gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type IV Collagen Is Essential for Proper Function of Integrin-Mediated Adhesion in Drosophila Muscle Fibers (2019)

Congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), a subgroup of myopathies is a genetically and clinically heterogeneous group of inherited muscle disorders and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness, fiber size variability, fibrosis, clustered necrotic fibers, and central myonuclei present in regenerating muscle. Type IV collagen (<i>COL4A1</i>) mutations have recently been identified in patients with intracerebral, vascular, renal, ophthalmologic pathologies and congenital muscular dystrophy, consistent with diagnoses of Walker-Warburg Syndrome or Muscle-Eye-Brain disease. Morphological characteristics of muscular dystrophy have also been demonstrated <i>Col4a1</i> mutant mice. Yet, several aspects of the pathomechanism of COL4A1-associated muscle defects remained largely uncharacterized. Based on the results of genetic, histological, molecular, and biochemical analyses in an allelic series of <i>Drosophila col4a1</i> mutants, we provide evidence that <i>col4a1</i> mutations arise by transitions in glycine triplets, associate with severely compromised muscle fibers within the single-layer striated muscle of the common oviduct, characterized by loss of sarcomere structure, disintegration and streaming of Z-discs, indicating an essential role for the COL4A1 protein. Features of altered cytoskeletal phenotype include actin bundles traversing over sarcomere units, amorphous actin aggregates, atrophy, and aberrant fiber size. The mutant COL4A1-associated defects appear to recapitulate integrin-mediated adhesion phenotypes observed in RNA-inhibitory <i>Drosophila</i>. Our results provide insight into the mechanistic details of COL4A1-associated muscle disorders and suggest a role for integrin-collagen interaction in the maintenance of sarcomeres.
Synergistic Activation of Seed Storage Protein Gene Expression in Arabidopsis by ABI3 and Two bZIPs Related to OPAQUE2 (2003)

The expression of many seed storage protein genes in cereals relies on transcription factors of the bZIP class, belonging to the maize OPAQUE2 family. Here, we describe a survey of such factors in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana, and the characterization of two of them, AtbZIP10 and AtbZIP25. Expression analysis by in situ hybridization shows that the occurrence of their mRNAs in the seed starts from early stages of development, peaks at maturation, and declines later in seed development, matching temporally and spatially those of the seed storage protein genes encoding 2S albumins and cruciferins. Gel mobility shift assays showed that AtbZIP10 and AtbZIP25 bind the ACGT boxes present in At2S and CRU3 promoters. Moreover, using the yeast two-hybrid system we show that AtbZIP10 and AtbZIP25 can interact in vivo with ABI3, an important regulator of gene expression in the seed of Arabidopsis. Transient expression analyses of a reporter gene under the control of the At2S1 promoter in transgenic plants overexpressing ectopically AtbZIP10, AtbZIP25, and ABI3 reveal that none of these factors could activate significantly the reporter gene when expressed individually. However, co-expression of AtbZIP10/25 with ABI3 resulted in a remarkable increase in the activation capacity over the At2S1 promoter, suggesting that they are part of a regulatory complex involved in seed-specific expression. This study shows a common mechanism of ABI3 in regulating different seed-specific genes through combinatorial interactions with particular bZIP proteins and a conserved role of O2-like bZIPs in monocot and dicot species.
Suppression of imaging crack caused by the gap between micromirrors in maskless lithography (2017)

The digital micromirror device (DMD) is the key device in maskless lithography. However, because of the machinery manufacturing limit of DMDs, the gap between the micromirrors may destroy the continuity of the graphic. This work presents a simple way to fill the imaging crack by controlling the partial coherence factor σ of the light source. A crack can be regarded as the image of a dark space. By considering the resolving power for such cracks under partially coherent illumination, the images of such dark spaces can be covered, preventing them from being imaged on the substrate. By using mathematical derivations of the light intensity distribution exposed to the substrate, and by utilizing the diffraction effect induced by the finite aperture of the optical projection system, an appropriate σ value can be determined for eliminating the image of the crack in an actual scene. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that this method can ensure the continuity of the graphic at the critical partial coherence factor σc regardless of the shape of the target graphic.
Current Injection Attack against the KLJN Secure Key Exchange (2016)

Abstract The Kirchhoff-law-Johnson-noise (KLJN) scheme is a statistical/physical secure key exchange system based on the laws of classical statistical physics to provide unconditional security. We used the LTSPICE industrial cable and circuit simulator to emulate one of the major active (invasive) attacks, the current injection attack, against the ideal and a practical KLJN system, respectively. We show that two security enhancement techniques, namely, the instantaneous voltage/current comparison method, and a simple privacy amplification scheme, independently and effectively eliminate the information leak and successfully preserve the system’s unconditional security.
C2-Ceramide Influences the Expression and Insulin-Mediated Regulation of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 3B and Lipolysis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes (2002)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) 3B plays an important role in the antilipolytic action of insulin and, thereby, the release of fatty acids from adipocytes. Increased concentrations of circulating fatty acids as a result of elevated or unrestrained lipolysis cause insulin resistance. The lipolytic action of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is thought to be one of the mechanisms by which TNF-alpha induces insulin resistance. Ceramide is the suggested second messenger of TNF-alpha action, and in this study, we used 3T3-L1 adipocytes to investigate the effects of C(2)-ceramide (a short-chain ceramide analog) on the expression and regulation of PDE3B and lipolysis. Incubation of adipocytes with 100 micromol/l C(2)-ceramide (N-acetyl-sphingosine) resulted in a time-dependent decrease of PDE3B activity, accompanied by decreased PDE3B protein expression. C(2)-ceramide, in a time- and dose-dependent manner, stimulated lipolysis, an effect that was blocked by H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. These ceramide effects were prevented by 20 micromol/l troglitazone, an antidiabetic drug. In addition to downregulation of PDE3B, the antilipolytic action of insulin was decreased by ceramide treatment. These results, together with data from other studies on PDE3B and lipolysis in diabetic humans and animals, suggest a novel pathway by which ceramide induces insulin resistance. Furthermore, PDE3B is demonstrated to be a target for troglitazone action in adipocytes.
A Plague on Your City: Observations from TOPOFF (2001)

The United States Congress directed the Department of Justice to conduct an exercise engaging key personnel in the management of mock chemical, biological, or cyberterrorist attacks. The resulting exercise was called "TOPOFF," named for its engagement of top officials of the United States government. This article offers a number of medical and public health observations and lessons discovered during the bioterrorism component of the exercise. The TOPOFF exercise illuminated problematic issues of leadership and decision-making; the difficulties of prioritization and distribution of scarce resources; the crisis that contagious epidemics would cause in health care facilities; and the critical need to formulate sound principles of disease containment. These lessons should provoke consideration of future directions for bioterrorism planning and preparedness at all levels of government and among the many communities and practitioners with responsibilities for national security and public health.
Les grands Etats ont préservé leur champion (2008)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Reply: (2011)

The authors of the letter had 3 main concerns regarding our article.[1][1] They first questioned our use of brain MR imaging and gadolinium contrast. When neurologic symptoms are present, our standard protocol includes administration of contrast material. All of the patients in our study had
Biochemical Characterization of an ATPase Activity Associated with the Large Packaging Subunit gp17 from Bacteriophage T4 (2000)

Double-stranded DNA-packaging in icosahedral bacteriophages is believed to be driven by a packaging "machine" constituted by the portal protein and the two packaging/terminase proteins assembled at the unique portal vertex of the empty prohead shell. Although ATP hydrolysis is evidently the principal driving force, which component of the packaging machinery functions as the translocating ATPase has not been elucidated. Evidence suggests that the large packaging subunit is a strong candidate for the translocating ATPase. We have constructed new phage T4 terminase recombinants under the control of phage T7 promoter and overexpressed the packaging/terminase proteins gp16 and gp17 in various configurations. The hexahistidine-tagged-packaging proteins were purified to near homogeneity by Ni(2+)-agarose chromatography and were shown to be highly active for packaging DNA in vitro. The large packaging subunit gp17 but not the small subunit gp16 exhibited an ATPase activity. Although gp16 lacked ATPase activity, it enhanced the gp17-associated ATPase activity by >50-fold. The gp16 enhancement was specific and was due to an increased catalytic rate for ATP hydrolysis. A phosphorylated gp17 was demonstrated under conditions of low catalytic rates but not under high catalytic rates in the presence of gp16. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that a weak ATPase is transformed into a translocating ATPase of high catalytic capacity after assembly of the packaging machine.
Preparation of sialylated oligosaccharides employing recombinant trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi (2005)

Terminally sialylated oligosaccharides were synthesised employing recombinant trans-sialidase from Trypanosoma cruzi. Regio- and stereoselectively Sia-alpha(2-3)-Gal-betaR derivatives could be obtained in respectable yields, using combined chemical and enzymatic methodologies. An array of different disaccharide precursors such as Gal-beta(1-3)-GalNAc-alphaSer/Thr, lactosides and lactosamide derivatives were sialylated and successfully purified by facile isolation procedures. Depending on the acceptor structure isolated, yields for trans-sialylation products were between 20 and 60%.
Enterococcus faecalis Endocarditis Severity in Rabbits Is Reduced by IgG Fabs Interfering with Aggregation Substance (2010)

The data confirm the role of AS in infective endocarditis formation and suggest that use of Fabs against AS will provide partial protection from AS+E. faecalis illness.
Blockade of interleukin‐6 signaling aggravates ischemic cerebral damage in mice: possible involvement of Stat3 activation in the protection of neurons (2005)

Interleukin (IL)-6 expression transiently increases in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. To investigate the physiological significance of endogenous IL-6 expression and to identify the main signal pathway for the action of IL-6, we administered anti-mouse IL-6 receptor monoclonal antibody (IL-6RA), which blocks IL-6 signaling, to mice immediately after a 45-min period of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). At 6 h after MCAO, IL-6RA administration had resulted in a significant reduction in the amount of phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) protein in the peri-infarct area of the cortex. At 24 h after MCAO, blockade of IL-6 signaling had led to an increase in number of apoptotic cells in the peri-infarct area and enlargement of the size of the infarct, and it had adversely affected neurological function. These results suggest that endogenous IL-6 plays a critical role in preventing damaged neurons from undergoing apoptosis in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia and that its role may be mediated by Stat3 activation.
Thermionic field emission in p -barrierenhanced InP/InGaAs/InP HEMTs (1996)

A model for thermionic field emission in p-barrier enhanced InP HEMTs is presented indicating that a reduction in the gate leakage of those devices is related to an increase in effective barrier thickness. Good agreement between this model and our experimental data is obtained.
TRENDS IN FORMULATION AND DRUG DELIVERY FOR ANTIBODIES (2017)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become a standard therapeutic modality for the treatment of severe diseases, and they are increasingly used in medical treatment regimens. The target product profile determines the general formulation strategy. Antibodies are complex macromolecules and are prone to several instabilities. Successful formulation development therefore demands combined and interdisciplinary efforts from upstream and downstream processing, molecular design/molecular assessment (often termed “developability assessment”), and formulation and process development. The goal is always the development of an adequate formulation to ensure drug products can be manufactured effectively and are deliverable. It is important to identify critical quality attributes and critical process steps and parameters and to monitor product integrity by adequate analytical methods throughout product development and manufacturing. Potential product instabilities should be addressed by an adequate drug product strategy, including considerations for the formulation, primary packaging, and processing.
Semi-Quantitative Targeted Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profiling Supports a Late Side-Chain Reductase Cycloartenol-to-Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway in Brown Algae (2021)

Sterols are biologically important molecules that serve as membrane fluidity regulators and precursors of signaling molecules, either endogenous or involved in biotic interactions. There is currently no model of their biosynthesis pathways in brown algae. Here, we benefit from the availability of genome data and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) sterol profiling using a database of internal standards to build such a model. We expand the set of identified sterols in 11 species of red, brown, and green macroalgae and integrate these new data with genomic data. Our analyses suggest that some metabolic reactions may be conserved despite the loss of canonical eukaryotic enzymes, like the sterol side-chain reductase (SSR). Our findings are consistent with the principle of metabolic pathway drift through enzymatic replacement and show that cholesterol synthesis from cycloartenol may be a widespread but variable pathway among chlorophyllian eukaryotes. Among the factors contributing to this variability, one could be the recruitment of cholesterol biosynthetic intermediates to make signaling molecules, such as the mozukulins. These compounds were found in some brown algae belonging to Ectocarpales, and we here provide a first mozukulin biosynthetic model. Our results demonstrate that integrative approaches can already be used to infer experimentally testable models, which will be useful to further investigate the biological roles of those newly identified algal pathways.
New Laser-based, Solid Free Form Fabrication Technology Revolutionizes Die/Mold Building and Restoration (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This presentation will review the Direct Metal Deposition (DMD™) process, highlighting benefits that DMD can bring to the automotive industry -- with specific focus on the advantages it can provide to the manufacture and restoration of injection molds and dies.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;DMD, an additive laser-based fabrication process, is an enabling technology for tool builders looking to build longer lasting, less expensive, or highly efficient dies and molds. In the past, it has been impossible to incorporate advantages of multiple materials in mold designs. DMD changes this.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Using DMD, it is now possible to construct dies with the toughness of P20 tool steel at their cores and the wear and corrosion resistance of H13 at their outer skin. This improves toughness to minimize cracking, while maintaining a surface that has the mechanical and thermal properties to withstand the harsh die casting environment.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Injection molds can be built with low carbon steel as their base and P20 at their mold surface. The shell-like structure results in superior strength to soft tooling, while the low carbon steel base offers the advantages of being less expensive, easier and faster to machine, and having better thermal conductivity than harder tool steels.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With DMD, plastic injection molds can utilize embedded copper-alloy inserts as heat sinks, increasing productivity by 20-30%. Faster extraction of heat allows parts to set-up faster and dramatically improves cycle times. Temperature distributions are simultaneously improved, leading to parts with less warpage and better dimensional tolerancing.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The DMD process also offers the ability to deposit handbook grade, fully dense tool steels onto existing molds and dies. This allows obsolete (caused by model year changes) or damaged dies and molds to be reconfigured to new product designs, thereby salvaging obsolete investments and putting the tools back into active service. The cost savings and reduction in lead times that DMD can offer the marketplace is considerable. In fact, by depositing tool steel onto existing surfaces, the cost and time associated with procuring a new tool are completely eliminated.&lt;/div&gt;
Data Report: Geochemical Logging Results from Vanuatu: Sites 829, 830, 831, and 833 (1994)

Geochemical well logs were obtained in the igneous and sedimentary sequences drilled at Sites 829, 830, 831, and 833 of Ocean Drilling Program Leg 134. Corrections have been applied to the logs to account for variations in borehole size, borehole fluid composition, downhole temperature, and logging speed. Concentrations of the elements Th, U, and Gd, and the dry weight percentages of the oxides of Si, Ca, Al, Fe, Ti, and K have been derived. In each of the logged holes the log-derived geochemistry agrees well with shipboard carbonate-derived CaO and X-ray fluorescence core measurements.
Optimal Control of Urban Intersection Scheduling for Connected Automated Vehicles (2020)

We propose a novel urban congestion-aware intersection scheduling model based on vehicle to infrastructure communication (V2I) for automated and connected vehicles. In this model, a combinational optimized model which combines passing order and vehicular motion control together is proposed. In order to resolve the intersection conflict issue and improve traffic capacity, driving tube and potential conflict matrix is applied in the schedule optimization model. Take the global average waiting time as optimized object, we propose state encoding approach to collect all the vehicle's information in the intersection. Then Deep Q Network (DQN) method is applied to resolve the scheduling problem, which outputs the driving tubes enable vector and subsequently 7th polynomial based motion planning trajectory planning is exploited to generate the most comfortable and most efficient trajectory for active vehicles. The optimal time cost profile will be feed back to intersection manager via V2I channel for next time scheduling decision. The performance of this framework is evaluated based on a typical Chinese complicated urban scenario with extensive simulation, our framework achieves encouraging results in terms of average waiting time and peak traffic throughput.
Enhanced expression of type I receptors for bone morphogenetic proteins during bone formation (1995)

Type I receptors for bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), i.e., BMPR-IA and BMPR-IB, are transmembrane serine/threonine kinases, that bind osteogenic protein-1 (OP-1, also termed BMP-7) and BMP-4. Using antibodies specific to BMPR-IA and -IB, we have studied the expression of BMP type I receptors in the bone formation process during embryonic development and fracture healing. In the mouse embryo, both BMPR-IA and -IB were expressed in condensing mesenchymal cells at 13.5 days post coitum (p.c.). At 15.5 days p.c., expression of BMPR-IB, but not of BMPR-IA, was observed in the cells in perichondrium of developing cartilage. At 17.5 and 19.5 days p.c., expression of both receptors was observed in chondrocytes and in osteoblasts. In normal rat adult bone, expression of BMPR-IA, but not of BMPR-IB, was observed in osteoblasts in the periosteum. Three days after the femoral fracture, expression of BMPR-IA and -IB was up-regulated in cells at the proliferating osteogenic layer of the periosteum. On day 7, both receptors were found in fibroblast-like spindle cells and chondrocytes in the endochondral ossification sites, and osteoblasts in the newly formed trabecular bone. Expression of BMPR-IA was higher than that BMPR-IB in osteogenic layer on day 3 and in osteoblasts in the trabecular bone on day 7. On day 14, expression of BMP type I receptors was observed at similar sites, albeit with lower expression levels than were observed on day 7. The present data suggest that expression of BMP type I receptors is up-regulated during bone formation, and that they may play important roles in bone morphogenesis.
Cyberdefense Adaptive Training Based on the Classification of Operator Cognitive State (2022)

To face the increasing number and the variety of cyberattacks, training and adaptation of cyberdefense operators become critical and should be managed all along their careers. Thus, it is necessary to develop adaptive training methods that are able to quickly detect operators' weaknesses and to propose a strategy to reinforce their skills on these points. This paper presents the choice of a cognitive model in order to guide the development of an adaptive training software. In this regard, the paper proposes a review of several elements that contributed to the development of the model.Cyberattacks are continuously increasing in variety and number, and therefore require a constant adaptation from the operator who must react to each attack with rapidity and efficiency. To face these changes, cyber operators must be trained regularly.This training aims to: 1) maintain knowledge of cyber operators up to date, 2) train cyber operators to use new tools and 3) allow cyber operators to appropriately react to new attacks.In this regard, adaptive training softwares support the training of cyberdefense operators in order to improve their performance in real conditions. To propose an adaptive training software, there are several requirements to satisfy such as an ecological environment, a system to adapt the training scenario autonomously and a way to assess the difficulties experienced by the trainee. To support this dynamic and customised adaptation of the training scenario, it is important to detect or predict when errors may occur. For this purpose, behavioural and physiological data can be used to assess the variations in performance and mental workload that can lead to an error. This paper deals with the choice of a cognitive model that could support the design of a software for adaptive training in the cyberdefense field. Such a model would allow us to understand the different cognitive processes used by the operator to perform tasks, and to identify the factors that could contribute to performance decrement. This model can then orient the selection of appropriate physiological and behavioural indicators to measure what parts of the task cause difficulty to the operator.