gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A trefoil knot coordinated to two lithium ions: synthesis and structure (1999)

The very tight dicopper(I) trefoil knot that contains 1,3-phenylene spacers between the 1,10-phenanthroline subunits could be fully demetallated under drastic conditions (large excess of KCN in refluxing acetonitrile), affording thus the disentangled knotted ligand in almost quantitative yield. This free molecular knot appeared very prompt to protonate or to bind to various ions in order to regenerate the stable “entwined’' conformation. Lithium in particular appeared to be ideal for occupying the tight empty coordinating sites of knot (K-84)p. A new dilithium complex could be obtained almost quantitatively; its surprising stability allowed the determination of its molecular structure both by 1H NMR and X-ray diffraction along with that also determined for its dicopper(I) precursor. Un noeud de trèfle coordine′ à deux ions lithium: synthèse et structure. La de′me′tallation totale du noeud mole′culaire très compact dont les phe′nanthrolines sont ponte′es par des groupes m-phe′nylène peut se faire dans des conditions dures (large excès de KCN dans l'ace′tonitrile à reflux) donnant accès, de manière quasi quantitative, au ligand libre (K-84)p. Ce dernier se caracte′rise par sa forte tendance à se protoner ou à se coordiner à diffe′rents cations de manière à retrouver sa conformation la plus stable. Le lithium en particulier est apparu comme e′tant parfaitement adapte′ pour remplir les sites de coordination vaccant du noeud (K-84)p. Cette affinite′ exceptionnelle a permis d'obtenir de manière quantitative un nouveau complexe dilithium. Grâce à sa surprenante stabilite′ il a e′te′ possible de de′terminer sa structure mole′culaire par RMN, spectrome′trie de masse et diffraction de rayons X.
Joint Discovery in Synchronous Wireless Networks (2011)

Given a synchronous wireless network with N nodes uniformly located at random on a finite plane, we consider the problem of distributed peer discovery: all nodes want to discover as many other nodes as possible. We assume that there are a total of K physical resources dedicated for the discovery purpose. Each node can pick one resource to transmit its node identifier on, and can receive on the remaining K-1 resources. We assume that node identifiers are broadcast via coded transmission on one single physical resource. This paper addresses link level strategies to increase the average number of discovered devices when N ≅ aK, where a is the degree of density of the network. A classical strategy of discovering one node per resource would lead to a maximum of K-1 nodes being discovered. We focus on a multiple-access channel (MAC) scernario where multiple interferer users are jointly decoded. We propose a scheme to improve the performance. The method, based on iterative belief propagation on factor graph, is called joint iterative decoding (JID). It is shown, through system simulations, that JID may gain by significantly more than 100% over the classical single-user decoding, and by 20-25% over the successive interference cancellation (SIC).
The point force response of sandwich panels and its application to impact problems (1996)

The point force response of polymer matrix composite (PMC) sandwich panels is simulated analytically. Direct formulations based on Fourier series expansions usually have a slow convergence rate because the core dent zone is typically only a few square inches, which is two to three orders smaller than the panel size. To enhance the convergence rate, the loading system is divided into symmetrical and anti-symmetrical modes. The anti-symmetrical mode simulates panel bending deflection, including the effects of core shear and flatwise stiffness. The symmetrical mode simulates the core dent. The purpose of this derivation is to simulate impact response. Preliminary success has been achieved in correlating the measured responses of impact tests. Results are also verified for simplified cases such as panels with isotropic facesheets. The model can easily extract the elastic strain energy contribution from the overall impact energy, which is quite essential to distinguish the difference between panel and coupon level impact response. Approximate formulae for the shape of the core dent zone are also proposed and compared with simulation. It is also reasoned that the model can be used to estimate the maximum core crush zone when a severe point impact does not result in an extensive core shear rupture zone. Dij = bending stiffness of the top facesheet Dave= see eq(22b) Df = for isotropic facesheet DQ= see eq(24) Ds= bending stiffness of a sandwich panel Eeiastic = elastic strain energy, see eqs(3,4) EZZ = flatwise modulus of core GXZ & Gyz = shear moduli of core Ka = contact stiffness of anti-symmetrical mode Ks = contact stiffness of symmetrical mode KSoo= calculated by an infinite plate model Ksf = calculated by a finite plate model P = magnitude of a point force P = 2Ezz/tc 5= deflection under an indentor 5total = total deflection 8a= related to anti-symmetrical mode 8s=related to symmetrical mode A, = characteristic length, see eq(9). °xz & yz = core shear stresses
Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin System Mediates the Effects of Dietary Salt Intake on Atherogenesis in the Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mouse (2012)

Dietary salt intake is a major determinant of the activation state of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Given the important role of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in plaque accumulation, we investigated its role in the development of atherogenesis associated with sodium intake in apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Six-weeks of a low-salt diet (containing 0.03% sodium) resulted in a 4-fold increase in plaque accumulation in apolipoprotein E knockout mice when compared with mice receiving normal chow (containing 0.30% sodium). This was associated with activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, increased vascular expression of adhesion molecules and inflammatory cytokines, and increased adhesion of labeled leukocytes across the whole aorta on a dynamic flow assay. These changes were blocked with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindopril (2 mg/kg per day). A high-salt diet (containing 3% sodium) attenuated vascular inflammation and atherogenesis, associated with suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, although systolic blood pressure levels were modestly increased (5 ± 1 mmHg). Constitutive activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 apolipoprotein E knockout mice was also associated with increased atherosclerosis and vascular adhesion, and this was attenuated by a high-salt diet associated with suppression of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. By contrast, a low-salt diet failed to further activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system or to increase atherosclerosis in angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Together, these data validate a relationship between salt-mediated renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activation and atherogenesis, which may partly explain the inconclusive or paradoxical findings of recent observational studies, despite clear effects on blood pressure.
Glycoprotein-Dependent Acidification of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Enhances Release of Matrix Protein (2009)

To study vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) entry and uncoating, we generated a recombinant VSV encoding a matrix (M) protein containing a C-terminal tetracysteine Lumio tag (rVSV-ML) that could be fluorescently labeled using biarsenical compounds. Quantitative confocal microscopy showed that there is a transient loss of fluorescence at early times after the initiation of endocytosis of rVSV-ML-Green (rVSV-MLG) virions, which did not occur when cells were treated with bafilomycin A1. The reduction in fluorescence occurred 5 to 10 min postentry, followed by a steady increase in fluorescence intensity from 15 to 60 min postentry. A similar loss of fluorescence was observed in vitro when virions were exposed to acidic pH. The reduction in fluorescence required G protein since "bald" DeltaG-MLG particles did not show a similar loss of fluorescence at low pH. Based on the pH-dependent fluorescence properties of Lumio Green, we hypothesize that the loss of fluorescence of rVSV-MLG virions during virus entry is due to a G ectodomain-dependent acidification of the virion interior. Biochemical analysis indicated that low pH also resulted in an enhancement of M protein dissociation from partially permeabilized, but otherwise intact, wild-type virions. From these data we propose that low-pH conformational changes in G protein promote acidification of the virus interior, which facilitates the release of M from ribonucleoprotein particles during uncoating.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. VON NIGRIFACTIN (1970)

Abstract Das Butan (I) reagiert mit Mg und Cd‐bromid und nachfolgend mit dem Säurechlorid (II) zum Keton (III).
The European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in the year 2014 and onward (2015)

The academic year 2014/2015 has come to an end, and we have gathered strength for new efforts in the next. This is a good opportunity to reflect on the performance of the European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology in the previous year, which Didier Lebrec and I have edited in a joint venture since 2008. In short, we are both very pleased with the course of events and achievements and look forward to new initiatives. It can be noted that, in 2014, the journal received 1238 new submissions (607 in hepatology and 631 in gastroenterology), of which 18.5% were finally accepted. The mean time to the first editorial decision was 12.9 days, indicating extremely fast performance in this special medical and scientific field. The editors received contributions from 1038 reviewers. The editorial program of the European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology covers clinical and translational research in gastroenterology and hepatology, including epidemiology, and also a wide range of healthcare aspects at regional, national, and international levels, with special interest in patient outcomes, particularly aspects of quality of care and quality of life. With regard to the types of publications, there has been a trend toward a reduction in the number of case reports to accommodate more original scientific articles. In addition, to be able to cover a wider range of topics, the format ‘Short article’ has been added to the spectrum. Submissions of meta-analyses are steadily increasing in number, and only the most clinically important ones can be accepted. As the publisher has left additional space to our disposition, we will use these pages for the meta-analyses every 3 months (selection of the articles is at the discretion of the editors). We hope that you appreciate the recent color changes in the layout of the journal text, which should contribute to your reading pleasure. Additional features have been planned for the future. Our work has, as always, been supported by the members of a strong and active Editorial Board, who will be invited by the end of this year to continue their important engagement. Finally, the editors express their gratitude for the opportunities and collaborations provided to them by the publisher to promote new and exciting clinical research and opinions over the previous year, in particular addressing Anna Rutkowska for the engaged day-to-day editorial work and Dr Phil Daly for his openness to new ideas and support toward their realization. We are glad that you, the readers, the target audience for the effort and care put into the European Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, have awarded us with a further increase in impact factor to 2.253. We are very honored by this and look forward to our future ‘co-production’. Reinhold Stockbrugger Didier Lebrec
Neighbouring group participation of thiol through aldehyde group assisted thiolysis of active ether: ratiometric and vapor phase fast detection of hydrogen sulfide in mixed aqueous media (2015)

Ratiometric and fast detection of H<sub>2</sub>S <italic>via</italic> NGP of thiol rather than direct nucleophilic attack to cleave active ether linkage.
Arabidopsis GARP Transcriptional Activators Interact with the Pro-Rich Activation Domain Shared by G-Box-Binding bZIP Factors (2002)

The Pro-rich regions, found in a subset of plant bZIP transcription factors, including G-box-binding factors (GBFs) of Arabidopsis thaliana, are thought to be deeply involved in transcriptional regulation. However, the molecular mechanisms of the Pro-rich region-mediated transcriptional regulation are still largely unknown. Here we report evidence showing that two closely related Arabidopsis proteins, designated GPRI1 and GPRI2, containing a GARP DNA-binding domain, are likely partners of one or more GBFs. The results of yeast two-hybrid assays and in vitro binding assays indicated that GPRI1 can interact with the Pro-rich regions of GBF1 and GBF3. GPRI2 interacted with the Pro-rich region of GBF1. GPRI1 and GPRI2 transactivated transcription in yeast. In GPRI1 the region responsible for this activation was mapped in the N-terminal third of the protein. Transient assays showed that in Arabidopsis cells not only the N-terminal but also the C-terminal regions of GPRI1 can function as a separable activation domain. GPRI1 and GPRI2 may function in some promoters in concert with a GBF through interaction with its Pro-rich region to enhance the transcriptional level of the corresponding genes.
Cellular and plasma viral load in patients infected with HIV-2 (1993)

Differences in viral load between individuals infected with HIV-2 and those infected with HIV-1 could partly account for reported differences in the pathogenicity of the two viruses.
Principles and applications of content-aware video communication (2002)

Most traditional video communication systems consider videos as low-level bit streams, ignoring the underlying visual content. Content-aware video communication is a new framework that explores the strong correlation between video content, resource (bit rate), and utility (quality). Such a framework facilitates new ways of quality modeling and resource allocation in multimedia communication. We demonstrate advantages of the content-aware approaches in two applications. First, content-aware models were developed for predicting video traffic for live video streams. The video traffic models were evaluated in a dynamic network resource allocation system. Our simulations have shown that, compared to existing techniques, significant reduction (55% to 70%) in required network resources can be achieved. Second, we have used the content-aware principle for automatic generation of utility function (subjective quality vs. bit rate) for live video. Our results indicate that high accuracy in estimating utility functions can be achieved. Such utility functions can be applied to optimal transcoding and media scaling in distributed network environments.
Withanolide A Biogeneration in in Vitro Shoot Cultures of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera DUNAL), a Main Medicinal Plant in Ayurveda (2007)

Multiple shoot cultures of two experimental lines of Withania somnifera plants (RS-Selection-1 and RS-Selection-2) were established using nodal segments as explants. The hormonal combinations of benzyl adenine and kinetin not only influenced their morphogenetic response but also differentially modulated the level of biogeneration of withanolide A in the in vitro shoots of the two lines. Interestingly, withanolide-A, that was hardly detectable in the aerial parts of field-grown Withania somnifera (explant source), accumulated considerably in the in vitro shoot cultures of the plant. The productivity of withanolide A in the cultures varied considerably (ca. 10-fold, 0.014 to 0.14 mg per gram fresh weight) with the change in the hormone composition of the culture media as well as genotype used as source of the explant. The shoot culture of RS-Selection-1 raised at 1.00 ppm of BAP and 0.50 ppm of kinetin displayed the highest concentration of withanolide A in the green shoots of 0.238 g per 100 g dry weight tissue. This was a more analytical concentration keeping in view the isolation yields so far reported from the dried roots of the field-grown plant (ca. 0.015 g per 100 g dry weight), even if isolation losses are considered during purification. The enhanced de novo biogenesis of withanolide A in shoot cultures was corroborated with radiolabel incorporation studies using [2-(14)C] acetate as a precursor. Production of withaferin A was also found in the in vitro shoot cultures. As this compound is a predominant withanolide of native shoots as well and has been already reported to be accumulated in in vitro shoot cultures, its biogeneration observed in these shoot cultures is not discussed in detail.
Carnosine metabolism and function in the thoroughbred horse (1996)

Thoroughbred horseracing involves high-intensity exercise characterized by the production and accumulation of hydrogen (H<sup>+</sup>) ions within the skeletal muscles. Without a system for maintaining acid-base balance the consequential accumulation of H+ ions within the working muscles would produce a rapid decline in intra-cellular pH with a concomitant impairment of the contractile process. Carnosine (ß-alanyl-L-histidine, pK<sup>a</sup> 6.83) occurs at high concentration in equine muscle where it functions as an effective H<sup>+</sup> ion buffer at physiological pH. <br><br> High-performance liquid chromatography analytical methods were developed for carnosine and used to investigate its distribution and metabolism in equine fluids and tissues, with emphasis on type 1, IIA and IIB muscle fibres. Foals and yearlings had significantly lower plasma carnosine concentrations than older horses. Plasma carnosine concentration showed little change during normal feeding and high-intensity exercise, however, episodes of equine exertional rhabdomyolysis produced large increases. Carnosine concentrations in tissues, such as the heart, liver and intestine were 10 to 100-fold lower than in skeletal muscle. Carnosine displayed a heterogeneous distribution within skeletal muscle. Its concentration in type IIA and 1113fi bres was approximately 5-fold higher than in type I fibres. <br><br> Extensive, partly anaerobic training produced a 2-fold increase in the carnosine concentration in type IIA fibres, and an increase, although non-significant, in type I and IIB fibres. Thirty days of dietary ß-alanine and histidine supplementation produced an adaptive increase in ß-alanine and histidine bioavailability, and significant increases in the carnosine concentration in type IIA and IIB fibres. <br><br> A greater skeletal muscle carnosine concentration via training and/or ß-alanine and histidine supplementation would produce a corresponding increase in H+ ion buffering capacity, which may reduce the rate of metabolic acidosis during high-intensity exercise, and possibly delay the subsequent onset of localized muscle fatigue.
The Inherent Organization of the Paper Office: Implications for Electronic Document Management Systems (1981)

As the technological availability of electronic document management systems approaches, questions concerning the appropriate user interface design must be investigated and answered. Much of this investigation must focus on the characteristics of the paper office which the electronic system is intended eventually to replace. Of immediate interest are the physical organization of the paper office and the organization of the mental model which users reference to aid their document management tasks. An exploratory investigation analyzed a small number of existing paper offices, modeled their physical organizations, and studied the behaviors of their owners in document filing and retrieval tasks. Multi-dimensional scaling techniques were used to discover the inherent dimensionality of the mental models the users had created of their paper offices. Protocol analysis was employed to infer cues used for aiding retrieval based on incomplete information. This set of cues was evaluated for candidate dimensions in the mental model of the paper office. The results of the exploratory investigation were evaluated for user interface requirements of electronic document management systems. Classical DBMS query languages and data models were evaluated against the user interface requirements. These were found insufficient in the key requirements of simple filing procedures and retrieval based on incomplete and/or partially erroneous information. A user interface and data model is recommended that might provide higher performance. A research plan for a thorough investigation is outlined.
Hot Cell Installation and Demonstration of the Severe Accident Test Station (2017)

A Severe Accident Test Station (SATS) capable of examining the oxidation kinetics and accident response of irradiated fuel and cladding materials for design basis accident (DBA) and beyond design basis accident (BDBA) scenarios has been successfully installed and demonstrated in the Irradiated Fuels Examination Laboratory (IFEL), a hot cell facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The two test station modules provide various temperature profiles, steam, and the thermal shock conditions necessary for integral loss of coolant accident (LOCA) testing, defueled oxidation quench testing and high temperature BDBA testing. The installation of the SATS system restores the domestic capability to examine postulated and extended LOCA conditions on spent fuel and cladding and provides a platform for evaluation of advanced fuel and accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding concepts. This document reports on the successful in-cell demonstration testing of unirradiated Zircaloy-4. It also contains descriptions of the integral test facility capabilities, installation activities, and out-of-cell benchmark testing to calibrate and optimize the system.
Distributed Sensor Diagnosis in Complex Wired Networks for Soft Fault Detection Using Reflectometry and Neural Network (2019)

This paper presents a neural network (NN) approach to detect and locate automatically multiple soft faults in complex wired networks using multi-sensor information fusion. The location process is based on monitoring the wired network topology by several sensors (reflectometers). The soft fault detection and location are achieved by Multi-Carrier Time Domain Reflectometry (MCTDR) combined with feedforward Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) neural network, trained by backpropagation algorithm. The NN ensures the data fusion between different reflectometers. The required datasets for training and testing the NN are generated by simulation of faults for various soft faults scenarios (fault locations and fault impedance). The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated by simulation for locating multiple soft faults in branched network.