gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Light Extraction Efficiency of III-Nitride LEDs With Self-Assembled Colloidal-Based Microlenses (2009)

Improvement of light extraction efficiency of InGaN LEDs using colloidal-based SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /polystyrene (PS) microlens arrays was demonstrated. The size effect of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> microspheres and the thickness effect of the PS layer on the light extraction efficiency of III-nitride LEDs were studied. The monolayer rapid convective deposition conditions for SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> microspheres were also investigated. Ray tracing simulations show that the use of microlens arrays can lead to increase in light extraction efficiency of InGaN LEDs by 2.64 times. This is consistent with experiments that demonstrated 2.49 times improvement in light extraction utilizing SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /PS microlens arrays. The enhancement in light extraction efficiency is attributed to increase in effective photon escape cone due to SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /PS microlens arrays, and reduced Fresnel reflection within the photon escape cone due to the grading of refractive index change between GaN/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /PS/air interface.
Non-preemptive scheduling of optical switches (2005)

Many high-speed routers today use input-queued (IQ) architectures with a crossbar switching fabric based on optical technology. Packets in the input queues are divided into cells of unit length and the goal is to find a schedule of minimum makespan that forwards all packets to the output ports. The problem is complicated since in optical switches so called configuration delay, that is the time required to reconfigure the switching fabric, is non-negligible with respect to the cell transmission time. We aim to design a scheduler whose complexity does not depend on the number of packets in the input queues. Thus, we focus on the non-preemptive bipartite scheduling (NPBS) problem, where each input queue is connected to each output port in at most one configuration. We demonstrate that the NPBS problem is NP-hard for any value of the configuration delay and approximation within a ratio smaller than 7/6 is NP-hard as well. For the offline version of the NPBS problem, we show that a simple greedy algorithm achieves an approximation factor of 2 for arbitrary configuration delay. Then we consider the online version of the NPBS problem, where the switch gathers the incoming traffic periodically and then schedules the accumulated batches (batch scheduling). We propose a scheduling algorithm which guarantees strict delay for any admissible traffic provided that the switch has a moderate speedup of two.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINITIATION OF THE SRN1 REACTION BY EXCITATION OF CHARGE‐TRANSFER COMPLEXES (1984)

Abstract Acetonenolat (I) reagiert bei der Photolyse mit Brombenzol (II) zum Phenylaceton (III), aus Diethylphosphit (IV) und Phenyliodid (V) entsteht Phenylphosphonsäureester (VI).
Expression of a single ICAM‐1 isoform on T cells is sufficient for development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2014)

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) plays an important role in leukocyte trafficking, induction of cellular immune responses, and immunological synapse formation. As a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of adhesion proteins, ICAM-1 is composed of repeating Ig-like domains, a transmembrane domain, and short cytoplasmic tail that participates in intracellular signaling events. At least seven ICAM-1 protein isoforms are generated by alternative splicing, however little is known regarding their immunobiology. We have previously shown using different lines of ICAM-1 mutant mice (Icam1(tm1Jcgr) and Icam1(tm1Bay) ) that expression of alternatively spliced ICAM-1 isoforms can significantly influence the disease course during the development of EAE. In this study, we show using a newly developed transgenic mouse (CD2-Icam1(D4del) /Icam1(null) ) that T-cell-specific expression of a single ICAM-1 isoform composed of Ig domains 1, 2, 3, and 5 can mediate the initiation and progression of EAE. Our results indicate that the ICAM-1 isoform lacking Ig domain 4 can drive pathogenesis in demyelinating disease and may be a novel therapeutic target for treating multiple sclerosis.
Nicardipine and hydrochlorothiazide in essential hypertension (1989)

Nicardipine is an investigational dihydropyridine calcium channel blocking agent. One hundred fifty-one patients with hypertension received either 30 mg nicardipine t.i.d. or 25 mg hydrochlorothiazide b.i.d. in a double-blind, randomized, multicenter trial. After 4 weeks of therapy and at the end of the dosing interval, nicardipine reduced arterial pressure by 10/6 mm Hg and 12/6 mm Hg in the supine and standing positions, respectively (all p less than 0.01). In the hydrochlorothiazide group, the reductions were 12/6 mm Hg and 14/6 mm Hg, respectively (all p less than 0.01). The maximum reduction in blood pressure of 16/14 mm Hg supine and 20/15 mm Hg standing occurred within 1 hour after administration of nicardipine. The mean reduction in the hydrochlorothiazide group after 1 hour was 14/11 mm Hg supine and 16/12 mm Hg standing. Neither drug affected autonomic reflexes associated with maximum exercise. Nicardipine increased urinary sodium excretion during the 4-hour period after the first dose. Adverse effects of nicardipine were primarily extensions of its vasodilator effect and included flushing, headache, and edema.
Aerosol Instrumentation (2013)

Airborne particles in the size range from 1 nm to 100 µm are of interest in aerosol research and applications. Instruments are needed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of particles in the size range of interest. Both aerosol sampling and direct-reading instruments are available for the characterization tasks. For aerosol sampling instruments, particles are required to be collected in the samplers followed by off-line characterization or analytic chemical instruments. The particle collection in these instruments is typically accomplished by the inertial impaction, filtration, electrostatic precipitation or Brownian diffusion techniques. Direcr-teading instruments are capable of real time measurement. The fast response of direct-reading instruments makes it possible to follow rapid changes in both particle size and concentration, and to obtain good counting statistics. These instruments usually rely on real-time sensing techniques without sample collection, thus requiring much effort on instrument calibration. This chapter describes the basic operational principles and configurations of various aerosol instruments widely used in aerosol research and applications. The limits of using these aerosol instruments are also discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Progress in Acyclic Nucleoside and Nucleotide Chemistry and Application (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Characterization of a Novel PERK Kinase Inhibitor with Antitumor and Antiangiogenic Activity (2013)

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a signal transduction pathway that coordinates cellular adaptation to microenvironmental stresses that include hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and change in redox status. These stress stimuli are common in many tumors and thus targeting components of the UPR signaling is an attractive therapeutic approach. We have identified a first-in-class, small molecule inhibitor of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2-alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) or PERK, one of the three mediators of UPR signaling. GSK2656157 is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of PERK enzyme activity with an IC(50) of 0.9 nmol/L. It is highly selective for PERK with IC(50) values >100 nmol/L against a panel of 300 kinases. GSK2656157 inhibits PERK activity in cells with an IC(50) in the range of 10-30 nmol/L as shown by inhibition of stress-induced PERK autophosphorylation, eIF2α substrate phosphorylation, together with corresponding decreases in ATF4 and CAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) in multiple cell lines. Oral administration of GSK2656157 to mice shows a dose- and time-dependent pharmacodynamic response in pancreas as measured by PERK autophosphorylation. Twice daily dosing of GSK2656157 results in dose-dependent inhibition of multiple human tumor xenografts growth in mice. Altered amino acid metabolism, decreased blood vessel density, and vascular perfusion are potential mechanisms for the observed antitumor effect. However, despite its antitumor activity, given the on-target pharmacologic effects of PERK inhibition on pancreatic function, development of any PERK inhibitor in human subjects would need to be cautiously pursued in cancer patients.
Garlic Constituent Diallyl Trisulfide Suppresses X-linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein in Prostate Cancer Cells in Culture andIn Vivo (2011)

We have shown previously that garlic constituent diallyl trisulfide (DATS) inhibits growth of cultured and xenografted human prostate cancer cells in association with apoptosis induction, but the mechanism of cell death is not fully understood. The present study systematically investigates the role of inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family proteins in the regulation of DATS-induced apoptosis using cultured PC-3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cells and dorsolateral prostate from control and DATS-treated transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice. Level of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) protein was decreased on 8-hour treatment with 20 and 40 μmol/L DATS, but this effect was partially attenuated at the 16-hour time point. DATS-mediated decline in XIAP protein level was partially reversible in the presence of proteasomal inhibitor MG132. In contrast, DATS-treated PC-3 and LNCaP cells exhibited marked induction of survivin and cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP1) proteins. Induction of survivin protein expression resulting from DATS exposure was associated with an increase in its mRNA level. Dorsolateral prostates from DATS-treated TRAMP mice exhibited statistically significant downregulation of XIAP and induction of survivin protein compared with those of control mice. Ectopic expression of XIAP conferred partial but significant protection against DATS-induced apoptosis. On the other hand, DATS-induced apoptosis was only marginally affected by RNA interference of survivin or cIAP1. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the DATS-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells is mediated in part by suppression of XIAP protein expression, and that XIAP represents a viable biomarker of DATS response for future clinical investigations.
Desktop Software for Patch-Clamp Raw Binary Data Conversion and Preprocessing (2011)

Since raw data recorded by patch-clamp systems are always stored in binary format, electrophysiologists may experience difficulties with patch clamp data preprocessing especially when they want to analyze by custom-designed algorithms. In this study, we present desktop software, called PCDReader, which could be an effective and convenient solution for patch clamp data preprocessing for daily laboratory use. We designed a novel class module, called clsPulseData, to directly read the raw data along with the parameters recorded from HEKA instruments without any other program support. By a graphical user interface, raw binary data files can be converted into several kinds of ASCII text files for further analysis, with several preprocessing options. And the parameters can also be viewed, modified and exported into ASCII files by a user-friendly Explorer style window. The real-time data loading technique and optimized memory management programming makes PCDReader a fast and efficient tool. The compiled software along with the source code of the clsPulseData class module is freely available to academic and nonprofit users.
Ein modulares Navigationssystem für die dentale Implantologie (2006)

Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt ein modulares Navigationssystem für die dentale Implantologie vor. Dentale Implantate sind Verankerungen im Knochen eines Patienten für Zahnprothesen. Die wichtigsten Anforderungen beim Setzen von Implantaten sind ein möglichst fester Sitz der Implantate im Knochen, die Schonung sensibler Strukturen, z.B. Nerven und Kieferhöhle, eine möglichst ästhetische Prothetik, eine hohe Langzeithaltbarkeit der Implantate im Knochen, die Möglichkeit der Sofortversorgung, schnell und genau durchführbare Eingriffe und ein Qualitätsnachweis der Versorgung. Navigationssysteme stellen dem Implantologen visuelle und akustische Informationen zur Verfügung, die ihm eine Positionierung und Ausrichtung des Bohrers zu präoperativ geplanten Implantaten ermöglichen. Die Planung der Implantlagen erfolgt auf der Grundlage von 3D Bilddaten. Zur Generierung der Informationen für den Implantologen erfolgt während des Eingriffs die Messung der relativen Position und Ausrichtung des Bohrers zum Patienten. Dazu sind sowohl am Patienten als auch am Winkelstück (Bohrmaschine) des Implantologen Tracker (Lokalisatoren) angebracht. Durch die vollständige dreidimensionale Positions- und Ausrichtungsdarstellung bieten die Systeme eine umfangreiche intraoperative Unterstützung. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde das erste modulare, tragbare Navigationssystem für die dentale Navigation entwickelt und medizinisch zugelassen. Alle Komponenten des Systems, die mit dem Patienten in Berührung kommen, sind autoklavierbar (sterilisierbar). Das System ist Laptop basiert und im Gegensatz zu allen am Markt befindlichen Systemen unterschiedlich konfigurierbar und leicht zu transportieren (tragbar). Dieses Navigationssystem kann als Schulungssystem konfiguriert werden und ermöglicht somit einen breiten Zugang zu dieser Technologie. Die Ermittlung der Genauigkeit der Umsetzung von Planungsdaten bezüglich ihrer Winkel- und Positionsgenauigkeit ist Bestandteil des Systems. Die klinische Gesamtgenauigkeit wurde durch Messungen in postoperativ aufgenommen Röntgenbildern ermittelt. Durch die Realisierung eines konfigurierbaren Systems mit vollständig autoklavierbaren und ergonomischen Lokalisatoren ist die Praxistauglichkeit im Hinblick auf vergleichbare Systeme deutlich gestiegen. Im Rahmen einer internationalen multizentrischen klinischen Studie wurde die Qualität von navigiert gesetzten Implantaten nachgewiesen. Die vorgestellten Ergebnisse zeigen, dass das realisierte modulare Navigationssystem einen wichtigen Beitrag zur weiteren Etablierung dentaler Navigationssysteme im klinischen Alltag liefern kann. Des Weiteren können die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellten Konzepte und Realisierungen Anregungen für die weitere Entwicklung von computerassistierten Systemen in anderen Bereichen der computerassistierten Chirurgie geben. Timo Krüger, im Sommer 2006
Derivation of human embryonic stem cell lines after blastocyst microsurgery (2010)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst. Because of their ability to differentiate into a variety of cell types, human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) provide an unlimited source of cells for clinical medicine and have begun to be used in clinical trials. Presently, although several hundred hESC lines are available in the word, only few have been widely used in basic and applied research. More and more hESC lines with differing genetic backgrounds are required for establishing a bank of hESCs. Here, we report the first Canadian hESC lines to be generated from cryopreserved embryos and we discuss how we navigated through the Canadian regulatory process. The cryopreserved human zygotes used in this study were cultured to the blastocyst stage, and used to isolate ICM via microsurgery. Unlike previous microsurgery methods, which use specialized glass or steel needles, our method conveniently uses syringe needles for the isolation of ICM and subsequent hESC lines. ICM were cultured on MEF feeders in medium containing FBS or serum replacer (SR). Resulting outgrowths were isolated, cut into several cell clumps, and transferred onto fresh feeders. After more than 30 passages, the two hESC lines established using this method exhibited normal morphology, karyotype, and growth rate. Moreover, they stained positively for a variety of pluripotency markers and could be differentiated both in vitro and in vivo. Both cell lines could be maintained under a variety of culture conditions, including xeno-free conditions we have previously described. We suggest that this microsurgical approach may be conducive to deriving xeno-free hESC lines when outgrown on xeno-free human foreskin fibroblast feeders.
Propanediol dehydratase system. Role of monovalent cations in binding of vitamin B12 coenzyme or its analogs to apoenzyme (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPropanediol dehydratase system. Role of monovalent cations in binding of vitamin B12 coenzyme or its analogs to apoenzymeTetsuo Toraya, Yoshikazu Sugimoto, Yoshikuni Tamao, Shoichi Shimizu, and Saburo FukuiCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 18, 3475–3484Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00794a025https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00794a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of a nurse initiated insulin infusion protocol for intensive insulin therapy between adult surgical trauma, medical and coronary care intensive care patients (2007)

The safety and effectiveness of nurse initiated IIP was similar across different ICUs in our hospital. Marked variability in glucose control after the protocol discontinuation suggests the need for further research regarding glucose control in patients transitioning out of the ICU.
Interplay Between Superantigens and Immunoreceptors (2004)

Superantigens (SAGs) cause a massive T-cell proliferation by simultaneously binding to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II on antigen-presenting cells and T-cell receptors (TCRs) on T cells. These T-cell mitogens can cause disease in host, such as food poisoning or toxic shock. The best characterized groups of SAGs are the bacterial SAGs secreted by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. Despite a common overall three-dimensional fold of these SAGs, they have been shown to bind to MHC class II in different ways. Recently, it has also been shown that SAGs have individual preferences in their binding to the TCRs. They can interact with various regions of the variable beta-chain of TCRs and at least one SAG seems to bind to the alpha-chain of TCRs. In this review, different subclasses of SAGs are classified based upon their binding mode to MHC class II, and models of trimolecular complexes of MHC-SAG-TCR molecules are described in order to reveal and understand the complexity of SAG-mediated T-cell activation.
Mung Bean: Technological and Nutritional Potential (2013)

Mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) has been intensively researched; scattered data are available on various properties. Data on physical, chemical, food processing, and nutritional properties were collected for whole mung bean grains and reviewed to assess the crop's potential as food and to set research priorities. Results show that mung bean is a rich source of protein (14.6-33.0 g/100 g) and iron (5.9-7.6 mg/100 g). Grain color is correlated with compounds like polyphenols and carotenoids, while grain hardness is associated with fiber content. Physical properties like grain dimensions, sphericity, porosity, bulk, and true density are related to moisture content. Anti-nutrients are phytic acid, tannins, hemagglutinins, and polyphenols. Reported nutrient contents vary greatly, the causes of which are not well understood. Grain size and color have been associated with different regions and were used by plant breeders for selection purposes. Analytical methods require more accuracy and precision to distinguish biological variation from analytical variation. Research on nutrient digestibility, food processing properties, and bioavailability is needed. Furthermore, the effects of storage and processing on nutrients and food processing properties are required to enable optimization of processing steps, for better mung bean food quality and process efficiency.
Effect of Composition and Molecular Structure of Poly(l-lactic acid)/Poly(ethylene oxide) Block Copolymers on Micellar Morphology in Aqueous Solution (2018)

The effect of the hydrophobic block length in diblock (PLLA <sub>x</sub>- b-PEO<sub>113</sub>, x = 64, 166, 418) and triblock (PLLA <sub>y</sub>- b-PEO<sub>91</sub>- b-PLLA <sub>y</sub>, y = 30, 52, 120) copolymers of l-lactic acid and ethylene oxide on the structure of micelles prepared by dialysis was studied by wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering in dilute aqueous solution, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and force spectroscopy. It was found that the size of the crystalline PLLA core is weakly dependent on the PLLA block length. In addition to individual micelles, a number of their micellar clusters were detected with characteristic distance between adjacent micelle cores decreasing with an increase in PLLA block length. This effect was explained by the change in the conformation of PEO chains forming the micellar corona because of their overcrowding. Force spectroscopy experiments also reveal a more stretched conformation of the PEO chains for the block copolymers with a shorter PLLA block. A model describing the structure of the individual micelles and their clusters was proposed.
Maximum likelihood estimation of the attenuated ultrasound pulse (1994)

The attenuated ultrasound pulse is divided into two parts: a stationary basic pulse and a nonstationary attenuation pulse. A standard ARMA model is used for the basic pulse, and a nonstandard ARMA model is derived for the attenuation pulse. The maximum likelihood estimator of the attenuated ultrasound pulse, which includes a maximum likelihood attenuation estimator, is derived. The results of this correspondence are of great importance for deconvolution and attenuation imaging in medical ultrasound.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>