gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spacecraft Health Automated Reasoning Prototype (SHARP): The fiscal year 1989 SHARP portability evaluations task for NASA Solar System Exploration Division's Voyager project (1990)

A Spacecraft Health Automated Reasoning Prototype (SHARP) portability study is presented. Some specific progress is described on the portability studies, plans for technology transfer, and potential applications of SHARP and related artificial intelligence technology to telescience operations. The application of SHARP to Voyager telecommunications was a proof-of-capability demonstration of artificial intelligence as applied to the problem of real time monitoring functions in planetary mission operations. An overview of the design and functional description of the SHARP system is also presented as it was applied to Voyager.
Effect of warm air on the shear bond strength of composite resins. (1992)

This investigation evaluated the operating characteristics of a recently introduced tooth dryer and its effect on the bond strength of three composite resins to etched enamel. The effect of varying air pressure, distance from the tip of the tooth dryer, and distance laterally from mid-air stream on temperature were measured using a rapid-response thermocouple. Specimens were subjected to shear forces either immediately after bonding or after 5 days of water storage. The air stream required from 32 to 41 seconds to reach maximal temperature; however, more than 90% of the maximal temperature was obtained in 20 seconds. There was an increase in temperature with increased air pressure and a decrease in temperature with increasing distance from the tip. The temperature dropped rapidly laterally from the center of the air stream. The shear bond strength measurements were significantly higher for the specimens prepared using the tooth dryer for one composite resin tested immediately after bonding; there was no statistically significant difference for the other resins. The effect of warm air on the shear bond strength of composite resins to etched enamel may be dependent on the resin used and the time between bonding and testing.
Ultrasensitive detection technique for tunable diode laser spectrometers: application to detection of NO 2 and H 2 O (1996)

Recent advances in room-temperature tunable diode lasers and ultrasensitive electronic noise quieting detection techniques now enable a new generation of compact, optoelectronic, ultrasensitive trace gas sensors. These advances are key to producing sensors capable of routine and extended field use. We achieve near shot noise-limited signal detection using a novel, balanced ratiometric detector (BRD) which permits measurements of absorbances of 1:10<SUP>6</SUP>. High sensitivity is achieved by coupling this technology with an extended optical pathlength. The BRD is characterized by a wide linear dynamic range. A 10 Hz measurement rate enables ground level flux measurements or airborne concentration measurements. We will present an overview of two applications of our ultrasensitive detection technology to in situ atmospheric sensing. The first sensor is being developed to monitor boundary layer NO<SUB>2</SUB> fluxes. This sensor operates at 670 nm, utilizes an open multipass optical cell, and has a sub-ppbv detection sensitivity. The second sensor is an airborne, near IR diode laser hygrometer. The sensor uses an in-situ air measurement probe housing a 50 cm, open optical path to circumvent problems inherent in extractive sampling. The sensor is capable of measuring water vapor throughout the troposphere and has a sensitivity of 0.5 ppmv at the tropopause.
Some Variations on Lyndon Words (Invited Talk) (2019)

In this paper we compare two finite words u and v by the lexicographical order of the infinite words u^omega and v^omega. Informally, we say that we compare u and v by the infinite order. We show several properties of Lyndon words expressed using this infinite order. The innovative aspect of this approach is that it allows to take into account also non trivial conditions on the prefixes of a word, instead that only on the suffixes. In particular, we derive a result of Ufnarovskij [V. Ufnarovskij, Combinatorial and asymptotic methods in algebra, 1995] that characterizes a Lyndon word as a word which is greater, with respect to the infinite order, than all its prefixes. Motivated by this result, we introduce the prefix standard permutation of a Lyndon word and the corresponding (left) Cartesian tree. We prove that the left Cartesian tree is equal to the left Lyndon tree, defined by the left standard factorization of Viennot [G. Viennot, Algèbres de Lie libres et monoïdes libres, 1978]. This result is dual with respect to a theorem of Hohlweg and Reutenauer [C. Hohlweg and C. Reutenauer, Lyndon words, permutations and trees, 2003].
Endangered elasmobranchs visit specific reef sites in southern Mozambique. (2022)

Abstract Delineating the spatial ecology of elasmobranchs is an important precursor to their effective management. Establishing long-term patterns in the habitat use of several threatened species can focus management to yield increased conservation benefits. We completed 738 transects on 16 reef sites off the coast of southern Mozambique to record encounters with elasmobranch species and 12 environmental and spatiotemporal parameters (location, time, day, tide and range, cloud cover, visibility, lunar phase, temperature, current strength, and direction, transect duration). The influence of the measured parameters on the visit frequencies of nine regularly (&gt; 20 / year) encountered elasmobranch species ( Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos, Triaenodon obesus, Stegastoma tigrinum, Neotrygon kuhlii, Himantura jenkinsii, Taeniura meyeni, Mobula kuhlii, Mobula alfredi, Mobula birostris ) were estimated using multivariate models. All species, bar H. jenkinsii , frequented specific reef sites. Counts were generally highest in summer. Three species ( M. birostris, M. kuhlii, S. tigrinum ) counts peaked in winter. T. obesus and M. alfredi tended to frequent reefs during high tides, M. kuhlii during slack tides, N. kuhlii during low tides and C. amblyrhynchos when the tidal range was high. Counts of M. alfredi were highest during full moons and M. kuhlii during full, half, and new moons. Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) indicated that species responses to the measured parameters grouped taxonomically. Environmental influences resulted in daily, monthly, and seasonal patterns of reef use. Our results indicate that specific elasmobranch species routinely congregate on specific reef sites and that management of these sites could promote several threatened populations.
Heterogeneous Hydration of Acrylonitrile over the Metal Oxide Catalysts in Liquid Phase (1986)

Abstract The liquid-phase hydration of acrylonitrile has been examined over various single metal oxide catalysts at 65 °C. Numerous metal oxides have proved to be active for hydration and have been used to produce three products: acrylamide, ethylene cyanohydrin, and bis(2-cyanoethyl) ether. These oxide catalysts could be divided into two groups with respect to the acrylamide selectivity with 100% or not. A good relationship between the catalytic abilities (activity and selectivity) and the solid acid-base properties of each metal oxide group examined in benzene or in water was observed. Differences in the hydration selectivity to either a C≡N or a C=C bond of acrylonitrile over the catalysts could be explained on the basis of the IR spectra of two adsorbed states of acrylonitrile on the metal oxide surface. It was proved that the liquid-phase hydration of acrylonitrile over the insoluble metal oxide catalysts was an acid-base-catalyzed reaction proceeding on the acidic or basic surface hydroxyl groups.
ANALYSIS OF CHIASMATA FREQUENCIES–A CYTOTAXONOMIC TOOL (1988)

International audience
CP-96,345, a substance P antagonist, inhibits rat intestinal responses to Clostridium difficile toxin A but not cholera toxin. (1994)

Toxin A from Clostridium difficile mediates acute inflammatory enterocolitis in experimental animals, while cholera toxin causes noninflammatory secretory diarrhea. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether an antagonist to the peptide substance P, a constituent of primary sensory neurons known to participate in inflammatory responses, would inhibit toxin A-mediated enteritis in the rat ileum. Pretreatment of rats with CP-96,345 (2.5 mg per kg of body weight), a substance P antagonist, dramatically inhibited fluid secretion (P < 0.01) and mannitol permeability (P < 0.01) in ileal loops exposed to toxin A. The protective effects, which were dose dependent, caused a significant reduction of inflammation in the lamina propria, reduction of the necrosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and complete inhibition of toxin A-mediated release of rat mast cell protease II, a specific product of rat mucosal mast cells. An inactive enantiomer of the substance P antagonist, CP-96,344, had no effect. In contrast, pretreatment with CP-96,345 had no inhibitory effect on the intestinal effects caused by administration of cholera toxin into the ileal loops. From these data, we conclude that the peptide substance P is involved in the secretory and inflammatory effects of toxin A but not of cholera toxin.
New fabrication approach to develop a high birefringence photo-crosslinked film based on a sulfur-containing liquid crystalline molecule with large temperature dependence of birefringence (2018)

We present a new fabrication approach to achieve a high birefringence film by means of photopolymerization based on an alkylthio-containing rod-like liquid crystalline molecule exhibiting large temperature dependence of birefringence. We designed a new reactive mesogen having alkylthio linkages (BPM–S). It was found that BPM–S had a larger increment of birefringence with decreasing temperature, relative to commercially available alkoxy analog LC242. This result could be thought to be due to enhanced intermolecular attractive interaction for an alkylthio mesogen implied by the proximity of laterally neighboring molecules and cybotactic nematic tendency based on wide-angle X-ray measurement. The uniaxially-aligned photo-polymerized film for BPM–S showed higher birefringence than that for LC 242.
Coupling Characteristics of Multicore Photonic Crystal Fiber-Based 1$\,\times\,$4 Power Splitters (2009)

A new design of multicore photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) is proposed and investigated through full-vectorial finite-element method and finite-element beam propagation method. The fiber design comprises four identical cores surrounding a central core. The optical power launched into the central core is equally divided into other neighboring four cores with a 25% of coupling ratio. The coupled-mode analysis is also carried out to understand the supermode patterns and the coupling characteristics. Through numerical simulations, it is demonstrated that the optical power can be divided equally in a 5.8-mm-long multicore PCF. The power coupling characteristics obtained through coupled-mode analysis are in very good agreement with those calculated from beam propagation method solver.
Ionic Partition Diagram of the Zwitterionic Antihistamine Cetirizine (2001)

A recent analysis of the lipophilicity profile of cetirizine in the octanol/water and dodecane/water systems revealed a partial intramolecular charge neutralization that can partly explain why cetirizine has pharmacokinetic properties differing from those of first-generation antihistamines such as hydroxyzine. As conformational changes are the principal driving force for this intramolecular effect, the present study deals with the partitioning of cetirizine and hydroxyzine in an apolar medium well-suited to reveal intramolecular interactions, namely the 1,2-dichloroethane/water system. The lipophilicity of the different electrical forms of cetirizine and hydroxyzine was studied by two-phase titrimetry and cyclic voltammetry. The differences in lipophilicity between the dicationic, monocationic, zwitterionic, and anionic species of cetirizine indicated intramolecular interactions via folded conformations, which render the molecule markedly more lipophilic than expected at physiological pH. Folded conformations were also found to predominate in monocationic and neutral hydroxyzine. The ionic partition diagram of cetirizine indicates that it acts as a proton transporter across interfaces under certain conditions of pH and Galvani potential difference. This study underlines the importance of conformational effects on the partition properties of cetirizine and hydroxyzine, as well as the complexity of its interfacial mechanisms of transfer. In particular, cetirizine can facilitate proton transfer, a property of potential biological relevance.
Gene silencing based on RNA-guided catalytically inactive Cas9 (dCas9): a new tool for genetic engineering in Leptospira (2019)

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic bacteria of the genus Leptospira, which also includes free-living saprophyte strains. Many aspects of leptospiral basic biology and virulence mechanisms remain unexplored mainly due to the lack of effective genetic tools available for these bacteria. Recently, the type II CRISPR/Cas system from Streptococcus pyogenes has been widely used as an efficient genome engineering tool in bacteria by inducing double-strand breaks (DSBs) in the desired genomic targets caused by an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease called Cas9, and the DSB repair associated machinery. In the present work, plasmids expressing heterologous S. pyogenes Cas9 in L. biflexa cells were generated, and the enzyme could be expressed with no apparent toxicity to leptospiral cells. However, L. biflexa cells were unable to repair RNA-guided Cas9-induced DSBs. Thus, we used a catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) to obtain gene silencing rather than disruption, in a strategy called CRISPR interference (CRISPRi). We demonstrated complete gene silencing in L. biflexa cells when both dCas9 and single-guide RNA (sgRNA) targeting the coding strand of the β-galactosidase gene were expressed simultaneously. Furthermore, when the system was applied for silencing the dnaK gene, no colonies were recovered, indicating that DnaK protein is essential in Leptospira. In addition, flagellar motor switch FliG gene silencing resulted in reduced bacterial motility. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work applying the CRISPRi system in Leptospira and spirochetes in general, expanding the tools available for understanding leptospiral biology.
Unicast QoS Routing Algorithms for SDN: A Comprehensive Survey and Performance Evaluation (2017)

A variety of communication networks, such as industrial communication systems, have to provide strict delay guarantees to the carried flows. Fast and close to optimal quality of service (QoS) routing algorithms, e.g., delay-constrained leastcost (DCLC) routing algorithms, are required for routing flows in such networks with strict delay requirements. The emerging software-defined networking (SDN) paradigm centralizes the network control in SDN controllers that can centrally execute QoS routing algorithms. A wide range of QoS routing algorithms have been proposed in the literature and examined in individual studies. However, a comprehensive evaluation framework and quantitative comparison of QoS routing algorithms that can serve as a basis for selecting and further advancing QoS routing in SDN networks is missing in the literature. This makes it difficult to select the most appropriate QoS routing algorithm for a particular use case, e.g., for SDN controlled industrial communications. We close this gap in the literature by conducting a comprehensive up-to-date survey of centralized QoS routing algorithms. We introduce a novel four-dimensional (4D) evaluation framework for QoS routing algorithms, whereby the 4D correspond to the type of topology, two forms of scalability of a topology, and the tightness of the delay constraint. We implemented 26 selected DCLC algorithms and compared their runtime and cost inefficiency within the 4D evaluation framework. While the main conclusion of this evaluation is that the best algorithm depends on the specific sub-space of the 4D space that is targeted, we identify two algorithms, namely Lagrange relaxation-based aggregated cost (LARAC) and search space reduction delay-cost-constrained routing (SSR+DCCR), that perform very well in most of the 4D evaluation space.
ON THE IRRATIONALITY OF THE VALUES OF HYPERGEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS (1986)

This paper investigates the arithmetic properties of the values of certain hypergeometric functions at points in an imaginary quadratic field I. Under certain conditions it is proved that these values are linearly independent over I. An effective lower bound is given for a linear form, which contains the maximum modulus of its coefficients. An estimate is also given which depends on the bounds within which each of the coefficients varies.Bibliography: 11 titles.
Experiments and Evaluation of a Container Migration Data-Auditing System on Edge Computing Environment (2023)

With the proliferation of IoT sensors and devices, storing collected data in the cloud has become common. A wide variety of data with different purposes and forms are not directly stored in the cloud but are sent to the cloud via edge servers. At the edge server, applications are running in containers and virtual machines to collect data. However, the current deployment and movement mechanisms for containers and virtual machines do not consider any conventions or regulations for the applications and the data it contains. Therefore, it is easy to deploy and migrate containers and virtual machines. However, the problem arises when it is deployed or migrated, which may violate the licensing terms of the contained applications, the rules of the organization, or the laws and regulations of the concerned country. We have already proposed a data-audit control mechanism for the migration of virtual machines. The proposed mechanism successfully controls the unintentional and malicious migration of virtual machines. We expect similar problems with containers to occur as the number of edge servers increases. Therefore, we propose a policy-based data-audit control system for container migration. The proposed system was verified in the implemented edge computing environment and the results showed that adding the proposed data-audit control mechanism had a minimal impact on migration time and that the system was practical enough. In the future, we intend to conduct verification not in a very compact and short-range environment such as this one but on an existing wide-area network.
Supplementary Figure and Table Legends, Methods from Differential Sensitivity of Glioma- versus Lung Cancer–Specific EGFR Mutations to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

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A hybrid optical buffer (2008)

We proposed a hybrid optical buffer architecture which combines the advantages of fiber loop optical buffers and fast electronic buffering.
The etching of doped polycrystalline silicon by molecular chlorine (1988)

The etching reaction of molecular chlorine with phosphorus-doped polycrystalline silicon was measured as a function of dopant concentration between 300 and 500 °C. The effective activation energy of the gasification reaction is 13.4±1 kcal/molec and does not change with doping level within experimental uncertainty. However, the isothermal reaction rate at constant reactant flux increases sharply with doping level, and the preexponential factor rises from 4×10−12 to 1×10−10 (Å cm3/molec min K1/2) as the phosphorus content is increased from 3.3×1018 to 1.6×1020 atoms/cm3. This rise in the preexponential factor is consistent with the charge-transfer model, in which doping makes Si-Cl bonding more ionic and increases the number of effective adsorption sites.
Learning models for object recognition (2005)

We consider learning models for object recognition from examples. Our method is motivated by systems that use the Hausdorff distance as a shape comparison measure. Typically an object is represented in terms of a model shape. A new shape is classified as being an instance of the object when the Hausdorff distance between the model and the new shape is small. We show that such object concepts can be seen as halfspaces (linear threshold functions) in a transformed input space. This makes it possible to use a number of standard algorithms to learn object models from training examples. When a good model exists, we are guaranteed to find one that provides (with high probability) a recognition rule that is accurate. Our approach provides a measure which generalizes the Hausdorff distance in a number of interesting ways. To demonstrate our method we trained a system to detect people in images using a single shape model. The learning techniques can be extended to represent objects using multiple model shapes. In this way, we might be able to automatically learn a small set of canonical shapes that characterize the appearance of an object.
Nutritional value for swine of soybean meal produced by isopropyl alcohol extraction. (1997)

Three experiments were conducted to compare the nutritional value of soybean meal produced by extraction with 95% isopropyl alcohol (IPA) or hexane (HEX) for swine. The same batch of soybeans and the same processing equipment were used to produce both soybean meals. Analyzed contents of the IPA and HEX meals were, respectively: CP, 48.7, 47.0%; lysine, 3.11, 3.06%; urease, .24, .13 delta pH. In Exp. 1, two soybean meals and dietary lysine at .90 or 1.25% were used in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Corn-based diets were fed to 32-d-old pigs for 26 d. There were no dietary lysine x soybean meal interactions (P > or = .35). Increasing dietary lysine increased (P < .001) ADG and gain/ feed, but soybean meal source did not affect performance. In Exp. 2, the nutritional value of HEX and IPA meals were evaluated in a N balance study using 34-kg barrows and isonitrogenous corn-based diets containing equal N from either HEX or IPA. Apparent total tract N and DM digestibility were similar for both diets. Nitrogen retention (14.4 vs 13.7 g/d, P < .10) and apparent biological value (56.5 vs 54.5%, P < .05) were slightly higher for HEX than for IPA. The effect of feeding HEX and IPA meals on morphological changes of small intestine in pigs weaned at 21 d of age was investigated in the last experiment. At 28 d of age, weaned pigs that were fed diets containing either HEX or IPA and unweaned control pigs were killed for the examination. Villus height and lamina propria depth at the duodenum were similar among all treatments. At the jejunum, weaned pigs had smaller (P < .05) villus height and greater lamina propria depths (P < .001) than unweaned pigs. Dietary soybean meal source did not affect villus height, but lamina propria depth was less (P < .10) for pigs fed IPA. The results of these experiments indicate that soybean meals produced using IPA or HEX as the solvent have equal nutritional value for swine.
A Colocated Magnetic Loop, Electric Dipole Array Antenna (Preliminary Results) (1994)

Abstract : We present a detailed electromagnetic analysis of an electrically small colocated electric dipole and magnetic loop antenna array. This antenna is the simplest example of the Grimes multipole class of antenna arrays. We have determined that since the interaction term between the two elements disappears from the radial complex power, we were able to set the radial reactance to zero by choosing appropriate current magnitudes and phases on the array elements. By driving the two elements in quadrature, we obtained a much increased radiation intensity and directivity as well as increased radiated power. Antennas, Mutual impedance, Electric dipole, Arrays, Multipoles, Magnetic loop