gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regioreversed Thermal and Photochemical Reduction of 10-Methylacridinium and 1-Methylquinolinium Ions by Organosilanes and Oraganostannanes (2001)

Irradiation of the absorption band of the 10-methylacridinium ion (AcrH+) in acetonitrile containing allylic silanes and stannanes results in the efficient and selective reduction of the 10-methylacridinium ion to yield the allylated dihydroacridines. In the photochemical reactions of AcrH+ with unsymmetric allylsilanes, the allylic groups are introduced selectively at the α position. Likewise, the reactions with unsymmetric allylstannanes afforded the α adducts predominantly, but the γ adducts were also obtained as minor products. In contrast to this, the thermal reduction of AcrH+ and the 1-methylquinolinium ion (QuH+) by unsymmetric allylstannanes gave only the γ adducts. The thermal reduction of QuH+ by tributyltin hydride or hydrosilanes in the presence of a fluoride anion also occurs to yield 1-methyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline selectively. On the other hand, the photoreduction of QuH+ derivatives by tributyltin hydride and tris(trimethylsilyl)silane yields the corresponding 1,4-dihydroquinolines exclusively. The difference in the mechanisms for the regioreversed thermal and photochemical reduction of AcrH+ and QuH+ is discussed in terms of nucleophilic vs electron-transfer pathways. The photochemical reactions proceed via photoinduced electron transfer from organosilanes and organostannanes to the singlet excited states of AcrH+ and QuH+, followed by the radical coupling of the resulting radical pair in competition with the back electron transfer to the ground state. The rate constants of photoinduced electron transfer obtained from the fluorescence quenching of AcrH+ and QuH+ by organosilane and organostannane donors agree with those obtained from the dependence of the quantum yields on the donor concentrations for the photochemical reactions. The electron-transfer rate constants are well analyzed in light of the Marcus theory of adiabatic outer-sphere electron transfer, leading to the evaluation of the reorganization energy (λ = 0.90 eV) of the electron-transfer reactions. The transient spectra of the radical pair produced by the photoinduced electron transfer from organosilanes to the singlet excited state of AcrH+ have been successfully detected in laser-flash photolysis of the AcrH+−organosilane systems. The rate constants of back electron transfer to the ground state have been determined, leading to the evaluation of the reorganization energy for the back electron transfer, which agrees with the value for the forward electron transfer.
The Binding Sites of Inhibitory Monoclonal Antibodies on Acetylcholinesterase (1999)

We investigated the target sites of three inhibitory monoclonal antibodies on Electrophorus acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Previous studies showed that Elec-403 and Elec-410 are directed to overlapping but distinct epitopes in the peripheral site, at the entrance of the catalytic gorge, whereas Elec-408 binds to a different region. Using Electrophorus/rat AChE chimeras, we identified surface residues that differed between sensitive and insensitive AChEs: the replacement of a single Electrophorus residue by its rat homolog was able to abolish binding and inhibition, for each antibody. Reciprocally, binding and inhibition by Elec-403 and by Elec-410 could be conferred to rat AChE by the reverse mutation. Elec-410 appears to bind to one side of the active gorge, whereas Elec-403 covers its opening, explaining why the AChE-Elec-410 complex reacts faster than the AChE-Elec-403 or AChE-fasciculin complexes with two active site inhibitors, m-(N,N, N-trimethyltammonio)trifluoro-acetophenone and echothiophate. Elec-408 binds to the region of the putative "back door," distant from the peripheral site, and does not interfere with the access of inhibitors to the active site. The binding of an antibody to this novel regulatory site may inhibit the enzyme by blocking the back door or by inducing a conformational distortion within the active site.
Microfluidic Generation of Gradient Hydrogels to Modulate Hematopoietic Stem Cell Culture Environment (2013)

The bone marrow provides spatially and temporally variable signals that impact the behavior of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). While multiple biomolecular signals and bone marrow cell populations have been proposed as key regulators of HSC fate, new tools are required to probe their importance and mechanisms of action. Here, a novel method based on a microfluidic mixing platform to create small volume, 3D hydrogel constructs containing overlapping patterns of cell and matrix constituents inspired by the HSC niche is described. This approach is used to generate hydrogels containing opposing gradients of fluorescent microspheres, MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts, primary murine hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), and combinations thereof in a manner independent of hydrogel density and cell/particle size. Three different analytical methods are described to characterize local properties of these hydrogels at multiple scales: 1) whole construct fluorescent analysis; 2) multi-photon imaging of individual cells within the construct; 3) retrieval of discrete sub-regions from the hydrogel post-culture. The approach reported here allows the creation of stable gradients of cell and material cues within a single, optically translucent 3D biomaterial to enable a range of investigations regarding how microenvironmental signals impact cell fate.
Effect of Thermal Shocking on Minco Model S1059 Platinum Resistance Thermometers (1967)

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DOI Detection Capability of 3D Crystal Array Standing over Two PMTs (2006)

Absence of scintillation crystal in the region between adjacent PMTs, PMT blind region, will cause loss of data sampling and less sensitivity in a PET or another system. We propose design of a depth of interaction (DOI) detector to fill up the PMT blind region with crystals. In the design, a 3-dimensional (3D) array of single kind crystals stands over two PMTs. The crystal array is optically coupled to the PMTs directly and materials between crystal elements are chosen among optical film, coupling material and just remained as air gap to control scintillation light path in the crystal array instead of coupling a light guide on the bottom of the array as is generally done. Not only reflector but translucent film is also utilized as optical film in the DOI detector design. In this paper, first, we seek for an available DOI crystal array design in simple setting with a PMT, and then we demonstrate its DOI detection capability in the setting with two PMTs. The DOI detector is developed with the intention of the use in jPET-RD system; the PET system we have developed for small animals. In the system, there is about 6 mm interval in axial direction between outer anodes of adjacent two PMTs. The cross section of the crystal elements is 1.46 mm /spl times/ 1.46 mm in jPET-RD detector so that 2-layers of four crystals are involved in the PMT blind region. We introduce the design of the 2-layer DOI crystal array for the region and the results of its performance evaluation.
Tumour necrosis factor-α/etanercept complexes in serum predict long-term efficacy of etanercept treatment in seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (2017)

We demonstrated that levels of circulating TNF-α increased in almost all individuals after initiation of treatment with etanercept and that this increase mainly comprised TNF-α in complex with etanercept. More importantly, this increase may predict drug survival in adults with seronegative, but not seropositive, RA and suggests that measuring TNF-α/etanercept complexes in serum may be relevant in patients with seronegative RA.
Cytarabine syndrome revisited (2003)

A 32-year-old woman with acute myeloid leukaemia in complete remission following induction therapy was admitted for her second consolidation course of high-dose cytarabine arabinoside (HiDAC; 3 g/m2 b.i.d. on d 1, 3 and 5). She had tolerated the first course of HiDAC well. Her treatment on this occasion was complicated by a striking pattern of pyrexia and tachycardia occurring after each cytarabine infusion (black arrows). With each febrile episode, she felt non-specifically unwell. Cultures were drawn from her Hickman line and a peripheral vein during each febrile episode, and were negative. Her fever settled spontaneously inbetween doses. The last two doses of cytarabine were given with hydrocortisone as premedication, effectively ameliorating the fever. Fever occurring following cytarabine infusion has been reported as part of a cytarabine syndrome (fever, myalgia, bone pain, maculopapular rash, conjunctivitis, malaise and occasionally pericarditis). Spontaneous resolution following completion of the infusion and prevention of fever with corticosteroids in our patient suggests a hypersensitivity reaction similar to that of the cytarabine syndrome. These may be two ends of a spectrum of acute manifestations caused by cytarabine, probably mediated by cytokines.
Quantitative iTRAQ Proteomics Revealed Possible Roles for Antioxidant Proteins in Sorghum Aluminum Tolerance (2017)

Aluminum (Al) toxicity inhibits root growth and limits crop yields on acid soils worldwide. However, quantitative information is scarce on protein expression profiles under Al stress in crops. In this study, we report on the identification of potential Al responsive proteins from root tips of Al sensitive BR007 and Al tolerant SC566 sorghum lines using a strategy employing iTRAQ and 2D-liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to MS/MS (2D-LC-MS/MS). A total of 771 and 329 unique proteins with abundance changes of >1.5 or <0.67-fold were identified in BR007 and SC566, respectively. Protein interaction and pathway analyses indicated that proteins involved in the antioxidant system were more abundant in the tolerant line than in the sensitive one after Al treatment, while opposite trends were observed for proteins involved in lignin biosynthesis. Higher levels of ROS accumulation in root tips of the sensitive line due to decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes could lead to higher lignin production and hyper-accumulation of toxic Al in cell walls. These results indicated that activities of peroxidases and the balance between production and consumption of ROS could be important for Al tolerance and lignin biosynthesis in sorghum.
Adsorption of Cadmium Ions on Oxygen Surface Sites in Activated Carbon (1999)

Various types of oxygen functional groups were introduced onto the surface of coconut shell derived activated carbon by oxidation using nitric acid. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and selective neutralization were used to characterize the surface oxygen functional groups. The oxidized carbons were also heat treated to provide a suite of carbons where the oxygen functional groups of various thermal stabilities were varied progressively. The adsorption of cadmium ions was enhanced dramatically by oxidation of the carbon. The ratio of released protons to adsorbed cadmium ions on oxidized carbon was approximately 2, indicating cation exchange was involved in the process of adsorption. Na+ exchange studies with the oxidized carbon gave a similar ratio. After heat treatment of the oxidized carbons to remove oxygen functional groups, the ratio of H+ released to Cd2+ adsorbed and the adsorption capacity decreased significantly. Both reversible and irreversible processes were involved in cadmium ion adsorption with reversible adsorption having higher enthalpy. The irreversible adsorption resulted from cation exchange with carboxylic acid groups, whereas the reversible adsorption probably involved physisorption of the partially hydrated cadmium ion.
Automatic speech translation based on the semantic structure (2002)

Describes a system for the semantic-based translation of spoken or written limited-domain utterances. The semantic structure, as the output of a semantic decoder, serves as the interlingua level. A word-chain generator combined with a linguistic post-processor produces the corresponding word chain in the target language. Both the semantic decoder and the word chain generator work with pure stochastic and trainable knowledge bases. The grammatical features of certain words can be easily extracted with the aid of both the word chain and the semantic structure.
Density functional theory calculations of magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies for ( Fe1–xCox)2B (2015)

We present and discuss density functional theory calculations of magnetic properties of the family of ferromagnetic compounds, (Fe(1-x)Co(x))(2)B, focusing specifically on the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy (MAE). Using periodic supercells of various sizes (up to 96 atoms), it is shown that the general qualitative features of the composition dependence of the MAE is in agreement with experimental findings, while our predicted magnitudes are larger than those of experiment. We find that the use of small supercells (6 and 12-atom) favors larger MAE values relative to a statistical sample of configurations constructed with 96-atom supercells. The effect of lattice relaxations is shown to be small. Calculations of the Curie temperature for this alloy are also presented.
Clinic Time Required for Remote and In-Person Management of Patients With Cardiac Devices: Time and Motion Workflow Evaluation (2021)

The CIED patient management workflow is complex and requires significant staff time. Understanding process steps and time requirements informs the implementation of efficiency improvements, including remote solutions. Future research should examine heterogeneity in patient management processes to identify the most efficient workflow.
Analysis of the temperature dependence of hot-carrier-induced degradation in bipolar transistors for Bi-CMOS (1994)

The temperature dependence of emitter-base reverse stress degradation in bipolar transistors for Bi-CMOS circuits was studied. A suitable measure of degradation in the operating temperature range was chosen after careful consideration of the fact that bipolar transistor characteristics are very sensitive to temperature changes. The worst-case temperature conditions within the transistors' operating range were determined. Degradation was found to be worst at around 50/spl deg/C-a result of a tradeoff between thermal recovery from degradation and the effects of bandgap narrowing on bipolar characteristics. The recovery phenomena which had taken place after degradation were also investigated in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Effectiveness of Subcutaneous Casirivimab and Imdevimab Relative to no COVID-19 Antibody Treatment Among Patients Diagnosed With COVID-19 in the Ambulatory Setting (2022)

Abstract Importance Data on real-world effectiveness of subcutaneous (SC) administration of casirivimab and imdevimab (CAS+IMD) for treatment of COVID-19 are limited. Objective To assess effectiveness of SC CAS+IMD vs no COVID-19 antibody treatment among patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in ambulatory settings during the Delta-dominant period prior to Omicron emergence. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Encrypted linked data between Komodo Health closed claims database and CDR Maguire Health &amp; Medical database. Participants Patients with COVID-19 in ambulatory settings between August 1, 2021 and October 30, 2021 treated with SC CAS+IMD were exact- and propensity score-matched to up to 5 untreated patients who were treatment-eligible under the Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) Exposure Subcutaneous CAS+IMD. Main Outcomes and Measures Composite endpoint of 30-day all-cause mortality or COVID- 19-related hospitalization. Kaplan-Meier estimators were used to calculate composite risk overall and across subgroups including age, COVID-19 vaccination status, immunocompromised, and elevated risk defined as age ≥ 65 years or 55-64 years with body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m 2 , type 2 diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or chronic kidney disease. Cox proportional- hazards models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Among 13 522 patients treated with SC CAS+IMD, 12 972 (95.9%) were matched to 41 848 EUA-eligible untreated patients; patients were 57-58% female, with mean age between 50 and 52 years. The 30-day composite outcome risk was 1.9% (95% CI, 1.7-2.2; 247 events) and 4.4% (95% CI, 4.2-4.6; 1822 events) in the CAS+IMD-treated and untreated cohorts, respectively; CAS+IMD treatment was associated with a 49% lower risk (aHR 0.51; 95% CI, 0.46-0.58). Treatment was also associated with a 67% lower 30-day risk of all-cause mortality (aHR 0.33, 95% CI, 0.18-0.60). Treatment effectiveness was consistent regardless of vaccination status and across subgroups, including those at elevated risk (aHR 0.51, 95% CI 0.42-0.60) or immunocompromised (aHR 0.34, 95% CI 0.17-0.66). Conclusions and Relevance Subcutaneous treatment with CAS+IMD is effective for reducing all-cause mortality or COVID-19-related hospitalization in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and managed in real-world outpatient settings during the Delta-dominant period. Effectiveness is maintained among immunocompromised, vaccinated, and elevated risk patients.
Lymphotactin Expression by Engineered Myeloma Cells Drives Tumor Regression: Mediation by CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells and Neutrophils Expressing XCR1 Receptor (2001)

The C chemokine lymphotactin has been characterized as a T cell chemoattractant both in vitro and in vivo. To determine whether lymphotactin expression within tumors could influence tumor growth, we transfected an expression vector for lymphotactin into SP2/0 myeloma cells and tested their ability to form tumors in BALB/c and nude mice. Transfection did not alter cell growth in vitro. Whereas SP2/0 cells gave rise to a 100% tumor incidence, lymphotactin-expressing SP2/0-Lptn tumors invariably regressed in BALB/c mice and became infiltrated with CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and neutrophils. Regression of the SP2/0-Lptn tumors was associated with a type 1 cytokine response and dependent on both CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, but not NK cells. Both SP2/0 and SP2/0-Lptn tumors grew in nude mice, but growth of the latter tumors was retarded and associated with heavy neutrophil responses; this retardation of SP2/0-Lptn tumor growth was reversed by neutrophil depletion of the mice. Our data also indicate that mouse neutrophils express the lymphotactin receptor XCR1 and that lymphotactin specifically chemoattracts these cells in vitro. Thus, lymphotactin has natural adjuvant activities that may augment antitumor responses via effects on both T cells and neutrophils and thereby could be important in gene transfer immunotherapies for some cancers.
Tocotrienol-Adjuvanted Dendritic Cells Inhibit Tumor Growth and Metastasis: A Murine Model of Breast Cancer (2013)

Tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) from palm oil is reported to possess anti-cancer and immune-enhancing effects. In this study, TRF supplementation was used as an adjuvant to enhance the anti-cancer effects of dendritic cells (DC)-based cancer vaccine in a syngeneic mouse model of breast cancer. Female BALB/c mice were inoculated with 4T1 cells in mammary pad to induce tumor. When the tumor was palpable, the mice in the experimental groups were injected subcutaneously with DC-pulsed with tumor lysate (TL) from 4T1 cells (DC+TL) once a week for three weeks and fed daily with 1 mg TRF or vehicle. Control mice received unpulsed DC and were fed with vehicle. The combined therapy of using DC+TL injections and TRF supplementation (DC+TL+TRF) inhibited (p<0.05) tumor growth and metastasis. Splenocytes from the DC+TL+TRF group cultured with mitomycin-C (MMC)-treated 4T1 cells produced higher (p<0.05) levels of IFN-γ and IL-12. The cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) assay also showed enhanced tumor-specific killing (p<0.05) by CD8(+) T-lymphocytes isolated from mice in the DC+TL+TRF group. This study shows that TRF has the potential to be used as an adjuvant to enhance effectiveness of DC-based vaccines.
Alkylcatechols regulate NGF gene expression in astroglial cells via both protein kinase C‐and cAMP‐independent mechanisms (1993)

It has been previously demonstrated that, in mouse astroglial cells and fibroblast cells in culture, alkylcatechols cause a rapid increase in the nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA level followed by a marked increase in the amount of NGF released into the medium. To understand the mechanism of this alkylcatechol effect on NGF gene expression in astroglial cells, we examined the effects of protein kinases that influence intracellular signal transduction and of their inhibitors. The reagents to increase the intracellular content of cyclic AMP (cAMP) such as dibutyryl cyclic AMP (Bt2cAMP), forskolin, or cholera toxin did not mimic alkylcatechol induction of NGF gene expression. Phorbol ester, a direct activator of protein kinase C (PKC), caused an increase in the NGF synthesis/secretion. The stimulatory effect of homocatechol (4-methylcatechol) on NGF synthesis was not completely inhibited by staurosporine, an inhibitor of PKC. The treatment of cells with homocatechol resulted in the translocation of PKC from cytosol to membrane-associated fractions, although the levels of the subcellular location of PKC were not correlated with the level of the induction of NGF gene expression. The concomitant administration of homocatechol (10(-4) M) and PMA (10(-8) - 10(-6) M) evoked a drastic and prolonged increase in the NGF mRNA level, and also markedly increased the amounts of NGF secreted by the cells (approximately 150-fold). This synergism was inhibited in part by staurosporine, but the level of increase in NGF mRNA and in NGF protein was rather greater than that of activation of PKC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)