gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD303 (BDCA‐2) signals in plasmacytoid dendritic cells via a BCR‐like signalosome involving Syk, Slp65 and PLCγ2 (2007)

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDC) are the main type I interferon (IFN-I) producers and play a central role in innate and adaptive immunity. CD303 (BDCA-2) is a type II c-type lectin specifically expressed by human PDC. CD303 signaling induces tyrosine phosphorylation and Src kinase dependent calcium influx. Cross-linking CD303 results in the inhibition of IFN-I production in stimulated PDC. Here, we demonstrate that PDC express a signalosome similar to the BCR signalosome, consisting of Lyn, Syk, Btk, Slp65 (Blnk) and PLCgamma2. CD303 associates with the signaling adapter FcR gamma-chain. Triggering CD303 leads to tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk, Slp65, PLCgamma2 and cytoskeletal proteins. Analogous to BCR signaling, CD303 signaling is likely linked with its internalization by clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Furthermore, CD303 signaling leads to reduced levels of transcripts for IFN-I genes and IFN-I-responsive genes, indicating that the inhibition of IFN-I production by stimulated PDC is at least partially regulated at the transcriptional level. These results support a possible therapeutic value of an anti-CD303 mAb strategy, since the production of IFN-I by PDC is considered to be a major pathophysiological factor in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.
Operation of Tunnel-Emission Devices (1961)

The operation of a new class of devices employing the principle of tunnel emission is discussed. It is shown that a controlled electron source may be obtained with the use of a metal-insulator-metal diode structure where the second metal layer is very thin. A triode geometry may be secured by the addition of an additional insulator and a metal collector layer. Limitations on the operating frequency, current density, and current transfer ratio of such devices are discussed. Experimental results on diode and triode are discussed. Experimental results on diode and triode structures which employ several materials are presented. Successful triodes and vacuum emitters have been realized with the use of Al2O3 insulating films. Experiments using Ta2O5 are described, and the results are discussed.
Processed Low NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; Fly Ash as a Filler in Plastics (2003)

Fly ash generated from low NO x burners at American Electric Power's Glen Lyn facility was beneficiated to remove residual carbon, magnetic particles, and cenospheres. The clean fly ash had a mean particle size of about 30 microns, which is coarser than typical commercial fillers used in plastics. To obtain a finer sized fly ash, air classification was used to separate the clean fly ash into its coarse and fine fractions. The resulting fine fraction had a mean particle size of 4.13 microns and accounted for 16.7 wt% of the total clean ash. The brightness of the clean ash was also less than that of typical commercial fillers and efforts to improve the brightness proved unsuccessful. The resulting fine ash was then coated with a silane coupling agent and then added to polypropylene, low density polyethylene, and high density polyethylene at various levels. These mixtures were in turn used to make tensile test specimens by injection molding. For comparison, a commercial CaCO 3 filler was also tested under the same conditions. The mechanical properties of these specimens were determined and the results show that the polymers containing fly ash as a filler have equivalent properties to those same polymers when commercial fillers are used in most cases.
Preparing a polystyrene‐functionalized multiple‐walled carbon nanotubes via covalently linking acyl chloride functionalities with living polystyryllithium (2004)

Abstract A new method was developed for preparing polystyrene‐functionalized multiple‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) through the termination of anionically synthesized living polystyryllithium with the acyl chloride functionalities on the MWNTs. The acyl chloride functionalities on the MWNTs were in turn obtained by the formation of carboxyls via chemical oxidation and their conversion into acyl chlorides. The polystyrene‐functionalized MWNTs had good dispersion in common organic solvents, and this indicated good compatibility for the preparation of styrenic nanocomposite materials. The synthesis results and characterization data for the functionalized MWNTs, collected via Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, solid‐state NMR, and electron microscopy, are presented and discussed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 5802–5810, 2004
2D/3D graphene on h-BN interlayer-silicon solar cell with ZnO:Al buffer layer and enormous light captivation using Au/Ag NPs (2020)

In this paper, systematic design and analysis of thin-film graphene-silicon solar cells with the addition of an anti-reflection coating (ARC), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) interlayer and decorated with Au/Ag NPs infused in rear ZnO:Al buffer layer is reported. The 3D NPs are located on the top and rear side of the solar cell. Initially, we simulated a reference 2D graphene-silicon solar cell with highest simulated short circuit current density (Jsc) 30mA/ cm<sup>2</sup> and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.65%. Using 2D and 3D full vectorial finite element method (FVFEM) simulations, we significantly improved the Jsc by 6.2mA/ cm<sup>2</sup> from 30mA/cm<sup>2</sup> to 36.21mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and PCE from 10.93% to 12.03%. We utilized a patterned graphene sheet with small nanoholes to increase surface and optical conductivity. Plasmonic NPs embedded in a graphene-silicon solar cell to increase plasmonic resonance effects is investigated. The 3D position of the patterned graphene, rear buffer layer stack, size, shape, and periodicity of NPs were well-controlled and analyzed under certain parametric variation conditions. Ag NPs located inside textured ZnO:Al detached to metal contact and small periodic Au NPs decorated beneath a h-BN interlayer lead to highly efficient light confinement and increase photon current generation. The proposed device exhibits 12.03% PCE, maximum light absorption over 80% and high overall quantum efficiency (QE). Furthermore, this structure offers major light trapping advantages, including significant EM light propagation throughout the solar cell structure.
Comparing Production and Efficacy of Cordyceps javanica With Cordyceps fumosorosea (2022)

A newly discovered entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps javanica (Friedrichs & Bally) Samson & Hywel-Jones (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) strain Wf GA17 was compared with the commercial Cordyceps fumosorosea Wize (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) Apopka 97 strain for liquid-culture production, formulation, insecticidal efficacy, and storage stability under laboratory conditions. We compared culture media with carbon:nitrogen (C:N) ratios of 10:1, 30:1, and 50:1 for these two isolates. A third strain, C. fumosorosea strain ARSEF 3581, had previously been optimized for liquid-culture production of blastospores at 10:1 C:N served as an added control. These seven cultures were processed by spray drying with skim milk powder, stored at 25oC to evaluate storage stability, and assayed for insecticidal activity against Trichoplusia ni (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) neonates. Final blastospore concentrations were not significantly different among cultures, ranging from 4.47 to 9.88 × 108 spores/ml. Fungal biomass decreased and final glucose concentrations increased with increasing C:N ratios, indicating better fungal growth with higher nitrogen concentrations. Product yields from the spray dryer (grams per liter culture) increased with increased C:N ratios while spore concentrations decreased, ranging from 2.27 to 7.17 × 109 spores/g. There were no significant differences for insecticidal efficacy among the seven treatments. Spores produced in 10:1 C:N ratio media retained viability longer than spores produced in other media. Cost of ingredients decreased with increasing C:N ratios, such that the 30:1 media may yield the most economical product. The raw material cost needed for application was 1.4× greater for Wf GA17 compared with Apopka 97, a difference that could be erased by optimization of culture conditions.
Interaction of Chlorine with Au−O Surface Complexes (2007)

Chlorine effectively improves the selectivity of catalytic partial oxidation reactions on Au(111). Here, scanning tunneling microscopy was used to visualize the dispersal and redistribution of Au islands stabilized by oxygen on the surface. The dispersal of Au islands also prevents the ordering of oxygen on the surface at room temperature. This dynamic interaction stems from the through-metal nature, for example, incorporation of gold atoms in the adsorbates. The change of oxygen spatial organization is used to explain one of the major mechanisms for chlorine promotion of olefin oxidation by Au.
Estimation of gas‐hydrate saturation using multicomponent seismic data (2005)

A seismic experiment was canied out in summer 2002 at the Hydrate Ridge to map the gas hydrate. Seismic wave velocities vary in the presence of gas hydrate and free gas in the sediments. Accuracy in the estimation of distribution and saturation of gas hydrates and free gas depends on the interval velocities of P‐ and S‐waves. We have canied out an interactive velocity analysis of P‐ and converted S‐waves in the tau‐p domain, which directly gives the interval velocities. Observed velocities are matched with modeled velocities to estimate gas hydrate saturation. P‐ and S‐wave velocities are modeled with a “Modified Wood equation” which is a modification of Wood equation with a rock physics model and an empirical relation, respectively. We present results from the multicomponent ocean bottom seismometer data recorded at the Hydrate Ridge, offshore Oregon. The P‐wave velocity is found to be more sensitive to the saturation of gas hydrates and free gas than S‐wave velocity. Gas hydrate is estimated to be upto 7% of rock volume (12% of pore space).
Thyroid Uptake of Liquid Versus Capsule 131 I Tracers in Hyperthyroid Patients Treated with Liquid 131 I (1999)

The amount of 131I used to treat hyperthyroid patients is based in part on the 24-hour thyroid uptake of a diagnostic amount of radioiodine (tracer). We compared the 24-hour uptake of an 131I tracer administered in liquid or capsule form to the 24-hour uptake of 131I therapy administered as liquid. Sixty-five hyperthyroid patients with Graves' disease were evaluated and subsequently treated with radioiodine. The liquid group (45 patients) received a liquid 131I tracer (1.85 MBq [0.05 mCi]) and the capsule group (20 patients) received a capsule 131I tracer (1.63 MBq [0.044 mCi]). Probe calibration factors were the same for the liquid and capsule 131I standards. All patients received therapeutic amounts of 131I [114.7-1106.3 MBq [3.1-29.9 mCi]) in liquid form. Therapy uptakes were obtained using the same collimated uptake probe modified with a calibrated lead shield to attenuate the high photon flux. The mean therapeutic uptake was the same for both groups (58%). The mean diagnostic uptake for the capsule group, however, was less than the mean diagnostic uptake for the liquid group (44% vs. 63%). The mean diagnostic uptake for the capsule group was significantly lower than the mean therapeutic uptake for this group (44% vs. 58%), whereas the mean diagnostic and therapeutic uptakes were similar for the group receiving a liquid tracer (63% vs. 58%). In conclusion, diagnostic uptakes performed with a liquid tracer more accurately predicted liquid therapy uptakes than diagnostic uptakes performed with a capsule tracer. This raises concern about the bioavailability of 131I in capsule form and has implications for determining the amount of 131I to administer for therapy. Patients whose 131I therapy was based on the uptake of a capsule tracer received a higher than intended amount of radiation to the thyroid gland.
Steady-State and Dynamic Mass Transfer of Gases in Porous Materials (1997)

The diffusion of binary gas mixtures through a porous asymmetric tubular membrane has been studied experimentally. A modified Wicke-Kallenbach diffusion cell consisting of two gas compartments separated by the membrane was used. Steady-state experiments with pure gases and binary mixtures were carried out in order to determine the transport parameters of the membrane with respect to the dusty gas model. To verify these parameters, the dynamic transport of binary mixtures was examined applying the dynamic diffusion cell technique proposed by Novak et al. The measured transients were in relative good agreement with the model predictions.
New approach for measuring migration properties of point defects in amorphous oxides (2014)

Amorphous oxides are key ingredients in electronic and optical devices. Such oxides include a variety of point defects that greatly affect their electrical and optical properties. Many of these defects are paramagnetic, and as such, the best tool to identify and characterize their structure is electron spin resonance (ESR). However, due to its limited sensitivity and spatial resolution, ESR cannot provide information about the defects' migration properties, which are of crucial importance for device fabrication. Ultra-high-resolution imaging modalities such as TEM, as well as theoretical calculations, are severely limited in amorphous media, resulting in a wide gap of knowledge in this field. Here, a novel method of ESR microimaging is applied for the first time to examine unique samples that are prepared using electron-beam irradiation and have well-defined point defects patterns. This provides a capability to unambiguously identify the defects and at the same time track their migration with high spatial resolution, revealing new information about their properties.
Modeling and analysis of digital linear dropout regulators with adaptive control for high efficiency under wide dynamic range digital loads (2014)

Discrete time digital linear regulators, including low dropout regulators (LDOs) have become competitive in muti-Vcc digital systems for fine-grained spatio-temporal voltage regulation and distribution. However, wide dynamic current range of the digital load circuits poses serious problems in maintaining stability and high efficiency at all corners. In this paper we present a control model for discrete time LDOs and demonstrate how online adaptive control can be employed for consistent performance and high efficiency across the load current range.
The International Pulsar Timing Array: second data release (2019)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we describe the International Pulsar Timing Array second data release, which includes recent pulsar timing data obtained by three regional consortia: the European Pulsar Timing Array, the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, and the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array. We analyse and where possible combine high-precision timing data for 65 millisecond pulsars which are regularly observed by these groups. A basic noise analysis, including the processes which are both correlated and uncorrelated in time, provides noise models and timing ephemerides for the pulsars. We find that the timing precisions of pulsars are generally improved compared to the previous data release, mainly due to the addition of new data in the combination. The main purpose of this work is to create the most up-to-date IPTA data release. These data are publicly available for searches for low-frequency gravitational waves and other pulsar science.
Axonal Transport, Phase-Separated Compartments, and Neuron Mechanics - A New Approach to Investigate Neurodegenerative Diseases (2018)

Many molecular and cellular pathogenic mechanisms of neurodegenerative diseases have been revealed. However, it is unclear what role a putatively impaired neuronal transport with respect to altered mechanical properties of neurons play in the initiation and progression of such diseases. The biochemical aspects of intracellular axonal transport, which is important for molecular movements through the cytoplasm, e.g., mitochondrial movement, has already been studied. Interestingly, transport deficiencies are associated with the emergence of the affliction and potentially linked to disease transmission. Transport along the axon depends on the normal function of the neuronal cytoskeleton, which is also a major contributor to neuronal mechanical properties. By contrast, little attention has been paid to the mechanical properties of neurons and axons impaired by neurodegeneration, and of membraneless, phase-separated organelles such as stress granules (SGs) within neurons. Mechanical changes may indicate cytoskeleton reorganization and function, and thus give information about the transport and other system impairment. Nowadays, several techniques to investigate cellular mechanical properties are available. In this review, we discuss how select biophysical methods to probe material properties could contribute to the general understanding of mechanisms underlying neurodegenerative diseases.
Helical Anchors for Combined Anchoring and Soil Testing in Lunar Operations (1998)

Recent experiments by the investigators have shown that practically sized helical anchors can provide significant resistance to uplift forces in the lunar simulant JSC-1. Properly scaled to account for differences in the gravity fields between the benchtop environment on Earth and the lunar surface, these experiments provide valuable insight into the likely behavior of anchors in uplift on the Moon. Preliminary results of these uplift experiments are presented and discussed. Further, installation torque was monitored during the installation of these augered-anchors, and these torque data appear to correlate with the soil strength, providing a consistent indication of soil strength with depth. Properly calibrated, these anchors might serve a dual purpose on a surface rover, providing stability during difficult maneuvers and simultaneously providing valuable information on the nature of the subsurface soils. These issues are discussed.
[Preservation of quality of life and its relation to lifestyle in centenarians in Japan: a visitation interview survey]. (2003)

Several lifestyle factors were found to be associated with preservation of QOL in centenarians in Japan. These results should facilitate establishing a public health and welfare policy for the most senior citizens, a group that has been increasing in Japan.
The influence of external surface potential and transmembrane potential on the passive transbilayer movement of phospholipids in the red blood cell membrane. (1996)

The passive transbilayer movement of spin-labelled analogues of phosphatidyl-choline (PC), phosphatidyl-ethanolamine (PE), and phosphatidyl-serine (PS) in red blood cell membranes was investigated at physiological and low ionic strength of the extracellular solution. Passive transbilayer movement of aminophospholipids PS and PE was measured in ATP-depleted cells. To discriminate between a possible surface potential and a transmembrane potential effect, NaCl in physiological ionic strength solution was replaced either by sucrose or by Na-tartrate (constant osmolarity). Neither in sucrose (low ionic strength) nor in Na-tartrate media a significant change of the translocation rate of the phospholipids was observed. From these results in can be concluded that changes of the external surface potential as well as of the transmembrane potential do not affect the passive transbilayer movement of phospholipids in human red blood cells.
Longitudinal Model Predictive Control with comfortable speed planner (2018)

Guaranteeing simplicity and safety is a real challenge of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), being these aspects necessary for the development of decision and control stages in highly automated vehicles. Considering that a human-centered design is generally pursued, exploring comfort boundaries in passenger vehicles has a significant importance. This work aims to implement a simple Model Predictive Control (MPC) for longitudinal maneuvers, considering a bare speed planner based on the curvature of a predefined geometrical path. The speed profiles are constrained with a maximum value at any time, in such way that total accelerations are lower than specified constraint limits. A double proportional with curvature bias control was employed as a simple algorithm for lateral maneuvers. The tests were performed within a realistic simulation environment with a virtual vehicle model based on a multi-body formulation. The results of this investigation permits to determine the capabilities of simplified control algorithms in real scenarios, and comprehend how to improve them to be more efficient.
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) plus Sorafenib Versus TACE for Intermediate or Advanced Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Meta-Analysis (2014)

The meta-analysis confirmed that the combination therapy of TACE plus sorafenib in patients with intermediate or advanced stage of HCC, can improve the OS, TTP, and ORR. This combination therapy was also associated with a significantly increased risk of adverse reactions.
A Copeptin-Based Classification of the Osmoregulatory Defects in the Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis (2014)

Hyponatremia, the most frequent electrolyte disorder, is caused predominantly by the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis (SIAD). A comprehensive characterization of SIAD subtypes, defined by type of osmotic dysregulation, is lacking, but may aid in predicting therapeutic success. Here, we analyzed serial measurements of serum osmolality and serum sodium, plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP), and plasma copeptin concentrations from 50 patients with hyponatremia who underwent hypertonic saline infusion. A close correlation between copeptin concentrations and serum osmolality existed in 68 healthy controls, with a mean osmotic threshold±SD of 282±4 mOsM/kg H2O. Furthermore, saline-induced changes in copeptin concentrations correlated with changes in AVP concentrations in controls and patients. With use of copeptin concentration as a surrogate measure of AVP concentration, patients with SIAD could be grouped according to osmoregulatory defect: Ten percent of patients had grossly elevated copeptin concentrations independent of serum osmolality (type A); 14% had copeptin concentrations that increased linearly with rising serum osmolality but had abnormally low osmotic thresholds (type B); 44% had normal copeptin concentrations independent of osmolality (type C), and 12% had suppressed copeptin concentrations independent of osmolality (type D). A novel SIAD subtype discovered in 20% of patients was characterized by a linear decrease in copeptin concentrations with increasing serum osmolality (type E or "barostat reset"). In conclusion, a partial or complete loss of AVP osmoregulation occurs in patients with SIAD. Although the mechanisms underlying osmoregulatory defects in individual patients are presumably diverse, we hypothesize that treatment responses and patient outcomes will vary according to SIAD subtype.