gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Use of a Commercial Organic Biostimulant for Improved Production of Marigold Cultivars (1993)

A commercial extract of humic acids and kelp containing thiamine and L-ascorbic acid, both alone (ROOTS ) and combined with fertilizer (ROOTS PLUS"), was tested as a growth biostimulant. Tests were conducted with marigolds ('Climax', 'Crackerjack', 'Gay Ladies' and 'Nugget') under greenhouse and yield conditions. ROOTS" promoted earlier germination and produced better transplants with increased roo1 lengths and shoot heights Transplants removed Cram the greenhouse and transplanted to the field showed increased shoot height and increased earlier flowering when plants were treated monthly with ROOTS PLUS", as opposed to fertilizer alone. Transplants grown to maturity in the greenhouse and treated with ROOTS PLUS" flowered earlier. However, shoot height and shoot diameter were not significantly. different at maturity. ROOTS" appears to accelerate growth, leading to earlier reproduction. Based upon observations of increased lumen area in the xylem, we propose that the growth effect may result from increased permeability to water and nutrients. Biostimulant applications may lead to improved production of marigold bedding plants and earlier flowering.
Synthesis of new proton‐ionizable dibenzocrown ethers (1998)

Abstract A series of structurally related dibenzo‐15‐crown‐5, dibenzo‐18‐crown‐6, and dibenzo‐21‐crown‐7 compounds with oxymethylacetoxy side arms is synthesized by reaction of the corresponding crown ether alcohols with potassium hydride and bromoacetic acid. Multi‐step synthetic routes to the crown ether alcohol precursors are reported.
A ‘new drama for television’? (2015)

Diary of a Young Man was a six-part series broadcast on BBC in August and September 1964. Written by Troy Kennedy Martin and John McGrath, produced by James MacTaggart and directed by Ken Loach and Peter Duguid, it also represented a significant coming together of personnel within the BBC with an interest in changing the direction of television drama. This chapter begins with an overview of the context from which the manifesto, and the accompanying series, emerged. It considers the ideas within the manifesto and analyses how these were exemplified in the series itself. The chapter concludes with an assessment of some of the issues and questions to which the manifesto and series give rise. One aspect of Kennedy Martin's analysis of the 'objectivity' of the television camera, and its 'unblinking' gaze, was what he identified as the 'non-selectivity' of the television image.
FloatBoost Learning for Classification (2002)

AdaBoost [3] minimizes an upper error bound which is an exponential function of the margin on the training set [14]. However, the ultimate goal in applications of pattern classification is always minimum error rate. On the other hand, AdaBoost needs an effective procedure for learning weak classifiers, which by itself is difficult especially for high dimensional data. In this paper, we present a novel procedure, called FloatBoost, for learning a better boosted classifier. FloatBoost uses a backtrack mechanism after each iteration of AdaBoost to remove weak classifiers which cause higher error rates. The resulting float-boosted classifier consists of fewer weak classifiers yet achieves lower error rates than AdaBoost in both training and test. We also propose a statistical model for learning weak classifiers, based on a stagewise approximation of the posterior using an overcomplete set of scalar features. Experi-mental comparisons of FloatBoost and AdaBoost are provided through a difficult classification problem, face detection, where the goal is to learn from training examples a highly nonlinear classifier to differentiate be-tween face and nonface patterns in a high dimensional space. The results clearly demonstrate the promises made by FloatBoost over AdaBoost. 1
Applying IC-Scheduling Theory to Familiar Classes of Computations (2007)

Earlier work has developed the underpinnings of IC-scheduling theory, an algorithmic framework for scheduling computations having intertask dependencies for Internet-based computing (IC). The theory aims to produce schedules that render tasks eligible for execution at the maximum possible rate, so as to: (a) utilize remote clients' computational resources well, by always having work available for allocation; (b) lessen the likelihood that a computation can stall for lack of tasks that are eligible for execution. The current paper reconnects the theory, which models computations abstractly, with a variety of significant real computations and computational paradigms, by illustrating how to schedule these computations optimally.
Comparison of long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetases from rabbit heart and liver: substrate preferences and effects of Mg2+ (1997)

Rabbit heart has a single, non-specific, fatty acyl-CoA synthetase (HP1) which is dependent on Mg2+, apart from the requirement for MgATP2-. Two long-chain fatty acyl-CoA synthetase activities (LP1 and LP2) can be resolved by hydroxyapatite chromatography of liver preparations; the Mg2+ requirement for these enzymes is undefined. These experiments were done to define the Mg2+ requirements of the liver enzymes and to compare them with the heart enzyme. For all three sources of enzyme and for arachidonic, oleic and palmitic acid substrates, the overall velocity of the reaction increased as [Mg2+] increased. Depending on the substrate and the source of enzyme, the increase in overall velocity could be attributed to changes in affinity or maximal velocity or both. The substrate preference of the HP1 enzyme for arachidonic acid (AA) was fifth or sixth of eight substrates regardless of the concentration of Mg2+. In contrast, increasing [Mg2+] shifted the relative substrate preference of both liver enzymes for AA. At low [Mg2+], AA was ranked seventh or eighth (least preferred) of eight substrates, whereas at high [Mg2+], AA was ranked as fifth or sixth. Hill plots of competition studies were consistent with Mg2+-induced positive co-operativity in LP1, but not in HP1 or LP2. Although enzymes from the three sources exhibit substantial kinetic differences, it is uncertain whether they are three different enzymes.
Simulation of Particle Coagulation in Temporally Developing Mixing Layers (2001)

Direct numerical simulation of coagulating aerosols in two-dimensional, mixing layers are performed. The evolution of the particle field is obtained by utilizing a sectional model to approximate the aerosol general dynamic equation. The sectional model is advantageous in that there are no a priori assumptions regarding the particle size distribution. This representation facilitates the capture of the underlying physics in an accurate manner.
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationships in Drug Metabolism (2006)

This review of 61 references delineates contemporary computation quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) approaches that have been used to elucidate the molecular features that influence the binding and metabolism of a compound by the major phase 1 and phase 2 metabolising enzymes; Cytochrome P450 (CYP) and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT), respectively. Contemporary studies are applying 2D and 3D QSAR, pharmacophore approaches and nonlinear techniques (for example: recursive partitioning, neural networks and support vector machines) to model drug metabolism. Furthermore, this review highlights some of the challenges and opportunities for future research; the need to develop 'global' models for CYP and UGT metabolism and to extend QSAR for other important metabolising enzymes.
Antiepileptogenesis Therapy with Levetiracetam: Data from Kindling versus Status Epilepticus Models (2007)

Prophylactic Treatment with Levetiracetam after Status Epilepticus: Lack of Effect on Epileptogenesis, Neuronal Damage, and Behavioral Alterations in Rats. Brandt C, Glien M, Gastens AM, Fedrowitz M, Bethmann K, Volk HA, Potschka H, Löscher W. Neuropharmacology 2007;53(2):207–221. Levetiracetam (LEV) is a structurally novel antiepileptic drug (AED) which has demonstrated a broad spectrum of anticonvulsant activities both in experimental and clinical studies. Previous experiments in the kindling model suggested that LEV, in addition to its seizure-suppressing activity, may possess antiepileptogenic or disease-modifying activity. In the present study, we evaluated this possibility by using a rat model in which epilepsy with spontaneous recurrent seizures (SRS), behavioral alterations, and hippocampal damages develop after a status epilepticus (SE) induced by sustained electrical stimulation of the basal amygdala. Two experimental protocols were used. In the first protocol, LEV treatment was started 24h after onset of electrical amygdala stimulation without prior termination of the SE. In the second protocol, the SE was interrupted after 4h by diazepam, immediately followed by onset of treatment with LEV. Treatment with LEV was continued for 8weeks (experiment #1) or 5weeks (experiment #2) after SE, using continuous drug administration via osmotic minipumps. The occurrence of SRS was recorded during and after treatment. In addition, the rats were tested in a battery of behavioral tests, including the elevated-plus maze and the Morris water maze. Finally, the brains of the animals were analyzed for histological lesions in the hippocampal formation. With the experimental protocols chosen for these experiments, LEV did not exert antiepileptogenic or neuroprotective activity. Furthermore, the behavioral alterations, e.g., behavioral hyperexcitability and learning deficits, in epileptic rats were not affected by treatment with LEV after SE. These data do not support the idea that administration of LEV after SE prevents or reduces the long-term alterations developing after such brain insult in rats.
SU‐E‐T‐494: A MOSFET‐Based In‐Vivo Dosimetry System for MR Image‐Guided Radiation Therapy (MR‐IGRT) (2014)

Purpose: To determine if a MOSFET based in‐vivo dosimetry system can be used for patients undergoing MR‐IGRT. Methods: Standard and high sensitivity MOSFET detectors were used for in‐field and out‐of‐field measurements respectively. The systems were benchmarked and calibrated against a calibrated ionization chamber on a standard 6 MV linear accelerator, and then on the MR‐IGRT system. Known doses were delivered to a water phantom with the MOSFETs placed between the top of the phantom and underneath a layer of bolus and water equivalent plastic, using a 6 MV beam and a 6 0 Co MR‐IGRT beam. The latter was performed with and without real‐time MRI‐guidance during the beam delivery (MRIGRT). Results: The in‐field dosimeter response was linear from 50‐500 cGy with little evidence of energy dependence or change in response due to the permanent static magnetic field of the MR‐IGRT system. The detector response varied by &lt; 2% between 6 MV and 6 0 Co without image guided delivery. The out‐of‐field dosimeter response was linear from 1‐50 cGy; however the detectors did display dose rate and energy dependence as the response varied by &gt; 20% depending on distance from isocenter used during calibration. Therefore, to use the dosimeters for out‐of‐field measurements they must be calibrated out‐of‐field. Regardless of the detector orientation in the coronal plan, the response of the MOSFETs during MRI‐guided delivery increased by 5% due to induced currents from the dynamic magnetic field present with image guidance. During the MRI‐guided delivery, some loss in image quality was seen when the MOSFETs were present in the imaging plane. This was mitigated by using a handheld reader without a transmitting wireless receiver. Conclusion: A MOSFET‐based in‐vivo dosimetry system can be used for patients receiving MR‐IGRT; however the change in detector response due to the dynamic magnetic field requires a special calibration.
Wavelength separation from extreme ultraviolet mirrors using phaseshift reflection (2012)

A generic design and fabrication scheme of Mo/Si multilayer-grating phaseshift reflector systems is reported. Close to optimized extreme ultraviolet (EUV, λ=13.5 nm) reflectance values up to 64% are demonstrated, while the diffractive properties can be exploited in spectral filtering applications. The results can contribute to a wavelength-unspecific solution for the suppression of λ>100 nm out-of-band radiation in EUV lithography.
Rate-Distortion Optimization Guided Autoencoder for Isometric Embedding\n in Euclidean Latent Space (2019)

To analyze high-dimensional and complex data in the real world, deep\ngenerative models, such as variational autoencoder (VAE) embed data in a\nlow-dimensional space (latent space) and learn a probabilistic model in the\nlatent space. However, they struggle to accurately reproduce the probability\ndistribution function (PDF) in the input space from that in the latent space.\nIf the embedding were isometric, this issue can be solved, because the relation\nof PDFs can become tractable. To achieve isometric property, we propose Rate-\nDistortion Optimization guided autoencoder inspired by orthonormal transform\ncoding. We show our method has the following properties: (i) the Jacobian\nmatrix between the input space and a Euclidean latent space forms a\nconstantlyscaled orthonormal system and enables isometric data embedding; (ii)\nthe relation of PDFs in both spaces can become tractable one such as\nproportional relation. Furthermore, our method outperforms state-of-the-art\nmethods in unsupervised anomaly detection with four public datasets.\n
Emerging therapies in traumatic hemorrhage control (2009)

Given the potential to preserve life with appropriate attention applied to the bleeding trauma victim, it is vitally important to explore the options currently available and continue to make improvements in care.
Platelet function : assessment, diagnosis, and treatment (2005)

Part I. Platelet Physiology Platelet Physiology Martin Quinn Platelet Integrins and Signaling Karlheinz Peter Platelet Adhesion Brian Savage and Zaverio M. Ruggeri Structure-Function of the Platelet Cytoskeleton Elaine L. Bearer Platelets and Inflammation Meinrad Gawaz Platelet Signal-Dependent Protein Synthesis Stephan Lindemann, Thomas M. McIntyre, Stephen M. Prescott, Guy A. Zimmerman, and Andrew S. Weyrich Phosphoproteomics of Human Platelets Katrin Marcus and Helmut E. Meyer Part II. Assessing Platelet Function Platelet Function Studies Dermot Cox Platelet Function Under Flow Jose A. Lopez, Ian del Conde, and Jing-Fei Dong Pharmacodynamics of GPIIb-IIIa Receptor Blockade Lisa K. Jennings and Melanie M. White Prostanoid Generation in Platelet Function: Assessment and Clinical Relevance Bianca Rocca and Carlo Patrono Platelets and Prothrombin Michael Kalafatis, Emil Negrescu, Tatiana Byzova, and Edward F. Plow Markers of Platelet Activation and Granule Secretion Alan D. Michelson and Mark I. Furman Genomic and Proteomic Analysis of Platelets: Clinical Applications Andrew Maree and James McRedmond Part III. Clinical Applications Antiplatelet Agents Jacqueline Saw and David J. Moliterno Assessing Platelet Function in Clinical Trials Neal Kleiman Index
Automatic real‐time surveillance of eye position and gating for stereotactic radiotherapy of uveal melanoma (2004)

A new prototype (hardware and software) for monitoring eye movements using a noninvasive technique for gated linac-based stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) of uveal melanoma was developed. The prototype was tested within the scope of a study for 11 patients. Eye immobilization was achieved by having the patient fixate a light source integrated into the system. The system is used in conjunction with a Head&Neck mask system for immobilization, and uses infrared tracking technology for positioning (both BrainLAB AG Heimstetten/Germany). It was used during CT and MR image acquisition as well as during all of five treatment fractions (6 MeV, 5 x 12 Gy to 80% isodose) to guarantee identical patient setup and eye rotational state during treatment planning and treatment delivery. Maximum temporal and angular deviations tolerated during treatment delivery can be chosen by the physician, the radiation then being interrupted automatically and instantaneously if those criteria are being exceeded during irradiation. A graphical user interface displays life video images of the treated eye and information about the current and previous rotational deviation of the eye from its reference treatment position. The physician thus has online access to data directly linked to the success of the treatment and possible side effects. Mean angular deviations during CT/MR scans and treatment deliveries ranged from 1.61 degrees to 3.64 degrees (standard deviations 0.87 degrees to 2.09 degrees ) which is in accordance with precision requirements for SRT. Typical situations when preset deviation criteria were exceeded are slow drifts (fatigue), sudden large eye movements (irritation), or if patients closed their eyes (fatigue). In these cases radiation was reliably interrupted by the gating system. In our clinical setup the novel system for computer-controlled eye movement gated treatments was well tolerated by all patients. The system yields quantitative real-time information about the eye's rotational state with respect to a reference position (treatment planning situation). Together with the possibility of performing movement-gated treatments of uveal melanoma, the system thus greatly improves the quality of this treatment.
Automation of NonisotopicIn SituHybridization (2003)

Automated nonisotopic In Situ hybridization (ISH) protocols with and without tyramide amplification with a sensitivity capable of detecting relatively low-abundance mRNA using a combination of the Ventana Discovery System® and DAKO Autostainer® have been developed. Protocol parameters for ISH were optimized on mouse or rat tissues using 250-bp to I-kb digoxigenin-labeled polymerase chain reaction-generated riboprobes to Cathepsin S (a cysteine peptidase), 2–19 (a novel four-helix bundle cytokine), and GRP14 (G-protein coupled receptor for Urotensin 11). Both cryosections and paraffin sections were evaluated. Parameters optimized included fixation, pretreatments (proteinase K digestion, avidin-biotin blocking), probe concentration, stringency wash conditions with/without formamide, RNase treatment, and poststringency fixation. Hybridization and stringency washes were performed on the Discovery System®, and immunodetection was performed on the DAKO Autostainer;amp;#x00AE;O. ptimal signal was achieved in the majority of tissues, for the probes examined, using fresh frozen cryosections fixed for 1 h in 4% paraformaldehyde followed by successive treatments with 0.1% active DEPC, H2O2 in methanol, 0.1 mg/mL proteinase K, and 0.2 M HCl. Background was minimized with final probe concentrations of ∼30–50 ng/mL (1 μL/mL RiboHybe®). Optimal signal was obtained with hybridization at 55°C for a minimum of 9 h. Successive stringency washes at 55°C containing 1X SSC, 0.5X SSC, and 0.1X SSC were effective in eliminating nonspecific probe binding. Poststringency fixation in 4% paraformaldehyde reduced nonspecific staining and maintained tissue morphology during immunodetection. For some targets and tissues, alternative tissue preparations were required for optimal signal, e.g., perfusion fixation, paraffin embedding. We determined that it was essential to match sense and antisense probe concentration to avoid spurious non-specific signal from sense probe. Features of the Discovery System®, such as individual slide heating control and reagent agitation under liquid coverslip, contribute significantly to uniformity of hybridization signal and reduced nonspecific probe binding. The combination of instrumentation offers the opportunity to complete an ISH protocol within 18 h and to rapidly assess numerous variables. (The J Histotechnol 26:181, 2003)Submitted June 10, 2003; Accepted July 24, 2003
Underground Corrosion of Activated Metals in an Arid Vadose Zone Environment (2001)

This is a preprint of a paper intended for publication in a journal or proceedings. Since changes may be made before publication, this preprint should not be cited or reproduced without permission of the author. This document was prepared as a account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party&amp;apos;s use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus, product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned rights. The views expressed in this paper are not necessarily those of the U.S. Government or the sponsoring agency.
Framework for Version Control & Dependency Link of Components & Products in a Software Product Line (2004)

Software product line deals with the assembly of products from existing core assets commonly known as components and continuous growth in the core assets as we proceed with production. This idea has emerged as vital in terms of software development from component-based architecture. Since in software product line one has to deal with number of products and components simultaneous therefore there is a need to develop a strategy, which will help to store components and products information in such a way that they can be traced easily for further development. This storage strategy should reflect a relationship between products and components so that product history with reference to components can be traced and vise versa. In this paper we have presented a tree structure based storage strategy for components and products in software product line. This strategy will enable us to store the vital information about components and products with a relationship of their composition and utilization. We implemented this concept and simulated the software product line environment.
Spray Combustion Modeling and Evaluation Task (formerly Direct Heating and Conversion Project): Final report, May 15, 1981--December 31, 1985 (1989)

The purpose of the Energy Conversion and Utilization Technologies (ECUT) Program is to provide to industry the means to achieve higher energy efficiency and greater broad-specification fuel usage through expansion of the technology base and through the evolution of advanced concepts in energy conversion and utilization. The applied-research and exploratory-development activities supported under this program are of a long-term, high-risk nature and focus on generic technologies which have potential for providing markedly increased energy productivity on diverse applications addressed by the broad spectrum of energy consumers. The Spray Combustion Modeling and Evaluation Task (formerly Direct Heating and Conversion Project) is one of several that comprise the Continuous Combustion work element of the ECUT Combustion Program. This program supports advanced technology and exploratory developments that will improve the energy-conversion efficiency, multiple-fuel use, and fuel flexibility of furnaces, boilers, stationary open-cycle heat engines, and plans the support of novel, direct energy-conversion systems. Fuels of interest are those that are not currently commercially significant and whose wider usage would conserve the supply of premium fuels such as oil and natural gas. 6 refs., 4 figs.
Relationship among gastric motility, autonomic activity, and portal hemodynamics in patients with liver cirrhosis (2001)

Parasympathetic hypofunction, sympathetic hyperfunction and portal hemodynamics were closely related with gastric motility in cirrhotic patients. In addition, gastric motility was decreased, at least in part, by the ingestion of food in cirrhotic patients because of abnormalities in autonomic functions and portal blood flow following a meal.