gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Millimeter wave radiometers for applications in imaging and nondestructive testing (2015)

This paper describes the development and characterisation of broadband radiometers centered at 94 and 183 GHz for passive millimeter wave imaging and NDT applications. The W-band radiometer has been built and tested using both fundamental and sub-harmonic mixer configurations. The 183 GHz radiometer uses a sub-harmonic mixer at the front-end and has an LO that is common with the fundamentally pumped W-band receiver. In this case the LO is supplied via a ~30 GHz source which is frequency tripled to 90 GHz with a conversion efficiency of around 10 %. The IF bandwidth for both fundamental and sub-harmonic W-band mixers is about 18 GHz while the 183 GHz mixer is 12 GHz. The room temperature DSB mixer noise temperature was measured to be around 500 K with a conversion loss of approximately 5 dB for 94 GHz and 183 GHz channels. NETD results for these radiometers are also presented.
Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) expression in non-small-cell lung cancer: correlation with regulatory FOXP3+T-cell tumour stroma infiltration (2020)

The study provides a basis for testing CA9 as a marker of resistance to immune-checkpoint inhibitors and as a therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy.
Quo vadisnatural fibres in 21st century? (2016)

The global production of natural fibres is evaluated at the level 35–40 million tons/year. It is expected that the global megatrends in population growth, prosperity growth, climate change and limited cotton supply, increase in fiber consumption will lead to a demand overhang for other cellulosic fibers, including new lately discovered natural fibres. There is fierce competition between natural and man-made fibres and also both types co-exist on markets mainly in terms of quality, sustainability and physiological influence in human body. The paper focuses on the novel trends in natural fibres processing and utilization, recently explored natural fibres and their potential.
A rapid and sensitive culture test for detecting herpes simplex virus from the eye. (1985)

A rapid and sensitive culture test has been developed for detecting herpes simplex virus (HSV) in ocular infections. The virus is cultured by inoculation and centrifugation of cell monolayers grown on coverslips and the inclusions detected by an indirect immunofluorescence technique. This rapid test takes only two days to complete. By comparison, in our hands the conventional culture test, which depends on the development of cytopathic effect, took between 1 and 20 days with a mean of 4.7 days. Of the 1638 ocular clinical specimens inoculated in parallel by the two methods a total of 188 were positive for HSV. The virus was detected from 184 (97.8%) specimens by the rapid test and from 144 (76.6%) by the conventional test (McNemar's test, U = 5.76, p less than 0.001).
Training Agent for First-Person Shooter Game with Actor-Critic Curriculum Learning (2017)

In this paper, we propose a novel framework for training vision-based agent for First-Person Shooter (FPS) Game, in particular Doom.
Our framework combines the state-of-the-art reinforcement learning approach (Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (A3C) model) with curriculum learning. Our model is simple in design and only uses game states from the AI side, rather than using opponents' information. On a known map, our agent won 10 out of the 11 attended games and the champion of Track1 in ViZDoom AI Competition 2016 by a large margin, 35\% higher score than the second place.
Substance P Immunoreaction and Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Cornea and Gasserian Ganglion (1983)

Nerves showing acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity or immunoreactivity for substance P (SP) were demonstrated in the human cornea. AChE-positive fibres were found in stromal nerve trunks from where they penetrated Bowman's membrane and formed a basal epithelial plexus. Intraepithelial terminals arose from this network. SP immunoreactive nerve fibres showed similar architecture but were fewer. Both SP immunoreaction and histochemical AChE reaction were demonstrated consecutively in the same tissue section cut from both human and rabbit cornea. Stromal nerve trunks were found to contain SP immunoreactive and AChE-positive nerve fibres. However, the AChE-positive fibres were much more frequent than those immunoreactive for SP. In the rabbit Gasserian ganglion all neurons showed AChE activity but only some 20% were SP positive. It is concluded that all the sensory trigeminal nerve fibres of the cornea show AChE activity but only a proportion of them contain SP-like material.
Electrically alterable programmable logic array (EAPLA) (1980)

A functional Electrically Alterable Programmable Logic Array (EAPLA) has been developed to serve as fast turn-around-time engineering hardware for custom structured macro design in VLSI. A novel electrically alterable, floating gate memory device has been developed with double polysilicon technology. It was used in the PLA array such that the personalization patterns of the PLA can be electrically altered in the users' laboratory after packaging. The non-volatile memory device employs channel hot electron injection to write and junction avalanche breakdown hot hole injection or Fowler-Nordheim electron tunneling across the oxides to erase. Unique features of the cell structures and implementation to the EAPLA will be discussed.
Is gastric electrical stimulation superior to standard pharmacologic therapy in improving GI symptoms, healthcare resources, and long‐term health care benefits? (2005)

We conclude that GES is more effective in improving long-term GI symptoms and costs, and decreasing use of healthcare resources than intensive medical therapy, in this sample of patients with the symptoms of GP followed for 3 years. Certain patients with GP form a high-risk group in terms of costs, quality of life, morbidity and mortality.
Text to Game Characterization: A Starting Point for Generative Adversarial Video Composition (2018)

Recently, image generation using GAN is emerging as a new solution for unsupervised learning. However, a solution of generating data that have complex correlations such as video remain unclear. This paper proposes a generative adversarial network (GAN) for video generation. The proposed model can capture spatio-temporal dependency of a given data distribution by untangling a video using the temporal attention of natural languages and their associated spatial properties. The authors have experimented with GAN learning from the perspective of a GAN model to analyze the associated issues when compared to the baseline, and have attempted to find breakthroughs for providing a bridge for future research.
An Optimization Framework for Decision Making in Large, Collaborative Energy Supply Systems (2016)

As demand for electricity in the U.S. continues to increase, it is necessary to explore the means through which the modern power supply system can accommodate both increasing affluence (which is accompanied by increased per-capita consumption) and the continually growing global population. Though there has been a great deal of research into the theoretical optimization of large-scale power systems, research into the use of an existing power system as a foundation for this growth has yet to be fully explored. Current successful and robust power generation systems that have significant renewable energy penetration—despite not having been optimized a priori—can be used to inform the advancement of modern power systems to accommodate the increasing demand for electricity. This work explores how an accurate and state-of-the-art computational model of a large, regional energy system can be employed as part of an overarching power systems optimization scheme that looks to inform the decision making process for next generation power supply systems. Research scenarios that explore an introductory multi-objective power flow analysis for a case study involving a regional portion of a large grid will be explored, along with a discussion of future research directions.
X‐Ray Powder Diffraction Data for Two Hexagonal Aluminum Monoxycarbide Phases (1982)

Aluminum monoxycarbide formed when Al 2 O 3 is reduced by carbon in the presence of Si 3 N 4 gives two X‐ray diffraction profiles. The high‐temperature phase exhibits the normal 2H wurtzite‐type pattern, whereas the low‐temperature phase produces three major lines in addition to the 2H profile. Interplanar spacings and lattice dimensions are reported, both phases can be regarded as solid solutions with AIN and / or SiC. It is suggested that the p‐Al 4 SiC 4 reported by Barczak may have been a mixture of these monoxycarbides.
The Effect of Energy Substrate Concentration and Amino Acids on the In Vitro Development of Preimplantation Porcine Embryos (2007)

As the pig becomes increasingly used for biomedical research, an effective and efficient in vitro culture system is essential. This study aimed to improve the commonly used porcine embryo culture medium, NCSU23, by altering the energy substrates and adding amino acids, using electrically activated diploid parthenotes from oocytes obtained from the ovaries of prepubertal and adult animals. Morphological development to day 6 and blastocyst cell number were examined. Glucose (5.56 mM) was replaced by pyruvate and lactate (0.2 mM and 5.7 mM, respectively) for either the entire culture period or for the first 48 h only. Blastocyst rates were not different between any of the treatments, and were similar for prepubertal and adult oocytes. When the embryos were cultured with pyruvate and lactate for the first 48 h and then glucose, there was a significant increase in blastocyst cell number compared to glucose only. Blastocysts produced using pyruvate and lactate for the entire time tended to have more cells than those exposed to glucose only and less than those who were cultured in pyruvate and lactate for the first 48 h and then glucose. Nonessential amino acids added for the first 48 h and nonessential and essential amino acids added for the remaining time significantly increased blastocyst cell number only when the embryos were grown in pyruvate and lactate followed by glucose. Blastocyst rates were not different between any of the treatments, and this result was the same when using sow or gilt oocytes. The modified medium was then tested using in vitro matured and fertilized embryos from sow oocytes. Blastocyst rates and cell number were significantly increased in the modified medium compared to those grown in unmodified NCSU23. This shows that altering energy substrates and adding amino acids can increase the quantity and cell number of IVP blastocysts compared with NCSU23.
Imaginary interfaces (2010)

Screen-less wearable devices allow for the smallest form factor and thus the maximum mobility. However, current screen-less devices only support buttons and gestures. Pointing is not supported because users have nothing to point at. However, we challenge the notion that spatial interaction requires a screen and propose a method for bringing spatial interaction to screen-less devices.
Multiphoton microscopy in life sciences (2000)

Near infrared (NIR) multiphoton microscopy is becoming a novel optical tool of choice for fluorescence imaging with high spatial and temporal resolution, diagnostics, photochemistry and nanoprocessing within living cells and tissues. Three-dimensional fluorescence imaging based on non-resonant two-photon or three-photon fluorophor excitation requires light intensities in the range of MW cm(-2) to GW cm(-2), which can be derived by diffraction limited focusing of continuous wave and pulsed NIR laser radiation. NIR lasers can be employed as the excitation source for multifluorophor multiphoton excitation and hence multicolour imaging. In combination with fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), this novel approach can be used for multi-gene detection (multiphoton multicolour FISH). Owing to the high NIR penetration depth, non-invasive optical biopsies can be obtained from patients and ex vivo tissue by morphological and functional fluorescence imaging of endogenous fluorophores such as NAD(P)H, flavin, lipofuscin, porphyrins, collagen and elastin. Recent botanical applications of multiphoton microscopy include depth-resolved imaging of pigments (chlorophyll) and green fluorescent proteins as well as non-invasive fluorophore loading into single living plant cells. Non-destructive fluorescence imaging with multiphoton microscopes is limited to an optical window. Above certain intensities, multiphoton laser microscopy leads to impaired cellular reproduction, formation of giant cells, oxidative stress and apoptosis-like cell death. Major intracellular targets of photodamage in animal cells are mitochondria as well as the Golgi apparatus. The damage is most likely based on a two-photon excitation process rather than a one-photon or three-photon event. Picosecond and femtosecond laser microscopes therefore provide approximately the same safe relative optical window for two-photon vital cell studies. In labelled cells, additional phototoxic effects may occur via photodynamic action. This has been demonstrated for aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX and other porphyrin sensitizers in cells. When the light intensity in NIR microscopes is increased to TW cm(-2) levels, highly localized optical breakdown and plasma formation do occur. These femtosecond NIR laser microscopes can also be used as novel ultraprecise nanosurgical tools with cut sizes between 100 nm and 300 nm. Using the versatile nanoscalpel, intracellular dissection of chromosomes within living cells can be performed without perturbing the outer cell membrane. Moreover, cells remain alive. Non-invasive NIR laser surgery within a living cell or within an organelle is therefore possible.
<title>Recent progress in collisionally excited x-ray laser research at the Institute of Laser Engineering</title> (1994)

It is shown that curved slab targets are effective in compensating x-ray refraction due to electron density gradient in the expanding plasma. Significant improvement in the beam divergence and laser intensity has been observed. Soft x-ray laser of 1 mrad divergence has been generated in double- pass amplification of a collisionally-excited Ne-like Ge laser with the curved target. Generation of a polarized beam with a polarizing half cavity is described. Initial results of in-line holography as well as Fourier transform holography using the Ge laser as the light source are also presented.
Molecular crowding facilitates ribozyme-catalyzed RNA assembly (2023)

ABSTRACT Catalytic RNAs or ribozymes are considered to be central to primordial biology. Most ribozymes require moderate to high concentrations of divalent cations such as Mg 2+ to fold into their catalytically competent structures and perform catalysis. However, undesirable effects of Mg 2+ such as hydrolysis of reactive RNA building blocks and degradation of RNA structures are likely to undermine its beneficial roles in ribozyme catalysis. Further, prebiotic cell-like compartments bounded by fatty acid membranes are destabilized in the presence of Mg 2+ , making ribozyme function inside prebiotically relevant protocells a significant challenge. Therefore, we sought to identify conditions that would enable ribozymes to retain activity in low concentrations of Mg 2+ . Inspired by the ability of ribozymes to function inside crowded cellular environments with &lt;1 mM free Mg 2+ , we tested molecular crowding as a potential mechanism to lower the Mg 2+ concentration required for ribozyme-catalyzed RNA assembly. Here, we show that the ribozyme-catalyzed ligation of phosphorimidazolide RNA substrates is significantly enhanced in the presence of the artificial crowding agent polyethylene glycol. We also found that molecular crowding preserves ligase activity under denaturing conditions such as alkaline pH and the presence of urea. We also show that crowding-induced stimulation of RNA-catalyzed RNA assembly is not limited to phosphorimidazolide ligation but extends to the RNA-catalyzed polymerization of nucleoside triphosphates. RNA-catalyzed RNA ligation is also stimulated by the presence of prebiotically relevant small molecules such as ethylene glycol, ribose, and amino acids, consistent with a role for molecular crowding in primordial ribozyme function and more generally, in the emergence of RNA-based cellular life. Table of Contents Graphic SYNOPSIS Molecular crowding enables ribozyme-catalyzed RNA assembly under low Mg 2+ conditions, and consequently may have played an essential role in the origin and evolution of RNA-based primordial life.
Layer-by-Layer Assembled Carbon Nanotube Composites for Neural Interfacing. (2010)

This dissertation investigates the utility of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled carbon nanotube (CNT) composites as a neural interfacing material. The theoretical framework behind this research is based on the unique properties of CNTs and the ability of the LBL technique to impart multifunctionality into nanostructured thin films. The combination of CNTs and LBL assembly provides an opportunity to create materials with precisely controlled mechanical, electrochemical, and biological properties suitable for neural interfacing. In this dissertation, LBL assembled CNT-polyelectrolyte films were demonstrated to be biocompatible with neural cells using high-content screening methods. Moreover, these CNT composite films also supported the differentiation and electrical stimulation of neural stem cells, which hold promising therapeutic potentials. The electrochemical properties of LBL assembled CNT composites were established and found to outperform those of existing and emerging electrode materials. The incorporation of appropriate biological molecules into the CNT LBL films enabled the demonstration of enhanced neural stem cell differentiation and gene delivery that programmed multipotent cells into neurons. Finally, we purposed an in vitro 3D neural tissue model that can be used to facilitate the testing of electrode coatings designed to mitigate electrode-induced gliosis. The goal of this dissertation is to contribute to the development of next-generation neural electrode technologies, as well as to the fundamental understanding of both cellular response to nanomaterials and manipulation of cell behavior through nanostructured materials.
PRECISION BAND SPRAYING WITH MACHINE-VISION GUIDANCE AND ADJUSTABLE YAW NOZZLES (1997)

A system was developed for precision, ground-based application of foliar sprays to rows of small plants. Thesystem consisted of a machine-vision guidance system that positioned spray nozzles directly above each row of smallplants. An electrically actuated mechanical linkage rotated flat-fan spray nozzles about their central axes to vary the yawangle of the fans relative to the direction of travel. The nozzle rotation effectively changed the width of the spray patternrelative to the direction of travel and allowed the spray band to be adjusted to match the width of the target plants. Thesystem was evaluated on young stands of tomatoes and lettuce by measuring spray deposition on the plants andsurrounding soil. The precision system allowed spray application rates to be reduced by 66 to 80% and increased spraydeposition efficiency on the target plants by 2.5 to 3.7 times greater than conventional broadcast spraying. Nontargetdeposition on soil surfaces was reduced by 72% to 90%. Airborne displacement of spray liquid from the spray boom, asmeasured by collection strings surrounding the boom structure, was reduced by 62 to 93%. The reduction in displacementsuggested that spray drift from precision applications could be significantly less than that from conventional applications.
Records of Ectoparasites Collected on Ospreys from Ontario (1997)

Ectoparasites were collected from ospreys (Pandion haliaetus) in four study areas within the Great Lakes basin of Ontario, Canada. Two parasitic mite (Acari) species, Bonnetella fusca and Analloptes sp., were collected from nestlings. One chewing louse (Mallophaga) Kurodaia haliaeeti was collected from nestlings and adults. Prevalence and intensity of K. haliaeeti were greater in the most northern of the four study areas. Bonnetella prevalence and intensity did not seem to vary greatly across the study areas. New range and host records are presented for B. fusca and Analloptes sp., respectively.
Amorphous Poly-2,7-fluorene Networks (2001)

We have developed a novel strategy for the synthesis of emitters, based on amorphous poly-2,7-fluorene (2,7-PF) networks which exhibit high glass transition temperatures and good photoluminescence properties and are suitable for incorporation into multilayer light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The materials design includes nickel(0)-mediated copolymerization of 2,7-dibromo-9,9-dihexylfluorene with a tetrafunctional spiro-compound, 2,2‘,7,7‘-tetrabromo-9,9-spirobifluorene, and 4-bromostyrene as end-capping reagent. The introduction of the spiro-bifluorene leads to a 90° branch of the growing 2,7-PF chain, the number of which can be controlled via the feed ratio of monomers used. The termination of the growing network with 4-phenylethenyl end groups limits the molecular weight, hence keeps the material soluble and processable. The oligomer solution can be cast into thin films and thermally cross-linked leading to new amorphous 2,7-PF networks. The amorphous 2,7-PF networks were incorporated in bilayer and trilayer LED devices which emitted colorfast blue light.
GATA3 induces human T-cell commitment by restraining Notch activity and repressing NK-cell fate (2016)

The gradual reprogramming of haematopoietic precursors into the T-cell fate is characterized by at least two sequential developmental stages. Following Notch1-dependent T-cell lineage specification during which the first T-cell lineage genes are expressed and myeloid and dendritic cell potential is lost, T-cell specific transcription factors subsequently induce T-cell commitment by repressing residual natural killer (NK)-cell potential. How these processes are regulated in human is poorly understood, especially since efficient T-cell lineage commitment requires a reduction in Notch signalling activity following T-cell specification. Here, we show that GATA3, in contrast to TCF1, controls human T-cell lineage commitment through direct regulation of three distinct processes: repression of NK-cell fate, upregulation of T-cell lineage genes to promote further differentiation and restraint of Notch activity. Repression of the Notch1 target gene DTX1 hereby is essential to prevent NK-cell differentiation. Thus, GATA3-mediated positive and negative feedback mechanisms control human T-cell lineage commitment.
Soybean yield estimation by an agrometeorological model in a GIS (2003)

Agrometeorological models interfaced with the Geographic Information System - GIS are an alternative to simulate and quantify the effect of weather spatial and temporal variability on crop yield. The objective of this work was to adapt and interface an agrometeorological model with a GIS to estimate soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] yield. Yield estimates were generated for 144 municipalities in the State of Paraná, Brazil, responsible for 90% of the soybean production in the State, from 1996/1997 to 2000/2001. The model uses agronomical parameters and meteorological data to calculate maximum yield which will be penalized under drought stress. Comparative analyses between the yield estimated by the model and that reported by the Paraná State Department of Agriculture (SEAB) were performed using the "t" test for paired observations. For the 1996/1997 year the model overestimated yield by 10.8%, which may be attributed to the occurrence of fungal diseases not considered by the model. For 1997/1998, 1998/1999 and 1999/2000 no differences (P &gt; 0.05) were found between the yield estimated by the model and SEAB's data. For 2000/2001 the model underestimated yield by 10.5% and the cause for this difference needs further investigation. The model interfaced with a GIS is an useful tool to monitor soybean crop during growing season to estimate crop yield.