gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biological control: a global perspective: case studies from around the world (2016)

Biological control: a global perspective: case studies from around the world , Biological control: a global perspective: case studies from around the world , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Oxidation Level and Glycidyl Ether Structure Determine Thermal Processability and Thermomechanical Properties of Arabinoxylan-Derived Thermoplastics (2020)

Herein we present arabinoxylan (AX)-based thermoplastics obtained by ring opening oxidation and subsequent reduction (dA-AX) combined with hydrophobization with three different glycidyl ethers [n-butyl (BuGE), isopropyl (iPrGE) and 2-ethylhexyl (EtHGE) glycidyl ether]. We also present the relationship of structural composition, thermal processing and thermomechanical properties. The BuGE and iPrGE etherified dA-AXs showed glass transition temperatures (T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt;) far below their degradation temperatures and gave thermoplastic materials when compression-molded at 140˚C. The BuGE (3 mole) etherified dA-AX films at 19 and 31 % oxidation levels exclusively exhibit 244 % (±42) and 267 % (±72) elongation. In contrast, iPrGE-dA-AX samples with shorter and branched terminals in the side chains had maximum 60 % (±19) elongation. The dramatic difference in elongation is assumed to be due to the presence of longer alkoxide chains, higher molar substitution and dual T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; for the BuGE samples. Such superior elongation of AX thermoplastic films and its relationship with molar substitution and T&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; has not been reported before.
Hierarchical Metamodeling: Cross Validation and Predictive Uncertainty (2014)

At Esaform 2013 a hierarchical metamodeling approach had been presented, able to combine the results of numerical simulations and physical experiments into a unique response surface, which is a “fusion” of both data sets. The method had been presented with respect to the structural optimization of a steel tube, filled with an aluminium foam, intended as ananti-intrusion bar. The prediction yielded by a conventional way of metamodeling the results of FEM simulations can be considered trustworthy only if the accuracy of numerical models have been thoroughly tested and the simulation parameters have been sufficiently calibrated. On the contrary, the main advantage of a hierarchical metamodel is to yield a reliable prediction of a response variable to be optimized, even in the presence of non-completely calibrated or accurate FEM models. In order to demonstrate these statements, in this paper the authors wish to compare the prediction ability of a “fusion” metamodel based on under-calibrated simulations, with a conventional approach based on calibrated FEM results. Both metamodels will be cross validated with a “leave-one-out” technique, i.e. by excluding one experimental observation at atime and assessing the predictive ability of the model. Furthermore, the paper will demonstrate how the hierarchical metamodel is able to provide not only an average estimated value for each excluded experimental observation, but also an estimation of uncertainty of the prediction of the average value.
Preparation and Characterization of Pentoxyverine Citrate Micro-Nano Particle Aggregations (2017)

Micro-nano drug particle aggregations were prepared by shearing emulsification, high pressure homogenization and spray freeze drying, particle formational process and optimization of preparation conditions were analyzed, and micro-morphologies, particle size distributions, aerodynamic properties, release performances, inhalation and deposition properties were characterized. Results show that the optimum condition is drug supersaturation 2 and liquid feeding rate 800 mL/h. Micro morphologies of aggregations are porous spherical foamy structure formed by flaky micro-nano particles. The aggregations obtain both of the advantages of low density and large porous particles and micro-nano superficial particles. Tap density is only 0.062 g mL -1 , mass median aerodynamic diameter is 0.93μm, aerosol availability is 59.8%, fine particle fraction is 15.80%, and more than 99% drugs dissolve within 5 min. All above properties are effective for drug delivery and release of DPI.
Small‐Molecule Binding to the Nonquadruplex Form of the Human Telomeric Sequence (2007)

The single-stranded region of the d(TTAGGG) repeat is known to form a G-quadruplex structure in vitro. We report here a novel naphthyridine tetramer (NT) ligand that induces a nonquadruplex structure in the single-stranded region of the human telomeric sequence. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2007/z600564_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Robust Low-Rank Matrix Factorization via Block Iteratively Reweighted Least-Squares (2022)

In this paper, we concentrate on the problem of low-rank matrix factorization (LRMF) in the presence of outliers and missing observations. This problem is paramount in practice as a variety of applications, such as signal processing, wireless communications, and machine learning, fit such an LRMF paradigm. We introduces a general LRMF formulation of minimizing the outlier robust <tex>$\ell_{p}$</tex> -based fitting term plus structure-promoting constraints, including nonnegativity and/or sparsity. To address this computationally intractable problem, we develop an algorithmic framework, named block iteratively reweighted least-squares (BIRLS). Each iteration of BIRLS is obtained by minimizing a regularized reweighted <tex>$\ell_{2}$</tex> -based problem with a closed-form solution in an interweaved block update fashion. Meanwhile, we prove that the whole iterative sequence of BIRLS is convergent and converges to a stationary point of the original problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Design and Modeling of Generalized Fiber-Reinforced Pneumatic Soft Actuators (2015)

Soft actuators comprised of fluidic structures with fiber-reinforced elastomeric enclosures are seen throughout nature, exhibiting strength, power density, resilience, and diverse motions and forces. However, these structures are rarely used by engineers, in part due to the absence of a generalized understanding of their kinematics and forces. A small subset of soft actuators generating only extension or compression, popularly known as McKibben actuators, has been thoroughly investigated. This paper introduces the entire design space of actuators built with two families of fibers, of which McKibben actuators occupy a subset. The helix angle of the actuator's translation and rotation deformation is determined from the kinematics of the fiber deformation for all fiber angles as the actuator is pressurized. The volumetric transduction of the actuators, relating the output motion to change in contained volume, is analytically determined. The results are discretized to provide a designer with an easy to use design selection chart. The kinematics, force, and moment of the actuators are experimentally validated for all fiber angles.
Effect of Humidity on the Permeability of Alcohols in Hydroxylpropyl Xylan Films (2017)

Inverse gas chromatography (IGC) was used to study the effect of humidity on the permeability of selected low molecular weight alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol) through films made up of a hydrophilic polymer hydroxypropyl xylan (HPX). The thin films used consisted of a neat HPX film and a HPX film with sorbitol, a commonly used food grade plasticizer, (HPX/Sorbitol) and a HPX film with sorbitol and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) (HPX/Sorbitol/CNC). Diffusivity and solubility of the alcohols at infinite dilution were measured at relative humidity (RH) values of 0%, 30%, 50% and 70% of the carrier gas (helium). Permeability was then calculated using the measured diffusivity and solubility. Diffusion coefficients of the alcohols showed a maximum at about 50% RH in all films. And solubility coefficients of the alcohols were more or less insensitive to the RH. Permeability coefficients of the alcohols exhibited a maximum at around 50% RH as well suggesting that diffusion, not dissolution, dominated the permeability behaviour. The RH dependence of diffusion, thereby permeability, was attributed to the combined effects of plasticizing, swelling, water clustering and alcohol-water clustering. The measured weight-fraction-based Henry's constants suggested that water contents in the films were relatively low, suggesting that water clustering might only take place in the neat HPX film at 70% RH.
Vergleich der myokardialen Wandgeschwindigkeit mit der MRT zwischen Patienten nach Korrektur einer Fallotschen Tetralogie und Patienten mit Vorhofumkehroperation bei Transposition der großen Gef& (2004)

Ziele: Mittels MRT ist es möglich, myokardiale Wandgeschwindigkeiten zu quantifizieren und so eine differenzierte Aussage über die Herzfunktion zu ermöglichen. Ziel dieser Untersuchung war es zu ermitteln, welche Unterschiede zwischen den myokardialen Wandgeschwindigkeiten bei verschiedenen angeborenen Herzfehler bestehen und wie sich diese von einem Normalkollektiv unterscheiden. Methode: Es wurden 45 Patienten (22 weiblich, 23 männlich) zwischen sechs und 61 Jahren drei bis 24 Jahre nach der Korrektur einer TOF und 25 Patienten (9 weiblich, 16 männlich) mit einer d-TGA zwischen neun und 26 Jahren 17±4,7 Jahre nach Vorhofumkehroperation an einem 1.5T Gyroscan NT Intera MRT-Gerät (Philips, Best, Niederlande) untersucht. Die Ergebnisse wurden miteinander und mit einem Normalkollektiv aus 18 Probanden verglichen. Die 3D-Geschwindigkeitsmessung erfolgte in drei Raumrichtungen an jeweils drei intramyokardialen Punkten nahe der AV-Klappenebene im Vierkammerblick (IVS, LV-Lateralwand und freie Wand des RV). Ergebnis: Es zeigte sich, dass bei der Hälfte der Patienten mit einer Vorhofumkehroperation und einem Drittel der Patienten mit korrigierter TOF eine unphysiologische Bewegung des IVS in rechts-links-Richtung vorliegt, die zu einer im Mittel niedrigeren LV-Funktion bei den TOF-Pat. führte (EF=53,9 vs. 56,9%). Die myokardialen Spitzenflussgeschwindigkeiten (SFG) im LV der TGA-Patienten wiesen systolisch im Mittel unwesentlich erhöhte Werte im Vergleich zu denen der TOF-Patienten (7,3 vs. 6,4cm/s), für den RV im Mittel systolisch (5,7 vs. 6,8cm/s) sowie frühdiastolisch (5,5 vs. 6,7cm/s) erniedrigte Geschwindigkeiten auf. Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die MRT mit Hilfe der PCT in der Lage ist, differenziertere Aussagen über die diastolische und systolische Funktion des RV und LV zu treffen als dies mit der Echokardiographie möglich ist. Weiterhin ist eine genauere Aussage über die Ventrikelfunktion möglich, als durch alleinige MR-Volumetrie.
Optimized MIMO Antenna Port Placement using Characteristic Modes (2020)

Characteristic Mode Analysis (CMA) identifies characteristic current modes in an arbitrary conductive structure. A unique property of these characteristic modes is that they give rise to orthogonal radiation patterns, making them useful for designing MIMO antennas. Our algorithm uses data from CMA to automatically place ports on a cell phone chassis and synthesize a MIMO antenna at 2.5 GHz. Using our algorithm, we show port placements and excitations that give rise to six isolated channels.
The Synchro Control System for Mobile Applications (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes an advanced open loop valve system primarily for mobile hydraulic applications. This load sensing valve system substantially improves the simultaneous operation of multiple functions in open loop hydraulic systems.&lt;/div&gt;
A New Approach to Endogenous Event-Related Potentials in Man: Relation Between Eeg and P300-Wave (1984)

The family of late positive waves which occur at latencies of 250 to 500 msec (P300) has been the most widely studied endogenous event related potential of the brain. We performed experiments with human subjects by applying repetitive acoustical tone bursts; every third or fourth signal was omitted. The endogenous potential related to the omitted stimulation was first averaged. The averaged record was then transformed to frequency domain with Fourier analysis in order to obtain the frequency characteristics. We observed frequency selectivities between 1-2.5 Hz, 3-8 Hz and between 8-13 Hz. After this procedure, single epochs of prestimulus EEG and endogenous potentials were pass-band filtered in the above frequency ranges. The comparison of filtered prestimulus EEG and of single endogenous responses gave the following results: In delta and theta frequency ranges the EEG prior to omitted stimulation showed in most of the trials a phase-reordering; the P300-wave seems to be a continuation of the ordered and stationary pre-EEG. In some cases the P300-wave depicts an amplitude-enhancement against the delta and theta components of the pre-EEG. Alpha-enhancement and alpha-blocking also make important contributions to the organization of the endogenous event-related potentials.
Spin‐Crossover 2D Metal–Organic Frameworks with a Redox‐Active Ligand: [Fe(ttf‐adpy)2M(CN)4]·nH2O (ttf‐adpy = 4‐Tetrathiafulvalenylcarboxamidopyridine; MII = Ni, Pd, Pt) (2008)

Abstract A new ttf (tetrathiofulvalene) ligand containing an amidopyridine moiety was synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical study of the 4‐tetrathiofulvalenylcarboxamidopyridine (ttf–adpy) ligand showed two reversible oxidation processes at E I′ 1/2 = 0.08 V/Fc + –Fc and E II′ 1/2 = 0.26 V/Fc + –Fc. The crystal structure of [(ttf–adpyH) 2 Pt(CN) 4 ] ( 1 ) was solved at 293 K, where 1 displays the triclinic space group P $\bar {1}$ . The ttf–adpyH + molecule is planar, and the bond lengths within the ttf core are in the usual range for neutral ttf moieties. The ttf–adpyH + molecules and the [Pt(CN) 4 ] 2– anions organize in a three‐dimensional network by means of hydrogen bonds and short S ··· S contacts. In the network, the ttf–adpy molecules order following the pattern ‐D‐A‐D‐A‐ (D = donor, pyridine; A = acceptor, ttf moieties). Reaction of the Fe(BF 4 ) 2 · 6H 2 O salt, ttf–adpy ligand and the [M(CN) 4 ] 2– coordinating counterions led to the 2D Hofmann‐like polymers {Fe(ttf–adpy) 2 [M(CN) 4 ]} · n H 2 O [M = Ni II ; n = 1.5 ( 2 ), 0 ( 5 ); Pd II ; n = 2 ( 3 ), 0 ( 6 ); Pt II n = 2 ( 4 ), 0 ( 7 )]. A 2D structure for 2 – 7 was proposed on the basis of analytical data. Compounds 2 – 4 present a complete thermally induced two‐step spin transition. It is observed in the temperature interval from 100 to 200 K for 2 ; whereas for 3 and 4 it occurred in the interval of 200–250 K. The spin‐transition properties of 2 – 4 were found to be strongly dependent on the water content, as nonhydrated materials 5 – 7 are paramagnetic in the studied temperature range (5–350 K). The thermodynamic parameters associated with the spin transition estimated from DSCmeasurements are: Δ H 1 = 5.7 kJ mol –1 ( 3 ), 6.2 kJ mol –1 ( 4 ),Δ H 2 = 6.5 kJ mol –1 ( 3 ), 7.2 kJ mol –1 ( 4 ) and Δ S 1 = 24 J K –1 mol –1 ( 3 ), 26.6 J K –1 mol –1 ( 4 ), Δ S 2 = 30.4 J K –1 mol –1 ( 3 ) and32.8 J K –1 mol –1 ( 4 ).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Peptidomimetic inhibitor of L-plastin reduces osteoclastic bone resorption in aging female mice (2021)

L-plastin (LPL) was identified as a potential regulator of the actin-bundling process involved in forming nascent sealing zones (NSZs), which are precursor zones for mature sealing zones. TAT-fused cell-penetrating small molecular weight LPL peptide (TAT- MARGSVSDEE, denoted as an inhibitory LPL peptide) attenuated the formation of NSZs and impaired bone resorption in vitro in osteoclasts. Also, the genetic deletion of LPL in mice demonstrated decreased eroded perimeters and increased trabecular bone density. In the present study, we hypothesized that targeting LPL with the inhibitory LPL peptide in vivo could reduce osteoclast function and increase bone density in a mice model of low bone mass. We injected aging C57BL/6 female mice (36 weeks old) subcutaneously with the inhibitory and scrambled peptides of LPL for 14 weeks. Micro-CT and histomorphometry analyses demonstrated an increase in trabecular bone density of femoral and tibial bones with no change in cortical thickness in mice injected with the inhibitory LPL peptide. A reduction in the serum levels of CTX-1 peptide suggests that the increase in bone density is associated with a decrease in osteoclast function. No changes in bone formation rate and mineral apposition rate, and the serum levels of P1NP indicate that the inhibitory LPL peptide does not affect osteoblast function. Our study shows that the inhibitory LPL peptide can block osteoclast function without impairing the function of osteoblasts. LPL peptide could be developed as a prospective therapeutic agent to treat osteoporosis.
A mutation in the RNA polymerase of poliovirus type 1 contributes to attenuation in mice (1993)

The attenuated Sabin strain of poliovirus type 1 (PV-1) differs from the neurovirulent PV-1 Mahoney strain by 55 nucleotide mutations. Only one of these mutations (A-480-->G, in the 5' noncoding (5' NC) region of the genome, is well characterized, and it confers a strong attenuating effect. We attempted to identify genetic attenuation determinants in the 3'-terminal part of the Sabin 1 genome including the 3D polymerase (3Dpol) gene and the 3' NC region. Previous studies suggested that some of the 11 mutations in this region of the Sabin 1 genome, and in particular a mutation in the polymerase gene (U-6203-->C, Tyr-73-->His), are involved to some extent in the attenuation of PV-1. We analyzed the attenuating effect in the mouse model by using the mouse-adapted PV-1/PV-2 chimeric strain v510 (a Mahoney strain carrying nine amino acids of the VP1 capsid protein from the Lansing strain of PV-2). Mutagenesis of locus 6203 was performed on the original v510 (U-6203-->C) and also on a hybrid v510/Sabin 1 (C-6203-->U) carrying the downstream 1,840 nucleotides of the Sabin 1 genome including the 3Dpol and 3' NC regions. Statistical analysis of disease incidence and time to disease onset in numerous mice inoculated with these strains strongly suggested that nucleotide C-6203 is involved in the attenuation of the Sabin 1 strain. Results also suggested that, among the mutations located in the 3Dpol and 3' NC regions, nucleotide C-6203 may be the principal or the only one to be involved in attenuation in this mouse model. We also found that the effect of C-6203 was weaker than that of nucleotide G-480; the two nucleotides acted independently and may have a cumulative effect on attenuation. The U-6203-->C substitution also appeared to contribute to the thermosensitivity of the Sabin 1 strain.
Band gap engineering of TiO2 through hydrogenation (2014)

The band gap of rutile TiO2 is reduced remarkably through high-temperature annealing in hydrogen atmosphere, and the absorption of visible light of the hydrogenated-TiO2 can be enhanced. These modifications of hydrogenated-TiO2 become more evident with the increase in annealing hydrogen pressure. A defect band arises near the valence band upon hydrogenation while the conduction band remains almost unchanged, which helps for meeting the requirements for hydrogen production through water splitting. This method could be also indicative for the band gap adjustment of other oxide semiconductors.
Bubble phenomena in three-phase fluidized beds as viewed by a U-shaped fiber optic probe (1984)

A novel U-shaped fiber optic probe was applied in the present contribution to the characterization of bubbles in a cylindrical three-phase fluidized bed. Air, water and glass beads (335..mu..m) were used as the gas, liquid and solid phases respectively. Several single core silica fibers were used to guide the helium-neon laser beams into the fluidized bed, each of them constituting a U-probe. The design of the U-probes was based on the difference of refraction indexes between gas and liquid phases. Using the U-shaped probes, bubble characteristics such as shape, included angle, bubble velocity and axial bubble length were systematically measured. In addition, the changes of the bubble frequency with the radial position, the variations of the mean bubble diameter with the liquid superficial velocity, the bubble size distribution and their changes with the fluidized bed operation conditions were also investigated.
Data from Angiopoietin-2 Stimulates Breast Cancer Metastasis through the α<sub>5</sub>β<sub>1</sub> Integrin-Mediated Pathway (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Acquisition of a metastatic phenotype by breast cancer cells includes alternations of multigenic programs that permit tumor cells to metastasize to distant organs. Here, we report that angiopoietin-2 (Ang2), a known growth factor, is capable of promoting breast cancer cell invasion leading to metastasis. Analysis of 185 primary human breast cancer specimens that include 97 tumors showing lymph node and/or distant metastasis reveals a significant correlation between the expression of Ang2 and E-cadherin, Snail, metastatic potential, tumor grade, and lymph-vascular invasion during breast cancer progression. Using a xenograft model, we show that overexpression of Ang2 in poorly metastatic MCF-7 breast cancer cells suppresses expression of E-cadherin and induces Snail expression and phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) promoting metastasis to the lymph nodes and lung. In cell culture, Ang2 promotes cell migration and invasion in Tie2-deficient breast cancer cells through the α&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; integrin/integrin-linked kinase (ILK)/Akt, GSK-3β/Snail/E-cadherin signaling pathway. Inhibition of ILK and the α&lt;sub&gt;5&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; integrin abrogates Ang2 modulation of Akt, GSK-3β, Snail, and E-cadherin and Ang2-stimulated breast cancer cell migration and invasion. Together, these results underscore the significant contribution of Ang2 in cancer progression, not only by stimulating angiogenesis but also by promoting metastasis, and provide a mechanism by which breast cancer cells acquire an enhanced invasive phenotype contributing to metastasis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(9):4254–63]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Lipid rafts of mouse liver contain nonextended and extended acetylcholinesterase variants along with M3 muscarinic receptors (2016)

The observation of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) type H (AChE<sub>H</sub>), which is the predominant AChE variant in visceral organs and immune cells, in lipid rafts of muscle supports functional reasons for the raft targeting of glypiated AChE<sub>H</sub> The search for these reasons revealed that liver AChE activity is mostly confined to rafts and that the liver is able to make N-extended AChE variants and target them to rafts. These results prompted us to test whether AChE and muscarinic receptors existed in the same raft. Isolation of flotillin-2-rich raft fractions by their buoyancy in sucrose gradients, followed by immunoadsorption and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry application, gave the following results: 1) most hepatic AChE activity emanates from AChE-H mRNA, and its product, glypiated AChE<sub>H</sub>, accumulates in rafts; 2) N-extended N-AChE readthrough variant, nonglypiated N-AChE<sub>H</sub>, and N-AChE tailed variant were all identified in liver rafts; and 3) M3 AChRs were observed in rafts, and coprecipitation of raft-confined N-AChE and M3 receptors by using anti-M3 antibodies showed that enzyme and receptor reside in the same raft unit. A raft domain that harbors tightly packed muscarinic receptor and AChE may represent a molecular device that, by means of which, the intensity and duration of cholinergic inputs are regulated.-Montenegro, M. F., Cabezas-Herrera, J., Campoy, F. J., Muñoz-Delgado, E., Vidal, C. J. Lipid rafts of mouse liver contain nonextended and extended acetylcholinesterase variants along with M3 muscarinic receptors.