gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantifying the Benefits of Nonlinear Methods for Global Statistical Hindcasts of Tropical Cyclones Intensity (2020)

Abstract While tropical cyclone (TC) track forecasts have become increasingly accurate over recent decades, intensity forecasts from both numerical models and statistical schemes have been trailing behind. Most operational statistical–dynamical forecasts of TC intensity use linear regression to relate the initial TC characteristics and most relevant large-scale environmental parameters along the TC track to the TC intensification rate. Yet, many physical processes involved in TC intensification are nonlinear, hence potentially hindering the skill of those linear schemes. Here, we develop two nonlinear TC intensity hindcast schemes, for the first time globally. These schemes are based on either support vector machine (SVM) or artificial neural network (ANN) algorithms. Contrary to linear schemes, which perform slightly better when trained individually over each TC basin, nonlinear methods perform best when trained globally. Globally trained nonlinear schemes improve TC intensity hindcasts relative to regionally trained linear schemes in all TC-prone basins, especially the SVM scheme for which this improvement reaches ~10% globally. The SVM scheme, in particular, partially corrects the tendency of the linear scheme to underperform for moderate intensity (category 2 and less on the Saffir–Simpson scale) and decaying TCs. Although the TC intensity hindcast skill improvements described above are an upper limit of what could be achieved operationally (when using forecasted TC tracks and environmental parameters), it is comparable to that achieved by operational forecasts over the last 20 years. This improvement is sufficiently large to motivate more testing of nonlinear methods for statistical TC intensity prediction at operational centers.
Dynamical Casimir effect in a Josephson metamaterial (2013)

The zero-point energy stored in the modes of an electromagnetic cavity has experimentally detectable effects, giving rise to an attractive interaction between the opposite walls, the static Casimir effect. A dynamical version of this effect was predicted to occur when the vacuum energy is changed either by moving the walls of the cavity or by changing the index of refraction, resulting in the conversion of vacuum fluctuations into real photons. Here, we demonstrate the dynamical Casimir effect using a Josephson metamaterial embedded in a microwave cavity at 5.4 GHz. We modulate the effective length of the cavity by flux-biasing the metamaterial based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which results in variation of a few percentage points in the speed of light. We extract the full 4 × 4 covariance matrix of the emitted microwave radiation, demonstrating that photons at frequencies symmetrical with respect to half of the modulation frequency are generated in pairs. At large detunings of the cavity from half of the modulation frequency, we find power spectra that clearly show the theoretically predicted hallmark of the Casimir effect: a bimodal, “sparrow-tail” structure. The observed substantial photon flux cannot be assigned to parametric amplification of thermal fluctuations; its creation is a direct consequence of the noncommutativity structure of quantum field theory.
Performance quantification of icebreaker operations in ice management by numerical simulations (2021)

The paper addresses the problem of quantifying and assessing the effectiveness of icebreaker operations in ice management (IM) using a high-fidelity simulator. The numerical model includes an accurate geometric representation of an icebreaker, a cylindrical protected structure, and a synthetic ice environment. A set of key performance indicators (KPIs) are defined and proposed to quantify the effectiveness of IM strategies for protecting the downstream structure. This give better insight into which IM strategies are more effective with respect to different objectives for certain conditions, thereby enabling better planning and guidance of icebreaker operations. The results from a selection of the simulations performed with nearly 100% ice concentration are presented. This will illustrate the methodology using the different KPIs to quantify the effectiveness and highlight differences between the different IM strategies. From the simulations we see that all patterns have strengths and weaknesses; some KPIs are consistent while others are changing with the ice drift velocity.
Left ventricular mechanical dispersion in flow-gradient patterns of severe aortic stenosis (2020)

Abstract Purpose Patients with severe aortic stenosis are classified according to flow-gradient patterns. We investigated whether left ventricular (LV) mechanical dispersion, a marker of dyssynchrony and predictor of mortality, is associated with low-flow status in aortic stenosis. Methods and results 400 consecutive patients with QRS duration &amp;lt;120ms were included in the retrospective analysis. Patients with severe aortic stenosis (aortic valve area ≤1.0cm2) were classified as normal-flow (NF; stroke volume index &amp;gt;35ml/m2) high-gradient (HG; mean transvalvular gradient ≥40mmHg) (n=79), NF low-gradient (LG) (n=62), low-flow (LF) LG ejection fraction (EF) ≥50% (n=57), and LF LG EF&amp;lt;50% (n=23). Patients with moderate aortic stenosis (aortic valve area 1.5–1.0cm2; n=95) and patients with chronic systolic heart failure (n=84) without aortic stenosis served as comparison groups. Similar values of mechanical dispersion (calculated as standard deviation of time from Q/S onset on electrocardiogram to peak longitudinal strain in 17 left ventricular segments) was observed in patients with NF HG (49.4±14.7ms), NF LG (43.5±12.9ms), LF LG EF≥50% (47.2±16.3ms) and moderate aortic stenosis (44.2±15.7ms). Mechanical dispersion was increased in patients with LF LG EF&amp;lt;50% (60.8±20.7ms) and in chronic heart failure (59.4±16.7ms) (p&amp;lt;0.05 for both vs. NF HG‡, NF LG†, LF LG EF≥50%§ and moderate*; Figure). Mechanical dispersion correlated with LV end-systolic volume index (r=0.2530, p&amp;lt;0.0001), LVEF (r=−0.2895, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and global longitudinal strain (r=0.3108, p&amp;lt;0.0001), but not with parameters of aortic stenosis. Conclusion Mechanical dispersion was similar among flow-gradient subgroups of severe aortic stenosis with preserved LVEF, but increased in patients with low-flow low-gradient and reduced LVEF. These findings indicate that mechanical dispersion is rather a marker of systolic myocardial dysfunction than of aortic stenosis. Figure 1 Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None
Apparatus for the rapid scanning of the Seebeck coefficient of semiconductors (1962)

An apparatus for the determination, near room temperature, of the Seebeck coefficient at a point on the surface of a semiconductor is described. Measurements are simplified by the use of a direct reading potentiometer circuit, and the design of the sample mounting permits rapid measurement at a large number of points.
Cloning and characterization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) serum transferrin cDNA. (1993)

Characterization of Atlantic salmon serum transferrin cDNA representing a near full-length transferrin mRNA revealed a 2,070-bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 690 amino acids. The predicted protein contains an 18 amino acids' long signal sequence and shows 49% amino acid positional identity with Xenopus laevis transferrin and human serum transferrin. On the basis of sequence differences obtained from different salmon transferrin cDNA clones, 2 distinct classes of transferrin mRNA were identified. Both variants were present together in genomic DNA from haploid embryos, demonstrating that Atlantic salmon have 2 transferrin genes per haploid complement. Salmon transferrin is expressed mainly in the liver.
EU 가스 정책을 둘러싼 역내 가스 주체들간의 갈등－EU 집행위원회와 독일간의 갈등을 중심으로－ (2008)

세계적으로 에너지안보가 위협받는 현 상황에서 EU 집행위의 역내가스시장 형성 정책과 가스공급안보 정책은 EU 위원회의 이념적인 비일관성과 절차상의 추진능력의 부족, EU 회원국들 및 기업들의 자국 혹은 자사 경쟁력 강화를 위한 유보적이고 이중적인 EU 집행위의 지침 수용, 러시아의 자원 민족주의로 인해 난항을 겪고 있다. EU 집행위가 2007년 9월 발표한 제3차 에너지법규 개정안(Third Package of Legislative Proposals)을 둘러싼 EU 집행위, 서유럽 회원국들 및 기업들, 러시아간의 논란은 그러한 내부 갈등을 표면화하고 증폭시키는 도화선이 되고 있다. 영미형 신자유주의 원칙을 추구하는 EU 집행위는 경쟁력 강화를 위한 역내가스시장 형성을 위하여 본 개정안을 강력히 추진해 나갈 의사를 밝히고 있으나, 소유 분리로 인한 자국 기업들의 경쟁력 약화와 가스공급안보 위기의 가능성을 우려하는 독일, 프랑스 등 서유럽의 일부 회원국들은 러시아와 마찬가지로 본 개정안에 이의를 제기할 것으로 보인다. EU내 가스시장 주체들간의 내부 마찰은 EU 가스부문이 영미형 신자유주의의 시장경쟁 모델과 대륙형 사회적 시장경제 모델의 관계에서 후자쪽으로 무게중심이 옮겨질 가능성을 시사한다. 현 상황에서 장기적인 가스공급안보 충족을 위하여 협력을 바탕으로 한 시장경쟁을 보장하고, 수직통합형 기업구조와 가스부문에 대한 국가 규제와 관리를 효율적으로 활용하는 방안을 마련할 필요성이 제기된다.
Addition to 2,4-dienes. Ionic and radical additions to ethyl sorbate (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAddition to 2,4-dienes. Ionic and radical additions to ethyl sorbateDale F. Shellhamer, Victor L. Heasley, Jonathan E. Foster, Jeffrey K. Luttrull, and Gene E. HeasleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 13, 2652–2655Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00407a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00407a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Probing Programmable Protein Binding on Self-Assembled Monolayers using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
A Scalable Platform for Functional Nanomaterials via Bubble‐Bursting (2016)

A continuous and scalable bubbling system to generate functional nanodroplets dispersed in a continuous phase is proposed. Scaling up of this system can be achieved by simply tuning the bubbling parameters. This new and versatile system is capable of encapsulating various functional nanomaterials to form functional nanoemulsions and nanoparticles in one step.
Supplementary Data from A Phase I, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of the OX40 Agonist Ivuxolimab in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancers (2023)

Supplementary Data from A Phase I, Open-Label, Dose-Escalation Study of the OX40 Agonist Ivuxolimab in Patients with Locally Advanced or Metastatic Cancers
Rehabilitation with a Prosthetic Ear: A case report (2011)

Prosthetic ears are needed when the natural ones are missing or lost. They are indicated when surgical procedures cannot be performed or when patient does not desire for future surgery. This case report describes successful rehabilitation of an acquired auricular defect with a silicone prosthesis using conventional retention procedure.
A paramedian approach for dorsal root ganglion stimulation placement developed to limit lead migration and fracture (2021)

We describe a new paramedian technique for DRG-S lead placement. We propose it will decrease DRG-S complication rates through anchoring to reduce migration and by avoiding the fascial planes thought to be responsible for fracture. Long-term outcomes applying our proposed techniques are required for determining the true impact, however, early anecdotal results suggest that these new techniques are favorable.
Proper positioning eliminates patient injury. (1989)

1. Pre-existing disorders such as poor nutritional state, diabetes, respiratory disorders arthritis, and cardiac status compound the effects of positioning. 2. Under anesthesia, the patient may be placed in a potentially injurious position that he could protect himself against otherwise. 3. Position influences respiration by mechanical restriction of the ribs and sternum, and by reduced ability of the diaphragm to push down against the abdominal contents. 4. Informed involvement of the operating room nurse will minimize risk to the patient who is defenseless under anesthesia.
Energy flow administration of photovoltaic energy station system implementing boost, buck converters (2016)

In this work a photovoltaic energy station system is proposed. Power converters are designed to transfer energy between source, storage and underwater autonomous vehicle (AUV) load plus variable load station. Efficient regulation of the energy is achieved by linear control PI to track DC bus voltage. Energy management has a power configuration composed of DC-DC converters with digital-control using a Matlab software in order to do calculations. The mathematical formulation of system is analyzed to local stability and controlability. Gains of PI controllers are choice through two methods: Siso-tool of Matlab and stability gain analysis based on the transfer function. Stability proof analysis of converters is demonstrated by Routh Hurwitz even variation load station. Simulation evidence results of the performance improvement are shown.
Trident-type tuning fork silicon gyroscope by the phase difference detection (2002)

The trident-type tuning fork silicon gyroscope was designed and fabricated. The trident-type tuning fork structure and vacuum packaging has a Q value higher than 15000. A new detection principle which is based on the phase difference detection is proposed and is confirmed using the fabricated gyroscope. By this detecting method, it is possible to detect the angular rate without control of the driving amplitude. The gyroscope sensitivity obtained was 180 /spl mu/V/deg/sec.
The Calmodulin-dependent Phosphodiesterase Gene PDE1C Encodes Several Functionally Different Splice Variants in a Tissue-specific Manner (1996)

We report here the identification of cDNAs for three new mouse PDE1C splice variants and the characterization of their kinetics, regulation by Ca2+, sensitivities to inhibitors, and tissue/cellular expression patterns. Sequence analysis indicated that these three cDNAs (PDE1C1, PDE1C4, and PDE1C5), together with our previously reported PDE1C2 and PDE1C3, are alternative splice products of the PDE1C gene. The results from RNase protection analysis and in situ hybridization indicated that the expression of the different PDE1C splice variants is differentially regulated in a tissue/cell-specific manner. Particularly, high levels of PDE1C mRNAs were found in the olfactory epithelium, testis, and several regions of mouse brain such as cerebellar granule cells. All of these splice variants have similar kinetic properties, showing high affinities and approximately the same relative Vmax values for both cAMP and cGMP. However, they responded to Ca2+ stimulation differently. In addition, they show different sensitivities to the calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase inhibitors, KS505a and SCH51866. Substrate competition experiments suggested the presence of only one catalytic site on these PDE1C isozymes for both cAMP and cGMP. In summary, these findings suggest that the PDE1C gene undergoes tissue-specific alternative splicing that generates structurally and functionally diverse gene products.
Fabrication of three-dimensional high-aspect-ratio structures by oblique-incidence Talbot lithography (2020)

Developing a suitable production method for three-dimensional periodic nanostructures with high aspect ratios is a subject of growing interest. For mass production, Talbot lithography offers many advantages. However, one disadvantage is that the minimum period of the light intensity distribution is limited by the period of the diffraction grating used. To enhance the aspect ratio of fabricated nanostructures, in the present study we focus on multiple wave interference between diffracted waves created using the Talbot effect. We propose a unique exposure method to generate multiple wave interference between adjacent diffraction orders by controlling the angle of incidence of an ultraviolet (UV) light source. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations, we obtain fringe patterns with a sub-wavelength period using a one-dimensional periodic grating mask. Moreover, we demonstrate the practical application of this approach by using UV lithography to fabricate sub-wavelength periodic photopolymer-based structures with an aspect ratio of 30 in millimeter-scale areas, indicating its suitability for mass production.
Dynamic and structural properties of polymerized phosphatidylcholine vesicle membranes (1983)

The phase transition, fluidity, and polarity properties of polymerized and nonpolymerized vesicle membranes derived from 1-palmitoyl-2-[12(methacryloyloxy)dodecanoyl]-L-α-phosphatidylcholine (1), bis[12-(methacryloyloxy)dodecanoyl] -L-α-phosphatidylcholine (2), and 1,2-dipalmitoyl[N-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]-DL-α-phosphatidylcholine (3) have been examined by means of differential scanning calorimetry and by the spin-labeling technique. Above 5 °C aqueous multilamellar dispersions of 1, 2, and 3 show a broad-phase transition, no phase change, and a sharp transition, respectively. Polymerization of the&#13;\nmethacrylate group causes a decrease in membrane fluidity in each case and an increase in the temperature of the gross phase change for 1 and 3. Membrane fluidity in copolymerized vesicles of 1 and 2 decreases linearly with the mole fraction of 2 used. The polarity gradient in membranes of 3 is small; polarity gradients in membranes of 1 and 2 are large. Polymerization&#13;\nhas no noticeable effect on these gradients. Fluidity gradients are also present in membranes of 1, 2, and 3 above 20 °C. Polymerization alters the fluidity gradients in a manner which is comparable to lowering the temperature; it also reduces the ability of each membrane to bind [^(15)N]perdeuteriotempone. These results are compared directly with the dynamic and structural properties found in conventional liposomes derived from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and egg yolk phosphatidylcholine.
ChemInform Abstract: "Transparent" Metals: Preparation and Characterization of Light‐Transmitting Platinum Films. (1986)

Abstract Durch photoelektrolytische Abscheidung aus einer verdünnten Lösung von PtO 2 in HClO 4 auf einer p‐InP‐Elektrode werden z: 33 nm dicke, transparente Pt‐Filme hergestellt, die 50% metallisches Pt enthalten und Licht (210‐750 nm) zu 92% transmittieren.
The use of low-cost inertial sensors to improve deep water wave and current measurements from subsurface moorings (2014)

Measuring currents and waves from a subsurface mooring using ADCPs is a useful technique in regions of the world where the use of surface buoys is problematic - either because of ship traffic or theft. This paper evaluates the utility of inexpensive MEMS-based inertial sensors for measuring the platform motion. We find that these sensors are capable of providing the necessary measurements of attitude and heading, as well as the translational velocity of the platform at typical wave frequencies.
Evaluation of Lactose Crystalline Forms by Nondestructive Analysis (1997)

Four methods of quantification of solid lactose using X-ray diffraction were tested. The diffracted peak areas of the two crystalline forms of lactose (α-lactose monohydrate and β-lactose) were compared. Linear and logarithmic relationships between these areas and the quantity of lactose forms were established; correlation coefficients were greater than 0.99. Three methods were applied successfully during hydration of amorphous lactose. However, the fourth method, which considered the peak of α-lactose monohydrate corresponding to a diffraction angle of 2Θ = 12.4° as a reference, gave excessive values. Three of these methods were therefore applied to the hydration of skimmed milk powder. The weak excessive values observed may be the presence of mixed crystals of α-and β-lactose in milk powders. Gravimetry and X-ray diffraction of amorphous lactose, during water uptake under relative humidity of 53%, enhanced three periods: progressive water adsorption by amorphous lactose, water release because of crystallization of amorphous lactose, and water constant level with crystallized α-lactose monohydrate and β-lactose. Differential scanning calorimetry of the different forms of lactose (amorphous, partially crystallized and crystallized forms) were also done during the same period.
Storage Compartments for Capillary Water Rarely Refill in an Intact Woody Plant (2017)

Water storage is thought to play an integral role in the maintenance of whole-plant water balance. The contribution of both living and dead cells to water storage can be derived from rehydration and water-release curves on excised plant material, but the underlying tissue-specific emptying/refilling dynamics remain unclear. Here, we used x-ray computed microtomography to characterize the refilling of xylem fibers, pith cells, and vessels under both excised and in vivo conditions in <i>Laurus nobilis</i> In excised stems supplied with water, water uptake exhibited a biphasic response curve, and x-ray computed microtomography images showed that high water storage capacitance was associated with fiber and pith refilling as driven by capillary forces: fibers refilled more rapidly than pith cells, while vessel refilling was minimal. In excised stems that were sealed, fiber and pith refilling was associated with vessel emptying, indicating a link between tissue connectivity and water storage. In contrast, refilling of fibers, pith cells, and vessels was negligible in intact saplings over two time scales, 24 h and 3 weeks. However, those compartments did refill slowly when the shoot was covered to prevent transpiration. Collectively, our data (1) provide direct evidence that storage compartments for capillary water refill in excised stems but rarely under in vivo conditions, (2) highlight that estimates of capacitance from excised samples should be interpreted with caution, as certain storage compartments may not be utilized in the intact plant, and (3) question the paradigm that fibers play a substantial role in daily discharge/recharge of stem capacitance in an intact tree.
Antigenicity of Helicobacter pylori lipopolysaccharides (1992)

An investigation of the sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) profiles of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) extracted from seven strains of Helicobacter pylori revealed that these molecules were silver stainable and exhibited a high degree of variability in their patterns. Two strains synthesized a variety of sizes of LPS molecules such that fractionation by SDS-PAGE resulted in a stepwise gradation of bands which extended from the top to the bottom of the silver-stained gel. The LPSs from the remaining five strains were made up of molecules which were more homogeneous in size and clustered around two separate areas of the gel. Antigenic analyses of phenol-water-extracted LPSs by immunoblotting and the passive hemagglutination assay suggested that, in addition to strain-specific antigens, all of the LPSs carried a common antigen. Antibodies to this common antigen could be removed from antisera by absorption, and the resulting antisera were used to differentiate strains on the basis of their O antigens by the passive hemagglutination assay technique. The finding that LPSs from 3 of 10 clinical isolates reacted specifically in one or two of the typing antisera suggested that the development of a scheme for differentiating H. pylori on the basis of O antigens is feasible.