gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of iodine with olefins. I. Kinetics and mechanism of iodine addition to pentene isomers (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of iodine with olefins. I. Kinetics and mechanism of iodine addition to pentene isomersChristopher J. Michejda, R. L. Ayres, and E. P. RackCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 6, 1389–1394Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00735a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00735a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views488Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tailoring the morphology and luminescence of GaN/InGaN core–shell nanowires using bottom-up selective-area epitaxy (2016)

Controlled bottom-up selective-area epitaxy (SAE) is used to tailor the morphology and photoluminescence properties of GaN/InGaN core-shell nanowire arrays. The nanowires are grown on c-plane sapphire substrates using pulsed-mode metal organic chemical vapor deposition. By varying the dielectric mask configuration and growth conditions, we achieve GaN nanowire cores with diameters ranging from 80 to 700 nm that exhibit various degrees of polar, semipolar, and nonpolar faceting. A single InGaN quantum well (QW) and GaN barrier shell is also grown on the GaN nanowire cores and micro-photoluminescence is obtained and analyzed for a variety of nanowire dimensions, array pitch spacings, and aperture diameters. By increasing the nanowire pitch spacing on the same growth wafer, the emission wavelength redshifts from 440 to 520 nm, while increasing the aperture diameter results in a ∼35 nm blueshift. The thickness of one QW/barrier period as a function of pitch and aperture diameter is inferred using scanning electron microscopy, with larger pitches showing significantly thicker QWs. Significant increases in indium composition were predicted for larger pitches and smaller aperture diameters. The results are interpreted in terms of local growth conditions and adatom capture radius around the nanowires. This work provides significant insight into the effects of mask configuration and growth conditions on the nanowire properties and is applicable to the engineering of monolithic multi-color nanowire LEDs on a single chip.
Towards Hierarchical Routing in Small World Wireless Networks (2009)

A novel overlay based approach to enable hierarchical routing in small world and scale free wireless networks is provided and evaluated in this paper. In the solution, the wireless short-cuts are applied as dynamic links between overlay nodes, which apply bigger transmission power to reach larger communication range. The effects of such short-cuts into the end to end delay, route lengths and throughput are studied by means of simulations. The simulation results indicate that increasing the number of referred wireless short-cuts lowers the end to end delays, and makes the physical routes shorter, and also improves throughput. When the clustering degree increases, the physical routes become shorter and the performance of the system improves. The simulations carried out for evaluating the hierarchical routing approach indicates the feasibility of the approach, and the results also confirm quite well with small world and scale free networks phenomenon.
Activating Systemic T-Cell Immunity Against Self Tumor Antigens to Support Oncolytic Virotherapy with Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (2011)

We have shown that the antitumor activity of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) against B16ova tumors in C57BL/6 mice is predominantly due to innate antiviral immune effectors. We have also shown that the innate immune-activating properties of VSV can be harnessed to prime adaptive T-cell responses against a tumor-associated antigen (TAA) if the virus is engineered to express the cDNA of the antigen. Here, we show that the combination of VSV expressing OVA as a model tumor antigen, along with adoptive T-cell therapy targeted against the same antigen, is superior to either treatment alone and induces systemic antitumor activity. In addition, we extend our findings with the OVA model to the therapeutic use of VSV expressing hgp100, a self TAA against which tolerance is well established in C57BL/6 mice. In contrast to VSV-ova, T-cell responses raised by VSV-hgp100 were insufficient to improve therapy against B16ova tumors compared with VSV-GFP alone. However, in combination with adoptive transfer of gp100-specific pmel T cells, intratumoral VSV-hgp100 cured significantly more mice than either virus or T cells alone. Even in an aggressive model of metastatic disease, antitumor therapy was generated at levels similar to those observed in the VSV-ova/OT-I model in which a potently immunogenic, nonself TAA was targeted. Therefore, individual poorly effective virotherapies and T-cell therapies that target self TAA of low immunogenicity, which reflects the situation in patients, can be combined to generate very effective antitumor therapy.
Droloxifene, a new estrogen antagonist/agonist, prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. (1995)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of droloxifene (DRO), a new estrogen antagonist/agonist, on bone turnover, bone mass, total serum cholesterol, and uterine weight in rats made estrogen deficient by ovariectomy. Sprague-Dawley female rats were ovariectomized (OVX) or sham operated (sham) at 5 months of age and treated with 17 beta-estradiol (E2) at 30 micrograms/kg, sc, daily or with DRO at 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.day, orally, for 4 weeks. At the time of death, body weight gain, uterine weight, and total serum cholesterol were measured. Bone area, bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) of whole femora, distal femoral metaphyses, femoral shaft, and proximal femora were determined ex vivo using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Static and dynamic cancellous bone histomorphometric analysis of proximal tibial metaphyses was performed in double fluorescent labeled, undecalcified, 4- and 10-microns longitudinal sections. Body weight gain in E2-treated OVX rats was significantly reduced compared to that in OVX controls, but was not different from that in sham controls. Body weight gain in DRO-treated OVX rats was decreased significantly compared to that in both sham and OVX controls. In OVX rats, uterine weight was completely preserved by treatment with E2. Uterine weight in DRO-treated OVX rats was slightly, but significantly, increased from the vehicle-treated control value, and was significantly lower than that in sham controls and E2-treated OVX rats. Treatment with sc injection of E2 in OVX rats had no effect on total serum cholesterol, whereas OVX rats orally treated with DRO at 5-20 mg/kg.day decreased total serum cholesterol by 33-46% compared to levels in sham and OVX controls. Compared to sham controls, OVX decreased BMC and BMD of distal femoral metaphyses, increased BMD of the femoral shaft, and had no effect on BMC and BMD of whole femora and proximal femora. Treatment with either E2 or DRO prevented these changes induced by OVX. Proximal tibial metaphyseal trabecular bone volume and trabecular number were increased, and trabecular separation, percent osteoclast perimeter, osteoclast number, percent mineralizing perimeter, mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and bone turnover rate were decreased in 5, 10, or 20 mg/kg.day DRO-treated OVX rats compared to OVX controls. These cancellous bone histomorphometric indexes in DRO treated OVX rats did not differ from those in E2-treated OVX rats or sham controls, suggesting that DRO completely prevented the increases in bone turnover and the decrease in bone mass induced by OVX in rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
DC transport in a dissipative superconducting quantum point contact (2023)

We study the current-voltage characteristics of a superconducting junction with particle losses at the contacts. We adopt the Keldysh formalism to compute the steady-state current for varying transmission of the contact. In the low-transmission regime, the dissipation leads to an enhancement of the current at low bias, a nonmonotonic dependence of current on dissipation, and the emergence of new structures in the current-voltage curves. The effect of dissipation by particle loss is found to be qualitatively different from that of a finite temperature and a finite inelastic scattering rate in the reservoirs.
The effect of localized modes on radiationless electronic transitions. II. Dependence on impurity concentration (1981)

The nonradiative decay of electronically excited impurities in a linear crystal is studied. For isolated isotropic impurities lighter than the host atoms [i.e., ε=−(ΔM/M)≳0] localized modes exist which, however, cannot accept energy in the relaxation process since the Franck–Condon factors vanish due to parity selection rules. This is not the case if there is a second impurity at a finite distance. The effect of the localized modes on the nonradiative rate is studied as a function of the impurity distance, the relative mass change, and the temperature. For low temperatures and weak coupling the rates may be enlarged by several orders of magnitude for neighboring impurities. This is important for increased impurity concentration. The time-dependent decay is in general nonexponential, and in the simplest case a superposition of two exponentials.
PhyBox: A Programmable Interface for Physarum Polycephalum-based Memristors (2019)

Biological computing prototypes don't often leave the con nes of research laboratories, which limits their immersion into real-world applications and hinders our abilityto fully understand their potential. Such a situation is usually a result of the volatilenature of the substrate and the resources and expertise required to implement theprototype. In this paper, we introduce the `PhyBox': a programmable interface forharnessing biological memristors. PhyBox is a step towards providing non-experts,D.I.Y. prototyping enthusiasts, and engineers with an accessible platform for experimenting with biological processing using memristors. This paper serves as precursor to making such a system publicly available. The system builds on our previous work into developing convenient methods of harnessing the myxomycete Physarum polycephalum as a memristive component. Over the past decade, this organism has proven to be an accessible addition to the eld of Unconventional Computing. PhyBox utilises a Raspberry Pi and a selection of inexpensive breakout boards to create a standalone system that is cased in a 3D printed box to provide robust portability. Within the paper, we provide details on the device's hardware, software, and testing. We also demonstrate the deployment of the system in a creative musical application.
Structural study of acetogenins by tandem mass spectrometry under high and low collision energy (2010)

Collision-induced dissociation experiments of seven annonaceous acetogenins were carried out under high and low collision energy conditions. Each compound was studied as protonated or deprotonated and lithium- or sodium- cationized molecules, using ElectroSpray Ionisation (ESI) with a hybrid linear trap/orbitrap mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap®). The same ion species were studied with a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionisation (MALDI) tandem mass spectrometer in a high collision energy regime (1 or 2 keV). Although each of the techniques showed some limitations in the detection of functional groups, unambiguous structural identification of the acetogenins was obtained. MALDI ToF-ToF has the advantage over ESI-based methods to provide mass spectra rich in informative fragments which allows the confirmation of some functional groups position. By contrast, ESI-LTQ-Orbitrap® analysis has the advantage over MALDI that the mass spectra are relatively simple with only fragments close to the functional groups. However, this technique needs to carry out experiments both in negative and positive ionization modes. Copyri
The Mechanisms of Tsunami Amplification and the Earthquake Source of the 2021 M7 Acapulco, Mexico, Earthquake (2022)

Here we show a slip model for the 2021 M7 Acapulco, Mexico, earthquake produced by inversion of strong motion, GNSS, tide gauge, and InSAR data. The earthquake occurs within the Guerrero gap, identified as a region of concern for its seismogenic potential and paucity of large events. We find that rupture was compact, constrained to depths between 10 and 20 km and consistent of two main slip patches. The slip model leaves a broad swath of the megathrust unbroken. Whether the event signals a reactivation of large earthquakes in the region remains unknown. We find that tide gauge recordings inside Acapulco Bay for the M7 1962 earthquake and the 2021 event are strikingly similar, we interpret this as weak evidence that 2021 is a repeat of 1962. We also produce a high resolution hydrodynamic model of the resulting tsunami using the slip model as initial condition and place special emphasis in understanding the long duration (~17 hr) of waves inside the bay. We find that simple bay resonance alone does not account for the features of the event. Rather it is a complex interaction with shelf modes and edge waves which continuously re-excite the bay resonance that leads to the protracted tsunami disturbances. Furthermore, we find that significant currents in excess of 1 m/s occur in localized portions of the bay even when wave amplitudes remain small.
Aqueous Nanoparticle Polymer Solar Cells: Effects of Surfactant Concentration and Processing on Device Performance (2017)

Polymer solar cells based on PDPP5T and PCBM as donor and acceptor materials, respectively, were processed from aqueous nanoparticle dispersions. Careful monitoring and optimization of the concentration of free and surface-bound surfactants in the dispersion, by measuring the conductivity and ζ-potential, is essential to avoid aggregation of nanoparticles at low concentration and dewetting of the film at high concentration. The surfactant concentration is crucial for creating reproducible processing conditions that aid in further developing aqueous nanoparticle processed solar cells. In addition, the effects of adding ethanol, of aging the dispersion, and of replacing [60]PCBM with [70]PCBM to enhance light absorption were studied. The highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) obtained are 2.0% for [60]PCBM and 2.4% for [70]PCBM-based devices. These PCEs are limited by bimolecular recombination of photogenerated charges. Cryo-TEM reveals that the two components phase separate in the nanoparticles, forming a PCBM-rich core and a PDPP5T-rich shell and causing a nonoptimal film morphology.
Combined experimental and theoretical studies on the photophysical properties of cycloparaphenylenes (2012)

We studied the UV-vis absorption and fluorescence in solution/solid states of [n]cycloparaphenylene ([n]CPP: n = 9, 12, 14, 15, and 16), and conducted theoretical studies to better understand the experimental results. The representative experimental findings include (i) the most intense absorption maxima (λ(abs1)) display remarkably close values (338-339 nm), (ii) the longest-wavelength absorption maxima (λ(abs2)) are blue-shifted with increasing the ring size (395 → 365 nm), (iii) the emission maxima (λ(em)) are blue-shifted with increasing the ring size (494 → 438 nm for longest-wavelength maxima), (iv) the fluorescent quantum yields (Φ(F)) in solution are high (0.73-0.90), (v) the fluorescence lifetimes (τ(s)) of [9]- and [12]CPP are 10.6 and 2.2 ns, respectively, and (vi) the Φ(F) values slightly increase in polymer matrix but significantly decrease in the crystalline state. According to TD-DFT calculations, the longest-wavelength absorption (λ(abs2)) corresponds to a forbidden HOMO → LUMO transition and the most intense absorption (λ(abs1)) corresponds to degenerate HOMO - 1 → LUMO and HOMO → LUMO + 1 transitions with high oscillator strength. The interesting and counterintuitive optical properties of CPPs (constant λ(abs1) and blue shift of λ(abs2)) could be ascribed mainly to the ring-size effect in frontier molecular orbitals (in particular the increase of the HOMO-LUMO gap as the number of benzene rings increases). On the basis of comparative calculations using hypothetical model geometries, we conclude that the unique behavior of HOMO and LUMO of CPPs is due mainly to their lack of a conjugation length dependence in combination with a significant bending effect (particularly to HOMO) and a torsion effect (particularly to LUMO).
A Parallel GA-EDA Hybrid Algorithm for History-Matching (2012)

Abstract To make prudent decisions regarding the exploitation and management of hydrocarbon reservoirs, we need to carry out history matching, a process for conditioning the reservoir simulation model to observation data collected over time. History matching is an inverse problem which requires an optimisation technique to match the simulation results to the measurements. Many techniques have been applied to address this optimisation problem effectively and in efficient time since reservoir simulation runs are computationally expensive. Genetic algorithms (GAs) and Estimation of Distribution Algorithms (EDAs) are two popular types of evolutionary algorithms. In GAs, new candidate solutions are obtained by applying crossover and mutation operators to a population of feasible solutions according to the principle of ‘survival of the fittest’ in natural evolution. The Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) is a modern class of EA in which new candidate solutions are generating by sampling from a probability distribution inferred from the better members of the population. A suitable hybrid of the GA and EDA algorithms can combine beneficial characteristics from each of GA and EDA, while addressing each other’s sources of inefficiency. The main difference between these two EAs is the way they generate new individuals, which results in different exploration/exploitation properties. GAs may sample bad representatives of good search regions and good representatives of bad regions, while the EDA may suffer from fitting a single probability distribution to diverse and distinct regions of good solutions. The hybrid algorithm performs a cooperative search that improves the exploitation and the exploration power of both algorithms. In this paper, we applied GA, EDA, and a new hybrid GA-EDA algorithm to optimisation of three cases, a test function, the IC-Fault synthetic reservoir model, and one real reservoir, Teal South. The results show that each of these algorithms can be used for exploring the parameter search space in history matching problem. Depending on the problem type, GA, EDA, and Hybrid GA-EDA can achieve good quality matches while they perform a global seach in the space.
Kinetics of Rapid High-Temperature Reactions:  Titanium−Nitrogen System (1999)

We have developed a computer-assisted electrothermography method to determine the intrinsic kinetics of reactions under conditions similar to those realized during combustion synthesis of materials. In this method, metal wires are heated in a reactive gas atmosphere in a controlled manner by passing electric current, and when time-dependence characteristics of electric power applied to the wire are measured, the reaction kinetics can be extracted. To illustrate the technique, it is applied to investigate the kinetics and other features associated with the reaction of titanium with nitrogen at 1 atm of pressure. The temperature range 1400−2300 K and heating rates 104−105 K/s are studied. It is shown that at temperatures below the melting point of titanium, the reaction follows a parabolic rate law, corresponding to a sharp-interface model with nitrogen diffusion through the developing titanium nitride layer as the rate-controlling step. The obtained activation energy value (230 kJ/mol) is in good agreement with this model. At higher temperatures, however, the reaction mechanism is different because of faster diffusion of nitrogen in molten titanium. In addition, the reaction rate is shown to depend strongly on the heating rate and on the heat pretreatment of titanium.
Performances and potentialities of a very simple self-compensated pressure sensor demonstrator (1999)

A pressure sensor demonstrator has been designed and mounted using a simple analog-digital BiCMOS converter and a capacitive silicon-Pyrex sensing cell. The measurements as a function of pressure and temperature have enabled the authors to evaluate the efficiency of a ratiometric scheme to self-compensate thermal drifts and nonlinearities. The best demonstrator is characterized by a thermal coefficient of offset smaller than 20 ppm/K and a nonlinearity lower than or equal to /spl plusmn/1.2% FS. The essential features of the sensor have been modeled by a simple analytical expression. The model specifies the potential gains in pressure sensitivity and nonlinearity. The best design is based on a quasisymmetrical architecture in which stray capacitors are minimized. This study demonstrates the feasibility of self-compensated capacitive sensors characterized by an overall accuracy of the order of a few percent of the measurement scale over a temperature range of 100 K at very low cost.
Oregon's Measure 110: Principles and Metrics for Effective Evaluation (2022)

In November 2020, Oregon voters passed an historic measure to decriminalize possession of small amounts of all drugs and invest substantially in healthcare, substance use disorder treatment, and harm reduction and social services for people who use drugs. Already several jurisdictions across the U.S. are looking to replicate and improve upon Measure 110 (M110 also known as the Drug Addiction Treatment and Recovery Act of 2020), and there is broad interest in evaluating the impact of the measure. Too often, however, researchers neglect to consult with people on the ground who are directly impacted by policy changes when they craft their evaluations. The failure to do so can lead to evaluations that ask the wrong questions, do not answer questions of interest to the community, or fail to take into account significant confounding variables and complexities that can affect outcomes. In addition, some evaluators focus on outcome measures but never look at how the implementation of a policy (or the failure to implement it fully) impacts those outcomes. High quality evaluations will address how M110 is being operationalized, outcomes linked to those activities, and how the broader context may or may not affect those outcomes. To encourage thoughtful policy evaluations, we describe how M110 changes existing laws related to unregulated substances, and then provide evaluation principles and candidate metrics derived from interviews with people who use drugs (PWUD) in Oregon and our working group.