gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence from HgCdTe alloys (1981)

We report the observation in Hg1−xCdxTe of band-to-band, band-to-acceptor, and donor-acceptor luminescence for material of x = 0.32 and 0.48, and bound exciton recombination luminescence, for material of 0.48. The band-to-band line shape and variation in intensity with pump power is appropriate to an electron-hole plasma with recombination proceeding without wave vector conservation. From line shape separations, we estimate acceptor binding energies of 14.0±1.0 and 15.5±2.0 meV in x = 0.32 and 0.48 material, respectively, and donor binding energies of 1.0±1.0 and 4.5±2.0 meV, respectively. Shifts in luminescence energy across the sample imply a change in composition across the sample of 0.03 cm−1.
Example-based hinting of true type fonts (2000)

Hinting in TrueType is a time-consuming manual process in which a typographer creates a sequence of instructions for better fitting the characters of a font to a grid of pixels. In this paper, we propose a new method for automatically hinting TrueType fonts by transferring hints of one font to another. Given a hinted source font and a target font without hints, our method matches the outlines of corresponding glyphs in each font, and then translates all of the individual hints for each glyph from the source to the target font. It also translates the control value table (CVT) entries, which are used to unify feature sizes across a font. The resulting hinted font already provides a great improvement over the unhinted version. More importantly, the translated hints, which preserve the sound, hand-designed hinting structure of the original font, provide a very good starting point for a professional typographer to complete and fine-tune, saving time and increasing productivity. We demonstrate our approach with examples of automatically hinted fonts at typical display sizes and screen resolutions. We also provide estimates of the time saved by a professional typographer in hinting new fonts using this semi-automatic approach.
Characterization of the minimum replicon of the broad-host-range plasmid pTF-FC2 and similarity between pTF-FC2 and the IncQ plasmids (1990)

The nucleotide sequence of a 3,202-base-pair fragment which contained the minimum region required for replication of the broad-host-range plasmid, pTF-FC2, has been determined. At least five open reading frames and a region that affected the host range were identified. Proteins corresponding in size and location to four of the five open reading frames were produced in an in vitro transcription-translation system. The predicted amino acid sequences of two of the proteins were aligned with those of the RepA and RepC proteins of the broad-host-range IncQ plasmid RSF1010 and found to be 43 and 60% homologous, respectively. Despite this similarity, neither the RepA nor the RepC protein of the IncQ plasmid was able to complement mutations in the pTF-FC2 repA and repC genes. Although there was a considerable amount of DNA homology between pTF-FC2 and RSF1010 in the oriV region and the region coding for the RepA and RepC proteins, no other homology between the two plasmids at either the DNA or protein level could be detected.
Apparent Failure of the Wharton Rearrangement in a Tricyclo[7.1.1.02,7]undecane (1989)

Abstract The Wharton rearrangement of 2,3‐epoxytricyclo[7.1.1.0 2,7 ]undecan‐3‐one, a sterically hindered system, which should have led to an allyl alcohol with the OH group at a bridgehead, gave instead the allylically rearranged alcohol. The desired hydroxy compound was prepared by the Barton modification of the Wharton rearrangement: borohydride reduction to the epoxy alcohols, reaction with N , N ′‐thiocarbonylbisimidazole, and treatment with Bu 3 SnH. The bridgehead alcohol (and other 2‐oxygenated tricyclo[7.1.1.0 2,7 ]undecanes) readily rearranged under acidic or thermal conditions.
A Eu-MOF/EDTA-NiAl-CLDH fluorescent micromotor for sensing and removal of Fe3+ from water (2019)

A hierarchical Pt-free fluorescent micromotor prepared from kapok fiber is fabricated for fluorescence detection and removal of Fe<sup>3+</sup> from wastewater.
Structure and Magnetic Proporties of Polymer Matrix Nanocomposites (2002)

Str uctur e and ma gnet ic pr op ertie s of the therma l decomp osition pro ducts of F e(I II )C o(I I) acr ylate comple x were analysed . T he crystallin e phases, w hich w ere found in the fully pro cessed material, at 643 K , w ere F e3 O4 , C oFe2 O4 , and CoO and had a mean particle size of ab out 30 nm. In the intermediate stages of the thermolysi s iron was present in a form of Fe I I I (tri v alent low -spin iron), F e 2 + (div alent high-spin iron), and F e3 O4 . T he coercivity and remanence were measured versus temp erature in the range of 5{300 K , in 1.1 T applied eld. Both, M H c and M r , decreased show ing ro om temp erature v alues of 0.038 T and 7.49 mT , for coercivity and remanence, resp ectively . A t temp eratures below 200 K the hysteresis loops w ere asymmetrical, op ened and shif ted tow ards negative eld values.
Refinement and Parametrization of COSMO-RS (1998)

The continuum solvation model COSMO and its extension beyond the dielectric approximation (COSMO-RS) have been carefully parametrized in order to optimally reproduce 642 data points for a variety of properties, i.e., ΔG of hydration, vapor pressure, and the partition coefficients for octanol/water, benzene/water, hexane/water, and diethyl ether/water. Two hundred seventeen small to medium sized neutral molecules, covering most of the chemical functionality of the elements H, C, N, O, and Cl, have been considered. An overall accuracy of 0.4 (rms) kcal/mol for chemical potential differences, corresponding to a factor of 2 in the equilibrium constants under consideration, has been achieved. This was using only a single radius and one dispersion constant per element and a total number of eight COSMO-RS inherent parameters. Most of these parameters were close to their theoretical estimate. The optimized cavity radii agreed well with the widely accepted rule of 120% of van der Waals radii. The whole parametrization was based upon density functional calculations using DMol/COSMO. As a result of this sound parametrization, we are now able to calculate almost any chemical equilibrium in liquid/liquid and vapor/liquid systems up to an accuracy of a factor 2 without the need of any additional experimental data for solutes or solvents. This opens a wide range of applications in physical chemistry and chemical engineering.
Possible roles of anti-type II collagen antibody and innate immunity in the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (2021)

The pathogenesis of both diabetic retinopathy (DR) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has recently been considered to involve autoimmunity. Serum and synovial fluid levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies increase early after the onset of RA, thus inducing immune responses and subsequent hydrarthrosis and angiogenesis, which resemble diabetic macular edema and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively. We previously reported that DR is also associated with increased serum levels of anti-type II collagen antibodies. Retinal hypoxia in DR may induce pericytes to express type II collagen, resulting in autoantibody production against type II collagen. As the result of blood-retinal barrier disruption, anti-type II collagen antibodies in the serum come into contact with type II collagen around the retinal vessels. A continued loss of pericytes and type II collagen around the retinal vessels may result in a shift of the immune reaction site from the retina to the vitreous. It has been reported that anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages increased in the vitreous of PDR patients, accompanied by the activation of the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, a key regulator of innate immunity. M2 macrophages promote angiogenesis and fibrosis, which might be exacerbated and prolonged by dysregulated innate immunity.
Percolation and the pore geometry of crustal rocks (1995)

Properties of isostatically compacted aggregates provide insight into the transport properties and the pore-space morphology of sedimentary rocks at depth in the Earth's crust. Here we provide evidence that percolation provides a natural description of the evolution of pore-space topology in compacted aggregates. Topological and transport properties of isostatically compacted aggregates measured by Zhang et al. [J. Geophys. Res. 99, 15 741 (1994)] are modeled as a percolation process. Critical exponents associated with both topological quantities and transport properties are measured near the percolation transition and are consistent with the ordinary percolation universality class. We discuss how the use of percolation concepts (e.g., the backbone) facilitates the improved modeling of fluid migration in the crust.
A STUDY ON OLFACTION OF THE LARYNGECTOMIZED PATIENTS BY THE ARTIFICIAL AIRWAY TUBE METHOD (1975)

The authors noticed the recovery of the nasal air current in the laryngectomized patients by connecting a tube between the tracheal stoma and the naris, so named this technique an artificial airway tube method. In this manner, the olfactory acuities of 60 laryngectomized patients, ranged from 9 days to 18 5/6 years postoperatively, were evaluated by measuring the detection threshold for the smell of various odors such as beta-phenyl ethyl alcohol, cyclotene and iso-valeric acid. At the same time we also measured respectively the onset and duration time for the sense of smell of Alinamin (Thiamine propyl disulfide) administered intravenously. Aside from the methods above mentioned, it is also known that swallowing of air leads a little olfactory sensation by nasal rout in some laryngectomized individuals. Thus utilizing airswallowing, olfactory testings by these 3 odors were undergone to guess their olfaction in daily life. Results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. The mean detection threshold for each of these 3 substances in the laryngectomized patients was nearly equal to that obtained in normal persons. While in the intravenous olfaction tests, more inferior data were seen in the laryngectomized patients than that of normal controls. Namely, not only the time needed for the onset of the sense of smell was twice longer, but also its duration shortened obviously as compared with their normal values.2. The best score was revealed in the subjects within one year after surgery in comparison with the others. 3. No significant differences of the olfactory acuities were observed between the groups, one with esophageal speech and the other with artificial voice apparatus. 4. When the laryngectomized patients put on the artificial airway tube, microclimate in the nasal cavity might be similar to that of normal one. 5. Olfactory sensation by swallowing procedure appeared in 40% of the laryngectomized patients in this series. But, the mean detection thresholds of individual odors were greatly higher than those obtained by the artificial airway tube method. For olfactory sensation, the longer the postoperative period, the more increased the incidence of its appearance.This study showed that the olfaction did not change in these patients. The assumption istherefore made that neurological changes in the terminal endings in this special sense organ do not occur after total laryngectomy.
piggyBac Transposon plus Insulators Overcome Epigenetic Silencing to Provide for Stable Signaling Pathway Reporter Cell Lines (2013)

Genetically modified hematopoietic progenitors represent an important testing platform for a variety of cell-based therapies, pharmaceuticals, diagnostics and other applications. Stable expression of a transfected gene of interest in the cells is often obstructed by its silencing. DNA transposons offer an attractive non-viral alternative of transgene integration into the host genome, but their broad applicability to leukocytes and other "transgene unfriendly" cells has not been fully demonstrated. Here we assess stability of piggyBac transposon-based reporter expression in murine prostate adenocarcinoma TRAMP-C2, human monocyte THP-1 and erythroleukemia K562 cell lines, along with macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) that have differentiated from the THP-1 transfects. The most efficient and stable reporter activity was observed for combinations of the transposon inverted terminal repeats and one 5'- or two cHS4 core insulators flanking a green fluorescent protein reporter construct, with no detectable silencing over 10 months of continuous cell culture in absence of any selective pressure. In monocytic THP-1 cells, the functional activity of luciferase reporters for NF-κB, Nrf2, or HIF-1α has not decreased over time and was retained following differentiation into macrophages and DCs, as well. These results imply pB as a versatile tool for gene integration in monocytic cells in general, and as a convenient access route to DC-based signaling pathway reporters suitable for high-throughput assays, in particular.
ChemInform Abstract: PERFLUORALKYL‐QUECKSILBER‐VERBINDUNGEN ALS QUELLE FUER PERFLUORCARBANIONEN (1971)

Abstract Alkalimetalljodide reagieren mit den beiden Perfluoralkyl‐quecksilber‐Verbindungen (Ia) und (Ib) über die Anionen (II) zu den Fluorolefinen (IIIa) und (IIIb).
A Model for Joint Engineering-Economic Analysis of Cellular Systems (2020)

Economic models of network effects, which describe how the market for a good or service depends on the number of units sold, have been used for decades in the economics literature. However, it is not clear how these models may be applied to the cellular network service. The relationship between the “value” of cellular service and the “size” of the cellular network (including the base station density, user density, and bandwidth), is not straightforward. Furthermore, this relationship is dependent on physical and technical characteristics of the network. This letter develops a joint engineering-economic model for network effects in cellular networks. The model captures the relationship between the network size and its technical characteristics, and the behavior of the market for that service. It is shown how the developed model can be used to find equilibrium size of the market for different networks. For example, this model identifies and formalizes fundamental differences between the markets for millimeter wave and microwave networks, that are not revealed by standard engineering or economic analyses.
Bacitracin attenuates haemolysis‐induced insulin degradation during insulin sensitivity testing: Repurposing an old drug for use in metabolic research (2020)

Haemolysis of serially collected insulin serum samples frequently causes falsely-low measured concentrations because of the release of intracellular insulin degrading enzyme (IDE). We investigated if bacitracin, an in vitro IDE inhibitor, could prevent haemolysis-induced insulin degradation during insulin sensitivity testing. Blood samples were collected from adults undergoing serial sampling for insulin sensitivity. A dose-finding study measured insulin from experimentally haemolysed samples containing five bacitracin concentrations (0-2.5 g/L) and from non-experimentally haemolysed samples. To confirm the utility of bacitracin in the clinical setting, we compared insulin in samples collected with and without 1 g/L bacitracin from a frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIVGTT), where haemolysis often occurs accidentally. In the dose-finding study, bacitracin 0.25, 1 and 2.5 g/L all maximally prevented insulin degradation in experimentally haemolysed samples. Among FSIVGTT unintentionally haemolysed samples, insulin concentrations from bacitracin-containing samples were significantly higher than from those without bacitracin (P < .01), and not different from non-haemolysed samples obtained simultaneously from a second intravenous catheter (P = .07). Bacitracin did not significantly alter insulin concentrations in non-haemolysed samples. Bacitracin attenuates haemolysis-associated insulin degradation in clinical samples, enabling a more accurate assessment of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis.
The Cost Of Overtriage: More Than One-Third Of Low-Risk Injured Patients Were Taken To Major Trauma Centers (2013)

Regionalized trauma care has been widely implemented in the United States, with field triage by emergency medical services (EMS) playing an important role in identifying seriously injured patients for transport to major trauma centers. In this study we estimated hospital-level differences in the adjusted cost of acute care for injured patients transported by 94 EMS agencies to 122 hospitals in 7 regions, overall and by injury severity. Among 301,214 patients, the average adjusted per episode cost of care was $5,590 higher in a level 1 trauma center than in a nontrauma hospital. We found hospital-level differences in cost among patients with minor, moderate, and serious injuries. Of the 248,342 low-risk patients-those who did not meet field triage guidelines for transport to trauma centers-85,155 (34.3 percent) were still transported to major trauma centers, accounting for up to 40 percent of acute injury costs. Adhering to field triage guidelines that minimize the overtriage of low-risk injured patients to major trauma centers could save up to $136.7 million annually in the seven regions we studied.
Applying Solid-State Energy-Saver Starters (1983)

Before arbitrarily selecting a conventional electromechanical motor starter, solid-state energy-saver starters should be evaluated. With the ever-increasing cost of electrical energy, conventional starters, and downtime, solid-state starters are becoming practical and cost effective in the 50-400-hp range.
Low-complexity trellis decoding of Hamming codes (1993)

A new encoding/decoding technique for Hamming codes, based on generalised array codes (GACs) is proposed. The proposed technique allows the design of Hamming codes with minimal trellises. An example is given for the (7, 4, 3) Hamming code, but the proposed technique is applicable to all existing Hamming codes. The trellis structure of such codes provides low complexity soft maximum likelihood decoding.
Growth-promoting effect of carbon material upon bacterial cells propagating through a distance. (1997)

Carbon material such as graphite and activated charcoal, but not diamond, causes the promotion of growth of certain bacteria under ordinarily non-permissive stress conditions over a distance of several centimeters. Bacillus carboniphilus under the stress of a high KCl concentration and high temperature responded to this remote effect of carbon material with enhanced growth, and thermophile bacterium Bacillus stearothermophilus responded similarly yet moderately under the stress of low temperature. The remote effect of carbon was caused by its activation with external energy, probably of electromagnetic nature, as this effect was markedly decreased by sheltering the experimental system with an iron or aluminum barrier. Carbon material probably transforms the external oscillatory pulses or radiation into a signal exerting, far-reaching, growth-promoting effect upon cells. The most plausible candidate of signals emitted from carbon was considered to be (ultra)sonic.
Countering MANPADS: study of new concepts and applications (2006)

The latest events of ground-to-air Man Portable Air Defense (MANPAD) attacks against aircraft have revealed a new threat both for military and civilian aircraft. Consequently, the implementation of Protecting systems (i.e. Directed InfraRed Counter Measure - DIRCM) in order to face IR guided missiles turns out to be now inevitable. In a near future, aircraft will have to possess detection, tracking, targeting and jamming capabilities to face single and multiple MANPAD threats fired in short-range scenarios from various environments (urban sites, landscape...). In this paper, a practical example of a DIRCM system under study at SAGEM DEFENSE & SECURITY company is presented. The self-protection solution includes built-in and automatic locking-on, tracking, identification and laser jamming capabilities, including defeat assessment. Target Designations are provided by a Missile Warning System. Multiple Target scenarios have been considered to design the system architecture. The article deals with current and future threats (IR seekers of different generations...), scenarios and platforms for system definition. Plus, it stresses on self-protection solutions based on laser jamming capability. Different strategies including target identification, multi band laser, active imagery are described. The self-protection system under study at SAGEM DEFENSE & SECURITY company is also a part of this chapter. Eventually, results of self-protection scenarios are provided for different MANPAD scenarios. Data have been obtained from a simulation software. The results highlight how the system reacts to incoming IR-guided missiles in short time scenarios.
Gonadoblastoma in Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome A Case Report (2003)

We report a case of androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) characterized by malignant degeneration of the testes consisting of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma. AIS is a rare inherited form of male pseudohermaphroditism that can manifest as a normal female phenotype without müllerian derivatives and absence of the upper third of the vagina. A 32-year-old white 46,XY female with AIS underwent removal of the dysgenetic gonads at the Gynecological Oncology Department of the Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. We investigated cytogenetic alterations, hormonal levels and the presence of neoplasia in the dysgenetic gonads. Histological analysis revealed a gonadoblastoma mixed with dysgerminoma in the left gonad and a pure dysgerminoma in the right gonad. The patient's hormonal status matched that of a male. Second-look laparotomy after chemotherapy showed a complete pathological response. AIS should be suspected in phenotypically female patients with primary amenorrhea; surgical removal of the gonads is mandatory to avoid malignant degeneration.
Change point detection in multi-agent systems based on higher-order features (2022)

Change point detection (CPD) for multi-agent systems helps one to evaluate the state and better control the system. Multivariate CPD methods solve the d × T time series well; however, the multi-agent systems often produce the N × d × T dimensional data, where d is the dimension of multivariate observations, T is the total observation time, and N is the number of agents. In this paper, we propose two valid approaches based on higher-order features, namely, the Betti number feature extraction and the Persistence feature extraction, to compress the d-dimensional features into one dimension so that general CPD methods can be applied to higher-dimensional data. First, a topological structure based on the Vietoris-Rips complex is constructed on each time-slice snapshot. Then, the Betti number and persistence of the topological structures are obtained to separately constitute two feature matrices for change point estimates. Higher-order features primarily describe the data distribution on each snapshot and are, therefore, independent of the node correspondence cross snapshots, which gives our methods unique advantages in processing missing data. Experiments in multi-agent systems demonstrate the significant performance of our methods. We believe that our methods not only provide a new tool for dimensionality reduction and missing data in multi-agent systems but also have the potential to be applied to a wider range of fields, such as complex networks.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Dissecting the role of novel EZH2 inhibitors in primary glioblastoma cell cultures: effects on proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, migration, and on the pro-inflammatory phenotype (2019)

The two novel EZH2i MC4040 and MC4041 impaired primary GBM cell viability, showing even stronger effects in combination with TMZ. They also weakened the aggressive malignant phenotype by reducing angiogenesis, EMT, cell migration/invasion and inflammation, thus they may be considered potential candidates against GBM also for combination therapies.