gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Survey of attacks on Reputation Systems (2007)

Reputation systems provide mechanisms through which multiple parties can quantify the trust between one another. These systems seek to generate an accurate assessment in the face of unprecedented community size, while providing anonymity and resilience to malicious attacks. We focus on attacks and defense mechanisms in reputation systems. We present an analysis framework that allows for general decomposition of existing reputation systems. We classify attacks against reputation systems by identifying which system components and design choices are the target of attacks. We survey defense mechanisms employed by existing reputation systems. Finally, we analyze several landmark systems, characterizing their individual strengths and weaknesses. Our work contributes to understanding 1) which design components of reputation systems are most vulnerable, 2) what are the most appropriate defense mechanisms and 3) how these defense mechanisms can be integrated into existing or future reputation systems to make them resilient to attacks. General Terms: (1) Design; (2) Reliability; (3) Security; (4) Theory
SegWay: A simple framework for unsupervised sleep segmentation in experimental EEG recordings (2016)

Sleep analysis in animal models typically involves recording an electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) and scoring vigilance state in brief epochs of data as Wake, REM (rapid eye movement sleep) or NREM (non-REM) either manually or using a computer algorithm. Computerized methods usually estimate features from each epoch like the spectral power associated with distinctive cortical rhythms and dissect the feature space into regions associated with different states by applying thresholds, or by using supervised/unsupervised statistical classifiers; but there are some factors to consider when using them:•Most classifiers require scored sample data, elaborate heuristics or computational steps not easily reproduced by the average sleep researcher, who is the targeted end user.•Even when prediction is reasonably accurate, small errors can lead to large discrepancies in estimates of important sleep metrics such as the number of bouts or their duration.•As we show here, besides partitioning the feature space by vigilance state, modeling transitions between the states can give more accurate scores and metrics. An unsupervised sleep segmentation framework, "SegWay", is demonstrated by applying the algorithm step-by-step to unlabeled EEG recordings in mice. The accuracy of sleep scoring and estimation of sleep metrics is validated against manual scores.
Quantitative analysis of the whiteness of the atypical cervical transformation zone. (1985)

The whiteness of the atypical cervical transformation zone is considered one of the important factors for grading colposcopic findings. The whiteness was measured on photographs taken with a newly developed method that uses double polarizing filters fixed in a rectangular position. This method eliminates highlights and makes it possible to compare the whiteness of different cases according to the same standard. The whiteness after acetic acid application and its diminution rate after four minutes were measured. Significant differences in whiteness were proven to exist between grade 1, 2 and 3 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, between squamous metaplasia and carcinoma in situ (CIS) and between dysplasia and micro-invasive carcinoma. Significant differences in the diminution rate were revealed between each grade and between squamous metaplasia and CIS.
Binder-free sheet-type all-solid-state batteries with enhanced rate capabilities and high energy densities (2018)

All-solid-state batteries using inorganic solid electrolytes are considered promising energy storage systems because of their safety and long life. Stackable and compact sheet-type all-solid-state batteries are urgently needed for industrial applications such as smart grids and electric vehicles. A binder is usually indispensable to the construction of sheet-type batteries; however, it can decrease the power and cycle performance of the battery. Here we report the first fabrication of a binder-free sheet-type battery. The key to this development is the use of volatile poly(propylene carbonate)-based binders; used to fabricate electrodes, solid electrolyte sheets, and a stacked three-layered sheet, these binders can also be removed by heat treatment. Binder removal leads to enhanced rate capability, excellent cycle stability, and a 2.6-fold increase in the cell-based-energy-density over previously reported sheet-type batteries. This achievement is the first step towards realizing sheet-type batteries with high energy and power density.
Analysis of read and write availability for generalized hybrid data replication protocol (2004)

Replicating data is a promising way of improving the dependability of large distributed systems. The hybrid data replication protocol combines concepts of the tree quorum protocol and grid protocol. We present an analytical evaluation of read/write availability for the generalized hybrid data replication protocol, which extends the arrangement of nodes into a more general form to improve write availability. The average number of nodes accessed for read/write operations is also analyzed under the assumption that nodes might fail. Equations are derived based on node availability p, and numerical examples are shown. We use computer simulations to estimate the throughput for read/write operations.
Self Healing Soap Films (2012)

In 1904, while experimenting with high-speed photography, Lucien Bull recorded a pellet passing through a soap bubble. We investigate the dynamics that allow for a rigid body to pass through a hemispherical soap film without rupturing it. In this fluid dynamics video spheres were dropped from rest above a hemispherical soap film. At impact, the soap film stretches into a cavity around the sphere. As the sphere continues to descend, the film cavity pinches off and the film returns to its initial hemispherical shape. Upon closer observation of the film-sphere-air interface, the stability of the soap film appears to arise through a balance between the forces of the sphere inertia and the film tension. Therefore the relevant experimental parameter is the Weber number: We=rho*2*g*h*R*sigma, where R is the sphere radius and h is the height that the sphere is dropped from. We vary the sphere radius and velocity to provide a range of Weber numbers in order to investigate the dependence of film stability. Three subtly distinct regimes arise across the observed experimental range of Weber numbers. The first regime is demonstrated (We&lt;3200) by a cavity shape that resembles a catenoid which pinches off both near the sphere and the hemispherical surface. The second regime is demonstrated (3200
A secure processor architecture for encrypted computation on untrusted programs (2012)

This paper considers encrypted computation where the user specifies encrypted inputs to an untrusted program, and the server computes on those encrypted inputs. To this end we propose a secure processor architecture, called Ascend, that guarantees privacy of data when arbitrary programs use the data running in a cloud-like environment (e.g., an untrusted server running an untrusted software stack).
A fast Gabor wavelet transform for high-precision phase retrieval in spectral interferometry (2007)

A fast implementation of the Gabor wavelet transform for phase retrieval in spectral interferometry is discussed. This algorithm is experimentally demonstrated for the characterization of a supercontinuum, using spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field reconstruction (SPIDER). The performance of wavelet based ridge tracking for frequency demodulation is evaluated and compared to traditional Fourier filtering techniques. It is found that the wavelet based strategy is significantly less susceptible toward experimental noise and does not exhibit cycle slip artifacts. Optimum performance of the Gabor transform is observed for a Heisenberg box with unity aspect ratio. As a result, the phase jitter of 60 individual measurements is reduced by about a factor 2 compared to Fourier filtering, and the detection window increases by 20%. With an optimized implementation, retrieval rates of several 10Hz can be reached, which makes the fast Gabor transform a superior one-to-one replacement even in applications that require video-rate update, such as a real-time SPIDER apparatus.
Time Domain Analysis and Parameter Tuning of Electric Arc Furnace using Cassie- Mayr Model (2022)

Electric arc furnaces are immensely popular loads in many countries, whether with leading or emerging economies. The EAF is used for smelting and refining of diverse types of metals. Unfortunately, the electric arc furnace operation is accompanied by multiple power quality issues which affect neighboring loads. Thus, describing this operation, using a model which can accurately represent the nature and the impact of electric arc furnace operation, is particularly important. In this paper, a time domain model is developed. The developed model is based upon Cassie-Mayr Time Domain relationship for arc furnaces. The model is verified with actual field data and is evaluated with a power network simulation equivalent to the supplying grid operating conditions in Egypt. The model is capable to simulate the EAF behavior successfully. This capability is witnessed through the characteristics of the arc voltage and current, whether values or behaviors. This validates the EAF infamous natures: non-linearity and stochasticity. This paper novelty relies on highlighting the ability of Cassie-Mayr model to simulate the EAF behaviors at exceptionally large operating currents.
On the relation between the spatial dose integrity and the temporal instability of polymer gel dosimeters (2004)

When irradiating a polymer gel dosimeter to relatively high doses, edge enhancing effects (overshoots) may be noticed near dose gradients, resulting in a loss of spatial dose integrity. These overshoots are believed to be a consequence of monomers diffusing into the high-dose region, where they react with long-living macroradicals. Macroradicals may also be responsible for the temporal chemical instability of post-irradiation polymerization that occurs in the polymer gel dosimeter. In this study, a mathematical model is proposed that simulates the edge enhancing effect. The model is based on the hypothesis that the macroradicals are responsible for both the temporal instability and loss of spatial dose integrity. All input parameters for the model are obtained from independent experiments. The edge enhancing effect is studied both experimentally and theoretically for polymer gel dosimeters with various gelatin concentrations. The change in the edge enhancement is also investigated over post-irradiation time. Comparisons between polymer gel measurements and simulations confirm the hypothesis that there is a strong relation between the spatial and temporal instabilities.
Case Studies on the Development of Games Using Augmented Reality (2006)

Games have fascinated people in activities related to entertainment, education, health care, etc. The augmented reality technology, using computational support, brings the game from the computer to the user space, making the interaction friendlier. This paper introduces augmented reality and makes considerations on the ARToolKit software, pointing out its interactive processes. The use of augmented reality in the development of games is illustrated by five case studies of games implemented with ARToolKit. The main characteristics of each game and the exploration of the augmented reality resources are discussed.
Erratum: “Morphological and mechanical properties of carbon-nanotube-reinforced semicrystalline and amorphous polymer composites” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 81, 5123 (2002)] (2003)

In Figs. In fact, the data were in decimal form.
Pathophysiology of pruritus in primary localized cutaneous amyloidosis (2016)

SFN is present in PLCA. Pruritus in PLCA is likely associated with hypersensitivity of cutaneous nerve fibres, which may be related to an increased expression of epidermal IL-31 receptors. Targeting IL-31 receptors is therefore a potential therapeutic approach.
Data from Oncogenic B-RAF Signaling in Melanoma Impairs the Therapeutic Advantage of Autophagy Inhibition (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Metastatic melanoma is characterized by extremely poor survival rates and hence novel therapies are urgently required. The ability of many anticancer drugs to activate autophagy, a lysosomal-mediated catabolic process which usually promotes cell survival, suggests targeting the autophagy pathway may be a novel means to augment therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Autophagy and apoptosis were assessed &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; in human melanoma cell lines in response to clinically achievable concentrations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing drugs fenretinide or bortezomib, and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; using a s.c. xenograft model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Autophagy was activated in response to fenretinide or bortezomib in B-RAF wild-type cells, shown by increased conversion of LC3 to the autophagic vesicle-associated form (LC3-II) and redistribution to autophagosomes and autolysosomes, increased acidic vesicular organelle formation and autophagic vacuolization. In contrast, autophagy was significantly reduced in B-RAF–mutated melanoma cells, an effect attributed partly to oncogenic B-RAF. Rapamycin treatment was unable to stimulate LC3-II accumulation or redistribution in the presence of mutated B-RAF, indicative of de-regulated mTORC1-dependent autophagy. Knockdown of Beclin-1 or ATG7 sensitized B-RAF wild-type cells to fenretinide- or bortezomib-induced cell death, demonstrating a pro-survival function of autophagy. In addition, autophagy was partially reactivated in B-RAF–mutated cells treated with the BH3 mimetic ABT737 in combination with fenretinide or bortezomib, suggesting autophagy resistance is partly mediated by abrogated Beclin-1 function.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our findings suggest inhibition of autophagy in combination with ER stress-inducing agents may represent a means by which to harness autophagy for the therapeutic benefit of B-RAF wild-type melanoma. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(8); 2216–26. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Insurance and Weather Derivatives: From Exotic Options to Exotic Underlyings (1999)

Mathematical Finance, Insurance, Finance
Effect of gender on perioperative outcomes after robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy (2016)

Female gender was associated with rates of intraoperative complications and of conversion to open lobectomy as low as those for men, but with better perioperative outcomes, lower risk of intraoperative bleeding, and fewer postoperative complications. Thus, robotic-assisted pulmonary lobectomy is feasible and safe for women.
Vinyl phosphonium bicycloannulation of cyclohexenones and its use in a stereoselective synthesis of trachyloban-19-oic acid (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinyl phosphonium bicycloannulation of cyclohexenones and its use in a stereoselective synthesis of trachyloban-19-oic acidRobert M. Cory, Dominic M. T. Chan, Yousry M. A. Naguib, Mary H. Rastall, and Richard M. RenneboogCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 10, 1852–1863Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01298a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01298a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views553Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grid applications---Parallel genomic sequence-searching on an ad-hoc grid (2006)

The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) allows bioinformaticists to characterize an unknown sequence by comparing it against a database of known sequences. The similarity between sequences enables biologists to detect evolutionary relationships and infer biological properties of the unknown sequence.mpiBLAST, our parallel BLAST, decreases the search time of a 300 KB query on the current NT database from over two full days to under 10 minutes on a 128-processor cluster and allows larger query files to be compared. Consequently, we propose to compare the largest query available, the entire NT database, against the largest database available, the entire NT database. The result of this comparison will provide critical information to the biology community, including insightful evolutionary, structural, and functional relationships between every sequence and family in the NT database.Preliminary projections indicated that to complete the above task in a reasonable length of time required more processors than were available to us at a single site. Hence, we assembled GreenGene, an ad-hoc grid that was constructed "on the fly" from donated computational, network, and storage resources during last year's SC|05. GreenGene consisted of 3048 processors from machines that were distributed across the United States. This paper presents a case study of mpiBLAST on GreenGene --- specifically, a pre-run characterization of the computation, the hardware and software architectural design, experimental results, and future directions.
Dynamics in relaxor ferroelectric polymers (2005)

Normal ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE)] copolymer have been converted into relaxor ferroelectrics by introducing appropriate amount of defects into the original polar crystallites, which is achieved either by high-energy electron irradiation or by copolymerizing with a third bulky monomer 1,1-chlorofluoroethylene (CFE). These modified P(VDF-TrFE)s exhibit typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior such as giant electromechanical response, the absence of ferroelectric-paraelectric transition, slim polarization loop, and a frequency-dependent strong dispersion in dielectric spectra.
Behavioural and physical adaptations of three insects that feed on the phototoxic plant Hypericum perforatum (1990)

Chrysolina hyperici, C. quadrigemina (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), and Anaitis plagiata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) all feed on St. John's-wort (Hypericum perforatum), in spite of the presence of the phototoxin hypericin, which has been shown to be toxic to other insects. Fourth instar Chrysolina spp. larvae fed at dawn, then hid in the soil for the remainder of the day. When larvae were forced to remain in the light, mortality was positively correlated with light intensity. This susceptibility to light may be related to the highly transparent larval cuticle which transmitted over 60% of the photosensitizing wavelengths (540–610 nm). Chrysolina adults differed from the larvae in that they were sun loving, fed on St. John's-wort during the day, and basked at the tips of the branches. Adult cuticles only transmitted 0.1–0.2% of the photosensitizing wavelengths. Third instar A. plagiata larvae remained on the plant at all times, feeding both during the day and night. In the 5th instar, larvae burrowed into the soil during the day and fed mostly at night, much like late instar Chrysolina larvae. However, A. plagiata larvae suffered no ill effects if forced to remain in the light. Part of their resistance to photosensitization may be explained by the low transmittance of their cuticle (20%).
Spectrally efficient optical CDMA using coherent phase-frequency coding (2005)

We demonstrate feasibility of a spectrally efficient wavelength-division-multiplexing-compatible optical code-division multiple-access system using 16 phase-locked laser lines within an 80-GHz tunable window as frequency bins and an ultrahigh frequency resolution spectral phase encoder-decoder. Coding and decoding using binary [0, /spl pi/] phase chips were demonstrated for four users at 2.5 Gb/s, and a single coded signal was separated from four copropagating signals, with bit-error rate <10/sup -9/.
A jacalin‐like lectin domain‐containing protein of Sclerospora graminicola acts as an apoplastic virulence effector in plant–oomycete interactions (2022)

The plant extracellular space, including the apoplast and plasma membrane, is the initial site of plant-pathogen interactions. Pathogens deliver numerous secreted proteins, called effectors, into this region to suppress plant immunity and establish infection. Downy mildew caused by the oomycete pathogen Sclerospora graminicola (Sg) is an economically important disease of Poaceae crops including foxtail millet (Setaria italica). We previously reported the genome sequence of Sg and showed that the jacalin-related lectin (JRL) gene family has significantly expanded in this lineage. However, the biological functions of JRL proteins remained unknown. Here, we show that JRL from Sg (SgJRL) functions as an apoplastic virulence effector. We identified eight SgJRLs by protein mass spectrometry analysis of extracellular fluid from Sg-inoculated foxtail millet leaves. SgJRLs consist of a jacalin-like lectin domain and an N-terminal putative secretion signal; SgJRL expression is induced by Sg infection. Heterologous expression of three SgJRLs with N-terminal secretion signal peptides in Nicotiana benthamiana enhanced the virulence of the pathogen Phytophthora palmivora inoculated onto the same leaves. Of the three SgJRLs, SG06536 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) localized to the apoplastic space in N. benthamiana leaves. INF1-mediated induction of defence-related genes was suppressed by co-expression of SG06536-GFP. These findings suggest that JRLs are novel apoplastic effectors that contribute to pathogenicity by suppressing plant defence responses.
Robust Transmission of H.264/AVC Video using Adaptive Slice Grouping and Unequal Error Protection (2006)

We present a novel scheme for the transmission of H.264/AVC video streams over lossy packet networks. The proposed scheme exploits the error resilient features of H.264/AVC codec and employs Reed-Solomon codes to protect effectively the streams. The optimal classification of macroblocks into slice groups and the optimal channel rate allocation are achieved by iterating two interdependent steps. Simulations clearly demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method over other recent algorithms for transmission of H.264/AVC streams