gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Layered video coder with self-concealed capability using frequency scanning technique</title> (1993)

In this paper, the frequency scanning and the Modified Universal Variable Length Coding (MUVLC) technique is examined as a means to improve the cell loss resilience of video codecs. An appropriate implementation of this technique for effective use in a pyramid layered coding scheme is described. Simulation results are presented which show the superior performance of this slice based coding technique in comparison to the conventional block scanning and Variable Length Coding (VLC) technique having similar coding efficiency.
Respiratory distress secondary to both amphotericin B deoxycholate and lipid complex formulation. (2000)

A 73-y-old female with a history of adenocarcinoma of colon and refractory anemia developed febrile neutropenia following chemotherapy. Therapy with iv infusion of amphotericin B deoxycholate (AmBd) was initiated on day 8 of hospital admission. Premedications included acetaminophen, diphenhydramine and meperidine. Patient developed rigor, chill and elevated temperature approximately 100 min into the infusion. The infusion was temporarily discontinued and rigors subsided following administration of 25 mg meperidine im. Infusion was continued after cessation of the rigors with no further sequelae. During each infusion of AmBd over the next 3 d, the patient developed rigor, chill and elevated temperature which was managed with meperidine. However, on day 4 she developed respiratory distress, bronchospasm and visible cyanosis with oxygen saturation of 88% while on 2 L oxygen. The infusion was stopped and the symptoms subsided with administration of albuterol via nebulizer. Amphotericin lipid formulation infusion was reinstituted after 3 d because of the patient's worsening clinical status. However, the patient developed severe respiratory distress approximately 130 min into the infusion. The infusion was discontinued and she was treated with albuterol via nebulizer. Itraconazole therapy was instituted without any adverse sequelae. Clinicians should be aware of this potential adverse event since it can occur with all formulation of amphotericin.
Spricktillväxt i lamelldamm. Tillämpning av icke-linjära modeller - Del 1 (2008)

Som ett inledande pilotprojekt utforde Vattenfall Research & Development,Carl Bro och Lunds Tekniska Hogskola numerisk modellering av Storfinnforsens damm som byggdes 1949-1954. Dammen ar en la ...
Electron impact mass spectra of some tertiary aliphatic nitro compounds. Nitrocarbonyl compounds and some analogues (1992)

Abstract The mass spectra of some tertiary aliphatic nitroaldehydes, nitroketones, nitroesters, nitronitriles and related nitrocarbonyl compounds are discussed and compared with those of some analogous nitro compounds lacking the carbonyl function. The M + ˙  NO 2 ˙ and in several cases M + ˙  HNO 2 fragmentation seem to be the most characteristic features of all tertiary aliphatic nitro compounds. In the presence of the primary nitro group, the loss of NHO 2 is always observed.
Chiral elasticity of DNA (2012)

DNA is a chiral semiflexible polymer, so its bending Hamiltonian may contain nonlinear terms coupling the curvature κ to the torsion τ, leading to an average torsion independent of curvature, with variance scaling as 1/κ2. We perform atomistic MD simulations of 31 base-pair DNA sequences with explicit solvent, in which thermal fluctuations cause the DNA to bend. We extract bending moduli by fitting to bending and torsional angle distributions. We find that chiral elasticity matters whenever DNA bends on a radius less than about 5 nm.
Organocatalytic enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of highly substituted δ-lactones via a Michael-cyclization cascade (2015)

An organocatalyzed Michael-cyclization cascade approach of readily available α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and pyrazoleamides has been developed to get highly substituted δ-lactones in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97%) and diastereoselectivities. The δ-lactones so obtained could easily be transformed into benzazepine derivatives with excellent enantio- and diastereoselectivities. Furthermore, the pyrazole moiety from the δ-lactones can be simply cleaved without disturbing the stereoselectivity.
Recent Progress in Arrayed Electrowetting Optics (2009)

Electrowetting devices can now be formed in arrays covering thousands of square centimeters of glass. New research is pointing the way toward exciting applications for laser radar, 3D displays, adaptive camouflage, electronic paper, retroreflector communication and lab-on-a-chip.
Ceramic-based electromagnetic wave absorbing materials and concepts towards lightweight, flexibility and thermal resistance (2022)

Electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing materials have attracted much attention in recent years due to the dramatical increase of high-frequency electronic components and devices, which generate electromagnetic (EM) pollution and cause serious electromagnetic interference (EMI). Ceramics and associated (nano)composites are widely investigated as EMW absorbing materials because of their excellent mechanical properties, chemical/thermal stabilities, and oxidation/corrosion resistance. In addition to outstanding EMW absorbing performance, lightweight, flexibility and thermal resistance at high temperatures strongly affect their practical applications. Therefore, this review highlights the recent progress of advanced ceramic-based EMW absorbing materials by evaluating their vital EMW absorption parameters. First, the fundamentals of EMW absorption are briefly summarized, followed by the effects of phase/chemical composition, micro/nano structure, and morphology on the EMW absorbing performance and associated mechanisms. Furthermore, modern strategies for the preparation of lightweight, flexible and thermal resistant EMW absorbing materials are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, the perspectives of advanced-ceramics as EMW absorbing materials are discussed as well.
An Architecture for Regulatory Compliant Database Management (2009)

Spurred by financial scandals and privacy concerns, governments worldwide have moved to ensure confidence in digital records by regulating their retention and deletion. These requirements have led to a huge market for compliance storage servers, which ensure that data are not shredded or altered before the end of their mandatory retention period. These servers preserve unstructured and semi-structured data at a file-level granularity: email, spreadsheets, reports, instant messages. In this paper, we extend this level of protection to structured data residing in relational databases. We propose a compliant DBMS architecture and two refinements that illustrate the additional security that one can gain with only a slight performance penalty, with almost no modifications to the DBMS kernel. We evaluate our proposed architecture through experiments with TPC-C on a high-performance DBMS, and show that the runtime overhead for transaction processing is approximately 10% in typical configurations.
A lineage tree-based hidden Markov model quantifies cellular heterogeneity and plasticity (2022)

Individual cells can assume a variety of molecular and phenotypic states and recent studies indicate that cells can rapidly adapt in response to therapeutic stress. Such phenotypic plasticity may confer resistance, but also presents opportunities to identify molecular programs that could be targeted for therapeutic benefit. Approaches to quantify tumor-drug responses typically focus on snapshot, population-level measurements. While informative, these methods lack lineage and temporal information, which are particularly critical for understanding dynamic processes such as cell state switching. As new technologies have become available to measure lineage relationships, modeling approaches will be needed to identify the forms of cell-to-cell heterogeneity present in these data. Here we apply a lineage tree-based adaptation of a hidden Markov model that employs single cell lineages as input to learn the characteristic patterns of phenotypic heterogeneity and state transitions. In benchmarking studies, we demonstrated that the model successfully classifies cells within experimentally-tractable dataset sizes. As an application, we analyzed experimental measurements in cancer and non-cancer cell populations under various treatments. We find evidence of multiple phenotypically distinct states, with considerable heterogeneity and unique drug responses. In total, this framework allows for the flexible modeling of single cell heterogeneity across lineages to quantify, understand, and control cell state switching.
Growth rate and physiology of steers grazing tall fescue inoculated with novel endophytes (2004)

Cattle grazing tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) often develop fescue toxicosis. This condition is thought to be caused by ergot alkaloids produced by the endophyte Neotyphodium coenophialum. Endophytes from wild tall fescue plants, which do not produce ergot alkaloids, were transferred into the endophyte-free tall fescue germplasm, HiMag. The novel associations also lacked the ability to produce ergot alkaloids. Our objective was to determine whether cattle grazing these novel endophyte associations showed signs of fescue toxicosis. At the Fayetteville, Arkansas location, tester steers (n = 72) were assigned to one of four pasture treatments: endophyte-free HiMag tall fescue (HiMag−); ‘Kentucky-31’ tall fescue infected with its native, toxic endophyte (KY+); and two novel endophyte-infected tall fescue associations, HiMag4 and HiMag9. At the Mount Vernon, Missouri location, steers (n = 54) were used to test three of the four cultivars (HiMag9 was not tested). Ergot alkaloid concentrations in the forage of HiMag4 and HiMag9 were low or undetectable. Respiration rate, rectal temperature, ADG, and hair scores were measured during the grazing period. Blood was collected via jugular venipuncture and used for prolactin, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholesterol, triglyceride, and creatinine analysis. Weight gains by steers grazing HiMag4 and HiMag9 did not differ from those of steers grazing HiMag−, but were greater than gains (P < 0.05) by steers on the KY+ treatment. Steers grazing KY+ had higher (P < 0.05) respiration rates, rectal temperatures, and hair scores than did steers grazing novel endophyte and HiMag− pastures. Prolactin, ALP, cholesterol, LDH, and triglycerides all were suppressed (P < 0.05) in steers grazing KY+ compared with steers grazing novel endophyte and HiMag− pastures. Steers grazing the novel endophyte tall fescues did not suffer from the decreased weight gains and toxicities associated with fescue toxicosis, resulting in enhanced animal production.
Rapid encoding of relationships between spatially remote motion signals (2013)

For visual processing, the temporal correlation of remote local motion signals is a strong cue to detect meaningful large-scale structures in the retinal image, because related points are likely to move together regardless of their spatial separation. While the processing of multi-element motion patterns involved in biological motion and optic flow has been studied intensively, the encoding of simpler pairwise relationships between remote motion signals remains poorly understood. We investigated this process by measuring the temporal rate limit for perceiving the relationship of two motion directions presented at the same time at different spatial locations. Compared to luminance or orientation, motion comparison was more rapid. Performance remained very high even when interstimulus separation was increased up to 100°. Motion comparison also remained rapid regardless of whether the two motion directions were similar to or different from each other. The exception was a dramatic slowing when the elements formed an orthogonal "T," in which two motions do not perceptually group together. Motion presented at task-irrelevant positions did not reduce performance, suggesting that the rapid motion comparison could not be ascribed to global optic flow processing. Our findings reveal the existence and unique nature of specialized processing that encodes long-range relationships between motion signals for quick appreciation of global dynamic scene structure.
3,6-Bis(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine: A Versatile Bifunctional Building Block for the Synthesis of Linear Oligoheterocycles (2001)

3,6-Bis(2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (3) (BTT) is an energy-rich compound and a strong dibasic acid. The bifunctional compound 3 is capable of [4+2] cycloadditions through its tetrazine unit as a 4π compound, and of acylating ring-opening reactions through its tetrazole rings, leading to the formation of linear oligoheterocycles 7, 12 with 1,2,4,5-tetrazine, pyridazine, 1,3,4-oxadiazole, thiophene, furan, and pyrrole units in sequences not easily available by other synthetic methods.
Industrial Sputtering Metallization Technology for Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells (2009)

In this paper first results on the stability and applicability for an inline sputtering pilot system (Applied Materials ATON 500 Ev + Sp) with industrially feasible deposition rates are shown. The system consists of two different process chambers, one for thermal evaporation and a second one for sputter deposition of two different metals. The applicability of the sputtering process for the front side metallization has first been determined in an experimental setup on a non PV dedicated system. Different experiments were performed to evaluate the properties of the sputtered layers. To determine the possible damage of the passivation layer during the sputter deposition, test structures for minority carrier lifetime measurements were prepared. The layer growth of the sputtered metal depends on the temperature of the substrate and the sputtered target material properties as well. To determine the layer growth and the homogeneity, experiments were performed to evaluate the sheet resistance and to identify their relation to an industrial inline metallization process with various deposition rates after transferring the process to the pilot system. Sheet resistance measurements are additionally used to analyze a very important aspect of the metallization process, the silicide formation. Depending on the applied metal for the deposited layer, the time and temperature of the tempering process has to be chosen individually in order to from a suitable silicide layer for subsequent contact formation.
Substitution versus redox reactions of gold(iii) complexes with l-cysteine, l-methionine and glutathione (2014)

The influence of tridentate, nitrogen donor ligands, on the stability of gold(III) complexes under physiological conditions was investigated. The interaction of [Au(terpy)Cl](2+) (terpy = 2,2':6'2'' terpyridine), [Au(bpma)Cl](2+) (bpma = bis(pyridyl-methyl)amine), [Au(dien)Cl](2+) (dien = diethylenetriamine) and [AuCl4](-) with the biologically relevant thiols, L-cysteine (L-Cys) and glutathione (GSH), and thioether, L-methionine (L-Met), was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, (1)H NMR spectroscopy and ESI-MS. In this study, the rate constants for substitution reactions between monofunctional gold(III) complexes and sulfur donor ligands in aqueous solution were determined at different initial concentrations of reactants, chloride ions, pH and constant ionic strength. The obtained second-order rate constants for the reaction with L-methionine in the absence of added chloride at pH 2.5 and 25 °C follow the sequence (7.5 ± 0.4) × 10(3) > (4.5 ± 0.1) × 10(2) > 88.3 ± 0.8 M(-1) s(-1) for the terpy, bpma and dien complexes, respectively, demonstrating that the substitution step could be detected prior to the reduction step. This behavior was expected due to the influence of a decreasing π-donor ability of the chelate ligands, which slows down the substitution reactions along the series of complexes studied. In order to throw more light on the mechanism of biological activity of gold(iii) compounds, such a systematic study was performed for all the mentioned thiols and thioether.
Neonatal herpes simplex meningoencephalitis associated with fetal monitor scalp electrodes (1981)

Two full-term unrelated infants developed herpetic lesions at the site of scalp fetal monitor electrodes several days after uncomplicated labor and vaginal delivery. The mothers had been asymptomatic during pregnancy. In addition to the scalp vesicles, one infant had unilateral herpetic conjunctivitis; the other infant had vesicles on the face without ocular involvement. Both babies had cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis and elevated protein. Herpes virus was cultured from the vesicles and CSF. Computed tomography showed low density areas in the frontotemporal regions. On follow-up, seizures persisted and neurologic development was impaired. These patients illustrate the potential risk of infection when internal fetal monitoring is used in low risk pregnancies.
Lactate transport by cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles (1987)

Page C483: T. L. Trosper and K. D. Philipson. “Lactate transport by cardiac sarcolemmal vesicles.” Page C483: the first sentence of paragraph 2 should read: Recent reports of lactate uptake by isolated cardiac myocytes (14) and perfused hearts (2, 16) presented evidence suggesting that lactate traversal of the cardiac sarcolemma is mediated by a carrier specific for monocarboxylic acids. Page C485: Fig. 1 legend should read: l-Lactate uptake into sarcolemmal vesicles as a function of time at room temperature. 1 mM l-lactate in external medium; vesicles loaded with 280 mM sucrose, pH 7.4. External media: 112 mM NaCl, 56 mM sucrose, pH 7.4, with ( closed circles) or without ( open circles) 5 μM monensin; or 280 mM sucrose, pH 7.4 (X) or 5.9 ( open squares). Data points on upper curves are means ± SD of 3 or more experiments. Lower curves are averages of 2 experiments. Inset: l-lactate uptake at short times from NaCl plus monensin, pH 7.4. Page C485: last line of Fig. 3 legend should read: Slope, which is least-squares fit of the data, gives apparent Km, for l-laxtate of 27 mM. Page C489: References 2, 14, and 16 should read: 2. Dennis, S. C., M. C. Cohn, G. J. Anderson, and D. Garfinkel. Kinetic analysis of monocarboxylate uptake into perfused rat hearts. J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 17: 987–995, 1985. 14. Kammermeier, H., B. Wein, and W. Graf. Characteristics of lactate transport in isolated cardiac myocytes. Basic Res. Cardiol. 80,Suppl. 1:57–60, 1985. 16. Mann, G. E., B. V. Zlokovic, AND D. L. Yudilevich. Evidence for a lactate transport system in the sarcolemmal membrane of the perfused rabbit heart. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 819: 241–246, 1985.
Biodegradable UV-Blocking Films through Core–Shell Lignin–Melanin Nanoparticles in Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (2019)

Biodegradable and renewable UV-shielding films are highly demanded to meet the increasing sustainable requirement for the environment. Lignin as a natural broad UV blocker has gained considerable attention; however, the poor dispersibility within synthetic polymers limited its applications. Thus, a bioinspired melanin-like polydopamine thin layer was incorporated for the first time with lignin nanoparticle (LNP) in this effort, forming a UV-blocking core–shell lignin–melanin nanoparticle (LMNP) with higher compatibility and durability. Subsequently, LNP, LMNP, melanin nanoparticles (MNP), and a mix of LNP and MNP (MixNP) were compounded with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT), to enhance the UV-barrier capability and photostability of PBAT films. The incorporated LMNPs were well distributed into PBAT, leading to improved tensile properties and thermal stability of the resulting films. All these films possessed remarkable UV-blocking capacity at NP concentration ranging from 0.5 to 5 wt %, blocking almost all of UV-A and more than 80% of UV-B light, while an appreciable optical transmittance could also be achieved. The PBAT–LMNP films displayed a high UV-shielding stability and the best retention in mechanical properties after UV exposure for 40 h. This work provides a very promising approach for fabricating biodegradable PBAT-based UV-blocking films for potential applications in agricultural or food packaging materials where the UV resistance is highly required.
Genetic modifiers interact withCpefatto affect body weight, adiposity, and hyperglycemia (2005)

Obesity and Type II diabetes are complex diseases in the human population. The existence of a large number of contributing loci and gene-gene as well as gene-environment interactions make it difficult to identify the disease genes underlying these complex traits. In mouse models of obesity and Type II diabetes such as the murine fat mutation, genetic crosses can be used to dissect the genetic complexity influencing the observed phenotypes. The underlying defect in the fat mutant is a Ser202Pro change in carboxypeptidase E (CPE), an enzyme responsible for the final proteolytic processing step of prohormone intermediates. On the HRS/J (HRS) inbred strain background, mice homozygous for the fat mutation exhibit early onset hyperinsulinemia followed by postpubertal moderate obesity without hyperglycemia. In contrast, on the C57BLKS/J (BKS) genetic background, fat/fat mice become severely obese, hyperinsulinemic, and hyperglycemic. Therefore, in the Cpe(fat) genetic model, the fat mutation is necessary but not sufficient for the development of obesity, Type II diabetes, and related metabolic disorders. To dissect the susceptibility loci responsible for modifying obesity- and diabetes-associated traits, we characterized, both genetically and phenotypically, fat/fat male progeny from a large intercross between BKS. HRS-fat/fat and HRS-+/+ mice. Four major loci were mapped, including a locus for body weight (body weight 1) on chromosome 14; a locus for hyperglycemia (fat-induced diabetes 1) on chromosome 19; a locus for hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypercholesterolemia (fat-induced diabetes 2) on chromosome 5; and a locus for adiposity and body weight (fat-induced adiposity 1) on chromosome 11. The identification of these interacting genetic determinants for obesity and Type II diabetes may allow better definition of the obesity/diabetes-related hormone signaling pathways and ultimately may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of these complex diseases.
PeerLab: A network testbed for enabling experiments in edge network environment (2011)

Network testbeds for developing, deploying, and experimenting with new network services have evolved as recent rapid progress in virtualization technology. This paper proposes a new testbed for enabling experiments with end-systems, or peers, at the edge, often located in private networks behind firewalls. The existing testbeds such as PlanetLab and CoreLab consist of only nodes in the public Internet, since it is often hard to manage nodes behind firewalls. In our proposed testbed, we reserve a set of virtual machines on peers often behind firewall and manage them using a virtual private network over them to create an environment where we can upload arbitrary programs to conduct experiments with distributed systems such as peer-to-peer applications. We report our experiences of developing such a network testbed and demonstrate how we can conduct experiments such as simple latency and bandwidth measurements and peer-to-peer applications.
The State of Irreversible Electroporation in Interventional Oncology (2014)

A new ablation modality, irreversible electroporation (IRE), has been of increasing interest in interventional radiology. Its nonthermal mechanism of action of killing tumor cells allows physicians the ability to ablate tumors in areas previously contraindicated for thermal ablation. This article reviews the current published clinical outcomes, imaging follow-up, and the current knowledge gaps in the procedure for patients treated with IRE.