gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Knocking Combustion by an Ion Current System and Optical Diagnostics of Radical Species(S.I. Engines, Combustion Diagnostics) (2004)

In spark ignition engines, knock can be defined as self-ignition of a certain portion of the unbumed gas beyond the flame front. This abnormal combustion releases a chemical energy that excites within the cylinder volume pressure oscillations that are responsible of engine noise and sometimes damage. Therefore, knock is undesirable process that has to be avoided. The present paper aims to evaluate the knocking combustion by an ion current system and optical diagnostics of radical species. The ion signal was also compared with the in-cylinder combustion pressure and the engine vibration. The optical measurements were based on 2D UV-Visible digital imaging of combustion process, UV chemiluminescence and spectrally resolved emissions from radical species. The optical techniques were applied for their potential to provide accurate measurements over a wide range. In particular, in this paper the spatial and temporal evolution of flame front and radical species such as OH and HCO were correlated to pressure and ion-current sensing during knocking combustion. The engine used during experiments was an optically accessible single cylinder, ported fuel injection, four-stroke spark-ignition engine with a four-valve production head. All the measurements were realized in the transparent combustion chamber equipped with a wide quartz window (diameter=57 mm) in the bottom of the chamber. The engine operated at 1000 rpm with stoichiometric mixture and wide-open throttle.
How I manage patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma (2018)

Despite progress in the upfront treatment of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), patients still experience relapses. Salvage chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard second-line treatment for relapsed and refractory (R/R) DLBCL. However, half of the patients will not be eligible for transplantation due to ineffective salvage treatment, and the other half will relapse after ASCT. In randomized studies, no salvage chemotherapy regimen is superior to another. The outcomes are affected by the secondary International Prognostic Index at relapse and various biological factors. The strategy is less clear in patients who require third-line treatment. A multicohort retrospective non-Hodgkin lymphoma research (SCHOLAR-1) study conducted in 636 patients with refractory DLBCL showed an objective response rate of 26% (complete response 7%) to the next line of therapy with a median overall survival of 6·3 months. In the case of a response followed by transplantation, long-term survival can be achieved in DLBCL patients. There is clearly a need for new drugs that improve salvage efficacy. Encouraging results have been reported with chimeric antigen receptor -T cell engineering, warranting further studies in a well-defined control group of refractory patients. The Collaborative Trial in Relapsed Aggressive Lymphoma (CORAL) was used as a handy framework to build the discussion.
Supplementary methods from Stem Cells Increase in Numbers in Perinecrotic Areas in Human Renal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;supplementary methods&lt;/p&gt;
Empowering open systems through cross-platform interoperability (2014)

Most of the motivations for open systems lie in the expectation of interoperability, sometimes referred to as “plug-and-play”. Nothing in the notion of “open-ness”, however, guarantees this outcome, which makes the increased interest in open architecture more perplexing. In this paper, we explore certain themes of open architecture. We introduce the concept of “windows of interoperability”, which can be used to align disparate portions of architecture. Such “windows of interoperability”, which concentrate on a reduced set of protocol and interface features, might achieve many of the broader purposes assigned as benefits in open architecture. Since it is possible to engineer proprietary systems that interoperate effectively, this nuanced definition of interoperability may in fact be a more important concept to understand and nurture for effective systems engineering and maintenance.
MULTICHANNEL OIL-BASE MUD CONTAMINATION MONITORING USING DOWNHOLE OPTICAL SPECTROMETER (2008)

Contamination of formation fluid is caused by the filtrate of drilling mud that invades the formation surrounding the borehole during and after drilling. Consequently, a fluid sample taken by a downhole formation tester tool is inevitably a mixture of the mud filtrate and virgin fluid. Contamination can largely reduce the sample quality and make the subsequent pressure/volume/temperature (PVT) analysis unreliable. The objective of real-time contamination monitoring is to continuously analyze the fluid pumped from the formation through the flowline using a downhole optical spectrometer until an acceptable contamination level is measured and then to capture a sample of the fluid.
Small and high‐directivity bow‐tie patch antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal (2001)

Abstract The unique geometrical properties of fractals have been proven to be useful to design advanced antennas. Enhanced performance in terms of size, gain, or multifrequency behavior is observed in fractal‐shaped antennas. Here, a small and high‐directivity antenna based on the Sierpinski fractal is presented. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 31: 239–241, 2001.
Optical coherence tomography angiography in choroidal melanoma and nevus (2018)

Decreased flow rate of SMV of choroidal melanoma cases compared with nevi was a significant finding. Detection of characteristic vascular features of choroidal melanoma by OCTA could make OCTA an assuring diagnostic modality to differentiate malignant lesions.
Interplay of plasma-induced and fast thermal nonlinearities in a GaAs-based photonic crystal nanocavity (2009)

We investigate the nonlinear response of GaAs-based photonic crystal cavities at time scales which are much faster than the typical thermal relaxation rate in photonic devices. We demonstrate a strong interplay between thermally and carrier-induced nonlinear effects. We have introduced a dynamical model entailing two thermal relaxation constants which is in very good agreement with experiments. These results will be very important for photonic crystal-based nonlinear devices intended to deal with practical high repetition rate optical signals.
Mechanistic and Chiroptical Studies on the Desulfurization of Epidithiodioxopiperazines Reveal Universal Retention of Configuration at the Bridgehead Carbon Atoms (2013)

The stereochemistry of the desulfurization products of chiral natural and synthetic 3,6-epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETPs) is specified inconsistently in the literature. Qualitative mechanisms have been put forward to explain apparently divergent stereochemical pathways, but the quantitative feasibility of such mechanistic pathways has not been assessed. We report a computational study revealing that desulfurization of ETPs should occur universally with retention of configuration. While the majority of stereochemically assigned and reassigned cases fit this model, until now desulfurization of the synthetic gliotoxin analogue shown has remained assigned as proceeding via inversion of configuration. Through detailed chiroptical studies comparing experimentally obtained optical rotation values, electronic circular dichroism spectra, and vibrational circular dichroism spectra to their computationally simulated counterparts as well as chemical derivatization studies, we have unambiguously demonstrated that contrary to its current assignment in the literature, the desulfurization of this synthetic ETP also proceeds with retention of configuration.
Polypeptide p41 of a Norwalk-Like Virus Is a Nucleic Acid-Independent Nucleoside Triphosphatase (2001)

Southampton virus (SHV) is a member of the Norwalk-like viruses (NLVs), one of four genera of the family Caliciviridae. The genome of SHV contains three open reading frames (ORFs). ORF 1 encodes a polyprotein that is autocatalytically processed into six proteins, one of which is p41. p41 shares sequence motifs with protein 2C of picornaviruses and superfamily 3 helicases. We have expressed p41 of SHV in bacteria. Purified p41 exhibited nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)-binding and NTP hydrolysis activities. The NTPase activity was not stimulated by single-stranded nucleic acids. SHV p41 had no detectable helicase activity. Protein sequence comparison between the consensus sequences of NLV p41 and enterovirus protein 2C revealed regions of high similarity. According to secondary structure prediction, the conserved regions were located within a putative central domain of alpha helices and beta strands. This study reveals for the first time an NTPase activity associated with a calicivirus-encoded protein. Based on enzymatic properties and sequence information, a functional relationship between NLV p41 and enterovirus 2C is discussed in regard to the role of 2C-like proteins in virus replication.
Corrigendum: Mechanistic Insights into Photochromic Behavior of a Ruthenium(II)–Pterin Complex (2011)

In reference [12] on page 3346 of the original Communication, the crystal structure data reported for compound 2 is incorrect. The data should read: “Crystal structure data for 2: C62H36N4O24Re4[{(CO)3Re}4(thq)2(4,7-phen)2]⋅2C7H8, Mr =1965.75; monoclinic; space group P21/c; a=24.9946 (6), b=14.5653(4), c=17.6926(5) Å; β=93.5485(17) °; V=6428.7(3) Å3; Z=4; ρcalcd=2.031 g cm−3; μ= 7.591 mm−1; λ (MoKα)=0.71073 Å; F(000)=3712; T=150(2) K; final R indices: R1 = 0.0629, wR2=0.1586 for 6370 reflections [I>2σ(I)]; R1=0.1318, wR2=0.1866 for 11314 independent reflections (all data) and 782 parameters; GOF=1.046.” Please note that the cif file of CCDC-787349 (2) is correct. The authors apologize for the oversights.
Realistic SISO and MIMO Physical Layer implemented in two Routing Protocols for Vehicular Ad hoc Network (2009)

International audience
A Robust and Simple Phase-Locked Loop for Unbalanced Power Grid Applications (2019)

This paper proposes an improved phase-locked loop (PLL) for estimation of frequency and phasors of three-phase voltage and current signals in power systems. It works for balanced and unbalanced inputs amd offers highly robust performance against wide range of input signal attitudes including its amplitude, and angle. Therefore, it can be reliably applied to different signals in power systems such as fault currents and short-circuit voltages. The parameters of the proposed system are conveniently reduced to the selection of two damping ratios based on developing a linear mathematical model. The simulation results confirm that the system is capable of tracking wide range of changes in frequency, amplitude and phase angle with excellent robustness and short transient time. The proposed system not only reduces the computations compared to its counterparts, but also improves a wide range of applications including grid-synchronization of distributed generation units, power quality monitoring, and measurement of synchrophasors.
Distributed array of cooperating acoustic sensors using local time-frequency coherence analysis (2015)

The distributed array of sensors is an interesting concept in the context of underwater environment monitoring. The signal processing distributed at sensors level has to have a low consumption (much less than the data transmission) and, in the same time, the processing efficiency needs to be satisfactory compared with a processing without any algorithmic complexity constraint. In this paper, we define a network of sensors which individually detect signals of interest based on the concept local time-frequency coherence analysis. This concept consists of estimating, in each analysis window, the local linear frequency modulation that matches the best the analyzed signal. This concept is much less sensitive to the time-varying energy of the signals, providing better detection performances than an energy-based detector. In addition, the sensors are organized in local sub-networks that will provide a joint detection stage. This operation consists in comparing the local time-frequency information obtained by the sensors of the sub-network and if they are the same, at the sub-network level, we decide that the detected signal is a useful one and its parameters has to be sent to the central processing level. This cooperating capability improves the performances as it is proved by the results on real data and quantified in terms of receiving operating characteristics.
Trauma metabolism and the heart. Uptake of substrates and effects of insulin early after cardiac operations. (1990)

In a controlled, randomized study the myocardial uptake/release of individual free fatty acids, glucose, lactate, pyruvate, alanine, and glycerol was studied 1 hour after completion of coronary operations. The effects of insulin were evaluated by means of a hyperinsulinemic "clamp" technique. No significant uptake of free fatty acids was found despite markedly elevated arterial concentrations (mean +/- standard error of the mean, 2.01 +/- 0.19 mmol.L-1), oleic acid, together with palmitic and linoleic acid, constituting 80% of the total plasma free fatty acid level. Insulin treatment (1 unit.kg bw-1.hr-1) prevented a further increase of the plasma free fatty acid level, observed concomitantly in the control group. Insulin affected all individual free fatty acids similarly. Changes in plasma free fatty acid levels occurring during the study and the corresponding myocardial uptake correlated (rS = 0.50 to 0.81). No significant uptake or release of glucose, lactate pyruvate, and glycerol occurred, whereas a myocardial release of alanine was seen. The heart and the concomitant leg uptake/release of glucose (rS = 0.40, p less than 0.05) and lactate (rS = 0.67, p less than 0.01) correlated. A substantial uptake of glucose was achieved and a more positive myocardial balance was obtained for alanine, lactate, and pyruvate with insulin. The changes in heart and the concomitant leg uptake/release correlated (glucose, rS = 0.62, p less than 0.01; lactate, rS = 0.64, p less than 0.01; pyruvate, rS = 0.71, p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the myocardial uptake of substrates during the first hours after coronary surgery is markedly abnormal with no uptake of free fatty acids or carbohydrates. These changes can be explained to some extent by the insulin resistance of trauma metabolism and can be modified by insulin treatment.
A new learning method to improve the category proliferation problem in fuzzy ART (2002)

This paper presents a new learning method to solve the category proliferation problem in fuzzy ART. In the conventional learning methods, both the top-down and bottom-up weight vectors are updated by the fuzzy AND operation between the input vector and the weight vector (or template). But in the proposed method, these vectors are differently updated: the top-down weight vector is updated by the weighted sum of both its current value and the input vector, and the bottom-up weight vector is updated by the fuzzy AND operation between its current value and the newly learned top-down weight vector. The proposed learning method can prevent the abrupt change of the template and achieve good noise tolerance in noisy input pattern. Simulation results show that the proposed learning method effectively resolves the category proliferation problem without increasing the training epochs in noisy environments.
Poly(ProDOT-Et2): A High-Contrast, High-Coloration Efficiency Electrochromic Polymer (2002)

The synthesis and electrochemical polymerization of 3,3-diethyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno-[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT-Et2) was performed resulting in a stable electrochromic polymer capable of switching between an absorbing blue neutral state and a highly transmissive sky-blue oxidized state in sub-second time frames. High optical switching contrast ratios (up to 75% at λmax) and high composite coloration efficiencies (505 cm2/C) were measured.
Bipolar electrodialysis for glycerin production from diester wastes (2003)

Diester plants produce large quantities of glycerin solutions, whose commercial exploitation requires sodium sulphate elimination. Bipolar electrodialysis (BED) has been investigated for its capability to both demineralize solutions and to produce alkali and acid solutions. Demineralization rates above 80% were achieved with glycerin loss below 2%. Alkali and acid solutions were obtained with a final concentration of about 2 N and an energy cost of about 0.5 kWh/kg of pure glycerin. The treatment of waste solutions could be realized with a membrane area of 100 m 2 . Economic evaluation demonstrates the suitability of BED since demineralization allows the upgraded solution to be sold at a price 1.4 times higher than the initial solution.
ATM direct connectionless service (2002)

A method is proposed by which an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) network can directly provide a connectionless data service in a customer premises network. Cells that carry connectionless messages are routed to their destination based on an address written in the VPI/VCI field. This is performed directly by the ATM switches, without any overlay switching functions. The method applies to one addressing domain, which can match a customer premises network. The basic protocols and a buffer protection scheme which can be employed for implementing the service are given. For destinations outside the domain, the protocols allow a transparent use of the connectionless service defined by the CCITT.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Survey of inclusions in twin roll casting of wrought aluminium alloys (2010)

Spent filters employed in twin roll casting of wrought Al alloys were thoroughly analysed to identify the type of inclusions responsible for a variety of quality problems in Al sheet and foil. The inclusions are predominantly of the TiB2, Al2O3 and MgAl2O4 variety. The former are invariably in the form of clusters and occupy a volume fraction relatively larger than that of oxides. The oxides entrapped inside the spent filter are mainly films with a lacy morphology and are accounted for by poor foundry practices. The angular oxide particles, 10 to 20 μm in size, are believed to be inherited from the electrolytic cells where primary Al is produced and from eroded refractory linings. There are occasionally dispersed carbide and halide salt particles retained inside the spent filter. Their volume fractions, however, are too small to generate Bragg reflections in the XRD analysis.
Antimicrobial Coating Efficacy for Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Growth on ISS Water System Materials (2022)

Biofilms can lead to biofouling, microbially induced corrosion, physical impediment and eventual loss in function of water systems, and other engineered systems. The remoteness and closed environment of the International Space Station (ISS) make it vulnerable to unchecked biofilm growth; thus, biofilm mitigation strategies are crucial for current ISS operation and future long duration and deep-space crewed missions. In this study, a space flown bacterial strain of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (PA14) was used as a model organism for its ability to form biofilms. Additionally, a novel antimicrobial coating's ability to reduce biofilm accumulation on stainless steel, Teflon, titanium, and Inconel (all used in the ISS water treatment and handling systems) was analyzed. Coated materials demonstrated reductions of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm across all materials when tested in a continuous flow system with tryptic soy broth medium. However, the coating lost efficacy in potato dextrose broth medium. These findings were corroborated <i>via</i> scanning electron microscopy. This study illustrates the fundamental importance of using multiple approaches to test antibiofilm strategies, as well as the specificity in which conditions such strategies can be implemented.
Integrated prediction of lesion-specific ischaemia from quantitative coronary CT angiography using machine learning: a multicentre study (2018)

• Integrated ischaemia risk score improved prediction of ischaemia over quantitative plaque measures • Integrated ischaemia risk score showed higher prediction of ischaemia than standard approach • Contrast density difference had the highest information gain to identify lesion-specific ischaemia.
Full Range ZVS Phase Shifted Power Converter with "Poles" (1998)

The study and development of a quasi-resonant power converter, with Full Bridge - PhaseShifted - Pulse Width Modulation (FB-PS-PWM) topology is presented. The originality of thepaper is the adding of resonant networks (poles) on each leg to get soft commutation (ZeroVoltage Switching ZVS) over the full range of the output current. The design of the polestructure and the component ratings are described. Simulations and a [1000A-15V] converterprototype, using dual-thyristor, validate the theoretical studies.
Differential inhibitory effects of various herb extracts on the activities of reverse transcriptase and various deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA) polymerases. (1989)

Forty preparations of the extracts from 28 kinds of Asian herbs were tested for ability to inhibit the activities of murine retroviral reverse transcriptase and human deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) polymerases. Among the 40 extracts, 35 inhibited reverse transcriptase activity and 29 inhibited DNA polymerase alpha activity. The inhibitory potencies of these extracts were expressed as the 50% inhibition concentrations (IC50), at which the enzyme activities were inhibited by 50%. Very strong inhibitions were observed with the extracts from Millettia pachycarpa (Leguminosae) and Mallotus apelta (Euphorbiaceae) as shown by their low IC50 values for reverse transcriptase (0.4-0.5 micrograms/ml) and DNA polymerase alpha (0.9-1.4 micrograms/ml). Enzyme kinetic analysis revealed that the mode of inhibition of reverse transcriptase by these two extracts was competitive with respect to the template.primer [poly(rA).oligo(dT)] and noncompetitive with respect to deoxythymidine triphosphate (dTTP) substrate. Besides reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase alpha, DNA polymerase I and ribonucleic acid (RNA) polymerase from E. coli were inhibited by these two extracts. These results indicate that the herb extracts contain as yet unidentified substance(s) which inhibit the activities of reverse transcriptase and cellular DNA polymerases.
Multi‐domain convolutional neural network (MD‐CNN) for radial reconstruction of dynamic cardiac MRI (2020)

MD-CNN reduces the scan time of cine imaging by a factor of 23.3 and provides superior image quality compared to kt-RASPS.
CRACK MODELLING FOR RADIOGRAPHY (2010)

In this paper, possibility of creation of three‐dimensional crack models, both random type and based on real‐life radiographic images is discussed. Method for storing cracks in a number of two‐dimensional matrices, as well algorithm for their reconstruction into three‐dimensional objects is presented. Also the possibility of using iterative algorithm for matching simulated images of cracks to real‐life radiographic images is discussed.
The Signal Transmission Mechanism on the Surface of Human Body for Body Channel Communication (2012)

The signal transmission mechanism on the surface of the human body is studied for the application to body channel communication (BCC). From Maxwell's equations, the complete equation of electrical field on the human body is developed to obtain a general BCC model. The mechanism of BCC consists of three parts according to the operating frequencies and channel distances: the quasi-static near-field coupling part, the reactive induction-field radiation part, and the surface wave far-field propagation part. The general BCC model by means of the near-field and far-field approximation is developed to be valid in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz and distance up to 1.3 m based on the measurements of the body channel characteristics. Finally, path loss characteristics of BCC are formulated for the design of BCC systems and many potential applications.