gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of point configuration on the accuracy in 3D reconstruction from biplane images (2005)

Two or more angiograms are being used frequently in medical imaging to reconstruct locations in three-dimensional (3D) space, e.g., for reconstruction of 3D vascular trees, implanted electrodes, or patient positioning. A number of techniques have been proposed for this task. In this simulation study, we investigate the effect of the shape of the configuration of the points in 3D (the "cloud" of points) on reconstruction errors for one of these techniques developed in our laboratory. Five types of configurations (a ball, an elongated ellipsoid (cigar), flattened ball (pancake), flattened cigar, and a flattened ball with a single distant point) are used in the evaluations. For each shape, 100 random configurations were generated, with point coordinates chosen from Gaussian distributions having a covariance matrix corresponding to the desired shape. The 3D data were projected into the image planes using a known imaging geometry. Gaussian distributed errors were introduced in the x and y coordinates of these projected points. Gaussian distributed errors were also introduced into the gantry information used to calculate the initial imaging geometry. The imaging geometries and 3D positions were iteratively refined using the enhanced-Metz-Fencil technique. The image data were also used to evaluate the feasible R-t solution volume. The 3D errors between the calculated and true positions were determined. The effects of the shape of the configuration, the number of points, the initial geometry error, and the input image error were evaluated. The results for the number of points, initial geometry error, and image error are in agreement with previously reported results, i.e., increasing the number of points and reducing initial geometry and/or image error, improves the accuracy of the reconstructed data. The shape of the 3D configuration of points also affects the error of reconstructed 3D configuration; specifically, errors decrease as the "volume" of the 3D configuration increases, as would be intuitively expected, and shapes with larger spread, such as spherical shapes, yield more accurate reconstructions. These results are in agreement with an analysis of the solution volume of feasible geometries and could be used to guide selection of points for reconstruction of 3D configurations from two views.
The Need for Centralised, Cross Platform Information Aggregation. (2006)

With the move towards global and multi-national companies, information technology infrastructure requirements are increasing. As the size of these computer networks increases, it becomes more and more difficult to monitor, control, and secure them. Network security involves the creation of large amounts of information in the form of logs and messages from a number of diverse devices, sensors, and gateways which are often spread over large geographical areas. This makes the monitoring and control difficult, and hence poses security problems. The aggregation of information is necessary in information audits, intrusion detection, network monitoring and management. The use of different platforms and devices complicates the problem, and makes aggregation more difficult. Network security administrators and security researchers require aggregation to simplify the analysis and comprehension of activity across the entire network. Centralised information aggregation will help deal with redundancy, analysis, monitoring and control. This aids the detection of wide spread attacks on global organisational networks, improving intrusion detection and mitigation. This paper discusses and motivates the need for centralised, cross platform information aggregation in greater detail. It also suggests methods which may be used, discusses the security issues, and gives the advantages and disadvantages of aggregation.
Kinetics, Tissue Specificity and Pathological Changes in Murine Rotavirus Infection of Mice (1986)

Mice that did not contain antibodies to rotavirus were orally infected with murine rotavirus (EDIM strain) and observed over 7 days. As judged by ELISA, only the small intestine was infected, not the colon. The infection was biphasic, viral antigen peaks being observed at 48 h and approximately 120 h post-infection. Clinically evident diarrhoea was maximal at 72 h. Virus in the upper, middle and lower regions of the small intestine was mainly tissue-associated; most virus was found in the middle small intestine. Two peaks (48 h and 120 h post-infection) of virus antigen were observed in the colon, but these corresponded to luminal, not tissue-associated viral antigen. Only enterocytes in the upper two-thirds of villus epithelia were infected as judged by fluorescent-antibody analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy revealed morphological appearances not hitherto correlated with the progress of the infection: villus tips were convoluted, corresponding to the shedding of virus-infected cells but the lower regions of infected villi were shrunken and considerably narrowed compared to tips.
EDUCATION AND CULTURE (2010)

As increased access to employment and educational opportunities brought dramatic changes to women's lives, sociologists began to look at the effect of women's changing roles on their children and families. Based on empirical investigations and personal experience, the studies included in The Sociology of Gender and the Family set of the International Library of Sociology set out to establish patterns and regularities in social behaviour, and to understand the social roles of kinship groups, mothers, wives, children and the elderly.
Loss of Control Prediction for Motorcycles during Emergency Braking Maneuvers Using a Supervised Learning Algorithm (2020)

The most common evasive maneuver among motorcycle riders and one of the most complicated to perform in emergency situations is braking. Because of the inherent instability of motorcycles, motorcycle crashes are frequently caused by loss of control performing braking as an evasive maneuver. Understanding the motion conditions that lead riders to start losing control is essential for defining countermeasures capable of minimizing the risk of this type of crashes. This paper provides predictive models to classify unsafe loss of control braking maneuvers on a straight line before becoming irreversibly unstable. We performed braking maneuver experiments in the field with motorcycle riders facing a simulated emergency scenario. The latter involved a mock-up intersection in which we generated conflict events between the motorcycle ridden by the participants and an oncoming car driven by trained research staff. The data collected comprises 165 braking trials (including 11 trials identified as loss of control) with 13 riders representing four categories of braking skill, ranging from beginner to expert. Three predictive models of loss of control events during braking trials, going from a basic model to a more advanced one, were defined using logistic regressions as supervised learning methods and using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve as a performance indicator. The predictor variables of the models were identified among the parameters of the vehicle kinematics. The best model predicted 100% of the loss of control and 100% of the full control cases. The basic and the more advanced supervised models were adapted for loss of control identification with time series data, and the results detecting in real-time the loss of control events showed excellent performance as well as with the supervised models. The study showed that expert riders may maintain stability under dynamic conditions that normally lead less skilled riders to a loss of control or falling events. The best decision thresholds of the most relevant kinematic parameters to predict loss of control have been defined. The thresholds of parameters that typically characterize the loss of control such as the yaw rate and front-wheel lock duration were dependent on the rider skill levels. The peak-to-root-mean-square ratio of roll acceleration was the most robust parameter for identifying loss of control among all skill levels.
Securing IPv6 neighbor and router discovery (2002)

When IPv6 Neighbor and Router Discovery functions were defined, it was assumed that the local link would consist of mutually trusting nodes. However, the recent developments in public wireless networks, such as WLANs, have radically changed the situation. The nodes on a local link cannot necessarily trust each other any more, but they must become mutually suspicious even when the nodes have completed an authentication exchange with the network. This creates a number of operational difficulties and new security threats. In this paper we provide a taxonomy for the IPv6 Neighbor and Router Discovery threats, describe two new cryptographic methods, Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA) and Address Based Keys (ABK), and discuss how these new methods can be used to secure the Neighbor and Router discovery mechanisms.
Peripheral Metabolism of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in the Guinea Pig (1964)

Journal Article Peripheral Metabolism of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine in the Guinea Pig Get access A. K. RAY, A. K. RAY 1Veterans Administration Hospital, Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, and the Department of Psychology, Washington University St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. N. PREMACHANDRA B. N. PREMACHANDRA 1Veterans Administration Hospital, Jefferson Barracks, St. Louis, Missouri, and the Department of Psychology, Washington University St. Louis, Missouri Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Endocrinology, Volume 74, Issue 5, 1 May 1964, Pages 800–802, https://doi.org/10.1210/endo-74-5-800 Published: 01 May 1964 Article history Received: 21 October 1963 Published: 01 May 1964
Benzodifurans. I. The synthesis of benzo[1,2‐b:5,4‐b]difuran and some methyl analogs (1969)

Abstract The first parent benzodifuran (XVI) and three di‐ and trimethylated derivatives have been synthesized and screened for erythemal activity (negative response). Two benzodifurans were prepared from resorcinol and 2‐methylresorcinol by acetylation, Fries rearrangement, alkylation of the resulting 4,6‐diacetylresorcinols with ethyl bromoacetate, saponification, and then cyclization of the (4,6‐diacetyl‐1,3‐phenylenedioxy)diacetic acids. Another was prepared from the Claisen rearrangement product of 1,3‐bis(allyloxy)‐2‐methylbenzene by acetylation, bromina‐tion, and cyclization. Ozonolysis of the Claisen rearrangement product gave additional support to the formulation of o ‐hydroxyphenylaeetaldehydes as cyclic hemiacetals. The parent benzodifuran was synthesized from 5‐formyI‐6‐hydroxybenzofuran, which was prepared in two steps from 5‐bromo‐6‐methoxybenzofuran. Alkylation of the former with ethyl bromoacetate, saponification, and cyclization furnished benzo[1,2‐ b .5,4‐ b ]difuran. The ultraviolet and nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the four benzodifurans are compared.
Development of High Nitrogen Steels at Böhler Edelstahl GmbH Kapfenberg (1999)

The installation of a new protective gas/pressure electroslag remelting plant at Bohler Edelstahl GmbH Kapfenberg (Austria) has offered new possibilities in the development of nitrogen alloyed steels. Based on experiences of conventional nitrogen alloyed steel grades further activities on alloy development with nitrogen contents above the solubility limit have been done at Bohler Edelstahl, concentrating on three main areas: martensitic corrosion resistant steels, duplex stainless steels and austenitic stainless steels. This paper presents the new protective gas / pressure electroslag remelting plant and its main advantages. Furthermore the current developments of high nitrogen alloyed steels conceived for the manufacture via this plant and the facilities at Bohler Edelstahl are presented as well as practical examples and the transfer to large scale production.
Light Scattering and Viscoelasticity in Aqueous Mixtures of Oppositely Charged and Hydrophobically Modified Polyelectrolytes (1999)

Rheological and intensity (ILS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) experiments were performed on semidilute aqueous mixtures of various compositions of oppositely charged and hydrophobically modified polyelectrolytes. The associative phase separation usually observed when mixing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes is restricted to a fairly narrow mixing region when the polymers are hydrophobically modified. Measurements were carried out at mixing ratios both before and after this two-phase area. The rheological properties in the vicinity of the two-phase region show that the elastic response dominates even at fairly low frequencies, indicating the existence of strong intermolecular interactions. The time correlation data obtained from the DLS experiments revealed the existence of two relaxation modes, one single exponential at short times followed by a stretched exponential at longer times. The fast mode is always diffusive, and the extracted hydrodynamic correlation length as well as the static one from ILS increases toward phase separation of the mixture. The slow relaxation time reveals that the dynamics slowed down in the vicinity of phase separation, and the angular dependence of the slow mode is stronger than that of the fast mode and increases gradually as the two-phase region is approached. These features that are attributed to enhanced hydrophobic associations can be rationalized in the framework of the coupling model of Ngai. The fractal dimension, determined from ILS, drops toward phase separation, and this trend suggests a more “open” network structure at this stage.
Radio Imaging Method (RIM) Used to Map Coal Seam Thickness Within Developed Longwall Panels: ABSTRACT (1984)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Burst cycle data compression schemes for pre-fuse wafer-level test in large scale high-speed embedded DRAM (2004)

This paper describes two novel data compression schemes suitable for high density and high speed embedded DRAMs. The parallel compression serial readout scheme reduces bit-scan test times to one eighth. The parallel compression multiplexed readout scheme realizes high frequency at-speed tests even with low cost testers. Both can be used for pre-fuse wafer tests requiring redundancy calculations. The new schemes have been implemented in a test chip with a 65nm technology and verified.
Studies on the syntheses of heterocyclic compounds. DCXXVI. A modified synthesis of pentazocine. (1975)

Pentazocine (1) was synthesized from L-tyrosine (2). N-Benzylation of methyl ester (3), obtained from L-tyrosine, followed by Schotten-Baumann reaction of the amine (4), gave the amide (5). Dieckmann reaction of 5 gave the racemic β-ketoester (6), whose methylation followed by decarboxylation afforded the ketoamide (8). Grignard reaction gave the carbinol (9), which was cyclized with hydrobromic acid to afford the amide (10) in good yield. Reduction of 10 with sodium bis-(2-methoxyethoxy) aluminum hydride or lithium aluminum hydride gave the amine (11), which had already been converted into pentazocine.
5‐Hydroxymethyl‐, 5‐Formyl‐ and 5‐Carboxydeoxycytidines as Oxidative Lesions and Epigenetic Marks (2021)

The four non-canonical nucleotides in the human genome 5-methyl-, 5-hydroxymethyl-, 5-formyl- and 5-carboxydeoxycytidine (mdC, hmdC, fdC and cadC) form a second layer of epigenetic information that contributes to the regulation of gene expression. Formation of the oxidized nucleotides hmdC, fdC and cadC requires oxidation of mdC by ten-eleven translocation (Tet) enzymes that require oxygen, Fe(II) and α-ketoglutarate as cosubstrates. Although these oxidized forms of mdC are widespread in mammalian genomes, experimental evidence for their presence in fungi and plants is ambiguous. This vagueness is caused by the fact that these oxidized mdC derivatives are also formed as oxidative lesions, resulting in unclear basal levels that are likely to have no epigenetic function. Here, we report the xdC levels in the fungus Amanita muscaria in comparison to murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs), HEK cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), to obtain information about the basal levels of hmdC, fdC and cadC as DNA lesions in the genome.
DNA Methylation and Genetic Aberrations in Gastric Cancer (2020)

Comprehensive DNA methylation analyses revealed multiple DNA methylation patterns in GCs and classified GC into distinct molecular subgroups: extremely high-methylation epigenotype uniquely observed in GC associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), high-methylation epigenotype associated with microsatellite instability (MSI), and low-methylation epigenotype. In The Cancer Genome Atlas classification, EBV and MSI are extracted as independent subgroups of GC, whereas the remaining GCs are categorized into genomically stable (GS) and chromosomal instability (CIN) subgroups. EBV-positive GC, exhibiting the most extreme DNA hypermethylation in the whole human malignancies, frequently shows CDKN2A silencing, PIK3CA mutations, PD-L1/2 overexpression, and lack of TP53 mutations. MSI, exhibiting high DNA methylation, often has MLH1 silencing and abundant gene mutations. GS is generally a diffuse-type GC and frequently shows CDH1/RHOA mutations or CLDN18-ARHGAP fusion. CIN is generally an intestinal-type GC and frequently has TP53 mutations and genomic amplification of receptor tyrosine kinases. Key Messages: The frequency and targets of genetic aberrations vary depending on the epigenotype. Aberrations in the genome and epigenome are expected to synergistically interact and contribute to gastric carcinogenesis and comprehensive analyses of those in GCs may help elucidate the mechanism of carcinogenesis.
Cloning and Expression of cDNA Encoding Protein Synthesis Elongation Factor-2 Kinase (1996)

A cDNA from rat skeletal muscle encoding calcium/calmodulin-dependent eukaryotic elongation factor-2 kinase (eEF-2K) has been cloned and sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of the protein has been deduced. The kinase is composed of 724 amino acids and has a predicted molecular mass of 81,499 Da. The cDNA was judged to be full-length, as the protein, expressed in rabbit reticulocyte lysate or wheat germ extract, migrated upon SDS-PAGE with the same apparent molecular weight as the purified kinase and possessed eEF-2K activity. eEF-2K contains all of the 12 catalytic subdomains present in the majority of protein kinases, but they are atypical and display only limited homology with other kinases. A putative calmodulin-binding domain is present C-terminal to the catalytic domain as is a putative pseudosubstrate sequence. Two antipeptide antibodies raised against sequences derived from a partial rabbit cDNA clone, cross-reacted with purified eEF-2K, and one also immunoprecipitated eEF-2K activity from cell extracts. Northern blot analysis demonstrated that eEF-2K mRNA is expressed in a number of different tissues and that it may exist in multiple forms.
Establishment of a CD45-positive immature plasma cell line from an aggressive multiple myeloma with high serum lactate dehydrogenase. (1994)

A myeloma cell line (KHM-11) was established from the pleural effusion of a patient with IgA-kappa type aggressive myeloma with high serum lactate dehydrogenase who was extremely resistant to vincristin, adriamycin and dexamethasone combination therapy (VAD). The morphology of fresh tumor cells and KHM-11 was plasmablast according to Greipp's criteria. In addition to the expression of regular plasma cell antigens, CD38 and PCA-1, CD45 was found on both fresh cells and KHM-11. Other T- or B-cells antigens, such as CD2, 4, 8, 19, and 20 were negative. Cytoplasmic immunoglobulin kappa light chain in KHM-11 was found by flowcytometry. Southern blot analysis revealed that fresh sample and KHM-11 shared the same immunoglobulin gene rearrangement. IL-6 was found in the culture supernatant of KHM-11, and this supernatant stimulated the growth of this cell line, indicating an IL-6 autocrine mechanism. These findings indicate that KHM-11 is a CD45-positive immature plasma cell line. As far as we know, there is no report of CD45-positive myeloma cell line. KHM-11 should be a useful tool for understanding not only the pathogenesis of aggressive multiple myeloma with high LDH but also for understanding the mechanism which underlies the terminal differentiation of B-cells.
Revisiting La0.5Sr1.5MnO4lattice distortion and charge ordering with multi-beam resonant diffraction (2016)

Sinusoidal wave type distortions of La<sub>0.5</sub>Sr<sub>1.5</sub>MnO<sub>4</sub> in the low-temperature orthorhombic phase were observed using multi-beam resonant X-ray diffraction (MRXD) with (7/4 7/4 0) fractional primary diffraction. Two four-beam diffractions with opposite asymmetry were measured at 6.5545 keV and compared with the curves simulated by the dynamical X-ray diffraction theory. This approach provides the possibility of resolving the distortion modes which are perpendicular to the momentum transfer by a single azimuthal scan. The paper also demonstrates the sensitivity of MRXD profiles versus incident X-ray energy in the vicinity of the Mn K edge to the charge disproportion between the two manganese sites, reconfirming the small charge disproportion feature.
Staying Up to Date with Changes in IT (2009)

Information and communications technology (ICT) has been changing rapidly over a long period and this rate of change is likely to continue or increase (Benamati &amp; Lederer, 2001a; Lee &amp; Xia, 2005). This rapid rate of change has produced many opportunities for organizations, but has also brought with it many challenges (Benamati &amp; Lederer, 2001b). Among these challenges is the struggle for organizations to obtain personnel with the appropriate information technology (IT) knowledge and skills in order to meet their ICT needs (Byrd &amp; Turner, 2001; Doke, 1999; Standbridge &amp; Autrey, 2001). This is mirrored by the continual requirement for IT professionals to keep up to date with the skills required by organizations (Benamati et al., 2001a; Klobas &amp; McGill, 1993; Moore, 2000). Previous research has investigated the importance employers place on various skills and perceived deficiencies in these skills (e.g., Doke, 1999; Leitheiser, 1992; Nelson, 1991; Prabhakar, Litecky, &amp; Arnett, 2005). While the call for improved communication and social skills has been consistent, the technical skills in demand have varied dramatically over time (Prabhakar et al., 2005; Van Slyke, Kittner, &amp; Cheney, 1998). Less has been written about students’ perceptions of the importance of various ICT skills, though this was addressed in a study that compared Australian and American students’ perceptions of ICT job skills (von Hellens, Van Slyke, &amp; Kittner, 2000). This article provides an overview of a project that investigated the channels of information that ICT students use to keep up to date with employers’ needs.