gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Innate immunity and organ transplantation: focus on lung transplantation (2012)

Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) that occurs with solid organ transplantation activates the innate immune system to induce inflammation. This leads to enhanced acute allograft rejection, impaired transplant tolerance and accelerated progression of chronic rejection. In this review, we discuss the innate immune signaling pathways that have been shown to play a role in organ transplantation. In particular, we focus on Toll-like receptor signaling pathways and how they have influenced outcomes after organ transplantation both experimentally and from clinical studies. Furthermore, we describe the substances that trigger the innate immune system after transplantation and several of the key cellular mediators of inflammation. We specifically point out unique aspects of activation of the innate immune system after lung transplantation. Finally, we discuss the areas that should be investigated in the future to more clearly understand the influence of the innate immune system after organ transplantation.
Quality Factor Based Design Guideline for Optimized Inductive Power Transfer (2020)

In high-power wireless battery charging that uses inductive power transfer, a considerable amount of power losses are located in the transmitter and receiver coils because they carry high resonant currents and typically have a loose coupling between them which increases eddy current losses. Therefore, the nominal operation needs to be chosen such that the coils' losses are minimized. Additionally, the inverter's semiconductors soft-switching improves both the power conversion efficiency and the electromagnetic compatibility of the system, thus it needs to be safeguarded for a wide operating range. However, depending on the chosen quality factor of the coils, it might happen that the minimum coils' losses and soft-switching are not satisfied at the same time. This paper defines a guideline on the parametric selection of the coils' quality factor such that the optimum operation of both the coils and the resonant converter can be achieved simultaneously. This parametric guideline is proposed for resonant converters implementing the four basic compensation networks: series-series, series-parallel, parallel-series, and parallel-parallel. Finally, circuit examples are provided for an 11 kW wireless battery charging system.
Cross Disciplinary Consultancy to Bridge Public Health Technical Needs and Analytic Developers: Negation Detection Use Case (2018)

This paper describes a continuing initiative of the International Society for Disease Surveillance designed to bring together public health practitioners and analytics solution developers from both academia and industry. Funded by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, a series of consultancies have been conducted on a range of topics of pressing concern to public health (e.g. developing methods to enhance prediction of asthma exacerbation, developing tools for asyndromic surveillance from chief complaints). The topic of this final consultancy, conducted at the University of Utah in January 2017, is focused on defining a roadmap for the development of algorithms, tools, and datasets for improving the capabilities of text processing algorithms to identify negated terms (i.e. <i>negation detection</i>) in free-text chief complaints and triage reports.
Excess mortality in Finnish diabetic subjects due to alcohol, accidents and suicide: a nationwide study (2018)

The findings from this large nationwide cohort indicate higher mortality attributable to suicide, alcoholrelated causes and accidents among diabetic patients than among the non-diabetic population. The results emphasize the importance of effective psychosocial interventions among high-risk diabetic patients.
A User Interface for Computer-Based Message huslath* (1989)

This paper describes a generic message translator that enables a computer user without programming knowledge to specify a program for translating between two different computer-based message systems. Thus messages formatted for use in one system can be automatically translated by the computer into the proper format for use in the other system. The computer user works interactively with the computer to specify the translating program, making use of the appropriate visual paradigms for the message structure.
Field and Laboratory Studies of Carbon Tetrachloride Transformation in a Sandy Aquifer under Sulfate Reducing Conditions (1999)

A field experiment was conducted in which carbon tetrachloride (CT) was found to transform to chloroform (CF) and carbon disulfide (CS2) in a ratio of about 2:1. Subsequent laboratory work was undertaken to better define the conditions required for this product ratio and to investigate its use as a means of distinguishing biologically driven and abiotic transformations in aquifers. The field experiment was conducted to assess the efficacy of a bioremediation scheme for treating CT in groundwater. The test section of the aquifer was taken to sulfate reducing conditions by the periodic addition of acetate from a nutrient injection wall (NIW). Under these conditions, CT was observed to transform completely producing primarily CF and CS2 at a ratio of approximately 2:1. In laboratory columns designed to mimic the field conditions, low-input concentrations of CT (<70 μg/L) resulted in complete dechlorination of the molecule, while higher input concentrations (>400 μg/L) led to the production of CF and CS2 in the same ratio as observed in the field. It was determined that amorphous iron sulfide had precipitated on the sand grains during the column experiments. Stertile laboratory batch experiments were conducted to test CT reactivity with various iron sulfide solids. A narrow ratio of 2:1 ± 0.4 CF to CS2 was only observed for CT reacting with freshly precipitated, amorphous FeS in near pH neutral solutions. The 2:1 ratio may be a useful tool for distinguishing abiotic transformations from biodegradation in sulfate reducing environments where FeS is actively precipitated.
Penetration depth method—novel real‐time strategy for evaluating femoroacetabular impingement (2010)

We introduce a new method for computerized real-time evaluation of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). In contrast to previously presented stress analyses, this method is based on two types of predictions of penetration depths for two rotating bodies: curvilinear and radial penetration depth. This intuitive method allows the analysis of both bony and soft tissue structures (such as cartilage and acetabular labrum) in real time. Characteristic penetration depth patterns were found for different subtypes of FAI, such as cam and pincer pathologies. In addition, correlation between the penetration depths (estimated by applying this method) and the existing contact stresses (estimated by applying the finite element method) of various hip morphologies were found. A strong correlation with predicted stress values existed, with a mean correlation coefficient of 0.91 for the curvilinear and 0.80 for the radial penetration method. The results show that the penetration depth method is a promising, fast, and accurate method for quantification and diagnosis of FAI.
The Gene Encoding Rat Insulinlike Growth Factor-Binding Protein 1 Is Rapidly and Highly Induced in Regenerating Liver (1991)

The liver is an epithelioid organ that can regenerate following partial hepatectomy. Although it is composed mainly of hepatocytes, it has a complex, multicellular architecture, implying that intercellular communications must exist during regeneration. As in other mitogen-stimulated cells, immediate-early growth response genes induced in the absence of prior protein synthesis are likely to play an important regulatory role in the regenerative process. Through differential screening of regenerating liver cDNA libraries, we found that one of the most highly expressed immediate-early genes in liver regeneration encodes the rat homolog of the low-molecular-weight insulinlike growth factor (IGF)-binding protein (IGFBP-1). This protein has been implicated in enhancing the mitogenic effect of IGF on tissues. IGFBP-1 gene induction is transcriptionally mediated and specific to regenerating liver, as the gene is not expressed in mitogen-stimulated fibroblasts. IGFBP-1 expression has been shown to increase under low-insulin conditions such as diabetes, and the complex regulation of expression is indicated by our finding that insulin treatment of H35 rat hepatoma cells, which induces proliferation, also causes a rapid decrease in transcription and expression of the IGFBP-1 gene. Of note, IGFBP-1 mRNA is abundant in fetal rat liver, implying that it participates in normal liver growth and development. Although regenerating liver cells continue to produce IGF-I, we did not detect IGF-I receptor mRNA during the first 24 h after hepatectomy. However, some IGFBPs may act to enhance the activity of IGF-I independently of IGF-I receptors. Thus, IGF-1 and IGFBPs may interact with hepatocytes or nonparenchymal liver cells, through either IGF-I or novel receptors. In this way, IGFBP-I and IGF-I could act in a paracrine and/or autocrine fashion in maintaining normal liver architecture during regeneration.
在浅表扩散型、结节型、肢端型和恶性雀斑样痣型原发性黑素瘤中BRAF外显子15突变的发生率 (2006)

从52例厚的原发性黑素瘤中提取DNA，用变性高效液相色谱（dHPLC）进行片段分析、测序和等位基因特异性PCR方法，在B础F（v-raf鼠肉瘤的病毒性致瘤基因同系物B1）基因外显子15上寻找突变。在13／52例（25％）原发性黑素瘤患者中发现BRAF外显子15突变。这些患者包括5／17例（29％）浅表扩散型黑素瘤，3／11例（27％）结节型黑素瘤，2／13例（15％）例肢端雀斑样痣型黑素瘤，1／1例（100％）黏膜黑素瘤和2／10例（20％）恶性雀斑样痣型黑素瘤。与其他人研究相同的是，作者的研究结果表明在浅表扩散型和结节型黑素瘤中有较多BRAF外显子15突变，但增加了进一步证据，即该突变对于黑素细胞恶性转化并非必需。
Surfactant Flooding Performance for a Canadian Bitumen Recovery: Effect of Polarity (2020)

Abstract The objective of this study is to examine the impact of polarity on surfactant-steam flooding performance in the recovery of a Canadian bitumen sample. 10 laboratory-scale core flood experiments were used to investigate the interaction between the polar head of surfactants and polar fractions of the bitumen sample (resins and asphaltenes) in the presence of steam. A Canadian bitumen from Alberta with high polar fraction content; resins (17 wt%) and asphaltenes (29 wt%), was selected. The bitumen sample was first characterized in terms of viscosity at reservoir temperature (10,000 cP) and API Gravity (12°). Then, coreflood tests were conducted by coinjecting steam with an anionic, a cationic, or a nonionic surfactant. The performance of three anionic, three cationic, and three nonionic surfactants was tested. Each core flood result was evaluated in terms of the cumulative oil recovery, the residual oil content, the produced oil quality, and the asphaltenes content of produced and residual oil samples. Then, bitumen's polar fractions (resins and asphaltenes) and bitumen itself were subjected to each surfactant solution under steam and liquid water conditions, and simultaneously their interactions were captured by an optical microscope. Analysis of microscopic images was used to explain the performance differences in each flooding test. Every surfactant-steam flooding process resulted in higher recovery than steam flooding alone. The greatest oil recovery was observed with the longest tail length anionic surfactant. It has been observed that the presence of asphaltenes in displaced oil inhibits the formation of microemulsions and consequently reduces the amount of produced oil. Further, we observed that the microemulsions are successfully formed between the resins fraction of bitumen sample and surfactant solution under steam condition. Hence, to maximize the effectiveness of surfactant processes in high asphaltenes content reservoirs, we highly recommend the use of asphaltenes precipitants prior to injection of any surfactant solutions.
Research on the Effects of Solder Layer THICKNESS on the Reliability of High Power IGBT Module (2023)

Solder layer in IGBT module not only plays the role of electrical and heat conduction, but also can absorb the stress and strain as interface materials protect DBC and chip from mechanical stress. Therefore, the solder layer quality is one of the important factors affecting the reliability of IGBT module. In this paper, the relationship between voids with solder area and thickness in the high power IGBT module are studied with the experimental method. The results show that when the size and thickness of the preformed solder are too small and too thin, the void rates significantly increase after soldering, which cause thermal resistance increases significantly and it is harmful to the reliability of the module. With the gradual increase of the solder thickness, the void ratio decreases significantly, but when the solder is further thickened, the bubble escape channel in the solder is not smooth, which causes the rise of void ratio again and solder accumulation will be formed at the outer edge of substrate, so this situation is also harmful to product reliability. Through a large number of comparative experiments, the results shows that 180 $\mu$ m-240 $\mu \mathrm{m}$ preformed solder thickness and $130\mu \mathrm{m}-170\mu \mathrm{m}$ solder layer thickness in the module is better for product reliability.
Resonant microwave cavity response of amorphous ribbons (1996)

In this study we report microwave experiments on the amorphous ribbon Fe4.6Co70.4Si15B10 using the usual setup for magnetic resonance experiments at 9.4 GHz to observe the cavity response. Several samples cut from the same tape were annealed, either in the presence or in the absence of a magnetic field. For each sample the magnetization and magnetoimpedance (MI) curves were obtained, with MI ratios between 1% and 40%. The magnetic resonance spectrum consists of the usual ferromagnetic line and an anomalous low field cavity response for H&amp;lt;100 Oe. The shape of this low field signal depends on the thermal treatment and on the orientation of the external field. We believe that this signal is in part a ferromagnetic peak but it also carries information of the skin-depth changes with a sweeping magnetic field.
Chiral Liquid Crystals: Structures, Phases, Effects (2014)

The introduction of chirality, i.e., the lack of mirror symmetry, has a profound effect on liquid crystals, not only on the molecular scale but also on the supermolecular scale and phase. I review these effects, which are related to the formation of supermolecular helicity, the occurrence of novel thermodynamic phases, as well as electro-optic effects which can only be observed in chiral liquid crystalline materials. In particular, I will discuss the formation of helical superstructures in cholesteric, Twist Grain Boundary and ferroelectric phases. As examples for the occurrence of novel phases the Blue Phases and Twist Grain Boundary phases are introduced. Chirality related effects are demonstrated through the occurrence of ferroelectricity in both thermotropic as well as lyotropic liquid crystals. Lack of mirror symmetry is also discussed briefly for some biopolymers such as cellulose and DNA, together with its influence on liquid crystalline behavior.
Catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide under periodic operation (1991)

Abstract A growing literature demonstrates resonance of the rate of CO oxidation with frequency of composition switching and that a global increase in rate under composition modulation is possible. Differences are found for the various metal catalysts used: CO oxidation is stimulated at frequencies between 0.1 and 1.0 Hz over noble metals, whereas stimulation occurs at frequencies below 0.05 Hz with oxide catalysts. Multiple resonances with an apparent harmonic relationship, “wrong‐way” response, or very slow relaxation to reproducible cycles have been observed. These differences suggest mechanisms through which rate improvements arise are not the same for all catalysts.
Highly Porous Carbon Derived from MOF-5 as a Support of ORR Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cells (2016)

The development of highly competent electrocatalysts for the sluggish oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) at cathodes of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is extremely important for their long-term operation and wide applications. Herein, we present highly efficient ORR electrocatalysts based on Pt/Ni bimetallic nanoparticles dispersed on highly porous carbon obtained via pyrolysis of a metal-organic framework MOF-5. In comparison to the commercial Pt/C (20%), the electrocatalyst Pt-Ni/PC 950 (15:15%) in this study exhibits a pronounced positive shift of 90 mV in Eonset. In addition, it also demonstrates excellent long-term stability and durability during the 500-cycle continue-oxygen-supply (COS) accelerating durability tests (ADTs). The significantly improved activity and stability of Pt-Ni/PC 950 (15:15%) can be attributed to the Pt electron interaction with Ni and carbon support as has been proved in X-ray and microscopic analysis.
Apple Peel Flavonoid Fraction 4 Suppresses Breast Cancer Cell Growth by Cytostatic and Cytotoxic Mechanisms (2019)

Many dietary flavonoids possess anti-cancer activities. Here, the effect of apple peel flavonoid fraction 4 (AF4) on the growth of triple-negative (MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468), estrogen receptor-positive (MCF-7), and HER2-positive (SKBR3) breast cancer cells was determined and compared with the effect of AF4 on normal mammary epithelial cells and dermal fibroblasts. AF4 inhibited breast cancer cell growth in monolayer cultures, as well as the growth of MCF-7 spheroids, without substantially affecting the viability of non-malignant cells. A sub-cytotoxic concentration of AF4 suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231 cells by inhibiting passage through the G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> phase of the cell cycle. AF4-treated MDA-MB-231 cells also exhibited reduced in vitro migration and invasion, and decreased Akt (protein kinase B) signaling. Higher concentrations of AF4 were selectively cytotoxic for MDA-MB-231 cells. AF4 cytotoxicity was associated with the intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Importantly, intratumoral administration of AF4 suppressed the growth of MDA-MB-231 xenografts in non-obese diabetic severe combined immunodeficient (NOD-SCID) female mice. The selective cytotoxicity of AF4 for breast cancer cells, combined with the capacity of sub-cytotoxic AF4 to inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion suggests that flavonoid-rich AF4 (and its constituents) has potential as a natural therapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment.
Enhanced production of biobased, biodegradable, Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) using an unexplored marine bacterium Pseudohalocynthiibacter aestuariivivens, isolated from highly polluted coastal environment (2022)

The production and disposal of plastics from limited fossil reserves, has prompted research for greener and sustainable alternatives. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biocompatible, biodegradable, and thermoprocessable polyester produced by microbes. PHAs found several applications but their use is limited due to high production cost and low yields. Herein, for the first time, the isolation and characterization of Pseudohalocynthiibacter aestuariivivens P96, a marine bacterium able to produce surprising amount of PHAs is reported. In the best growth condition P96 was able to reach a maximum production of 4.73 g/L, corresponding to the 87 % of total cell dry-weight. Using scanning and transmission microscopy, lab-scale fermentation, spectroscopic techniques, and genome analysis, the production of thermoprocessable polymer Polyhydroxybutyrate P(3HB), a PHAs class, endowed with mechanical and thermal properties comparable to that of petroleum-based plastics was confirmed. This study represents a milestone toward the use of this unexplored marine bacterium for P(3HB) production.
Impact of Pump-Probe Time Delay on the Four Wave Mixing Conversion Efficiency in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (2011)

experimentally the FWM conversion efficiency in SOAs for subpicosecond optical pulses and optimize the time-delay between the input pump and probe pulses. In this Chapter, we present a comprehensive analysis based on the finite-difference beam propagation method (FD-BPM) for evaluating the FWM conversion efficiency in SOAs and discuss the experimental results reported on the optimisation of the time delay between pump and probe pulses to maximize the FWM conversion efficiency. This comprehensive analysis is crucial not only for attaining high FWM conversion efficiency but also for characterizing the timing jitter. Simulation results demonstrate that, for short optical pulses, the time delay between the pump and probe pulses at the input of the SOA can be optimized to maximize the FWM conversion efficiency. Excellent agreement between the simulation and experimental results is achieved, demonstrating a high FWM conversion efficiency in SOAs when the time delay between the input pump and probe pulses is optimized. The FD-BPM can obtain the FWM characteristics for different propagation scenarios using a modified nonlinear Schrdinger equation (MNLSE) These scenarios are: (1) single pulse propagation The analyses are based on the MNLSE considering the group velocity dispersion (GVD), self-phase modulation, and two-photon absorption, with the dependencies on the carrier depletion, carrier heating, spectral-hole burning and their dispersions, including the recovery times in SOAs The simulation results show that the FWM conversion efficiency increases with the optimum time-delay between the input pump and probe pulses and are in excellent agreement with the experiment results.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of the Diastereoselectivity of the Allylation and Deuteration of 2‐Hydroxyalkyl Aryl Sulfoxides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nonpeptidic, Monocharged, Cell Permeable Ligands for the p56lck SH2 Domain (2001)

p56lck is a member of the src family of tyrosine kinases and plays a critical role in the signal transduction events that lead to T cell activation. Ligands for the p56lck SH2 domain have the potential to disrupt the interaction of p56lck with its substrates and derail the signaling cascade that leads to the production of cytokines such as interleukin-2. Starting from the quintuply charged (at physiological pH) phosphorylated tetrapeptide, AcpYEEI, we recently disclosed (J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 722 and J. Med. Chem. 1999, 42, 1757) the design of the modified dipeptide 3, which carries just two charges at physiological pH. Here we present the elaboration of 3 to the nonpeptidic, monocharged compound, 9S. This molecule displays good binding affinity for the p56lck SH2 domain (K(d) 1 microM) and good cell permeation, and this combination of properties allowed us to demonstrate clear-cut inhibitory effects on a very early event in T cell activation, namely calcium mobilization.