gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Corrosion rates under charge-conservation conditions (2023)

Laboratory and numerical corrosion experiments impose an electric potential on the metal surface, differing from natural corrosion conditions, where corrosion typically occurs in the absence of external current sources. In this work, we present a new computational model that enables predicting corrosion under charge-conservation conditions. The metal potential, an output of the model, is allowed to change, capturing how the corrosion and cathodic reactions must produce/consume electrons at the same rates, as in natural conditions. Finite element simulations are performed over a large range of concentrations and geometric parameters. The results highlight the notable influence of the charge-conservation assumption and pioneeringly quantify corrosion rates under realistic conditions. They further show: (i) the strong coupling between the corrosion rate and the hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions, (ii) under which circumstances corrosion pits acidify, and (iii) when corrosion is able to become self-sustained lacking oxygen.
Voltage Spectra of Three-Level Inverters with Three-Phase Modulation (2006)

In the area of high voltages and powers, the high quality inverter-fed ac drive is more easily achieved by the use of three-level inverters. For three-level inverters three different PWM control regions can be introduced where different three-phase PWM strategies may be applied. This paper deals with the analysis of that three-phase PWM method of three-level inverters which ensures the lowest value of motor harmonic losses. However, the realization of this PWM method is not so simple as the space vector PWM. At the same time in the low and middle voltage area the space vector PWM method gives bigger harmonic losses than the optimal PWM method. The motor voltage spectrum derivation for both the optimal version and the space vector PWMs are given and the results are checked by straight harmonic computations and by simulations
Cell analysis with the new Leipzig high-energy ion nanoprobe. (2003)

The high-energy ion nanoprobe LIPSION at the University of Leipzig has been in operation since 1998. The ultrastable, 3.5 MV SINLETRON accelerator supplies the H+ or He+ ion beam. A magnetic scanning system moves the focused beam across the sample. At present, a resolution of 41 +/- 4 nm in the low current mode and 300 nm at 5 pA can be achieved. The experimental chamber is equipped with electron-, energy dispersive X-ray-, and particle detectors. They can be used simultaneously to analyse the sample by means of PIXE (particle induced X-ray emission), RBS (Rutherford backscattering), and in the case of thin sections or monolayer samples STIM (scanning transmission ion microscopy). A goniometer allows the application of channeling measurements in single crystals in combination with these methods. In contrast to previous publication describing microbeam facility at LIPSION, the current biomedical research has concentrated on microscopy and tomography on chondrocytes in pig cartilages and fixed single endothelial cells (HUVEC). For the irradiation of single living cells, an external beam facility with irradiation platform, fast beamgate and mini-Petri dishes is under construction.
Relationship Between I3 − Diffusion in Titania Nanopores Modified with Dyes and Open Circuit Voltage of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (2011)

Relative diffusion rates (R rel ) of I 3 − species in titania nanopores modified with various dye molecules were measured. Introduction of polar atoms such as O or F decreased R rel and open circuit voltage (V oc ) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSC). The results were explained by the fact that slow diffusion of I 3 − species in nanopores increases opportunities of charge recombination between electrons in titania layer and I 3 − existing in the titania nanopores.
A propensity score–adjusted comparison of thoracoscopic periareolar and video-assisted approaches for minimally invasive mitral valve surgery (2020)

A T I O N TP versus
Insights for Systems Security Engineering from Multilayer Network Models. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Plasmonic nanofocusing by axicon-shape Kretschmann configuration (2011)

We designed and proposed a focusing device for the localization of photons in nanometric region by surface plasmon excitation. The focusing device is a metal-coated axicon prism. The cone angle of the prism and the metallic film thickness are designed to match the excitation conditions for Kretschmann configuration. A collimated Gaussian beam is irradiated to the prism and the excited surface plasmons propagate along the sides of the prism and converge at its apex. The resulting nanofocusing was investigated by the simulations and experiments of the intensity distributions around the apex of the prism. For incident radial polarization, a localized and field enhanced spot is generated by the constructive interference of surface plasmons. We observed the light scattered at the apex and the light reflected by the prism. Each polarized light of the radial, azimuthal, and linear provided field distributions of bright and dark intensities according to the surface plasmon excitation. We have demonstrated that surface plasmon waves are excited at the sides of the prism in the Kretschmann configuration and that they converge to its apex.
Defective replication units of hepatitis B virus (1990)

Templates for the synthesis of defective hepatitis B virus RNA pregenomes were constructed. Viral sequences in these constructs were replaced by the neomycin resistance gene. Deletions spanned up to 80% of the genome and did not include the cohesive end region. The size of the defective replication units was reduced up to half of the wild-type unit length. After cotransfection with replication competent wild-type DNA, defective pregenomes became included into the pool of replicating viral nucleic acids. A natural template for a defective pregenome was derived from the integrated state in a hepatocellular carcinoma. Owing to a deletion, this unit was devoid of the hepatitis B virus enhancer.
The Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections (2010)

Principles of Diagnosis Detection of Virions or their Components Detection of Viral Infectivity Characterization of Detected Viruses Analysis of the Host's Immune Response to the Infecting Virus Quality Assurance/Quality Control From Laboratory Findings to Diagnosis
A Low-Cost Low-Power CMOS Time-to-Digital Converter Based on Pulse Stretching (2006)

A low-cost and low-power CMOS time-to-digital converter (TDC) with 50-ps time resolution is proposed in this paper. The reference clock frequency of the TDC is 80 MHz and the input range is theoretically unlimited. Two parallel time interpolators are used to improve the resolution by pulse stretching. In addition to conventional current ratio and capacitor ratio, the duty cycle of the discharging clock is also incorporated to adjust the stretch factor to reduce the power consumption and chip area dramatically. The interpolators are based on analog dual-slope conversion. The time resolution is measured as 50 ps and the integral nonlinearity (INL) error is within <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$pm 1.1$</tex> LSB for input range up to 250ns. The temperature drift of the measured resolution is <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$-15.2hbox%$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$+13hbox%$</tex> over a temperature range of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$-$</tex> 40 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C to 80 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C, which is significantly smaller than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$pm125hbox%$</tex> drift over 100 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$^circ$</tex> C temperature range in pervious work. The voltage drift is 3.8 ps/V or equivalently <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$pm 3.5%$</tex> over 3.0–4.0 V supply voltage range. The measured resolution is within 49.8 ps to 52.7 ps for six packaged chips and the chip size is merely 0.5 mm <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$, times ,$</tex> 0.45mm as fabricated in the TSMC 0.35- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$mu$</tex> m CMOS digital process. The power consumption is 0.75mW, enormously reduced from hundreds of milliwatts of the predecessors, at 100 k samples/s and the measurement rate can achieve as high as 150 k samples/s.
Degradation Diagnosis of Li(Ni0.5Mn0.2Co0.3)O2/Li Half-cell by Identifying Physical Parameter Evolution Profile Using Impedance Spectra During Cycling (2023)

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) is considered as a quick and nondestructive diagnostic tool to characterize the degradation of LIBs within a short testing timeframe. In this study, to obtain the relationship between EIS spectra and cell capacity degradation, our previously reported physics-based EIS model is further utilized to interpret EIS spectra of Li-NMC(5:2:3) half-cell measured under cycling. The EIS spectra show that the polarization impedance (R p ) increases with the number of cycles under different open circuit voltages (OCVs), especially in the mid-frequency range. After interpreting EIS spectra by the physics-based model, we found that the diffusion coefficient, ionic conductivity, and cathode reaction rate at different OCVs all decrease with the number of cycles. The impedance variation caused by the change of cathode reaction rate during cycles is much more significant than that caused by the other two parameters. Furthermore, the cell capacity degradation is linearly related to the charge transfer resistance (R ct2 ) caused by cathode/electrolyte interface reaction rate at specific OCVs and it could serve as the indicator of cell capacity fade beyond 10 cycles.
Interaction of hypoxia and hypercapnia on cerebral hemodynamics and brain electrical activity in dogs (1987)

The interaction of hypoxic hypoxia, hypercapnia, and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) was studied in 15 pentobarbital-anesthetized ventilated dogs. In one group of animals (n = 5) hypercapnia [arterial CO2 partial pressure (PaCO2) approximately 50 Torr] was added to both moderate hypoxia and severe hypoxia. Moderate hypoxia [arterial O2 partial pressure (PaO2) = 36 mmHg] increased MABP and cerebral blood flow (CBF) without changes in cerebral O2 uptake (CMRO2). Superimposed hypercapnia increased CBF and MABP further with no change in CMRO2. In another group of animals (n = 5), a MABP increase of approximately 40 mmHg during moderate hypoxia without hypercapnia did not further increase CBF, suggesting intact autoregulation. Thus, during moderate hypoxia, hypercapnia is capable of increasing CBF. Severe hypoxia (PaO2 = 22 mmHg) increased CBF, but MABP and CMRO2 declined. Superimposed hypercapnia further decreased MABP and decreased CBF from its elevated level and further decreased CMRO2. Raising MABP under these circumstances in another animal group (n = 5) increased CBF above the level present during severe hypoxia alone and increased CMRO2. The change in CBF and CMRO2 during severe hypoxia plus hypercapnia with MABP elevation were not different from that severe hypoxia alone. We conclude that, during hypoxia sufficiently severe to impair CMRO2, superimposed hypercapnia has a detrimental influence due to decreased MABP, which causes a decrease in CBF and cerebral O2 delivery.
A sensor measuring deformation and pressure, entirely biodegradable, for orthopedic applications (2016)

In this paper, we present a highly sensitive sensor, entirely made of biodegradable materials, that can measure both deformation and pressure. This sensor is designed to monitor the progress of tendon repair after surgery, with the objective to provide an appropriate care to each patient based on personalized diagnosis. This is the first time that a biodegradable pressure and strain sensor is presented. Moreover, our device's high sensitivity in the low strain regime and low pressure regime in combination with its fast response time in the millisecond range, and its negligible hysteresis is unprecedented when compared to recent reports on implantable strain and pressure sensors. The pressure sensor performs stably after thousands of cycles. These characteristics allow our pressure sensor to be useful for orthopedics applications.
1408. Population Pharmacokinetic (PK) Model to Describe Epithelial Lining Fluid (ELF) Penetration of ASN-1 and ASN-2 after ASN100 Administration to Healthy Subjects (2018)

ASN100 is a combination of two co-administered fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), ASN-1 and ASN-2, that together neutralize the six cytotoxins critical to S. aureus pneumonia pathogenesis. ASN100 is in development for prevention of S. aureus pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients. A population PK model was developed to characterize the time-course of ASN-1 and ASN-2 in ELF following intravenous administration of ASN100 in healthy subjects. A total of 42 healthy subjects received a single dose of ASN-1 or ASN-2 alone (200–4,000 mg) or ASN100 (3,600 or 8,000 mg; 1:1 ratio of ASN-1:ASN-2). All subjects contributed 13–17 serum samples for ASN-1/ASN-2 assay. Twelve subjects contributed 2 bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) samples each for ELF concentration assay (Day 1 or 2 and Day 8 or 30 after dosing). A previously reported, linear, two-compartment population PK model for serum [ID Week 2017, Poster #1849] was expanded and fit to the ELF concentration–time data. Sequential analysis was used to fix serum PK as the driver for ELF PK; only those parameters controlling transfer into and out of the ELF were fit. An effect-site model adequately described the time-course of ELF concentrations. To allow for estimation of interindividual variability in the elimination from ELF, residual variability in ELF was fixed to that previously estimated for the serum PK data. Separate rate constants for transfer from serum to ELF were estimated for the 3,600 and 8,000 mg ASN100 dose groups to reflect the less than dose-proportional increase in ELF concentrations for both ASN-1 and ASN-2. Goodness-of-fit plots did not reveal any appreciable biases. A visual predictive check indicated that the model could adequately capture the observed data (Figure 1). Predicted ELF penetration using the ratio of ELF:serum AUC0–∞ was 33.0% for ASN-1 and 20.3% for ASN-2 following the selected clinical dose of 3,600 mg. A population PK model adequately described the time-course of ASN-1 and ASN-2 in ELF. ELF penetration was 20–33% following administration of the ASN100 clinical dose. These results should be interpreted with caution given the limited sample size (six subjects per dose group) and limitations of urea-based normalization of BALF to ELF volume. S. A. Van Wart, Arsanis, Inc.: Research Contractor, Research support. C. Stevens, Arsanis, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and stock options. Z. Magyarics, Arsanis Biosciences GmbH: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and stock options. S. A. Luperchio, Arsanis, Inc.: Employee and Shareholder, Salary and stock options. C. M. Rubino, Arsanis, Inc.: Research Contractor, Research support. P. G. Ambrose, Arsanis, Inc.: Research Contractor, Research support.
Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysis in Acid Conditions Using Ruthenate‐Iridate Pyrochlores (2014)

Abstract The pyrochlore solid solution (Na 0.33 Ce 0.67 ) 2 (Ir 1− x Ru x ) 2 O 7 (0≤ x ≤1), containing B‐site Ru IV and Ir IV is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis and used as a catalyst layer for electrochemical oxygen evolution from water at pH&lt;7. The materials have atomically mixed Ru and Ir and their nanocrystalline form allows effective fabrication of electrode coatings with improved charge densities over a typical (Ru,Ir)O 2 catalyst. An in situ study of the catalyst layers using XANES spectroscopy at the Ir L III and Ru K edges shows that both Ru and Ir participate in redox chemistry at oxygen evolution conditions and that Ru is more active than Ir, being oxidized by almost one oxidation state at maximum applied potential, with no evidence for ruthenate or iridate in +6 or higher oxidation states.
Peran Pelatihan Keterampilan Medik dan Kepaniteraan Klinik terhadap Kelulusan OSCE UKDI (2015)

Background: One of the areas of competence expected from a doctor in Indonesia is clinical skills. It will be assessed in the National Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). In the Faculty of Medicine Airlangga University, there are four clinical skill modules in second to fifth semester. Afterward, students go to clinical posting to apply their clinical skill and practice profesionalism to real patients. The objective of this study is to measure the correlation between clinical skill examination score, educational environment, and Grade Point Average (GPA) during clinical posting and National OSCE’s score.Method: This study used cross sectional approach. Data were obtained from 143 national OSCE’s participant. Primary data obtained from clinical posting’s educational environment questionnaire. Secondary data consisted of five categorized scores from clinical skill examination during preclinic; clinical posting GPA; and National OSCE’s scores. We conducted three different analyses: Spearman correlation test to measure the correlation of clinical skills examination scores to National OSCE’s scores; Pearson correlation test to measure the correlation of clinical posting GPA to OSCE’s scores; and correlation of clinical posting’s questionnaire to OSCE’s scores.Results: Clinical skills examination score was weakly correlated with OSCE’s score (r= 0,189, p&lt; 0,05). Clinical posting GPA was also correlated with OSCE’s score (r= 0,417, p&lt;0,001). But, there was no correlation of clinical posting’s educational environment with OSCE’s score (p&gt;0,05).Conclusions: There is a correlation between clinical skills examination scores and academic achievement during clinical posting with OSCE’s score. But, there is no correlation between clinical posting’s educational environment with OSCE’s score.
Self assembling of graphitic nanoplatelets (2012)

Layered materials are the fundamental building blocks of two-dimensional(2D) systems with unusual chemical and physical properties with high specific surface areas, that are important for many and different applications, such sensing, catalysis, and energy storage. In such a context, carbon-based few-layered nanosheets are fascinating materials, but a reliable procedure of fabrication remains a target not yet met. We report here our preliminary results of recent researches addressed at the production of 2D crystalline structures. The starting material were colloidaldispersions of graphitic nanoflakes obtained from disruption of SWCNT andMWCNT using high-shear mixing and/or treatments in sulfonitric mixtures bothat room and high temperature. The nanoflakes, dispersed in aqueous medium orDMF, have been subsequently deposited on Si substrates or TEM grids forrelated observations. Depending on the process procedures, different kind of reorganizationare found to occur, as evidenced by ED, TEM and micro-Ramananalysis. The adopted methodology allows indeed to obtain samples characterized by very different interactions between proximal units , giving rise in particular to: clustering of platelets with a relatively small 2D extension and random arrangement of polycrystalline graphite-like nanomaterial inside the clusters. assembling of nanoflakes into highly ordered (single-crystal) nanosheets with a relatively large (some thousands of nm2) surface. In this last case the ED pattern evidences the presence of quasisinglecrystal material: the fine structure of the ED pattern is characterized by the almost perfect superpositioning of diffraction spots coming from different platelets not perfectly oriented each other. In such a case, the TEM analysis reveals the presence of relatively thin, but extended, nanosheets.The results shows that the assembly processes can be tailored by modulating the disruption treatments and choosing a suitable dispersion medium, in order to produce selectively different forms of self-assembling, from polycrystalline aggregates to highly self-oriented mosaic-like structures, evidencing the possibility to achieve single-crystal platelets. It is expected that the identification of cooperative mechanisms acting in such systems could help in opening innovative crystallization pathways and give a relevant contribution for nanotechnologies.
Permanent and Peripheral Embolization: Temperature‐Sensitive p(N‐Isopropylacrylamide‐co‐butyl Methylacrylate) Nanogel as a Novel Blood‐Vessel‐Embolic Material in the Interventional Therapy of Liver Tumors (2011)

Abstract Permanent and peripheral embolization is a requirement of embolic materials in the transcatheter arterial embolization of liver tumors. So far, it has been difficult to find materials that have both good flowability and high mechanical strength. In the present work, a temperature‐sensitive p( N ‐isopropylacrylamide‐ co ‐butyl methylacrylate) (PIB) nanogel is explored as a novel blood‐vessel‐embolic material in the interventional therapy of liver tumors. With increasing temperature, the PIB nanogel dispersion sequentially exhibits three phase states; swollen gel, flowable sol, and finally shrunken gel. Iohexol, a nonionic X‐ray contrast agent, increases the volume‐phase transition temperature of the PIB nanogel and decreases the critical gelation concentration. Angiographical and histological studies on the embolization in the liver arteries of VX2 tumor‐bearing rabbits indicate that the PIB nanogel dispersion mixed with iohexol (designated as PIB‐I‐6150) completely occludes all levels of blood vessels, including peripheral vessels. In addition, data on tumor volume, necrosis level, and the number of metastatic foci indicate that PIB‐I‐6150 has better peripheral embolization than Lipiodol. Experiments concerning cytotoxicity, hemolysis, histology, and liver function indicate that PIB‐I‐6150 has good biocompability.