in Gregson, Montana, USA, to examine the linkage, nexus, and overlap between ecological risk assessment (ERA) and natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA). Experts from a broad range of relevant scientific, legal, and policy disciplines convened to 1) ascertain the potential for improved scientific harmonization of the processes of ERA and NRDA; 2) identify where statutory, regulatory, or scientific constraints might exist that would constrain or preclude the harmonization of the 2 processes; 3) determine approaches that might overcome these constraints; and 4) recommend research or potential changes in regulatory policies that might serve to improve both processes. This is the introduction to a series of 3 papers that describe the findings and conclusions of this workshop. Although unanimity was not achieved on all technical, legal, or policy questions posed to the participants, some consensus areas did arise. First, there appear to be few if any legal constraints to using the environmental data collected for ERA or NRDA for both processes. Second, although it is important to recognize and preserve the distinctions between ERA and NRDA, opportunities for data sharing exist, particularly for the characterization of environmental exposures and derivation of ecotoxicological information. Thus, effective coordination is not precluded by the underlying science. Where a cooperative, interactive process is involved among the response agencies, the natural resource trustees, and the responsible party(s), technical, legal or regulatory constraints can be minimized. Finally, one approach that might enhance the potential applicability of data collected for the ERA is to consider ecosystem services in the development of assessment endpoints. These points are explained in greater detail in the series of papers published herein.
A Phosphate Transporter Gene from the Extra-Radical Mycelium of an Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus Glomus intraradices Is Regulated in Response to Phosphate in the Environment (2001)

The majority of vascular flowering plants are able to form symbiotic associations with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. These symbioses, termed arbuscular mycorrhizas, are mutually beneficial, and the fungus delivers phosphate to the plant while receiving carbon. In these symbioses, phosphate uptake by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus is the first step in the process of phosphate transport to the plant. Previously, we cloned a phosphate transporter gene involved in this process. Here, we analyze the expression and regulation of a phosphate transporter gene (GiPT) in the extra-radical mycelium of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices during mycorrhizal association with carrot or Medicago truncatula roots. These analyses reveal that GiPT expression is regulated in response to phosphate concentrations in the environment surrounding the extra-radical hyphae and modulated by the overall phosphate status of the mycorrhiza. Phosphate concentrations, typical of those found in the soil solution, result in expression of GiPT. These data imply that G. intraradices can perceive phosphate levels in the external environment but also suggest the presence of an internal phosphate sensing mechanism.
From by-product to valuable components: Efficient enzymatic conversion of lactose in whey using β-galactosidase from Streptococcus thermophilus (2016)

β-Galactosidase from <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> was overexpressed in a food-grade organism, <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> WCFS1. Laboratory cultivations yielded 11,000 U of β-galactosidase activity per liter of culture corresponding to approximately 170 mg of enzyme. Crude cell-free enzyme extracts obtained by cell disruption and subsequent removal of cell debris showed high stability and were used for conversion of lactose in whey permeate. The enzyme showed high transgalactosylation activity. When using an initial concentration of whey permeate corresponding to 205 g L<sup>-1</sup> lactose, the maximum yield of galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) obtained at 50°C reached approximately 50% of total sugar at 90% lactose conversion, meaning that efficient valorization of the whey lactose was obtained. GOS are of great interest for both human and animal nutrition; thus, efficient conversion of lactose in whey into GOS using an enzymatic approach will not only decrease the environmental impact of whey disposal, but also create additional value.
Temperature rise and safety considerations for radiation force ultrasound imaging (2002)

Current models for estimating temperature increase during ultrasound exposure calculate the steady-state rise, using time-averaged acoustic output, as the worst case for safety consideration. While valid for the typically very short (microsecond) pulses used by conventional diagnostic techniques, this analysis does not necessarily correspond to a worst case scenario for the longer pulses or pulse bursts used by a new method, radiation force imaging. Radiation force imaging, employing ultrasound pulse durations up to hundreds of milliseconds, produces and detects motion in solid tissue or acoustic streaming in fluids via a high intensity beam. Models that calculate the transient temperature rise from these pulses are developed for both the bone at focus and soft tissue cases. Based on accepted time–temperature dose criteria, it is shown that for pulse lengths and intensities utilized by this technique, temperature may increase to levels that raise safety concerns for bone at the focus of the ultrasound beam. Also, the impact on this modality of the current U.S. Food and Drug Administration output limits for diagnostic ultrasound devices is discussed.
Distributed servers approach for large-scale secure multicast (2002)

In order to offer backward and forward secrecy for multicast applications (i.e., a new member cannot decrypt the multicast data sent before its joining and a former member cannot decrypt the data sent after its leaving), the data encryption key has to be changed whenever a user joins or leaves the system. Such a change has to be made known to all the current users. The bandwidth used for such re-key messaging can be high when the user pool is large. We propose a distributed servers approach to minimize the overall system bandwidth (and complexity) by splitting the user pool into multiple groups each served by a (logical) server. After presenting an analytic model for the system based on a hierarchical key tree, we show that there is an optimal number of servers to achieve minimum system bandwidth. As the underlying user traffic fluctuates, we propose a simple dynamic scheme with low overhead where a physical server adaptively splits and merges its traffic into multiple groups each served by a logical server so as to minimize its total bandwidth. Our results show that a distributed servers approach is able to substantially reduce the total bandwidth required as compared with the traditional single-server approach, especially for those applications with a large user pool, short holding time, and relatively low bandwidth of a data stream, as in the Internet stock quote applications.
Comb-like profiled fibre for efficient generation of high quality 160 GHz sub-picosecond soliton train (2005)

A comb-like profiled fibre (CPF), an alternate concatenation of a dispersive fibre and nonlinear fibre, is capable of emulating an arbitrary dispersion profile over distance for high quality optical pulse compression. It is demonstrated experimentally that CPF is efficient for the reshaping of an optical beat signal into a high quality 160 GHz 730 fs soliton pulse train with remarkably low noise, while stimulated Brillouin scattering was well suppressed.
An electrophoretic analysis of the acid-insoluble chromosomal proteins from different organs of maize seedlings (1975)

Journal Article An electrophoretic analysis of the acid-insoluble chromosomal proteins from different organs of maize seedlings Get access Leigh E. Towill, Leigh E. Towill Department of Botany, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 48104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Larry D. Noodén Larry D. Noodén Department of Botany, The University of MichiganAnn Arbor, Michigan 48104, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Plant and Cell Physiology, Volume 16, Issue 6, December 1975, Pages 1073–1084, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a075226 Published: 01 December 1975 Article history Received: 12 August 1975 Published: 01 December 1975
High Efficiency Cu-ZnO Hydrogenation Catalyst: The Tailoring of Cu-ZnO Interface Sites by Molecular Layer Deposition (2015)

This paper describes a molecular layer deposition (MLD)-assisted route for the preparation of Cu-ZnO catalysts used in the hydrogenation of levulinic acid to produce γ-valerolactone. A Cu precursor supported on multiwalled carbon nanotubes was coated with Zn-polyurea organic–inorganic hybrid films via MLD first, and the catalyst was obtained after calcination and reduction under mild conditions. The produced catalysts exhibited remarkably enhanced selectivity, efficiency, and stability due to the created Cu-ZnO interface sites (Cu0Zn) and the cooperative effect between Cu0Zn and Cu+. The ratio of Cu0Zn sites could be simply modified by changing the MLD cycle number. The correlation between catalytic activity and the ratio of different Cu species (Cu0Zn, Cu0, and Cu+) suggests that Cu0Zn is the main active site and responsible for the remarkably enhancing catalytic activity and low apparent activation energy.
Relieving Traffic Congestion and Accommodating Travel Growth without Expanding Highways: A Policy Evaluation for the Eastern Segment of the Capital Beltway (2023)

This paper evaluates a congestion management concept involving conversion of two existing general-purpose freeway lanes per direction on an 8-lane freeway (with 4 lanes per direction) to priced lanes offering free access for high-occupancy vehicles, in conjunction with cash payments to incentivize a sufficient number of commuters to travel as passengers in transit, carpools or vanpools such that congestion on the remaining free lanes would be no worse than it was before the conversion. Building on prior research, we use a refined modeling process to explore the viability of implementation of the concept on the eastern segment of the Capital Beltway in the Washington, DC metro area. The results of the analysis suggest that the strategy can benefit users of shared travel modes and toll-payers, improve travel speeds on toll-free general-purpose lanes, generate significant surplus revenues to support capital investments and operating subsidies for shared travel modes, and can absorb traffic growth through 2040.
Wafer-Level Heterogeneous Integration of GaN HEMTs and Si (100) MOSFETs (2011)

This letter demonstrates a new technology for the heterogeneous integration of GaN and Si devices, which is scalable at least up to 4-in wafers and compatible with conventional Si fabrication. The key step in the proposed technology is the fabrication of a Si (100)-GaN-Si hybrid wafer by bonding a silicon (100) on insulator (SOI) wafer to the nitride surface of an AlGaN/GaN on Si (111) wafer. A thin layer of silicon oxide is used to enhance the bonding between the SOI and the AlGaN/GaN wafers. Using this technology, Si pMOSFETs and GaN high-electron-mobility transistors have been fabricated on a 4-in hybrid wafer. Due to the high-temperature stability of GaN as well as the high-quality semiconductor material resulting from the transfer method, these devices exhibit excellent performance. A hybrid power amplifier has been fabricated as a circuit demonstrator, which shows the potential to integrate GaN and Si devices on the same chip to enable new performance in high-efficiency power amplifiers, mixed signal circuits, and digital electronics.
Authenticity, Depression, and Deep Brain Stimulation (2011)

OPINION article Front. Integr. Neurosci., 23 May 2011 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2011.00021
Bilayer Isotropic Thermal Cloak (2013)

Invisibility has attracted intensive research in various communities, e.g., optics, electromagnetics, acoustics, thermodynamics, etc. However, the most of them have only been experimentally achieved by virtue of simplified approaches due to their inhomogeneous and extreme parameters imposed by transformation-optic method, and usually require challenging realization with metamaterials. In this paper, we demonstrate an advanced bilayer thermal cloak with naturally available materials first time. This scheme, directly from thermal conduction equation, has been validated as an exact cloak rather than a reduced one, and we experimentally confirmed its perfect performance (heat-front maintenance and heat protection) in an actual setup. The proposed scheme may open a new avenue to control the diffusive heat flow in ways inconceivable with phonons.
A source-synchronous double-data-rate parallel optical transceiver IC (2005)

Source-synchronous double-data-rate (DDR) signaling is widely used in electrical interconnects to eliminate clock recovery and to double communication bandwidth. This paper describes the design of a parallel optical transceiver integrated circuit (IC) that uses source-synchronous DDR optical signaling. On the transmit side, two 8-b electrical inputs are multiplexed, encoded, and sent over two high-speed optical links. On the receive side, the procedure is reversed to produce two 8-b electrical outputs. The proposed IC integrates analog vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), drivers and optical receivers with digital DDR multiplexing, serialization, and deserialization circuits. It was fabricated in a 0.5-/spl mu/m silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. Linear arrays of quad VCSELs and photodetectors were attached to the proposed transceiver IC using flip-chip bonding. A free-space optical link system was constructed to demonstrate correct IC functionality. The test results show successful transceiver operation at a data rate of 500 Mb/s with a 250-MHz DDR clock, achieving a gigabit of aggregate bandwidth. While the proposed DDR scheme is well suited for low-skew fiber-ribbon, free-space, and waveguide optical links, it can also be extended to links with higher skew with the addition of skew-compensation circuitry. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of parallel optical transceivers that use source-synchronous DDR signaling.
On pentavalent perfluoroorgano bismuth compounds (1989)

The reactions of Bi(R f ) 3 (R f = CF 3 , C 6 F 5 ) with a series of oxidizing halogenation reagents have been investigated. From the reactions of Bi(R f ) 3 with Cl 2 , Br 2 , I2, ICl, and IF 5 no oxidation to Bi(V) compounds can be detected; in all cases the Bi(III) halides and the corresponding R f X compounds are formed. Only the reaction of Bi(C 6 F 5 ) 3 with XeF 2 yields the perfluoroorganobismuth(V) compound Bi(C 6 F 5 ) 3 F 2 . Keywords: bismuth perfluoroorganic compounds, polar perfluoroorganylations, oxidation with xenon difluoride.
Probing exciton species in atomically thin WS2–graphene heterostructures (2019)

We report on a detailed study of temperature-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy of monolayer WS2 grown on epitaxial graphene. The study reveals for the first time the intrinsic excitonic effects of WS2 supported on one- and two-layer graphene (2LG) from room temperature to 83 K, with both excitons and trions evidenced in the entire temperature range and temperature-independent trion dissociation. All emission peaks exhibit a shift towards higher energy with decreasing temperature due to band gap renormalisation induced by electron–phonon interaction. A highly linear dependence of the photoluminescence with the excitation power is found for both WS2 on one- and 2LG, confirming the excitonic nature of associated transitions and the high crystal quality of the WS2-graphene heterostructure.
Carbamyl phosphate synthetase in the chick (1969)

Carbamyl phosphate synthetase activity is present in the liver of the chick embryo and in the young chick. This enzyme activity is not dependent upon acetylglutamate and is not present in the mitochondrial fraction. Because the urea cycle is not present in chick liver and because of the developmental pattern of the enzyme activity, we infer that this enzyme is involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis.
Pain during ice water test distinguishes clinical bladder hypersensitivity from overactivity disorders (2006)

The BCR in DO may reflect loss of central inhibition, which appears necessary to elicit this reflex; the pain elicited in PBS suggests afferent sensitisation, hence sensory symptoms are evoked but not reflex detrusor contractions. The ice water test may be a useful and simple marker for clinical trials in PBS, particularly for novel selective TRPM8 antagonists.
Monitoring β‐Secretase Activity in Living Cells with a Membrane‐Anchored FRET Probe (2012)

Anschalten! β-MAP ist eine empfindliche FRET-Sonde, die für das mit der Alzheimer-Krankheit assoziierte Enzym β-Sekretase (BACE) spezifisch ist. Nach Hydrolyse durch BACE fluoresziert die Sonde und ermöglicht die räumliche und zeitliche Echtzeit-Analyse der enzymatischen Aktivität in lebenden Zellen. Ohne mutierte Zelllinien oder Antikörper zu benötigen, wurde mit β-MAP die zelluläre Wirksamkeit eines beschriebenen Inhibitors bestätigt. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Functional nutrition as integrated approach in vitiligo management (2018)

Vitiligo is a common disease of unknown cause that produces disfiguring white patches of depigmentation that can be treated using various new and experimental therapies, such as narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) microphototherapy, NB-UVB excimer laser, and monochromatic excimer light. Medical treatments include topical corticosteroids and other topical treatments, such as antioxidants, tacrolimus and pimecrolimus, prostaglandin E, and vitamin D derivatives (Lotti, Berti, & Moretti, 2009). The goal of treating vitiligo is to make it less noticeable either by restoring lost pigment or by eliminating remaining pigment. Functional foods and healthy diet, with nutrients, form a variety of sources, could be considered an integral part, as well as helpful, of vitiligo's medical therapy.
Energy aware optimization of mobile metro-core network under predictable aggregated traffic patterns (2016)

The high predictability in human mobility patterns is a valuable information to optimize resource allocation and increase energy efficiency by effectively adapting to expected traffic load variations. In this work, we addressed the impact of human mobility patterns of mobile users in a metro area over the aggregated traffic offered to the mobile metro-core networks. Exploiting predictable trends recognized in aggregated traffic, we propose two optimization methods to reduce the energy consumption in the optical layer of metro-core networks. Our results display energy savings of more than 20% by introducing load adaptive network operation.