gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate-dependent protein kinase from bovine lung. Subunit structure and characterization of the purified enzyme. (1977)

cGMP-dependent protein kinase from bovine lung has been purified to homogeneity using 8-(2-aminoethyl)-amino adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate/Sepharose. Conditions for adsorption of holoenzyme to the affinity chromatography media followed by competitive ligand elution with cGMP have been determined. The holoenzyme of 150,000 molecular weight is composed of two 74,000 molecular weight subunits which are linked in part by disulfide bridges. Two moles of cGMP are bound per mol of holoenzyme compatible with 1 mol of cGMP/monomer. Dissociation of subunits does not occur upon cGMP binding and protein kinase activation. cGMP-dependent protein kinase has an isoelectric point of 5.4 and a Stokes radius of 50 A. The enzyme is asymmetric with an f/f0 of 1.42 and an axial ratio of 7.4. Determination of enzyme activity at varying concentrations of ATP revealed that cGMP increased the Vmax for ATP without significant effect on the Km. The purified enzyme was maximally active at 5 mM Mg2+; other divalent cations could not substitute for Mg2+. In the presence of Mg2+, strong inhibitory effects of other cations were observed with Mn2+, greater than Zn2+, greater than Co2+ greater than Ca2+. Although maximal cGMP-dependence was observed at pH 5.7 to 7.0, basal activity rose at higher pH values to approach activity observed with cGMP. A molecular model comparing cGMP-dependent protein kinase with cAMP-dependnet protein kinase is presented.
Analog implementation of seizure detection algorithm (2003)

An analog device for automated real-time detection and short-term prediction of epileptic seizures is described. In its basic form, the device utilizes a non-sorting analog percentile filtering to implement in analog form the FHS numerical seizure detection algorithm. The extensions and enhancements of the basic version of the device include (1) adjustment (individual adaptation) of the front-end filter for pre-processing the ECoG signal, or combining several filters in a 'filter bank' to increase the reliability of detection, (2) adjustment of the parameters of the analog percentile filter to emphasize desirable signal features, and (3) utilization of a multi-channel percentile filter module with adjustable parameters. The described device can easily satisfy size, weight, and power criteria applicable to portable and/or implantable devices and combines the robustness and reliability of a generic algorithm with an easy adjustment (adaptation) to individual patients. Development of such a device will translate into better care for persons with epilepsy in a cost effective manner by minimising risk of injury or sudden death and improving quality of life by freeing them to pursue normal activities, including work.
Characterization of myelination in the developing zebrafish (2002)

Myelination, the process by which glial cells ensheath and electrically insulate axons, has been investigated intensely. Nevertheless, knowledge of how myelination is regulated or how myelinating cells communicate with neurons is still incomplete. As a prelude to genetic analyses of these processes, we have identified zebrafish orthologues of genes encoding major myelin proteins and have characterized myelination in the larval zebrafish. Expression of genes corresponding to proteolipid protein (PLP/DM20), myelin protein zero (P0), and myelin basic protein (MBP) is detected at 2 days postfertilization (dpf), first in the ventral hindbrain, close to the midline. During the next 8 days, expression spreads rostrally to the midbrain and optic nerve, and caudally to the spinal cord. DM20 is expressed in the CNS only, while MBP transcripts are detected both in the CNS and in Schwann cells of the lateral line, cranial nerves, and spinal motor nerves. Unlike its closest homologue, trout IP1, zebrafish P0 transcripts were restricted to the CNS. Ultrastructurally, the expression of myelin genes correlated well with myelination, although myelination showed a temporal lag. Myelinated axons were first detected at 4 dpf in the ventral hindbrain, where they were loosely wrapped by processes of glia cells. By 7 dpf, bundles of heavily myelinated axons were observed in the same region. Axons in the lateral line and optic nerves were also surrounded by compact myelin. Conservation in gene expression patterns and the early appearance of myelinated axons, support using the zebrafish to dissect the process of myelination by a genetic approach.
Relationship between uterine veins, ureter, and hypogastric nerve for uterine transplantation: An anatomic study (2022)

Uterine transplantation is on the rise worldwide. In contrast to its arterial anatomy, venous drainage of the uterus is poorly defined in the literature. Our aim was to provide a standardized description of uterine veins through a multimodal approach to establish anatomical landmarks for the uterine transplantation surgeon. Data were obtained from: (1) an anatomical study of eight fresh female cadavers (16 hemipelves) studied separately by an extra fascial dissection from the iliac bifurcation to the uterine pedicle, with analysis of the urinary tract and nerve structures and (2) a virtual anatomical study from the Anatomage® Table comprising a high-fidelity virtual reconstruction of two deceased female subjects by imaging and anatomical methods. An inconstant duality of uterine veins was identified: a deep uterine vein of larger caliber and a superficial uterine vein observed in 25% of cases. A close relationship of the ureter passing posterior to the superficial uterine vein and anterior to the deep uterine vein was evident in the parametrium. The inferior hypogastric plexus was identified in all cases immediately behind the deep uterine vein. The data obtained from the fresh female cadavers were validated by the Anatomage® Table. We describe the close relationship of the uterine veins with the ureter and the inferior hypogastric plexus. This knowledge represents a surgical landmark to support the success of uterine transplantation by respecting both the graft and the safety of the living donor by limiting the risk of injuries during uterus procurement.
Mitigating Atmospheric Noise for Loran (2006)

With its large-amplitude and short-duration pulses, atmospheric noise, produced by electrical discharges within clouds, dominates the low-frequency spectrum. Unless mitigated, this noise, which enters into the Loran band, can distort a Loran signal within a receiver and can induce cycle selection errors resulting in range measurement errors of 3,000 km. Such errors would induce position errors greater than 556 m and would prevent the receiver from meeting the requirements for aircraft non-precision approach (NPA). In order to evaluate the effectiveness of Loran for nonprecision approach we needed to perform two tasks: 1) confirm that the standard model of atmospheric noise, ITU P372-7, despite its caveats against its use in the lowfrequency band is indeed valid for Loran, and 2) obtain raw data for use in evaluating non-linear signal processing techniques to mitigate the effects of atmospheric noise. To accomplish these tasks, we developed atmospheric noise collection equipment and fielded them in Norman, Oklahoma, a location of high storm activity. Since atmospheric noise can be several orders of magnitude larger than a weak Loran signal, our latest receiver design combines a high gain and low gain channel to provide 122 dB of dynamic range while having 12 bits of resolution for the Loran signal. This paper describes our work on verifying the accuracy of the ITU atmospheric noise model for both long-term and short-term noise. In addition, we extend the ITU model by showing a correlation between the predicted rms noise envelope field strength and the minimum voltage deviation of the noise. These results are important to determining the processing credit for non-linear signal processing. The processing credit can then be use to more accurately show the coverage and availability of Loran for aircraft non-precision approach (NPA).
Helical conformations, internal motion, and helix sense reversal in polyisocyanates and the preferred helix sense of an optically active polyisocyanate (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHelical conformations, internal motion, and helix sense reversal in polyisocyanates and the preferred helix sense of an optically active polyisocyanateShneior Lifson, Clifford E. Felder, and Mark M. GreenCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 16, 4142–4148Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00042a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00042a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views442Altmetric-Citations101LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graphene based scaffolds effects on stem cells commitment (2014)

Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms, arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal structure, with extraordinary electrical, thermal, and physical properties. Moreover, the molecular structure of graphene can be chemically modified with molecules of interest to promote the development of high-performance devices. Although carbon derivatives have been extensively employed in industry and electronics, their use in regenerative medicine is still in an early phase. Study prove that graphene is highly biocompatible, has low toxicity and a large dosage loading capacity. This review describes the ability of graphene and its related materials to induce stem cells differentiation into osteogenic, neuronal, and adipogenic lineages.
Structure–property relationship of polyetheramines as clay‐swelling inhibitors in water‐based drilling fluids (2012)

Abstract The influences of structure parameters of polyetheramines as clay‐swelling inhibitors in water‐based drilling fluids on the application performances were studied. Interactions of polyetheramines with clays were investigated through elemental analysis (EA), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results showed that lower molecular weight, hydrophobic oxypropylene segment, and plentiful amino group of polyetheramines favored improvement of inhibitive properties, enhancement of adsorption abilities, and expelling interlayer bound waters of clays (as confirmed by cutting rolling test, bentonite inhibition test, EA, XRD, and TGA studies). Simultaneously, the polyetheramines did not produce adverse effect to filtration control of the drilling fluids. In addition, XRD patterns revealed that these polyetheramines could intercalate into interlayer spaces of clays and display a monolayer arrangement. The corresponding basal spacing of clays was correlated only with molecular weight of polyetheramines. The dense loading of polyetheramines in the interlayer of clays was beneficial in improving inhibitive properties. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A 340 GHz MMIC 4&#x00D7; sub-harmonic mixer using silicon-based Schottky barrier diodes (2015)

The terahertz 4 × sub-harmonic down-mixer fabricated in standard 0.13μm SiGe BiCMOS Schottky barrier diodes is demonstrated. The 340 GHz sub-harmonic mixer (SHM) is designed based on anti-parallel-diode-pair (APDP). With the 4th harmonic, LO frequency of 85 GHz is used to pump the 340GHz SHM. With LO power of 9dBm, the mixer exhibits measured conversion loss of 39-43dB in the lower band (320-340 GHz) and 40-48dB in the upper band (340-360 GHz). The measured input 1dB conversion gain compression point is -10dBm at RF frequency of 325 GHz. LO-IF isolation is measured to be 32dB at 85 GHz. The chip occupies 550μm× 610μm including the testing pads.
Stress concentration at crossholes in thick cylindrical vessels (2004)

Elastic stress concentration factors (SCFs) for internally pressurized thick cylindrical vessels with radial and offset circular and elliptical crossholes are presented. Three forms of intersection between the crosshole and main bore are considered: plain, chamfered and blend radiused. The minimum SCF was found to occur for the plain intersection configuration, with the peak stress at the crotch corner between the main bore and crosshole on the longitudinal plane of symmetry. Incorporating a chamfer or blend radius at the intersection reduces the stress concentration at the main bore but introduces higher peak stress elsewhere in the chamfer or blend region.
Multisensory Immersive Experiences: A Pilot Study on Subjective and Instrumental Human Influential Factors Assessment (2022)

Recent technological advances have allowed for virtual reality applications to burgeon. With virtual reality (VR), so-called human influential factors play a crucial role in the final perceived immersive media experience (IMEx). While two individuals can use the same VR headset, play the same game in the same location, and have the same goals, the two individuals can have very different experiences, with varying perceptions of immersion, presence, realism, engagement, and cybersickness. This can be particularly true in multisensory immersive experiences where, in addition to audio-visual stimuli, olfactory and haptic feedback can be used. In this paper, we describe a pilot study in which a VR game was developed to combine audio-visual, olfactory, and haptic feedback to the user in real-time. After game play, participants were asked about their IMEx using five scales: realism, immersion, presence, engagement, and overall quality of experience (QoE). Moreover, using an instrumented VR headset we measure electroencephalography (EEG), electrocardiography (ECG), and electrooculography (EOG) signals and compute several instrumental measures of human influential factors, including an engagement index, arousal and valence indices, frontal alpha asymmetry, heart rate, several EEG sub-band powers, and eye blink rate. Using the subjective ratings, we measure the contribution that each IMEx subscale has on overall QoE, as a function of the type of sensory stimuli used. Results on 11 participants suggest very different contributions once smells and haptics are incorporated, relative to traditional audio-visual experiences. We also report on several instrumental measures that showed significant correlations with the IMEx subscales, suggesting that, in the future, real-time instrumental QoE measurement of multisensory experiences could be possible.
Design and fabrication of a single-mode and ultra-low loss hollow-core fiber based on Kagome-tubular hybrid lattice (2021)

We propose a hybrid Kagome-tubular lattice hollow-core fiber for ultra-low loss and single-mode operation. The fiber displays a minimum loss of 1.6dB/km at 1050nm and a higher- order modes extinction of 47dB for a 10m-long fiber.
A case of extragastrointestinal stromal tumor complicated by severe hypoglycemia: a unique presentation of a rare tumor (2016)

Non-Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic cause of hypoglycemia arising from excess tumor production of insulin-like growth factor. The objective of this report is to describe an unusual case of Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST) associated NICTH. A 64 year-old African female was brought to the emergency room with a 1-month history of recurrent syncope, weight loss, and abdominal bloating. Serum blood glucose was discovered to 39 mg/dL, when insulin, proinsulin, and C-peptide were suppressed. Computed tomography scan revealed a diffuse extraintestinal metastatic disease process, and a biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of an Extragastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (EGIST). IGF-I and II levels were 27 ng/ml and 262 ng/ml respectively, and the ratio of IGF-II to IGF-I was calculated as 9.7:1, suggestive of IGF-II-mediated NICTH. Acutely, the patient’s hypoglycemia resolved with dextrose and glucagon infusion. Long-term euglycemia was achieved with prednisone and imatinib therapy. NICTH should be considered when hypoglycemia occurs in the setting of low serum insulin levels. Whereas definitive treatment of EGIST involves surgical resection, immunotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors and corticosteroids have been shown to alleviate hypoglycemia in cases where surgery is delayed or not feasible.
Probing the C4-binding site on C1s with monoclonal antibodies. Evidence for a C4/C4b-binding site on the gamma-domain. (1989)

The catalytic site for C4 of C1s has been presumed to consist of a C4-binding domain and a proteolytic domain. A mAb to C1s, M81, blocked C4 activation and C4 binding to C1s. M81 recognized the H chain of C1s. Using M81 as a probe, we tried to define C4-binding site on C1s. Plasmin digestion of C1s generated four products of Mr 58,000 (P1), 48,000 (P2), 37,000 (P3), and 27,000 (P4). These products, except for P2, all possessed a 26,000-Da H chain fragment (26k-HF) connected to variable-sized L chain pieces. 26k-HF alone had an ability to interact with M81. Amino-terminal amino acid analysis of 26k-HF mapped the epitope for M81 to domain IV and/or V of gamma-domain of C1s. The gamma-domain therefore contains the C4-binding site. The confirm and further elucidate the role of the C4-binding site for C4, we used a substrate-blotting technique in which labeled C4 was incubated with nitrocellulose membrane-fixed C1s and its fragments. C4 was successfully blotted onto C1s and P1, but not P2-P4; i.e., further degradation of the L chain led to the loss of C4-binding. During the incubation, most of the added C4 was converted to C4b. The binding was augmented, if the proteolytic activity of C1s and P1 was blocked, so that the added C4 remained intact. Although C4b also bound to C1s and P1, its binding was less effective and abolished by the addition of cold C4. Based on these results, the gamma-domain and the L chain constitute the catalytic site of C1s to activate C4 to C4b. Moreover, the generated C4b, although it still has weak affinity for C1s, can be replaced by newly coming C4.
The Anti-angiogenic Activity of rPAI-123 Inhibits Fibroblast Growth Factor-2 Functions (2006)

Many angiogenesis inhibitors are breakdown products of endogenous extracellular matrix proteins. Plasmin and matrix metalloproteinase-3 generate breakdown products of matrix-bound plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). We produced a truncated form of PAI-1, rPAI-1(23), that possesses significant anti-angiogenic activity and stimulates high levels of apoptosis in quiescent arterial endothelial cells. Quiescent endothelial cells are less susceptible to apoptosis than angiogenic endothelial cells. The present study was designed to determine the mechanism of the rPAI-1(23) effects in bovine aortic endothelial cells. Apoptosis was measured in annexin V and caspase 3 assays. Expression of death and survival signaling molecules were examined by Western blot and kinase activity. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) functions were analyzed in angiogenesis assays. The early response to rPAI-1(23) was an increase in annexin V-positive cells and phosphorylated (p) JNK isoform expression followed by an increase in p-Akt and p-c-Jun expression. Caspase 3 was activated at 4 h, whereas p-Akt was reduced to control levels. By 6 h of rPAI-1(23) treatment cell number was reduced by 35%, and p-c-Jun and p-JNK were degraded by proteasomes. Confocal microscopic images showed increased amounts of FGF2 in the extracellular matrix. However, rPAI-1(23) blocked FGF2 signaling through FGF receptor 1 and syndecan-4, inhibiting cell migration, tubulogenesis, and proliferation. Exogenous FGF2 stimulation could not reverse these effects. We conclude that rPAI-1(23) stimulation of apoptosis in BAEC triggers a cascade of death versus survival events that includes release of FGF2. The rPAI-1(23) anti-angiogenic activity inhibits FGF2 pro-angiogenic functions by blocking FGF2 signaling through FGF receptor 1 and syndecan-4 and downstream effectors p-Akt, p-JNK, and p-c-Jun.
Immunological thought in the mainstream of cancer research: Past divorce, recent remarriage and elective affinities of the future (2012)

Immunological thought is exerting a growing effect in cancer research, correcting a divorce that occurred in the mainstream of the field decades ago just as cancer genetics began to emerge as a dominant movement. Today, with a general consensus on the significance of epigenetics, the inflammatory cancer microenvironment and the immune response in determining cancer pathophysiology, a new synthesis of thought is being spurred by a remarriage with cancer immunology, with great implications for the future of the field. This perspective offers a view on how this synthesis is impacting both the understanding and treatment of cancer using adjuvant immunomodulatory modalities in the context of surgical, radiotherapeutic and chemotherapeutic interventions which are present standards of care. With the revolutions in immunochemotherapy and immunoradiotherapy coming this decade, the next great challenge faced by the field will be how to identify simple, cost effective and broadly applicable solutions that do not rely deeply on personalized characters, in an effort to minimize the daunting complexity and costs of a problem that challenges not only physicians and patients but also health care systems and insurers caring for aging populations in the developed world.
Relationship between the two putatively compensatory functional connections of the left fusiform gyrus (L.FFG) seed. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;The scatterplot represents the relationships between the two L.FFG connections (one with R.MOG and another with R.MPFC). iFC = intrinsic Functional Connectivity, R.MOG = Right Middle Occipital Gyrus, R.MPFC = Right Medial Prefrontal Cortex, Dys-N = Dyslexia with No Remediation, Dys-R = Dyslexia with Reading Remediation, Dys-RS = Dyslexia with Reading and Spelling Remediation, TDC = Typically Developing Children, Dys = Dyslexia: The correlation between these two L.FFG connections was significantly negative across all groups, across dyslexia groups, and in the full remediation group.&lt;/p&gt;
Effects of crosstalk on photoresponse for mid-wavelength InSb infrared focal plane arrays (2010)

Effects of the electrical crosstalk on photoresponse for mid-wavelength InSb infrared focal plane arrays have been numerically studied under back-side illumination. In designing the 2D device model, for geometrical variables the mesa depth and the thickness of substrate are the key points, and for physical models the Poisson equation and continuity equations are taken into account. Our work shows that the crosstalk increases monotonously with the increase of mesa depth and the thickness of substrate. And the optimal values can be found to optimize the device structure.
Crystalluria from Acyclovir Use (2008)

A 60-year-old man with advanced HIV was admitted because of altered mental status, fever, and seizure-like activity. Two hours after the administration of acyclovir, his urine became cloudy and white.