gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective transfer of cryopreserved human embryos with further cleavage after thawing increases delivery and implantation rates (1997)

We investigated whether further in-vitro culture of human multicellular embryos that survive cryopreservation can select the viable embryos for transfer. Embryos for cryopreservation were supernumerary multicellular embryos obtained after in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatments, with <20% of their volume filled with anucleate fragments. These had been cryopreserved using a slow-freezing and slow-thawing protocol with 1.5 M dimethylsulphoxide as the cryoprotectant. From the start of our cryopreservation programme until September 12, 1994, the thawing strategy was to thaw frozen embryos up to the exact number needed for transfer. Embryos for transfer were selected on the basis of their morphological appearance and embryo transfer to the patient was done on the day of thawing. From September 12, 1994 onwards we used a more selective thawing strategy where a cohort of up to a maximum of 12 frozen embryos per patient is thawed from which embryos of the best morphological quality, and which are furthest advanced in terms of cleavage after a 24 h in-vitro culture period in Menezo B2 medium, are selected. We took delivery rates, embryo implantation rates and birth rates into account to see if there is any difference between the following three types of transfers used: 187 transfers exclusively of embryos having continued to cleave after thawing, 107 mixed transfers of embryos with and without further cleavage and 53 transfers exclusively of embryos with no further cleavage. The overall outcome in terms of delivery rate and embryo implantation and birth rates were not different between the new and the earlier thawing policies (6.6, 5.2 and 3.6% versus 6.0, 4.1 and 2.7% respectively). Only when a distinction was made between transfers on the basis of the presence of embryos with further cleavage, did the advantage of selection on the basis of cleavage capacity become evident. Significantly higher delivery and embryo implantation and birth rates (11.2, 7.7 and 6.5% respectively) were recorded with transfers exclusively of embryos with further cleavage versus mixed transfers of embryos with and without further cleavage (1.9, 2.9 and 0.6% respectively). Fifty-three transfers exclusively of embryos with no further cleavage did not lead to any delivery. Our results demonstrate that selection of human multicellular embryos which survive cryopreservation and continue to cleave in vitro can significantly improve the delivery rate per transfer and the implantation rate per transferred embryo.
Ultrasonography Performed by Primary Care Residents for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening: An Innovative Teaching Model (2001)

A prospective pilot study was undertaken to assess a protocol to educate primary care residents in how to personally perform ultrasonography for abdominal aortic aneurysm screening. Resident exams were proctored by a primary care physician trained in ultrasonography and were scored on the level of competence in doing the examination. Patients had ultrasound performed by a resident, followed by repeat examination by the vascular lab. Primary care resident abdominal aortic imaging was achieved in 79 of 80 attempts. Four abdominal aortic aneurysms were identified. There were 75 normal examinations; resident ultrasonography results were consistent with the results of the vascular lab. Ten residents achieved an abdominal aortic ultrasound-independent competence level after an average of 3.4 proctored exams. The main outcome of this study is that a primary care resident, with minimal training in ultrasonography imaging, is able to rapidly learn the technique of ultrasonography imaging of the abdominal aorta.
Glycosylated Peptide Hormones: Pharmacological Properties and Conformational Studies of Analogs of [1-Desamino,8-D-arginine]vasopressin (1995)

Two analogues of the antidiuretic drug [1-desamino,8-D-arginine]vasopressin (DDAVP), which have a glycosylated serine at position 4, have been prepared by Fmoc solid phase peptide synthesis. The glycosylated analogues had significantly higher bioavailabilities than the nonglycosylated [D-Tyr2,Ser4]DDAVP and DDAVP on intraintestinal administration in rat. The improved bioavailability resulted from an increased absorption from the small intestine and most likely from an increased stability toward enzymatic degradation, whereas plasma clearance was either unaffected or slightly increased by the glycosylation. The glycosylated analogues displayed only very low agonistic and antagonistic activities at the vasopressin V2-receptor. Conformational studies performed by 1H NMR spectroscopy did not reveal any major influence from glycosylation on the conformation of the peptide backbone. The lack of receptor binding displayed by the analogues is therefore most likely explained by steric repulsion between the carbohydrate moiety and the vasopressin receptor which prevents receptor binding.
Improvement in High Temperature Fatigue Strength of Industrial Oxide Dispersion Strengthened Platinum with Formation of Stretched Coarse Grain Structure (2005)

Platinum and its alloys are widely used for glass melting apparatus and the materials used for the apparatus require high temperature fatigue strength as well as high temperature creep strength. Authors reported that Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Platinum has high resistance to creep rupture in the previous paper. In order to clarify the details of fatigue fracture behaviors of ODS Platinum, various ODS Platinum materials were evaluated with regard to tensile and fatigue tests. Through the evaluations, following results were obtained. (1) High fatigue strength results in short inter-dispersoid distance in low cycle region and high Grain Aspect Ratio (GAR) in high cycle region. (2) Fracture mode of low GAR material is trans-granular fracture in low cycle region and inter-granular fracture in high cycle region. Different from low GAR material, fracture mode of high GAR material is trans-granular fracture for both low and high cycle region. (3) High temperature fatigue strength of ODS Platinum in low cycle region is in inverse proportion to the inter-dispersoid distance as well as high temperature tensile strength. An increasing in OROWAN stress is a measure to improve the strength in the low cycle region. In the high cycle region, fatigue strength is in proportion to GAR therefore increasing in GAR is a measure to improve the strength in the region.
Recent progress on MOF-based optical sensors for VOC sensing (2022)

The raising apprehension of volatile organic compound (VOC) exposures urges the exploration of advanced monitoring platforms. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) provide many attractive features including tailorable porosity, high surface areas, good chemical/thermal stability, and various host-guest interactions, making them appealing candidates for VOC capture and sensing. To comprehensively exploit the potential of MOFs as sensing materials, great efforts have been dedicated to the shaping and patterning of MOFs for next-level device integration. Among different types of sensors (chemiresistive sensors, gravimetric sensors, optical sensors, <i>etc.</i>), MOFs coupled with optical sensors feature distinctive strength. This review summarized the latest advancements in MOF-based optical sensors with a particular focus on VOC sensing. The subject is discussed by different mechanisms: colorimetry, luminescence, and sensors based on optical index modulations. Critical analysis for each system highlighting practical aspects was also deliberated.
Univariate and Multivariate Analyses of the Mental Status Examination (1985)

Investigators have reported poor recognition of dementia by primary physicians. For this reason, mental status examinations were performed on 72 demented and 144 nondemented medical inpatients to assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of components of this examination in the diagnosis of dementia. Sensitivity of individual level-of-orientation items was low (15.3 to 56.9%), though specificity was high (91.7 to 100%). Sensitivity of several nonorientation items was high (80.6 to 100%), though specificity was low. A multivariate discriminant equation using both orientation and nonorientation items achieved high sensitivity (89.6% test cases, 87.5% validation cases) and specificity (78.1% test cases, 87.5% validation cases). Adding the easily obtained patient characteristic of age to the equation further increased sensitivity (95.8%, 91.3%), while maintaining specificity (82.3%, 85.4%). From these results, it is concluded that the level-of-orientation screening examination used by clinicians to detect dementia is unacceptably insensitive. In contrast, a composite decision rule including nonorientation items achieves high sensitivity with relatively high specificity.
Electrically tunable all-dielectric optical metasurfaces based on liquid crystals (2017)

We demonstrate electrical tuning of the spectral response of a Mie-resonant dielectric metasurface consisting of silicon nanodisks embedded into liquid crystals. We use the reorientation of nematic liquid crystals in a moderate applied electric field to alter the anisotropic permittivity tensor around the metasurface. By switching a control voltage “on” and “off,” we induce a large spectral shift of the metasurface resonances, resulting in an absolute transmission modulation of up to 75%. Our experimental demonstration of voltage control of dielectric metasurfaces paves the way for new types of electrically tunable metadevices, including dynamic displays and holograms.
Catharanthus terpenoid indole alkaloids: biosynthesis and regulation (2007)

Catharanthus roseus is still the only source for the powerful antitumour drugs vinblastine and vincristine. Some other pharmaceutical compounds from this plant, ajmalicine and serpentine are also of economical importance. Although C. roseus has been studied extensively and was subject of numerous publications, a full characterization of its alkaloid pathway is not yet achieved. Here we review some of the recent work done on this plant. Most of the work focussed on early steps of the pathway, particularly the discovery of the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP)-pathway leading to terpenoids. Both mevalonate and MEP pathways are utilized by plants with apparent cross-talk between them across different compartments. Many genes of the early steps in Catharanthus alkaloid pathway have been cloned and overexpressed to improve the biosynthesis. Research on the late steps in the pathway resulted in cloning of several genes. Enzymes and genes involved in indole alkaloid biosynthesis and various aspects of their localization and regulation are discussed. Much progress has been made at alkaloid regulatory level. Feeding precursors, growth regulators treatments and metabolic engineering are good tools to increase productivity of terpenoid indole alkaloids. But still our knowledge of the late steps in the Catharanthus alkaloid pathway and the genes involved is limited.
Rapid healing of chronic ulcerations and improvement in range of motion after fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) treatment after CO2 excision of hidradenitis suppurativa axillary lesions: A case report (2016)

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating condition characterized by recurrent abscess formation, fistulas, and scarring that frequently involve the axillae, gluteal folds, groin, and the inframammary region. The disease process and subsequent surgical interventions can lead to significant scarring and functional impairment. HS and scarring are both associated with damaging psychological effects.1 Traditional surgical excision and carbon dioxide (CO2) laser excision with healing by secondary intention are reported to be effective methods of treatment for advanced HS but can lead to scar formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Dimerization and Double Annulation of 3,3,4,4‐Tetracyanobutanal Acetal. Synthesis of a Bicyclic 2‐Aminopyridine Derivative. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Measuring beta-diversity from taxonomic similarity (2007)

Abstract Question: The utility of beta (β-) diversity measures that incorporate information about the degree of taxonomic (dis)similarity between species plots is becoming increasingly recognized. In this framework, the question for this study is: can we define an ecologically meaningful index of β-diversity that, besides indicating simple species turnover, is able to account for taxonomic similarity amongst species in plots? Methods: First, the properties of existing measures of taxonomic similarity measures are briefly reviewed. Next, a new measure of plot-to-plot taxonomic similarity is presented that is based on the maximal common subgraph of two taxonomic trees. The proposed measure is computed from species presences and absences and include information about the degree of higher-level taxonomic similarity between species plots. The performance of the proposed measure with respect to existing coefficients of taxonomic similarity and the coefficient of Jaccard is discussed using a small data set of heath plant communities. Finally, a method to quantify β-diversity from taxonomic dissimilarities is discussed. Results: The pro posed measure of taxonomic β-diversity incorporates not only species richness, but also information about the degree of higher-order taxonomic structure between species plots. In this view, it comes closer to a modern notion of biological diversity than more traditional measures of β-diversity. From regression analysis between the new coefficient and existing measures of taxonomic similarity it is shown that there is an evident nonlinearity between the coefficients. This nonlinearity demonstrates that the new coefficient measures similarity in a conceptually different way from previous indices. Also, in good agreement with the findings of previous authors, the regression between the new index and the Jaccard coefficient of similarity shows that more than 80% of the variance of the former is explained by the community structure at the species level, while only the residual variance is explained by differences in the higher-order taxonomic structure of the species plots. This means that a genuine taxonomic approach to the quantification of plot-to-plot similarity is only needed if we are interested in the residual system's variation that is related to the higher-order taxonomic structure of a pair of species plots.
Rabbit Whey Acidic Protein Concentration in Milk, Serum, Mammary Gland Extract, and Culture Medium (1991)

Rabbit whey acidic protein has been purified from whey using an AcA54 column. The purified whey acidic protein had an amino acid composition in agreement with the previously defined cDNA sequence. An antibody against whey acidic protein was raised in guinea pig. This antibody did not crossreact with mouse or cow milk or with rabbit alpha s1-casein and beta-casein. Whey acidic protein concentration was measured in rabbit milk using the antibody with a radioimmunoassay. The concentration of whey acidic protein in rabbit milk was 15 mg/ml, whereas the concentrations of alpha s1-casein and beta-casein were 16 and 45 mg/ml, respectively. The concentration of the three proteins was also evaluated in culture medium of rabbit primary mammary cells. The three proteins were induced by prolactin alone. Glucocorticoids amplified the prolactin effect on whey acidic protein more intensively than on caseins. The three proteins were present in mammary extract from virgin rabbit. The concentration of these proteins was lower at d 8 and 14 of pregnancy, and it was very high at d 25 of pregnancy. Whey acidic protein was undetectable in blood of virgin, weaned, and midpregnant females and of males. Whey acidic protein was present in blood of lactating rabbits, but alpha s1-casein and beta-casein were not detectably present in rabbit blood at the examined physiological states.
Synthesis of New Chiral 1,2‐Disubstituted Ferrocenes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Mendelian randomization study with clinical follow-up links metabolites to risk and severity of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2023)

Abstract Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) exhibits phenotypic heterogeneity and variable response to therapy. The metabolome has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH, but previous works have lacked power to implicate specific metabolites. Mendelian randomisation (MR) is a method for causal inference between exposures and outcomes. Using GWAS summary statistics, we implemented hypothesis-free MR methodology to test for causal relationships between serum concentration of 575 metabolites and PAH. Unbiased MR causally associated five metabolites with risk of PAH after stringent multiple testing correction; of the five candidates, serine and homostachydrine were validated in a different larger PAH GWAS, and associated with clinical severity of PAH via direct measurement in an independent clinical cohort of 449 PAH patients. We used conditional and orthogonal approaches to explore the biology underlying our lead metabolites. A rare variant analysis demonstrated that loss of function (LOF) mutations within ATF4, a transcription factor responsible for upregulation of serine synthesis under conditions of serine starvation, are associated with higher risk for PAH. Homostachydrine is a xenobiotic metabolite that is structurally related to L-proline betaine, which has been previously linked to modulation of inflammation and tissue remodelling in PAH. Our MVMR analysis suggests that the effect of L-proline betaine is actually mediated indirectly via homostachydrine. Our data presents a new method for study of the metabolome in the context of PAH, and suggests several candidates for further evaluation and translational research.
Gold Standard or Fool’s Gold? Should the U.S. Consider Returning to the Gold Standard? (2016)

Of the remaining GOP presidential candidates, only John Kasich and Marco Rubio have rejected the idea of a gold standard. Is the U.S. better off linking its money supply to a global commodity market or allowing an independent central bank to respond to economic conditions? International economics fellow Russell Green explains.
AN ELEMENTARY THEORY OF THE LAND- AND SEA-BREEZE CIRCULATION (1947)

As physically more or less exact theories of the land and sea breezes lead to results that are not correct in every respect, an attempt is made here to find an elementary solution for the problem. The solution is called an elementary one because the mutual influence of temperature distribution and velocity is not taken into account. A rather simple temperature distribution is adopted a priori, and the velocity distribution is calculated from it. In section 3 account is taken of the deflecting force of the earth's rotation; the result is found that in temperate latitudes the sea breeze when at full strength does not blow perpendicular to the coast.
Strategic Protection Against Data Injection Attacks on Power Grids (2011)

Data injection attacks to manipulate system state estimators on power grids are considered. A unified formulation for the problem of constructing attacking vectors is developed for linearized measurement models. Based on this formulation, a new low-complexity attacking strategy is shown to significantly outperform naive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ℓ</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> relaxation. It is demonstrated that it is possible to defend against malicious data injection if a small subset of measurements can be made immune to the attacks. However, selecting such subsets is a high-complexity combinatorial problem given the typically large size of electrical grids. To address the complexity issue, a fast greedy algorithm to select a subset of measurements to be protected is proposed. Another greedy algorithm that facilitates the placement of secure phasor measurement units (PMUs) to defend against data injection attacks is also developed. Simulations on the IEEE test systems demonstrate the benefits of the proposed algorithms.
Applications of Genome-Wide Screening and Systems Biology Approaches in Drug Repositioning (2020)

Modern drug discovery through de novo drug discovery entails high financial costs, low success rates, and lengthy trial periods. Drug repositioning presents a suitable approach for overcoming these issues by re-evaluating biological targets and modes of action of approved drugs. Coupling high-throughput technologies with genome-wide essentiality screens, network analysis, genome-scale metabolic modeling, and machine learning techniques enables the proposal of new drug-target signatures and uncovers unanticipated modes of action for available drugs. Here, we discuss the current issues associated with drug repositioning in light of curated high-throughput multi-omic databases, genome-wide screening technologies, and their application in systems biology/medicine approaches.
R5T4 compounds - unique multifunctional intermetallics for basic research and applications (2016)

The unique properties of the rare-earth elements and their alloys have brought them from relative obscurity to high profile use in common high-tech applications. The broad technological impact of these remarkable materials may have never been known by the general public if not for the supply concerns that placed the rare-earth materials on the front page of newspapers and magazines. Neodymium and dysprosium, two essential components of Nd2Fe14B-based high-performance permanent magnets, have drawn much attention and have been deemed critical materials for many energy-related applications. Ironically, the notoriety of rare-earth elements and their alloys is the result of a global movement to reduce their use in industrial applications and, thus, ease concerns about their supply and ultimately to reduce their position in high-tech supply chains. Research into the applications of lanthanide alloys has been de-emphasized recently due to the perception that industry is moving away from the use of rare-earth elements in new products. While lanthanide supply challenges justify efforts to diversify the supply chain, a strategy to completely replace the materials overlooks the reasons rare earths became important in the first place -- their unique properties are too beneficial to ignore. Rare-earth alloys and compounds possess truly exciting potentialmore » for basic science exploration and application development such as solid-state caloric cooling. In this brief review, we touch upon several promising systems containing lanthanide elements that show important and interesting magnetism-related phenomena.« less
Collagen Fibrils as Examples of Smectic A Biological Fibres (1977)

Abstract Collagen fibrils provide a biological example of smectic A liquid crystals. They demonstrate spiralling of their constituent chiral molecules, about the normal to their layers, when they undergo a transition to smectic C. Under tension, perpendicular to the planes of the layers, their molecules are tilted and some of them rearrange so as to describe a lattice whose unit cell has a square base. Novel features of the collagen fibril are that the layer thickness is dictated by the amino acid sequence of its collagen molecules, and not by their length, and that extra stability is conferred on the structure by covalent cross-links.