gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain reserve and cognitive reserve in multiple sclerosis (2013)

We provide evidence of BR in MS, and show that CR independently protects against disease-related cognitive decline over and above BR. Lifestyle choices protect against cognitive impairment independently of genetic factors outside of one's control.
Studies on Acetylenic Compounds. LVI. Syntheses of 4-Isoxazolin-3-ones and 1-Phenyl-3-hydroxypyrazoles (1971)

The reactions of α-acetylenic esters with N-substituted hydroxylamines in the presence of strong bases afforded 2-substituted 4-isoxazolin-3-ones, which were also prepared from α-acetylenic acid chlorides and N-substituted hydroxylamines. 1-Phenyl-3-hydroxypyrazoles were obtained by the reaction of α-acetylenic esters with phenylhydrazine in the presence of alkoxides.
Capacitive Silicon Microphone (1999)

A capacitive silicon microphone has been fabricated. The component consists of two freestanding polysilicon membranes, a low-stress bending membrane and a high-stress backplate, which are separated by an air gap. Sound pressure changes the capacitance between the membranes. A backchamber is arranged by encapsulation and static pressure changes are prevented with small equalisation holes in the bending membrane. The component is fabricated combining bulk and surface micromachining techniques. Silicon substrates are etched in TMAH and sacrificial oxide between the membranes is etched in PSG-etch followed by freeze drying to prevent sticking. The measured acoustic sensitivity of the microphone with 1 × 1 mm2 membrane was 2 mV/Pa (1 kHz frequency) and the resolution 35 dB (A-weighted sound level).
Stage-Specific Localization of Basigin, a Member of the Immunoglobulin Superfamily, During Mouse Spermatogenesis. (1998)

Ablation of the transmembrane glycoprotein basigin leads to azoospermic mice, indicating that this gene is essential for spermatogenesis. To examine the functions of basigin in the testis, the precise localization of basigin during spermatogenesis was examined immunohistochemically. In the adult mouse testis, basigin immunoreactivity appeared on the cell surface of leptotene spermatocytes and gradually increased in intensity during the meiotic prophase. Cytoplasmic staining, as well as cell surface staining, was detected in spermatids. The most conspicuous reactivity was found in the spermatids at steps 9-11 and in the flagella of spermatids. Immuno-electron microscopic analysis demonstrated that basigin was localized not only on the plasma membranes of spermatocytes and spermatids, but also on the plasma membrane of the Sertoli cell processes which contact the spermatocytes and spermatids. Basigin immunoreactivity was also detected during postnatal development in spermatocytes and spermatids but not in spermatogonia. Experimental cryptorchid testes which contain only spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in the seminiferous epithelium showed no basigin immunoreactivity. Seven days after surgical reversal of the cryptorchid testis, spermatocytes reappeared in the tubules, along with basigin immunoreactivity. Furthermore, in sterile mutant mice, in which neither spermatocytes nor spermatids were generated, no basigin immunoreactivity was detected in the seminiferous tubules. These findings indicate that expression of basigin is concomitant with appearance of spermatocytes in the seminiferous tubule, and suggest that basigin is involved in the interaction between Sertoli cells and germ cells at specific stages of spermatogenesis.
Anion-exchange reactions of hydroxy double salts (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnion-exchange reactions of hydroxy double saltsMartina Meyn, Klaus Beneke, and Gerhard LagalyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 7, 1209–1215Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00059a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00059a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2439Altmetric-Citations266LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hereditary spastic paraplegia: a clinical and genetic study of cases in the north-east of England. (1983)

Patients in the north-east of England with hereditary spastic paraplegia and their immediate families were examined clinically and studied for evidence of linkage or association with polymorphic genetic systems. There were no observable clinical differences between patients with and without a positive family history. Family histories were compatible with autosomal dominant transmission, there was no evidence of linkage with any system, but there was a significant association with HLA-A1.
Imaging with Diffractive Axicons Rapidly Milled on Sapphire by Femtosecond Laser Ablation (2023)

We show that single-pulse burst fabrication will produce a flatter and smoother profile of axicons milled on sapphire compared to pulse overlapped fabrication which results in a damaged and much rougher surface. The fabrication of large-area (sub-1 cm cross-section) micro-optical components in a short period of time (∼10 min) and with less processing steps is highly desirable and would be cost-effective. Our results were achieved with femtosecond laser fabrication technology which has revolutionized the field of advanced manufacturing. This study compares three configurations of axicons such as the conventional axicon, a photon sieve axicon (PSA) and a sparse PSA directly milled onto a sapphire substrate. Debris of redeposited amorphous sapphire were removed using isopropyl alcohol and potassium hydroxide. A spatially incoherent illumination was used to test the components for imaging applications. Non-linear reconstruction was used for cleaning noisy images generated by the axicons.
Murine Pancreatic Islet Isolation (2007)

Perform quickly. Long-term Ficoll exposure is TOXIC to islets.
Der Verschluß des Ductus arteriosus persistens ohne Thorakotomie*** (1967)

Beschreibung eines tierexperimentell erarbeiteten und erstmalig beim Menschen erfolgreich angewendeten Verfahrens zum permanenten Verschluß des Ductus arteriosus persistens ohne Thorakotomie. Der Eingriff erfolgt von der A. femoralis mit einer speziellen Kathetertechnik. Als Verschlußmaterial dient ein Schaumstoff aus Polyvinylalkohol.
Improved techniques for growth of large-area single-crystal Si sheets over SiO2 using lateral epitaxy by seeded solidification (1981)

Continuous single-crystal Si sheets over SiO2 with areas of several square centimeters have been produced from poly-Si films by the LESS technique (lateral epitaxy by seeded solidification). Seeding is achieved either with a narrow stripe opening in a recessed SiO2 layer on a single-crystal Si substrate or with an external single-crystal Si seed. N-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET’s) fabricated in these films exhibit surface electron mobilities as high as 700 cm2/V s.
Génomique fonctionnelle des mécanismes de sensibilité et de tolérance à l'atrazine chez la plante modèle Arabidopsis thaliana. (2009)

Poster
X Band MMIC direct 8 Phase Shift Keying modulator for high data rate earth observation applicaions (2000)

We present a new topology of 8 Phase Shift Keying modulator that allows achieving a very high accuracy of 0.4dB and 3° on the 8-8.4 GHz band in the -10°C to +55°C temperature range, with only one tuning voltage and a very low consumption. The device has been manufactured on the D02AH OMMIC GaAs PHEMT process but has been transposed to other FET foundries. This new topology is covered by a patent [1]. It has been transfered and improved by Alcatel Space Industries, to fit industrial quality requirements, in order to define a commercial product of high data rate transmission channel for micro-satellites.
Pipeline geometry pigging: application of strapdown INS (2002)

An autonomous pipeline pigging system has been developed for determining position, orientation, curvature, ovality, and deformations such as dents and wrinkles of operating pipelines. At the heart of this integrated system is a strapdown inertial measurement unit (SIMU), which is integrated with velocity and distance sensors, caliper sensors, weld detection system, and digital recording device. The Geometry pig (Geopig) is designed to operate continuously and autonomously for a week or longer in operating fluid or gas pipelines with diameters of 25-30 cm and larger. The design concepts, system integration, data Acquisition, processing, analysis, and database management are discussed. Results from a recently completed 335-km Arctic crude oil pipeline are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Precision of autokeratometry expressed as confidence ellipses in Euclidian 2-space (2000)

A number of studies have examined the repeatability or precision of keratometers. All studies have found exceptionally high precision in keratometry of the spherically equivalent proportion, while the joint variation in astigmatic direction and magnitude barely has been explored. The purpose of this study was to examine the simultaneous variation in astigmatic direction and magnitude between two single autokeratometries, using a Nidek ARK 2000-S autokeratorefractometer. A single autokeratometry was performed on two occasions on 50 right eyes of patients with cataracts. The precision was defined as the paired difference between these two measurements. Each net astigmatism was transformed to polar values, and uni- and bivariate polar value analysis was performed. Precision of autokeratometry, expressed as a mean difference and a 95% confidence area, was calculated as a confidence ellipse in Euclidian 2-space. The accompanying net astigmatisms with confidence perimeters were derived by point-for-point transformation from polar values. Clinical variability may overwhelmingly be attributed to patient-related factors and only to a small degree to autokeratometry itself. Clinicians should know the precision of their keratometers, both for daily use and in the planning and dimensioning of scientific studies. Our results indicate that a minimum number of 25 eyes in each group is necessary in order to detect a difference of 0.25 diopters in surgically induced astigmatism between two surgical techniques. Precision of keratometry can only be determined from polar values or similar entities and never by the use of net astigmatisms.
Enantiospecific Synthesis of (3R,4R)-1-Benzyl-4-fluoropyrrolidin-3-amine Utilizing a Burgess-Type Transformation (2019)

Manufacture of an EGFR inhibitor required the asymmetric synthesis of a key 3,4-trans-substituted pyrrolidine suitable for pilot-plant scale. The initial synthetic route utilized reagents and intermediates that posed safety concerns due to their energetic potential and then required supercritical fluid chromatography to access the desired single enantiomer. Burgess-type reagents provide tremendous utility in organic synthesis but see limited use on large scales because of their high cost and instability. Nevertheless, extensive process development led to a scale-friendly process where in situ formation of a Boc-Burgess reagent enabled access to a chiral cyclic sulfamate from inexpensive materials. ReactIR monitoring was used to study intermediate stability and enabled processing on a multikilogram scale. The sulfamate was converted to trans-3-fluoro-4-aminopyrrolidine 1 with complete stereospecificity. Intermediate crystallinity offered purity control points where byproducts and impurities were rejected, avoiding the need for chromatography.
Loss of KAI1 messenger RNA expression in both high-grade and invasive human bladder cancers. (1997)

The molecular mechanisms responsible for metastasis are not fully understood. Recently, expression of the KAI1 gene on human chromosome 11p11.2 was found to be down-regulated in metastatic prostate cancer cell lines compared with normal human prostate, suggesting that KAI1 may be a metastasis suppressor gene. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is reduced expression of KAI1 in late-stage bladder cancer. Sixty-six paraffin-embedded bladder tissue sections were analyzed for KAI1 mRNA by in situ hybridization. Nineteen of these were from patients with no histological evidence of bladder cancer, and 47 were from papillary transitional cell carcinomas (TCCs); of these, 16 were highly invasive. KAI1 mRNA was highly expressed in the specimens of normal bladder (11 of 11; 100%), inflammatory bladder (5 of 8; 63%), and noninvasive papillary TCCs of grades 1 and 2 (15 of 24; 63%), compared to grade 3 papillary TCCs (1 of 7; 14%) or invasive TCCs (1 of 16; 6%). The differences in expression between local and invasive disease were statistically significant (P </= 0.01, chi2 test). Our results suggest that down-regulation of KAI1 mRNA is significantly associated with invasive bladder cancer and that KAI1 may represent an invasion/metastasis suppressor gene in bladder cancer.
Comparative Analysis of Feature Selection-Based Machine Learning Techniques in Reservoir Characterization (2015)

Abstract Comparative study and analysis of the generalization performance and predictive capability of machine learning (ML) techniques in reservoir characterization and modeling is presented in this work by utilizing two distinct Oil well data sets. The performances of the ML techniques (artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector regression (SVR)) have been boosted by proposing a correlation-based feature selection approach which employs fewer datasets resulting in less computing time and processing power. Predictive accuracy of both ML techniques in permeability prediction has been improved as a result of the feature-selection approach. Furthermore, ANN shows superior performance in case of large dataset while SVR shows better performance in case of small dataset. The results of this work provide excellent insight and guidance to practitioners in improving ML performance and determining the most appropriate technique in cases of small and large datasets.
Error Estimation for Discrete Classification (2015)

The study of error estimation for discrete classifiers is a fertile topic, as analytical characterizations of performance are often possible due to the simplicity of the problem. This chapter provides the definitions and simple properties of the main error estimators for the discrete histogram rule, which is the most important example of a discrete classification rule. The error estimators discussed in the chapter include resubstitution error, leave-one-out error, cross-validation error, and bootstrap error estimator. A detailed analytical study of small-sample performance in terms of bias, deviation variance, RMS, and correlation coefficient between true and estimated errors is presented. The chapter illustrates the exact bias, deviation standard deviation, and RMS of resubstitution and leave-one-out, plotted as functions of the number of bins. For comparison, Monte-Carlo estimates of 10 repetitions of 4-fold cross-validation are also plotted. The chapter also presents a complete enumeration approach and analyses large-sample performance.
Glucocerebrosidase gene mutations in patients with type 2 Gaucher disease (2000)

Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, results from the inherited deficiency of the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Three clinical types are recognized: type 1, non-neuronopathic; type 2, acute neuronopathic; and type 3, subacute neuronopathic. Type 2 Gaucher disease, the rarest type, is progressive and fatal. We have performed molecular analyses of a cohort of 31 patients with type 2 Gaucher disease. The cases studied included fetuses presenting prenatally with hydrops fetalis, infants with the collodion baby phenotype, and infants diagnosed after several months of life. All 62 mutant glucocerebrosidase (GBA) alleles were identified. Thirty-three different mutant alleles were found, including point mutations, splice junction mutations, deletions, fusion alleles and recombinant alleles. Eleven novel mutations were identified in these patients: R131L, H255Q, R285H, S196P, H311R, c.330delA, V398F, F259L, c.533delC, Y304C and A190E. Mutation L444P was found on 25 patient alleles. Southern blots and direct sequencing demonstrated that mutation L444P occurred alone on 9 alleles, with E326K on one allele and as part of a recombinant allele on 15 alleles. There were no homozygotes for point mutation L444P. The recombinant alleles that included L444P resulted from either reciprocal recombination or gene conversion with the nearby glucocerebrosidase pseudogene, and seven different sites of recombination were identified. Homozygosity for a recombinant allele was associated with early lethality. We have also summarized the literature describing mutations associated with type 2 disease, and list 50 different mutations. This report constitutes the most comprehensive molecular study to date of type 2 Gaucher disease, and it demonstrates that there is significant phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity among patients with type 2 Gaucher disease. Hum Mutat 15:181-188, 2000. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Low Volume Invert Emulsions for Purple Nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus) Control (1990)

Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 1989 at Stoneville, MS to evaluate the efficacy of fluridone and MSMA applied at 0.3 and 1.0 kg ai ha -1 , respectively, either alone or in combination and with or without 0.1 M ammonium sulfate on purple nutsedge. The herbicides were applied at 19 L ha -1 in an oil-water, invert emulsion (low-volume) and at 187 L ha -1 in water with a nonionic surfactant (0.25% v/v) (high-volume). Purple nutsedge control with both herbicides alone or in combination was greater with the low-volume than with the high-volume application. Addition of MSMA to fluridone, or of ammonium sulfate to fluridone plus MSMA did not enhance purple nutsedge control over fluridone alone applied in low volume. The addition of ammonium sulfate to fluridone alone applied in low volume reduced purple nutsedge control.
Incidence of Pulmonary Hypertension in Haemoglobinopathic Patients without Left Ventricular Disfunction. (2005)

Abstract Incidence of Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) has been described in haemoglobinopathic patients, ranging from 10% to 50%, depending on age, therapy, coexisting left ventricular dysfunction (LVD) and classification of the disease. To determine whether PH can occurs in haemoglobinopathic patients in absence of overt LVD, we studied 1121 pts from 7 Thalassemia Centers in Italy(485 Thalassemia Major (TM), 458 thalassemia intermedia (TI), 178 Sickle Cell or Sickle Thalassemia Disease (SCD),49% males, mean age 30 yrs, range 13–56 yrs). In all pts echocardiographic (Echo) defined ejection fraction (EF%) was &amp;gt; 45% and clinically overt LVD was excluded. A cross-sectional Echo study was performed in order to detect PH that was prospectively defined as mild with tricuspid regurgitant jet velocity (TRV)of at least 2.5 m per second and defined as severe with a TRV&amp;gt; 3.5 m per second. Severe PH was observed in 9 pts, 3 with TM, in 6 with TI and in 1 patients with SCD. Mild PH occurs in 46 patients with TM, in 57 patients with TI and 11 pts with SCD. In the remaining patients, PH was in the normal range (TM 89,9%, TI 86,2% and SCD 93,2% of pts, respectively). In the whole group of hemoglobinopathic pts the incidence of PH (mild plus severe) range from 6.5 % to 13.8% of pts. PH (mild to severe) particularly affects pts with TI (13,8% of pts). Incidence of PH in TM, TI and SCD Tricuspid Regurgitant Jet Velocity Thal Major 485 pts Thal Int 458 pts SCD 178 pts % pts TRV&amp;lt;2.5 m/sec 436 (89.9%) 395 (86.2%) 166 (93.2%) 89% 2,5&amp;lt;TRV&amp;lt;3.5 m/sec 46 (9.4%) 57 (12.5%) 11 (6.2%) 10.1% TRV&amp;gt;3.5 m/sec 3 (0.6%) 6 (1.3%) 1 (0.9%) 0.9% Our data support a significant presence of PH in haemoglobinopathic pts (6.2 to 13,8%) even though well treated and without LVD. Considering the pathophisiology of haemoglobinopathies a specific consideration to PH in these diseases is required in order to establish a preventive and therapeutic approach.
A simple method to estimate the contribution of biological floc and reactor‐solution to mass transfer of oxygen in activated sludge processes (2005)

In this study, the mass transfer coefficient of biological floc (K(L)a(bf)) was estimated from the mass transfer coefficient of the mixed-liquor (K(L)a(f)) and the reactor-solution (K(L)a(e)). The biological floc resistance (BFR) and reactor-solution resistance (SR) were defined as the reciprocal of K(L)a(bf) and K(L)a(e), respectively, by applying the concept of serial-resistance originally presented in two-film theory (Lewis and Whitman (1924) Ind Eng Chem 16:1215-1220). The specific biological floc resistance (SBFR) was defined as biological floc resistance per unit biomass concentration. The data indicated that an activated sludge process yielding low BFR/MLR and BFR/SR tended to produce higher oxygen transfer efficiency. Surprisingly, the reactor-solution posed the same level of resistance as clean water in all experiments, except in a 5-day SRT, non-nitrifying, completely mixed activated sludge (CMAS) process run. Furthermore, SBFR successfully represented biological floc and showed a positive correlation to sludge volume index (SVI). In addition, SBFR/SR and oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE(f)) followed an exponential relationship for the complete data set. The method of separating the mixed-liquor into biological floc and reactor-solution improved the understanding of oxygen transfer under process conditions, without resorting to intrusive techniques or direct handling of fragile biological floc.
Online pedestrian tracking with multi-stage re-identification (2017)

Nowadays the task of tracking pedestrians is often addressed within a tracking-by-detection framework, which in most cases entails that the position of each target has been detected before tracking begins. However in some cases, a pedestrian who is being tracked may be obscured by other targets or obstacles, and during this period they may change their trajectory or speed (track drift), and sometimes such a target may leave the FOV (Field of View) [10] but appear again later. These temporary disappearances and absence of detections disrupt the work of the detectors to such an extent that there is a significant decline in performance. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to pedestrian tracking based on multi-stage re-identification. To deal with the problems discussed above, the proposed framework is comprised of a two-stage re-identification algorithm dealing with cases of track drift and re-entry into the FOV individually, in order to match the identities of lost and reappeared targets through a comparison of the affinities between their appearance, size and position, and also to update the status of re-identified targets through this assessment. The experimental results demonstrate that this framework can effectively handle complex temporary lost and re-entry situations with robustness, and that its performance is state of the art.