gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Materials for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell (1996)

The research and development works on molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC)are being carried out worldwide as one of the most promising power generation systems for next generationFor the commercialization of MCFChoweverfurther improvements are necessary on MCFC technoloes including the stack lifetimeFrom ts point of view MCFC Research Associahonis conducting the development of new material technoloe5to achieve the longer stack life The basic stage of the development has almost been completed for each technoloand the verification of the aimed function is currently underway 1 1NTRODUCTION Fuel cellsnew power generation devices with ecolocally favorable featuresare being developed in many countries One of the most promising types of the fuel cells is the molten carbonate fuel cell(MCFC)and the operations of MCFC pilot and demonstration plants are scheduled in near fuhe in USA and IapanFor the commercialization of MCFC howeverthere are some technical issues left for challenge The MCFC is a high temperature device utihzing molten carbonates which are highly advantageous media in tes of theal and electrochemical properties Howeverthey also are very active and react with most of metallic and ceramic materialsBecause of this cell components of the MCFC reacts with the electrolyteresulting in the degradation of the cell performance during the operationln the case of currently available component materials the reacon rates are not small enough to maintain the fullction of the components for desired lifetimeOne of the technical issues to challenge in MCFC is the development of materials with much smaller reaction rate with the electrolyte In this articlecunnt stas of the development of new materials at the MCFC Research Association is summarized 2 MATERIAL PROBLEMSOF MCFC As shown in Fig1a unit cell of MCFC is composed of an electrolyte plate of a porous ceramicbody(exLiAIO2)with a carbonate(ex 1 ec010Research Associadon for Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Power Generation
EMBRYO TRANSFER IN THE SHEEP: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SYNCHRONIZING OESTRUS IN THE DONOR AND RECIPIENT ANIMAL (1966)

Summary. Morulae and blastocysts obtained from ewes 5, 7 and 9 days after oestrus were transferred to 120 recipients whose oestrous cycles were either synchronized or ± 2 or 3 days out of phase relative to the onset of oestrus in the donors. When synchronization was exact 75% of all recipients became pregnant. A high proportion of pregnancies were, in general, also obtained where the onset of oestrus in the recipient differed from that of the donor by ±2 days. With a difference of ±3 days, however, only 8 % of ewes became pregnant. The survival of 5-day morulae transferred to 7-day recipients was lower than when 9-day blastocysts were transferred to 11-day recipients. The results are discussed with reference to possible factors associated with early embryonic mortality.
Neurobehavioural sequelae of social deprivation in rodents revisited: Modelling social adversity for developmental neuropsychiatric disorders (2016)

The significance of investigating effects of deprivation of social experience in rodents is reviewed in the context of the review by Robbins et al. (1996) in the Journal of Psychopharmacology (10: 39-47). The early development of the paradigm by which rats were reared post-weaning in social isolation is described and compared with other early experience manipulations. The specification of the neural and behavioural phenotype of the isolate is brought up-to-date, focusing on changes in motivation and cognitive function, as well as on contrasting changes in the dopamine and serotonin systems, and in cortical (including hippocampal) structure and function. The relevance of the isolate for animal models of psychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia is reviewed, and it is considered that the paradigm best exemplifies a manipulation that can be applied to test effects of certain forms of social adversity during adolescence on brain development and behaviour.
Delayed enhancement cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies (2005)

Non-ischaemic cardiomyopathies (NICMs) are chronic, progressive myocardial diseases with distinct patterns of morphological, functional, and electrophysiological changes. In the setting of cardiomyopathy (CM), determining the exact aetiology is important because the aetiology is directly related to treatment and patient survival. Determining the exact aetiology, however, can be difficult using currently available imaging techniques, such as echocardiography, radionuclide imaging or X-ray coronary angiography, since overlap of features between CMs may be encountered. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has recently emerged as a new non-invasive imaging modality capable of providing high-resolution images of the heart in any desired plane. Delayed contrast enhanced CMR (DE-CMR) can be used for non-invasive tissue characterization and may hold promise in differentiating ischaemic from NICMs, as the typical pattern of hyperenhancement can be classified as 'ischaemic-type' or 'non-ischaemic type' on the basis of pathophysiology of ischaemia. This article reviews the potential of DE-CMR to distinguish between ischaemic and NICM as well as to differentiate non-ischaemic aetiologies. Rather than simply describing various hyperenhancement patterns that may occur in different disease states, our goal will be (i) to provide an overall imaging approach for the diagnosis of CM and (ii) to demonstrate how this approach is based on the underlying relationships between contrast enhancement and myocardial pathophysiology.
In vitro batch cultures of gut microbiota from healthy and ulcerative colitis (UC) subjects suggest that sulphate-reducing bacteria levels are raised in UC and by a protein-rich diet (2013)

Imbalances in gut microbiota composition during ulcerative colitis (UC) indicate a role for the microbiota in propagating the disorder. Such effects were investigated using in vitro batch cultures (with/without mucin, peptone or starch) inoculated with faecal slurries from healthy or UC patients; the growth of five bacterial groups was monitored along with short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. Healthy cultures gave two-fold higher growth and SCFA levels with up to ten-fold higher butyrate production. Starch gave the highest growth and SCFA production (particularly butyrate), indicating starch-enhanced saccharolytic activity. Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were the predominant bacterial group (of five examined) for UC inocula whereas they were the minority group for the healthy inocula. Furthermore, SRB growth was stimulated by peptone presumably due to the presence of sulphur-rich amino acids. The results suggest raised SRB levels in UC, which could contribute to the condition through release of toxic sulphide.
Noble-metal-free carbon nanotube-Cd0.1Zn0.9S composites for high visible-light photocatalytic H2-production performance (2012)

Visible light photocatalytic H(2) production from water splitting using solar light is of great importance from the viewpoint of solar energy conversion and storage. In this study, a novel visible-light-driven photocatalyst multiwalled carbon nanotube modified Cd(0.1)Zn(0.9)S solid solution (CNT/Cd(0.1)Zn(0.9)S) was prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. The prepared samples exhibited enhanced photocatalytic H(2)-production activity under visible light. CNT content had a great influence on photocatalytic activity and an optimum amount of CNT was determined to be ca. 0.25 wt%, at which the CNT/Cd(0.1)Zn(0.9)S displayed the highest photocatalytic activity under visible light, giving an H(2)-production rate of 78.2 μmol h(-1) with an apparent quantum efficiency (QE) of 7.9% at 420 nm, even without any noble metal cocatalysts, exceeding that of pure Cd(0.1)Zn(0.9)S by more than 3.3 times. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was due to CNT as an excellent electron acceptor and transporter, thus reducing the recombination of charge carriers and enhancing the photocatalytic activity. Furthermore, the prepared sample was photostable and no photocorrosion was observed after photocatalytic recycling. Our findings demonstrated that CNT/Cd(0.1)Zn(0.9)S composites were a promising candidate for the development of high-performance photocatalysts in photocatalytic H(2) production. This work not only shows a possibility for the utilization of low cost CNT as a substitute for noble metals (such as Pt) in the photocatalytic H(2)-production but also for the first time shows a significant enhancement in the H(2)-production activity by using metal-free carbon materials as effective co-catalysts.
ADSORPTION BEHAVIOR OF EGGSHELL MODIFIED POLYALTHIA LONGIFOLIA LEAF BASED ALUMINA AS A NOVEL ADSORBENTS FOR FLUORIDE REMOVAL FROM DRINKING WATER (2015)

The present study reveals about the fluoride removal from drinking water by means of absorption through the Egg shell modified Polyalthia longifolia leaf based alumina (PBA+ES) technique. Various method were employed to characterize the adsorption mechanism such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).The fluoride removal capacity of PBA+ES adsorbents were investigated in batch studies, column and domestic defluoridation performance for drinking water. The Results of the experiment concluded that the batch adsorption studies show high efficiency for removal of fluoride. The pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order and intra particle diffusion kinetic models were applied to verify the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order equation and the equilibrium data was attained by Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of PBA+ES was 20.62 mg/g. The five sorption-desorption cycles exhibited for regeneration where the results of the thermodynamic study reveals about the nature of the adsorption process to be spontaneous and endothermic. For on-field and domestic application, the adsorbent performance was studied in a fixed bed column and household water filter. It is also noticed that PBA+ES is efficient, easy, captive method used for the fluoride removal from the contaminated water. The present study suggest about the simple, effective, suitable method for fluoride removal from contaminated water.
Depression in rheumatoid arthritis. (1988)

Operationalized diagnostic criteria for depression were used to assess 137 (76% male, 24% female) patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Forty-two percent met criteria for some form of depression. Discriminant function analysis revealed a significant relationship between the presence or history of depression and higher levels of pain, but not between current depression and common indicators of RA activity or severity. These results suggest that depression is a frequent disorder among persons with RA. The importance of patient appraisal of disease and assessment of repeated depressive episodes is discussed. Attention to specific interventions for depression in conjunction with the treatment of the RA is suggested.
La 65e session de l'Institut de droit international - Bâle 1991: Introduction et questions de droit international public (1991)

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Power Allocation for Type-I ARQ Two-Hop Cooperative Networks for Ultra-Reliable Communication (2019)

We analyze the performance of amplify-and-forward (AF) automatic repeat request (ARQ) for a two-hop cooperative system with reliability constrains. For this setup, we first derive the closed-form outage probability expression. Next, we present a power allocation scheme that allows us to achieve a target outage probability, while minimizing the outage-weighted average power expenditure for asymmetric power allocation between the source and relay. This is cast as an optimization problem, and the optimal power allocation (OPA) is obtained in closed form by invoking the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. We evaluate numerically the OPA strategy between different AF-ARQ transmission rounds and we show that the proposed scheme provides large power gains with respect to the optimized point-to-point ARQ scheme, as well as with respect to the equal power allocation (EPA) strategy.
Conformation Control of Oligosilanes Based on Configurationally Constrained Bicyclic Disilane Units (2000)

The dihedral angles of Si-Si-Si-Si frameworks were controlled to ∼10°(S), 180°(A), and ∼120°(E) by the use of the syn- and anti-disilane units that are configurationally constrained by two pentamethylene tethers. The UV absorption spectra of the tetrasilanes (see picture) were found to be consistent with the new explanation proposed by Michl and co-workers for the UV absorption of polysilane compounds.
HyperLogLog: the analysis of a near-optimal cardinality estimation algorithm (2007)

This extended abstract describes and analyses a near-optimal probabilistic algorithm, HYPERLOGLOG, dedicated to estimating the number of \emphdistinct elements (the cardinality) of very large data ensembles. Using an auxiliary memory of m units (typically, "short bytes''), HYPERLOGLOG performs a single pass over the data and produces an estimate of the cardinality such that the relative accuracy (the standard error) is typically about $1.04/\sqrt{m}$. This improves on the best previously known cardinality estimator, LOGLOG, whose accuracy can be matched by consuming only 64% of the original memory. For instance, the new algorithm makes it possible to estimate cardinalities well beyond $10^9$ with a typical accuracy of 2% while using a memory of only 1.5 kilobytes. The algorithm parallelizes optimally and adapts to the sliding window model.
Exploring the potential of peach (Prunus Persica L.) nut-shells as a sustainable alternative to traditional aggregates in lightweight concrete (2023)

This study investigates the potential application of peach shells as lightweight aggregates in the production of non-structural lightweight concrete (LWC). The recycling and reutilization of agri-food waste presents an opportunity to address the challenges associated with waste disposal and limit the exploitation of natural resources, contributing to sustainable development goals and combatting climate change. The peach shells were subjected to heat treatment at various temperatures (160, 200, and 240 °C) to reduce the hydrophilicity of the cellulose fraction, and their chemical and physical properties were examined in relation to the performance of lightweight concrete, in terms of density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity. Two binding mixtures, one with lime only (mixture “a”) and the other with both lime and cement (mixture “b”), were studied. The experimental results indicated that the prepared lightweight concrete specimens exhibited better performance as the roasting temperature increased, starting from 200 °C. Conversely, specimens prepared with peach shells roasted at 160 °C exhibited a decreased performance compared to those prepared with only air-dried peach shells. Samples prepared with the mixture “a” have better insulating properties and lower density, but lower mechanical resistance. The enhanced properties observed in the lightweight concrete specimens prepared with higher roasting temperatures highlight the potential of utilizing peach shells as an effective and sustainable alternative to traditional lightweight aggregates.
Preparation and Solid State Characterization of Paclitaxel Cocrystals (2014)

Objective of the present study is to prepare a co crystal of paclitaxel with improved solubility and bio availability.
Paclitaxel is poorly water soluble and low bioavailable drug, this low oral bioavailability is mainly due to poor aqueous solubility and by the high affinity of paclitaxel for P-gp This research work foresees the advantages of co-crystal technology towards the enhancement of paclitaxel solubility and there by its bioavailability. Two sets of coformers were selected based on their chemical nature, using suitable cocrystal preparation techniques various batches of paclitaxel cocrystals were prepared and subjected to solid state characterization to determine the crystal structure of the cocrystals, as this can provide significant new insights into how the drug and coformer interact, and thereby provide an excellent crystal
engineering guide to new cocrystals, potentially with improved properties. Instruments like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction will be used to determine their stability, and any phase transformations (including decomposition) which they might undergo as a function of temperature. Principle involved in the formation of cocrystal is hydrogen bonding between C=O and N-H group of drug and COOH groups of coformers, which is confirmed by FTIR data and DSC experiments were carried out to study the melting point and heat of enthalpy of the cocrystals. Results clearly shows that the melting point of the cocrystals were increased which confirms the formation of cocrystals. The drug and formation of cocrystals are explained by the X-ray powder diffraction patterns. The PXRD patterns of pure drug showed sharp well defined peaks(spectrum attached) and cocrystals PXRD patterns shows that there is a significant differences in the entire diffraction pattern, changes in peak locations with respect to pure drug indicates change in arrangement of molecules, hence conforms the development of new crystalline phase.
Continuous-wave operation of 1.5 μm distributed-feedback ridge-waveguide lasers (1984)

CW operation of 1.5 μm ridge-waveguide DFB lasers is reported for the first time. The ridge-waveguide DFB laser structure offers the prospect of high modulation speeds due to the absence of parasitic capacitances associated with reverse-biased current-blocking layers. These devices also represent the first report of CW operation of DFB lasers fabricated using the hybrid LPE/MOCVD crystal-growth technique and also of DFB lasers with gratings produced by electron-beam lithography.
Ascorbate-enhanced chondrogenesis of ATDC5 cells (2006)

The ATDC5 cell line exhibits the multistep chondrogenic differentiation observed during endochondral bone formation. However, it takes up to two months to complete the process of cell expansion, insulin addition to promote differentiation and further changes in culture conditions effectively to induce hypertrophy. We sought to produce consistent chondrogenesis with significant hypertrophic differentiation with simpler conditions in a more practical time period. By adding ascorbate, the prechondrogenic proliferation phase was shortened from 21 to 7 days, with production of cartilaginous nodules during the chondrogenic phase, after insulin addition, that were greater in number and larger in size. Immunohistochemistry indicated much greater matrix elaboration and the mRNA expression of sox9, aggrecan and collagen type II were all significantly increased earlier and to a much higher degree when compared with controls. Moreover, there was a robust induction of hypertrophy: Col10a1, Runx2 and Mmp13 were all induced within 7-10 days. In conclusion, addition of ascorbate to ATDC5 cultures shortened the prechondrogenic proliferation phase, produced earlier chondrogenic differentiation, heightened gene expression and robust hypertrophic differentiation, abrogating the need for extended culture times and the changes in culture conditions. This simple modification considerably enhances the practicality of this cell line for studies of chondrogenesis.
Metrology and methodology of system level ESD testing (2002)

Parameters which cause the poor reproducibility of system level ESD tests have been identified: simulator calibration methodology and insufficient simulator specifications. Results of round robin tests performed at three laboratories are reported. A better calibration methodology for ESD current measurement and additional simulator specifications for output current and radiated fields are proposed.
Performance analysis and control of a novel 7‐level active neutral point clamped (ANPC) topology (2023)

Abstract This paper introduces a novel 7‐level active neutral‐point clamped (ANPC) switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) with voltage‐boosting capabilities. The proposed converter can produce seven levels and a voltage boosting of 1.5 times with a single dc source. For boosting the voltage, two self‐balanced switched capacitors and two dc link capacitors with active neutral point are used with nine switches. For controlling the output voltage, the level‐shifted modulation technique and modified nearest level control technique is used. The performance of the converter is evaluated with both modulation techniques. The operation of the proposed SCMLI and the design of capacitors for the proposed circuit is discussed in detail. The proposed topology can eliminate the leakage current and has reduced voltage stress across switches which makes it suitable for solar photovoltaic applications. The proposed converter is compared with some other recently introduced converters in terms of voltage gain, the number of components used, and the voltage stress across the switches. For verifying the performance of the proposed circuit, the experimental and simulation results are presented in the paper. The experimental results closely agree with the simulation and theoretical studies. The total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage and efficiency is compared with both modulation techniques.
Potential of prospective medicinal plants of Rhizophoraceae from North Kalimantan, Indonesia (2023)

Abstract. Egra S, Kuspradini H, Kusuma IW, Batubara I, Imra, Nurjannah, Wahyuni E, Yamauchi K, Mitsunaga T. 2023. Potential of prospective medicinal plants of Rhizophoraceaefrom North Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1346-1355. The abundance of mangrove forests in the equatorial region necessitates proper management, including the sustainable use of plant parts for functional products such as food, medicine, etc. This study aimed to assess the medicinal potential of five mangrove plants through phytochemical analysis, antibacterial assays against Streptococcus sobrinus, DPPH free radicals, and toxicity assay using Artemia salina L., Bruguiera parviflora(Roxb.) Wight and Arn. ex Griff, Bruguiera cylindrica(L.) Blume, Ceriops tagal(Perr.). The plants used were Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob, Rhizophora mucronata Poir, and Rhizophora apiculata Blume. Plant samples were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol in that order, and then the obtained plant extracts were subjected to various assays. The results showed that B. cylindrica wood and C. tagal leaf extract had the highest antibacterial activity, with more than 50% relative inhibition. The C. tagal leaf methanolic extract had the highest antioxidant activity, by 91% relative inhibition. Followed by R. mucronata wood ethyl acetate extract and B. parviflora leaf methanolic extract, with 87% and 86%, respectively. The highest value in the cytotoxicity assay was discovered in the B. cylindrica in the very strong category with an LC50value of 22.9 µg/mL. The present study revealed the potential of mangrove plant extracts to have strong antibacterial, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties.
Case 38-2014 (2014)

An 87-year-old man presented with a sore throat, hoarseness, fatigue, and periorbital and facial swelling. He had a creatine kinase level of 2713 U per liter and an aspartate aminotransferase level of 90 U per liter. A diagnostic test result was received.
Behavior of the Kinetoplast of Leishmania tarentolae upon Cell Rupture* (1968)

SYNOPSIS. The kinetoplast of L. tarentolae remains attached to the basal body upon cell rupture by detergent lysis, sonication, or hypotonic lysis in 0.02 M Tris buffer (pH 7.9) at 0–4 C. Hypotonic lysis in 0.02 M Tris‐HCl‐2 mM EDTA at 0–4 C and application of mild shearing forces bring about release of most of the swollen kinetoplasts. The kinetoplast DNA can be seen in phase contrast microscopy as a dark mass contiguous to the kinetoplast membrane directly opposite the basal body. Upon return to isotonic media, the kinetoplast shrinks; the membranes of such kinetoplasts are impermeable to added DNAase.