gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2016 Oyster Reef Restoration Project Funded by the Aquatic Resources Mitigation Program (2017)

This report describes the results of the construction and initial monitoring phase of an oyster restoration project conducted in 2016 by the University of New Hampshire (UNH) and The Nature Conservancy (TNC), funded by the New Hampshire Aquatic Resources Mitigation Program. The overall goal of the project was to construct 5 acres of new oyster reef habitat in an area adjacent to a live natural reef northwest of Nannie Island, in the Town of Newington, NH, off Woodman Point. The report is organized according to the four major tasks listed as deliverables in the subaward to UNH from TNC.
Separation of requirements for protein-DNA complex assembly from those for functional activity in the herpes simplex virus regulatory protein Vmw65 (1989)

A transient expression system was developed which results in efficient synthesis of the regulatory protein Vmw65 of herpes simplex virus type 1 in eucaryotic cells. The gene for Vmw65 was linked to the cytomegalovirus immediate-early (IE) promoter-enhancer region in a plasmid containing the simian virus 40 origin of replication. When transfected into COS cells, Vmw65 was expressed from this vector in 25 to 50% of the cells, with total levels of the protein approaching 20% of those observed in infected cells. Vmw65 expressed in this system is functional for specific DNA-binding complex formation with the host cell octamer-binding protein TRF and for transactivation of IE gene expression. We therefore produced a series of carboxy-terminal truncated forms of Vmw65 to examine the structural requirements of the protein for these activities. Deletion of the acidic carboxy-terminal 56 amino acids had no effect on DNA-binding complex formation but completely abolished the ability to transactivate. Amino acids between residues 434 and 453, a region which exhibits a high negative charge, were critical for IE transactivation. In contrast, the requirements for complex formation are located entirely within the N-terminal 403 amino acids, and our results indicate a requirement for this activity for residues between 316 and 403. Together with our previous work, the results presented here indicate that recruitment of TRF into a specific DNA-binding complex on IE consensus signals is required but not sufficient for functional IE transactivation by Vmw65.
Characteristic impedance of multilevel, multiconductor hybrid mode microstrip (1989)

Two definitions of modal characteristic impedance for multiconductor, hybrid-mode microstrip are compared. The sensitivity of each to numerical inaccuracies is discussed. The plausibility of negative values of modal characteristic impedance is shown for two-mode (three-line) asymmetric geometries, and numerical results are presented for dual-plane, asymmetric, coupled microstrip.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A WLAN-used helical antenna fully integrated with the PCMCIA carrier (2005)

The invention presented here is to embed the helical antenna inside an ejector of a Personal Computer Memory Card International Association (PCMCIA) carrier. The detail dimension of this antenna has been well designed to operate at the frequency 2.45 GHz, which is employed for the wireless LAN application. A low-cost electromagnetic simulation package-WIPL-D, is used to simulate this complex electromagnetic environment where the carrier metal is modeled as well, in addition to the helical antenna itself. Measurements both of return loss and radiation patterns are made too to have a comparison with the results of simulation and to prove the design thoughts given by this paper. As a final evaluation, a PCMCIA carrier with the present design is installed into a Tablet PC to have a complete measurement.
The Szilard-Chalmers Reaction in the Chain-Reacting Pile (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Szilard-Chalmers Reaction in the Chain-Reacting PileR. R. WilliamsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1948, 52, 3, 603–611Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/j150459a020RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (450 KB) Get e-Alerts
Coal gel chemistry. (2) Coal liquefaction by binary solvent system (1988)

Although the importance of the accessibility of hydrogen donor solvents into the coal matrix has long been emphasized for the primary coal liquefaction of coal, not many efforts have been devoted to the study on the penetration mechanism of penetrants into coal, and developing practical devices for improving the accessibility. Recently, the authors developed a new method for accurately measuring both the dynamic and equilibrium solvent swelling behaviors of coal, and revealed that the coal behaved as a molecular sieve which discriminated among molecules diffusing into the pore system of coal on the basis of size, shape, and functionality. Based on their observations, tetralin is one of the penetrants which show a significantly low degree of penetration rate into coal matrix, probably because of its steric hindrance. Meanwhile during the investigation of the synergistic effect on the solvent swelling of coal in the binary solvent system, of which one component was less bulky than other, they also found that the steric requirement of coal could be released by forming Coal Gel under such a condition. Here they report the results of the study on the improvement of the accessibility of hydrogen donor like a tetralin into the coal matrix, andmore » the primary liquefaction of coal by using binary solvent systems.« less
Highly Conducting MXene–Silver Nanowire Transparent Electrodes for Flexible Organic Solar Cells (2019)

MXene, a new class of two-dimensional materials, offers a unique combination of metallic conductivity and hydrophilicity. This material has shown great promise in numerous applications including electromagnetic interference shielding, sensing, energy storage, and catalysis. In this paper, we report on the fabrication of transparent, conductive, and flexible MXene/silver nanowire (AgNW) hybrid films, resulting in the highest figure of merit (162.49) in the reported literature to date regarding an MXene-based transparent electrode. The hybrid films, prepared via a simple and scalable solution-processed method, exhibit good electrical conductivity, high transmittance, low roughness, work function matching, and robust mechanical performance. Following film fabrication, the hybrid electrodes were demonstrated to function as transparent electrodes in fullerene molecule PTB7-Th:PC71BM and nonfullerene molecule PBDB-T:ITIC organic photovoltaics (OPVs). In an effort to further improve the performance of flexible OPVs, a ternary structure of PBDB-T:ITIC:PC71BM was demonstrated, resulting in a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.30%. Mechanical properties were also quantified, with the flexible ternary organic solar cells capable of retaining 84.6% of the original PCE after 1000 bending and unbending cycles to a 5 mm bending radius. These optoelectronic and mechanical performance metrics represent a breakthrough in the field of flexible optoelectronics.
Intuitive interface through active 3D gaze tracking (2005)

Our interaction with machines is always severely constrained by unnatural interfaces such as mouse, keyboard and joystick. Such interfaces make it difficult for us to convey our ideas in order for computers to understand and perform our intended tasks. In this research, our aim is to build systems that use natural human actions as interfaces. In particular we exploit gaze to track a person's focus of attention. We present an active gaze tracking system that enables a user to instruct a robot arm to pick up and hand over an object placed arbitrarily in 3D space. Our system determines the precise 3D position of the object of unknown size, shape and color by following the person's steady gaze.
The Rate of Nitrogen Removal from Molten Steel by Reductive Gas (1988)

The fundamental study has been made on the rate of nitrogen removal from molten steel to gas phase with reductive gas injection and flushing. A fluid flow on the surface of molten, steel is observed in hydrogen gas flushing. Hydrogen gas increases the rate of nitrogen removal. The apparent rate constant approaches to the chemical reaction rate constant. It is considered that the fluid flow on the surface of molten steel caused by Marangoni convection increases the liquid mass transfer, and thus, the nitrogen removal rate.When CO is used as a reductive gas, partial pressure of CO, Pco, must be kept in a suitable range for each composition of molten steel, because silicon in molten steel is oxidized to silica by CO gas, and this oxide decreases the liquid-gas interface area for nitrogen removal from molten steel. The suitable CO partial pressure can be estimated by equilibrium calculation. The effects of gas flow rate on nitrogen removal with different gaseous materials in RH degassing equipment can be estimated from the results of the fundamental study.
Solution structure and synaptic analyses reveal determinants of bispecific T cell engager potency (2022)

Abstract Bispecific T-cell engagers (TcEs) link T cell receptors to tumor-associated antigens on cancer cells, forming cytotoxic immunological synapses (IS). Close membrane-to-membrane contact (≤13 nm) has been proposed as a key mechanism of TcE function. To investigate this and identify potential additional mechanisms, we compared four immunoglobulin G1-based (IgG1) TcE Formats (A-D) targeting CD3ε and Her2, designed to create varying intermembrane distances (A&lt;B&lt;C&lt;D). Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and modelling of the conformational states of isolated TcEs and TcE-antigen complexes predicted close-contacts (≤13 nm) for Formats A and B and far-contacts (≥18 nm) for Formats C and D. In supported lipid bilayer (SLB) model interfaces, Formats A and B recruited, whereas Formats C and D repelled, CD2-CD58 interactions. Formats A and B also excluded bulky Quantum dots more effectively. SAXS also revealed that TcE-antigen complexes formed by Formats A and C were less flexible than complexes formed by Formats B and D. Functional data with Her2-expressing tumor cells showed cytotoxicity, surface marker expression and cytokine release following the order A&gt;B=C&gt;D. In a minimal system for IS formation on SLBs, TcE performance followed the trend A=B=C&gt;D. Addition of close-contact requiring CD58 co-stimulation revealed phospholipase C-γ activation matching cytotoxicity with A&gt;B=C&gt;D. Our findings suggest that, when adhesion is equivalent, TcE potency is determined by two parameters: contact distance and flexibility. Both the close/far-contact formation axis and the low/high flexibility axis significantly impact TcE potency, explaining the similar potency of Format B (close-contact/high flexibility) and C (far-contact/low flexibility). Significance statement Bispecific T-cell engagers (TcEs) are immunotherapeutic drugs that trigger the destruction of cancer cells by linking T cells to cancer cell through specific surface molecules (antigens). We designed a series of TcEs with varying distances between their binding sites and flexibilities of the TcE-antigen complexes. By combining structural and functional analyses, we confirmed close-contact formation between T cells and cancer cells as a critical determinant, mediated by co-activating receptors. Furthermore, we also identified molecular flexibility of the TcE-antigen complex as a further critical parameter for TcE potency. These findings provide novel insights into TcE function and highlight the importance of both parameters for future research and the design of improved immunotherapies.
Nature, animalité : inventer de nouveaux récits (2019)

Débat avec Alexandre Lenot et Stéphane Durand sur le thème « Nature, animalité : inventer de nouveaux récits », animé par Anne de Malleray, Salon « Lire la Nature », Fondation François Sommer, Paris, 20 janvier 2019.
Determining the optimal configuration for the zone routing protocol (1999)

The zone routing protocol (ZRP) is a hybrid routing protocol that proactively maintains routes within a local region of the network (which we refer to as the routing zone). Knowledge of this routing zone topology is leveraged by the ZRP to improve the efficiency of a reactive route query/reply mechanism. The ZRP can be configured for a particular network through adjustment of a single parameter, the routing zone radius. We address the issue of configuring the ZRP to provide the best performance for a particular network at any time. Previous work has demonstrated that an optimally configured ZRP operates at least as efficiently as traditional reactive flood-search or proactive distance vector/link state routing protocols (and in many cases, much more efficiently). Adaptation of the ZIP to changing network conditions requires both an understanding of how the ZRP reacts to changes in network behavior and a mechanism to allow individual nodes to identify these changes given only limited knowledge of the network behavior. We demonstrate the effects of relative node velocity, node density, network span, and user data activity on the performance of the ZRP. We then introduce two different schemes ("min searching" and "traffic adaptive") that allow individual nodes to identify and appropriately react to changes in network configuration, based only on information derived from the amount of received ZRP traffic. Through test-bed simulation, we demonstrate that these radius estimation techniques can allow the ZRP to operate within 2% of the control traffic resulting from perfect radius estimation.
Insemination with Sex Sorted Fresh Bovine Spermatozoa Processed in the Presence of Antioxidative Substances (2007)

Flow cytometrically sex sorted spermatozoa are reduced in their fertilizing capacity, particularly when stored either in cooling extender or after freezing in liquid nitrogen. So far, preservation methods for sorted spermatozoa have differed only marginally from procedures used for unsorted semen. In the present study, a TRIS extender was modified to balance major cell damage caused by the sorting process and by liquid storage of the sorted spermatozoa. The new extender, containing a combination of antioxidants (AO) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), significantly increased the lifespan and fertilizing capacity of sex sorted spermatozoa. No significant differences were observed between unsorted controls and sorted samples for motility and status of sperm membranes as tested by fluorescein-isothiocyanat-peanut agglutinin/propidium iodide (FITC-PNA/PI). Acrosome integrity of spermatozoa was significantly better when semen was stored at 15 degrees C for 24 and 48 h in an extender containing AO with or without BSA as compared with controls (p < 0.05). There were no significant differences, in pregnancy rates of heifers inseminated at a natural oestrus, between unsorted controls (16/24, 66.7%) and both sorted groups (AO + BSA: 18/31, 58.1% and AO-BSA: 12/22, 54.5%). Additionally, it was shown for the first time that artificial insemination (AI) with liquid sexed bull spermatozoa stored for 72 h after sorting can result in pregnancy rates similar to AI with non-sorted semen.
Measurements of neutral currents and voltages on a distribution feeder (1997)

Neutral currents flow in four-wire distribution systems due to linear load unbalances and triplen harmonics associated with mainly the magnetizing currents of (distribution) transformers. It is known that high levels of neutral currents can lead to overloaded/burned neutral conductors, common-mode noise problems, derating of transformers and/or excessive voltage distortion. The proliferation of nonlinear loads which inject harmonic currents into the distribution system has brought more attention upon the levels of neutral currents and voltages found in distribution systems. To this end, this paper evaluates measurements taken on the neutral conductors of a distribution feeder at two different sites. The analysis of the measurements focuses on the magnitudes of the triplen-harmonic currents and voltages relative to their corresponding phase RMS values in order to separate the impact on the neutral conductors of nonlinear loads and linear load unbalances.
Maximum-likelihood time delay estimation: a new perspective (2002)

This paper introduces a new realization for maximum likelihood time-delay estimation. The new realization illuminates the relationships between maximum likelihood time delay estimation and other methods. We obtain the result by deriving the likelihood function using a fundamental method that, surprisingly, appears to be new to the field of array processing. This method is a natural complement to the Karhunen-Loeve transform having vector eigenfunctions and scalar eigenvalues, and it generalizes to M measurements, M/spl ges/2. Moreover, it can be applied to other multichannel estimation problems.
Direct Measurement of Auger Electrons Emitted from a Semiconductor Light-Emitting Diode under Electrical Injection: Identification of the Dominant Mechanism for Efficiency Droop (2013)

We report on the unambiguous detection of Auger electrons by electron emission spectroscopy from a cesiated InGaN/GaN light-emitting diode under electrical injection. Electron emission spectra were measured as a function of the current injected in the device. The appearance of high energy electron peaks simultaneously with an observed drop in electroluminescence efficiency shows that hot carriers are being generated in the active region (InGaN quantum wells) by an Auger process. A linear correlation was measured between the high energy emitted electron current and the "droop current"--the missing component of the injected current for light emission. We conclude that the droop phenomenon in GaN light-emitting diodes originates from the excitation of Auger processes.
Value of rapid staining and assessment of ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsies. (1988)

In a series of 160 ultrasonically guided fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies, immediate cytologic evaluation of each specimen's adequacy was performed using a rapid staining method. The number of passes was thus limited to what was strictly necessary in order to obtain sufficient material; the average number of passes was only 1.27 per patient. The total series of FNA biopsies had a sensitivity of 95.6%, a specificity of 100% and an overall accuracy of 97.3%. In addition, the cumulative accuracy after each pass was calculated. A significant increase in diagnostic accuracy was found only after the second pass; the third and the fourth passes gave little further improvement. The results indicate that a rapid evaluation of the aspirated material during ultrasound-guided FNA biopsy can reduce the number of punctures needed per case, resulting in less discomfort and, probably, a reduced likelihood of complications for the patient. The results also suggest that a maximum of two punctures will probably yield adequate diagnostic material in most cases.
piggyBac transposase tools for genome engineering (2013)

The transposon piggyBac is being used increasingly for genetic studies. Here, we describe modified versions of piggyBac transposase that have potentially wide-ranging applications, such as reversible transgenesis and modified targeting of insertions. piggyBac is distinguished by its ability to excise precisely, restoring the donor site to its pretransposon state. This characteristic makes piggyBac useful for reversible transgenesis, a potentially valuable feature when generating induced pluripotent stem cells without permanent alterations to genomic sequence. To avoid further genome modification following piggyBac excision by reintegration, we generated an excision competent/integration defective (Exc(+)Int(-)) transposase. Our findings also suggest the position of a target DNA-transposase interaction. Another goal of genome engineering is to develop reagents that can guide transgenes to preferred genomic regions. Others have shown that piggyBac transposase can be active when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. An Exc(+)Int(-) transposase, the intrinsic targeting of which is defective, might also be a useful intermediate in generating a transposase whose integration activity could be rescued and redirected by fusion to a site-specific DNA-binding domain. We show that fusion to two designed zinc finger proteins rescued the Int(-) phenotype. Successful guided transgene integration into genomic DNA would have broad applications to gene therapy and molecular genetics. Thus, an Exc(+)Int(-) transposase is a potentially useful reagent for genome engineering and provides insight into the mechanism of transposase-target DNA interaction.
Research Notes : United States : Response of soybean strains to DPX-F6025 in hydroponics (1987)

Introduction: Previous work with DPX-F6025 (2-(([(4-chloro-6-methoxy-pyrimidine-2-yl) amino carbonyl] amino sulfonyl)) benzoic acid, ethyl ester) found differential strain response to increasing rates in hydroponics (Lloyd, 1985). Hanson (1984) reported differential strain response to a single rate of metribuzin in soybeans when evaluated in a hydroponic system similar to one developed by Barrentine et al. (1976). With known agronomic changes in soybeans associated with herbicide treatments, this study was undertaken to study the agronomic effects of DPX-F6025 on a randomly selected group of soybean strains when evaluated in a hydroponic system.
EFFECT OF PLANT HORMONES ON THE PRODUCTION OF BIOMASS AND LIPID EXTRACTION FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM MICROALGAE Chlorella Sp. (2020)

The economic globalization and rapid energy depletion require alternative forms of energy which is more reliable, sustainable and renewable without causing adverse effects to the life forms. Microalgae are currently considered to be one of the most promising alternative sources for biodiesel and the application of phytohormones has also been considered a promising way to increase the production of lipid from microalgae recently. The present study is aimed to cultivate the algal species, Chlorella as a feedstock and the effect of various concentrations of phytohormones such as 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP), Gamborg’s b-5 vitamins, Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) was used for the production of lipid. The extracted lipid oils were then converted into methyl ester via the transesterification process. Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) relatively supported the maximum growth of 7.185 g/ ml and the lipid yield was 3.5g/ml. The GC-MS characterization showed many peaks corresponding to the fatty acid methyl esters. Among those Ethylbenzene, o-Xylene, Benzene,1,2,4-trimethyl and Decane peaks of hydrocarbons were found important in the biofuel production. The current study demonstrates that the phytohormone IBA accelerate the microalgae growth and also induce the production of lipid oils for biodiesel production.