gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of the acoustic properties of incus replacement prostheses in a human temporal bone model. (1994)

Many middle ear prostheses are available for reconstruction of a missing or damaged incus. Little is known of the relative acoustic performance of these prostheses in vitro and the parameters (mass, shape, tension, angulation, area of head) that modify this performance. This report describes experiments in a human temporal bone model comparing the effect on stapes displacement of six commercially available incus replacement prostheses (IRP). Measurements were performed using a laser Doppler vibrometer before and after incus removal and IRP placement between the tympanic membrane (TM) and stapes head. In addition, experiments were performed on the effect of increasing prosthesis mass, varying the tension between TM and stapes head, changing the surface area in contact with the TM, and comparing different TM contact sites. All prostheses tested showed reasonable acoustic performance compared to the baseline condition. Optimum tension between the TM and stapes head produced the best overall sound transmission. The mid-malleus and umbo locations were the best malleus contact sites; however, the posterior TM contact site also worked well. Increased mass improved low frequency transmission and impaired higher frequency transmission, whereas a larger contact area with the TM contributed to increased gain in the mid frequencies.
Serotonin-2C receptor agonists decrease potassium-stimulated GABA release in the nucleus accumbens (2014)

The serotonin 5-HT2C receptor has shown promise in vivo as a pharmacotherapeutic target for alcoholism. For example, recently, a novel 4-phenyl-2-N,N-dimethylaminotetralin (PAT) drug candidate, that demonstrates 5-HT2C receptor agonist activity together with 5-HT2A/2B receptor inverse agonist activity, was shown to reduce operant responding for ethanol after peripheral administration to rats. Previous studies have shown that the 5-HT2C receptor is found throughout the mesoaccumbens pathway and that 5-HT2C receptor agonism causes activation of ventral tegmental area (VTA) GABA neurons. It is unknown what effect 5-HT2C receptor modulation has on GABA release in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcc). To this end, microdialysis coupled to capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence was used to quantify extracellular neurotransmitter concentrations in the NAcc under basal and after potassium stimulation conditions, in response to PAT analogs and other 5-HT2C receptor modulators administered by reverse dialysis to rats. 5-HT2C receptor agonists specifically attenuated stimulated GABA release in the NAcc while 5-HT2C antagonists or inverse agonists had no effect. Agents with activity at 5-HT2A receptors had no effect on GABA release. Thus, in contrast to results reported for the VTA, current results suggest 5-HT2C receptor agonists decrease stimulated GABA release in the NAcc, and provide a possible mechanism of action for 5HT2C -mediated negative modulation of ethanol self-administration.
Network Approach to Precise GPS Navigation (2003)

: The success of precise kinematic GPS positioning over long baselines depends on the ability to resolve the integer phase ambiguities, a challenging task, especially when an instantaneous real-time kinematic (RTK) solution is required. This paper presents test results obtained with a beta version of the Multi Purpose GPS processing software (MPGPSTM) developed at the Ohio State University. The primary positioning module tested was the instantaneous (epoch-by-epoch) RTK using multiple reference stations. The results were obtained using instantaneous ambiguity resolution in the postprocessing mode, while the target implementation is the actual RTK. The distances from the reference stations to the rover varied from 30 to 37 km. The resulting network-derived coordinates were compared with the coordinates obtained from single-baseline solutions to test the repeatability, robustness, and accuracy of the network solution. In addition, preliminary results based on an instantaneous network solution with a station spacing of 100–200 km are presented.
Factors Associated With Scoliosis in Schoolchildren: a Cross-Sectional Population-Based Study (2015)

Scoliosis seems to be positively associated with female sex and age between 13 and 15 years, whereas the habit of sleeping in a hammock is negatively associated with the onset of scoliosis.
Optically Controlled Oscillators in an Engineered Bioelectric Tissue (2016)

Complex electrical dynamics in excitable tissues occur throughout biology, but the roles of individual ion channels can be difficult to determine due to the complex nonlinear interactions in native tissue. Here, we ask whether we can engineer a tissue capable of basic information storage and processing, where all functional components are known and well understood. We develop a cell line with four transgenic components: two to enable collective propagation of electrical waves and two to enable optical perturbation and optical readout of membrane potential. We pattern the cell growth to define simple cellular ring oscillators that run stably for > 2 h ( ~ 10[superscript 4] cycles) and that can store data encoded in the direction of electrical circulation. Using patterned optogenetic stimulation, we probe the biophysical attributes of this synthetic excitable tissue in detail, including dispersion relations, curvature-dependent wave front propagation, electrotonic coupling, and boundary effects. We then apply the biophysical characterization to develop an optically reconfigurable bioelectric oscillator. These results demonstrate the feasibility of engineering bioelectric tissues capable of complex information processing with optical input and output.
Urinary 3-hydroxyisovaleryl carnitine excretion, protein energy malnutrition and risk of all-cause mortality in kidney transplant recipients: Results from the TransplantLines cohort studies (2020)

NCT02811835. TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02811835.
VERBMOBIL: the evolution of a complex large speech-to-speech translation system (2002)

The ambitious goal of the project Verbmobil is the development of a portable speech to speech translation system dealing with face to face dialogs. It constitutes a new generation of translation systems in which spontaneously spoken language, speaker independence and speaker adaptability are among the main features. Verbmobil brings together researchers from the fields of speech processing, computational linguistics and artificial intelligence and goes beyond the state of the art in these areas. Besides the speech and language processing issues, the specific constraints of the project represent an extreme challenge on the part of project management, software engineering and test and evaluation of the system: size and complexity-150 researchers from 29 organizations at different sites on three continents are involved in the software development; integration of heterogeneous software-in order to reuse existing software, hardware and know how, only a few restrictions were given to the partners. The article describes the Verbmobil scenario, the system architecture and the system evolution.
Digit ratio (2D:4D) in relation to substance and computer use: a meta-analysis (2019)

Human studies have reported inconsistent associations between the length ratio of the second finger to the fourth finger (2D:4D), which is a proxy for prenatal androgen load, and substance or computer use in adolescents and adults. This meta-analysis quantifies the magnitude of this relationship and investigates the roles of sex, definition of caseness, different forms of addiction, the hand measured (right hand versus left hand), and other cohort characteristics. Univariate random-effects meta-analyses were performed, and moderators were tested with Bonferroni-corrected meta-regression analyses. The study included 18 independent samples with a total of 175,955 participants (96,316 males and 79,639 females). There was a significant difference in 2D:4D between the substance and computer-using subjects and the controls for the combined sample (Hedge's g = - 0.178 [- 0.291; - 0.064]) and for males (Hedge's g = - 0.260 [- 0.399; - 0.122]), but not for females. These effects were amplified when only analyzing studies that compared dependent versus non-dependent subjects (combined sample: g = - 0.325 [- 0.492; - 0.157]; males: g = - 0.427 [- 0.564; - 0.291]), but did not reach significance in the subgroup of studies examining other parameters of substance and computer use. When analyzing different forms of substance and computer use separately, alcohol intake and computer use revealed a significant difference in the standardized mean. Again, the effects were amplified when analyzing the subgroup of males and the subgroup of studies comparing dependent versus non-dependent subjects, with effect sizes showing Hedge's g values as many as - 0.552 [- 0.785; - 0.319] (alcohol-dependent males). Thus, this meta-analysis confirms that lower 2D:4D is associated with substance and computer dependency. Further studies are encouraged to explore the link between intrauterine hormone environment and addiction risk.
Practical papers, articles and application notes (2019)

I would like to introduce three wonderful papers to all our readers. Q. Xu and Y. Zhao from the Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, China; X. Shen and K. Chen from the Nanjing Rongce Testing Technology Ltd, China; and Y. Huang from the University of Liverpool, U. K., authored the first paper "Absorption Cross Section Measurement of a Vehicle in Reverberation Chamber for Quick Estimation of Field Strength". For electromagnetic immunity testing of a vehicle, a reverberation chamber (RC) loaded with the vehicle-under-test has to be calibrated so that the necessary input power to generate the required field strength can be determined. In this paper, the average absorption cross section (ACS) of a vehicle in the frequency range of 80 MHz — 24 GHz is measured so that the required electric field strength in the RC loaded with a car can be estimated before the RC is constructed. Once the typical ACS of a car is known, one only needs to measure the Q factor of an unloaded RC and the Q factor of the RC loaded with a car can be predicted. This is very useful before the RC is constructed, as once the RC is built the unloaded Q factor cannot be increased.
Direct writing of gratings in GaInAs/GaInAsP quantum wells using pulsed laser irradiation (2002)

A new quantum well intermixing technique, which involves irradiating multiple quantum well material with high energy laser pulses and producing transient heating, has been developed. A Q-switched Nd:YAG laser with pulse length of /spl sim/7 ns, repetition rate of 10 Hz and pulse energy density /spl sim/5 mJ mm/sup -2/ is used to generate a localised increase in the density of point defects. After subsequent annealing in a rapid thermal processor bandgap shifts of over 100 nm were observed. The spatial resolution was investigated by masking the sample with a metal mask. Spatially resolved photoluminescence measurements showed that the resolution of the process was 25 /spl mu/m or better, this measurement being limited by the resolution of the photoluminescence set up. Gratings, with a pitch of 2.5 /spl mu/m, were wet-etched into the back of waveguide samples, and the samples were irradiated through the grating and annealed as before. Waveguide transmission spectra showed a dip in the transmitted intensity around a wavelength of 1.525 /spl mu/m indicating that a grating had been formed.
Kinetic Evaluation of Hydrodesulfurization and Hydrodenitrogenation Reactions via a Lumped Model (2017)

Multi-lump kinetic models for model compounds representative of various sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) compounds in coker gas oil (CGO) were developed to describe CGO hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) processes, respectively. Model parameters were obtained from fitting of operating data. Validation results revealed that models could predict contents of S and N in products accurately, and hydrogen consumption of HDS and HDN can be estimated. The effects of the temperature, hydrogen/oil ratio, and pressure on the reaction performance were also investigated.
Low-temperature sensitisation behaviour in weld metal in austenitic stainless steel: Low-temperature sensitisation of austenitic stainless steel welds and its improvement by laser surface melting treatment (1st Report) (1997)

Abstract This paper describes an investigation of low-temperature sensitisation (LTS) behaviour in the weld metal of type 308 stainless steel. Three type 308 stainless steels with carbon contents of 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08% were used. TIG welding was employed to prepare the corresponding weld metals, which were subjected to sensitising heat treatment in the 773–1073 K temperature range. The degree of sensitisation was examined by the EPR method and Strauss test. Chromium carbide was precipitated at the δ/γ grain boundaries in the as-welded weld metals. Corrosion test results show that a higher carbon content leads to earlier sensitisation. Sensitisation of weld metals is found to occur faster in those solution heat-treated at 1273 K before sensitising heat treatment. This suggests that the prior chromium carbides have the effect of accelerating sensitisation, clarifying the fact that the LTS phenomenon also occurs in the weld metal. Sensitisation of the weld metal occurs in a much shorter time than in the HAZ. This is attributable to preferential precipitation of chromium carbide at the δ/γ grain boundaries in the weld metal.
Invasive Aspergillus fumigatus infection after Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an immuno-competent host: Case report and review of literature (2009)

Invasive fungal infection is rarely reported in association with malaria, even though malaria-associated inhibition of phagocyte function is a well-known condition. Invasive aspergillosis is frequently found in severely immuno-compromised patients but not in healthy individuals. Here, a case of pulmonary invasive aspergillosis in a previously healthy patient with severe P. falciparum malaria is presented, who was successfully treated with voriconazol and caspofungin. This is the first survival of malaria-associated invasive aspergillosis.
Australian network design practice (2001)

The network infrastructure in many organizations is now vital to their continuing success and survival. This increased dependence has been fuelled by various factors including new high-speed network technologies and the acceptance of client/server application design techniques. Interestingly, though, there is little published information on network design methodologies that could be used for ensuring that the network design is aligned with the organization's network goals and that key design tasks are not overlooked. As the first stage in the development of a network design methodology framework, this research investigates what issues derived from the literature are seen by network design practitioners as important and what are the current tasks performed by practitioners in network design. Based on this research the outline of a generic network design methodology is presented.
Exploring Regio- and Stereoselectivity in [3+2] Cycloaddition: Molecular Electron Density Theory Approach for Novel Spirooxindole-Based Benzimidazole with Pyridine Spacer (2023)

A new ethylene derivative was synthesized as a precursor for the [3+2] cycloaddition (32CA) reaction to access a novel spirooxindole embodied with benzimidazole with a pyridine spacer. The chalcone derivatives 3a–j is obtained with condensation of the acetyl derivative with aryl aldehydes. The one-pot multi-component reaction of the ethylene derivative, 5-Cl-isatin, and octahydroindole-2-carboxylic acid enables the construction of a highly functionalized quaternary center spirooxindole scaffold in a high chemical yield. A study using the Molecular Electron Density Theory (MEDT) explains the complete regio- and stereoselectivity of the reaction, resulting in the exclusive formation of the ortho/endo-cycloadduct under kinetic control. The low activation Gibbs free energy is the result of the supernucleophilic character of the in situ-generated azomethine ylide and the strong electrophilic character of the ethylene derivatives.
Atomically-Coherent-Coalescence of Two Growth-Fronts in Ge Stripes on Insulator by Rapid-Melting Lateral-Crystallization (2012)

High-quality Ge-on-insulator (GOI) is a key structure for integrating high-speed transistors and optical- and spintronic-devices on Si-platform. Effects of coalescence of two growth-fronts on crystallinity of GOI-stripes during rapid-melting lateral-crystallization are investigated as a function of growth-distance. For long growth-distance (≥150 μm), grain-boundaries are generated in coalesced regions due to tilting growth-fronts (1-3°). On the other hand, for short distance (≤5 μm), lattice-structures coherently align without strains. Moreover, for intermediate distance (5–150 μm), lattice-structures of growth-fronts coherently align without any defects, though heterogeneous lattice-strains are locally induced due to slightly tilting growth-fronts (∼0.5°). Such atomically-coherent-coalescence for growth-distance <150 μm shows significant advantage of rapid-melting-crystallization over vapor and solid-phase techniques.
'No-touch' breast-implant insertion device (2016)

Capsular Contracture (CC) has been identified as the major cause of breast-implant failures and subsequent discomfort, pain and shape deformation following cosmetic breast implantation procedures. It has been documented that CC is primarily due to bacteria which are transmitted in the breast-cavity through conventional implantation. A 'no-touch' implant insertion technique has therefore been identified as the optimal method in potentially reducing CC rates. This describes an implant delivery without the implant ever touching: gloves (even during post-insertion implant orientation assessments), retractors or the patient's skin and breast-tissue; which is inherently unachievable with the traditional finger-manipulation method. To date, the most significant improvement in the insertion process has been a 'minimal-touch' technique, i.e. with the Keller-Funnel. This study was therefore in the design and development of a safe 'no-touch' insertion device for the delivery of silicone breast-implants. Parameters included a horizontal 45 mm incision, which can stretch up to a maximum vertical central distance of 35 mm. The proposed design featured a positive-displacement method with: (a) pressurized air as the insertion 'force', (b) an inverting-bag (partially inserted with the implant) to eliminate direct glove/implant contact, and (c) a built-in retractor with a breast-cavity air-removal path to reduce implant insertion resistance due to trapped air. The implant, in the device, remains closed to the environment and separated from the wound margin thus, eliminating skin/implant contact and further providing wound protection. Finally, the design employed an eccentric funnel shape for device use at the inframammary incision site with a suggested subpectoral or submuscular pocket placement, i.e. to eliminate breast-tissue/implant contact. Through experimentation with various implant sizes, device dimensions were suitable for implant-volumes up to 428.57 cm3. A 1 bar air supply was used to test the prototype and prove the concept on a silicone cast breast-model. Leverage of the built-in retractor efficiently opened the incision for device placement multiple times and, the successful insertions of the implants and inverting-bag into the breast-model indicated that a 'no-touch' technique was achievable. This was at a maximum insertion time of 4.2 seconds, amongst eight implants ranging from 242 to 428.57 cm3. However, the continued post-insertion air supply resulted in inflation of the inverted bag in the breast. This is at a high risk of developing a thoracic wall deformity and/or embolism. Suggestions were made to improve the design and eliminate this fault.
Arabidopsis EMB1990 Encoding a Plastid-Targeted YlmG Protein Is Required for Chloroplast Biogenesis and Embryo Development (2018)

In higher plants, embryo development originated from fertilized egg cell is the first step of the life cycle. The chloroplast participates in many essential metabolic pathways, and its function is highly associated with embryo development. However, the mechanisms and relevant genetic components by which the chloroplast functions in embryogenesis are largely uncharacterized. In this paper, we describe the <i>Arabidopsis EMB1990</i> gene, encoding a plastid-targeted YlmG protein which is required for chloroplast biogenesis and embryo development. Loss of the <i>EMB1990/YLMG1-1</i> resulted in albino seeds containing abortive embryos, and the morphological development of homozygous <i>emb1990</i> embryos was disrupted after the globular stage. Our results showed that <i>EMB1990/YLMG1-1</i> was expressed in the primordia and adaxial region of cotyledon during embryogenesis, and the encoded protein was targeted to the chloroplast. TEM observation of cellular ultrastructure showed that chloroplast biogenesis was impaired in <i>emb1990</i> embryo cells. Expression of certain plastid genes was also affected in the loss-of-function mutants, including genes encoding core protein complex subunits located in the thylakoid membrane. Moreover, the tissue-specific genes of embryo development were misexpressed in <i>emb1990</i> mutant, including genes known to delineate cell fate decisions in the SAM (shoot apical meristem), cotyledon and hypophysis. Taken together, we propose that the nuclear-encoded YLMG1-1 is targeted to the chloroplast and required for normal plastid gene expression. Hence, YLMG1-1 plays a critical role in <i>Arabidopsis</i> embryogenesis through participating in chloroplast biogenesis.
Binocular retinal scanning laser display with integrated focus cues for ocular accommodation (2003)

In natural vision, the oculomotor processes of accommodation (focus) and vergence (angle between lines of sight of two eyes) are reflexively linked such that a change in one drives a matching change in the other. Conventional stereoscopic displays require viewers to decouple these processes, and accommodate at a fixed distance while dynamically varying vergence to view objects at different stereoscopic distances. This decoupling generates eye fatigue and compromises image quality. We describe a binocular display that generates variable accommodation cues that match vergence and stereoscopic retinal disparity demands, better approximating natural vision and leading to decreased eye fatigue. In our display, a luminance modulated laser beam is reflected from a deformable membrane mirror and raster scanned. The scan is converged at the entrance pupil of the viewer’s eye, creating a Maxwellian view of the displayed image. As the beam is scanned, the deformable membrane mirror dynamically changes the beam divergence angle to present images at different focal distances. The display has a large range of focus (closer than the viewer’s near point to infinity) and presents images at 60 Hz. The accommodation response of a viewer to the display was measured objectively using an infrared autorefractor.