gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immune Imprinting Drives Human Norovirus Potential for Global Spread (2022)

Understanding the complex interactions between virus and host that drive new strain evolution is key to predicting the emergence potential of variants and informing vaccine development. Under our hypothesis, future dominant human norovirus GII.4 variants with critical antigenic properties that allow them to spread are currently circulating undetected, having diverged years earlier. Through large-scale sequencing of GII.4 surveillance samples, we identified two variants with extensive divergence within domains that mediate neutralizing antibody binding. Subsequent serological characterization of these strains using temporally resolved adult and child sera suggests that neither candidate could spread globally in adults with multiple GII.4 exposures, yet young children with minimal GII.4 exposure appear susceptible. Antigenic cartography of surveillance and outbreak sera indicates that continued population exposure to GII.4 Sydney 2012 and antigenically related variants over a 6-year period resulted in a broadening of immunity to heterogeneous GII.4 variants, including those identified here. We show that the strongest antibody responses in adults exposed to GII.4 Sydney 2012 are directed to previously circulating GII.4 viruses. Our data suggest that the broadening of antibody responses compromises establishment of strong GII.4 Sydney 2012 immunity, thereby allowing the continued persistence of GII.4 Sydney 2012 and modulating the cycle of norovirus GII.4 variant replacement. Our results indicate a cycle of norovirus GII.4 variant replacement dependent upon population immunity. Young children are susceptible to divergent variants; therefore, emergence of these strains worldwide is driven proximally by changes in adult serological immunity and distally by viral evolution that confers fitness in the context of immunity. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> In our model, preepidemic human norovirus variants harbor genetic diversification that translates into novel antigenic features without compromising viral fitness. Through surveillance, we identified two viruses fitting this profile, forming long branches on a phylogenetic tree. Neither evades current adult immunity, yet young children are likely susceptible. By comparing serological responses, we demonstrate that population immunity varies by age/exposure, impacting predicted susceptibility to variants. Repeat exposure to antigenically similar variants broadens antibody responses, providing immunological coverage of diverse variants but compromising response to the infecting variant, allowing continued circulation. These data indicate norovirus GII.4 variant replacement is driven distally by virus evolution and proximally by immunity in adults.
Advanced processes and materials for temporary wafer bonding (2011)

Advances in semiconductor technology are still being made in traditional lithography techniques, however, the industry is beginning to look into alternative ways to reduce size and form factor while increasing performance at the same time. One such pathway is to stack various functional chips vertically. To do this, the base substrate must be very thin to allow for electrical connections, termed through-silicon-vias, to pass through. Once the substrate is thinned, it is very fragile and must be supported, either in a built up package or by being attached to a temporary carrier or handle wafer. The former is a permanent chip-to-wafer bonding, while the latter is a temporary wafer bonding. Both methods play roles in enabling chip stacking for the creation of three-dimensional integrated circuits as well as many other advanced micro devices such as MEMS. The purpose of this research was to develop a specialized method of temporary wafer bonding to enable the transfer of fragile device wafers from one carrier to another to allow processing on both sides of the device wafer in multiple sequences. The work utilized ZoneBOND™ technology from Brewer Science, Inc. to create multiple zones on carrier substrates using advanced materials with different solubilities. In this process, a simulated device wafer was temporarily bonded to a first carrier using one adhesive. Then a second carrier was bonded to the opposite side of the device wafer using a different adhesive. Then the stack was exposed to a solvent that selectively softened the adhesive on the outer zone of the first carrier. This carrier was then removed, thus transferring the device wafer from the first to the second carrier.
Step-indexed Semantic Model of Types for the Functional Object Calculus (2007)

Step-indexed semantic models of types were proposed as an alternative to the purely syntactic proofs of type safety using subject-reduction. This thesis introduces a step-indexed model for the functional object calculus, and uses it to prove the soundness of an expressive type system with object types, subtyping, recursive and bounded quantified types.
The Cause of Follicular Spicules in Multiple Myeloma—Reply (2014)

Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our Cookie Policy | Continue JAMA Dermatology HomeNew OnlineCurrent IssueFor Authors Podcast Publications JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959) JN Learning / CMESubscribeJobsInstitutions / LibrariansReprints & Permissions Terms of Use | Privacy Policy | Accessibility Statement 2023 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved Search All JAMA JAMA Network Open JAMA Cardiology JAMA Dermatology JAMA Forum Archive JAMA Health Forum JAMA Internal Medicine JAMA Neurology JAMA Oncology JAMA Ophthalmology JAMA Otolaryngology–Head & Neck Surgery JAMA Pediatrics JAMA Psychiatry JAMA Surgery Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry Input Search Term Sign In Individual Sign In Sign inCreate an Account Access through your institution Sign In Purchase Options: Buy this article Rent this article Subscribe to the JAMA Dermatology journal
A splice switch in SIGIRR causes a defect of poly(I:C)-dependent anti-inflammatory IL-37b-SIGIRR negative feedback loop in cystic fibrosis airway epithelial cells (2019)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is typically characterized by infection-associated airway epithelial inflammation. Here, we showed that cell surface expression of SIGIRR/TIR8, an immunoglobulin-like membrane protein that is essential for negative regulation of toll-like receptors (TLRs)-associated inflammatory signals, is specifically and remarkably decreased in CF and CF-like airway epithelial cells. These CF-associated cells specifically and highly expressed a unique, alternative splice isoform of SIGIRR that lacks exon 8 (8-SIGIRR), which contributes to the suppression of functional SIGIRR plasma membrane expression. Consistently, a SIGIRR ligand IL-37b failed to suppress inflammatory signals induced by poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of viral RNA. Finally, poly(I:C)-dependent anti-inflammatory IL-37b secretion was also significantly decreased in CF cells, suggesting the dysregulation of anti-inflammatory receptor SIGIRR as well as its ligand IL-37b in CF cells. Thus, our studies demonstrate that poly(I:C)-dependent anti-inflammatory feedback loop, or IL-37b-SIGIRR negative feedback signal, is defective in CF airway epithelial cells due to unique splicing switch of SIGIRR gene.
Adherence to Third European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study 3- to 4.5-Hour Exclusions and Association With Outcome (2014)

Patients with ECASS III-specific exclusion criteria for the >3 to 4.5 hours window are frequently treated with tPA. The presence of the additional exclusion criteria was not associated with worse outcomes in the >3 to 4.5 hours window compared with the 0 to 3 hours window.
Learning Gradient Fields for Shape Generation (2020)

In this work, we propose a novel technique to generate shapes from point cloud data. A point cloud can be viewed as samples from a distribution of 3D points whose density is concentrated near the surface of the shape. Point cloud generation thus amounts to moving randomly sampled points to high-density areas. We generate point clouds by performing stochastic gradient ascent on an unnormalized probability density, thereby moving sampled points toward the high-likelihood regions. Our model directly predicts the gradient of the log density field and can be trained with a simple objective adapted from score-based generative models. We show that our method can reach state-of-the-art performance for point cloud auto-encoding and generation, while also allowing for extraction of a high-quality implicit surface. Code is available at https://github.com/RuojinCai/ShapeGF.
Durability of SAW transponders for wireless sensing in harsh environments (2008)

We have developed a radio frequency (RF) transponder based on a surface acoustic wave (SAW) device (on a LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> substrate) that can be used at temperatures of up to 400degC. This paper compares the performance of several SAW metallization and packaging technologies. Thermal aging and cycle tests of the devices were performed. The transponders are shown to be suitable for wireless sensing issues in harsh industrial environments in two pilot applications.
'Lewis' Red Raspberry (2001)

breeding programs along with native R. idaeus var. strigosus (Michaux) Maxim. material from Mt. Mitchell, N.C. 'Lewis' and 'Coho'
A Proof of the Unsymmetrical Structure of the Azoxy Group1 (1933)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Proof of the Unsymmetrical Structure of the Azoxy Group1Tse-Tsing Chu and C. S. MarvelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1933, 55, 7, 2841–2850Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1933Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1933https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01334a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01334a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract O-22: SEDATION MANAGEMENT FOR CRITICALLY ILL CHILDREN WITH PRE-EXISTING COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS: IS IT DIFFERENT? (2018)

Aims & Objectives: While analgesia and sedation are essential for critically-ill children with pre-existing cognitive impairment (CI), the effectiveness of current strategies in this population remains unexplored. Here we compare current analgesia and sedation management practices between patients with CI and neurotypical (NT) children in the PICU. Methods Secondary analysis of existing data from the RESTORE trial of children admitted to the PICU for acute respiratory failure. We defined CI as baseline Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category (PCPC) score ≥3. Analyses adjusted for age and PRISM III-12 score. Results Of 2449 RESTORE subjects, 412 (17%) had CI. Compared to NT subjects, CI subjects were older (p<0.001) with more severe PARDS (40% vs. 33%; p=0.009), received lower cumulative doses of opioids (median, mg/kg, 14.2 vs. 16.2; p<0.001) and benzodiazepines (10.6 vs. 14.4; p<0.001), and fewer classes of sedative medications (% receiving ≥3 classes, 57% vs. 60%; p<0.001). Three non-verbal intubated subjects with CI received no analgesic or sedative medications. Subjects with CI spent more study days awake and calm (median [IQR], 80% [60–100] vs. 80% [56–100]; p=0.003) and experienced fewer days with an episode of pain (33% [13–56] vs. 38% [14–60]; p=0.005). Conclusions Subjects with CI in this study received lower doses of opioids and benzodiazepines while hospitalized in the PICU, including some who received no analgesia or sedation. These data suggest that while comfort for subjects with CI may have been achieved with less medication, the rationale for this observation is unclear. Further prospective study that includes alternative assessment strategies is warranted.
Active ankle motion may result in changes to the talofibular interval in individuals with chronic ankle instability and ankle sprain copers: a preliminary study (2013)

The talofibular interval increased only in subjects with a history of lateral ankle sprain with large clinical effect sizes observed. These findings suggest that an alteration in the position of the talus or fibula occurred with non-weight bearing sagittal plane motion. These findings may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications for manual therapists.
Extensin arabinoside chain length is modulated in elongating cotton fibre (2019)

Cotton fibre provides a unicellular model system for studying cell expansion and secondary cell wall deposition. Mature cotton fibres are mainly composed of cellulose while the walls of developing fibre cells contain a variety of polysaccharides and proteoglycans required for cell expansion. This includes hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) comprising the subgroup, extensins. In this study, extensin occurrence in cotton fibres was assessed using carbohydrate immunomicroarrays, mass spectrometry and monosaccharide profiling. Extensin amounts in three species appeared to correlate with fibre quality. Fibre cell expression profiling of the four cotton cultivars, combined with extensin arabinoside chain length measurements during fibre development, demonstrated that arabinoside side-chain length is modulated during development. Implications and mechanisms of extensin side-chain length dynamics during development are discussed.
ACHAB: Analysis Code for High-Altitude Balloons (2007)

*† ‡ § . ACHAB is a new software tool developed to predict flight trajectory (horizontal and vertical motions) and thermal behavior of high-altitude zero pressure balloons. Its features include also ballasting and valving. This paper will describe the theoretical basis and the development process of the code, and shows an example of the possible results, that are compared with experimental flights and the outputs of a reference software tool. ACHAB was then successfully used for trajectory prediction of the Carrier system of the experimental vehicle FTB1 within the activities of the USV (Unmanned Space Vehicle) program conducted by the Italian Aerospace Research Center (CIRA). Results of this balloon flight are also analyzed and discussed in the paper.
Nondestructive Contact Resistivity Measurements on Solar Cells Using the Circular Transmission Line Method (2019)

The contact resistivity (p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ) of screen-printed contacts is a significant component of series resistance in industrial solar cells. Measuring pc with standard techniques, such as the transmission line method (TLM), requires that the custom printed test structures be isolated from the device. In this article, we present a method for measuring p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> on solar cells using the circular TLM (cTLM), where the test structures are hidden within the busbars of the solar cell. This alleviates the need for the test structure to be isolated from the device, allowing for the fast and nondestructive measurement of p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> without causing additional shading on the cell. These measurements are performed with a semiautomatic tool, the ContactSpot-PRO, used for the accurate and systematic measurement of the p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> on the cTLM structures. Our results show that the cTLM technique compares well to the linear TLM technique on several samples fired through a range of temperatures. However, numerical models generated using Quokka3 and scanning electron microscopy images indicate that structural differences in screen-printed TLM and cTLM structures affect the actual contact resistivity of each pattern. The numerical models also show how nonuniform sheet resistance beneath and in-between the printed contacts can affect the measured p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> when using both the TLM and cTLM.
Elimination of harmonic resonance in high power GTO CSI induction motor drives (2002)

A harmonic resonance phenomenon associated with high power GTO current source inverter drives is investigated. It is indicated in this paper that the resonance is caused by the parallel connection of output capacitor and induction motor, and it is excited by harmonics in the inverter output current. A general solution to eliminating the harmonic resonance is discussed. Two practical problems, the effects of DC link current ripple on inverter current harmonics and the effects of noncharacteristic harmonics on the resonance, are investigated. Solutions to these problems are proposed. Simulation and experimental results on a 1250 HP drive are provided to verify the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photosensitized generation of singlet molecular oxygen with near-infrared radiation (1974)

R. A. Nathan and A. H. Adelman, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1974, 674 DOI: 10.1039/C39740000674
Great Expectations of COVID-19 Herd Immunity (2022)

There is a common preconception that reaching an estimated herd immunity threshold through vaccination will end the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the mathematical models underpinning this estimate make numerous assumptions that may not be met in the real world. The protection afforded by vaccines is imperfect, particularly against asymptomatic infection, which can still result in transmission and propagate pandemic viral spread. Immune responses wane and SARS-COV-2 has the capacity to mutate over time to become more infectious and resistant to vaccine elicited immunity. Human behavior and public health restrictions also vary over time and among different populations, impacting the transmissibility of infection. These ever-changing factors modify the number of secondary cases produced by an infected individual, thereby necessitating constant revision of the herd immunity threshold. Even so, vaccination remains a powerful strategy to slow down the pandemic, save lives, and alleviate the burden on limited health care resources.
Interferon-beta affects mitochondrial activity in CD4+ lymphocytes: Implications for mechanism of action in multiple sclerosis (2014)

Reduced iATP-synthesis ex vivo and differential expression of OXPHOS-genes in CD4(+) T cells point to unknown IFN-β effects on mitochondrial energy metabolism, adding to potential pleiotropic mechanisms of action.
Destruction and Construction Learning for Fine-Grained Image Recognition (2019)

Delicate feature representation about object parts plays a critical role in fine-grained recognition. For example, experts can even distinguish fine-grained objects relying only on object parts according to professional knowledge. In this paper, we propose a novel "Destruction and Construction Learning" (DCL) method to enhance the difficulty of fine-grained recognition and exercise the classification model to acquire expert knowledge. Besides the standard classification backbone network, another "destruction and construction" stream is introduced to carefully "destruct" and then "reconstruct" the input image, for learning discriminative regions and features. More specifically, for "destruction", we first partition the input image into local regions and then shuffle them by a Region Confusion Mechanism (RCM). To correctly recognize these destructed images, the classification network has to pay more attention to discriminative regions for spotting the differences. To compensate the noises introduced by RCM, an adversarial loss, which distinguishes original images from destructed ones, is applied to reject noisy patterns introduced by RCM. For "construction", a region alignment network, which tries to restore the original spatial layout of local regions, is followed to model the semantic correlation among local regions. By jointly training with parameter sharing, our proposed DCL injects more discriminative local details to the classification network. Experimental results show that our proposed framework achieves state-of-the-art performance on three standard benchmarks. Moreover, our proposed method does not need any external knowledge during training, and there is no computation overhead at inference time except the standard classification network feed-forwarding. Source code: https://github.com/JDAI-CV/DCL.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐7‐methoxy‐2‐trifluoromethyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐benzo(e) (1,3)oxazin‐4‐ones (IV) by Intramolecular Cyclocondensation of N‐(1‐ Aryl‐2,2,2‐trifluoroethylidene)‐O‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)urethanes (III). (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Chronic Renal Failure and Shortened Lifespan in COL4A3+/− Mice (2006)

A heterozygous mutation in autosomal Alport genes COL4A3 and COL4A4 can be found in 20 to 50% of individuals with familial benign hematuria and diffuse glomerular basement membrane thinning (thin basement membrane nephropathy [TBMN]). Approximately 1% of humans are heterozygous carriers of mutations in the autosomal Alport genes and at risk for developing renal failure as a result of TBMN. The incidence and pathogenesis of renal failure in heterozygous COL4A3/4 mutation carriers is still unclear and was examined further in this study using COL4A3 knockout mice. In heterozygous COL4A3(+/-) mice lifespan, hematuria and renal function (serum urea and proteinuria) were monitored during a period of 3 yr, and renal tissue was examined by light and electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Lifespan of COL4A3(+/-) mice was found to be significantly shorter than in healthy controls (21.7 versus 30.3 mo). Persistent glomerular hematuria was detected starting in week 9; proteinuria of > 0.1 g/L started after 3 mo of life and increased to > 3 g/L after 24 mo. The glomerular basement membrane was significantly thinned (167 versus 200 nm in wild type) in 30-wk-old mice, coinciding with focal glomerulosclerosis, tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and increased levels of TGF-beta and connective tissue growth factor. The renal phenotype in COL4A3(+/-) mice resembled the clinical and histopathologic phenotype of human cases of TBMN with concomitant progression to chronic renal failure. Therefore, the COL4A3(+/-) mouse model will help in the understanding of the pathogenesis of TBMN in humans and in the evaluation of potential therapies.