gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Whole transcriptome profiling reveals major cell types in the cellular immune response against acute and chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection (2017)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common human pathogen that infects over 95% of the population worldwide. In the present study, the whole transcriptome microarray data were generated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Chinese children with acute infectious mononucleosis (AIM) and chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV) that were also compared with a publicly available microarray dataset from a study of American college students with AIM. Our study characterized for the first time a broad spectrum of molecular signatures in AIM and CAEBV. The key findings from the transcriptome profiling were validated with qPCR and flow cytometry assays. The most important finding in our study is the discovery of predominant γδ TCR expression and γδ T cell expansion in AIM. This finding, in combination with the striking up-regulation of CD3, CD8 and CD94, suggests that CD8+ T cells and CD94+ NK cells may play a major role in AIM. Moreover, the unique up-regulation of CD64A/B and its significant correlation with the monocyte marker CD14 was observed in CAEBV and that implies an important role of monocytes in CAEBV. In conclusion, our study reveals major cell types (particularly γδ T cells) in the host cellular immune response against AIM and CAEBV.
The effect of timing jitter on the performance of a discrete multitone system (1996)

The transmission of high-speed data over severely band-limited channels may be accomplished through the use of discrete multitone (DMT) modulation, a modulation technique that has been proposed for a number of new applications. While the performance of a DMT system has been analyzed by a number of authors, these analyses ignore the effect of timing jitter on system performance. Timing jitter becomes an increasingly important concern as higher data rates are supported and larger constellations are allowed on the DMT subchannels. Hence, in this paper, we assume that synchronization is maintained by using a digital phase-locked loop to track a pilot carrier, Given this model, we derive error rate expressions for an uncoded DMT system operating in the presence of timing jitter, and we derive an expression for the interchannel distortion that results from a varying timing offset across the DMT symbol. In addition, we investigate the performance of trellis-coded DMT modulation in the presence of timing jitter. Practical examples from the asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) service are used to illustrate various results.
Fas Ligand as a Tool for Immunosuppression and Generation of Immune Tolerance (2004)

The role of Fas ligand (FasL) in physiologically limiting immune responses and maintaining immune-privileged sites has led to a body of research aiming to confer protection to allogeneic grafts by expressing FasL on the allogeneic tissue or by administrating FasL-transduced donor dendritic cells. In addition, several studies have used FasL to abrogate autoimmune responses. This review presents the results of these studies and discusses the problems associated with FasL usage.
TRAINING INDIVIDUALS TO USE PATTERN RECOGNITION TO CONTROL AN UPPER LIMB PROSTHESIS (2011)

Pattern recognition has been used in the laboratory for control of advanced prosthetic limbs. However, recent work has shown that it has the potential to improve control of existing clinical prostheses [1]. Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) makes it possible to access neural information from residual peripheral nerves that previously innervated the missing limb [2]. Pattern recognition allows this information to be extracted and used by individuals with high-level amputations for effective prosthesis control. TMR is not necessary for pattern recognition control at the transradial amputation level [3]. Here, we outline a sequence for training individuals to use pattern recognition control of elbow movement, wrist rotation, wrist flexion/ extension, and hand grasps. We highlight the differences between training for direct control and training for pattern recognition control. We also recommend a training protocol to facilitate mastery of pattern recognition control before and after being fitted with a prosthesis.
Inhibitors of haemaggregation in biological fluids. (1971)

Haemaggregation has been observed in phosphate and barbiturate buffers and in the presence of sodium chloride as well as in the borax-succinic acid buffer previously described; in all these buffers haemaggregation-inhibition by tuberculin was also observed. The most satisfactory technique used cells aggregated with protamine in phosphate buffer. By electrophoresis it was shown that serum contained several haemaggregation-inhibiting components; some were distinct from inhibitors of virus haemagglutination. The inhibitor in urine remained in solution after Tamm-Horsfall protein was precipitated and concentrated supernatants inhibited virus multiplication; biological activity was lost after further purification, but immunodiffusion of purified material revealed an unidentified precipitinogen. Highly purified blood group glycoprotein inhibited haemaggregation to very high titre but did not inhibit virus growth.
ELBOW INJURY-BASEBALL (2003)

HISTORY Patient is a 14 year-old right hand dominant male with right elbow problems for a six week duration. He has never had previous elbow problems and no previous elbow surgery. He plays baseball after having pitching lessons six weeks ago he developed elbow pain that has been present since the day of onset. He has been a pitcher for four years and has had lessons for 4 years. He states that he has not learned any new pitches, but does report that he used to throw over the top and then shift down to the side and that he had started to throw completely over the top in lessons. He says that he throws a fastball, curve ball, and splitter. He plays baseball year round and states the he did not throw this summer more than usual because the team has more pitchers. In researching his chart, he had shoulder problems in January (10 months previously) and a history of back problems as well. His pain is present during the acceleration phase of throwing and present most of the time. It does not awaken him at night. Denies locking and states that he is able to use his arm for activities of daily living. He has had no previous treatment. He plays baseball six hours a week year round and soccer four hours a week for 20 weeks a year. PHYSICAL EXAM Tenderness of the right medial epicondyle, predominately at the musculotendinous junction. Range of motion is −5 to 150 versus 10–150 contralaterally. Wrist ROM is: R flex 80, L flex 90, wrist extension bilaterally 70. Pronation 70 bilaterally, supination 70 on R, 45 on L. Strenght is 5/5 throughout except 4/5 bilaterally for wrist supination. Pain with resisted palmar flexion and passive dorsiflexion on right but not left. No other pain with resisted movement. Negative milking maneuver and negative valgus stress test. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS Ulnar collateral ligament injury, medial epicondylitis, medial apophysitis, flexor pronator strain, ulnar neuritis, stress fracture of ulna, losse body in elbow, stress reaction of proximal ulna. TESTS AND RESULTS MRI-edema of the proximal aspect of the ulna near the insertion of the ulnar collateral ligament, normal ulnar collateral ligament. FINAL/WORKING DIAGNOSIS Stress reaction of proximal ulna. TREATMENT NSAIDS, activity modification to rest right elbow. OUTCOMES Able to play in Christmas baseball tournament 1.5 months later.
LED belichting in Alstroemeria (2014)

Winterproductie van Alstroemeria is afhankelijk van belichting voor het voorkomen van knopverdroging. SON-T belichting (50-100 μmol/m²/s) wordt gebruikt tot een daglengte van 16 uur per dag, (kwantitatieve lange dag plant). In de winter is de bladkwaliteit van alstroemeria soms niet goed. Telers vermoeden een rol van belichten. Onderzocht is of LED belichting mogelijk kan bijdragen aan betere bladkwaliteit en productieverhoging bij een lagere stroomvraag.
Flux-controlled quantum computation with Majorana fermions (2013)

Majorana fermions hold promise for quantum computation, because their non-Abelian braiding statistics allows for topologically protected operations on quantum information. Topological qubits can be constructed from pairs of well-separated Majoranas in networks of nanowires. The coupling to a superconducting charge qubit in a transmission line resonator (transmon) permits braiding of Majoranas by external variation of magnetic fluxes. We show that readout operations can also be fully flux controlled, without requiring microscopic control over tunnel couplings. We identify the minimal circuit that can perform the initialization-braiding-measurement steps required to demonstrate non-Abelian statistics. We introduce the Random Access Majorana Memory (RAMM), a scalable circuit that can perform a joint parity measurement on Majoranas belonging to a selection of topological qubits. Such multiqubit measurements allow for the efficient creation of highly entangled states and simplify quantum error correction protocols by avoiding the need for ancilla qubits.
Application of Low-Field NMR to the Unambiguous Assignment of Spin-Coupling Parameters. I. Pentafluoro-Iodobenzene (1967)

A low-frequency internal-lock spectrometer system, obtained by substitution of a 6.14-MHz rf unit and probe in a Varian HA−100 spectrometer, makes it possible to record high-quality precalibrated 1H and 19F spectra at about 1.5 kG. Since at such field strengths, chemical shifts are reduced by about one order of magnitude compared to usual conditions, determinations of relative signs of coupling constants (J's) and assignment of J's to particular pairs of nuclei can be made in many cases in which this is not possible at 14 or 23 kG due to ``first-order'' characteristics of spectra. In this way, the relative signs of the three meta JFF's in C6F5I were determined, and the values of −4.95 and −1.22 Hz were unambiguously assigned to J26 and J35, respectively. (These signs are based on ortho JFF&amp;lt;0, as found in a preliminary analysis of the 6.14-MHz spectrum of C6HF5.) In general, low-frequency (∼6 MHz) field-lock NMR spectroscopy yields detailed information on spin coupling constants, when ``non-first-order'' conditions can thus be created.
“Don't Free Us!” (2007)

Based on the analysis of brick kiln moulders in south India, this paper illustrates the historical and social build up of strongly segmented migration networks. This segmentation, over time, has rendered them almost completely irrevocable. The salary advance plays a determinant role in this process of sector path-dependence. The propensity to go deep into debt is now such that the workers no longer have any alternative. The advance and the other forms of credit to which it gives access are fully integrated in family budget management as well as in individual and collective aspirations, especially matrimonial alliances. The advance is at the heart of the social building of local labour and credit markets, as well as forms of social mobility, or at least perceived as such since the dependency upon the brick kiln sector prevents the moulders from coming out of this poverty trap.
206 Modeling and analysis of machine tool production (2013)

Machine tool production is dynamic and complex, then production plans in each department fluctuates heavily. In such a situation, it is difficult for the production management department to control machine tool production effectively because each of production plans cannot be synchronized properly. In addition, it is still not clear how a production plan is made and conducted at an actual production site because implicit knowledge and know-how are often applied. In this study, we try to analyze production at an actual production site by modeling production system and production planning based on an actual data of the machine tool company.
PEROXIDE CROSS-LINKING OF EPDM USING MOVING DIE RHEOMETER MEASUREMENTS. II: EFFECTS OF THE PROCESS OILS (2017)

ABSTRACT A series of compounds based on peroxide-cured ethylene–propylene–diene monomer rubber (EPDM) was prepared with varying amounts of paraffinic process oil, such as Sunpar 2280, squalane, and dodecane. The cross-linked network composition of EPDM vulcanizates, which correlated directly with the structure and the concentration of process oils, was successfully carried out by either an exponential or a linear fitting procedure. It was found that an increase in process oil concentration caused a decrease in total cross-link density, which could be quantitatively divided into the effect of dilution and chemical effect of oil, represented as a linear and an exponential function of process oil concentration, respectively. Experimental results indicated that whether dilution effect or chemical effect, the addition of Sunpar 2280 affected the decrease of cross-link densities of EPDM vulcanizates most obviously, followed by squalane, and then dodecane, which was the weakest. On the other hand, at lower squalane loading, the chemical effect of squalane dominated the decrease of cross-link density of peroxide-cured EPDMs compared with the dilution effect of oils. Gel permeation chromatography spectra confirmed squalane could consume the free radicals derived from peroxide, forming dimers and trimers, and the variation of squalane content did not affect the activation energy of the cross-linking reaction calculated based on the Kissinger method. The cross-linking efficiency of peroxide and physical entanglement density both linearly decreased with the increase of squalane content.
A Survey of Impedance Measurement Methods in Power Electronics (2022)

Impedance is one of the vital parameters that provides useful information for many power electronics related applications. A lot of impedance measurement methods in power electronics have been reported. However, a comprehensive investigation among these methods in terms of their characteristics, advantages, and limitations has not been found in the literature. In order to bridge this gap, a survey of the impedance measurement methods is conducted in this paper. These methods are introduced, discussed, and then classified into different categories depending on the measurement modes, principles, and instruments. Moreover, recommendations for the future research on the impedance measurement are also presented.
Terahertz Time Domain Spectroscopy to Detect Low‐Frequency Vibrations of Double‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Abstract We have measured the frequency‐dependent real index of refraction and extinction coefficient (and hence the complex dielectric function) of a free‐standing double‐walled carbon nanotube film of thickness 200 nm by using terahertz time domain spectroscopy in the frequency range 0.1 to 2.5 THz. The real index of refraction and extinction coefficient have very high values of approximately 52 and 35, respectively, at 0.1 THz, which decrease at higher frequencies. Two low‐frequency phonon modes of the carbon nanotubes at 0.45 and 0.75 THz were clearly observed for the first time in the real and imaginary parts of the complex dielectric function along with a broad resonance centred at around 1.45 THz, the latter being similar to that in single‐walled carbon nanotubes assigned to electronic excitations. Our experiments bring out a possible application of double‐walled carbon nanotube films as a neutral density filter in the THz range.
Research on Electronic Information Industry Policy in India (2013)

The status of electronic information industry in the national economy is rising in India.Being Highly dependent on the export of software services outsourcing,electronic manufacturing is extremely weak,and there are hidden risks for the India's electronic information industry structure and information security.Therefore,the Indian government has taken to build the electronics design and manufacturing ecosystem,applicate information technology to promote the economic growth,and advance the e-government services,strengthen infrastructure construction and other policy measures.
Phosphorylation of eIF4E by MNKs supports protein synthesis, cell cycle progression and proliferation in prostate cancer cells (2008)

Deregulation of the phosphatidyl inositol trisphosphate kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and RAS/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/MNK pathways frequently occurs in human prostate carcinomas (PCas) and leads to aberrant modulation of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation. We have investigated the relative contribution of these pathways to translational regulation and proliferation of PCa cells. MNK-dependent phosphorylation of eIF4E is elevated in DU145 cells, which have low basal levels of AKT/mTOR activity due to the expression of the tumor suppressor PTEN. In contrast, eIF4E phosphorylation is low in PC3 and LNCaP cells with mutated PTEN and constitutively active AKT/mTOR pathway, but it can be strongly induced through inhibition of mTOR activity by rapamycin or serum depletion. Remarkably, we found that inhibition of MNKs strongly reduced the polysomal recruitment of terminal oligopyrimidine messenger RNAs (TOP mRNAs), which are known targets of mTOR-dependent translational control. Pull-down assays of the eIF4F complex indicated that translation initiation was differently affected by inhibition of MNKs and mTOR. In addition, concomitant treatment with MNK inhibitor and rapamycin exerted additive effects on polysomal recruitment of TOP mRNAs and protein synthesis. The MNK inhibitor was more effective than rapamycin in blocking proliferation of PTEN-expressing cells, whereas combination of the two inhibitors suppressed cell cycle progression in both cell lines. Microarray analysis showed that MNK affected translation of mRNAs involved in cell cycle progression. Thus, our results indicate that a balance between the activity of the AKT/mTOR and the MAPK/MNK pathway in PCa cells maintains a defined translational level of specific mRNAs required for ribosome biogenesis, cell proliferation and stress response and might confer to these cells the ability to overcome negative insults.
Highly Disordered Crystal Structure and Thermoelectric Properties of Sn3P4 (2008)

The crystal structure of Sn3P4, a long-known tin phosphide, has been determined. It crystallizes in the trigonal space group R3̄m with unit-cell parameters a = 4.4315(1) Å and c = 28.393(1) Å (Z = 3). The crystal structure of Sn3P4 is disordered. It consists of alternating layers of phosphorus and tin atoms that are combined into five-layer blocks and propagate along the c-axis. The major structural feature is the disordered orientation of the P24– dumbbells, which link the tin atoms. The latter possess two types of coordination. One third of the tin atoms reside inside the block and are octahedrally coordinated by phosphorus atoms. The rest of the tin atoms confine the block and possess a [3 + 3] environment made up of three close phosphorus neighbors and three rather distant (3.4 Å) tin atoms of the adjacent block. The coordination of the tin atoms is confirmed by 119Sn Mössbauer spectroscopy. The electron diffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy data reveal ordered regions at the microscopic level, which do not result in any superstructure formation for the bulk sample. Physical property measurements show that Sn3P4 is a narrow-gap semiconductor. Upon cooling to 150 K it undergoes a remarkable transition from n-type conduction with electrons as charge carriers to p-type conduction with holes as charge carries. Despite the large amount of disorder in the crystal structure, Sn3P4 has a relatively high thermal conductivity of about 8 W m–1 K–1.
Simultaneous Topology Optimization of Membrane Wings and Their Compliant Flapping Mechanisms (2012)

This work explores the interdependencies between the topological design of a compliant flapping mechanism and that of a flight-loaded elastic membrane-wing skeleton. This is done via a monolithic aeroelastic framework that encompasses the compliant-mechanism deformation, the motion of a flexible wing, and the transmission of aerodynamic and inertial forces back into the mechanism. A cellular-based evolutionary topology optimization scheme is used for mechanism design, wing design, or both simultaneously. The latter approach is shown to provide superior performance as this allows the tightly coupled nature of the two structures to be fully exploited. The results presented here also demonstrate potential issues that arise during wing design if the flapping kinematics are assumed to be prescribed. Finally, the mechanism topology is further improved via a gradient-based sizing/shape optimization to decrease actuator requirements as well as the time-dependent elastic stresses.
In memoriam the Sydney International Exhibition, 1879: enduring urban and cultural legacies (2010)

The first international exhibition in the Southern Hemisphere was held in Sydney, Australia,in 1879. A magnificent Garden Palace was constructed on the harbour fore shores surmountedby a marvellous dome that was not only the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, but rankedsixth in the world for size. Constructed entirely of timber, it was not expected to standforever, but its passing came sooner than expected when it was destroyed by a great fire in1882. This paper argues that although the Sydney International Exhibition and Garden Palacewere ephemeral entities, they left an indelible mark on the collective psyche of the people andthe city through the development of an urban ethos that linked urban development to higherideals of nation building. The exhibits on show from around the world encouraged visitors tocompare themselves to other nations and to define their national identity. The staging of theevent focussed attention on the city, providing new media and experiences by which peoplecould orient themselves to their urban milieu. The emphasis placed on the city and urbanculture stimulated urban growth and influenced its form. Efforts were intensified to endowSydney with cultural institutions and amenities, and urbanism came to provide a sharedlanguage with the Old World, essential to the construction of an Australian national identity.This paper will examine two major strands of the exhibition - the exhibits on show and theurban focus of the event itself. It will demonstrate the manner in which the SydneyInternational Exhibition generated shared sentiments that endured at least until the turn of thecentury and contributed to the development of the city.
An efficient formulation of the flow refueling location model for alternative-fuel stations (2012)

The Flow-Refueling Location Model (FRLM) locates a given number of refueling stations on a network to maximize the traffic flow among origin–destination pairs that can be refueled given the driving range of alternative-fuel vehicles. Traditionally, the FRLM has been formulated using a two-stage approach: the first stage generates combinations of locations capable of serving the round trip on each route, and then a mixed-integer programming approach is used to locate p facilities to maximize the flow refueled given the feasible combinations created in the first stage. Unfortunately, generating these combinations can be computationally burdensome and heuristics may be necessary to solve large-scale networks. This article presents a radically different mixed-binary-integer programming formulation that does not require pre-generation of feasible station combinations. Using several networks of different sizes, it is shown that the proposed model solves the FRLM to optimality as fast as or faster than currently utilized greedy and genetic heuristic algorithms. The ability to solve real-world problems in reasonable time using commercial math programming software offers flexibility for infrastructure providers to customize the FRLM to their particular fuel type and business model, which is demonstrated in the formulation of several FRLM extensions.