gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Temperature and Radiative Characteristics of Long-Lived Plasma-Vortex Formations by the Method of High-Speed Brightness Pyrometry (2020)

Plasma vortex rings in atmospheric pressure air are a poorly understood phenomenon. The large lifetime makes it possible to consider them as a high-efficient open source of optical radiation. The article presents the results of a study of the temperature and radiative characteristics of plasma vortex rings formed during pulsed injection of electric explosive plasma jets. A brightness pyrometry technique is used to study temperature fields. An analysis of the geometry of the vortex ring and the recorded temperature fields makes it possible to determine the emissivity of such structures and their true temperature.
Automatic Language Identification in music videos with low level audio and visual features (2011)

Automatic Language Identification (LID) in music has received significantly less attention than LID in speech. Here, we study the problem of LID in music videos uploaded on YouTube. We use a “bag-of-words” approach based on state-of-the-art content based audio-visual features and linear SVM classifiers for automatic LID. Our system obtains 48% accuracy for a corpus of 25000 music videos and 25 different languages.
STAT5-dependent regulation of CDC25A by miR-16 controls proliferation and differentiation in FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia (2020)

We recently identified the CDC25A phosphatase as a key actor in proliferation and differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia expressing the FLT3-ITD mutation. In this paper we demonstrate that CDC25A level is controlled by a complex STAT5/miR-16 transcription and translation pathway working downstream of this receptor. First, we established by CHIP analysis that STAT5 is directly involved in FLT3-ITD-dependent CDC25A gene transcription. In addition, we determined that miR-16 expression is repressed by FLT3-ITD activity, and that STAT5 participates in this repression. In accordance with these results, miR-16 expression was significantly reduced in a panel of AML primary samples carrying the FLT3-ITD mutation when compared with FLT3wt cells. The expression of a miR-16 mimic reduced CDC25A protein and mRNA levels, and RNA interference-mediated down modulation of miR-16 restored CDC25A expression in response to FLT3-ITD inhibition. Finally, decreasing miR-16 expression partially restored the proliferation of cells treated with the FLT3 inhibitor AC220, while the expression of miR-16 mimic stopped this proliferation and induced monocytic differentiation of AML cells. In summary, we identified a FLT3-ITD/STAT5/miR-16/CDC25A axis essential for AML cell proliferation and differentiation.
Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component 1 suppresses the p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote human pluripotent stem cell self-renewal (2018)

Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) is a multifunctional heme-binding protein involved in various diseases, including cancers and Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we generated two monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 108-B6 and 4A68 against surface molecules on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Here we show that PGRMC1 is the target antigen of both MAbs, and is predominantly expressed on hPSCs and some cancer cells. PGRMC1 is rapidly downregulated during early differentiation of hPSCs. Although PGRMC1 knockdown leads to a spread-out morphology and impaired self-renewal in hPSCs, PGRMC1 knockdown hPSCs do not show apoptosis and autophagy. Instead, PGRMC1 knockdown leads to differentiation of hPSCs into multiple lineage cells without affecting the expression of pluripotency markers. PGRMC1 knockdown increases cyclin D1 expression and decreases Plk1 expression in hPSCs. PGRMC1 knockdown also induces p53 expression and stability, suggesting that PGRMC1 maintains hPSC self-renewal through suppression of p53-dependent pathway. Analysis of signaling molecules further reveals that PGRMC1 knockdown promotes inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK-3β and increased expression of Wnt3a and β-catenin, which leads to activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The results suggest that PGRMC1 suppresses the p53 and Wnt/β-catenin pathways to promote self-renewal and inhibit early differentiation in hPSCs.
Risk of hematologic malignancies following radiation treatment for well-differentiated thyroid cancer in the United States over 37 years. (2014)

6633 Background: Radiation therapy (XRT) including radioisotopes (RI), radioactive implants (RAI) and external beam radiation (EBRT) are commonly used for treatment of well differentiated thyroid malignancies (WDTMs) – papillary and follicular. We investigated the risk of all secondary hematologic malignancies (SHMs) in a population-based cohort of patients (pts) with WDTMs treated with XRT. Methods: Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 17 registries were queried to identify a cohort of 52,121 adult pts with WDTM as the first primary cancer between 1/1973 and 12/2010 who had adequate follow up. To determine the risk of development of SHM at least one year after the diagnosis of WDTM, pts who received XRT were compared to those who did not. SHMs included leukemias, lymphomas and Multiple Myeloma (MM). Fine and Gray competing risk regression analysis was performed with SHM as a time-dependent endpoint and death from any cause, development of non-hematologic malignancy as the competing events. Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported. Results: The median age at WDTM diagnosis was 45 (range 18 - 100) years (yrs); most pts were Caucasian (82.4%); female (77%). 45% of patients were treated with XRT; of them 85% received RI or RAI, 4.9% received EBRT, 16.9% both and in 9.3% details were not specified. In total, 371 pts developed SHM after a median interval of 7.6 yrs (range 1- 37.2) from WDTM diagnosis: 178 pts developed lymphoma [Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (n=163); Hodgkin’s Disease (n=15)]; 124 pts developed leukemia [Acute Myeloid Leukemia (n=44); Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (n=34); Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (n=23)] and 68 developed MM. In multivariate analysis, XRT was associated with an increased risk of developing SHM vs. no XRT (HR=1.27; CI, 1.01 – 1.60, p=0.038). Among the XRT modalities, RAI or RI were associated with 32% increased risk (HR=1.32; CI, 1.02 – 1.71, p=0.037) vs. no XRT. Age (HR=1.39, p<0.0001), male gender (HR=1.39, p=0.004) and papillary histology (HR=1.43, p=0.044) were additional risk factors. Conclusions: XRT increases the risk for developing SHM by 27% in pts with WDTM, which is mainly attributable to 32% increased risk with RAI/RI.
MicroRNA-466 inhibits tumor growth and bone metastasis in prostate cancer by direct regulation of osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 (2017)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in cancer progression and metastatic initiation yet their importance in regulating prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis to bone has begun to be appreciated. We employed multimodal strategy based on in-house PCa clinical samples, publicly available TCGA cohorts, a panel of cell lines, in silico analyses, and a series of in vitro and in vivo assays to investigate the role of miR-466 in PCa. Expression analyses revealed that miR-466 is under-expressed in PCa compared to normal tissues. Reconstitution of miR-466 in metastatic PCa cell lines impaired their oncogenic functions such as cell proliferation, migration/invasion and induced cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis compared to control miRNA. Conversely, attenuation of miR-466 in normal prostate cells induced tumorigenic characteristics. miR-466 suppressed PCa growth and metastasis through direct targeting of bone-related transcription factor RUNX2. Overexpression of miR-466 caused a marked downregulation of integrated network of RUNX2 target genes such as osteopontin, osteocalcin, ANGPTs, MMP11 including Fyn, pAkt, FAK and vimentin that are known to be involved in migration, invasion, angiogenesis, EMT and metastasis. Xenograft models indicate that miR-466 inhibits primary orthotopic tumor growth and spontaneous metastasis to bone. Receiver operating curve and Kaplan-Meier analyses show that miR-466 expression can discriminate between malignant and normal prostate tissues; and can predict biochemical relapse. In conclusion, our data strongly suggests miR-466-mediated attenuation of RUNX2 as a novel therapeutic approach to regulate PCa growth, particularly metastasis to bone. This study is the first report documenting the anti-bone metastatic role and clinical significance of miR-466 in prostate cancer.
A Base Station Agnostic Network Slicing Framework for 5G (2019)

The major investment required to roll out new 5G networks has been partially overcome with the definition of a set of migration paths from current 4G deployments to full 5G NR standalone deployments. However, these migration paths, which reduce the time to market of 5G services and the initial investment, result in heterogeneous networks with higher complexity. In this article, we propose a base station agnostic framework for Network Slicing (NetSliC), a new virtualization layer that creates slices taking into account a set of specific constraints per BS. The proposed mechanism is able to effectively deal with these new network architectures by abstracting the complexity of BSs and slicing the network to guarantee the traffic requirements. It is shown that NetSliC can outperform the existing literature. For instance, NetSliC achieves around 67 percent average throughput gain and 16.6 percent baseband unit processing load reduction when compared to baseline scenarios.
The bioreactor landfill: Its status and future (2002)

The bioreactor landfill provides control and process optimisation, primarily through the addition of leachate or other liquid amendments. Sufficient experience now exists to define recommended design and operating practices. However, technical challenges and research needs remain related to sustainability, liquid addition, leachate hydrodynamics, leachate quality, the addition of air, and cost analysis.
Improving Silicon Photocathode Performance for Water Reduction through Dual Interface Engineering and Integrating ReS2 Photocatalyst (2022)

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting for H2 production is a possible alternative for fossil energy in the future. However, there exists three problems in PEC water splitting with the silicon (Si) photocathode: poor light absorption of the untreated Si substrate, bad stability in strong acid solution, and poor photocatalytic activity of Si. Here, a strategy of dual interface engineering and photocatalyst deposition is proposed to improve the PEC performance, which consists of fabricating black Si (b-Si) by reactive ion etching, depositing of TiO2 on the b-Si by atomic layer deposition, and growing ReS2 on top of the TiO2 by chemical vapor deposition. Owing to the suitable band alignment of b-Si, TiO2, and ReS2, the ReS2/TiO2/b-Si shows obviously enhanced PEC performance compared to b-Si, TiO2/b-Si, and ReS2/b-Si photocathodes. Results of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Mott–Schottky plot analysis demonstrate that the TiO2 layer plays an important role and the charge-transfer kinetics of the system is clearly improved. Transient photocurrent measurements indicate that the ReS2/TiO2/b-Si photocathode has the most remarkable photocurrent response. In addition, the ReS2/TiO2/b-Si photocathode also shows excellent stability after being operated for 25 h.
Structure-Based Design of Prefusion-Stabilized Filovirus Glycoprotein Trimers (2020)

Ebola virus causes severe hemorrhagic fever, often leading to death in humans. The trimeric fusion glycoprotein (GP) is the sole target for neutralizing antibodies and is the major focus of vaccine development. Soluble GP ectodomains are unstable and mostly monomeric when not fused to a heterologous trimerization domain. Here, we report structure-based designs of Ebola and Marburg GP trimers based on a stabilizing mutation in the hinge loop in refolding region 1 and substitution of a partially buried charge at the interface of the GP1 and GP2 subunits. The combined substitutions (T577P and K588F) substantially increased trimer expression for Ebola GP proteins. We determined the crystal structure of stabilized GP from the Makona Zaire ebolavirus strain without a trimerization domain or complexed ligand. The structure reveals that the stabilized GP adopts the same trimeric prefusion conformation, provides insight into triggering of GP conformational changes, and should inform future filovirus vaccine development.
Apport des techniques de biologie moléculaire en paléopathologie infectieuse (1998)

Résumé. — Le diagnostic historique des maladies infectieuses est limité. Le diagnostic de certitude doit être obtenu par la détection de l'agent pathogène, ou d'un de ses constituants spécifiques. Les techniques de la biologie moléculaire permettent la détection de séquences d'acides nucléiques spécifiques. Le choix du matériel et de la cible moléculaire sont des étapes cruciales. Les nanomoles d'ADN ancien doivent être amplifées après clonage, ou par amplification enzymatique pour permettre leur caractérisation par analyse de profils de restriction ou séquençage. Ces techniques ont permis le diagnostic rétrospectif de tuberculose, de lèpre et de peste et permettront l'étude de l'histoire des maladies infectieuses et de l'évolution de leur histoire naturelle.
Do Commercially Available Metal Salts Mediate Calixarene Formation via Hydrogen-Bonded Dimers? (2011)

In this article we report the first example of a Lewis acid promoted, one-pot, Brønsted acid free, high-yielding synthesis of the calixarene macrocycle from the “monomer” p-tert-butylphenol. We report that when a commercially available metal salt (Lewis acid) is incorporated within the calixarene-forming reaction, a certain amount of control over the size of the calixarenes produced can be gained. Although a detailed mechanistic rationale on how the macrocycle is assembled is unclear, what is evident from this work is that the metal cation, the counteranion, and the oxidation state of the salt employed are all important contributors to the outcome of the reaction process. Indeed, evidence to date suggests that a subtle “symbiotic” relationship exists between the metal cation, its oxidation state, and the anion that allows the efficient transformation of the “monomeric” p-tert-butylphenol into linear oligomers and, ultimately, into macrocyclic calixarenes. Athough the metal salt mediated process described herein is efficient and high-yielding, what is also fundamentally important is that a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of how the calixarenes are assembled be accrued. Searching for possible indicators or clues, we propose that oligomeric methylene-linked phenolic entities are initially formed and that these, we tentatively suggest, generate metal and/or anion hydrogen-bonded supramolecular intermediates. It is possible that the preorganization of the linear polyphenolic oligomers allows the formation of hydrogen-bonded structures which, critically, result in the formation of supramolecular assemblies that are subsequently “stitched” together, generating the p-tert-butylcalix[n]arenes (n = 4–9) in excellent yields. Substantiating the possibility that hydrogen-bonded entities are generated (and that these subsequently afford metal-templated assemblies), we make reference to a seldom cited 1962 Nature publication that reported the propensity of polyphenolic linear oligomers to form “well-defined intramolecularly hydrogen-bonded conformations”.
Comparison of Nozzle Throat Erosion Behavior in a Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor and a Simulator (2009)

The performance deterioration of solid-rocket motors caused by nozzle throat erosion becomes more severe with increased operating pressure from higher rates of heat and mass transfer from the core flow to the nozzle surface. Understanding of the rocket nozzle throat erosion processes and developing methods for mitigation of erosion rate can allow motor operation pressures to be substantially higher than those of the existing propulsion systems. Two test rigs have been utilized in the study of nozzle throat erosion phenomena for G-90 grade graphite; an instrumented solid propellant motor (ISPM) and a solid-propellant rocket motor simulator (RMS). The X-ray translucent nozzle assembly used for the RMS and ISPM allows the real-time imaging of the nozzle-throat station. It also has the feature for incorporating a nozzle boundary-layer control system (NBLCS) to mitigate nozzle-throat erosion rates. The RMS is a gaseous reactant combustor, allows for control of product species compositions, their flow rates, and combustor operating pressure. The erosion process of G-90 graphite was also evaluated in the ISPM using both non-metallized and metallized composite solid propellants. Tests conducted at operating pressures around 21 MPa showed greatly reduced nozzle throat erosion rate when the NBLCS was utilized. A dimensionless nozzle-throat erosion rate correlation was developed in terms of the effective oxidizer mass fraction, chamber pressure, Reynolds number, and relative boundary layer thickness. The correlation equation accurately predicts erosion rate data measured in the RMS and the ISPM for both non-metallized and metallized propellants over a wide range of operating conditions. The calculated erosion rates from the correlation showed agreement within ± 0.05 mm/s of the experimentally determined values.
Ultra-thin super absorbing photon trapping materials for high-performance infrared detection (2019)

The performance of mid- and long-wavelength infrared (IR) detectors is still restricted with the dark current characteristics and associated noise behavior. In this work, we propose reducing the dark current and related noise of the IR detectors to elevate high operating temperature and improve the detector quantum efficiency (QE), by using a thin absorption layer of IR absorbing materials like lead selenide (PbSe) and mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe). A photon bending and trapping mechanism based on integrated micro/nanoscale holes was employed to ensure high quantum efficiency despite using a thin absorbing layer. Using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, the effect of embedded hole arrays on the optical absorption enhancement of ultra-thin PbSe and HgCdTe has been investigated. The calculated optical absorptions in ultra-thin IR structures without holes were compared with that of similar structures embedded with hole arrays. The optical absorption in 2 &mu;m thick PbSe film without holes is less than 5% for 3-5 &mu;m mid-IR wavelengths. Although applying conventional anti-reflecting (AR) coatings leads to a slightly higher absorption, it can cause higher dark current due to increased surface traps. Integration of hole arrays in 2 &mu;m thick PbSe film has shown a significant optical absorption enhancement, up to 20% at 4.5 &mu;m wavelength. This is equivalent to more than 2- and 4-folds' enhancement compared to a 2 &mu;m thick flat-surface structure with AR and without AR, respectively. In addition, embedding the hole arrays in 1.2 &mu;m thick HgCdTe IR films enhances the optical absorption up to 75% at 4.5 &mu;m, which is more than 4 times higher than that in HgCdTe structure without holes. Additionally, the optical absorption in 1.2 &mu;m thick HgCdTe film with periodic array of photon-trapping micro-holes enhances to 27% at 10 &mu;m, long-IR wavelength. This is more that 3 times higher than that in HgCdTe films without holes. Our work revealed that the embedding hole arrays not only enhances the optical absorption in IR ultra-thin structures but also can reduce that material filling ratio to ~50%, which leads to a lower dark current, ensuring higher temperature operation of the IR detectors.
Birefringence Measurement of Thin Polymer Films under Tensile Stress by a Brillouin Scattering Method (2003)

A Brillouin scattering technique has been applied to investigate the ultra-drawing process of polypropylene films. The gradual elastic changes during the drawing process showed the appearance of anisotropy and birefringence of the sample. Devising the optical geometry of Brillouin scattering measurement, continuous changes of the birefringence during ultra-drawing were clearly observed. These data were compared with the data obtained using a polarizing microscope, which were acquired at specific points of the drawing process.
Synergistic effects of high molecular weight polyethylene oxide (PEO) and cationic cellulosic polymers on conditioning properties of hair care products [corrected]. (2004)

A hair cleansing composition containing both high molecular weight PEO and cationic hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) was found to provide superior conditioning performance. Hair treated with a formulation containing both cationic HEC and high molecular weight PEO showed 30% better wet combing reduction than the formulation containing cationic HEC only. In conjunction with PEO, cationic HEC-dependent deposition of silicone oil and octyl methoxycinnamate (OMC) onto hair was enhanced 27% and 25%, respectively. When examined with a polarized microscope, the appearance of the polymer-surfactant complex (coacervate) of the diluted formation differed in the presence of PEO. In particular, the particle size of the coacervate in the formulation containing both PEO and cationic HEC was smaller. This result indicates PEO reduces the size of the deposition precipitate by preventing the coacervate from agglomerating. Surface analysis also showed that the presence of PEO in formulations containing cationic HEC deposited insoluble actives more evenly on the hair surface.
Characterization of magnetizing process for pre-embossed servo pattern of plastic hard disks (1994)

Rigid disks which have pre-embossed servo patterns have been developed. These media make it possible to follow tracks less than 5 /spl mu/m pitch. The substrates are made from plastic; and pre-embossed servo patterns and discrete data tracks are made by a stamping technology similar to optical disks. To generate signals from pre-embossed servo patterns, the magnetization direction of the elevated pattern and recessed area must be opposing. Therefore, a two-step magnetization method has been developed. Based on experimental results, optimum conditions are met when the magnetization transition occurs at the upper edge of the patterns.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Structural basis of GSK-3 inhibition by N-terminal phosphorylation and by the Wnt receptor LRP6 (2014)

Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a key regulator of many cellular signaling pathways. Unlike most kinases, GSK-3 is controlled by inhibition rather than by specific activation. In the insulin and several other signaling pathways, phosphorylation of a serine present in a conserved sequence near the amino terminus of GSK-3 generates an auto-inhibitory peptide. In contrast, Wnt/β-catenin signal transduction requires phosphorylation of Ser/Pro rich sequences present in the Wnt co-receptors LRP5/6, and these motifs inhibit GSK-3 activity. We present crystal structures of GSK-3 bound to its phosphorylated N-terminus and to two of the phosphorylated LRP6 motifs. A conserved loop unique to GSK-3 undergoes a dramatic conformational change that clamps the bound pseudo-substrate peptides, and reveals the mechanism of primed substrate recognition. The structures rationalize target sequence preferences and suggest avenues for the design of inhibitors selective for a subset of pathways regulated by GSK-3. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01998.001.