gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Nasosinusal Symptoms and Topographic Diagnosis in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (2005)

Rhinitis and sinusitis concern roughly a quarter of the population in the Western world. They are associated with a wide range of symptoms: nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior nasal discharge, sneezing episodes, facial pain or congestion, and taste and smell disorders. The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate the clinical significance of these various symptoms as a function of the topographic diagnosis of chronic rhinosinusitis. The study involved 474 patients with signs of chronic perennial and persistent rhinosinusitis. The disorders of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses were classified into three main diagnostic categories: chronic rhinitis, localized sinusitis (mainly, anterior sinusitis), and diffuse rhinosinusitis (ie, nasal polyposis). A principal components analysis was performed. The symptom patterns of the three main clinical entities differed greatly. Most of the following clinical signs--nasal obstruction, anterior and posterior nasal discharge, sneezing, and facial congestion--are found in all diagnostic categories and hold no specific clinical significance. By contrast, four symptoms seem to have a substantial differentiating potential: anosmia and complete loss of flavor for diffuse rhinosinusitis, cacosmia for localized anterior sinusitis, and severe facial pain for localized sinusitis. This study proposes a new analysis of the relationship between symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis and findings on a sinus computed tomography scan.
Amine-Functionalized MIL-53 Metal–Organic Framework in Polyimide Mixed Matrix Membranes for CO2/CH4 Separation (2012)

Flexible crystalline metal–organic framework (MOF) of nanosize particles (Al-MIL-53) and 6FDA-ODA polyimides were used to produce mixed matrix membranes (MMM). These MMM display excellent CO2/CH4 separation properties even without any compatibilization (amine grafting). The ideal selectivity and separation factor were found to increase with increasing MOF loading. Furthermore, these materials have an improved CO2/CH4 separation factor with increasing pressure, in contrast to traditional polymer membranes.
Extrinsic and intrinsic representations (2019)

We extend the discussion in the target article about distinctions between extrinsic coding (external references to known things, as required by information theory) and the alternative we and the target article both favor, intrinsic coding (internal relationships within sensory and motor signals). Central to our thinking about intrinsic coding is population coding and the concept of high-dimensional neural response spaces.
Region-based image watermarking (2001)

We introduce a novel method for embedding and detecting a chaotic watermark in the digital spatial image domain, based on segmenting the image and locating regions that are robust to several image manipulations. The robustness of the method is confirmed by experimental results that display the immunity of the embedded watermark to several kinds of attacks, such as compression, filtering, scaling, cropping, and rotation.
Rheological properties of aqueous solutions of (1-3)(1-4)-beta-D-glucan from oats (Avena sativa L.) (1995)

International audience
Vertical Force and Wrist Deviation Angle in a Sample of Elderly People Using Walkers (2013)

Walkers are frequently used by elderly people with weak lower limbs and limited balance, but the ergonomic relationship between the use of a walker and stress on the upper limbs is relatively unstudied. The current study assessed wrist deviation and vertical force among elderly individuals using a walker for assistance in walking. 60 elderly volunteers (M age = 81.0 yr., SD = 8.8) participated, 30 of whom frequently used a walker, and 30 who had no such prior experience. Data were obtained from four load cells and a twin-axis wrist goniometer during assisted ambulation using the walker. No significant group difference was found in gait cycle. Significant wrist deviation occurred, with ulnar deviation/dorsiflexion of the right hand, which was greater than that of the left. Non-experienced participants had larger dorsiflexion than experienced participants. Experienced participants produced larger vertical force than non-experienced participants. The greaterthe wrist deviation, the greater was the vertical force. The horizontal handles of most marketed walkers cause wrist deviations. This is a concern for users, clinicians, and related industries. Improvements in walker design should be considered.
Lesson from the Stoichiometry Determination of the Cohesin Complex: A Short Protease Mediated Elution Increases the Recovery from Cross-Linked Antibody-Conjugated Beads (2010)

Affinity purification of proteins using antibodies coupled to beads and subsequent mass spectrometric analysis has become a standard technique for the identification of protein complexes. With the recent transfer of the isotope dilution mass spectrometry principle (IDMS) to the field of proteomics, quantitative analyses-such as the stoichiometry determination of protein complexes-have become achievable. Traditionally proteins were eluted from antibody-conjugated beads using glycine at low pH or using diluted acids such as HCl, TFA, or FA, but elution was often found to be incomplete. Using the cohesin complex and the anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) as examples, we show that a short 15-60 min predigestion with a protease such as LysC (modified on-bead digest termed protease elution) increases the elution efficiency 2- to 3-fold compared to standard acid elution protocols. While longer incubation periods-as performed in standard on-bead digestion-led to partial proteolysis of the cross-linked antibodies, no or only insignificant cleavage was observed after 15-60 min protease mediated elution. Using the protease elution method, we successfully determined the stoichiometry of the cohesin complex by absolute quantification of the four core subunits using LC-SRM analysis and 19 reference peptides generated with the EtEP strategy. Protease elution was 3-fold more efficient compared to HCl elution, but measurements using both elution techniques are in agreement with a 1:1:1:1 stoichiometry. Furthermore, using isoform specific reference peptides, we determined the exact STAG1:STAG2 stoichiometry within the population of cohesin complexes. In summary, we show that the protease elution protocol increases the recovery from affinity beads and is compatible with quantitative measurements such as the stoichiometry determination of protein complexes.
Characterization of Cholinomimetic Agents that Inhibit In Vitro Fertilization in the Mouse Evidence for a Sperm‐Specific Binding Site (1982)

Spermatozoa from the cauda epididymidis of the mouse bind 3‐quinuclidinyl benzilate (QNB), a highly specific antagonist of the muscarinic type of acetylcholine receptor; inhibition of in vitro fertilization of mouse eggs parallels this binding. Characterization of 3 H‐QNB binding to mouse spermatozoa by means of Scatchard and Hill plots showed a single class of non‐interacting sites with K D = 5 nM. The stereospecificity of this site was determined by testing the ability of specific probes to displace competitively 3 H‐QNB bound to spermatozoa. Unlabeled QNB, atropine, and scopolamine, which are antagonists of muscarinic receptors, and carbamylcholine and muscarine, which are agonists, competed with 3 H‐QNB for the spermatozoon binding site. Propylbenzilylcholine mustard (PrBCM), a specific, irreversible antagonist of muscarinic sites, did not compete for the 3 H‐QNB binding site. Those compounds that occupied the QNB binding site on mouse spermatozoa also inhibited the fertilization of the zonapellucida‐intact mouse eggs in vitro, whereas PrBCM, which did not occupy the binding site, had no effect on fertilization. There was a close correspondence between the affinity of these compounds for the QNB binding site and their ability to inhibit fertilization. This correspondence held for both agonists and antagonists of muscarinic sites. From these results, we conclude that the 3 H‐QNB binding site of mouse spermatozoa differs from the conventional class of muscarinic sites: while the steric requirements are similar, they are far from identical. This fact suggests that compounds could be synthesized that would be potent inhibitors of fertilization by binding on the sperm surface, but would have no effect on neural tissues. Such compounds would offer a new approach to the design of male fertility control agents.
Novel Zinc Chelators with Dual Activity in the Inhibition of the .kappa.B Site-Binding Proteins, HIV-EP1 and NF-.kappa.B (1995)

Both HIV-EP1 (also called PRDII-BF1 or MBP-1), a zinc finger protein, and NF-kappa B, a Rel family protein, bind to kappa B site present in the enhancer of multiple cellular and viral genes involved in immune function and inflammatory response including HIV-1 LTR and human interferon beta gene. When cells are exposed to extracellular stimuli such as virus or phorbol ester, the activity of both HIV-EP1 and NF-kappa B is induced. Thus, kappa B site-directed transcription could be regulated by two distinct proteins in a cooperative way. Novel heterocyclic compounds comprising (dimethylamino)pyridine and histidine units, i.e., 1-4, have been designed and synthesized, aiming at inhibition of these kappa B site-binding proteins to discriminate their functions. These compounds exhibited remarkable zinc-binding capability as revealed by NMR study. Compounds 1 and 2 showed a marked inhibitory effect on the DNA binding activity of HIV-EP1 by removing zinc without interfering with the DNA binding activity of NF-kappa B. Since it has been demonstrated that zinc somehow influences the DNA binding of NF-kappa B, the effect of these heterocyclic compounds and their zinc complexes on NF-kappa B was examined. Zinc complexes of 3 and 4 exhibited the inhibitory effect on the DNA binding of NF-kappa B and/or homodimeric complexes of p50 and p65 subunits of NF-kappa B without affecting HIV-EP1. Thus, it became possible to inhibit either one of the two kappa B site-binding proteins without inhibiting the other.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
NON-FOAMING MUTANTS OF SAKÉ YEAST COMPARISON OF THE CELL WALL COMPOSITION BETWEEN THE PARENT AND MUTANTS (1973)

Non-foaming mutants of Saké yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) which do not form froth head during fermentation differ in various physicochemical properties from their parent strain. In the work, the cell wall composition was compared between parent strain and two strains of the mutant. Flotability of the mutant cells increased by mechanical disruption of the cells, suggesting that the disrupted cells have higher flotability regardless of the kind of yeasts, i.e., foaming or non-foaming. Contents of total carbohydrate, nitrogen, ash, glucan, mannan, glucosamine, and phosphorus as well as amino acid composition were determined repeatedly. Results showed that there were no marked differences in the cell wall composition between the parent and mutant strains, as can be detected directly by the ordinary chemical analyses.
Identification of Campylobacter jejuni Proteins Recognized by Maternal Antibodies of Chickens (2008)

Campylobacter jejuni is one of the leading bacterial causes of food-borne gastroenteritis. Infection with C. jejuni is frequently acquired through the consumption of undercooked poultry or foods cross-contaminated with raw poultry. Given the importance of poultry as a reservoir for Campylobacter organisms, investigators have performed studies to understand the protective role of maternal antibodies in the ecology of Campylobacter colonization of poultry. In a previous study, chicks with maternal antibodies generated against the S3B strain of C. jejuni provided protection against Campylobacter colonization (O. Sahin, N. Luo, S. Huang, and Q. Zhang, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 69:5372-5379, 2003). We obtained serum samples, collectively referred to as the C. jejuni S3B-SPF sera, from the previous study. These sera were determined to contain maternal antibodies that reacted against C. jejuni whole-cell lysates as judged by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The antigens recognized by the C. jejuni S3B-SPF antibodies were identified by immunoblot analysis, coupled with mass spectrometry, of C. jejuni outer membrane protein extracts. This approach led to the identification of C. jejuni proteins recognized by the maternal antibodies, including the flagellin proteins and CadF adhesin. In vitro assays revealed that the C. jejuni S3B-SPF sera retarded the motility of the C. jejuni S3B homologous strain but did not retard the motility of a heterologous strain of C. jejuni (81-176). This finding provides a possible mechanism explaining why maternal antibodies confer enhanced protection against challenge with a homologous strain compared to a heterologous strain. Collectively, this study provides a list of C. jejuni proteins against which protective antibodies are generated in hens and passed to chicks.
Advantage of super junction MOSFET for power supply application (2014)

Characteristics of fast recovery diode (FRED) type super junction MOSFET (SJ-MOS) are reported. The reverse recovery ruggedness (-di/dt ruggedness) of the SJ-MOS FRED is dramatically improved compared to that of non-FRED type, which is almost 16 times better.
Mutations in the interferon sensitivity‐determining region of hepatitis C virus genotype 2a correlate with response to pegylated‐interferon‐alpha 2a monotherapy (2009)

The interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) is thought to be inhibited by the double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). Several studies have reported a relationship between the ISDR and interferon (IFN) responsiveness. However, this relationship is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate whether genomic heterogeneity of the ISDR among patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a affects the response to pegylated-IFN-alpha 2a monotherapy. Eighty patients (47 men, 33 women; mean age: 54.2 +/- 12.9 years) infected with HCV genotype 2a were evaluated. HCV viral loads were determined by real-time PCR. The ISDR (amino acids 2193-2228) was examined by direct sequencing. Thirty-one patients received subcutaneous injections of pegylated-IFN-alpha 2a (180 microg) once weekly for 24 weeks, and 35 patients received injections for 48 weeks. Fourteen patients withdrew from treatment. Of the remaining 66 patients, 51 (77.3%) showed a sustained virologic response. Factors related to sustained virologic response on multivariate analysis were rapid virologic response (negative HCV at 4 weeks; odds ratio: 0.033; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.003-0.363; P = 0.0052) and the number of mutations in the ISDR (odds ratio: 0.025; 95% CI 0.001-0.476; P = 0.0141). There were no significant differences in other factors, including sex, age, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, platelet count, duration of treatment, and HCV viral load. Rapid virologic response and the ISDR sequence variations are significantly associated with response to pegylated-IFN-alpha 2a monotherapy in Japanese patients with HCV genotype 2a.
Presumptive frequency of, and review of reports on, allergies to household gloves (2009)

Allergies to rubber household gloves seem to be rare. Factors presumably counteracting contact sensitization by household gloves, compared to occupational use, comprise short intermediate use, loose fitting and the incorporation of e.g. an inner cotton surface reducing skin contact with rubber chemicals.
Carbon Nanotube Mass Production: Principles and Processes (2011)

Our society requires new materials for a sustainable future, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are among the most important advanced materials. This Review describes the state-of-the-art of CNT synthesis, with a focus on their mass-production in industry. At the nanoscale, the production of CNTs involves the self-assembly of carbon atoms into a one-dimensional tubular structure. We describe how this synthesis can be achieved on the macroscopic scale in processes akin to the continuous tonne-scale mass production of chemical products in the modern chemical industry. Our overview includes discussions on processing methods for high-purity CNTs, and the handling of heat and mass transfer problems. Manufacturing strategies for agglomerated and aligned single-/multiwalled CNTs are used as examples of the engineering science of CNT production, which includes an understanding of their growth mechanism, agglomeration mechanism, reactor design, and process intensification. We aim to provide guidelines for the production and commercialization of CNTs. Although CNTs can now be produced on the tonne scale, knowledge of the growth mechanism at the atomic scale, the relationship between CNT structure and application, and scale-up of the production of CNTs with specific chirality are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach is a prerequisite for the sustainable development of the CNT industry.
Alkene Metathesis: The Search for Better Catalysts (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Effect of Age on Serum Creatinine Levels in an Aging Population: Relevance to Vascular Surgery (2002)

Background and Aim. Serum creatinine is commonly used to assess and monitor renal function in the management of abdominal aortic aneurysm with endoluminal grafting, and for intervention of renal artery occlusive disease. The majority of patients selected for these procedures are elderly and serum creatinine is used post-operatively to monitor renal function. There is a need to adjust the serum creatinine concentration for age to determine the changes that might be due to the procedure: especially with endoluminal grafting using transrenal manipulation and fixation, and procedures involving interventions directly on the renal arteries. A single reference interval for serum creatinine is usually given for each sex but does not take into account variation due to age. The objective of this study was to establish age related reference intervals for serum creatinine, especially for those over 60 years of age to assist in the clinical interpretation of creatinine levels in the years following endoluminal grafting for aneurysms of the abdominal aorta. Methods. A pathology services database was established for serum creatinine measurements from 98,688 patients (44,784 males and 53,904 females). Data was stratified into five year age groups and reference intervals assigned for each age group after a reference population was determined. The heterogeneous population was refined firstly by removing patients with extreme (≥200 μmol/1) concentrations of serum creatinine, outliers and repeated values. Secondly, a putative “healthy” population was determined by removing values outside three standard deviations of the mean. Two statistical methods, the Bhattacharya and Hoffmann methods, were then applied to obtain a putative reference population. Serum creatinine data was obtained from the Busselton Population Research Foundation for comparison. Findings. Serum creatinine concentration increased steadily with age; in females from the age of 40 years and 60 years for males. Reference intervals for males and females aged from 20 to 94 years were established. Advancing age affects serum creatinine levels, especially in the “vascular” age group of 60 to 80 years. The changes in serum creatinine concentration that occur with age is relevant in interpretation of the results of renal monitoring after intervention.
Analysis of twelve electrical and electronics engineering programs (2010)

\n\t\t\t\t\tThis paper investigates undergraduate programs in electrical and electronics engineering offered by twelve universities in Australia, Asia, Europe, and America. The investigation focuses on the structure and content of the programs, and the contact hour and assessment of the subjects involved in the programs. The investigation is carried out in four stages: selection of universities, collection of data, analysis of data, and formulation of outcomes. A list of subjects is created based on the content of the programs. The average percentage coverage of each subject in the twelve programs is calculated. The subjects are then grouped into nine program components. The average percentage coverage of each component per university is calculated. For each component, the total number of contact hours for lecture, tutorial, and practical is calculated. Also, the average percentage of four assessment methods for each component is found. Discussions on the outcome of the investigation are presented.&lt;br /&gt;\n\t\t\t\t
Centrifugal Suspension—Separation (1993)

A new process has been developed for coating particles and droplets, based on forming a suspension of the core particles in the coating, then using a rotating disk to remove the excess coating liquid in the form of small droplets, while a residual coating remains around the core particles. All particles are then solidified by cooling or drying. The fine pure-coating particles are then separated from the larger coated particles and recycled. Core size can be from about 30 micrometers to several millimeters. Many wall materials are suitable and the coating can be applied from a solution or from a melted material. The process is fast, has high production capacity and is inexpensive.
Allylpalladium Complexes with P-Stereogenic Monodentate Phosphines. Application in the Asymmetric Hydrovinylation of Styrene (2005)

A group of P-stereogenic monodentate phosphines S-PPhRR‘ (R = 1-naphthyl, 9-phenanthryl, or o-biphenylyl and R‘ = CH3−, i-C3H8−, and Ph3SiCH2−) have been prepared by succesive substitution reactions on the oxazaphospholidineborane obtained from (−)-ephedrine and bis(N,N-diethylamino)phenylphosphine. The reaction with binuclear allyl compounds [Pd(μ-Cl)(allyl)]2 gives neutral [PdCl(allyl)P*] complexes. When allyl = 2-CH3-C3H4 (5), two isomers appeared in solution due to the R- or S-geometry around the palladium atom. The discrimination effect of the phosphines is small and the maximum isomeric ratio is observed for PPh(o-Ph2)(CH2SiPh3). The molecular structure determined by X-ray diffraction of two complexes with P* = PPh(o-Ph2)(i-Pr) and PPh(o-Ph2)(OMe) showed a very similar nonsymmetric coordination of the allyl moiety according to the greater trans influence of the phosphorus atom. When allyl = 1-C6H5-C3H4 (6), the NMR spectroscopy showed up to four isomers due to the R- or S-geometry around palladium and the Z- or E-disposition of P* and the phenyl substituent of the allyl moiety. The E-isomers are the major species in solution, unique with PPh(o-Ph2)(CH2SiPh3). The usual, well-defined dynamic exchanges by π−σ−π and pseudorotation of the allyl moiety have been observed. The codimerization reaction between styrene and ethylene has been tested using filtered CH2Cl2 solutions of [PdCl(2-CH3-C3H4)P*] (5) complexes and AgBF4 as catalytic precursors. Moderate activity (TOF < 225 h-1 at 25 °C) and good selectivities to 3-Ph-1-butene (∼90% at 80% conversion) are obtained. The ee is moderate (<40% ee) and different from the discrimination effects observed in the solutions of neutral complexes [PdCl(ally)P*]. The reaction carried out with deuterated styrene shows the clean C−H addition to the vinyl double bond of stryrene and confirms the irreversible nature of the insertion of styrene in the palladium hydride intermediate. The hydrovinylation reaction using substituted styrene with a potentially secondary coordination atom occurs only when the substitution is in the phenyl ring and without significant improvements of the ee.