gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrated microfluidic aptasensor for mass spectrometric detection of vasopressin in human plasma ultrafiltrate (2016)

We present a microfluidic aptamer-based biosensor for detection of low-molecular-weight biomarkers in patient samples. Using a microfluidic device that integrates aptamer-based specific analyte extraction, isocratic elution, and detection by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, we demonstrate rapid, sensitive and label-free detection of arginine vasopressin (AVP) in human plasma ultrafiltrate. AVP molecules in complex matrices are specifically captured by an aptamer that is immobilized on microbeads via affinity binding in a microchamber. After the removal of unbound, contaminating molecules through washing, aptamer-AVP complexes are thermally disrupted via on-chip temperature control. Released AVP molecules are eluted with purified water and transferred to a separate microchamber, and deposited onto a single spot on a MALDI plate via repeated, piezoelectrically actuated ejection, which enriches AVP molecules over the spot area. This integrated on-chip sample processing enables the quantitative detection of low-abundance AVP by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry in a rapid and label-free manner. Our experimental results show the detection of AVP in human plasma ultrafiltrate as low as physiologically relevant picomolar concentrations via aptamer-based selective preconcentration, demonstrating the potential of our approach as a rapid (~ 1hr), sensitive clinical AVP assay.
Predicting Obstetric Disease With Machine Learning Applied to Patient-Reported Data (2018)

Background: The rise of highly engaging digital health mobile apps over the past few years has created repositories containing billions of patient-reported data points that have the potential to inform clinical research and advance medicine. Objective: To determine if self-reported data could be leveraged to create machine learning algorithms to predict the presence of, or risk for, obstetric outcomes and related conditions. Methods: More than 10 million women have downloaded Ovia Health’s three mobile apps (Ovia Fertility, Ovia Pregnancy, and Ovia Parenting). Data points logged by app users can include information about menstrual cycle, health history, current health status, nutrition habits, exercise activity, symptoms, or moods. Machine learning algorithms were developed using supervised machine learning methodologies, specifically, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree algorithms. Each algorithm was developed and trained using anywhere from 385 to 5770 features and data from 77,621 to 121,740 app users. Results: Algorithms were created to detect the risk of developing preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm delivery, as well as to identify the presence of existing preeclampsia. The positive predictive value (PPV) was set to 0.75 for all of the models, as this was the threshold where the researchers felt a clinical response—additional screening or testing—would be reasonable, due to the likelihood of a positive outcome. Sensitivity ranged from 24% to 75% across all models. When PPV was adjusted from 0.75 to 0.52, the sensitivity of the preeclampsia prediction algorithm rose from 24% to 85%. When PPV was adjusted from 0.75 to 0.65, the sensitivity of the preeclampsia detection or diagnostic algorithm increased from 37% to 79%. Conclusions: Algorithms based on patient-reported data can predict serious obstetric conditions with accuracy levels sufficient to guide clinical screening by health care providers and health plans. Further research is needed to determine whether such an approach can improve outcomes for at-risk patients and reduce the cost of screening those not at risk. Presenting the results of these models to patients themselves could also provide important insight into otherwise unknown health risks.
The permanent electric dipole moment of chromium monoxide (1989)

The permanent electric dipole moments for the X 5Π and B 5Π states of gas-phase chromium monoxide, CrO, have been experimentally determined using the sub-Doppler optical technique of intermodulated fluorescence spectroscopy in conjunction with the Stark effect. The measured values are 3.88±0.13 and 4.1±1.8 D for the X 5Π and B 5Π states, respectively. The theoretical values determined for the X 5Π state, using multireference configuration interaction iterative-natural-orbital and finite-field calculations, are in excellent agreement with the experimental value.
Vanadium Effect on a Medium Carbon Forging Steel (2016)

In the present work the influence of vanadium on the hardenability and the bainitic transformation of a medium carbon steel is analyzed. While V in solid solution enhances the former, it hardly affects bainitic transformation. The results also reveal an unexpected result, an increase of the prior austenite grain size as the V content increases.
Extraction of HNO 3 and some ions with tributyl phosphate (tbp)-mixed trialkyl phosphine oxides (trpo)/kerosene (2003)

Tributyl phosphate (TBP) and trialkyl phosphine oxides (TRPO) are important extractants. They are widely used in industrial extraction processes, especially in the nuclear power industry. However, both TBP and TRPO suffer from several disadvantages. TBP has a low extractability for trivalent transuranium elements such as Am3+ and Pu3+ while TRPO has low loading capacity for HNO3 and UO2 2+. The extraction of HNO3 and 20 other ions of importance in the nuclear power industry was studied using TBP-TRPO/kerosene. The loading capacity of UO2 2+ and HNO3 in TBP-TRPO/kerosene was determined. The synergistic extraction characteristics of the mixture for Am3+ and TcO4 m were studied. The influence of high-concentration UO2 2+ on the extraction of Am3+, Eu3+, Pu4+, and TcO4 m was investigated. The experimental results show that TBP-TRPO/kerosene mixtures display both a high extractability for a number of ions and a high loading capacity for UO2 2+ and HNO3.
Multi-Agent Model Predictive Control of Transportation Networks (2006)

We consider multi-agent, or distributed, control of transportation networks, like traffic, water, and power networks. These networks typically have a large geographical span, modular structure, and a large number of components that require control. We discuss the necessity of a multi-agent control setting in which multiple agents control parts of the network. As potential control methodology we consider model predictive control (MPC) in a multi-agent setting. We first outline a framework for modeling transportation networks into subsystems using external variables and then discuss issues that arise when controlling these networks with multi-agent MPC. Several approaches to these issues are structured and discussed in terms of the outlined framework
Photophysical Properties of Squaraine Derivatives:  Evidence for Charge Separation (1997)

The polarity dependent fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes at room temperature have been measured for two squaraine dyes, SQ-DMA and its crown ether derivative SQ-CR. The unstructured fluorescence bands and the polarity independent kf values indicate fluorescence from one single species. The nonradiative decay rates increase strongly with solvent polarity, indicating a polarity-induced intramolecular fluorescence quenching process. The latter could be due to the formation of a nonemissive twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state. Low-temperature measurements and the comparison of SQ-DMA and SQ-CR support this view.
Fibrin sealant in coronary artery surgery – the devil is always in the detail! (2008)

On the other hand, we would like to present our experience in the management of such complication, which was rather the opposite.
Osmotic and other properties of isolated human cheek epithelial cells (1994)

This study describes some biological properties of human cheek (buccal epithelial) cells, isolated by mouth wash. Yields ranged from 6.5 to 20.6 x 10(6) cells, with a mean (+/- SE) of 12.2 +/- 4.2 x 10(6) cells, which gave 0.55 +/- 0.01 x 10(6) cells/mg protein. Vital stain exclusion was similar in cells isolated in either water (89 +/- 2%) or 250 mM sucrose (87 +/- 3%). From our measurements of cell volume and electrolyte content, we estimated intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations to be between 0.3-0.5 and 7.4-13.0 mM, respectively. In 22 adult subjects, basal, prickle, intermediate, and superficial cells represented 0.3 +/- 1.4, 51 +/- 2.4, 26 +/- 0.9, and 22.7 +/- 1.8%, respectively, of the total sample. Cheek cells exhibited a low endogenous rate of oxygen consumption, which was stimulated by glucose or succinate and inhibited by KCN or NaF. Cheek cells were osmotically stable in a wide range of media, including water. However, they exhibited shrinkage and collapse in hypertonic media, particularly polyethylene glycol.
Untersuchungen zur Pneumatik von Strahlschichtapparaten mit schlitzförmigem Gaseintritt (2007)

Abstract Strahlschichtapparate als Sonderfall von Wirbelschichtapparaten bieten effektive Möglichkeiten zur intensiven Kontaktierung von Fluid/Feststoffsystemen. Im Vergleich zu den Wirbelschichtapparaten haben die Strahlschichtapparate einige Vorteile. Für die Ermittlung der Wirksamkeit des Fluid/Feststoff‐Kontakts ist die Kenntnis der Fluid‐Verteilung in einer Strahlschicht sehr wichtig. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Fluiddynamik von zwei Strahlschichtapparaten unterschiedlicher Größe mit schlitzförmigem Gaseintritt.
Counterpulsation With Symphony Prevents Retrograde Carotid, Aortic, and Coronary Flows Observed With Intra‐Aortic Balloon Pump Support (2012)

A counterpulsation device (Symphony) is being developed to provide long-term circulatory support for advanced heart failure (HF) patients. In acute animal experiments, flow waveform patterns in the aortic, carotid, and coronary arteries were compared during Symphony and intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) support. Human data were examined for similarities. The 30-mL Symphony was compared to a 40-mL IABP in calves with cardiac dysfunction (80-100 kg, n = 8). Aortic pressures and aortic, carotid, and coronary artery flows were simultaneously recorded at baseline (devices off) and during 1:1 and 1:2 support. Forward, retrograde, and mean flows were calculated and compared for each test condition. Findings were also compared to aortic flow measurements recorded in HF patients (n = 21) supported by 40-mL IABP. IABP caused significant retrograde flows in the aorta, coronary (IABP: -24 ± 8 mL/min, Symphony: -6 ± 2 mL/min, baseline: -2 ± 1 mL/min, P < 0.05), and carotid arteries (IABP: -30 ± 5 mL/min, Symphony: -0 ± 0 mL/min, baseline: -0 ± 0 L/min, P < 0.05) during ventricular systole compared to the Symphony. IABP support produced higher diastolic pressure and flow augmentation compared to Symphony. Due to retrograde flows during IABP support, Symphony provided higher overall coronary, carotid, and aortic flows. Similar reduction in total aortic flows due to retrograde flow was observed in HF patients during IABP support. Counterpulsation with an IABP via aortic volume displacement produces retrograde flows during rapid balloon deflation that reduces total flow. Counterpulsation with Symphony via volume removal eliminates retrograde flow and improves total flow more than that achieved with IABP. The Symphony may provide long-term hemodynamic benefits in HF patients.
Clinical spectrum and diagnostic yields of Mycoplasma pneumoniae as a causative agent of community-acquired pneumonia (2018)

It was concluded that combination of <i>M. pneumoniae</i>-specific testing modalities is required for the diagnosis of this etiological agent rather than a single diagnostic method.
Glutamine depletion regulates Slug to promote EMT and metastasis in pancreatic cancer (2020)

Tumor cells rely on glutamine to fulfill their metabolic demands and sustain proliferation. The elevated consumption of glutamine can lead to intratumoral nutrient depletion, causing metabolic stress that has the potential to impact tumor progression. Here, we show that nutrient stress caused by glutamine deprivation leads to the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that glutamine deficiency regulates EMT through the up-regulation of the EMT master regulator Slug, a process that is dependent on both MEK/ERK signaling and ATF4. We find that Slug is required in PDAC cells for glutamine deprivation-induced EMT, cell motility, and nutrient stress survival. Importantly, we decipher that Slug is associated with nutrient stress in PDAC tumors and is required for metastasis. These results delineate a novel role for Slug in the nutrient stress response and provide insight into how nutrient depletion might influence PDAC progression.
SOS wafer Cu pillar bumping process development for flip chip package application (2012)

Cu pillar bumping process has been developed on SOS (Silicon on Sapphire) wafer for flip chip package application while in the initial packaging experiment open failure has been found. Voiding in bump pad metal has been found in package failure analysis. The cracks initiated from the voiding have also been captured. Further investigation has confirmed that the surface roughness of bump pad metal is closely related to this failure. The voiding was formed for that the bump pad metal was etched away by plating solvent in bumping process. Solutions on process and bump metal structure design have been discussed and presented with evaluation experiment results in this paper.
Comparative Mechanistic Studies of Brilacidin, Daptomycin, and the Antimicrobial Peptide LL16 (2014)

Brilacidin (PMX30063) has shown potent bactericidal activity against drug-resistant and -susceptible strains of multiple Gram-negative and Gram-positive pathogens. In this study, we demonstrate that brilacidin causes membrane depolarization in the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus, to an extent comparable to that caused by the lipopeptidic drug daptomycin. Transcriptional profiling of Staphylococcus aureus by deep sequencing shows that the global response to brilacidin treatment is well correlated to those of treatment with daptomycin and the cationic antimicrobial peptide LL37 and mostly indicates abrogation of cell wall and membrane functions. Furthermore, the upregulation of various chaperones and proteases by brilacidin and daptomycin indicates that cytoplasmic protein misfolding stress may be a contributor to the mechanism of action of these drugs. These stress responses were orchestrated mainly by three two-component systems, GraSR, VraSR, and NsaSR, which have been implicated in virulence and drug resistance against other clinically available antibiotics.
Trafﬁc-Flow Characteristics of Cooperative vs. Autonomous Automated Vehicles (2015)

The emerging automotive, information and communication technologies have made cooperative and autonomous automated vehicles the focus of many current and upcoming research studies. In recent literature, there is evident redundancy, overlap and inconsistency in the use of the terms connected vehicles, automated vehicles and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, the authors distinguish amongst the three terms and attempt to layout similarities and differences. The authors propose definitions for two classes of automated vehicles: cooperative and autonomous and highlight the nature and role of connectivity in both. The authors then focus on examining the impact of cooperative automated vehicles vs. autonomous automated vehicles on trafﬁc-ﬂow characteristics such as speed, density and flow using a microscopic modelling framework. The modeling framework captures collision avoidance, cooperative lane changing, and car following sub-models for both types of automated vehicles, i.e. cooperative vs. autonomous. These models were applied to a simple case study of 3-lane highway. Two scenarios were examined; dedicated lane for cooperative vehicles and autonomous vehicles, and mixed traffic lanes with the different market penetration rates. The results of this study show that with a platoon size of 5 vehicles and at the speed of 100km/h, cooperative automatic vehicles can potentially increase the capacity of a dedicated lane of a highway to 8800 vph and a general purpose lane by up to 4000 vph with a 50% market penetration. Additionally, the results show that autonomous vehicles are not able to increase highways capacity due to lack of low latency cooperative driving.
Robust color edge detection through tensor voting (2009)

This paper presents a new method for color edge detection based on the tensor voting framework, a robust perceptual grouping technique used to extract salient information from noisy data. The tensor voting framework is adapted to encode color information via tensors in order to propagate them into a neighborhood through a voting process specifically designed for color edge detection by taking into account perceptual color differences, region uniformity and edginess according to a set of intuitive perceptual criteria. Perceptual color differences are estimated by means of an optimized version of the CIEDE2000 formula, while uniformity and edginess are estimated by means of saliency maps obtained from the tensor voting process. Experiments show that the proposed algorithm is more robust and has a similar performance in precision when compared with the state-of-the-art.
SUPPORTING HUMAN-CENTERED DESIGN IN PSYCHOLOGICALLY DISTANT PROBLEM DOMAINS: THE DESIGN FOR CYBERSECURITY CARDS (2021)

Abstract Increasingly digital products and services make cybersecurity a crucial issue for designers. However, human-centered designers struggle to consider it in their work, partially a consequence of the high psychological distance between designers and cybersecurity. In this work, we build on the Design for Cybersecurity (DfC) Cards, an intervention to help designers consider cybersecurity, and examine a project-based design course to understand how and why specific DfC cards were used. Three findings result. First, designers found the intervention useful across all design phases and activities. Second, the cards helped design teams refocus their attention on the problem domain and project outcome. Third, we identify a need for support in framing and converging during user research, opportunity identification, and prototyping. We argue that the psychological distance between designers and the problem space of cybersecurity partially explains these findings, and ultimately exacerbates existing challenges in the design process. These findings suggest that design interventions must consider the psychological distance between designer and problem space, and have application in design practice across many complex problem domains.
H.E.S.S. Observations of the Supernova Remnant RX J0852.0−4622: Shell‐Type Morphology and Spectrum of a Widely Extended Very High Energy Gamma‐Ray Source (2007)

The shell-type supernova remnant RX J0852.0-4622 was observed with the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) of atmospheric Cerenkov telescopes between 2004 December and 2005 May for a total observation time of 33 hr, above an average gamma-ray energy threshold of 250 GeV. The angular resolution of ∼0.06° (for events triggering three or four telescopes) and the large field of view of H.E.S.S. (5° diameter) are well adapted to studying the morphology of the object in very high energy gamma rays, which exhibits a remarkably thin shell very similar to the features observed in the radio range and in X-rays. The spectral analysis of the source from 300 GeV to 20 TeV is also presented. Finally, the possible origins of the very high energy gamma-ray emission (inverse Compton scattering by electrons or the decay of neutral pions produced by proton interactions) are discussed, on the basis of morphological and spectral features obtained at different wavelengths. © 2007. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
Potential Prostate Cancer Drug Target: Bioactivation of Androstanediol by Conversion to Dihydrotestosterone (2011)

High-affinity binding of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) to the androgen receptor (AR) initiates androgen-dependent gene activation, required for normal male sex development in utero, and contributes to prostate cancer development and progression in men. Under normal physiologic conditions, DHT is synthesized predominantly by 5α-reduction of testosterone, the major circulating androgen produced by the testis. During androgen deprivation therapy, intratumoral androgen production is sufficient for AR activation and prostate cancer growth, even though circulating testicular androgen levels are low. Recent studies indicate that the metabolism of 5α-androstane-3α, 17β-diol by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 6 in benign prostate and prostate cancer cells is a major biosynthetic pathway for intratumoral synthesis of DHT, which binds AR and initiates transactivation to promote prostate cancer growth during androgen deprivation therapy. Drugs that target the so-called backdoor pathway of DHT synthesis provide an opportunity to enhance clinical response to luteinizing-hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonists or antagonists, AR antagonists, and inhibitors of 5α-reductase enzymes (finasteride or dutasteride), and other steroid metabolism enzyme inhibitors (ketoconazole or the recently available abiraterone acetate).
Double-blind comparison of topical 1 percent clindamycin phosphate (Cleocin T) and oral tetracycline 500 mg/day in the treatment of acne vulgaris. (1980)

An eight week double-blind study comparing 1 percent clindamycin phosphate (Cleocin T) applied topically with tetracycline 500 mg a day taken orally was conducted in fifty subjects. Topically applied 1 percent clindamycin phosphate was found to be superior to oral tetracycline at six weeks as judged by patient evaluation and reduction of papules. There was a consistent trend favoring clindamycin phosphate at the other visits but the difference was not significant. The use of topically applied 1 percent clindamycin phosphate seems to be a logical alternative to the use of oral tetracycline.
Phase singularities in beams (1999)

Beams of electromagnetic radiation with phase singularities can transport angular momentum and exert torques on objects. In this paper we discuss the generation of such beams and present a simple analysis of the phenomenon. These beams and their effects have been studied at optical and at millimeter wavelengths. We describe a particularly efficient way of generating these beams at millimeter wavelengths employing a specially configured blazed grating.
A tutorial on the dynamics and control of wind turbines and wind farms (2009)

Wind energy is currently the fastest-growing energy source in the world, with a concurrent growth in demand for the expertise of engineers and researchers in the wind energy field. There are still many unsolved challenges in expanding wind power, and there are numerous problems of interest to systems and control researchers. In this paper, we first review the basic structure of wind turbines and then describe wind turbine control systems and control loops. Of great interest are the generator torque and blade pitch control systems, where significant performance improvements are achievable with more advanced systems and control research. We describe recent developments in advanced controllers for wind turbines and wind farms, and we also outline many open problems in the areas of modeling and control of wind turbines.