gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety-aware Adaptive Reinforcement Learning with Applications to Brushbot Navigation (2018)

This paper presents a safety-aware learning framework that employs an adaptive model learning method together with barrier certificates for systems with possibly nonstationary agent dynamics. To extract the dynamic structure of the model, we use a sparse optimization technique, and the resulting model will be used in combination with control barrier certificates which constrain feedback controllers only when safety is about to be violated. Under some mild assumptions, solutions to the constrained feedback-controller optimization are guaranteed to be globally optimal, and the monotonic improvement of a feedback controller is thus ensured. In addition, we reformulate the (action-)value function approximation to make any kernel-based nonlinear function estimation method applicable. We then employ a state-of-the-art kernel adaptive filtering technique for the (action-)value function approximation. The resulting framework is verified experimentally on a brushbot, whose dynamics is unknown and highly complex.
Comparison of breath gases, including acetone, with blood glucose and blood ketones in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (2014)

Previous studies have suggested that breath gases may be related to simultaneous blood glucose and blood ketone levels in adults with type 2 and type 1 diabetes. The aims of this study were to investigate these relationships in children and young people with type 1 diabetes in order to assess the efficacy of a simple breath test as a non-invasive means of diabetes management. Gases were collected in breath bags and measurements were compared with capillary blood glucose and ketone levels taken at the same time on a single visit to a routine hospital clinic in 113 subjects (59 male, age 7 years 11 months-18 years 3 months) with type 1 diabetes. The patients were well-controlled with relatively low concentrations of the blood ketone measured (β hydroxybutyrate, 0-0.4 mmol l(-1)). Breath acetone levels were found to increase with blood β hydroxybutyrate levels and a significant relationship was found between the two (Spearman's rank correlation ρ = 0.364, p < 10(-4)). A weak positive relationship was found between blood glucose and breath acetone (ρ = 0.16, p = 0.1), but led to the conclusion that single breath measurements of acetone do not provide a good measure of blood glucose levels in this cohort. This result suggests a potential to develop breath gas analysis to provide an alternative to blood testing for ketone measurement, for example to assist with the management of type 1 diabetes.
Phathalocyaninato(2--)chromium(III)phosphinates (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhathalocyaninato(2--)chromium(III)phosphinatesE. G. Meloni, L. R. Ocone, and B. P. BlockCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 2, 424–425Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50048a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50048a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of light absorber on micro stereolithography parts (2012)

This thesis reports the results of an investigation of the effects of adding Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 to PIC-100 acrylate resin on such important parameters as cure depth, critical energy, part density, dimension accuracy and surface quality. Initially, an experimental investigation was carried out to characterise the cure depth of resin after the addition of Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 in five different concentrations using a white light microscope. The investigation has shown that increasing Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 concentration reduces cure depth thickness and increases critical energy; it also found that increasing Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 concentration increased the density of the fabricated parts but significantly reduced the tensile strength. The influence of different concentrations of Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 in PIC-100 acrylate resin on the accuracy of the fabricated parts was investigated, and it was shown that increasing the proportion of Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 from 0.1% to 1% (w/w) caused a significant increase in dimensional . The accuracy of Jacobs’ cure depth model in predicting cure depth after the addition of Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 was investigated by comparing measured cure depth and predicted results using Jacobs’ model. The results show that Jacobs’ model does not keep pace with the changes that occur in the PIC-100 photo polymerisation process with changes in material characteristics due to the addition of Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327. Jacobs’ cure model was adapted using two empirically derived constants to accurately predict the cure depth. Finally, a parametric optimisation process was performed using the PARETO multi objective optimisation function of Matlab 2010. For 1% Tinuvin\\(\\char{msam10}{0x72}\\)327 concentration and an irradiation level of 750mW/dm\\(^2\\), the optimum exposure time was found to be 10 seconds.
ECC design for fault-tolerant crossbar memories: A case study (2010)

Crossbar memories are promising memory technologies for future data storage. Although the memories offer trillion-capacity of data storage at low cost, they are expected to suffer from high defect densities and fault rates impacting their reliability. Error correction codes (ECCs), e.g., Redundant Residue Number System (RRNS) and Reed Solomon (RS) have been proposed to improve the reliability of memory systems. Yet, the implementation of the ECCs was usually done at software level, which incurs high cost. This paper analyzes ECC design for fault-tolerant crossbar memories. Both RS and RRNS codes are implemented and experimentally compared in terms of their area overhead, speed and error correction capability. The results show that the encoder and decoder of RS requires 7.5× smaller area overhead and operates 8.4× faster as compared to RRNS. Both ECCs has fairly similar error correction capability.
Practical Considerations for a Digital Inductive-Switching DC/DC Converter With Direct Battery Connect in Deep Sub-Micron CMOS (2012)

This paper describes design considerations for a digital inductive-switching DC/DC converter suitable for direct battery connection in a deep sub-micron CMOS process. Digital control techniques and robust circuit design methods take advantage of the advanced process technology while avoiding the barriers to direct battery connection and high efficiency, high power density voltage conversion. The approach is verified on a prototype converter, implemented in 40 nm standard bulk CMOS. The design achieves a peak efficiency of 95% for an input range of up to 5.5 V. The transient response is optimized for typical mobile SoC operating conditions and achieves step response times as fast as 35 μs/V under load.
Localized Vibrations of Atomic Hydrogen in CaF2 (1968)

The infrared (ir) absorption spectrum of Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ containing hydrogen has been measured over the range 590-2000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. A strong, sharp line observed at 640\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ has been assigned to the localized mode of vibration associated with the interstitial neutral hydrogen atoms. The concentration of atomic hydrogen in the Ca${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ has been determined using both ir absorption and ESR absorption techniques. The measured concentration of 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{19}$/${\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$, together with the observed integrated absorption of the 640-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ line of 73 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$, indicates that the hydrogen-atom defect has an "apparent charge," as defined by Leigh and Szigeti, of 0.07 electrons. The observed localized-mode frequency has been compared with the result of an ab initio calculation of the interaction between the hydrogen defect and its eight fluoride neighbors. This calculation began with a Hartree-Fock-Roothaan self-consistent-field molecular-orbital calculation of the energy of an H${\mathrm{F}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ molecule. A localized-mode frequency of 560 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ was obtained, in fair agreement with the observed frequency.
Strategies in the Discovery of Novel Antifungal Scaffolds (2016)

The development of next-generation antifungal agents with novel chemical scaffolds and new mechanisms of action is vital due to increased incidence and mortality of invasive fungal infections and severe drug resistance. This review will summarize current strategies to discover novel antifungal scaffolds. In particular, high-throughput screening, drug repurposing, antifungal natural products and new antifungal targets are focused on. New scaffolds with validated antifungal activity, their discovery and optimization process as well as structure-activity relationships are discussed in detail. Perspectives that could inspire future antifungal drug discovery are provided.
Isolation of a Human Rotavirus Strain with a Super-Short RNA Pattern and a New P2 Subtype (1999)

Super-short rotavirus strains that have a rearranged gene segment 11 are rarely found in humans, and only five isolates, all from Southeast Asia, have been described in the literature. We report the first isolation in Japan from an infant with severe diarrhea of a rotavirus possessing a super-short RNA pattern. This strain, designated AU19, had a G1 VP7 and is also the first isolate in Japan that possesses a P2[6] VP4. Furthermore, the P2[6] VP4 carried by AU19 was divergent in the hypervariable region of the amino acid sequence from the P2A[6] VP4s carried by asymptomatic neonatal strains or from the P2B[6] VP4 carried by porcine rotavirus strain Gottfried. Thus, AU19 is likely to represent a new VP4 subtype, which we propose to call P2C. Given the recent emergence of the P2[6] VP4s in India, Brazil, and the United States and the role of VP4 in protective immunity, further scrutiny is justified to see whether the emergence of the previously underrepresented P2[6] VP4 serotype is related to this new P2 subtype.
P-P24 Optimising post-operative nutrition in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy (2021)

Abstract Background A considerable number of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy require supplemental nutrition in the postoperative period. However, there remains no national consensus on the optimal postoperative supplemental feeding modality. Furthermore, at our institution a variation in practice exists when considering post-operative entera (via the naso-jejunal (NJ)) or parenteral nutrition (PN). This study aimed to evaluate the utility of post-operative enteral or parenteral nutrition at our centre and to explore risk factors predisposing patients to post-operative nutritional deficits requiring supplementation. Methods We retrospectively analysed the electronic case records of all patients undergoing a pancreaticoduodenectomy between November 2019 and November 2020 at our HPB specialist centre. Key patient demographic data and post-operative nutritional requirements with route, length and indication for supplemental feeding as well as biochemical markers, length of stay (LoS) and complications were collected and analysed. Data were analysed via intention to treat analysis. Results 48 patients underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy, of which 26 had an NJ tube inserted intra-operatively. 16 (33%) patients required supplemental feeding, via NJ route in 7 and PN in 9. 2 patients were intolerant to NJ feeds and progressed to PN. NJ fed patients had shorter LoS (12(10-42) vs. 28(14-63) days)(p = 0.09) compared to PN feeding. PN-related line infection or thrombosis in 4 (36%) patients. Supplemental feeding met daily kcal requirements in 13 (81%) patients, but PN was associated with greater weight loss (-5%) than NJ feeding (-3%). Significantly increasing the risk of needing supplemental nutrition: advanced age(p = 0.04), ASA≥2(p = 0.04) and anastomotic leak(p = 0.02). Conclusions In this group of patients, NJ feeding was largely well-tolerated and the majority of patients met their required daily kcal via this route. Due to the increased incidence of complications associated with PN, NJ feeding should be considered as the 1st line option for post-operative nutritional supplementation, with intra-operative insertion of an NJ tube considered for higher-risk patients.
Metal–organic coordination polymers for delivery of immunomodulatory agents, and infectious disease and cancer vaccines (2023)

Metal-organic coordination polymers (CPs) are a broad class of materials that include metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). CPs are highly ordered crystalline materials that are composed of metal ions (or metal ion clusters) and multidentate organic ligands that serve as linkers. One-, two-, and three-dimensional CPs can be formed, with 2D and 3D structures referred to as MOFs. CPs have gained a lot of attention due to attractive structural features like structure versatility and tunability, and well-defined pores that enable the encapsulation of cargo. Further, CPs show a lot of promise for drug delivery applications, but only a very limited number of CPs are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. In this review, we outlined features that are desired for CP-based drug delivery platform, and briefly described most relevant characterization techniques. We highlighted some of the recent efforts directed toward developing CP-based drug delivery platforms with the emphasis on vaccines against cancer, infectious diseases, and viruses. We hope this review will be a helpful guide for those interested in the design and evaluation of CP-based immunological drug delivery platforms. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Infectious Disease Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
TITANIA-COATINGS ON STRONGLY PASSIVATED SUBSTRATES (1989)

Titanium oxide can be deposited by pyrolysis of the corresponding alkoxide on metallic substrates after their preoxidation by water-vapor. To improve adhesion, the natural oxide film has first to be removed mechanically and/or chemically from the strongly passivated substrates, such as aluminium, titanium, alloys thereof, stainless steel and super-alloys. To completely remove the oxide film on AISI 316L stainless steel and similar alloys, chemical vapor etching is necessary. The preoxidation by water-vapor can then be replaced by a less intensive oxidation or, in the case of Ti-base materials, by a nitriding process. Substrates with high internal stress levels (e.g. after machining) may have to undergo previously a stress relieving treatment. The residual water-vapor in the process gas has a significant influence on the titania coating process (growth rate and powder formation) and on the resulting electrical resistance of the films. The control of residual humidity in the carrier gas and the gas system is of capital importance.
Ozone decomposition in concentrated aqueous solutions of salts (2008)

Effect of high concentrations of electrolytes (Na2SO4, NaCl, and NaNO3) on the rate of ozone decomposition in water was studied. The conversion kinetics of O3 dissolved in these solutions was analyzed. The rate constants of ozone decomposition were determined.
35 Hz-POWER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR LINEAR FLASHLAMPS (1992)

The paper reports on a pulse discharge system operated repetitively up to 35 Hz. The pulse discharge circuit contains two linear flashlamps in series, a thyratron and a pulse capacitor which is charged to a voltage up to 20 kV. The pulse has a duration less than 2 microseconds and a peak current of some kiloamperes. In order to keep the stress on the flashlamps small a two-stage simmer-system is used. The 14 kW-simmer-current supply is based on semiconductors and allows maximum currents of 7 A. It is capable to control a constant current in two modes. To ignite the flashlamps the simmer-current supply is able to generate a single voltage pulse. The paper discusses the design of the system and gives results obtained from tests so far.
Periosteal Hyperostosis (Exostosis) in DBA/1 Male Mice (2002)

Periosteal hyperostosis (exostosis) was identified in 5.9% (11/188) of DBA/1 male mice 10-14 weeks old used for collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) efficacy testing of immunomodulatory biologics. Mice with and without CIA in the affected limb, and also control and treated groups, were involved, with bilateral lesions in one mouse. Hyperostosis was characterized by circumferential and raised masses of variable location, length, and laterality, generally external to but occasionally breaching the periosteum of the metatarsals, metacarpals, tibia, femur, and humerus. Proportionally, the hyperostotic foci consisted of cancellous and woven bone, followed by osteoid, cartilage, and fibrous connective tissue and rarely inflammatory cells. A displaced, presumably pathological fracture with callus formation was a concurrent lesion in only one case. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive cells were frequent at bony interfaces, indicating an active resorptive process. Periosteal hyperostosis is an incidental and potentially common finding in DBA/1 mice. Underreporting may occur due to the male bias in disease expression of this CIA model, sampling bias (generally paws only), tissue obliteration in the presence of CIA, and lack of comprehensive historical data on the background and aging lesions in this strain of mouse. Identification of such confounding bony lesions is important to the interpretation of efficacy studies, and suggests the need to further examine the biology of bone development in this strain of mouse.
Validating the pre/post-test in a MOOC environment (2015)

A standard method for measuring learning is to administer the same assessment before and after instruction. This pre/post-test technique is widely used in education research and has been used in our introductory physics MOOC to measure learning. One potential weakness of this paradigm is that post-test performance gains may result from exposure on the pre-test instead of instruction. This possibility is exacerbated in MOOCs where students receive multiple attempts per item, instant correct/incorrect feedback, and unlimited time (until the due date). To find the size of this problem in our recent MOOCs, we split the student population into two groups, each of which received identical post-tests but different subsets of post-test items on their group pre-test. We report a small overall advantage (2.9% 1.7%) on post-test items due to pre-test exposure. However, this advantage is not robust and is strongly diminished when one obviously anomalous item is removed.
Synthesis, properties, and Anti-HIV activity of new lipophilic 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine conjugates containing functional phosphoric linkages (2013)

One of the approaches to enhance bioavailability of nucleoside reverse transcriptase HIV inhibitors consists in design of their prodrugs based on 1,3-diacylglycerols, which may simulate nature lipids metabolic pathways promoting the improvement of drug delivery to the target cells. Glycerolipidic AZT conjugates with different functional phosphoric centers were synthesized by H-phosphonate technique in the present work. Study of prepared prodrugs sensibility to the chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis (in buffer solution and under the influence of pancreatic lipase) and also study of their anti-HIV activity on the T-lymphoid human MT-4 cells in regarding to virus HIV-1(899A) strain were carried out.
Pasteurella haemolytica as a Co-Pathogen in Pullets and Laying Hens (1990)

Pasteurella haemolytica was isolated from internal organs of laying hens and pullets of four flocks in which five incidents of increased mortality had occurred. There was inflammation of the trachea in all cases, and infectious laryngotracheitis virus was identified in three of the incidents. Rapid response to antimicrobial therapy was seen in two out of three outbreaks in the pullets. P. haemolytica was regarded as a significant secondary invader in these cases.
Electrocardiographic effects of toluene in the anesthetized rat. (1986)

The influence of inhalation of near lethal quantities of toluene on some ECG parameters, as well as the possible cardiac sensitizing effect of the solvent, were determined in chloralose-anesthetized rats. These actions were compared with those of its close analogue benzene. Both solvents produced tachycardia; toluene increased the duration of QRS and specially PR, while benzene decreased P wave duration. No other systematic changes in ECG morphology or evidence of arrhythmia were observed. Toluene appeared to decrease the number of ectopic beats induced by epinephrine, in contrast to benzene, which increased it markedly. These results suggest that toluene administered by inhalation up to near lethal doses is devoid of untoward ECG effect in the chloralose-anesthetized rat, its only action being a decrease in intraventricular and particularly AV conduction. It does not share the myocardial sensitizing properties of benzene and in fact appears to elicit some protection from the arrhythmogenic effects of epinephrine, although no definite conclusions as to this action can be derived due to limitations in the experimental model used.
Preparation of Nanotextured and Nanofibrous Hydroxyapatite through Dicalcium Phosphate with Gelatin (2005)

Organized nanostructures of hydroxyapatite (HAp) were produced using a novel preparation route through the topotactic transition of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) containing gelatin molecules. A nanoscale texture of dicalcium phosphate (DCP) was formed by the dehydration of DCPD prepared in gelatin gel containing phosphate ions. A three-dimensionally oriented framework of HAp consisting of ca. 20 nm grains was prepared by a rapid hydrolysis of the nanotextured DCP with a sodium hydroxide solution. Nanoscale HAp fibers elongated along the c axis with a diameter of ca. 50 nm were also obtained by a moderate hydrolysis with ammonia water. The hierarchical architectures of the nanostructured HAp were successfully achieved by the phase transition associated with the specific interaction of the organic molecules.