gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low loss mode size converter from 0.3 µm square Si wire waveguides to singlemode fibres (2002)

A novel integrated mode size converter for single-mode Si wire waveguides is presented. The mode size converter is constructed with two-dimensional tapered Si waveguides and overlaid high-index polymer waveguides. We calculated the proposed mode size converter characteristics, and fabricated 1.09 mm length Si wire waveguides with the converters. The measured loss of the mode size converter was 0.8 dB per conversion, and the total insertion loss through the sample with an Si wire waveguide was 3.5 dB.
Optimal Channel Access Management with QoS Support for Cognitive Vehicular Networks (2010)

We consider the problem of optimal channel access to provide quality of service (QoS) for data transmission in cognitive vehicular networks. In such a network, the vehicular nodes can opportunistically access the radio channels (referred to as shared-use channels) which are allocated to licensed users. Also, they are able to reserve a channel for dedicated access (referred to as exclusive-use channel) for data transmission. A channel access management framework is developed for cluster-based communication among vehicular nodes. This framework has three components: opportunistic access to shared-use channels, reservation of exclusive-use channel, and cluster size control. A hierarchical optimization model is then developed for this framework to obtain the optimal policy. The objective of the optimization model is to maximize the utility of the vehicular nodes in a cluster and to minimize the cost of reserving exclusive-use channel while the QoS requirements of data transmission (for vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-roadside communications) are met, and also the constraint on probability of collision with licensed users is satisfied. This hierarchical optimization model comprises of two constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) formulations - one for opportunistic channel access, and the other for joint exclusive-use channel reservation and cluster size control. An algorithm is presented to solve this hierarchical optimization model. Performance evaluation results show the effectiveness of the optimal channel access management policy. The proposed optimal channel access management framework will be useful to support mobile computing and intelligent transportation system (ITS) applications in vehicular networks.
Radio frequency control system for the DUVFEL (2004)

A new RF control system was designed and implemented to support short pulse High Gain Harmonic Generation (HGHG) experiments, which require subpicosecond synchronization between the laser and the accelerating RF fields. This control system consists of a 81 MHz crystal oscillator to drive both the Ti::Sapphire laser and a 2856 MHz synthesizer, direct vector modulators that control the amplitude and phase of the klystron drive and vector de-modulators for amplitude and phase measurement. RF and electron beam based measurement results of the RF to laser jitter are presented as well as experimental results of synthesizing the RF directly from the 81.6 MHz pump laser pulse train.
Corrosion of Copper-Gold Alloys by Oxygen-Containing Solutions of Ammonia and Ammonium Salts (1956)

Copper‐gold alloys, ranging in gold content from zero to 15 at. %, were exposed to stirred aqueous solutions of ammonia and ammonium salts under oxygen partial pressures of up to 6.8 at. Only copper dissolved under these conditions, a gold‐rich film being left behind on the surface of the alloy. As the gold content of the alloys was increased, the rate of solution of copper generally fell off and the rate law shifted from linear, usually to parabolic. Alloys containing 15 at. % gold corroded slowly in solutions containing ammonia only, but were passive in the presence of ammonium sulfate. The effect on the kinetics of solution composition, oxygen pressure, and temperature are described, and some of the factors which limit the rate of corrosion are discussed. It is concluded that, under certain conditions, copper oxides are formed which contribute to the film structure and to limiting the corrosion rate.
Planetary Fabry-Perot spectroscopy (1986)

Application of high spectral resolution, Earth-based Fabry-Perot spectroscopy to the study of planetary atmospheres, for which current topics are outer planet HD and H2 spectra (atmospheric structure, D/H ratio), Mars CO2, CO, O2, and H2O spectra (atomspheric photochemistry), Venus H2O and HDO, associated laboratory spectroscopy (especially H2 overtone bands, HDO) was accomplished. Monochromatic charge coupled device (CCD) imaging photometry of the Jovian nebula, with images taken in rapid sequence among the diagnostic spectral lines of ionized sulfur species, provided self-supporting snapshots of the Jupiter/Io plasma conditions (spatially resolved electron and ion densities and temperatures), covering the post-Voyager period from 1981 and leading up to the Galileo tour in the early 1990s. High spectral resolution Fabry-Perot/charge coupled device (CCD) imaging of comets (OI, CI, and H2O(+) velocity maps and spatial distriubtions), and Io's charge exchanged neutral jet was studied.
The Problem of Experience in Medicine (2011)

The relationship between experience and reason has been one of the main topics in the history of philosophy. Experience and reasoning are the main ways through which human beings acquire knowledge. Experience and reason, however, have not always co-existed peacefully as is well shown in the antagonism between Empiricism and Rationalism in the 17th century European philosophy. Historically speaking, medicine has been the major source of empiricism. The Empiric School of the Hellenistic period claimed the superiority of experience over theory in justifying medical practice, which provoked a hot debate between empiricism and rationalism in medicine. The debate, which was philosophical by nature, has not received the due attention that it deserved. Again the problem of experience in medicine is fully discussed by a Swiss doctor and philosopher J. G. Zimmermann(1728-1795). He distinguished the true experience guided by proper reflections and the false experience which is the blind collection of simple facts. Based on this distinction, he admired Serapion, the founder of the Empiric School, as the possessor of the true experience, and criticized the empirics of his time who had been satisfied with false experience. This paper aims at clarifying the problem of experience in medicine by Zimmermann’s reevaluation of ancient Empiric School.
Evidence for a Role of TGF-β-Activated Kinase 1 and MAP3K7 Binding Protein 3 in Peanut-Specific T-Cell Responses (2019)

Peanut allergy is considered to be the most common cause for food-induced anaphylaxis. Currently, no approved treatment is available. Avoidance is the only measure to prevent anaphylactic reactions to peanuts. T-helper cells are of special importance for the sensitization process and the maintenance of allergic inflammation. Identifying markers of allergen-specific T-cell responses may help to develop novel treatment approaches. Therefore, we aimed to define new T-cell target genes in Ara h 2-specific T cells and to investigate the possibility of using them as biomarkers of peanut allergy in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We performed whole mRNA array analysis (whole human genome oligo microarray) of in vitro expanded Ara h 2-specific T cells (CFSElowCD3+CD4+) from 5 peanut-allergic (PA) and 5 non-peanut-sensitized individuals. Expression of selected genes as a result of a two-step bioinformatic approach was confirmed in a second cohort by quantitative PCR. TGF-β- activated kinase 1 and MAP3K7 binding protein 3 (TAB3), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IV (CAMK4) and HemK methyltransferase family member 1 (HEMK1) were significantly upregulated in Ara h 2-specific T cells of PA patients. In addition, the expression of these genes was also assessed in unstimulated PBMCs from a cohort (n = 43) of PA, atopic non-PA, and nonatopic controls. Interestingly, in unstimulated PBMCs, TAB3 expression was significantly downregulated in PA patients compared to atopic non-PA individuals. Thus, TAB3 may play a significant role at the level of T-cell activation and may also be a candidate biomarker for PA.
Abstract 15355: Primary Prevention for Sudden Cardiac Arrest With Ejection Fraction Less Than 45%, Not 40% is Beneficial in 40-Day Survivors After Acute Myocardial Infarction (2017)

Introduction: Primary prevention with implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is recommended in 40-day survivors after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) less than 40% of ejection fraction (EF)...
A statistical 3D model of the human cortical vasculature to compute the hemodynamic fingerprint of the BOLD fMRI signal (2020)

ABSTRACT BOLD fMRI is a commonly used technique to map brain activity; nevertheless, BOLD fMRI is an indirect measurement of brain function triggered by neurometabolic and neurovascular coupling. Hence, the origin of the BOLD fMRI signal is quite complex, and the signal formation depends, among others, on the geometry of the cortical vasculature and the associated hemodynamic behavior. To characterize and quantify the hemodynamic contributions to the BOLD signal response in humans, it is necessary to adopt a computational model that resembles the human cortical vascular architecture and mimics realistic hemodynamic changes. To this end, we have developed a statistically defined 3D vascular model that resembles the human cortical vasculature. Using this model, we simulated hemodynamic changes triggered by a neuronal activation and local magnetic field disturbances created by the vascular topology and the blood oxygenation changes. The proposed model considers also the biophysical interactions and the intrinsic magnetic properties of the nearby tissue in order to compute a dynamic BOLD fMRI signal response. This computational pipeline results in an integrated biophysical model that can provide a better insight on the understanding and quantification of the hemodynamic fingerprint of the BOLD fMRI signal evolution.
Cross-polarization RF precoding to mitigate mobile misorientation and polarization leakage (2014)

Dual-polarized antennas provide a mechanism to achieve polarization diversity or multiplex non-interfering data streams over-the-air. Practical realization of dual-polarized transmission, however, must overcome challenges such as mobile misorientation with respect to the base station as well as non-ideal polarization isolation. With the advent of mmWave communications, dual-polarized large scale antenna arrays can be realized inexpensively. In this paper, we propose a beamforming algorithm that jointly designs the horizontal and vertical beamformers and combiners to maximize spectral efficiency in the presence of mobile misorientation and polarization leakage. First, we show that dual-polarized antenna arrays introduce channel structure that enables mobile orientation estimation without explicit channel knowledge. We derive the maximum likelihood estimate of the azimuth and elevation mobile rotation. Given these estimates, we design the horizontal and vertical beamformer and combiner with practical RF hardware constraints. We generalize the beamforming algorithm to enable multiplexing multiple data streams across different channel paths in the horizontal and vertical domain. Results show that mobile orientation estimation using dual-polarized antenna arrays achieves over 90% accuracy even below 0 dB. Using a realistic clustered channel model, spectral efficiency gains of the order of 5 dB are demonstrated over dual-polarized antennas with independent horizontal/vertical beam steering as well as single polarized antenna arrays.
Free space optical communications research at the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (2010)

Free space optical (FSO) communication has enjoyed a renewal of interest in the past decade driven by increasing data rate requirements and decreasing amounts of radio frequency spectrum. These needs exist in both the commercial and military sectors. However military communications requirements differ in other ways. At the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) we have been conducting research on FSO communications for over ten years with an emphasis on tactical applications. NRL's FSO research has covered propagation studies in the maritime domain, new component development, and systems demonstrations. In addition NRL has developed both conventional, direct, laser communications systems and retro-reflecting systems. In this paper we review some of this work and discuss possible future applications of FSO communications.
Customer relationship management: An Indian perspective (2014)

Customer Relationship Management (CRM) is a combination of people process& technology that seeks to provide understanding of customer needs to support a business strategy and to build long term relationship with customers. Customer relationship management can help organization manage customer interactions more effectively to maintain competitiveness in the present economy as more& more organization realize the significance of becoming customer centric in today's competitive era they adopted CRMas a core business strategy and invested heavily in CRM, an integration of information technology and relationship marketing provides the infrastructure that facilitates long term relationship building with customers at an enterprise-wide level. successful utilization of the integrated technology requires appropriate business processes and organization culture to adequately address human behavioural elements because it is not simply a technology solution success in customer relationship management business revolves largely around people. The main goal of the research is to ensure the principal of customer orientation and utilization of customer relationship management in organizations and industrial and enterprises perspectives. This paper attempts to throw light on the conceptual issues associated with customer relationship management. The paper explains the current framework of organizations and explores the challenges and opportunities businesses have with customer relationship management.
Downhole Blowout Preventer (2001)

Abstract A downhole blowout preventer (DHBOP) for improved well control while drilling has been developed and tested. The tool is not meant to replace the traditional BOP, but to be an additional barrier when the mud is out of control. The tool is located in the bottom hole assembly. The wellbore can be sealed off in case of an influx or lost circulation. Mud of adequate density is circulated through the drillstring and into the annulus just above the downhole seal until wanted wellbore pressure is achieved. The field test has demonstrated the functions of the tool, but also identified needs for improvements. Tool modifications may also introduce additional functions like multi-operational circulation port, drillstring choke and test plug for traditional BOPs.
Determining the maximum open circuit voltage from absorber photoluminescence in the presence of tail states (2014)

We develop a general model for sub-bandgap absorption that includes the Urbach, Franz-Keldysh, and Thomas-Fermi models as limiting forms. Combination of this absorption scheme with a generalized Kirchhoff law for spontaneous emission of photons yields a model of photoluminescence (PL) with broad applicability to many semiconductors. This model allows for full-spectrum fitting of absolute intensity PL data and outputs: (1) the functional form of sub-bandgap absorption, (2) the energy broadening term (3) the direct bandgap, (4) the local temperature, and (5) the quasi-Fermi Level Splitting (QFLS). The accuracy of the model is demonstrated by fitting the room temperature PL spectrum of GaAs. It is then applied to Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ZnSn(S,Se) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> to reveal the nature of their tail states. The extracted QFLS is shown to accurately predict the open-circuit voltage of devices fabricated from the materials.
Primal Dual PPO Learning Resource Allocation in Indoor IRS-Aided Networks (2021)

Terahertz communications is regarded as a promising technology due to its higher bandwidth and narrower beamwidths, which can improve capacity and coverage for indoor wireless users. In this paper, the intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) technique and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) are utilized to compensate drawbacks of indoor transmission mismatch in the terahertz band. Then wireless resource allocation optimization in indoor terahertz IRS-aided systems is transformed into a universal optimization problem with ergodic constraints. With the aid of parametrization features of deep neural networks (DNNs), proximal policy optimization (PPO) is adopted to train the policy and corresponding actions to allocate power and bandwidths. The actor part generates continuous power allocation, and the critic part takes charge of discrete bandwidths allocation. In the design of a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) framework, primal dual ascent is proposed to realize model-free training. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the primal dual PPO learning algorithm in different settings.
The Ideal Cortical Button Location on the Lateral Femur for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Suspensory Fixation is 30 mm Proximal to the Lateral Epicondyle (2021)

Different ACL suspensory cortical button locations on the lateral femur have different failure loads based on the cortical thickness of the bone supporting the button. It is important for surgeons to understand which drilling techniques place the button in a proximal and posterior location, especially if the bone quality of the patient is of concern.
Resonant coupling for contactless measurement of carrier lifetime (2013)

Contactless measurements of the recombination lifetime have become the standard in photovoltaic and electronic materials research, as well as in the associated industries. Fast evaluation is a critical need as well as the need to keep the material under test from becoming contaminated by the measurement apparatus. A technique was developed for measuring the transport properties and recombination kinetics of semiconductors and photoconductors [R. K. Ahrenkiel and S. W. Johnston, Mater. Sci. Eng., B 102, 161172 (2003)]. The primary application of this technique is the measurement of carrier lifetime but carrier mobility can also be linked to the data. The author has named the technique resonance-coupled photoconductive decay and it was developed [R. Ahrenkiel, U.S. patent 5,929,652 (27 July 1999); R. Ahrenkiel and S. Johnston, U.S. patent 6,275,060 (14 August 2001); S. Johnston and R. Ahrenkiel, U.S. patent 6,369,603 (9 April 2002)] at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory. The technique provides the rapid measurement of recombination lifetimes that are of vital importance to electronic and photovoltaic materials. These measurements are also of value to a wide range of optoelectronic technologies. The operating frequencies of the measurements here are in the range of 420 to 430 MHz. The detection is based on the coupling of a high-Q resonant antenna to the sample. The operating frequency is chosen to be in the range of the resonant frequency so that the real and imaginary parts of the system impedance, Z, are changing rapidly. Here, these changes in Z about the resonance produce high sensitivity to changes in carrier concentration produced by photoexcitation.
Cochlear Implantation and Electric Acoustic Stimulation in Children With TMPRSS3 Genetic Mutation (2020)

Results indicate that CI with EAS is an appropriate treatment for children with TMPRSS3 genetic mutation. Pediatric results from this case series show more favorable CI outcomes than are currently reported for adults with TMPRSS3 mutation suggesting that the intervention may be time sensitive.
Numerical analysis of projectile penetration and perforation of plain and fiber reinforced concrete slabs (2016)

Summary The research presented in this paper deals with the numerical analysis of projectile impact on regular strength concrete (RSC), high‐strength concrete (HSC), and engineered cementitious composites (ECC) using the Lattice Discrete Particle Model (LDPM). The LDPM is chosen in this study as it naturally captures the failure mechanisms at the length scale of coarse aggregate of concrete, and its capabilities include the accurate depiction of both intrinsic and apparent rate effects in concrete, as well as fiber reinforcement effects. The model is used to predict the experimental impact response performed by four independent testing laboratories, and for each data set the model parameters are calibrated and validated using a combination of uniaxial compression, triaxial compression, uniaxial strain compression, and dogbone tests. In the first study, perforation experiments on RSC and HSC for varied impact velocities are carried out, and the exit velocity is compared with the available experimental data. The second study focuses on ECC, where multiple impact of steel and plastic fiber reinforced concrete panels are explored. A third investigation is performed on four RSC panels with varied thicknesses and subjected to the same impact velocity. In this instance, the model is used to predict the penetration depths for the different cases. Finally, in the last study, the response of large‐thickness infinite panels of sizes ranging from 300 mm to 700 mm under projectile impact is considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Véhicule hybride au gaz naturel VEHGAN : optimisation hors ligne de la gestion d'énergie, proposition d'un module de gestion en ligne et test en co-simulation (2008)

Dans le cadre du projet VEHGAN, la société LMS-Imagine a modifié un logiciel développé au LTE afin de l'adapter au cas particulier du Îhicule SMART mis au point dans le cadre du projet. L'adaptation du logiciel KOALA au projet consiste principalement à prendre en compte la variation des paramètres du stockage (tension et résistance interne) et de la machine électrique (rendement, couple maxi) en fonction de la profondeur de décharge du stockeur (supercapacité). Ce rapport final est organisé en deux parties. La première décrit les modifications apportées au logiciel KOALA, puis l'adaptation pour la commande en ligne sous forme de réseau de neurones. La deuxième partie, réalisée par l'IFP, concerne l'intégration de la commande précitée en co-simulation dans 'environnement AMESim-Simulink.