gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CRREL 2-Inch Frazil Ice Sampler. (1982)

Frazil ice Sampler 20.ABSTRACT ("Catrtfotj* am rmvermm fi* ft nacaaary and Identity by block number)The CRREL 2-inch frazil ice sampler is a tubular device for obtaining undisturbed samples of frazil ice from beneath a floating ice cover.It fits through a 2 1/2-in.-diameterhole drilled in the ice.A liquid-tight seal at the bottom of the sampler prevents the loss of frazil ice and/or water from the tube while the unit is being raised.)D , jam"73 M73 EDTlON OF 1MOV 65 IS OBSOLETE
Contextual regularity and complexity of neuronal activity: From stand‐alone cultures to task‐performing animals (2004)

Abstract Precursors of the superior information processing capabilities of our cortex can most probably be traced back to simple invertebrate systems. Using a unique set of newly developed neuronal preparations and state‐of‐the‐art analysis tools, we show that insect neurons have the ability to self‐regulate the information capacity of their electrical activity. We characterize the activity of a distinct population of neurons under progressive levels of structural and functional constraints: self‐formed networks of neuron clusters in vitro ; isolated ex vivo ganglions; in vivo task‐free, and in vivo task‐forced neuronal activity in the intact animal. We show common motifs and identify trends of increasing self‐regulated complexity. This important principle may have played a key role in the gradual transition from simple neuronal motor control to complex information processing. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity 9: 25–32, 2004
The Metabolism of Phenolic Opiates by Rat Intestine (1977)

1. A range of phenolic opiate agonists and antagonists undergo conjugation during passage across the rat intestine. 2. The efficiency of conjugation, mediated by gut UDP-glucoronyltransferase, is a function of the lipophilicity of the substrate. 3. Conjugation of lipophilic substrates such as buprenorphine and etorphine in rat intestinal mucosa is such that the gut wall must be regarded as the primary site of metabolism of these compounds after oral administration. 4. N-Dealkylation of the N-cyclopropylmethyl opiate, buprenorphine, has been demonstrated in rat gut sacs though dealkylation of N-methyl substrates was not detected.
Trisomy 21 and Risk of Retinopathy of Prematurity (2015)

Trisomy 21 significantly decreases the odds for ROP in very low BW infant survivors. This study unmasks a potentially identifiable genetic component to ROP risk, paving the way for the development of a laboratory-based ROP screening tool.
Automatedin situdiffraction screening at beamline X06DA at the Swiss Light Source (2011)

C279 even greater frame rates if hardware binning is used.
Risk Factors for Asthma-Related Healthcare Use: Longitudinal Analysis Using the NHI Claims Database in a Korean Asthma Cohort (2014)

We found that old age, being female, long-standing asthma, a low FEV1%, asthma brittleness, asthma drug compliance, and a history of asthma exacerbation were independent risk factors for increased asthma-related healthcare use in Korea.
A Study on Competence Sets Expansion Facing on Engineering Management Decision (2012)

Engineering management decision making is a complicated system problem whose traits are multiple persons and multiple objective. There are much uncertain influence factors during its decision making process which requires decision-makers and participants expanding their competence set. Competence set expansion refers to decision-makers and participants to make decision of expanding from the obtained competence set to the required one of resolving problem on a particular issue in a limited time. This paper establishes the multiple persons and multiple objective competences set expansion model combining with the traits of engineering management decision making, it can lay a necessary theoretical foundation of research on engineering management decision making and analysis problem. Key words: Decision model; Multi-person and multi-objective; Competence set expansion
Advances in Molecular Imaging with Ultrasound (2020)

Ultrasound imaging has long demonstrated utility in the study and measurement of anatomic features and noninvasive observation of blood flow. Within the last decade, advances in molecular biology and contrast agents have allowed researchers to use ultrasound to detect changes in the expression of molecular markers on the vascular endothelium and other intravascular targets. This new technology, referred to as ultrasonic molecular imaging, is still in its infancy. However, in preclinical studies, ultrasonic molecular imaging has shown promise in assessing angiogenesis, inflammation, and thrombus. In this review, we discuss recent advances in microbubble-type contrast agent development, ultrasound technology, and signal processing strategies that have the potential to substantially improve the capabilities and utility of ultrasonic molecular imaging.
Synthesis and Central Dopaminergic Effects of N-(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)benzamides (1985)

N-(4,6-Dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)benzamides 1-24 and the corresponding tertiary derivatives 29-33 were synthesized and studied for possible dopamine-inhibitory properties by testing their effect on motility of naive and reserpinized mice. Unlike the orthopramides, they failed to show any antidopaminergic properties, but some of the secondary derivatives showed instead effects of postsynaptic dopaminergic agonism. The latter compounds were subsequently studied for their effects on apomorphine reversal of reserpine-induced akinesia and on cerebral HVA levels in rats. Contraversive circling induced by compound 11 in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned mice suggests that a direct mechanism was involved.
FDA, CLIA, or a "Reasonable Combination of Both": Toward Increased Regulatory Oversight of Genetic Testing (2006)

This Article examines the current regulatory scheme for genetic testing and calls for a unification of the testing standards. It advocates consolidating the standards under a single governmental agency, FDA, in order to ameliorate the potential for immediate and future harm to patients and their families. In order to be effective, future regulations must apply to all providers of genetic testing and create meaningful, reasonable criteria for testing processes and outcomes.
Estimating rates of rare events with multiple hierarchies through scalable log-linear models (2010)

We consider the problem of estimating rates of rare events for high dimensional, multivariate categorical data where several dimensions are hierarchical. Such problems are routine in several data mining applications including computational advertising, our main focus in this paper. We propose LMMH, a novel log-linear modeling method that scales to massive data applications with billions of training records and several million potential predictors in a map-reduce framework. Our method exploits correlations in aggregates observed at multiple resolutions when working with multiple hierarchies; stable estimates at coarser resolution provide informative prior information to improve estimates at finer resolutions. Other than prediction accuracy and scalability, our method has an inbuilt variable screening procedure based on a "spike and slab prior" that provides parsimony by removing non-informative predictors without hurting predictive accuracy. We perform large scale experiments on data from real computational advertising applications and illustrate our approach on datasets with several billion records and hundreds of millions of predictors. Extensive comparisons with other benchmark methods show significant improvements in prediction accuracy.
Anisotropy in Permalloy Films (1959)

Evaporated films of Permalloy are found to be uniaxially anisotropic under all the conditions of preparation studied so far, including deposition in dc, zero, and rotating-circular magnetic fields. Three principal effects have been identified as contributing to this anisotropy, namely; (1) the formation of directed Fe pairs in the Ni matrix, (2) an effect due to the angle-of-incidence between the substrate and the depositing beam, and (3) anisotropic stress in combination with the isotropic magnetostriction. The evidence for directed pairs comes from the compositional dependence of the anisotropy; the angle-of-incidence effect is demonstrated by depositing onto tilted substrates; anisotropic stress effects are shown by detaching the film from the substrate. The simultaneous presence and interaction of the above effects is thought to be the reason for the variability in the anisotropy which is encountered in Permalloy films.
Efficient approximation of the Struve functions H n occurring in the calculation of sound radiation quantities (2016)

The Struve functions H<sub>n</sub>(z), n=0, 1, ... are approximated in a simple, accurate form that is valid for all z≥0. The authors previously treated the case n = 1 that arises in impedance calculations for the rigid-piston circular radiator mounted in an infinite planar baffle [Aarts and Janssen, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 113, 2635-2637 (2003)]. The more general Struve functions occur when other acoustical quantities and/or non-rigid pistons are considered. The key step in the paper just cited is to express H<sub>1</sub>(z) as (2/π)-J<sub>0</sub>(z)+(2/π) I(z), where J<sub>0</sub> is the Bessel function of order zero and the first kind and I(z) is the Fourier cosine transform of [(1-t)/(1+t)]<sup>1/2</sup>, 0≤t≤1. The square-root function is optimally approximated by a linear function ĉt+d̂, 0≤t≤1, and the resulting approximated Fourier integral is readily computed explicitly in terms of sin z/z and (1-cos z)/z<sup>2</sup>. The same approach has been used by Maurel, Pagneux, Barra, and Lund [Phys. Rev. B 75, 224112 (2007)] to approximate H<sub>0</sub>(z) for all z≥0. In the present paper, the square-root function is optimally approximated by a piecewise linear function consisting of two linear functions supported by [0,t̂<sub>0</sub>] and [t̂<sub>0</sub>,1] with t̂<sub>0</sub> the optimal take-over point. It is shown that the optimal two-piece linear function is actually continuous at the take-over point, causing a reduction of the additional complexity in the resulting approximations of H<sub>0</sub> and H<sub>1</sub>. Furthermore, this allows analytic computation of the optimal two-piece linear function. By using the two-piece instead of the one-piece linear approximation, the root mean square approximation error is reduced by roughly a factor of 3 while the maximum approximation error is reduced by a factor of 4.5 for H<sub>0</sub> and of 2.6 for H<sub>1</sub>. Recursion relations satisfied by Struve functions, initialized with the approximations of H<sub>0</sub> and H<sub>1</sub>, yield approximations for higher order Struve functions.
Vicenistatin, a novel 20-membered macrocyclic lactam antitumor antibiotic. (1993)

A new antitumor antibiotic vicenistatin was isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. HC34. The structure of vicenistatin was elucidated by NMR spectral analysis. Vicenistatin exhibited antitumor activity against human colon carcinoma Co-3 in the xenograft model.
Hysteresis in bending electrostriction of polyurethane films (2000)

This report presents the mechanism and unique features of hysteresis in bending electrostriction of polyurethane films. The films were made of segmented polyester–polyurethanes and coated with a thin gold electrode on both surfaces. The application of a 2-MV/m electric field to the 0.2-mm-thick film caused a bending deformation, which showed hysteresis. The hysteresis was closely related to the absorption current, suggesting that its origin is ionic polarization attributed to ionic impurities in the polyurethane. The existence of ionic polarization after the removal of the electric field was shown by measuring a thermally stimulated discharge current. In addition, a couple of unique features of the hysteresis in the bending deformation are described. One of the features is that the prior application of an electric field significantly improves the bending speed in the successive application. The other is that the prior application also controls the bending direction in the subsequent application of an electric field of opposite polarity. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 1121–1126, 2001
Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin (2000)

A large body of evidence supports the hypothesis that mesolimbic dopamine (DA) mediates, in animal models, the reinforcing effects of central nervous system stimulants such as cocaine and amphetamine. The role DA plays in mediating amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans remains to be established. Both amphetamine and cocaine increase norepinephrine (NE) via stimulation of release and inhibition of reuptake, respectively. If increases in NE mediate amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans, then one would predict that stimulant medications that produce amphetamine-type subjective effects in humans should share the ability to increase NE. To test this hypothesis, we determined, using in vitro methods, the neurochemical mechanism of action of amphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), (+)-methamphetamine, ephedrine, phentermine, and aminorex. As expected, their rank order of potency for DA release was similar to their rank order of potency in published self-administration studies. Interestingly, the results demonstrated that the most potent effect of these stimulants is to release NE. Importantly, the oral dose of these stimulants, which produce amphetamine-type subjective effects in humans, correlated with the their potency in releasing NE, not DA, and did not decrease plasma prolactin, an effect mediated by DA release. These results suggest that NE may contribute to the amphetamine-type subjective effects of stimulants in humans.
Seismoelectric wave propagation modeling for typical laboratory configurations: A numerical validation (2014)

Summary The seismoelectric effect can be of importance for hydrocarbon exploration as it is complementary to conventional seismics. Besides enabling seismic resolution and electromagnetic sensitivity at the same time, the seismoelectric method can also provide us with additional, high-value information like porosity and permeability. However, very little is still understood of this complex physical phenomenon. Therefore, it is crucial to be able to perform numerical modeling experiments to carefully investigate the effect and the parameters that play a role. Over the last couple of years, several seismoelectric laboratory experiments have been carried out in an attempt to validate the underlying theory of the phenomenon and to better understand this complex physical phenomenon. We have recently extended our analytically based, numerical seismoelectric modeling code ’ESSEMOD’ to be able to model seismoelectric wave propagation in arbitrarily layered Earth geometries with fluid / porous medium / (fluid) interfaces. In this way, we are capable of effectively simulating full seismoelectric wave propagation, i. e. all existing seismoelectric and electroseismic source-receiver combinations, in typical laboratory configurations. We present the underlying theory that is required for the extension towards arbitrary fluid / porous medium / (fluid) geometries and an effective way to incorporate this in a general seismoelectric layered Earth modeling code. We then validate the underlying global reflection scheme by comparing it with an independently developed layered Earth modeling code for purely electromagnetic fields. The results show a perfect match in both amplitude and phase, indicating that ESSEMOD is correctly modeling the electromagnetic parts of the seismo-electric wave propagation in horizontally layered media with fluid / porous medium / fluid transitions. We finalize with a seismoelectric reciprocal modeling experiment, proving that also the full seismoelectric wave propagation through fluid / porous medium transitions is modeled consistently.
A Comparison of the Pigmenting Value of Alfalfa Meals Differing in Protein and Xanthophyll Content (1966)

IN RECENT YEARS, many new materials for use in imparting pigment to egg yolks and poultry meat have been developed. However, dehydrated alfalfa meal remains the primary source of supplemental xanthophyll for poultry diets (Sullivan, 1964). The low energy level of alfalfa meal limits its use when high pigment levels are desired, giving impetus towards the development of chemical pigmenters such as beta-apo-8′-carotenal. A possible way to eliminate the problems associated with the low energy level of the alfalfa meal would be to produce meals that contain higher levels of xanthophylls, thus reducing the total amount of the alfalfa meal required. The purpose of the experiment reported herein was to determine the availability or efficiency of transfer of pigments to the egg yolk from alfalfa meals varying in protein and xanthophyll content. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four samples of alfalfa,3 analyzed to contain 15, 17, 20, and 22 percent protein and …
Differentially Enhanced Insect Resistance, at a Cost, in Arabidopsis thaliana Constitutively Expressing a Transcription Factor of Defensive Metabolites (2004)

A transgenic line of Arabidopsis thaliana constitutively expressing a conserved MYB transcription factor of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis resulting in solid-purple leaves had significantly increased resistance to leaf feeding by first instar fall armyworms (Spodoptera frugiperda), but no enhanced resistance to cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni) larvae, when compared to wild type plants. However, inflorescence and silique (seed pod) production were significantly reduced by 22 and 52%, respectively, in the transgenic line compared to wild type plants. Reduction in feeding by S. frugiperda was significantly positively correlated with reduction in weights of survivors, but both were negatively correlated with the concentration of anthocyanins. These results indicate that a single gene regulator can activate a defensive pathway sufficient to produce increased resistance to insects but that this activation confers a cost in plant productivity.
P‐110: Multi Refractive Collimation Film(MRF) for NBPC BLU System (2008)

Abstract Nowadays, NBPC BLU was requested High Luminance and low power consumption. So, we have studied a new conceptual enhanced light performance film consists of multi high‐refractive materials and functional layers. Using an optical simulation tool, We deduced an new idea and optimized optical design. We have developed the enhanced luminance film according to the optical conditions. When compared to conventional BLU system, Luminance was increased about 110% in 15.4inch NBPC BLU and stabilized for mechanical design. The result showed that new conceptual film realized technical improvement in NBPC BLU system.
Confocal microscopy in turbid media (1994)

We examine the performance of confocal microscopes designed for probing structures embedded in turbid media. A heuristic scheme is described that combines a numerical Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport in a turbid medium with a geometrical ray trace through the confocal optics. To show the effects of multiple scattering on depth discrimination, we compare results from the Monte Carlo simulations and scalar diffraction theory. Experimental results showing the effects of the pinhole diameter and other variables on imaging performance at various optical depths in suspensions of polystyrene microspheres were found to correspond well with the Monte Carlo simulations. The major conclusion of the paper is that the trade-off between signal level and background scattered-light rejection places a fundamental limit on the sectioning capability of the microscope.
Segmental tibial fracture with physeal and diaphyseal fracture causing popliteal artery and common peroneal nerve injury in a 12-year-old child: A rare case with a unique injury mechanism (2020)

Proximal tibial physeal injuries with neurovascular injuries are rare. Here, we report the case of a 12-year-old boy with a rare fracture pattern that is segmental tibia fracture with physeal and diaphyseal fracture with popliteal artery and common peroneal nerve injury, which has never been reported earlier to the best of our knowledge. We also discuss the possible mechanism of injury and also describe the surgical decision-making and highlight the importance of prompt identification and early management of such patients for a good clinical outcome.
Technology-Aware Algorithm Design for Neural Spike Detection, Feature Extraction, and Dimensionality Reduction (2010)

Applications such as brain-machine interfaces require hardware spike sorting in order to 1) obtain single-unit activity and 2) perform data reduction for wireless data transmission. Such systems must be low-power, low-area, high-accuracy, automatic, and able to operate in real time. Several detection, feature-extraction, and dimensionality-reduction algorithms for spike sorting are described and evaluated in terms of accuracy versus complexity. The nonlinear energy operator is chosen as the optimal spike-detection algorithm, being most robust over noise and relatively simple. Discrete derivatives is chosen as the optimal feature-extraction method, maintaining high accuracy across signal-to-noise ratios with a complexity orders of magnitude less than that of traditional methods such as principal-component analysis. We introduce the maximum-difference algorithm, which is shown to be the best dimensionality-reduction method for hardware spike sorting.
Genome‐wide detection of ultralow‐frequency substitution mutations in cultures of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells and Caenorhabditis elegans worms by PacBio sequencing (2022)

Abstract Many conventional genetic toxicology assays require specialized cell cultures or animals and can only detect mutations that inactivate the function of a reporter gene. These limitations make such assays incompatible with many toxicological models but could be overcome by the development of techniques capable of directly detecting genome‐wide somatic mutations through DNA sequencing. PacBio sequencing can generate almost error‐free consensus reads by repeatedly inspecting both DNA strands from circularized molecules (a method known as PacBio HiFi). In this study, we show that PacBio HiFi can detect genome‐wide ultralow‐frequency substitution mutations in cultures of mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells and Caenorhabditis elegans worms. The mutation frequencies (MFs) of unexposed samples in both models were ~1 × 10 −7 mutations per base pair. Compared to these controls, PacBio HiFi detected MF increases of 23‐fold in cultures of L5178Y cells exposed to 5 mM ethyl methanosulfonate (EMS) for 4 h, and 5‐, 12‐, and 29‐fold in cultures of C. elegans worms exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50 mM EMS for 4 h, respectively. In both models, the mutation spectra of controls were diverse, while those derived from EMS‐exposed samples were dominated by C:G → T:A transitions. To validate these results, clone sequencing analyses were performed on the same cultures of L5178Y cells. The results obtained by clone sequencing and PacBio HiFi were almost identical. Our results suggest that PacBio sequencing could be used for the detection, quantitation, and characterization of mutations in any DNA‐containing sample, including those that are not compatible with conventional mutation detection approaches.