gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential Processing Patterns of Motor Information Via Striatopallidal and Striatonigral Projections (2002)

The functional loop linking the frontal lobe and the basal ganglia plays an important role in the control of motor behaviors. To delineate the principal features of motor information processing in the cortico-basal ganglia loop, the present study aimed at investigating how corticostriatal inputs from the primary motor cortex (MI) and the supplementary motor area (SMA) are transposed onto the pallidal complex and the substantia nigra. In macaque monkeys, stimulating electrodes were chronically implanted into identified forelimb representations of the MI and SMA. Subsequently, the distribution of neurons exhibiting orthodromic responses was examined in the caudal putamen to demarcate striatal zones receiving inputs separately or confluently from the MI and SMA. Finally, anterograde double labeling was performed by paired injections of tracers into two of three identified zones: the MI-recipient zone, SMA-recipient zone, and the convergent zone. Data have revealed that inputs from the MI-recipient and SMA-recipient striatal zones were substantially segregated in the pallidal complex and that those from the convergent zone were distributed to fill in blanks made by terminal bands derived from the MI and SMA. On the other hand, striatonigral inputs from the SMA-recipient and convergent zones of the putamen largely overlapped, while the input from the MI-recipient zone was minimal. The present results clearly indicate that the mode to process corticostriatal motor information through the striatopallidal and striatonigral projections is target-dependent, such that the parallel versus convergent rules govern the arrangement of striatopallidal or striatonigral inputs, respectively.
High-precision Solar Image Registration Using Normalized Cross-correlation and Intensity (2021)

Many solar physical studies strongly rely on co-temporal and co-spacial images. Due to the observed images are usually taken by different telescopes, they have different scales and rotations. Therefore, it is important to accurately align the images of different observations. But, the traditional method with cross-correlation has several limitations and causes the registration accuracy is fairly low. In this paper, we proposed a novel coarse-to-fine solar image registration method in combination with normalized cross-correlation and intensity-based methods. Firstly, we use the maximum coefficient of the normalized cross-correlation to locate the position of the different resolution images for coarse registration. Then, fine registration parameters, i.e., scale, rotation, and shift, are calculated through an intensity-based method. Finally, the low-resolution image is aligned to the high-resolution image according to the parameters obtained by the intensity-based method. We first completed a simulation experiment to demonstrate the accuracy of the method. Two pairs of images with different scales and rotations taken by the different instruments are selected to further evaluate the robustness of the method. The registration results demonstrate that the proposed method holds a high registration accuracy.
Ultrasound energy harvesting system for deep implanted-medical-devices (IMDs) (2012)

It is desirable in active medical implants to derive energy from external sources to charge a rechargeable battery. In this paper we have developed a novel system to transfer energy via ultrasound to a deep implanted medical device. Hence, an external base station is designed to transmitt energy and a 64-channel high-voltage driver is proposed for a spherical transducer array. Moreover, a shunt-C class-E power amplifier (PA) is employed as core element for the driver, showing a drain efficiency (DE) of 71% and a power added efficiency (PAE) of 57% including gate-driver switching loss. In addition, a cascaded of two low-drop-out (LDO) regulators is used within the implanted device to reduce rectifier ripple and to set the charge voltage for the micro-energy cell to 4.1 V. The LDOs are implemented in a CMOS 0.18 μm high-voltage (HV) technology and measurement along with simulated results are reported.
5-Azacytidine-Induced Cardiomyocyte Differentiation of Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells (2020)

The use of stem cells in generating cell-based pacemaker therapies for bradyarrhythmia is currently being considered. Due to the propensity of stem cells to form tumors, as well as ethical issues surrounding their use, the seed cells used in cardiac biological pacemakers have limitations. Very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs) are a unique and rare adult stem cell population, which have the same structural, genetic, biochemical, and functional characteristics as embryonic stem cells without the ethical controversy. In this study, we investigated the ability of rat bone marrow- (BM-) derived VSELs to differentiate <i>in vitro</i> into cardiomyocytes by 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) treatment. The morphology of VSELs treated with 10 <i>μ</i>M 5-AzaC increased in volume and gradually changed to cardiomyocyte-like morphology without massive cell death. Additionally, mRNA expression of the cardiomyocyte markers cardiac troponin-T (cTnT) and <i>α</i>-sarcomeric actin (<i>α</i>-actin) was significantly upregulated after 5-AzaC treatment. Conversely, stem cell markers such as Nanog, Oct-4, and Sox2 were continuously downregulated posttreatment. On day 14 post-5-AzaC treatment, the positive expression rates of cTnT and <i>α</i>-actin were 18.41 ± 1.51% and 19.43 ± 0.51%, respectively. Taken together, our results showed that rat BM-VSELs have the ability to differentiate into cardiomyocytes <i>in vitro</i>. These findings suggest that VSELs would be useful as seed cells in exploring the mechanism of biological pacemaker activity.
Use of monoclonal antibodies to characterize the induction response of the cytochrome P-450-dependent mixed function oxidase system to nitrofluoranthenes (1987)

In prior studies with neonatal rats we have suggested that nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAH) are 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) type of inducers of cytochrome P-450. These observations have been extended by studying the effect of fluoranthene (FL) and its nitrated derivative, 3-nitrofluoranthene (3-NF) and a mixture of nitrated fluoranthenes (NFs) on the induction of hepatic and pulmonary monooxygenase activities in adult rats. We have characterized the effect of these compounds on hepatic cytochrome P-450 isozyme(s) using immunoblot analysis. The administration of 3-NF and NFs to rats resulted in highly significant induction (1.9- to 5.8-fold) of hepatic and pulmonary aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (ERD) activities. FL was either ineffective or much less effective in inducing these enzyme activities. The enzyme induction response to these compounds occurred in the following order: NFs greater than 3-NF greater than FL. SDS-PAGE of hepatic microsomes prepared from FL-, 3-NF- and NFs-treated animals revealed a higher content of protein migrating in the P-450 region. Characterization of isozymes of P-450 was carried out by Western blot analysis with highly specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb) raised against 3-MC-specific P-450 (MAb 1-7-1) and phenobarbital-specific P-450 (MAb-2-66-3) isozymes. Hepatic microsomes prepared from 3-NF- and NFs-treated rats showed two distinct immunoprecipitin bands with MAb 1-7-1 whereas microsomes prepared from FL-treated animals showed a sharp band with MAb 2-66-3. MAb 1-7-1 significantly inhibited (approximately 80%) AHH activity induced by 3-NF and NFs. On the other hand FL-induced AHH activity was only moderately (approximately 30%) inhibited by MAb 1-7-1 whereas higher inhibition (approximately 60%) was observed with MAb 2-66-3. Analysis of BP metabolites by h.p.l.c. revealed enhanced production of metabolites by liver microsomes from 3-NF- and NFs-treated animals. The formation of BP 7,8-diol was 1.8- to 2.4-fold increased following treatment of animals with 3-NF and NFs respectively. Addition of MAb 1-7-1 to a microsomal mixture from 3-NF- and NFs-treated rats inhibited the formation of BP phenols (60-75%) and BP 7,8 diol (52-60%). These inhibitory effects were not observed with microsomes prepared from FL-treated rats. These studies suggest that NFs induce specific monooxygenases in liver and that they are inducers of P-450 isozymes c and d.
Serum Immunoglobulin A Antibody Response in Swine Infected with Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus, as Determined by Indirect Immunoperoxidase Antibody Test (1981)

SUMMARY Using an immunoperoxidase antibody test, the serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A antibody titer was determined in swine naturally infected with transmissible gastroenteritis ( tge ; group A), swine inoculated orally with high-virulent tge virus (group B), and swine inoculated im (group C) or orally (group D) with low-virulent tge virus. Studies were then made on the relationship between active immunity to tge and the serum IgA antibody titer. In group A swine, serum IgA antibody and virus-neutralizing ( vn ) antibody were absent in the serum collected in the acute stage, but were detected from the serum collected in the convalescent stage. In group B swine, serum IgA antibody and vn antibody began to be detected on postinoculation day ( pid ) 7 and were still detectable on pid 100. In group C and D swine, vn antibody was detected, but serum IgA antibody was not. Swine were inoculated orally with high-virulent tge virus and were challenge exposed orally with the same strain of virus on pid 18, 21, 80, and 120 (group E). None of group E swine manifested clinical signs of infection. Their serum IgA antibody titers ranged from 2 to 512 at the time of inoculation. Swine were inoculated im with low-virulent tge virus and intranasally with the same virus on pid 60 (group F). They were challenge exposed with the high-virulent strain of tge virus on pid 140, 200, and 260 (80, 140, and 200 days after the 2nd inoculation). At the time of challenge exposure, IgA antibody was undetected in serum at a 1:2 dilution. All group F swine had severe diarrhea 3 to 4 days after inoculation. Many of them vomited at the same time. In these swine, villous atrophy was observed in the jejunal portion of the small intestine. The vn antibody titer of porcine serum obtained at the time of challenge exposure was higher than was that determined in the group E swine. Seemingly, serum IgA antibody titer determined by the immunoperoxidase antibody test may be an indicator of active immunity to tge .
NDRO detector for ion-implanted bubble devices (1982)

We report on the design and characterization of a nondestructive readout detector for ion-implanted bubble devices. Detection takes place, according to this design, as in previously reported destructive readout detectors in ion-implanted devices.1 The bubble to be detected is stretched into a strip along a magnetoresistive permalloy bar by a current pulse in a hairpin conductor. In our design, however, a second hairpin conductor is added, coplanar with the first one, and a current pulse in this second conductor stretches the end of the bubble to a second propagate track. Finally, a collapse pulse is applied to the first conductor forcing the bubble strip off the permalloy bar. The detector has been produced on 8-μm period circuits using previously reported implant conditions and processing.1 It has been operated at 50 KHz with bias margin ranges typically 20 Oe at 40 Oe rotating field. An error rate at one bias of &amp;lt;5×10−9 has been demonstrated.
Unearthing People from the SaND: Relationship Discovery with Social Media in the Enterprise (2021)

The popularity of social media across the Internet re- sults in people-centric data sources that users can potentially leverage for relationship discovery tasks. In this paper, we describe SaNDVis, a visual system that supports tasks like expertise location, team building, and team coordination in the enterprise. By integrating social position, evidence, and facets into SaNDVis, we demonstrate how users can reflect on existing relationships as well as build new relationships in an enterprise setting.
Vaccine Cold Chain: Part 1. Proper Handling and Storage of Vaccine (2010)

The Center of Disease Control and Prevention reports that professionals in clinic setting may not be adequately storing and handling vaccine, leading to insufficient immunity of vaccinated individuals. This article provides information about proper cold chain storage and handling of vaccine and offers resources to begin, or reinforce, proper procedures in the occupational health unit to secure an effective immunization program.
Motion Blur Rendering: State of the Art (2011)

Abstract Motion blur is a fundamental cue in the perception of objects in motion. This phenomenon manifests as a visible trail along the trajectory of the object and is the result of the combination of relative motion and light integration taking place in film and electronic cameras. In this work, we analyse the mechanisms that produce motion blur in recording devices and the methods that can simulate it in computer generated images. Light integration over time is one of the most expensive processes to simulate in high‐quality renders, as such, we make an in‐depth review of the existing algorithms and we categorize them in the context of a formal model that highlights their differences, strengths and limitations. We finalize this report proposing a number of alternative classifications that will help the reader identify the best technique for a particular scenario.
Offline recognition of large vocabulary cursive handwritten text (2005)

This paper presents a system for the offline recognition of cursive handwritten lines of text. The system is based on continuous density HMMs and Statistical Language Models. The system recognizes data produced by a single writer. No a-priori knowledge is used about the content of the text to be recognized. Changes in the experimental setup with respect to the recognition of single words are highlighted. The results show a recognition rate of 85% with a lexicon containing 50'000 words. The experiments were performed over a publicly available database.
Complement in the Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Human Diseases (1986)

Complement is a humoral effector system composed of 21 plasma proteins that was identified initially because of its cytolytic effects. In addition to cytolysis, complement has a number of different functions related to inflammatory and other host defense processes. The description of the reaction mechanism includes: (1) activation of the classical pathway through recognition of IgG and IgM antibodies by C1q, (2) activation of the alternative pathway which is usually achieved without participation of immunoglobulins, (3) generation of proteolytic enzymes composed of heteropolymers that cleave certain precursor proteins, (4) formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC), and (5) participation of control mechanisms. Methodologies for studying protein concentration and functional activities of complement components include not only the classical hemolytic techniques but also the extremely sensitive new radioimmunoassays and enzyme immunoassays for measuring the products of complement activation that are generated in vivo. Examples of genetically controlled complement deficiencies have been published for most complement components. The symptomatology of some of these patients serves to emphasize the protective role of complement. Acquired deficiencies are significant not only as laboratory aids in diagnosis and to evaluate the course of certain diseases, but also to indicate possible pathogenic disease mechanisms. Recently, it has been recognized that the complement proteins with genes located in the HLA region are polymorphic. Certain variants of proteins C2, C4, and factor B occur with higher frequencies in certain diseases than in the general population, which appears to be of great practical importance in laboratory medicine.
Isolation of a Stearoyl CoA Desaturase from Tetrahymena thermophila (1981)

Cell free preparations of Tetrahymena thermophila contain an enzyme that catalyzes the direct desaturation of stearoyl CoA to octadecenoic acid. The enzyme is associated with the microsomal fraction of the ciliate. Substrate of the enzyme consists of either free stearic acid or stearoyl CoA. Both ATP and CoA are required when free stearate is the substrate and are also highly stimulatory when stearoyl CoA is the substrate. With stearoyl CoA as the substrate, either NADH or NADPH are required for desaturase activity. In presence of ATP and CoA, either NAD or NADP can replace NADH and NADPH. Desaturase activity is optimal when the enzyme is incubated at pH of 7.2 and a temperature of 30-35 degrees C. Highest levels of the stearoyl CoA desaturase are found in stationary phase ciliates grown at 35 degrees C.
Nanoporous photonic crystals with tailored surface chemistry for ionic copper sensing (2019)

We present a study on optical and surface chemistry engineering of nanoporous photonic crystals as sensing platforms for detection of ionic copper.
Risk analysis for the modification in automatic train control systems (2010)

The automatic train control system (ATC) is the safety critical system (SCS). Based on the revised parts of the ATC, this paper analyzes the risks which may be triggered by the parts of modification. The paper follows the international standard of railway function safety, and describes the relevant requirements and basic methods. From the basic structure of the ATC, the required safety integrity level (SIL) of each part of the system is discussed. The paper concludes the methods for risk analysis and evaluation in the modified system. They contain hazard identification, hazard validation, consequence analyzing, the methods for determining risk category, hazard severity, possible hazard frequency, stages for dividing risks and recommended management for eliminate and alleviate risks. Those results of the revised system were analyzed by using lists of hazard identification, hazard influence and hazard liber. And risk monitoring is implemented by using the hazard liber.
Non-chemical Control of Root Parasitic Weeds with Biochar (2017)

This study tested whether soil-applied biochar can impact the seed germination and attachment of root parasitic weeds. Three hypotheses were evaluated: (i) biochar adsorbs host-exuded signaling molecules; (ii) biochar activates plants' innate system-wide defenses against invasion by the parasite; and (iii) biochar has a systemic influence on the amount of seed germination stimulant produced or released by the host plant. Three types of experiments were performed: (I) pot trials with tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) infested with <i>Phelipanche aegyptiaca PERS</i>. (Egyptian broomrape) and three different types of biochar at concentrations ranging from 0 to 1.5% weight, wherein tomato plant biomass, <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> biomass, and number of <i>P. aegyptiaca</i>-tomato root attachments were quantified; (II) split-root biochar/no-biochar experiments under hydroponic growing conditions performed in polyethylene bags with tomato plant rootings, wherein <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seed germination percentage and radicle attachment numbers were quantified; and (III) germination trials, wherein the effect of biochar adsorption of GR-24 (artificial germination stimulant) on <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seed germination was quantified. Addition of biochar to the pot soil (Experiment I) resulted in lower levels of <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> infection in the tomato plants, mainly through a decrease in the number of <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> attachments. This led to improved tomato plant growth. In Experiment II, <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> seed germination percentage decreased in the biochar-treated root zone as compared with the no-biochar control root zone; <i>P. aegyptiaca</i> radicle attachment numbers decreased accordingly. This experiment showed that biochar did not induce a systemic change in the activity of the stimulant molecules exuded by the tomato roots, toxicity to the radicles, or a change in the ability of the radicles to penetrate the tomato roots. The major cause for the decrease in germination percentage was physical adsorption of the stimulant molecule by the biochar (Experiment III). Adding biochar to soil to reduce infections by root parasitic weeds is an innovative means of control with the potential to become an important strategy both for non-chemical treatment of this family of pests, and for enhancing the economic feasibility of the pyrolysis/biochar platform. This platform is often viewed as one of a handful of credible strategies for helping to mitigate climate change.
Group actions on chains of Banach manifolds and applications to fluid dynamics (2006)

This paper presents the theory of non-smooth Lie group actions on chains of Banach manifolds. The rigorous functional analytic spaces are given to deal with quotients of such actions. A hydrodynamical example is studied in detail.
Die Faszination großer Ringe: cyclische Metallkomplexe mehrzähniger Liganden (1997)

Verknüpfungsreaktionen in der Koordinationssphäre von Metallionen sind die wichtigsten Schritte bei der Synthese sehr großer anorganischer Ringverbindungen. Die meisten derartigen Verbindungen sind der Koordinationschemie zuzuordnen. Daneben gibt es aber auch Beispiele aus der metallorganischen Chemie, z.B. das von F. H. Köhler et al. in diesem Heft vorgestellte Ferrocen‐Schaufelrad. Für eine gezieltere Synthese dieser Verbindungen muß aber zunächst die Frage beantwortet werden, welche Prinzipien die Bildung dieser ungewöhnlichen Moleküle bestimmen.
Time-gated in vivo autofluorescence imaging of dental caries. (1999)

Laser-induced time-resolved autofluorescence from carious lesions of human teeth was studied by means of ultrashort pulsed laser systems, time-correlated single photon counting and time-gated imaging. Carious regions exhibited a slower fluorescence decay with a main 17 ns fluorescence lifetime than healthy hard dental tissue. The long-lived fluorophore present in carious lesions only emits in the red spectral region. Fluorescence decay time and spectral characteristics are typical of fluorescent metal-free porphyrin monomers. The spatial distribution of the long-lived endogenous porphyrin fluorophore within the tooth material was detected by time-gated nanosecond autofluorescence imaging. In particular, high contrast video images were obtained with an appropriate time delay of 15 ns to 25 ns between excitation and detection due to the suppression of short-lived autofluorescence of healthy tissue. First in vivo applications are reported indicating the potential of time-resolved fluorescence diagnostics for early caries- and dental plaque detection.