gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge pretreated by a combined ultrasound and chemical process (2010)

Waste activated sludge (WAS) requires a long digestion time because of a rate-limiting hydrolysis step - the first phase of anaerobic digestion. Pretreatment of WAS facilitates the hydrolysis step and improves the digestibility. This study examined the effects of ultrasonic, chemical, and combined chemical-ultrasonic pretreatments on WAS disintegration and its subsequent digestion at different solids retention times (SRTs). The efficient conditions for each pretreatment were evaluated based on per cent soluble chemical oxygen demand (%SCOD). The results showed that the combined chemical-ultrasonic pretreatment resulted in better WAS disintegration, based on %SCOD release, compared with individual chemical and ultrasonic pretreatments. At the optimum operating conditions of the combined chemical-ultrasonic pretreatment (NaOH dose of 10 mg g(-1) TS (total solids) and specific energy input of 3.8 kJ g(-1)TS), the %SCOD release was 18.1% +/- 0.5%, whereas 13.5% +/- 0.9%, 13.0% +/- 0.5% and 1.1% +/- 0.1% corresponded to individual chemical (50 mg g(-1) TS) and ultrasonic (3.8 kJ g(-1) TS) pretreatments and control (without pretreatment), respectively. The anaerobic digestion studies in continuous stirred tank reactors showed an increase in methane production of 23.4% +/- 1.3% and 31.1 +/- 1.2% for digesters fed with WAS pretreated with ultrasonic and combined chemical-ultrasonic, respectively, with respect to controls at the effective SRT of 15 days. The highest total solids removal was achieved in the digester fed with ultrasonic pretreated WAS (16.6% +/- 0.3%), whereas the highest volatile solids removal was achieved from the digester fed with combined chemical-ultrasonic pretreated WAS (24.8 +/- 0.4%). The findings from this study are a useful contribution to new pretreatment techniques in the field of sludge treatment technology through anaerobic digestion.
Identifying Consensus Disease Pathways in Parkinson's Disease Using an Integrative Systems Biology Approach (2011)

Parkinson's disease (PD) has had six genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted as well as several gene expression studies. However, only variants in MAPT and SNCA have been consistently replicated. To improve the utility of these approaches, we applied pathway analyses integrating both GWAS and gene expression. The top 5000 SNPs (p<0.01) from a joint analysis of three existing PD GWAS were identified and each assigned to a gene. For gene expression, rather than the traditional comparison of one anatomical region between sets of patients and controls, we identified differentially expressed genes between adjacent Braak regions in each individual and adjusted using average control expression profiles. Over-represented pathways were calculated using a hyper-geometric statistical comparison. An integrated, systems meta-analysis of the over-represented pathways combined the expression and GWAS results using a Fisher's combined probability test. Four of the top seven pathways from each approach were identical. The top three pathways in the meta-analysis, with their corrected p-values, were axonal guidance (p = 2.8E-07), focal adhesion (p = 7.7E-06) and calcium signaling (p = 2.9E-05). These results support that a systems biology (pathway) approach will provide additional insight into the genetic etiology of PD and that these pathways have both biological and statistical support to be important in PD.
Scaling Exponents and Probability Distributions of DNA End-to-End Distance (2005)

The scaling of the average gyration radius of polymers as a function of their length can be experimentally determined from ensemble measurements, such as light scattering, and agrees with analytical estimates. Ensemble techniques, yet, do not give access to the full probability distributions. Single molecule techniques, instead, can deliver information on both average quantities and distribution functions. Here we exploit the high resolution of atomic force microscopy over long DNA molecules adsorbed on a surface to measure the average end-to-end distance as a function of the DNA length, and its full distribution function. We find that all the scaling exponents are close to the predicted 3D values (upsilon=0.589+/-0.006 and delta=2.58+/-0.77). These results suggest that the adsorption process is akin to a geometric projection from 3D to 2D, known to preserve the scaling properties of fractal objects of dimension df<2.
Perioperative hemodynamic stability in patients with pheochromocytoma – laparoscopic vs. open surgery (2005)

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy (LA) has become the treatment of choice for pheochromocytomas (pheos) with a maximum diameter of ≤7cm, as it leads to less postoperative pain, rapid mobilization and a shorter hospital stay. However, conflicting views exists wether or not LA leads to an increased risk of perioperative cardiovascular instability. In a retrospective analysis of patients with pheos we compared 27 LA and 22 open resections (OR) by assessing intraoperative blood pressure, heart rate, hypertensive and hypotensive episodes and perioperative complications. Patients with adrenocortical adenomas (aldosteronomas n=15, inactive adenomas n=13) served as controls. In addition, we investigated the effect of phenoxybenzamine (POB) pretreatment on intraoperative cardiovascular stability in pheos (n=42). We found no significant difference in intraoperative hemodynamic stability between LA and OR for pheos and a similar complication rate (LA 18.5%, OR 19%). However, comparing LA in cortical adenomas and pheos, there was a clear difference in a variety of cardiovascular parameters (e.g. max. syst. bp: pheo 188±29mmHg, cortical adenomas 154±22mmHg, p<0.0001; max pulse rate: pheo 107±23min–1, adenomas 84±15min–1, p<0.0001) indicating a lower hemodynamic stability in pheos. Pretreatment with high dose POB (1.5–3.6mg/kg bw/d, i.e. highest quartile) was not superior to low dose pretreatment (0.25–0.5mg/kg bw/d, i.e. lowest quartile). Instead, high dose POB was associated with a significantly higher intraoperative heart rate (max heart rate: 120±19.5 vs. 94±15.2min–1, p<0.01). In conclusion, in pheochromocytomas intraoperative cardiovascular stability is similiar for LA and OR, but significantly inferior to LA for cortical adenomas. We found no evidence of a beneficial effect of high dose POB for cardiocascular stability during surgery.
Soliton interactions and transformations in colloidal media (2009)

We study nonlinear light propagation in colloidal suspensions of spherical dielectric nanoparticles. We analyze the existence and properties of one-dimensional self-trapped beams (spatial optical solitons) in such media and demonstrate the existence of a bistability regime. The solitons corresponding to the two bistable branches have very different properties, and they can be easily distinguished by the measurement of the soliton width. We find that both types of solitons can form spontaneously through spatial modulational instability of continuous wave beams, but the solitons corresponding to the upper branch are more robust. This is also confirmed by the study of soliton collisions, where we describe a number of possible scenarios, including soliton amalgamation, destruction, reflection, deflection, and switching to another branch. We also find that the interaction of two mutually coherent solitons corresponding to different branches is phase independent and always repulsive. We provide a simple physical explanation of this phenomenon.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF LEUCOXYLONINE (1985)

Abstract Der Aldehyd (Ia) liefert ein Imin (Ib), das nach Iodierung zum Methoxy‐Derivat (Id) ausgetauscht und dann zu dem Aldehyd (Ie) verseift wird.
Phenotypically independent profiles relevant to mental health are genetically correlated (2021)

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and family-based studies have revealed partly overlapping genetic architectures between various psychiatric disorders. Given clinical overlap between disorders, our knowledge of the genetic architectures underlying specific symptom profiles and risk factors is limited. Here, we aimed to derive distinct profiles relevant to mental health in healthy individuals and to study how these genetically relate to each other and to common psychiatric disorders. Using independent component analysis, we decomposed self-report mental health questionnaires from 136,678 healthy individuals of the UK Biobank, excluding data from individuals with a diagnosed neurological or psychiatric disorder, into 13 distinct profiles relevant to mental health, capturing different symptoms as well as social and risk factors underlying reduced mental health. Utilizing genotypes from 117,611 of those individuals with White British ancestry, we performed GWAS for each mental health profile and assessed genetic correlations between these profiles, and between the profiles and common psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits. We found that mental health profiles were genetically correlated with a wide range of psychiatric disorders and cognitive traits, with strongest effects typically observed between a given mental health profile and a disorder for which the profile is common (e.g. depression symptoms and major depressive disorder, or psychosis and schizophrenia). Strikingly, although the profiles were phenotypically uncorrelated, many of them were genetically correlated with each other. This study provides evidence that statistically independent mental health profiles partly share genetic underpinnings and show genetic overlap with psychiatric disorders, suggesting that shared genetics across psychiatric disorders cannot be exclusively attributed to the known overlapping symptomatology between the disorders.
Abstract 3347: Sirolimus Eluting Stents In Single Vessel Versus Multi-vessel Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: Results From The Matrix Registry (2007)

Background The efficacy of sirolimus eluting stents (SES) to reduce in-stent restenosis compared to bare metal stents has been studied in single coronary vessels. However, the long-term efficacy and safety of SES implantation in multiple coronary vessels has not been well studied. We compared the efficacy and safety of SES implanted in single vessel versus multi-vessel PCI. Methods The MATRIX registry prospectively evaluates the efficacy and safety of SES in a “real world” population. In this registry, SES was implanted in single vessel PCI in 1103 patients and in multi-vessel PCI in 321 patients. Dual anti-platelet therapy with aspirin and clopidogrel was recommended for at least one year. All clinical events are source-documented and adjudicated by an independent committee. Results The multi-vessel PCI group had more patients with diabetes (38.4% vs. 32.4%, p=0.04), but less patients with prior PCI (37.7% vs. 46.6%, p=0.006) and prior CABG (17% vs. 22.3%, p=0.04). The mean number of stents implanted was 1.7 ± 0.9 vs. 3.1 ± 1.1 with procedural success of 96.7% vs. 95.6% in single and multi-vessel PCI groups respectively. The two-year clinical outcomes are shown in the table . Conclusions We documented no significant differences in single vs. multi-vessel PCI with sirolimus DES. Therefore, with appropriate patient selection and PCI technique, the treatment with multi-vessel PCI appears to be as safe and effective as single vessel PCI.
Simple Design for DNA Nanotubes from a Minimal Set of Unmodified Strands: Rapid, Room-Temperature Assembly and Readily Tunable Structure (2013)

DNA nanotubes have great potential as nanoscale scaffolds for the organization of materials and the templation of nanowires and as drug delivery vehicles. Current methods for making DNA nanotubes either rely on a tile-based step-growth polymerization mechanism or use a large number of component strands and long annealing times. Step-growth polymerization gives little control over length, is sensitive to stoichiometry, and is slow to generate long products. Here, we present a design strategy for DNA nanotubes that uses an alternative, more controlled growth mechanism, while using just five unmodified component strands and a long enzymatically produced backbone. These tubes form rapidly at room temperature and have numerous, orthogonal sites available for the programmable incorporation of arrays of cargo along their length. As a proof-of-concept, cyanine dyes were organized into two distinct patterns by inclusion into these DNA nanotubes.
Transverse mode selection and brightness enhancement in laser resonators by means of volume Bragg gratings (2015)

The design of high power lasers requires large mode areas to overcome various intensity driven nonlinear effects. Increasing the aperture size within the laser can overcome these effects, but typically result in multi-transverse mode output and reduced beam quality, limiting the brightness of the system. As one possible solution, the angular selectivity of a diffractive optical element is proposed as a spatial filter, allowing for the design of compact high brightness sources not possible with conventional methods of transverse mode selection. This thesis explores the angular selectivity of volume Bragg gratings (VBGs) and their use as spatial transverse mode filters in a laser resonator. Selection of the fundamental mode of a resonator is explored using transmission Bragg gratings (TBGs) as the spatial filter. Simulations and experimental measurements are made for a planar, 1 cm long resonator demonstrating near diffraction limited output (M2 < 1.4) for aperture sizes as large as 2.0 mm. Applications to novel fiber laser designs are explored. Single mode operation of a multi-mode Yb3+ doped ribbon fiber laser (core dimensions of 107.8 ?m x 8.3 ?m) is obtained using a single transmission VBG as the filter in an external cavity resonator. Finally, a novel method of selecting a pure higher order mode to oscillate within the gain medium while simultaneously converting this higher order mode to a fundamental mode at an output coupler is proposed and demonstrated. A multiplexed transmission VBG is used as the mode converting element, selecting the 12th higher order mode for amplifications in an Yb3+ doped ribbon fiber laser, while converting the higher order mode of a laser resonator to a single lobed output beam with diffraction limited divergence.
Spatially Adaptive Wavelet Transform for Video Coding with Multi-Scale Motion Compensation (2007)

In this paper a technique that enables efficient synthesis of the prediction signal for application in multi-scale motion compensation is presented. The technique targets prediction of high-pass spatial subbands for motion compensation at higher scales. Since in the targeted framework these subbands are obtained by high-pass filtering of prediction signal in pixel domain, an adaptive approach for filtering is proposed to support decomposition of differently predicted frame areas. In this way an efficient application of different prediction modes at all scales used for compensation is enabled. Experimental results show that for fast sequences where such an application of different prediction modes is crucial, the proposed adaptive transform introduces significant objective and visual improvements.
Datagram Transport Layer Security (2006)

This document specifies Version 1.0 of the Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) protocol.The DTLS protocol provides communications privacy for datagram protocols.The protocol allows client/server applications to communicate in a way that is designed to prevent eavesdropping, tampering, or message forgery.The DTLS protocol is based on the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol and provides equivalent security guarantees.Datagram semantics of the underlying transport are preserved by the DTLS protocol.
P3‐102: VISUAL AND AUDITORY CHANGES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH NEUROIMAGING BIOMARKERS DURING PRODROMAL STAGES OF ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE (2014)

Changes in visual and auditory function have been reported in patients with clinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), but the relationship of these measures to known biomarkers of AD neuropathology is unknown. Thus, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that sensory measures, including visual (contrast sensitivity) and auditory function (pure tone audiometry), are associated with neuroimaging biomarkers of AD, including amyloid deposition (measured with [11 C]PiB PET) and hippocampal volume. 31 participants, including 13 healthy age-matched controls (HC), 6 euthymic older adults with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) but no neuropsychological deficits, and 12 patients with MCI, were included in the present analysis. All participants underwent a test of contrast sensitivity, measured using frequency doubling technology (FDT-2) as previously described [1], pure tone audiometry to test tonal hearing, and structural MRI. A subset of participants also underwent [11 C]PiB PET imaging (n=12 [3 HC, 3 SCD, 6 MCI]). Structural MRI scans were processed using FreeSurfer version 5.1. [11 C]PiB PET scans were processed using standard techniques in SPM8. Mean PiB standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) was extracted from a global cortical grey matter region of interest. Contrast sensitivity (duration of FDT-2 exam) and tonal hearing at high frequency (mean tonal intensity at 8000Hz) were compared between diagnostic groups. The relationship of these sensory measures to global PiB uptake and hippocampal atrophy was evaluated using a linear regression model. No significant difference between diagnostic groups was observed for either visual function or tonal hearing at 8000 Hz in this small sample (Fig. 1A & 1B). However, visual function (duration of FDT-2 exam) was significantly associated with amyloid deposition (p=0.001, Fig. 1C). Tonal hearing and hippocampal volume were also significantly associated (p=0.001, Fig. 1D).
The Motif Tool Assessment Platform (MTAP) for Sequence-Based Transcription Factor Binding Site Prediction Tools (2010)

Predicting transcription factor binding sites (TFBS) from sequence is one of the most challenging problems in computational biology. The development of (semi-)automated computer-assisted prediction methods is needed to find TFBS over an entire genome, which is a first step in reconstructing mechanisms that control gene activity. Bioinformatics journals continue to publish diverse methods for predicting TFBS on a monthly basis. To help practitioners in deciding which method to use to predict for a particular TFBS, we provide a platform to assess the quality and applicability of the available methods. Assessment tools allow researchers to determine how methods can be expected to perform on specific organisms or on specific transcription factor families. This chapter introduces the TFBS detection problem and reviews current strategies for evaluating algorithm effectiveness. In this chapter, a novel and robust assessment tool, the Motif Tool Assessment Platform (MTAP), is introduced and discussed.
Internet tomography (2002)

Today's Internet is a massive, distributed network which continues to explode in size as e-commerce and related activities grow. The heterogeneous and largely unregulated structure of the Internet renders tasks such as dynamic routing, optimized service provision, service-level verification, and detection of anomalous/malicious behavior increasingly challenging tasks. The problem is compounded by the fact that one cannot rely on the cooperation of individual servers and routers to aid in the collection of network traffic measurements vital for these tasks. In many ways, network monitoring and inference problems bear a strong resemblance to other "inverse problems" in which key aspects of a system are not directly observable. Familiar signal processing problems such as tomographic image reconstruction, system identification, and array processing all have interesting interpretations in the networking context. This article introduces the new field of network tomography, a field which we believe will benefit greatly from the wealth of signal processing theory and algorithms.
Low-Carbon Warehousing: Examining Impacts of Building and Intra-Logistics Design Options on Energy Demand and the CO2 Emissions of Logistics Centers (2016)

Logistics centers contribute to CO2 emissions in the building and logistics sector and therefore share a responsibility to decarbonize not only the supply chain. Synergy effects in both building and intra-logistics should be considered as suitable levers to lower energy demand and related CO2 emissions. This research develops firs t with a systemic approach an integrated analytical model for energy calculation and reference building models for different types of logistics centers to provide basic knowledge and a methodological framework for planners and managers to aid in the selection of different intra-logistics and building design options for optimum energy efficiency. It then determines the energy demand in reference building models and performs parameter studies to examine interrelations and impacts of design options for intra-logistics, building technology, and building skin on energy demand. It combines these to optimized reference building models to show the extent to which energy and CO2 emission savings can be reached. The results show that it is possible to significantly lower CO2 emissions. However, there are clear differences between the different types of logistics centers and the impacts of different design options.
Neurotoxins specific for the sodium channel stimulate calcium entry into neuroblastoma cells (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeurotoxins specific for the sodium channel stimulate calcium entry into neuroblastoma cellsY. Jacques, C. Frelin, P. Vigne, G. Romey, M. Parjari, and M. LazdunskiCite this: Biochemistry 1981, 20, 21, 6219–6225Publication Date (Print):October 13, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 13 October 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00524a048Request reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (897 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
I2/TBPB mediated oxidative reaction of aryl acetaldehydes with amidines: synthesis of 1,2,5-triaryl-1H-imidazoles (2017)

A direct method for the synthesis of 1,2,5-triaryl-1<italic>H</italic>-imidazoles was achieved from acetaldehydes with amidines catalyzed by I<sub>2</sub>. Various substituted groups can be employed, and this reaction proceeds smoothly in moderate to good yields.