gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1345: Evidence for genetic mediation of lung cancer through hay fever. (2013)

Abstract Introduction: In the past decade, advances in genetics have led to the discovery of numerous lung cancer susceptibility variants. The majority of these variants have been found to influence lung cancer susceptibility via tobacco exposure or nicotine addiction; however, recently, researchers have observed lung cancer susceptibility variants that mediate through Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Studies involving potential genetic factors related to other lung-related conditions, such as pneumonia and/or hay fever have been limited. The genetic variants related to underlying mechanism of hay fever on the development of lung cancer are interesting to pursue as hay fever has been showed to be protective against lung cancer. Methods: Cases included 1154 histological-confirmed Caucasian lung cases from MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, Texas, and controls included 1137 individuals recruited through the Kelsey-Seybold Clinics in Houston, Texas. These cases and controls were a subset of participants from a lung cancer case-control study conducted that has available Genome-wide association study (GWAS) data (317,498 SNPs). We first conducted an association analysis in PLINK to determine the association of each SNP with both lung cancer and hay fever and find SNPs that showed a joint significance for both hay fever and lung cancer in opposite directions (p-value &amp;lt; 0.05 for both). We then performed mediation analyses with the SNPs that showed significance for both hay fever and lung cancer. Finally, we inferred SNPs in regions that contained a collection of tag SNPs that mediate lung cancer risk through hay fever. Results: Two hundred and forty six SNPs were found to be statistically significant (p-value &amp;lt; 0.05) for both hay fever (protection) and lung cancer (risk), and 76 of these SNPs maintained their significance level after mediation analysis. SNP rs7159751 on chromosome 14 had the highest mediation effect of 19.83%. A collection of SNPs on the Neuregulin 3 gene (NRG3) that mediate lung cancer risk through hay fever was found on Chromosome 10 which has been shown to activate the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway and stimulate lung epithelial cell proliferation. Conclusion: This is the first study to have investigated the mediation effects of hay fever on lung cancer risk. Our data supports the mediation role of certain SNPs in lung cancer through hay fever and points to specific transduction pathway. Future studies are needed to validate these results in external populations. Citation Format: Anthony D'Amelio, Chi H. Nguyen, Randa El-Zein, Margaret R. Spitz, Xifeng Wu, Carol J. Etzel. Evidence for genetic mediation of lung cancer through hay fever. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1345. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-1345
Contribution of QnrA, a Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Peptide, to Survival of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Exposed to a Lethal Ciprofloxacin Concentration (2014)

We evaluated the effects of qnrA on survival of bacteria exposed to a lethal ciprofloxacin (CIP) concentration and development of quinolone resistance through the accumulation of amino acid substitutions in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA and ParC, targets of quinolones, in Escherichia coli. CIP-susceptible E. coli strains of different O-serotypes (O1, O6, O18, O25b, O74, and O78) were transformed by a recombinant plasmid harboring qnrA, and the parent strains and their transformants were subjected to killing curve assays and adaptation tests. In the killing curve assay at 2 × the minimum inhibitory concentration of CIP, the viable bacterial cell numbers of strains O1, O6, and O25b were maintained at 10(5)-10(8) CFU/mL after 24-h incubation, while the remaining strains showed a 10(5)-fold reduction in viable cell numbers. In the adaptation test, a Ser83-Leu substitution in the QRDR of GyrA was identified earlier in the parent strains of O25b and O1 than in their transformants, suggesting that the acquisition of qnrA did not necessarily accelerate the rate of accumulation of amino acid substitutions in the QRDR. We confirmed that the presence of qnrA contributed to increased survival of the E. coli strains displaying certain O-serotypes. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the precise effects of qnrA on quinolone resistance acquisition by Enterobacteriaceae.
Clinical benefit of MAO-B and COMT inhibition in Parkinson’s disease: practical considerations (2023)

Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) are major strategies to reduce levodopa degradation and thus to increase and prolong its effect in striatal dopaminergic neurotransmission in Parkinson's disease patients. While selegiline/rasagiline and tolcapone/entacapone have been available on the market for more than one decade, safinamide and opicapone have been approved in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Meanwhile, comprehensive data from several post-authorization studies have described the use and specific characteristics of the individual substances in clinical practice under real-life conditions. Here, we summarize current knowledge on both medication classes, with a focus on the added clinical value in Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, we outline practical considerations in the treatment of motor fluctuations and provide an outlook on ongoing studies with MAO-B and COMT inhibitors.
The Covalent Structure of Calf Skin Type III Collagen. I. The Amino Acid Sequence of the Amino Terminal Region of the αl(III) Chain (Position 1-222) (1979)

The amino terminal 227 amino acid residues of the alpha 1(III) chain contain four CNBr peptides: alpha 1(III)CB3A (79 residues), CB3B, CB3C (6 residues each), CB7 (37 residues) and CB6 (99 residues). Fragmentation of the CNBr peptides was carried out using trypsin, chymotrypsin and the protease from Staphylococcus aureus V8. The fragments obtained were isolated by a combination of molecular sieve and ion exchange chromatography. The sequence analysis was performed according to the automated Edman degradation procedure.
Nuclear Factor-κB as a target of cyclosporin in acute hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock (2001)

Our results suggest that acute blood loss (50% of the estimated total blood volume over a period of 20 min) causes early activation of NF-kappaB which triggers an inflammatory cascade leading to a fatal outcome. Cyclosporin blocks NF-kappaB activation and protects against hypovolemic hemorrhagic shock.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Phosphonylmethyl Analogues of Diribonucleoside Monophosphates Containing Modified Internucleotide Bond. (1988)

Abstract Four types of diribonucleoside monophosphates (V)‐(VIII) are prepared via condensation of protected phosphonates (e.g.
INDUCTION OF CHILLING TOLERANCE IN GRAPEFRUIT: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR ASPECTS (2005)

Many tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables, such as citrus, are sensitive to low chilling temperatures and, thus, must be stored after harvest at relatively high temperatures that enhance their deterioration. In previous studies, we found that a short pre-storage hot water rinsing treatment (at 62°C for 20 s) markedly increased chilling tolerance in grapefruit and reduced the development of chilling injuries following 6 weeks of cold storage at 2°C. Molecular analysis studies using PCR cDNA differential display and PCR cDNA subtraction techniques revealed that the hot water treatment increased the expression of several stress-related cDNAs in the fruit peel tissue, including heat shock proteins (HSPs), dehydrins, and a sodium proton antiport gene known to be involved in plant salt tolerance. Evaluation of gene expression patterns showed that many of these stress genes were only temporarily induced by the heat treatment alone when the fruit were kept at ambient temperatures, but markedly and continually expressed by the combination of heat followed by cold storage.
<title>Spatio-temporal rate allocation for hybrid video coding</title> (2003)

State-of-the-art video coders feature a high level of adaptivity to meet the properties of their input signals. Video signal statistics are apt to sometimes discontinuously vary in all three dimensions: spatially and temporally. Consequently for video compression, different coding tools are employed at different coordinates of the signal to adaptively and maximally reduce redundancy. Since the decision for a certain tool and for the apropriate parameters is highly signal-dependent, a video coder forms a non-linear system and optimization is not trivial to perform. Lagrange Rate/Distortion-Optimization (RDO) has become an important tool for video encoding. It has achieved high gains in coding efficiency when applied to the independent encoding of macroblocks (MBs). For a chosen quantizer, bit rate is allocated to each MB's coefficients and prediction parameters subject to minimization of a Lagrange cost function of rate and distortion. In effect, the cheaper option is chosen to either use a more precise prediction, i.e. motion vectors and block tiling, or to spend more bit rate on the coefficients. Often, the video coding objective is that of constant quality. This is approximately achieved by a constant quantizer for all MBs and RDO within each MB. Due to the recursive structure of hybrid video coders though, MBs are dependent on each other, demanding for dependent RDO. This has early been formulated, but is hardly solvable due to the high dimensionality of this problem. In the following, possible simplified ways to take dependencies into account are explored. The variations in all three dimensions of the signal properties are differentiated and simplified models used for a dependent optimization.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antihypertensive and α‐Adrenoceptor Activity of Novel 2‐Aminoalkyl‐3(2H)‐pyridazinones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Transparent Conductive Two-Dimensional Titanium Carbide Epitaxial Thin Films (2014)

Since the discovery of graphene, the quest for two-dimensional (2D) materials has intensified greatly. Recently, a new family of 2D transition metal carbides and carbonitrides (MXenes) was discovered that is both conducting and hydrophilic, an uncommon combination. To date MXenes have been produced as powders, flakes, and colloidal solutions. Herein, we report on the fabrication of ∼1 × 1 cm<sup>2</sup> Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub> films by selective etching of Al, from sputter-deposited epitaxial Ti<sub>3</sub>AlC<sub>2</sub> films, in aqueous HF or NH<sub>4</sub>HF<sub>2</sub>. Films that were about 19 nm thick, etched with NH<sub>4</sub>HF<sub>2</sub>, transmit ∼90% of the light in the visible-to-infrared range and exhibit metallic conductivity down to ∼100 K. Below 100 K, the films' resistivity increases with decreasing temperature and they exhibit negative magnetoresistance-both observations consistent with a weak localization phenomenon characteristic of many 2D defective solids. This advance opens the door for the use of MXenes in electronic, photonic, and sensing applications.
Our Energy Income: Geothermal, Hydropower, Wind, Solar, and Biomass (2010)

We briefly discuss our income resources, or renewables, as they are often referred to, in chapters 1 and 3. These resources differ from our inherited resources in that they can potentially last for as long as civilization exists and beyond. We would be better off if we could live off our income, instead of relying on our inheritance that will some day be exhausted. While historically we survived on income resources for many millennia, those sources cannot support our current lifestyle, and they contribute only a very small portion to our total annual energy budget. Given the overall desirability of switching to income sources, in this chapter we review the status of different technologies for using them and what it would take for each one to become a substantial contributor. As we shall see, none of these technologies is currently economic, and they are not free from being potentially damaging to the environment when grown to the required scale. Income resources can offer a path toward sustainability if we are able to engineer the systems correctly without creating other problems along the way. With that in mind, we begin by enumerating our principal energy income resources: . . . Radiant energy from the sun, which also drives the wind and the water cycle, and provides the energy for plants to grow Heat energy from Earth Tidal energy derived from the moon’s gravitational attraction Wave and ocean-current energy . . . The radiant energy derived from the sun is by far the largest contributor (see chapter 3, box titled “Total Solar Flux”). It comes from a series of solar reactions that result in the fusion of hydrogen into helium. The sun’s radiant energy directly or indirectly spawns biomass, photovoltaic electricity, solar-thermal, and wind energy. It also results in derivative energy sources such as wave energy (from wind), ocean-current energy, and hydropower. In chapter 3 we briefly introduced these income resources and noted that the amount of solar radiation reaching the surface of Earth is around 23,000 CMO/yr.
Origin of fibroblasts in wound healing: An autoradiographic study of inhibition of cellular proliferation by local x-irradiation (1963)

Skin wounds of guinea pigs were locally exposed to 750-r doses of x rays at various times after wounding to inhibit cellular proliferation in attempts to determine the origin of cells involved in wound repair. Cellular proliferation was followed by the incorporation of thymidine-H³ as seen by autoradiography. It was concluded that the effect on fibroblast proliferation resulted from influences applied to cells resident in the tissues of the wound area at the time of wounding. A large proportion of fibroblasts would seem to originate from cell precursors present in resting local mesenchymal tissues. Opposing previous theory, in the present experiment no excessive proliferative attempts by fibroblasts were observed adjacent to nonproliferating capillaries. Thus, while capillary inhibition did occur, and it is probable that, in time, fibrous precipitation might result locally from the activity of arrested fibroblasts, there was no evidence to suggest a limitation of recruitment from the vascular system in the area as a result of irradiation effect on capillaries. (H.H.D.)
Performance evaluation of the KM-200 amplifier in a standard safeguards neutron well-counter (2018)

A novel amplifier circuit, named KM-200, suitable for 3He gas proportional counters for neutron detection was developed at LANL. The new circuit is proposed as a potential substitute for the standard Amptek A111 amplifier currently used in many neutron well-counters by Euratom and IAEA. It is expected that due to aging many such A111 units could need replacing in the coming years.\nThe purpose of the Action Sheet 59 of the Euratom-DoE collaboration is the field testing of the new KM-200 amplifier circuit. Under AS-59 a test campaign of the KM-200 at high count rate had previously been performed at the JRC PUNITA facility in Ispra.\nThe present report concerns the 2nd test campaign carried out jointly between LANL and JRC staff at the JRC laboratory in Karlsruhe. The intention was to test the compatibility of the KM-200 with a standard safeguards well-counter such as the AWCC, and to quantify the expected improvements of the new circuit in terms of the combined dead-time effect caused by the 3He detector tubes and the amplifier.\nThe test campaign demonstrated that the KM-200 can indeed be directly accommodated in the EURATOM AWCC. Suitability was assessed by 1) evaluation of the KM-200 as a drop-in replacement for the original EURATOM safeguards system amplifiers, and 2) performance comparison of original vs KM-200 preamplifiers for normal and high rate measurements.\nThe results from the Karlsruhe test campaign are reported. Clearly the KM-200 is a versatile amplifier suitable for gas proportional counters, and a potential candidate for substitution of aging A111 units used in field. The test results however are not conclusive with respect to reducing the dead-time effect at high counting rates. Further work is proposed to complete these investigations.
Hip resurfacing for osteonecrosis (2016)

To our knowledge, this is the first report of a series of HRA performed for ON with 15-year survivorship. Our data confirm that patients with advanced stages of ON of the femoral head are excellent candidates for HRA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:901-9.
A robust control framework for smart actuators (2004)

Hysteresis in smart actuators presents a challenge in control of these actuators. A fundamental idea to cope with hysteresis is inverse compensation. But due to the open loop nature of inverse compensation, its performance is susceptible to model uncertainties and to errors introduced by inverse schemes. In this paper we develop a robust control framework for smart actuators by combining inverse control with the l/sub 1/ robust control theory, where the inversion error is modeled as an exogenous disturbance with a magnitude bound quantifiable in terms of parameter uncertainties and inversion schemes. Through the example of controlling a magnetostrictive actuator, we present a systematic controller design method which guarantees robust stability and robust trajectory tracking while taking actuator saturation into account. Simulation and experimental results are provided.
Femtosecond Yb-fiber laser synchronously pumped HgGa2S4 optical parametric oscillator tunable in the 4.4- to 12-μm range (2018)

We employed an HgGa2S4 nonlinear crystal to achieve the highest average power from a high-repetition rate mid-infrared femtosecond optical parametric oscillator (OPO), synchronously pumped near 1 μm. The continuous tuning of the nonresonated idler extended from below 4.4 to beyond 12 μm. The OPO was pumped by a 6.5-W, 1.035-μm, 81-MHz, 220-fs Yb-fiber laser. The idler output reached an average power of over 355 mW at 5.2 μm (at a signal power of > 2 W at 1.25 μm). The peak quantum efficiency of the OPO approached 40%. The signal output was diffraction limited with M2 < 1.1. No crystal damage was observed at average pump intensities as high as 60 kW/cm2.
Supplementary Table Legend from Novel Targeting of Phospho-cMET Overcomes Drug Resistance and Induces Antitumor Activity in Multiple Myeloma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 80K.&lt;/p&gt;
Making the business our business (2004)

In a recent talk, Daniel Rosenberg [13] asked why we were still talking about return-on-investment (ROI) justifications for HCI work. Rosenberg said he had never been asked for an ROI justification in his 20-plus years in the field. That may be true for most practitioners, but if we want our contribution to be taken seriously by other stakeholders, we absolutely must demonstrate the business value of HCI.
Diagnostik bei autoimmunen Schilddrüsenerkrankungen / Diagnostic testing for autoimmune thyroid diseases (2006)

Zusammenfassung Die Autoimmunthyreoiditis (AIT) ist die häufigste Autoimmunerkrankung des Menschen. Die Klinik ist sehr variabel und reicht von Hypo- bis zu Hyperthyreose-Symptomen. Das Schilddrüsenparenchym stellt sich dabei typischerweise inhomogen und diffus echoarm dar. Es besteht eine positive Korrelation zwischen den Titern von Antikörpern gegen die Thyreoperoxidase (TPO) und der Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Auftreten einer Hypothyreose. Diese Korrelation kann derzeit jedoch nur unzureichend quantifiziert werden. Eine generelle Empfehlung zur Bestimmung der Antikörper gegen TPO in der Allgemeinbevölkerung kann nicht gemacht werden. Bei Nachweis eines erhöht gemessenen TSH-Wertes ist diese Bestimmung allerdings angezeigt. Die Immunhyperthyreose ist die einzige Autoimmunerkrankung, bei der es zu einer Stimulation des Zielgewebes und primär nicht zu dessen Destruktion kommt. Neben der Hyperthyreose kann es zu extrathyreoidalen Manifestationen wie der endokrinen Orbitopathie kommen. In der Sonographie bzw. Duplex-Sonographie sieht man häufig eine diffuse Echoarmut und verstärkte Durchblutung des Organs. Zur Diagnosesicherung des Morbus Basedow sollten die TSH-Rezeptor-Autoantikörper (TRAK) bestimmt werden. Aufgrund der höheren Sensitivität und Spezifität ist der Assay der zweiten Generation (Einheiten in IU/L) gegenüber demjenigen der ersten Generation (Einheiten in U/L) vorzuziehen. Eine Prognoseabschätzung des Morbus Basedow gelingt durch eine Bestimmung der TRAK sechs Monate nach Erstdiagnose, wobei Werte &gt;10 IU/L eine Remission weitgehend ausschließen, so dass eine definitive Therapie schon zu diesem Zeitpunkt angestrebt werden kann. Für niedrigere Werte oder auch Abnahmezeitpunkte nach kürzerer Krankheitsdauer kann derzeit noch keine zuverlässige Aussage gemacht werden. Mittels der TRAK-Bestimmung auf der Basis eines Assays der zweiten Generation kann auch das Risiko für eine Verschlechterung einer endokrinen Orbitopathie abgeschätzt werden. Die Bestimmung der Thyreoglobulin-Antikörper (Thyreoglobulin-AK) ist für beide Erkrankungsentitäten entbehrlich.
Structural and Functional Study of an Anemonia Elastase Inhibitor, a “Nonclassical” Kazal-Type Inhibitor fromAnemonia sulcata (2005)

Anemonia elastase inhibitor (AEI) is a "nonclassical" Kazal-type elastase inhibitor from Anemonia sulcata. Unlike many nonclassical inhibitors, AEI does not have a cystine-stabilized alpha-helical (CSH) motif in the sequence. We chemically synthesized AEI and determined its three-dimensional solution structure by two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The resulting structure of AEI was characterized by a central alpha-helix and a three-stranded antiparallel beta-sheet of a typical Kazal-type inhibitor such as silver pheasant ovomucoid third domain (OMSVP3), even though the first and fifth half-cystine residues forming a disulfide bond in AEI are shifted both toward the C-terminus in comparison with those of OMSVP3. Synthesized AEI exhibited unexpected strong inhibition toward Streptomyces griseus protease B (SGPB). Our previous study [Hemmi, H., et al. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 2524-2534] demonstrated that the site-specific introduction of the engineered disulfide bond into the OMSVP3 molecule to form the CSH motif could produce an inhibitor with a narrower specificity. Thus, the CSH motif-containing derivative of AEI (AEI analogue) was chemically synthesized when a Cys(4)-Cys(34) bond was changed to a Cys(6)-Cys(31) bond. The AEI analogue scarcely inhibited porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE), even though it exhibited almost the same potent inhibitory activity toward SGPB. For the molecular scaffold, essentially no structural difference was detected between the two, but the N-terminal loop from Pro(5) to Ile(7) near the putative reactive site (Met(10)-Gln(11)) in the analogue moved by 3.7 A toward the central helix to form the introduced Cys(6)-Cys(31) bond. Such a conformational change in the restricted region correlates with the specificity change of the inhibitor.
Three Dimensional Simulation and Optimization of Microbatteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Total Synthesis of (−)-Przewalskin B (2010)

The first total synthesis of (-)-Przewalskin B has been accomplished with an intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution (INAS) reaction and an intramolecular aldol condensation as key steps.