gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decidable and Undecidable Questions About Automata (1968)

Four types of balloon automata (defined by one- or two-way input and deterministic or nondeterministic finite control) and closed classes of balloon automata were previously defined by the authors. A set of closed classes, one for each of the four types, is called a family if the classes use their infinite storage in the same way. The recursiveness and solvability of the emptiness problem for closed classes are investigated in the present paper. It is shown that in many cases the solvability of one of these questions for one closed class in a family implies that some other question are solvable for the closed classes of that family.
Perkin 1 Abstracts: Natural Product Synthesis (2000)

Perkin 1 Abstracts: Natural Product Synthesis aims to highlight syntheses that have been recently published. It includes brief descriptions of biological activity and key steps. A more comprehensive list of Natural Product syntheses and isolations can be found in Natural Product Updates.
Deploying Cisco Wide Area Application Services (2008)

Implement advanced WAN optimization, application acceleration, and branch virtualization with Cisco WAAS 4.1 This book brings together all the information you need to design and deploy scalable, transparent application acceleration, WAN optimization, and branch virtualization solutions with dramatically improved Wide Area Application Services (WAAS) 4.1 products from Cisco. Cisco WAAS insiders Joel Christner, Zach Seils, and Nancy Jin systematically cover new WAAS software enhancements that enable far better performance, simplified workflow, and improved manageability. They introduce powerful new solution components including application-specific acceleration techniques, hardware form factors, and virtualization. They also thoroughly explain recent architectural improvements that provide a solid foundation for future WAAS solutions. The authors begin by reviewing the underlying technologies that comprise todays Cisco WAAS solution. Next, drawing on extensive personal experience, they walk through collecting requirements, designing effective solutions, integrating WAAS into existing networks, and configuring WAAS 4.1 software. This book is replete with real-world implementation examples and case studies including extensive coverage of network, branch office, and data center integration. One step at a time, youll learn how to deploy Cisco WAAS in a scalable, transparent, and seamless fashion: one that addresses both your business and technical challenges. Thoroughly understand WAAS 4.1s capabilities, and learn how to use and manage it effectively Understand both the Cisco WAAS appliance and router-integrated network module hardware family Quickly deploy WAAS in lab or production pilot environments to quantify its potential benefits Size, design, and deploy Cisco WAAS for maximum performance and value in your enterprise network Compare and select design options for branch office and data center network integration Deploy the WAAS Central Manager and accelerator WAAS devices Implement centralized authentication, authorization, alarm management, monitoring, and reporting Configure WAN optimization with the Application Traffic Policy Manager Configure, verify, and manage application acceleration Leverage WAAS 4.1s powerful new branch office virtualization capabilities Quickly troubleshoot WAAS problems using Ciscos own best practices This book is part of the Networking Technology Series from Cisco Press, which offers networking professionals valuable information for constructing efficient networks, understanding new technologies, and building successful careers.
Distributed Frequency Control via Randomized Response of Electric Vehicles in Power Grid (2015)

In this paper, we propose a new distributed frequency control scheme for electric vehicles (EVs) to help restore the power grid frequency upon a contingency of supply-demand imbalance. Under our scheme, each EV independently monitors the grid frequency at discrete times and responds by switching among its charging, idle, and discharging operational modes according to a simple threshold-based switching algorithm. To recover the grid frequency smoothly and prevent an undesired frequency overshoot/undershoot due to simultaneous response of EVs, we design the inter-response times of any EV to follow an exponentially distributed random variable with a certain mean value at each operational mode. To draw insights into the performance of our scheme, we characterize its impacts on the grid frequency in various aspects, including the mean and variance of the resulting grid frequency over time, the mean frequency recovery time, the average number of EV switching their modes, and the probability of frequency overshoot/undershoot. Accordingly, we formulate an optimization problem for the grid operator to minimize the expected cost of implementing our frequency control scheme by designing EVs response rates subject to their requested incentive prices and the given grid performance guarantees. Finally, we validate our analysis via simulations on the IEEE 9-Bus test system and the Ireland power system, where it is observed that our frequency control scheme can be used as a reliable and cost-efficient alternative for the conventional primary reserve service.
A “Glutamatergic Hypothesis” of Schizophrenia (1989)

Deutsch, Stephen I.; Mastropaolo, John; Schwartz, Barbara L.; Rosse, Richard B.; Morihisa, John M. Author Information
High-Speed Resonant-Tunneling Diodes (1988)

This paper reviews some of the progress that has occurred recently in both the theory and performance of resonant-tunneling diodes. It begins by describing the present physical understanding of the resonant-tunneling process. Recent experimental advances in resonant-tunneling oscillators are then discussed, including the demonstration of oscillations at frequencies up to 200 GHz. To better understand these results, a detailed analysis is made of the mechanisms that limit the speed of this device. This analysis includes a calculation of the quasibound state lifetime, a determination of the device capacitance from the electrostatic band-bending, and an estimate of the negative differential conductance using two different methods. On this theoretical basis, a device structure is analyzed that could oscillate up to 600 GHz.
Introduction of 3′-Terminal Nucleosides Having a Silyl-Type Linker into Polymer Supports without Base Protection (2009)

New 3'-terminal deoxyribonucleoside-loading reagents having a silyl-type linker were developed. They were effectively introduced into polymer supports under the conditions of Huisgen [3 + 2] cycloaddition without base protection. Moreover, four unmodified DNA oligomers d[TACCTAAATCCAX] (X = T, A, C, and A) and a base-labile modified DNA 12mer d[A*C*T*C*C*GT*C*T*A*C*G] 16 (A* = 6-N-acetyl-8-aza-7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine, C* = 4-N-acetyl-2'-deoxyctydine, T* = 2-thio-T) were successfully synthesized by cleavage of the silyl-type linker using Bu(4)NF under neutral conditions in our N-unprotected phosphoramidite method. In this paper, we also report a new reaction of chlorination of cytosine base using 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
Innate Immune Responses and P. falciparum CS Repeat-Specific Neutralizing Antibodies Following Vaccination by Skin Scarification (2022)

The skin is the site of host invasion by the mosquito-borne <i>Plasmodium</i> parasite, which caused an estimated 229 million infections and 409,000 deaths in 2019 according to WHO World Malaria report 2020. In our previous studies, we have shown that skin scarification (SS) with a <i>P. falciparum</i> circumsporozoite (CS) peptide in the oil-in-water adjuvant AddaVax containing a combination of TLR 7/8 and TLR 9 agonists can elicit sporozoite neutralizing antibodies. SS with AddaVax + TLR agonists, but not AddaVax alone, elicited CD4+ Th1 cells and IgG2a/c anti-repeat antibody. To explore the innate immune responses that may contribute to development of adaptive immunity following SS, we examined the skin at 4h and 24h post priming with CS peptide in AddaVax with or without TLR agonists. H&E stained and IHC-labeled dorsal skin sections obtained 24h post SS demonstrated a marked difference in the pattern of infiltration with F4/80+, CD11b+ and Ly6G+ cells at the immunization site, with the lowest intensity noted following SS with AddaVax + TLR agonists. Serum collected at 4h post SS, had reproducible increases in IL-6, MIP-3α, IL-22 and IP-10 (CXCL10) following SS with AddaVax + TLR agonists, but not with AddaVax alone. To begin to decipher the complex roles of these pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines, we utilized IP-10 deficient (IP-10 -/-) mice to examine the role of this chemokine in the development of anti-repeat antibody response following SS. In the absence of IP-10, the levels of Th1-type IgG2a/c antibody and kinetics of the primary anti-repeat antibody response were reduced following prime and boost. The IP-10 chemokine, present as early as 4h post prime, may provide an early serological marker for rapid screening of adjuvant formulations and delivery platforms to optimize SS-induced humoral immunity to CS repeats as well as other pathogens.
An Easy-to-Use Histological Technique for Small Biological Samples of Senegalese Sole Larvae (2023)

Histological techniques are a traditional and essential tool for adequately comprehending cellular morphology and physiology in several scientific fields, including ecotoxicological studies. Although bioassays generally recommend using small test organisms, based on advantages such as low maintenance costs and the possibility of a higher number of replicates, the histological process of such organisms is still challenging due to the difficulty of handling them. The present study proposes an accessible protocol for performing the histology of a biological sample of 8 mm maximum length and using histopathological biomarkers in Senegal sole larvae for ecotoxicological tests. Eight-day old larvae of Solea senegalensis obtained from breeders’ natural spawns in cultivation conditions were submitted to histological processing by an adjusted protocol comprising fixation, agarose array pre-embedding, dehydration, paraffin embedding, slides’ preparation, and image analysis by light optical microscope coupled to a digital camera. Low-cost and easy-to-use alternatives were applied in the technique execution. The histological steps were detailed, and S. senegalensis morphological features were presented. This can be considered valuable background information for ecotoxicological studies where changes in cell morphology and physiology are expected.
Depth Map Coding Based on Synthesized View Distortion Function (2011)

This paper presents an efficient depth map coding method based on a newly defined rendering view distortion function. As compared to the conventional depth map coding in which distortion is measured by only investigating the coding error in depth map, the proposed scheme focuses on virtually synthesized view quality by involving co-located color information. In detail, the proposed distortion function estimates rendered view quality, where area-based scheme is provided in order to mimic the warping/view-rendering process accurately. Moreover, the coding performance of the proposed distortion metric is even improved by involving the additional SKIP mode derived by co-located color coding information. The simulation results show the proposed scheme could achieve approximately 30% bit-rate saving for depth data, and about 10% bit-rate saving for overall multi-view data.
Scintillation of Gaussian-, multi-Gaussian-, and nonuniformly-correlated beams (2018)

We compute the on-axis mean intensities and scintillation indices for Gaussian-, multi-Gaussian-, and nonuniformly-correlated sources. After controlling for correlation width and under the simulated conditions, we find no significant scintillation improvement over the Gaussian-correlated source.
A New Diagnostic Immunoassay for Proximal Tubule Injury (1986)

Adenosine deaminase binding protein (AdAbp), a glycoprotein found in the epithelial cells of the brush border of the proximal tubule, is shed into urine following kidney damage. A sandwich enzyme immunoassay is described that uses two monoclonal antibodies, URO-4 (S27) and URO-4a (S23), which react with different epitopes on AdAbp (2, 24). Release of AdAbp into the urine appears to reflect the severity of the insult to the nephron and its measurement may assist in distinguishing between tubular disease and glomerular disease and may be useful in indicating renal toxicity.
Addition of alcohols and pyrroles to trans-[RuCl2{(Ph2P)2CCH2}2]. A polypyrrole bearing a covalently bound metal–diphosphine complex† (1997)

Alcohols and pyrroles undergo base-catalysed addition to trans-[RuCl2{(Ph2P)2CCH2}2] to afford trans-[RuCl2{(Ph2P)2CHCH2Z}2] (Z = –OCH2Ph 2a, –OCH2CH2C4H3S-3 2b, –NC4H4 3a, –NC4H3C6H13-3 3b); complexes 2b and 3b are suitable for electropolymerization to give heterocyclic conducting polymers, and 3b is copolymerized with N-methylpyrrole to afford a polypyrrole incorporating a functionalized metal–diphosphine complex, for the first time.
Business model tooling: where research and practice meet (2020)

This special issue bundles a series of papers on business model tooling. Business model tools are methods, frameworks or templates to facilitate communication and collaboration regarding Business Model analysis, (re-)design, adoption, implementation and exploitation. In this introduction to the special issue, we position business model tooling in the broader literature, going beyond the mere use of tooling to disseminate academic knowledge. We point out the unique contributions on business model tooling that information systems scholars can bring. After giving an overview of business model tools and ontologies, we sketch a brief research agenda comprising seven research directions: (1) design of tooling; (2) interfaces and usability; (3) evaluation and testing; (4) adoption, diffusion and commercialization of tooling; (5) privacy and security of tool users; (6) the use of tooling in business model education; and (7) future tooling enabled by big data and machine learning.
Nia (2005)

I have always thought myself fortunate to have found my vocation and to be doing a job that I really enjoy - for the most part, anyway. I have been a RNLD for 14 years and at present am employed part-time as a grade G community learning disability nurse, working with adults. However, despite my background and experience, nothing could have prepared me for the birth of our daughter.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Protein Kinase Cι Is Required for Pancreatic Cancer Cell Transformed Growth and Tumorigenesis (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from Protein Kinase Cι Is Required for Pancreatic Cancer Cell Transformed Growth and Tumorigenesis
Total destruction of organic compounds in aqueous wastes by a UV/H{sub 2}O{sub 2} process (1992)

For the uv/H{sub 2}0{sub 2} process, a medium-high pressure mercury lamp is used to destroy dilute concentration of organics in a circulated reactor chamber. Hydrogen peroxide is fed continuously into the chamber. A mixture of ethylene glycol with water was treated by the process and the organic parts were totally oxidized (i.e., all carbons were converted to C0{sub 2} and hydrogens were converted to H2{sub 0}) without difficulty. In treating Trimsol, a water miscible cutting oil, both the Trimsol and hydrogen peroxide were fed continuously and the organic compounds were also totally oxidized, but the rate of Trimsol destruction is low. The pH values during the process must be greater than 6 to prevent phase separation.
Educational Animation with Line Rider (2009)

The advantages of educational software have become evident over the past few years. Because a PC is now commonplace in households every student can access this invaluable aid to education. Many small companies and large ones alike are now devoted to developing such games and animations. Basic skills such as math and spelling are now effectively being taught through the use of digital technology. Since its first appearance on the Web in September 2006, Line Rider has attracted over 15 million viewers to date and has spawned over 11,000 video posts on YouTube.com. Line Rider is a deceptively simple online game and has become the latest Internet addiction. Line Rider allows players to construct their own track filled with as many ramps, hills, and jumps as they can imagine utilizing a pencil tool. Once the player is done creating their course, they can send a virtual sledder down the route until he wipes out. The possibilities in Line Rider are only limited by physics and the player’s imagination with an almost endless number of variations and replay. This paper outlines the application of Line Rider in making an educational animation to teach young children the alphabet.
Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impact (2001)

Free online availability substantially increases a paper's impactSir -The volume of scientific literature far exceeds the ability of scientists to identify and use all relevant information.The ability to locate relevant research quickly will dramatically improve communication and scientific progress.Although availability varies greatly by discipline, more than a million research articles are now freely available on the web.Here we investigate the impact of free online availability by analysing citation rates.Online availability of an article may not greatly improve access and impact without efficient and comprehensive search services; a substantial percentage of the literature needs to be indexed by these search services before scientists consider them useful.In computer science, a substantial percentage of the literature is online and available through search engines such as Google (www.google.com), or specialized services such as ResearchIndex (www.researchindex.org)-although the greatest impact of online availability is yet to come, because comprehensive search services and more powerful search methods have become available only recently.We analysed 119,924 conference articles in computer science and related disciplines, obtained from DBLP (dblp.uni-trier.de).In these fields, conference articles are typically formal publications and are often more prestigious than journal articles, with acceptance rates at some conferences below 10%.We estimated citation counts and online availability using ResearchIndex, excluding self-citations.The figure shows the probability that an article is freely available online as a function of the number of citations to the article, and the year of publication of the article.The results are dramatic, showing a clear correlation between the number of times an article is cited and the probability that the article is online.More highly cited articles, and more recent articles, are significantly more likely to be online, in computer science.The mean number of citations to offline articles is 2.74, and the mean number of citations to online articles is 7.03, an increase of 157%.We analysed differences within publication venues (the proceedings of a
Muscle pump and central command during recovery from exercise in humans (1999)

We sought to determine the relative contributions of cessation of skeletal muscle pumping and withdrawal of central command to the rapid decrease in arterial pressure during recovery from exercise. Twelve healthy volunteers underwent three exercise sessions, each consisting of a warm-up, 3 min of cycling at 60% of maximal heart rate, and 5 min of one of the following recovery modes: seated (inactive), loadless pedaling (active), and passive cycling. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output, thoracic impedance, and heart rate were measured. When measured 15 s after exercise, MAP decreased less (P < 0.05) during the active (-3 +/- 1 mmHg) and passive (-6 +/- 1 mmHg) recovery modes than during inactive (-18 +/- 2 mmHg) recovery. These differences in MAP persisted for the first 4 min of recovery from exercise. Significant maintenance of central blood volume (thoracic impedance), stroke volume, and cardiac output paralleled the maintenance of MAP during active and passive conditions during 5 min of recovery. These data indicate that engaging the skeletal muscle pump by loadless or passive pedaling helps maintain MAP during recovery from submaximal exercise. The lack of differences between loadless and passive pedaling suggests that cessation of central command is not as important.
Recognizing and treating two types of long-term vasoconstriction in hypertension. (1988)

Long considered a single clinical entity, essential hypertension is now recognized as a heterogeneous spectrum of pathophysiologic disturbances, based on extensive clinical, pharmacologic and biochemical evidence. Two distinctly different mechanisms for long-term vasoconstriction can be identified and quantified in the spectrum of patients with essential hypertension, although the causes of this group of disorders are still obscure. The first vasoconstrictor mechanism is renin-angiotensin mediated and involves an increase in vascular smooth muscle cytosolic free calcium mobilized from intracellular sites. The degree of activity of this mechanism can be assessed by plasma renin level and/or by the hypotensive response to circulating anti-renin-system drugs (such as CEI inhibitors and beta blockers). The second vasoconstrictor mechanism, on the other hand, is renin-independent. It appears to require antecedent renal sodium retention and to be related to abnormal membrane influx of calcium. A low plasma renin level identifies this kind of vasoconstriction, which is also characterized by a low serum ionized calcium. Low-renin vasoconstriction is correctable by sodium depletion or by calcium channel or alpha adrenergic blockade. Depending on the state of sodium balance, these two vasoconstrictor mechanisms contribute reciprocally to maintenance of arteriolar tone in models of experimental hypertension, normotensive and hypertensive people, and in the vasoconstriction of edematous states, such as congestive heart failure. One of the two mechanisms also sustains diastolic hypertension in the experimental and clinical forms of renovascular hypertension and primary aldosteronism. Thus, both experimentally and clinically, at the polar extremes of the range of plasma renin values, one of the two mechanisms predominates: it is possible that, in the medium range of renin values, both mechanisms contribute to vasoconstriction. In our proposed unifying, analytic model, arteriolar vasoconstriction is associated with increased intracellular calcium and decreased magnesium levels in vascular smooth muscle. In the vasoconstriction consequent to sodium-volume expansion, cytosolic calcium is increased by an increased membrane influx. In renin-mediated vasoconstriction, receptor-operated channels mobilize cytosolic calcium instead from intracellular stores. These interrelationships provide a basis for stratifying hypertensive patients pathophysiologically and for applying simpler, more specific, and more rational therapies. Thus, the array of modern pharmacologic agents can often be rationally directed at one or the other, or both, of these two vasoconstrictor mechanisms.