gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maternal dietary conjugated linoleic acid is not directly toxic for the developing chick embryo, but causes embryo mortality by altering fatty acid composition of the egg yolk in the chicken (2009)

Abstract BACKGROUND: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was shown to cause embryo mortality when added into chicken diets. The objective of this study was to determine if CLA accumulation in yolk was directly responsible for embryo mortality. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty‐two 30‐week‐old hens were assigned to seven groups and fed a diet containing 5 g kg −1 canola oil (Group A), 5 g kg −1 CLA (Group B), 5 g kg −1 CLA plus 20 g kg −1 canola oil (Group C), 5 g kg −1 CLA plus 30 g kg −1 canola oil (Group D), 5 g kg −1 CLA plus 40 g kg −1 canola oil (Group E), 10 g kg −1 CLA plus 40 g kg −1 canola oil (Group F) or 20 g kg −1 CLA plus 40 g kg −1 canola oil (Group G) for 22 days. Collected eggs were held at 15 °C for 24 h, and then incubated. For fatty acid analysis, three eggs were collected on the 22 nd day of the study. RESULTS: After the sixth day, embryonic mortality was 100% in eggs from Group B versus 2, 30, 21, 4, 0, and 9% in groups A, C, D, E, F and G, respectively. The ratio of SFA/UFA of yolks from groups A, B, C, D, E, F and G was 0.64, 1.53, 1.07, 1.06, 1.08, 1.05 and 1.13, respectively. Relative levels (%) of CLA in the eggs from the groups A, B, C, D, E, F and G were 0.12, 2.29, 1.68, 1.80, 1.76, 3.04, and 5.25%, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study showed that CLA was not directly toxic for developing embryo, but caused mortality in the fertile eggs by increasing the ratio of SFA to UFA in egg yolk. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
High-Value Health Care — A Sustainable Proposition (2013)

Health care in the United States is at a crossroads. With health care costs representing an unsustainable 17.6% of our gross domestic product, creation of a new, higher-value health care system has never been a greater priority. Although the rate of increase in health care spending has moderated during the economic recession, some experts predict that it will rebound as the economy recovers.Thus, the need for higher value in health care is urgent. The goal of high-value health care is to produce the best health outcomes at the lowest cost, and this goal has recently created a new alliance. . . .
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase PDE1C1 in Human Cardiac Myocytes (2007)

Isoforms in the PDE1 family of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases were recently found to comprise a significant portion of the cGMP-inhibited cAMP hydrolytic activity in human hearts. We examined the expression of PDE1 isoforms in human myocardium, characterized their catalytic activity, and quantified their contribution to cAMP hydrolytic and cGMP hydrolytic activity in subcellular fractions of this tissue. Western blotting with isoform-selective anti-PDE1 monoclonal antibodies showed PDE1C1 to be the principal isoform expressed in human myocardium. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that PDE1C1 is distributed along the Z-lines and M-lines of cardiac myocytes in a striated pattern that differs from that of the other major dual-specificity cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in human myocardium, PDE3A. Most of the PDE1C1 activity was recovered in soluble fractions of human myocardium. It binds both cAMP and cGMP with K(m) values of approximately 1 microm and hydrolyzes both substrates with similar catalytic rates. PDE1C1 activity in subcellular fractions was quantified using a new PDE1-selective inhibitor, IC295. At substrate concentrations of 0.1 microm, PDE1C1 constitutes the great majority of cAMP hydrolytic and cGMP hydrolytic activity in soluble fractions and the majority of cGMP hydrolytic activity in microsomal fractions, whereas PDE3 constitutes the majority of cAMP hydrolytic activity in microsomal fractions. These results indicate that PDE1C1 is expressed at high levels in human cardiac myocytes with an intracellular distribution distinct from that of PDE3A and that it may have a role in the integration of cGMP-, cAMP- and Ca(2+)-mediated signaling in these cells.
SIGNAL DIAGNOSTICS ON TOURIST TRACKS: MINDU / MANAUS / AM MUNICIPAL PARK (2016)

The tracks date back a story as old as man, long before there roads, highways and roads complexes. The trails and later, roads, from early stages of civilization, incorporated the need to be signaled. This article discusses the importance of wayfinding on tracks of an environmental conservation unit, using as object of study the sign system on Mindu Municipal Park, a conservation unit created to protect a primate specie called Sauim-de-Coleira located in Manaus / Amazonas. A field research was conducted in the park trails on August 07, 14, 21 and 28, 2016, using photographic report and a qualitative analysis from park visitors reports in social networks was compiled. From field research, we discovered the shortcomings of touristic wayfinding of the Park. From social networks data, the dissatisfaction of visitors with current existing sign system was clear. Therefore, we proved the need for wayfinding redesign on park trails, so visitors can have access to more information, improving their perception of the Park, during touristic and educational activities or on a simple Sunday visit with the family.
Test-point insertion: scan paths through functional logic (1998)

Conventional scan design imposes considerable area and delay overheads. To establish a scan chain in the test mode, multiplexers at the inputs of flip-flops and scan wires are added to the actual design. We propose a low-overhead scan design methodology that employs a new test-point insertion technique. Unlike the conventional test-point insertion, where test points are used directly to increase the controllability and observability of the selected signals, the test points are used here to establish scan paths through the functional logic. The proposed technique reuses the functional logic for scan operations; as a result, the design-for-testability overhead on area or timing can be minimized. We show an algorithm that uses the new test-point insertion technique to reduce the area overhead for the full-scan design. We also discuss its application to the timing-driven partial-scan design.
An Introduction to X-Ray Crystallography (1997)

The first edition of Woolfson's An Introduction to X-ray Crystallography was published in 1970. It was a popular textbook for the senior undergraduate or graduate student beginning a serious study of x-ray crystallography. It was exactly what it claimed to be, a sound and uncompromising introduction for those intending to become professional crystallographers and those needing to use x-ray crystallography as a tool in their research. It covered the major aspects of the subject - the geometry of the crystalline state, the scattering of x-rays and their diffraction from a crystal, the factors affecting x-ray intensities and the determination and refinement of crystal structures. Fourier series and the Fourier transform were discussed clearly and comprehensively. The first edition went out of print in 1983 and the publication of the second edition is particularly welcome since the paperback version makes it relatively affordable. The present volume retains much of the material of its predecessor, including well thought out problems at the end of each chapter, together with their solutions. Brief new sections have been added on the solution of crystal structures by powder methods, synchrotron radiation sources and image plates. However, the discussion of experimental methods is brief and somewhat out of date, and the student will have to supplement the information from monographs. The bibliography is brief and contains mainly older texts which may no longer be available. The main value of the book is its clear treatment of the fundamentals of the subject. Surprisingly, the term `direct methods' is not in the index, although there is a good discussion of sign and phase relationships. An appendix contains the well-commented listings of the programs described and illustrated in the text. These files can be downloaded free of charge. This is a book which one will want to own rather than one for casual dipping into. As a comparison with the first edition shows, most of its content has dated much less than texts placing greater emphasis on experimental methods.
LACI: Low-effort Automatic Calibration of Infrastructure Sensors (2019)

Sensor calibration usually is a time consuming yet important task. While classical approaches are sensor-specific and often need calibration targets as well as a widely overlapping field of view (FOV), within this work, a cooperative intelligent vehicle is used as callibration target. The vehicle is detected in the sensor frame and then matched with the information received from the cooperative awareness messages send by the coperative intelligent vehicle. The presented algorithm is fully automated as well as sensor-independent, relying only on a very common set of assumptions. Due to the direct registration on the world frame, no overlapping FOV is necessary. The algorithm is evaluated through experiment for four laserscanners as well as one pair of stereo cameras showing a repetition error within the measurement uncertainty of the sensors. A plausibility check rules out systematic errors that might not have been covered by evaluating the repetition error.
Current and future applications of liquid biopsy in nonsmall cell lung cancer from early to advanced stages (2020)

Liquid biopsy refers to the analysis of any tumour-derived material circulating in the blood or any other body fluid. This concept is particularly relevant in lung cancer as the tumour is often difficult to reach and may need an invasive and potentially harmful procedure. Moreover, the multitude of anticancer drugs and their sequential use underline the importance of conducting an iterative assessment of tumour biology. Liquid biopsies can noninvasively detect any targetable genomic alteration and guide corresponding targeted therapy, in addition to monitoring response to treatment and exploring the genetic changes at resistance, overcoming spatial and temporal heterogeneity.In this article, we review the available data in the field, which suggest the potential of liquid biopsy in the area of lung cancer, with a particular focus on cell-free DNA and circulating tumour cells. We discuss their respective applications in patient selection and monitoring through targeted therapy, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The current data and future applications of liquid biopsy in the early stage setting are also investigated.Liquid biopsy has the potential to help manage nonsmall cell lung cancer throughout all stages of lung cancer: screening, minimal residual disease detection to guide adjuvant treatment, early detection of relapse, systemic treatment initiation and monitoring of response (targeted or immune therapy), and resistance genotyping.
Carotenoid Content of Thermally Processed Tomato-Based Food Products (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarotenoid Content of Thermally Processed Tomato-Based Food ProductsLinda H. Tonucci, Joanne M. Holden, Gary R. Beecher, Frederick Khachik, Carol S. Davis, and Generose MulokoziCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1995, 43, 3, 579–586Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00051a005https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00051a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1490Altmetric-Citations255LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Meeting Report: Using Ultra Short X-ray Pulses to Probe the Shocked State (2006)

A revolution in the technology available for the study of materials at high pressure and temperature is taking place. New accelerator sources of ultra-short pulses of X-rays will allow us to study the structure and dynamics of materials at shock-wave generated pressures and temperatures. This will both extend conventional diamond anvil-cell techniques to access higher temperatures and pressures with larger samples as well as open up entirely new diagnostics for dynamic compression. A one-day meeting was held at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California on December 3, 2005, to discuss these developments. More than 80 people from a wide range of backgrounds attended the meeting. The aim of the meeting was to review the general subject including the new sources of ultra short Xray pulses, shockwave techniques, experiments currently being done and the exciting new science that will be enabled.
Strontium Leaching Precedes SrIrO3 Dissolution by a Wide Potential Gap During Electrochemical Water Oxidation (2022)

Mechanistic studies of oxide electrocatalysts for heterogeneous water oxidation have been primarily focused on understanding the origins of activity, with fewer studies studying fundamental properties influencing stability. The main challenge is directly observing and quantifying local structural instability under operating conditions. In this work, we study the degradation pathways of SrIrO3, a highly active electrocatalyst, during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). This material serves as a model system for degradation studies of perovskite AMO3 oxides, exhibiting both A-cation leaching and transition metal (M) dissolution. Using operando electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM), we track the potential-dependent Sr leaching and perovskite dissolution at the nanometer scale. We observe Sr leaching preceding perovskite dissolution by up to 0.8 V with a Sr leaching rate controlled by electrolyte composition. Ultimately, our study demonstrates the overall stability of perovskite oxides during electrocatalysis can be substantially improved by suppressing A-site leaching.
Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Processes Using Gas Separation Membranes (2010)

Commercial applications of gas separation membranes have only in the past several decades begun to find general acceptance. Today commonly used industrial applications of gas separation membranes include the separation of nitrogen from air; carbon dioxide from methane; and hydrogen from nitrogen. Combining this background experience with more recent developments in pervaporation technology, Eco Bio Technologies (EBTec) has developed a commercially ready membrane technology that can capture greenhouse gas emissions from a wide range of sources, including power plants and industrial operations such as cement kilns, oil refineries, steel mills, and incinerators. The EBTec membrane system can capture more than 90% of the CO2 from a post-combustion exhaust gas and concentrate it for a range of carbon sequestration options including: algae growth, enhanced oil recovery, or geosequestration. The technology can be retrofitted to any plant infrastructure and is compact and simple to operate. EBTec's gas membrane technology has been used successfully for a number of carbon capture applications including, CO2 capture from a gas fired power station flue gas, CO2 capture from an ethanol plant off-gas, and CO2 removal for upgrading natural gas. The EBTec membrane technology provides a robust and flexible system suitable for a range of applications, as well as offering an economic solution to capturing and reducing greenhouse gas emissions to the environment.
Data-Driven Decisions for Reducing Readmissions for Heart Failure: General Methodology and Case Study (2014)

Classifiers learned automatically from patient data can be joined with decision analysis to guide the allocation of post-discharge support to CHF patients. Such analyses are especially valuable in the common situation where it is not economically feasible to provide programs to all patients.
Entropy and the timing capacity of discrete queues (2002)

Queueing systems which map Poisson input processes to Poisson output processes have been well-studied in classical queueing theory. This paper considers two discrete-time queues whose analogs in the continuous-time possess the Poisson-in-Poisson-out property. It is shown that when packets arriving according to an arbitrary ergodic stationary arrival process are passed through these queueing systems, the corresponding departure process has an entropy rate no less (some times strictly more) than the entropy rate of the arrival process. Some useful by-products are discrete-time versions of: (i) a proof of Burke's (1956) theorem; (ii) a proof of the uniqueness, amongst renewal inputs, of the Poisson process as a fixed point for exponential server queues; and (iii) connections with the timing capacity of queues.
Synthesis of peptidoglycan fragments and evaluation of their biological activity (2005)

The peptidoglycan (PG) bacterial cell wall glycoconjugate has been well known as a strong immunopotentiator. Partial structures of PG were chemically synthesized for elucidation of precise biological activities. Effective construction of distinct repeating glycans of PG was accomplished by the coupling of a key disaccharide glucosaminyl-beta(1-4)-muramic acid unit. Stereoselective glycosylation of disaccharide units was achieved by neighboring group participation of the N-Troc (Troc = 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl) group and appropriate reactivity of N-Troc-glucosaminyl trichloroacetimidate. By using an efficient synthetic strategy, mono-, di-, tetra- and octasaccharide fragments of PG were synthesized in high yields. The biological activity of synthetic fragments of PG was evaluated by induction of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) from human monocytes, and toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and Nod2 dependencies by using transfected HEK293 cells, respectively. Here we reveal that TLR2 was not stimulated by the series of synthetic PG partial structures, whereas Nod2 recognizes the partial structures containing the MDP moiety.
Can the risk for acute cardiac events in acute coronary syndrome be indicated by platelet membrane activation marker P-selectin? (1995)

High P-selectin values indicate activation of platelets and the risk of acute cardiac events in patients with acute coronary syndrome.
Fertilizability and chromosomal integrity of frozen-thawed Bryde's whale (Balaenoptera edeni) spermatozoa intracytoplasmically injected into mouse oocytes (2007)

Prior to attempting the in vitro production of embryos in the Bryde's whale (Balaenoputera edeni), we investigated whether spermatozoa can retain the capacity for oocyte activation and pronucleus formation as well as chromosomal integrity under cryopreservation by using intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) into mouse oocytes. Regardless of motility and viability, whale spermatozoa efficiently led to the activation of mouse oocytes (90.3-97.4%), and sperm nuclei successfully transformed into male pronucleus within activated ooplasm (87.2-93.6%). Chromosome analysis at the first cleavage metaphase (M) of the hybrid zygotes revealed that a majority (95.2%) of motile spermatozoa had the normal chromosome complement, while the percentage of chromosomal normality was significantly reduced to 63.5% in immotile spermatozoa and 50.0% in dead spermatozoa due to the increase in structural chromosome aberrations. This is the first report showing that motile Bryde's whale spermatozoa are competent to support embryonic development.
Self-assembling machine (2002)

The design of a machine which is composed of homogeneous mechanical units is described. We show the design of both hardware and control software of the unit. Each unit can connect with other units and change the connection by itself. In spite of its simple mechanism, a set of these units realizes various mechanical functions. We developed the control software of the unit which realizes "self-assembly," one of the basic functions of this machine. A set of these units can form a given shape of the whole system by themselves. The units exchange information about local geometric relation by communication, and cooperate to form the whole shape through a diffusion-like process. There is no upper level controller to supervise these units, and the software of each unit is completely the same. Three actual units have been built to test the basic movements, and the function of self-assembly has been verified by computer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Regional differences in APD restitution can initiate wavebreak and re-entry in cardiac tissue: A computational study (2005)

Regional differences in APD restitution are an arrhythmogenic substrate that can be concealed at normal heart rates. A premature stimulus produces regional differences in repolarisation, and a further premature stimulus can then result in wavebreak and initiate re-entry. This mechanism for initiating re-entry is independent of the steepness of the APD restitution curve.
The Minimally Invasive, Endoscopic Approach to Sinus Surgery (2003)

When anatomic abnormalities of the nose and sinuses contribute to sinusitis, and when medical therapy has failed, these anatomic or structural abnormalities can be surgically corrected. Examples of anatomic problems include nasal polyps, nasal septal deviations, and blockage of the osteomeatal complex--the "crossroads" of the sinuses. Endoscopic techniques allow sinus specialists to diagnose and treat these problems more easily than in the past, allowing them to be more proactive in the management of anatomic nasal abnormalities. In this article we review the minimally invasive, endoscopic approach to sinus surgery and discuss recent advances in sinus surgery. Specifically, we discuss the utility of powered instrumentation and image guidance in endoscopic sinus surgery.
Comparison of Morphology of Human Macular and Peripheral Bruch's Membrane in Older Eyes (2007)

Deposits in macular human Bruch's membrane (BrM) increase with age and have been postulated to be associated with age-related maculopathy. We used two ultrastructural methods to compare these deposits by electron microscopy in macular and peripheral BrM of eight eyes from donors 63-86 years of age. Quick-freeze/deep-etch (QFDE) was used to prepare replicas that showed the ultrastructure of deposits, and osmium-tannic acid-paraphenylenediamine (OTAP) was used to preserve small extracellular lipid particles. We found that an accumulation of lipoprotein-like particles (LLPs) occurred in the peripheral BrM just as it does in the macular region, but with perhaps a somewhat slower time course. The "lipid wall," reported in macular BrM, was also found occasionally in the peripheral regions. The same processes that lead to age-related accumulation of LLPs in macular BrM appear to also occur in the peripheral regions.
Extensive acute axonal damage in pediatric multiple sclerosis lesions (2015)

Our results provide evidence for more pronounced acute axonal damage in inflammatory demyelinating lesions from children compared to adults.