gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study on Tip Leakage Flow Structure of an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor (2014)

To deepen the knowledge of tip leakage flow/vortex flow structure in the tip clearance of axial compressor rotors, this paper presents steady numerical studies on a subsonic rotor. The rotor and its related low-speed large-scale repeating-stage axial compressor are used for low-speed model testing of a modern high-pressure compressor. Results were first compared with available experimental data to validate adopted numerical method. Then complex endwall flow structure and flow loss mechanism at design operating point were studied. At last, comparisons were made for tip leakage vortex structure, interface of the leakage flow/main flow, endwall blockage and loss between design and near-stall operating points. Results show that only the spilled flows below 62.5% clearance height at the leading edge will roll into tip leakage vortex for this rotor. In addition, tip leakage vortex plays a secondary important role for higher positions, where secondary leakage flow occurs and occupies broader chordwise range. Although tip leakage vortex would expand and strongly mix with the mainflow when it propagates downstream, which leads to a rapid reduction of the normalized streamwise vorticity, the value of the normalized helicity shows that concentrated vortex feature is still maintained.
Two-dimensional dosimetry in the near field of the model 200103Pd source for interstitial brachytherapy implants using a thermoluminescent sheet (2004)

A large area and highly sensitive thermoluminescent (TL) sheet film was used for two-dimensional dose distribution measurements at millimetre distances from a 103Pd interstitial brachytherapy source. The TL film is made of Teflon homogeneously mixed with small particles of thermoluminescent material (BaSO4: Eu doped). This TL sheet (5 cm x 5 cm) was used to determine the relative dosimetric characteristics (i.e., radial dose function, 2D and 1D anisotropy functions, as defined by the updated AAPM Task Group No 43 report) of the model 200 103Pd source that emits low energy photons (21 keV). The two-dimensional dosimetry data were obtained for distances from the source surface to 15 mm. The radial dose function measured with the TL sheet is in reasonable agreement within 11% with the values recommended in the updated AAPM TG-43 report. All the measured 2D dose distributions showed limited symmetry about the source axes. The differences between the 1D anisotropy function values measured with the TL sheet and the data recommended in the updated AAPM TG-43 report were 10% at 5 mm and 7.5% at 10 mm, respectively, for the model 200 103Pd seed. Our experiments have demonstrated that it is feasible to use the TL sheet as a dosimeter in the determination of the dosimetric characteristics in the immediate vicinity of interstitial brachytherapy sources emitting low energy photons.
Laboratory measurements of primordial chemistry (2012)

Molecular hydrogen plays a key role in structure formation during the early Universe, sometimes cooling the gas and at other times heating it. We discuss three of the key chemical reactions controling the formation of H2 during the epoch of primordial galaxy and first star formation. These are the associative detachment (AD) reaction H−+H→H2+e−, the mutual neutral (MN) reaction H−+H+→H+H, and the three body association (TBA) process H+H+H→H2+H. For each reaction we discuss the cosmological implications due to uncertainties in the relevant rate coefficients. In the case of AD we also present our recent experimental work to remove these uncertainties. For MN we discuss our ongoing experimental work. Lastly, for TBA we discuss the theoretical and experimental challenges facing attempts to improve the required reaction data.
A Wearable Fiber-free Optical Sensor for Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow in Freely Behaving Mice (2022)

Abstract Wearable technologies for functional brain monitoring in freely behaving subjects would advance our understanding of cognitive processing and adaptive behavior. Existing technologies are lacking in this capability or need procedures which are invasive and/or otherwise impede brain assessments during social behavioral conditions, exercise, and sleep. In response we developed a complete system combining cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurement, O 2 and CO 2 supplies, and behavior recording for use on conscious, freely behaving mice. An innovative diffuse speckle contrast flowmetry (DSCF) device and associated hardware were miniaturized and optimized for small subject applications. The installation and use of this wearable, fiber-free, near-infrared DSCF head-stage/probe required no craniotomy, invasive probe implantation, or restraints of awake animals. Significant correlations were found between measurements with the new DSCF design and an optical standard. The system successfully and repeatedly detected CBF responses to CO 2 -induced hypercapnia in both anesthetized and moving mice. Collecting CBF and activity information together during natural behaviors provides realistic physiological results and opens the path to exploring their correlations with pathophysiological conditions.
The dielectric response as a function of temperature and film thickness of fiber-textured (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films grown by chemical vapor deposition (1997)

The temperature- and field-dependent permittivities of fiber-textured Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 thin films grown by liquid-source metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were investigated as a function of film thickness. These films display a nonlinear dielectric response under conditions representative of those encountered in dynamic random access memories or other integrated capacitor applications. This behavior has the exact form expected for a classical nonlinear, nonhysteretic dielectric, as described in terms of a power series expansion of the free energy in the polarization as in the Landau–Ginzburg–Devonshire approach. Curie–Weiss-like behavior is exhibited above the bulk Curie point (∼300 K), although the ferroelectric phase transition appears frustrated. Small-signal capacitance measurements of films with different thicknesses (24–160 nm) indicate that only the first term in the power series expansion varies significantly with film thickness or temperature. Possible origins for this thickness dependence are discussed.
Enantiomeric chiral [16O,17O,18O]sulphate esters (1984)

G. Lowe and S. J. Salamone, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 466 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000466
A relationship between sensitivity and stability of multivariable feedback systems (1981)

Both comparison sensitivity and robust stability analysis attempt to extend concepts which are well understood in scalar feedback systems to multivariable control system design. Although the two bodies of work have developed about a decade apart, the basic philosophies are similar. Both attempt to maintain a system property (sensitivity reduction versus stability) in the presence of plant modeling errors. This paper demonstrates how the similarity in philosophy translates into a similarity in results and interpretations.
PTEN expression profiles in colorectal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous lesions (2013)

The aim of the study was to determine expression of the PTEN suppressor gene in colorectal adenocarcinoma and its precancerous lesions (adenomatous polyps) in correlation with common clinical and histopathological features. Forty-four patients with adenomatous polyps and 32 with primary adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum were enrolled in the study. They underwent endoscopic removal of polyps or major surgery and postoperative adjuvant chemo- and radiotherapy depending on staging of the disease. No patient had received chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy before the surgery. PTEN expression was evaluated using immunohistochemical staining on paraffin-embedded specimens and compared to clinicopathological features of tumors. In colorectal cancers, PTEN expression was found to be significantly lower than in normal intestinal mucosa and adenomatous polyps. That was associated with complete loss of PTEN expression observed more frequently in colorectal cancer, contrary to reduction of PTEN expression occurring mostly in polyps. A correlation between polyp diameter and loss of PTEN was demonstrated as well as between tumor size and TNM advanced stage and PTEN expression. The obtained results suggest that the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway may play an important role in early stages of sporadic colorectal carcinogenesis and reduced PTEN expression in late oncogenesis is associated with some adverse clinical and pathological features.
Active Temperature Control of Li-ion Batteries in Electric Vehicles (2013)

Due to the high reliability and cost-effectiveness, Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries find their wide-spread use in electric vehicle applications. However, EV batteries operate in harsh environments and the body temperature of each cell in a battery pack tends to be largely different, significantly reducing life expectancy of the batteries. The final aim of this work is to propose an active temperature control method to equalize the temperature distribution of the batteries. However, the first step at the present stage attempts to improve the unbalanced thermal problem existing in current battery packs by optimally arranging battery cells and controlling the coolant flow rate. The results show that all cells within the battery pack can be maintained within a few [deg ]C of each other during operation. Therefore, unbalanced electrical properties can be significantly alleviated between different cells so that the overall performance and maintenance of the battery pack is improved.
Structure of the Bovine Endothelin-B Receptor Gene and Its Tissue-Specific Expression Revealed by Northern Analysis (1992)

We have isolated and characterized the gene encoding the bovine endothelin (ET) receptor ETB with seven putative membrane-spanning domains. The gene exists as a single copy of the bovine genome and extends over 36 kilobases. The coding region is divided into seven exons separated by six introns; the first exon encodes the first and second transmembrane domains and each of the following transmembrane domains is encoded by a separate exon. The 5' region of the transcript was examined by the ribonuclease protection analysis; multiple start sites were deduced with no apparent "TATA" box in the expected upstream region. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a widespread but tissue-specific distribution of the ETB receptor in bovine tissues.
Caracterização do comportamento estrutural de paredes de alvenaria de adobe (2008)

Em Portugal a construção em adobe foi muito utilizada até meados do século XX, sobretudo na região de Aveiro. Actualmente cerca de 25% das construções existentes na cidade são de adobe e 40% na região de Aveiro. Dada a falta de informação técnica sobre as propriedades mecânicas dos elementos em adobe, foram desenvolvidos ensaios para a sua caracterização sobre amostras representativas destas construções em Aveiro. Foram ensaiadas paredes em laboratório e in-situ. Neste artigo apresentam-se os principais resultados dos ensaios realizados, que permitirão caracterizar as construções existentes, interpretar as patologias estruturais mais comuns, calibrar modelos numéricos, avaliar a segurança e desenvolver soluções de reforço adequadas
YB-1 Protein Prevents Age-Related Decline in Plasma Estradiol in Aging Female 5xFAD Transgenic Mice (2023)

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease that is the main cause of dementia in the elderly. When looking for new treatments for AD, attention was drawn to the multifunctional Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1). Previously, we revealed a positive effect of intranasal YB-1 administration on learning and spatial memory, along with a decrease in the content of cerebral β-amyloid and intensity of plaque initiation, with improved survival of cortical and hippocampal neurons in a male mouse model of AD. However, AD affects women twice as often as men, so it is of great interest to study the effects of YB-1 on aging females. Estrogens and androgens are required for the maintenance of cognitive function during aging and, apparently, may prevent the development of AD. In this work, peripheral levels of estradiol (E2) and cytokines were studied after intranasal YB-1 administration to aging female 5xFAD transgenic mice and control nontransgenic animals. In intact aging animals of both groups, a disruption of the estrous cycle and a decrease in plasma E2 levels were revealed. YB-1-treated mice exhibited no characteristic age-related decline in plasma E2 levels. YB-1 administration did not affect the peripheral level of cytokines. Thus, a novel, previously undescribed effect of YB-1 on plasma E2 levels in aging female mice is demonstrated, suggesting that YB-1 may be a promising drug in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Further experiments are needed to gain a deeper insight into the mechanisms of YB-1 action.
Wideband angle of arrival estimation using the SAGE algorithm (2002)

In the last few years, issues concerning the spatial resolution of the received electromagnetic field have attracted a lot of attention in mobile communications. A new method for the high resolution of the electromagnetic field with respect to both the incidence direction and delay is presented. The underlying discrete propagation model relies on the assumption that a finite known number of transverse electromagnetic plane waves characterized by their complex amplitude, propagation delay, and azimuthal incidence direction are impinging in a neighborhood of the receiver position. A space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization (SAGE) algorithm is proposed to replace the high-dimensional optimization procedure necessary to compute the joint maximum-likelihood estimate of the waves parameters by several separate maximization processes which can be performed sequentially. The resolution and the mean convergence rate of the scheme are evaluated by means of Monte-Carlo simulations considering discrete synthetic propagation environments. Finally, the applicability of the SAGE algorithm to real propagation environments is demonstrated.
Whole body air displacement plethysmography compared with hydrodensitometry for body composition analysis (2000)

Plethysmography was more readily accepted and had better precision than hydrodensitometry. It also provided similar body composition results for the group but not for all individual children.
A first-in-class, first-in-human phase I trial of p28, a non-HDM2-mediated peptide inhibitor of p53 ubiquitination in patients with metastatic refractory solid tumors. (2011)

2511 Background: A 28 aa peptide (p28) derived from azurin, a redox protein secreted from the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, preferentially enters a wide variety of cancer cells and inhibits their proliferation at G2/M through a non HDM2 mediated post translational increase in the level of wild type and mutated p53. Methods: Refractory (Stage IV) solid tumor patients (15) with p53+ lesions (>10% cells; IHC) were enrolled in an escalating, 5 dose level (.83, 1.66, 2.5, 3.33 and 4.16 mg/kg) Phase I trial to evaluate safety, tolerability, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) of p28 as a single agent. p28 was administered 3 X per week for 4 weeks as an iv bolus with a two week PK break before the next, higher dose. Serum and tumor specimens were assessed for levels of p28. Results: To date, none of the 14 patients evaluated exhibited an immune (IgG) response or toxicity grade > 1. This group consisted of 7 melanoma, 4 colon, 1 pancreatic, 1 prostate and 1 sarcoma patient(s), with a median age of 61, age range of 51-71, and ECOG performance status of 0-2 including those receiving the highest dose level. Consequently, the NAOEL and MTD were above the highest dose studied. p28 distributes rapidly (t½ α, 0.1 hr), has a prolonged terminal half-life (t½ γ > 1.7 hr above 2.5 mg/kg) where distribution (Vdss) is maximal. Tumor levels mirrored serum concentrations. Objective responses were observed in target lesions of 8 of 14 patients evaluated to date (1 CR, 7 PR). Patient survival paralleled objective response. The current range in overall survival for patients initially receiving dose levels 1-5 was 2-4, 5-13.5, 3.5-11, 1.5-6 and 2.5-4.5 months, respectively. Currently, 6 of 11 patients receiving dose levels 2-5 remain alive; one with a CR. Conclusions: p28 may provide a new opportunity to improve overall survival in patients with metastatic, p53+ solid tumors as a single agent without significant toxicity.
Motion blur reduction by pre-emphasis with motion adaptive synthetic detail signals (2009)

This paper describes a new method for motion deblurring on hold-type displays which applies a synthetically generated motion adaptive detail signal to pre-emphasize the frames of a moving image sequence before displaying. In contrast to the motion compensated inverse filtering (MCIF), the new approach ensures a controllable processing in edge areas with less peaking and a higher noise-robustness. As the new approach only processes edges, a combination of the new approach and MCIF is proposed as well. In this case also detailed areas are processed, yielding a sharper perceived image impression.
Stochastic electromagnetic-circuit simulation for system-level EMI analysis (2017)

A stochastic electromagnetic-circuit modeling workflow is presented for the computer-aided analysis of electromagnetic interference effects in multi-scale, shielded environments. The multi-scale complexity of the environment is tackled through the selective relaxation of the full electromagnetic coupling between different sub-domains when appropriate. The Stochastic Collocation technique is relied upon for the sampling of the random space. The proposed methodology is demonstrated through its application to the modeling of radiated noise coupling to a High Speed Link circuit inside a partially shielded metallic enclosure.
Automated-mode radius measurement using the variable aperture method in the far field (1984)

The mode radius, a measure of the size of the LP01 mode, is considered an important parameter to specify and control in the manufacture of single-mode optical fibers. Of primary interest is the parameter's direct relationship to splice loss.
Vorbemerkung (2009)

Nach zwei Jahrzehnten Verhandlung gelang in der Metall- und Elektroindustrie der Abschluss von Entgeltrahmenabkommen (ERA), die bislang für Arbeiter und Angestellte unterschiedliche Regelungen bei der Bestimmung von Grundentgelt und Leistungsvergütung vereinheitlichen. Die Tarifvertragsparteien betonen, damit eine zeitgemäße, den Bedürfnissen der Betriebe entsprechende und gerechte Bewertungssystematik vereinbart zu haben. Beschäftigte und Betriebsräte empfinden die Stellenbewertungen auf der Grundlage der neuen Systematik aber nicht selten als ungerecht, vor allem natürlich, wenn damit Einbußen verbunden sind. Die nähere Betrachtung zeigt allerdings: Ursächlich sind oft nicht die Bestimmungen des ERA, sondern der Umstand, dass seine Implementation in den Betrieben zu einer umfassenden Re-Kalibrierung der Grundentgelte am Maßstab des Flächentarifvertrags genutzt wird. Gleichwohl steht vor allem die Gewerkschaft vor Legitimationsproblemen. Dieses Buch geht am Beispiel Nordrhein-Westfalens der Frage nach, wie im Spannungsfeld zwischen Tarifvertrag und betrieblichen Interessen- und Machtkonstellationen Arbeitsbewertung vollzogen wird und welche politischen Konsequenzen das hat.
Submaximal exercise testing early after myocardial infarction. Prognostic importance of exercise induced ST segment elevation. (1984)

Seventy four patients (66 men, eight women; mean age 54.3 years) underwent submaximal exercise testing 7-23 days (mean 10.7) after acute myocardial infarction. Follow up was a mean period of 11.3 months. When compared with patients with no exercise induced abnormality, ST segment elevation, ST shift (depression or elevation or both), ST depression, inability to complete five metabolic equivalents, and inadequate blood pressure response to exercise were predictive of subsequent cardiac events (cardiac death, left ventricular failure, recurrent myocardial infarction, angina). When the presence or absence of specific variables was assessed, only ST elevation and ST shift predicted subsequent cardiac events. The presence of exercise induced ST elevation was the only exercise test variable which predicted cardiac death. ST segment elevation was, therefore, the exercise induced abnormality which best predicted the risk of future complications.
Blood Glucose Level Monitoring Using an FMCW Millimeter-Wave Radar Sensor (2020)

In this article, a novel sensing approach is presented for glucose level monitoring where a robust low-power millimeter(mm)-wave radar system is used to differentiate between blood samples of disparate glucose concentrations in the range 0.5 to 3.5 mg/mL. The proposed radar sensing mechanism shows greater capabilities for remote detection of blood glucose inside test tubes through detecting minute changes in their dielectric properties. In particular, the reflected mm-waves that represent unique signatures for the internal synthesis and composition of the tested blood samples, are collected from the multi-channels of the radar and analyzed using signal processing techniques to identify different glucose concentrations and correlate them to the reflected mm-wave readings. The mm-wave spectrum is chosen for glucose sensing in this study after a set of preliminary experiments that investigated the dielectric permittivity behavior of glucose-loaded solutions across different frequency bands. In this regard, a newly-developed commercial coaxial probe kit (DAK-TL) is used to characterize the electromagnetic properties of glucose-loaded samples in a broad range of frequencies from 300 MHz to 67 GHz using two different 50 Ω open-coaxial probes. This would help to determine the portion of the frequency spectrum that is more sensitive to slight variations in glucose concentrations as indicated by the amount of change in the dielectric constant and loss tangent parameters due to the different concentrations under test. The mm-wave frequency range 50 to 67 GHz has shown to be promising for acquiring both high sensitivity and sufficient penetration depth for the most interaction between the glucose molecules and electromagnetic waves. The processed results have indicated the reliability of using mm-wave radars in identifying changes in blood glucose levels while monitoring trends among those variations. Particularly, blood samples of higher glucose concentrations are correlated with reflected mm-wave signals of greater energy. The proposed system could likely be adapted in the future as a portable non-invasive continuous blood glucose level monitoring for daily use by diabetics.
Lipids: Cellular Metabolism (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Summary Dietary Sources of Lipids Lipid Biosynthesis Cellular Roles of Lipids Eicosanoid Production and Regulation Dietary Requirements for Fatty Acids Dietary Fatty Acids and Disease Risk Future Directions Acknowledgments
Reaction of Carbazoles with Nickel Peroxide (1967)

ニッケル塩をアルカリ性で次亜ハ資ゲン酸ナトリウムで酸化すると過酸化ニッケルが得られる。著者はこの過酸化ニッケルの化学的性状を知る目的で研究を行なってきたが,本報ではカルバゾール類との反応結果について報告する。カルバゾール(I)と過酸化ニヅケルとを反応させると,9,9'-ビカルバゾール(II),9,3'i:9,9''テルカルバゾール(III)および多重合体の混合物を得た。この反応の機構を明確にするために3,6,9位に置換基を有するカルバゾール類およびジフェニレンオキシド,ジフェニレソスルフィドについて,過酸化ニヅケルを用いる酸化反応を試み,その反応性,生成物からこの反応の機構について検討した。また,同じ固体酸化剤である活性二酸化マンガンについて反応を試み,過酸化ニッケルの方が強い酸化力を持つことを知った。Tuckerらはカルパゾールを過マソガン酸カリウムで酸化し,“`ジカルパジルA,B”および非晶形のC物質を得たと報告している。しかし,AがIIであることを決定したのみで,BおよびCについては未解決であった。著者はこのTucker法を追試し,B物質はビカルバゾールではなく,IIIの三量体であることを明白にした。またC物質についても検討し,このものは単一物質ではなく,II,IIIおよび多量体の混合物であることを明らかにした。