gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multichromic Vanadium Pentoxide Thin Films Through Ultrasonic Spray Deposition (2021)

Vanadium pentoxide (V 2 O 5 ) is a highly promising material for optoelectronic applications due to its wide optical band gap, significant thermal/chemical stability, and intriguing multichromic properties. Nonetheless, the production of uniform and crack-free V 2 O 5 thin films over large areas via conventional deposition methods remain to be a challenge. In this work, we demonstrate deposition of microscopically uniform, large area (15 cm × 15 cm), nanocrystalline and multichromic V 2 O 5 thin films onto fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates via ultrasonic spray deposition (USD) method. Thin-film formation behavior, microstructural and optoelectronic properties of the deposited films were investigated as a function of post-deposition annealing temperature. Electrochromic performance of the fabricated films up to an area of 15 cm × 15 cm was monitored using cyclic voltammetry (CV), where 3 different coloration states of V 2 O 5 were observed under different applied potentials. Electrochromic devices fabricated with the deposited V 2 O 5 thin films were found to be stable up to 1000 cycles. Results presented herein provide a new roadmap for the large area deposition of V 2 O 5 through USD method, which can be readily extended to a vast number of other functional metal oxide systems.
Interaction of the Phosphotyrosine Interaction/Phosphotyrosine Binding-related Domains of Fe65 with Wild-type and Mutant Alzheimer's β-Amyloid Precursor Proteins (1997)

The two tandem phosphotyrosine interaction/phosphotyrosine binding (PID/PTB) domains of the Fe65 protein interact with the intracellular region of the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP). This interaction, previously demonstrated in vitro and in the yeast two hybrid system, also takes place in vivo in mammalian cells, as demonstrated here by anti-Fe65 co-immunoprecipitation experiments. This interaction differs from that occurring between other PID/PTB domain-containing proteins, such as Shc and insulin receptor substrate 1, and activated growth factor receptors as follows: (i) the Fe65-APP interaction is phosphorylation-independent; (ii) the region of the APP intracellular domain involved in the binding is larger than that of the growth factor receptor necessary for the formation of the complex with Shc; and (iii) despite a significant similarity the carboxyl-terminal regions of PID/PTB of Fe65 and of Shc are not functionally interchangeable in terms of binding cognate ligands. A role for Fe65 in the pathogenesis of familial Alzheimer's disease is suggested by the finding that mutant APP, responsible for some cases of familial Alzheimer's disease, shows an altered in vivo interaction with Fe65.
Horizontal Order Picker Driven by a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (2008)

Direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) directly convert liquid methanol into electric energy. In addition to the very high energy density of methanol, the DMFC is characterized by easy handling and unproblematic refuelling. Direct methanol fuel cells are attractive for various applications, for example as replacements for batteries or accumulators, since DMFC systems permit longer operating times due to the high energy density of methanol. A market analysis was performed to find the best commercial application for the future. The results of this market analysis show that the best potential for systems lies in the material handling sector. Therefore, a DMFC system was designed for a horizontal order picker. In this paper, the system will be described in terms of process engineering and hybridization. For hybridization, the focus is on the used energy storage. The control strategy of the DMFC system was also described.
Mass spectral study of organic sulfur in the polymeric matrix of coal. [Quarterly] technical report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 (1992)

This report reviews the second quarter progress of a new project to examine the chemical environment of organic sulfur in the polymeric matrix of Illinois coal by laser desorption mass spectrometry inside a modified ion trap mass spectrometer. This project is developing new laser desorption and ionization schemes for coal which preserve the polymeric matrix, will compare mass spectra of whole coal with its separated macerals, and will analyze organic sulfur in the polymeric matrix of coal.
The behavior of H2O and CO2 in high-temperature lead borate solution calorimetry of volatile-bearing phases (1994)

High-temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry with molten 2PbO{center_dot} B{sub 2}O{sub 3} as a solvent can be used for determining enthalpies of formation of carbonates and hydrous silicates. Under conditions of gas flow at 1-2 cm{sup 3}/s, all H{sub 2}O and CO{sub 2} is expelled from the solvent, leading to a reproducible final thermodynamic state. Both analytical data and a number of thermodynamic cycles show that, under these conditions, the volatiles neither dissolve in nor interact energetically with the melt. 27 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.
Caracterização estrutural e funcional da interação entre a chaperona alfaB-cristalina e a tirosina-fosfatase Shp2 (2016)

O estudo de circuitos de sinalizacao celular ativados frente a estimulos fisiopatologicos constitui uma importante fronteira na pesquisa da patogenese da hipertrofia e insuficiencia cardiacas. Estudos anteriores do nosso laboratorio investigaram a participacao de proteinas como Shp2, uma tirosino-fosfatase que e critica para a sinalizacao hipertrofica de miocitos cardiacos, e CryAB (?B-Crystalina), uma chaperona altamente expressa no coracao, que protege FAK contra degradacao e promove a sobrevivencia celular. O presente estudo demonstrou que a CryAB se associa com Shp2 e reduz sua atividade catalitica em miocitos cardiacos estirados. CryAB interage diretamente com Shp2 in vitro e em celulas vivas, como mostrado pelas tecnicas de imunoprecipitacao, pull-down, FLIM-FRET e cross-linking acoplado a espectrometria de massas. Tecnicas de docking e modelagem molecular demonstraram que os dominios PTP e NSH2 da Shp2 fazem contatos no dominio alfa-cristalino da CryAB oligomerica, mantendo a estrutura autoinibida da Shp2. Somente o oligomero de CryAB, mas nao o dimero, e capaz de reduzir a atividade fosfatase da Shp2 de maneira dose dependente, como mostrado por meio da quantificacao da atividade tirosina fosfatase da Shp2 na presenca destas proteinas. Miocitos ventriculares de ratos neonatos (MVRNs) em cultura apresentam, mediante estiramento, uma robusta associacao CryAB/Shp2 e reduzida atividade tirosina fosfatase de Shp2. Adicionalmente, MVRNs submetidos a silenciamento de CryAB seguido de estiramento exibiram uma atividade de Shp2 aumentada. Os resultados indicam que a CryAB pode atuar como modulador da atividade da Shp2 em miocitos cardiacos submetidos a estresse mecânico. 
Abstract
Glandular Lesions of the Uterine Cervix (1997)

Endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) is believed to be a precursor of invasive disease; however, the biologic behavior of endocervical glandular "atypias" (GAs) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential role of GA as a precursor of adenocarcinoma by assessment of the human papillomavirus (HPV) status of glandular lesions. We analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) 69 cases within a spectrum of endocervical glandular lesions encompassing invasive adenocarcinoma (IACA: 20 cases), AIS (21 cases), adenosquamous carcinoma (ASqCA: eight cases) and GA (20 cases) for HPV DNA sequences. Cervical adenocarcinoma is often associated with neoplastic squamous lesions (SL). In this study, after exclusion of AsqCA, 29 (47.5%) of 61 cases of endocervical glandular lesions were associated with an SL. The rate of HPV detection was not statistically different in adenocarcinoma with or without an SL (73.3% vs. 61.5%, respectively). In contrast, 64.3% of GAs with an SL (nine of 14 cases) were HPV positive, while only 16.7% of GAs without an SL (one of six cases) were positive. These findings suggest that HPV was preferentially associated with the concomitant SL rather than the GA. To localize the HPV sequences within the lesions, eight of the nine HPV-positive GAs with an SL were analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH). Four cases were positive by ISH and showed hybridization of the probe only in the nuclei of squamous epithelial cells; in no lesion did the probe localize to the glandular epithelium. In our study, HPV Infection of the glandular epithelium of GAs unassociated with an SL appeared to be an uncommon event. None of the GAs were associated with low- or intermediate-risk HPV, and only the GA (which was high grade) unassociated with an SL contained a high-risk virus type. The possibility must be considered that pathogenetic mechanisms for squamous intraepithelial lesions may be different from those responsible for intraperitoneal glandular lesions.
Harnessing Mechanistic Knowledge on Beneficial Versus Deleterious IFN-I Effects to Design Innovative Immunotherapies Targeting Cytokine Activity to Specific Cell Types (2014)

Type I interferons (IFN-I) were identified over 50 years ago as cytokines critical for host defense against viral infections. IFN-I promote anti-viral defense through two main mechanisms. First, IFN-I directly reinforce or induce de novo in potentially all cells the expression of effector molecules of intrinsic anti-viral immunity. Second, IFN-I orchestrate innate and adaptive anti-viral immunity. However, IFN-I responses can be deleterious for the host in a number of circumstances, including secondary bacterial or fungal infections, several autoimmune diseases, and, paradoxically, certain chronic viral infections. We will review the proposed nature of protective versus deleterious IFN-I responses in selected diseases. Emphasis will be put on the potentially deleterious functions of IFN-I in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, and on the respective roles of IFN-I and IFN-III in promoting resolution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. We will then discuss how the balance between beneficial versus deleterious IFN-I responses is modulated by several key parameters including (i) the subtypes and dose of IFN-I produced, (ii) the cell types affected by IFN-I, and (iii) the source and timing of IFN-I production. Finally, we will speculate how integration of this knowledge combined with advanced biochemical manipulation of the activity of the cytokines should allow designing innovative immunotherapeutic treatments in patients. Specifically, we will discuss how induction or blockade of specific IFN-I responses in targeted cell types could promote the beneficial functions of IFN-I and/or dampen their deleterious effects, in a manner adapted to each disease.
Bacterial identification in real samples by means of Micro-Raman Spectroscopy (2011)

Pathogen detection is essential without time delay especially for severe diseases like sepsis. Here, the survival rate is dependent on a prompt antibiosis. For sepsis three hours after the onset of shock the survival rate of the patient drops below 60 %. Unfortunately, the results from standard diagnosis methods like PCR or microbiology can normally be received after 12 or 36 h, respectively. Therefore diagnosis methods which require less cultivation or even no cultivation at all have to be established for medical diagnosis. Here, Raman spectroscopy, as a vibrational spectroscopic method, is a very sensitive and selective approach and monitors the biochemical composition of the investigated sample. Applying micro-Raman spectroscopy allows for a spatial resolution below 1 μm and is therefore in the size range of bacteria. Raman spectra of bacteria depend on the physiological status. Therefore, the databases require the inclusion of the necessary environmental parameters such as temperature, pH, nutrition, etc. Such large databases therefore require a specialized chemometric approach, since the variation between different strains is small. In this contribution we will demonstrate the capability of Raman spectroscopy to identify pathogens without cultivation even from real environmental or medical samples.
Development of instrumentation for surface, interface and thin film science at the Advanced Photon Source. Final Technical Report for period September 15, 1994 - September 14, 2000 (2000)

The P.I. and his research term successfully used the funds from the DOE Instrumentation grant entitled ''Development of Instrumentation for Surface, Interface and Thin Film Science at the Advanced Photon Source'' to design, build, test, and commission a customized surface science x-ray scattering/spectroscopy chamber. This instrumentation, which is presently in use at an APS x-ray undulator beam line operated by the DuPont-Northwestern-Dow Collaborative Access Team, is used for x-ray measurements of surface, interface, thin film, and nano-structures.
Blind equalization using the constant modulus criterion: a review (1998)

This paper provides a tutorial introduction to the constant modulus (CM) criterion for blind fractionally spaced equalizer (FSE) design via a (stochastic) gradient descent algorithm such as the constant modulus algorithm (CMA). The topical decisions utilized in this tutorial can be used to help catalog the emerging literature on the CM criterion and on the behavior of (stochastic) gradient descent algorithms used to minimize it.
Intracerebroventricular Streptozotocin Induces Obesity and Dementia in Lewis Rats (2017)

Icv-STZ treated Lewis rats develop severe dementia associated with obesity and peripheral metabolic abnormalities. This animal model may be useful for exploring the pathophysiological relationship between obesity and dementia and provides a new tool for development of effective therapy.
Immune Responses Stimulated by Percutaneous and Intradermal Bacille Calmette-Guerin (1996)

Healthy volunteers were randomized to receive percutaneous or intradermal bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination. Delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) to tuberculin, as well as proliferative and interferon-gamma responses in peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by whole cell lysates and culture filtrates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, were compared before and after vaccination. Positive DTH reactions were detected in 83% of intradermal and 40% of percutaneous BCG recipients 3 months after vaccination (P < .004). M. tuberculosis-specific proliferation was increased after intradermal BCG (P < .01) but not after percutaneous BCG compared with prevaccination responses. In addition, M. tuberculosis-specific interferon-gamma production was increased after intradermal BCG compared with both prevaccination responses (P < .04) and those measured after percutaneous BCG (P < .05). Predominant immune responses stimulated by BCG were directed against antigens present in mycobacterial whole cell lysate. These results indicate that the BCG vaccination route can affect both in vivo and in vitro immune responses.
A practical failure prediction with location and lead time for Blue Gene/P (2010)

Analyzing, understanding and predicting failure is of paramount importance to achieve effective fault management. While various fault prediction methods have been studied in the past, many of them are not practical for use in real systems. In particular, they fail to address two crucial issues: one is to provide location information (i.e., the components where the failure is expected to occur on) and the other is to provide sufficient lead time (i.e., the time interval preceding the time of failure occurrence). In this paper, we first refine the widely-used metrics for evaluating prediction accuracy by including location as well as lead time. We, then, present a practical failure prediction mechanism for IBM Blue Gene systems. A Genetic Algorithm based method is exploited, which takes into consideration the location and the lead time for failure prediction. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this mechanism by means of real failure logs and job logs collected from the IBM Blue Gene/P system at Argonne National Laboratory. Our experiments show that the presented method can significantly improve fault management (e.g., to reduce service unit loss by up to 52.4%) by incorporating location and lead time information in the prediction.
Operational Stability of Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2012)

Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are considered in technological applications for which low cost or mechanical flexibility are crucial factors. The environmental stability of the organic semiconductors used in OFETs has improved to a level that is now sufficient for commercialization. However, serious problems remain with the stability of OFETs under operation. The causes for this have remained elusive for many years. Surface potentiometry together with theoretical modeling provide new insights into the mechanisms limiting the operational stability. These indicate that redox reactions involving water are involved in an exchange of mobile charges in the semiconductor with protons in the gate dielectric. This mechanism elucidates the established key role of water and leads in a natural way to a universal "stress function", describing the stretched exponential-like time dependence ubiquitously observed. Further study is needed to determine the generality of the mechanism and the role of other mechanisms.
Using Chemical Genetics and ATP Analogues To Dissect Protein Kinase Function (2007)

Protein kinases catalyze the transfer of the gamma-phosphate of ATP to a protein substrate and thereby profoundly alter the properties of the phosphorylated protein. The identification of the substrates of protein kinases has proven to be a very difficult task because of the multitude of structurally related protein kinases present in cells, their apparent redundancy of function, and the lack of absolute specificity of small-molecule inhibitors. Here, we review approaches that utilize chemical genetics to determine the functions and substrates of protein kinases, focusing on the design of ATP analogues and protein kinase binding site mutants.
Animal Welfare Issues and Lameness (2014)

This information was presented at the 2011 Herd Health and Nutrition Conferences, organized by the PRO-DAIRY program in the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences at Cornell University. This conference provides an opportunity for dairy producers, veterinarians, feed industry representatives and agriservice personnel to increase their knowledge of current herd health and nutrition management techniques while interacting with other professionals. Full conference proceedings may be purchased online at http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/dm/proceedings_orders.html.
Intermodulation crosstalk from silicon microring modulators in wavelength-parallel photonic networks-on-chip (2010)

We experimentally characterize the intermodulation crosstalk incurred by wavelength-parallel optical signals using a silicon microring resonator electro-optic modulator. We measure corresponding bit-error-rates and record eye diagrams, observing signal integrity degradation for varying wavelength channel spacing.
First VIKING results: magnetic field measurements (1988)

The VIKING spacecraft carries a high-resolution Magnetic Field Experiment for the operational purpose of determining spacecraft attitude and to fulfill the scientific objectives of providing magnetic-field measurements necessary for the determination of particle pitch angles, identification of geospace boundaries, and the study of magnetospheric current systems and plasma processes. This experiment includes a fluxgate magnetometer system with the sensors mounted on a 2-m boom. It has 4 automatically switchable ranges from ± 1024 nT to ± 65 536 nT (full scale) and resolutions commensurate with a 13-bit A/D converter in each range (± 0.125 nT to ± 8 nT). Approximately 53 vector samples/sec are acquired. The fast sampling rate of this instrument provides a spatial resolution of 12 m in the lower ionosphere when the measurements are mapped down from the apogee altitude. Transverse magnetic field perturbations are readily observed with this instrument which identify the large-scale auroral and cusp-region Birkeland current systems. A sharp gradient was detected in the dayside region near apogee and 08:40 MLT during a pass on March 25, 1986 which has been interpreted as an earthward flowing Birkeland current of 8 μA/m2. When projected to ionospheric altitudes, it is estimated that this current density is 200 μA/m2. This unusually intense current may be similar to the intense earthward flowing Birkeland current associated with a conductivity gradient studied by Bythrow et al. [1].
Robot perceptual adaptation to environment changes for long-term human teammate following (2020)

Perception is one of the several fundamental abilities required by robots, and it also poses significant challenges, especially in real-world field applications. Long-term autonomy introduces additional difficulties to robot perception, including short- and long-term changes of the robot operation environment (e.g., lighting changes). In this article, we propose an innovative human-inspired approach named robot perceptual adaptation (ROPA) that is able to calibrate perception according to the environment context, which enables perceptual adaptation in response to environmental variations. ROPA jointly performs feature learning, sensor fusion, and perception calibration under a unified regularized optimization framework. We also implement a new algorithm to solve the formulated optimization problem, which has a theoretical guarantee to converge to the optimal solution. In addition, we collect a large-scale dataset from physical robots in the field, called perceptual adaptation to environment changes (PEAC), with the aim to benchmark methods for robot adaptation to short-term and long-term, and fast and gradual lighting changes for human detection based upon different feature modalities extracted from color and depth sensors. Utilizing the PEAC dataset, we conduct extensive experiments in the application of human recognition and following in various scenarios to evaluate ROPA. Experimental results have validated that the ROPA approach obtains promising performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency, and effectively adapts robot perception to address short-term and long-term lighting changes in human detection and following applications.
Turning on a Fuel Switch of Cancer: hnRNP Proteins Regulate Alternative Splicing of Pyruvate Kinase mRNA (2010)

Unlike normal cells, which metabolize glucose by oxidative phosphorylation for efficient energy production, tumor cells preferentially metabolize glucose by aerobic glycolysis, which produces less energy but facilitates the incorporation of more glycolytic metabolites into the biomass needed for rapid proliferation. The metabolic shift from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis is partly achieved by a switch in the splice isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase. Although normal cells express the pyruvate kinase M1 isoform (PKM1), tumor cells predominantly express the M2 isoform (PKM2). Switching from PKM1 to PKM2 promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides a selective advantage for tumor formation. The PKM1/M2 isoforms are generated through alternative splicing of two mutually exclusive exons. A recent study shows that the alternative splicing event is controlled by heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family members hnRNPA1, hnRNPA2, and polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB; also known as hnRNPI). These findings not only provide additional evidence that alternative splicing plays an important role in tumorigenesis, but also shed light on the molecular mechanism by which hnRNP proteins regulate cell proliferation in cancer.