gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF FATTY ACID COMPOSITION AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS TO MEAT FLAVOR IN LAMB1 (1982)

ABSTRACT The relationship of 20 fatty acids and carcass quality characteristics to meat flavor in lamb was studied. Subcutaneous fat samples obtained from 64 lamb carcasses were analyzed for fatty acid composition. A taste panel evaluated flavor of a ground lean‐fat mixture of meat. Flavor was most highly correlated with amounts of fatty acids 18:1 and 18:3 (r =—0.33 and r = 0.33, respectively). The remaining fatty acids were not associated with flavor. Quality grade, carcass weight, fat softness, maturity and fat color were not associated with lamb flavor. Carcass softness was not associated with quality grades. Greater quantities of 17:0, 18:1, and 18:2 were associated with increased carcass fatness.
Monitoring vascular markers of joint inflammation in a rabbit model of rheumatoid arthritis with time-resolved near-infrared spectroscopy (2016)

Joint inflammation plays a central role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is the main target of most therapeutic strategies. Vascular markers of RA were quantified using time-resolved NIRS and preliminary results show decreased oxyhemoglobin content in inflamed but not in healthy joints.
A Phenomena-of-Interest Approach for the Interconnection of Sensor Data and Spatiotemporal Web Contents (2011)

With the advance of ubiquitous computing and mobile environments, we have begun to continuously monitor changes in real-world condition and environment through wireless sensor networks. Opportunities also exist for people to create information related to the world around them by using mobile phones equipped with sensing devices, and share that information online with others. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for the interconnection of earth observation data and spatiotemporal web contents on the basis of spatiotemporal and thematic relationships. In particular, we use the concept of moving phenomena of interests to link between measurement sensing data and people-centric contents on the basis of spatiotemporal proximity and thematic relevance. This paper also shows a simple application that automatically generates semantic tags with respect to natural geographic phenomena, such as typhoons, climate changes, and air pollution, on the basis of our interconnection approach. We are able to easily understand qualitative meanings with respect to a certain phenomenon expressed by quantitative numeric conditions.
Diastereoselective Additive Trifluoromethylation/Halogenation of Isoxazole Triflones: Synthesis of All‐Carbon‐Functionalized Trifluoromethyl Isoxazoline Triflones (2014)

Highly functionalized 5-trifluoromethyl-2-isoxazoline derivatives featuring a triflyl (SO2CF3) group at the 4-position were successfully synthesized via diastereoselective trifluoromethylation and halogenation of isoxazole triflones using the Ruppert- Prakash reagent. The trifluoromethylation is quite general in terms of the substrates including 3,5-diaryl isoxazole triflones and 3-aryl-5-styrylisoxazole triflones to provide products in high yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. The highly functionalized 5-trifluoromethyl-2-isoxazoline derivatives are expected to be a new class of antiparasiticides. Thus the triflyl group both activates isoxazoles and the 4-postion of CF3 adducts, and has a potential biological function.
Electrical interconnect (2023)

An interconnect includes a first set of connector pads, a second set of connector pads, and a continuous central portion. A first plurality of legs extends at a first angle from the continuous central portion. Each leg of the first plurality of legs is connected to a connector pad of a first set of connector pads. A second plurality of legs extends at a second angle from the continuous central portion. Each leg of the second plurality of legs is connected to a connector pad of the second set of connector pads. Gaps are defined between legs. The gaps enable movement of the first set of connector pads relative to the second set of connector pads.
Theory, design, and experimental verification of a reflectionless bianisotropic Huygens' metasurface for wide-angle refraction (2018)

Huygens' metasurfaces are electrically thin devices which allow arbitrary field transformations. Beam refraction is among the first demonstrations of realized metasurfaces. As previously shown for extreme-angle refraction, control over only the electric impedance and magnetic admittance of the Huygens' metasurface proved insufficient to produce the desired reflectionless field transformation. To maintain zero reflections for wide refraction angles, magnetoelectric coupling between the electric and magnetic response of the metasurface, leading to bianisotropy, can be introduced. In this paper, we report the theory, design, and experimental characterization of a reflectionless bianisotropic metasurface for extreme-angle refraction of a normally incident plane wave towards $71.{8}^{\ensuremath{\circ}}$ at 20 GHz. The theory and design of three-layer asymmetric bianisotropic unit cells are discussed. The realized printed circuit board structure was tested via full-wave simulations as well as experimental characterization. To experimentally verify the prototype, two setups were used. A quasi-optical experiment was conducted to assess the specular reflections of the metasurface, while a far-field antenna measurement characterized its refraction nature. The measurements verify that the fabricated metasurface has negligible reflections and the majority of the scattered power is refracted to the desired Floquet mode. This provides an experimental demonstration of a reflectionless wide-angle refracting metasurface using a bianisotropic Huygens' metasurface at microwave frequencies.
Identification of Cys139 and Glu207 As Catalytically Important Groups in the Active Site of Isopentenyl Diphosphate:Dimethylallyl Diphosphate Isomerase (1994)

Isopentenyl diphosphate:dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.3.2) catalyzes the antarafacial [1.3] allylic rearrangement of isopentenyl diphosphate (IPP) to its electrophilic allylic isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate (DMAPP). Active-site thiols at C138 and C139 were recently identified by covalent modification using active-site-directed irreversible inhibitors [Street, I. P., & Poulter, C. D. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 7531-7538; Lu, X. J., Christensen, D. J., & Poulter, C. D. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 9955-9960]. Kinetic studies were conducted with site-directed mutants of IPP isomerase (IPPIase) to evaluate the roles of these amino acids. C138S and C138V mutants were active catalysts with V/K values only 10-fold lower than that of wild-type IPPIase. In contrast, the C139S mutant was a poor catalyst, and the C139A and C139V mutants were inactive. Treatment of the C139S mutant with 3-(fluoromethyl)-3-butenyl diphosphate, an electrophilic active-site-directed irreversible inhibitor, resulted in inactivation of the enzyme by covalent modification of E207. The E207Q and E207V mutants were inactive, suggesting a role for the E207 carboxylate moiety in catalysis.
Differential Counting with Reversible Decade Counting Circuits (1949)

Three circuits were designed and built to apply a reversible decade counting circuit to the direct measurement of the difference in the counting rate from two counter tube telescopes used in cosmic-ray research. The circuits are equally applicable to the direct measurement of the difference in the strength of two radioactive samples. An input circuit prevents two pulses from the Geiger tubes from arriving simultaneously at the first ring-of-ten. A driving circuit switches and shapes the pulses for correct bi-directional operation of the ring-of-ten. A coupling circuit permits two decade rings to be operated in cascade, giving a differential electronic scale of 100.
Doppler spectrum from moving scatterers in a random environment (2009)

A random non-line-of-sight environment with stationary transmitter and receiver is considered. In such an environment movement of a scatterer will lead to perturbations of the otherwise static channel with a resulting Doppler spectrum. This is quite a general situation in outdoor environments with moving traffic or indoor situations with moving people. Here we study the latter situation in detail with experimental results from a large office environment. A general theory of Doppler spectra is developed. The impact of a scatterer depends on the angular distribution of scattered energy, and uniform as well as sharply peaked distributions are considered in the theory. The Doppler spectra are in all cases sharply peaked at zero frequency due to forward scattering, but the actually measured distribution depends on the degree and type of activity in the environment, as well as the spectrum estimation accuracy.
AZEP - Development of an Integrated Air Separation Membrane - Gas Turbine (2001)

AZEP (&amp;apos;Advanced Zero Emissions Power Plant&amp;apos;) addresses the development of a specific, zero emissions, gas turbine-based, power generation process to reduce local and global emissions in a cost-effective way. In this innovative cycle 100 % reduction of CO2 emission is made possible, with NOx &amp;lt;&amp;lt; 1 ppm. Cost of CO2 separation (compared to tail-end capture) is reduced by 25-35 % in &amp;lt; 6 years, and by 35-50 % in &amp;lt; 10 years. Conventional, air-based, gas turbine equipment is utilised, allowing retrofitting. Loss in power plant efficiency is less than 2 percentage points, compared with up to a 10 point loss of efficiency when conventional tail-end CO2 capture methods are employed. The key to achieving these targets is the development of an integrated reactor, in which O2 is separated from air, such that combustion occurs in an N2-free environment. To this effect, the following objectives have been set for Phase 1 of the development project: establish the economic/environmental advantages of the proposed process, reflecting emerging CO2 disposal strategies, develop a mixed conducting membrane (MCM) for cost-effective supply of O2, and integrate the components (membrane, combustor, heat exchanger) into a single unit MCM-Reactor, and perform functionality tests. The key deliverables of Phase 1 are test results from the individual and integrated test programme to validate key components and an implementation plan to allow the full-scale demonstration of the AZEP concept in the following Phase 2. It is estimated that AZEP will be available for exploitation some 5-7 years after completion of the first project phase.
Relaxation Therapy and High Blood Pressure (1977)

Thirty-one patients receiving medical treatment for essential hypertension were randomly distributed into three groups: (1) relaxation therapy, (2) nonspecific therapy, and (3) medical treatment only. The nonspecific therapy group spent the same amount of time with the therapists as the relaxation group but was not given a specific therapy. Blood pressures were measured at a different time and in a different place from the behavioral treatments. The relaxation therapy group showed a significant reduction in blood pressure postreatment compared with the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups, even when those patients whose medication was increased were excluded from the data analysis. At follow-up six months post-treatment, the relaxation group showed a slight decrement in treatment effects, while both the nonspecific therapy and medical treatment only groups showed continued improvement; thus, there was not a significant difference between groups.
Stimulation of the crystallization processes of casts of petrurgical materials obtained by the gas counter-pressure casting method (2019)

Test recipes of petrurgical materials, based on basalt raw materials and technological additives were developed. The influence of the additives used, their quantities and the mode of thermal treatment on the crystallization processes in the experimental samples was investigated. Products with microcrystalline structure and predominant crystalline phase of augite were obtained. By applying the gas counter-pressure casting method and a set of precision casting molds, products with a variety of mechanical and physicochemical characteristics were obtained. The optimal technological conditions for the production of petrurgical materials, suitable for the making of technical equipment with application in different industries, were established experimentally.
Up-conversion mixer for PCS application using Si BJT (2002)

This paper analyzed three types of up-conversion mixer architectures for PCS applications using f/sub T/=25 GHz Si bipolar process. An optimum architecture that combines the mixer cell with an active balun is proposed. The balun provides high linearity and LO suppression. Simulation results shows conversion gain=0 dB, LO to RF leakage=24.8 dBm, output third-order intercept point (OIP/sub 3/)=9.6 dBm, and output 1 dB compression point (OP/sub 1 dB/)=-0.2 dBm, respectively, at f/sub RF/=1.9 GHz, f/sub IF/=100 MHz, 3 V supply voltage, and 24.6 mA current.
Sleep and wakefulness modulate gene expression in Drosophila (2005)

In the mammalian brain, sleep and wakefulness are associated with widespread changes in gene expression. Sleep in fruit flies shares many features with mammalian sleep, but it is currently unknown to what extent behavioral states affect gene expression in Drosophila. To find out, we performed a comprehensive microarray analysis of gene expression in spontaneously awake, sleep-deprived and sleeping flies. Fly heads were collected at 4 am, after 8 h of spontaneous sleep or sleep deprivation, and at 4 pm, after 8 h of spontaneous wakefulness. As in rats, we found that behavioral state and time of day affect Drosophila gene expression to a comparable extent. As in rats, transcripts with higher expression in wakefulness and in sleep belong to different functional categories, and in several cases these groups overlap with those previously identified in rats. Wakefulness-related genes code for transcription factors and for proteins involved in the stress response, immune response, glutamatergic transmission, and carbohydrate metabolism. Sleep-related transcripts include the glial gene anachronism and several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Finally, the expression of many wakefulness-related and sleep-related Drosophila transcripts is also modulated by the time of day, suggesting an interaction at the molecular level between circadian and homeostatic mechanism of sleep regulation.
An NMOS-LDO Regulated Switched-Capacitor DC–DC Converter With Fast-Response Adaptive-Phase Digital Control (2015)

A fully integrated low-dropout-regulated step-down multiphase-switched-capacitor DC-DC converter (a.k.a. charge pump, CP) with a fast-response adaptive-phase (Fast-RAP) digital controller is designed using a 65-nm CMOS process. Different from conventional designs, a low-dropout regulator (LDO) with an NMOS power stage is used without the need for an additional stepup CP for driving. A clock tripler and a pulse divider are proposed to enable the Fast-RAP control. As the Fast-RAP digital controller is designed to be able to respond faster than the cascaded linear regulator, transient response will not be affected by the adaptive scheme. Thus, light-load efficiency is improved without sacrificing the response time. When the CP operates at 90 MHz with 80.3% CP efficiency, only small ripples would appear on the CP output with the 18-phase interleaving scheme, and be further attenuated at VOUT by the 50-mV dropout regulator with only 4.1% efficiency overhead and 6.5% area overhead. The output ripple is less than 2 mV for a load current of 20 mA.
Postoperative Radiation Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (1997)

One hundred seventy-three patients with the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with surgery and postoperative radiation therapy (RT) at the Radiation Oncology Center, Washington University, St. Louis. All patients had been retrospectively reviewed and restaged according to the new American Joint Committee (AJC) staging classification. Seventeen patients were stage I, 69 were stage II, 74 were stage IIIA, and 2 patients were stage IIIB. In 11 patients, accurate staging could not be determined. Indications for postoperative RT were positive surgical margins (32 patients), metastatic hilar nodes (78 patients), and metastatic mediastinal nodes (62 patients). Locoregional control for stages I, II, and IIIA was 85, 75, and 85%, respectively. Five-year actuarial survival was 35% for stage I and 20% for stages II and IIIA. Patients with N0 disease (positive margins) had 5-year survival of 25%, whereas patients with N1 and N2 disease had a 5-year survival of 20%.
Fabricação de elementos ópticos difrativos empregando processos de microusinagem. (2002)

Neste tabalho foi realizado um estudo da técnica de sondas eletrostáticas para caracterização de plasmas utilizados em processos de microeletrônica, particularmente na corrosão seca por plasma. Esta técnica permite determinar parâmetros elétricos de plasma como densidade de plasma, energia média de elétron, potencial flutuante e potencial de plasma. Foi realizado um estudo comparativo de vários tipos de sondas entre elas, uma sonda simples com choque de RF, uma sonda simples com choque de RF e com eletrodo de compensação e uma sonda dupla. Primeiramente foi verificada a influência dos choques de RF com uma nova técnica, medindo-se com um osciloscópio a componente AC do potencial gerado pelo plasma, através do choque. Depois foram caracterizados plasmas de argônio com três tipos diferentes de sondas. Os resultados obtidos mostram que a sonda dupla permite obter a densidade de plasma e a energia média de elétron com maior precisão; a sonda com choque de RF e com eletrodo de compensação apresenta resultados mais confiáveis de potencial e plasma e potencial flutuante, em relação à sonda construída somente com o choque de RF. Foi feita caracterização de plasmas com gases utilizados nos processos de microeletrônica: argônio, oxigênio e hexafluoreto de enxofre.
On the limitations of large language models in clinical diagnosis (2023)

Abstract Objective Large Language Models such as GPT-4 previously have been applied to differential diagnostic challenges based on published case reports. Published case reports have a sophisticated narrative style that is not readily available from typical electronic health records (EHR). Furthermore, even if such a narrative were available in EHRs, privacy requirements would preclude sending it outside the hospital firewall. We therefore tested a method for parsing clinical texts to extract ontology terms and programmatically generating prompts that by design are free of protected health information. Materials and Methods We investigated different methods to prepare prompts from 75 recently published case reports. We transformed the original narratives by extracting structured terms representing phenotypic abnormalities, comorbidities, treatments, and laboratory tests and creating prompts programmatically. Results Performance of all of these approaches was modest, with the correct diagnosis ranked first in only 5.3-17.6% of cases. The performance of the prompts created from structured data was substantially worse than that of the original narrative texts, even if additional information was added following manual review of term extraction. Moreover, different versions of GPT-4 demonstrated substantially different performance on this task. Discussion The sensitivity of the performance to the form of the prompt and the instability of results over two GPT-4 versions represent important current limitations to the use of GPT-4 to support diagnosis in real-life clinical settings. Conclusion Research is needed to identify the best methods for creating prompts from typically available clinical data to support differential diagnostics.
Effect of Direct Assimilation of Precipitation on Initial Field (2006)

Four-dimensional variational data assimilation(4D-VAR) is a logical and rigorous mathematical method to obtain the best estimate of the model initial conditions from observations and model itself.It is one of the most advanced data assimilation methods today. Automation weather station(AWS) precipitation data are assimilated by 4D-VAR directly,and the increment of initial field is analyzed.The effect of precipitation assimilation on the moisture field and temperature field is more obvious than on other element fields,and the effect on low levels is more evident than on high levels.Most of the maximum increments appear between 925 hPa and 850 hPa.Because of precipitation assimilation,the convective instability is enhanced in Beijing area.Analysis of wind field increments shows that some mesoscale information is added to the initial field.The increments of divergence and moisture flux divergence show the tendency that convergence is enhanced in low levels.By assimilating precipitation,the cloud water and rainwater appear in the initial field while there is not any cloud water and rainwater in the original initial field of MM5.But the effect of assimilation on the vertical circulation of the initial field is not evident.In the experiment,the increment of test II in which 6-hour accumulative rainfall is assimilated is more obvious in most situations than that of test I in which 6-hour hourly precipitation is assimilated.This is because the test I contains more information of rain time than test II and the test II has less limitation than test I.By the increments of test II,effect of precipitation assimilation on the initial field is more evident.However,test II also shows that if only precipitation data are assimilated,effect of assimilation is not always good.The rain structure in test I is simulated better than that in test II.Experiment results show that,due to addition of information of AWS precipitation data,the initial fields of test I and test II are enhanced in mesoscale information,which are more consistent with the model in thermo-dynamical mechanism.After assimilating,the simulation of torrential rain is improved.The precipitation during the early period of simulation is increased,and the position of simulated precipitation is more consistent with real situation.The spin-up problem of the model is weakened.
Characterizing and Modeling the Dropbox Workload (2014)

This paper presents a characterization and modeling of the workload of the currently most popular cloud storage system, Drop box. The workload is analyzed from two complementary perspectives. On one side, characteristics of the Drop box folders of a set of 333 volunteers, including number, type and sizes of files, replication level, and file update dynamics are analyzed. On the other side, the client behavior patterns are modeled based on the analysis of Drop box traffic collected from 3 universities. Our results can be explored to design realistic synthetic workloads, which in turn can support the design and evaluation of more cost-effective cloud storage services.
Characterization of multilayer Cu films on Ru(0001) (1985)

We have recently undertaken studies of the structural and electronic properties of this important model bimetallic system and the present paper discusses LEED results exploring the structural aspects of thin Cu films on the Ru(0001) surface. In addition, we present Angular-Resolved Ultra-violet Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARUPS) results which show the first experimental evidence for an interface state for the Cu/Ru surface alloy.