gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computational methods for climate data (2012)

Abstract As climate changes, regional responses may become more apparent; impacts often can become natural hazards, adversely affecting millions of people, on all continents and most nations. The coupling of hazards to climate change scenarios is a great challenge of climate change science. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to observe, simulate and ultimately understand this coupling, for the benefit of society and sustainability of the Earth's environment. Different applied mathematical techniques have been used to discern real effects of these changes and study long term trends. Moreover, those techniques can be applied in addressing the intensity and frequency of extreme events associated with climate change at regional scales and would be an important step in facing future extreme events associated with climate change. Computational methods include applying statistical data analysis, mesoscale and climate simulations while assisting modeling efforts with satellite based observations. Predictive analytics platforms would be very useful for assessing impacts of climate variability and change on the frequency and intensity of extreme events and how these extreme events can affect water and air quality issues globally. These tools are an innovative technology that applies data mining methods, predictive models, analysis and reporting to data, without the inherent limitations of current On Line Analytical Processing tools that suffer from cube rigidity, database explosion and dimensional constriction. Climate‐induced changes are complex and vary across a wide range of dimensions. An important part of predictive analytics platforms are their unlimited dimensionality and the segmentation of data by ‘physical’ or ‘performance’ characteristics. For example, a physical dimension might be the climate divisions in the state of California. A performance dimension could be the arithmetical, mathematical, or statistical segmentation of data based on its performance with regard to time. WIREs Comput Stat 2012 doi: 10.1002/wics.1213 This article is categorized under: Applications of Computational Statistics &gt; Computational Climate Change and Numerical Weather Forecasting Applications of Computational Statistics &gt; Signal and Image Processing and Coding Data: Types and Structure &gt; Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Quantitative evaluation of oxidative stress status on peripheral blood in β‐thalassaemic patients by means of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (2005)

High oxidative stress status (OSS) is known to be one of the most important factors determining cell injury and consequent organ damage in thalassaemic patients with secondary iron overload. Using an innovative hydroxylamine 'radical probe' capable of efficiently trapping majority of oxygen-radicals including superoxide we measured, by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, OSS in peripheral blood of 38 thalassaemic patients compared with sex-/age-matched healthy controls. Thalassaemic patients showed sixfold higher EPR values of OSS than controls. Significantly higher EPR values of OSS were observed in those with a severe phenotype (thalassaemia major, transfusion-dependent) with respect to mild phenotype (sickle-cell/beta-thalassaemia, not transfusion-dependent) or thalassaemia intermedia. In patients with thalassaemia major, EPR values of OSS were positively correlated with serum ferritin and with alanine aminotransferase levels. In patients with sickle cell/beta-thalassaemia, there was no correlation between EPR value of OSS and all parameters considered. The type of chelating therapy (desferrioxamine or deferiprone) did not have an effect on EPR value of OSS. In conclusion, EPR 'radical probe' seems to be a valid innovative method to determine total OSS in patients affected by thalassaemia and might be used for evaluating new strategies of chelation, new chelators, or the efficacy of antioxidant formula.
Traitement systémique du carcinome hépatocellulaire (2008)

Le bénéfice observé avec les traitements systémiques cytotoxiques reste marginal dans le carcinome hépatocellulaire (CHC) non résécable ou métastatique. Avec l’arrivée des thérapies ciblées, nous assistons actuellement à un regain d’intérêt pour le développement des traitements systémiques du CHC. Pour la première fois, les résultats récents d’une étude de phase III comparant le sorafénib à un placebo ont montré un bénéfice significatif en termes de survie globale chez les patients ayant un CHC avancé. L’identification de facteurs prédictifs et la recherche de nouvelles molécules restent des enjeux majeurs dans cette maladie de mauvais pronostic.
Venture Capital on the Downside: Preferred Stock and Corporate Control (2002)

When stock indices drop precipitously, when the startup companies fizzle out, and when it stops raining money on places like Wall Street and Silicon Valley, attention turns to downside contracting. Law and business lawyers, sitting in the back seat as mere facilitators on the upside, move up to the front and sometimes even take the wheel. The job is the same on both the upside and downside: to maximize the value of going concern assets. But what comes easily on the upside can be dirty work on the down, where assets need to be separated from dysfunctional teams of business people to stem the flow of red ink to disappointed investors. The team members rarely go quietly, no matter how unsuccessful. The outcome can turn on provisions in contracts entered into on the upside cookie-cutter paragraphs in boilerplate forms, barely noticed when the cash flows easily. This Article takes the occasion of the simultaneous collapse of the high technology stock market and the failure of the dot-com startups,l along with the subsequent retrenchment of the venture capital business,2 to examine the law and economics of downside arrangements in venture capital contracts. The subject matter implicates core concerns of legal and economic theory of the firm. Debates about the separation of ownership and control,3 relational
Improved optical design for photovoltaic cells and modules (2002)

A scheme is described which is based on the use of tilted grooves for transferring light incident on noncell areas, laterally for relatively large distances within the encapsulation material, to where adjacent solar cells are located. Such an approach is shown capable of not only converting dead spaces between cells into active collecting regions, but also of allowing greatly reduced packing factors down to the 20-50% range to be used without loss of module performance. An approach for reducing the reflection at the silicon interface down to well below 1% through the use of off-axis <100> orientation wafers in conjunction with standard encapsulation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bio-based calcium carbonate (CaCO<SUB align="right">3) nanoparticles for drug delivery applications (2014)

Targeted delivery of a cytotoxic drug using a drug delivery system could maximise the efficacy of the drug and reduce the side effects. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) nanoparticles are highly porous, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have pH-sensitive properties, which makes them good candidates for biological drug delivery systems. In this study, the nanoparticles were derived from egg shells and studied for their drug loading capacity and cytotoxicity, using human colon adenocarcinoma (SW480), and human dermal fibroblast (HDF) cells. The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay indicated a 50% cytotoxicity for SW480 cells at a concentration of 0.3 mg/ml, but there was no cytotoxic effect observed in HDF cells at the same concentration. The anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and natural compound indole-3-carbinol (I3C) were loaded into CaCO3 nanoparticles and release profiles were studied. These results showed that the drugs can be loaded in CaCO3 nanoparticles and released efficiently. The drug loaded nanoparticles were more cytotoxic compared to the as-received drugs alone. The 5FU-loaded nanoparticles in pH 1.0, 5.0, and 7.4 yielded a total loading and release of 86.98 µg, 77.83 µg, and 162.60 µg respectively. Depending on the pH of the solution, up to 162.60 µg of 5-FU was loaded and released from 50 milligrams of the particles, whereas, up to 563.47 micrograms of I3C was loaded and released from similarly loaded particles. These preliminary results indicate the potential of bio-based CaCO3 nanoparticles in therapeutic applications.
Study of a Rotary-drive Vibratory-output Accelerometer (1977)

This paper describes the study conducted on a new type accelerometer, Which is equipped with a rotary-drive vibratory-output to obtain inertial acceleration, as an inertial guidance component of a rocket vehicle, as well as other such applications. The accelerometer has the advantage of eliminating cross coupling error due to acceleration along non-sensitive axes of the accelerometer. This unconventional accelerometer is constructed by mounting an unbalanced mass rotor and a centrifugal pendulum in a gimbal. The moments of inertia of the rotor about the two principal axes on the rotor rotation plane are nearly equal. If the rotor rotates at a constant angular rate about one of the principal axes and acceleration with a component along the rotor axle is applied to the accelerometer, a vibratory moment corresponding to the frequency of the rotor rotation develops about the gimbal axis normal to the rotor rotational axis. This moment is proportional to the sensed acceleration in magnitude, and has a phase relationship to the direction of the sensed acceleration along the rotational axis. A unique, trial production, accelerometer using a centrifugal pendulum was produced and tested. This accelerometer employed tuned Coulomb frictionless suspension provide electricla damping for the gimbal. This paper has presented an explanation of the function and theory of operation of the accelerometer. Experimental results obtained from the trial production accelerometer have also been presented and have been found to agree with the theoretical predictions. The results show acceleration resolution to be of the order based on a unity signal-to-noise ratio, and confirm the practicability of the accelerometer.
Power efficient hardware accelerators for machine learning, combinatorial optimization, and pattern matching applications (2020)

It appears increasingly likely that future performance gains in computing will only be possible by developing novel architectures and circuits, especially those that can efficiently utilize emerging devices in addition to CMOS. I will describe my team’s efforts to co-design across algorithms and architectures to find gains in speed and power. We have utilized the analog and non-volatile nature of memristors to build a Classical Annealer for solving optimization problems more rapidly and at lower energy than current digital systems or Quantum Annealers under development. The presence of intrinsic analog noise in the circuits can be effectively harnessed and dampened as needed in the computing. In another work, we have developed new circuits and assembled architectures that accelerate Finite Automata, enabling rapid pattern matching used in applications from network security to genomics. We forecast significant improvement over CPUs, GPUs, and custom ASICs using the above systems. I will describe the work spanning devices, chip demonstrations, and performance benchmarking.
Photostimulated evaporation of SiO2 films by synchrotron radiation (1990)

Irradiation by synchrotron radiation on SiO2 films induces continuous removal of this material at elevated temperatures. The photostimulated evaporation rate for a thermally grown SiO2 film increases steeply with temperature giving an activation energy of 0.7 eV. The experimental results indicate that photon-induced bond breaking assists decomposition and thermal desorption of the film. Applications to microfabrication of a line-and-space pattern and low-temperature cleaning of Si(100) surface are demonstrated.
Lebensqualität herzoperierter und nicht herzoperierter Marfan-Patienten in der Schweiz (2008)

Ein Handbuch für Betroffene seltener Krankheiten und ihr Umfeld. &#13;\n&#13;\nDas Bewältigen einer chronischen Krankheit stellt an die betroffenen Menschen hohe Anforderungen. Erst recht, wenn die Krankheit selten ist. Wie gehen sie damit um? Welche Unterstützung erhalten sie von ihrem sozialen und vom professionellen Umfeld? Was bedeuten «Gesundheits- kompetenz» und «Empowerment» für sie – in der Gesundheitsversorgung und im Alltag? Am Beispiel des Marfan-Syndroms sind Betroffene und Fachleute diesen Fragen aus verschiedenen Blickwinkeln nachgegangen.
Efficacy of RONOZYME® WX (endo‐1,4‐β‐xylanase) as a feed additive for laying hens (2019)

RONOZYME <sup>®</sup> WX is an additive that contains endo-1,4-β-xylanase which is authorised for use as a feed additive in poultry for fattening, weaned piglets and pigs for fattening. The Panel on additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) delivered in 2012 an opinion on the safety and efficacy of RONOZYME <sup>®</sup> WX when used as a feed additive for poultry, piglets (weaned) and pigs for fattening and another one in 2016 on the change of the production strain proposed by the applicant. In those opinions, the FEEDAP Panel concluded that the use of the product as a feed additive raise no concerns for consumer safety or for the environment. Considering the safety for the user, the Panel concluded that the additive is not a skin or eye irritant but could not conclude on the skin sensitisation potential of the additive, however, and owing to the proteinaceous nature of the active substance the additive was considered a potential respiratory sensitiser. In a further application, the applicant requested the use of the additive in laying hens. The tolerance trial provided for that assessment allowed to conclude that the additive is safe for laying hens under the recommended conditions of use. In the same application and in order to support the efficacy of the additive in laying hens, the applicant submitted three long-term trials. In all three trials, the groups receiving the xylanase at the recommended dose showed a lower feed intake and a better feed to egg mass ratio. However, in one of the three trials, these reductions were seen concurrently with a decrease in the laying rate. This result casted doubts on the efficacy of the additive, and therefore, the Panel considered that there was not sufficient evidence to conclude on the efficacy of the product. The applicant provided a further efficacy trial in which the results showed that the hens that received the additive had a better laying performance at the recommended level of 100 FXU/kg and allowed the Panel to conclude that the additive is efficacious as a zootechnical additive in laying hens.
Impact on Cycle Efficiency of Small Combined Heat and Power Plants From Increasing Firing Temperature Enabled by Additive Manufacturing of Turbine Blades and Vanes (2021)

Abstract Using an analytical cooled gas turbine model and a steam cycle model, this study estimates the impact on combined heat and power (CHP) cycle performance from increasing the turbine firing temperature by 180°F (100°C) and improving the turbine blade cooling for a 6-MW scale gas turbine. A sensitivity analysis was performed to understand the impact of increasing the internal cooling effectiveness, thermal barrier coating performance, and blade material upgrades on gas turbine and CHP cycle efficiency. The impacts of turbine blade cooling improvements were studied for three common CHP cycle configurations identified from the literature. Various definitions for CHP cycle efficiency from the literature are used in the comparisons. The results show that a 180°F (100°C) increase in firing temperature can increase the gas turbine efficiency by 1 percentage point without improving cooling effectiveness and add 2 additional percentage points in efficiency by using advanced turbine blades with higher internal cooling efficiency. The engine upgrades evaluated in this study show potential for increasing the CHP cycle efficiency by 3 percentage points while increasing the steam generation rate by 8%.
Comparison of Semen Quality in Young and Mature Holstein Bulls Measured by Light Microscopy and Flow Cytometry (1990)

Random samples of cryopreserved, milk-extended semen, collected from 20 Holstein bulls at about 14 mo of age (young) and again at about 4 yr of age (mature), were evaluated at thawing and during 3-h incubation to compare semen quality of young versus mature bulls. Evaluation by differential interference contrast microscopy showed greater proportions of cytoplasmic droplets in semen from young versus mature bulls. Mature bulls exhibited greater proportions of intact acrosomes in freshly thawed semen than did young bulls. Evaluation of sperm chromatin structure by flow cytometry after staining with acridine orange showed lower values for mature versus young bulls, indicating resistance of DNA in nuclear chromatin to acid denaturation increased with age. Correlations between ages for most sperm morphology, acrosome integrity, and flow cytometry variables were high and positive. Nonreturn rate for young bulls was positively related to morphologically normal sperm and acrosomal integrity and negatively related to flow cytometry traits. Results suggest semen quality of young bulls was related to subsequent quality as mature bulls. With flow cytometry, differences were detected between semen samples that were not evident with light microscopy.
Protective effects of resveratrol against oxidative stress on old rats' lens (2013)

Objective To discuss the effect of lipid peroxidation and oxidation resistances of resveratrol in age related cataract rats' lens.Methods Fifty male SD rats of 12 months were divided into drug intervention group,solvent group and the normal control group,8 rats in each group.20,40,80 and 160 mg/kg of resveratrol were given to drug intervention group respectively,solvent with 0.2% DMSO was given to control group and 0.9% physiological saline was given to normal control group,tertian intraperitoneal injection every two days in three months.Then killed the rats,took 5 mL of venous blood and eye balls,cutted the eye ball along the equator,removed the lens.The content of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and malondialdehyde(MDA) in the lens and venous blood were detected.Results The concentration of GSH-Px,SOD were elevated and MDA were decreased with resveratrol increased,the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Resveratrol has the ability of clearing free radicals and protecting lens from further attacks of oxygen free radical.Resveratrol is expected to become an effective drug in preventing and treating senile cataracts.
The Arteriovenous Malformation Associated with Major Arterial Occlusion and Moyamoya Vessels: A Cerebral Blood Flow Study (2000)

We report 2 patients with arteriovenous malformation (AVM) associated with complete occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery and moyamoya vessels. Xenon CT CBF study demonstrated diffusely decreased CMF in unilateral or bilateral hemispheres with multiple areas of decreased vascular reserve. A significant reduction of AVM size was seen in one patient who received radiosurgery with marked CBF improvement.
How to Write a Winning Proposal (2010)

Presented on April 29, 2010 from 11:00 am to 12:00 pm in the Georgia Tech Architecture Library.
Improvement of Cystic Fibrosis Airway Mucus Transportability by Recombinant Human DNase Is Related to Changes in Phospholipid Profile (1998)

The aim of this study was to test whether changes in mucus surface properties by rhDNase treatment could be related to an increased recovery of phospholipids. Purulent sputa from 18 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) were incubated with either rhDNase (4 microg/ml) or control excipient. The incubation of mucus samples with rhDNase induced a significant increase (p < 0.002) in the sol phase proportion (33.7 +/- 24.0%) compared with that obtained with excipient (12.6 +/- 12.4%). Phospholipids were recovered in significantly (p < 0.05) greater amounts from both mucus gel and sol phases after incubation with rhDNase. The phosphatidylglycerol content of mucus sol phase was significantly increased by rhDNase (p < 0.03), as well as the mucus gel phase surface properties and transport by ciliary activity and by cough (p < 0.05). The improvement of mucus gel surface properties and transport capacity by ciliary activity were significantly related to the increased recovery of phosphatidylglycerol (r = -0.74, p < 0.03 and r = 0.94, p < 0.05, respectively). These results suggest that rhDNase is able to increase the free water content and alter the phospholipid profile of mucus, with a related improvement in CF mucus transportability.
Interstitial Cells of Cajal Mediate Cholinergic Neurotransmission from Enteric Motor Neurons (2000)

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are interposed between enteric neurons and smooth muscle cells in gastrointestinal muscles. The role of intramuscular ICC (IC-IM) in mediating enteric excitatory neural inputs was studied using gastric fundus muscles of wild-type animals and W/W(v) mutant mice, which lack IC-IM. Excitatory motor neurons, labeled with antibodies to vesicular acetylcholine transporter or substance-P, were closely associated with IC-IM. Immunocytochemistry showed close contacts between enteric neurons and IC-IM. IC-IM also formed gap junctions with smooth muscle cells. Electrical field stimulation yielded fast excitatory junction potentials in the smooth muscle that were blocked by atropine. Neural responses were greatly reduced in muscles of W/W(v) animals. Loss of cholinergic responses in W/W(v) muscles seemed to be caused by the loss of close synaptic contacts between motor neurons and IC-IM, because these muscles were not less responsive to exogenous acetylcholine than were wild-type muscles. W/W(v) muscles also responded to excitatory nerve stimulation when the breakdown of acetylcholine was blocked by neostigmine. The density of cholinergic nerve bundles within the muscles was not significantly different in wild-type and W/W(v) muscles, and similar amounts of (14)[C]choline were released from preloaded wild-type and W/W(v) muscles in response to nerve stimulation. The impact of losing IC-IM on gastric compliance was also evaluated in intact stomachs. Pressure increased as a function of fluid volume and infusion rate in wild-type animals, but W/W(v) animals showed little basal tone and minimal increases in pressure with fluid infusions. These data suggest that IC-IM play a major role in receiving cholinergic excitatory inputs from the enteric nervous system in the murine fundus.