gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative mapping of functional MAO-A in the brain with radioiodinated clorgyline derivative (1994)

The alteration of monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity in the brain may be associated with a number of neurological and psychiatric disorders. C-11 labeled clorgyline and deprenyl have been reported as imaging agents for MAO in the human brain. In order to expand this imaging technique to SPECT, the authors have reported the synthesis and biological evaluation of a number of iodinated clorgyline derivatives. On this basis, 2,4-dichloro-6-iodo-clorgyline analog (SIC) was selected as the most potential agent for mapping MAO-A with SPECT. In this paper, quantitative mapping of functional MAO-A in the brain with this compound was estimated. Pretreatment study with clorgyline showed the selective binding to MAO-A in the brain at 24 hr post injection of I-125-SIC. Good linear correlation between the enzyme activity and the brain up-take of I-125-SIC was observed in the pretreated study with several dose of clorgyline. Furthermore, local MAO-A activity was estimated by the autoradiographic method. High MAO-A activities were observed in midbrain and pons. This result was well agreed with another reported value obtained in vitro assay. In conclusion, this compound is indicated to be variable for quantitative analysis of MAO-A in the brain with SPECT.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF SOME FERROCENYL‐ AND 2‐THIENYLACETYLENES (1978)

Abstract Aus den Cu‐acetyliden (I) erhält man mit den Iodiden (II) die Kondensationsprodukte (III), analog wird (IV) erhalten.
Single-cell analysis of human skin identifies CD14+ type 3 dendritic cells co-producing IL1B and IL23A in psoriasis (2021)

Inflammatory skin diseases including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis (PSO) are underpinned by dendritic cell (DC)-mediated T cell responses. Currently, the heterogeneous human cutaneous DC population is incompletely characterized, and its contribution to these diseases remains unclear. Here, we performed index-sorted single-cell flow cytometry and RNA sequencing of lesional and nonlesional AD and PSO skin to identify macrophages and all DC subsets, including the newly described mature LAMP3+BIRC3+ DCs enriched in immunoregulatory molecules (mregDC) and CD14+ DC3. By integrating our indexed data with published skin datasets, we generated a myeloid cell universe of DC and macrophage subsets in healthy and diseased skin. Importantly, we found that CD14+ DC3s increased in PSO lesional skin and co-produced IL1B and IL23A, which are pathological in PSO. Our study comprehensively describes the molecular characteristics of macrophages and DC subsets in AD and PSO at single-cell resolution, and identifies CD14+ DC3s as potential promoters of inflammation in PSO.
Supplementary Information from “3G” Trial: An RNA Editing Signature to Guide Gastric Cancer Chemotherapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
The development of ferroelectric LCDs for display applications (1993)

Abstract— Ferroelectric LCDs have shown promise for use in high‐speed or highly multiplexed flat‐panel displays. Before ferroelectric liquid‐crystal technology could be implemented in practical devices, a number of significant problems had to be overcome. It is believed that all the remaining problems have now been removed, leaving the way open for large‐scale production of computer displays and the potential for larger devices to rival competing active‐matrix and supertwist display technologies. This paper will review the significant developments of FLCDs, illustrated by examples from both CRL and other laboratories.
Dynamics of the O + ClO Reaction: Reactive and Vibrational Relaxation Processes (2014)

Classical trajectories have been integrated to study the O + ClO reaction, both reactive and vibrational energy transfer processes, for the range of temperatures 100 ≤ T/K ≤ 500 using momentum Gaussian binning. The employed potential energy surface is the recently proposed single-sheeted double many-body expansion potential energy surface for the (2)A" ground-state of ClO2 based on multireference ab initio data. A capture-type regime with a room-temperature rate constant of (17.8 ± 0.5) × 10(-12) cm(3) s(-1) and temperature dependence of k(T/K)/cm(3) s(-1) = 22.4 × 10(-12) × T(-0.81) exp(-39.2/T) has been found. Although the value reported here is half of the experimental and recommended one, tentative explanations are given. Other dynamical attributes are also examined for the title reaction, with state-to-all and state-to-state vibrational relaxation and excitation rate constants reported for temperatures of relevance in stratospheric chemistry.
Micro-analysis of Mineral Saturation Within Enamel During Lactic Acid Demineralization (1988)

In this study, the physicochemical factors responsible for caries-like lesion propagation were investigated by means of a micro-analytical system used to study the fluid within a lesion during a simulation of the decay process. Four 500-microns-thick serial sections prepared from a single human molar were mounted between glass plates with only the natural surface of the tooth exposed. Microwells were then drilled into sound and pre-existing carious regions of the section through one of the plates. These microwells were then filled with fluid under mineral oil, and after a week of equilibration, the natural surface of the section was exposed to a lesion-producing fluid. The concentrations of calcium, phosphate, and hydrogen ions of the fluid in the wells were then followed as a function of time as the lesion advanced. The results of this study, in which lactic acid was used to demineralize enamel, were consistent with those previously reported (Vogel et al., 1987a): The solution within the lesion remained saturated during the acid attack. Differences in initial mobilities of the calcium and phosphate and other ions, a result of the permselectivity of the enamel, increased the concentrations within the lesion and permanently changed the ratio of these ions in the lesion solution. Based on these results, we suggest that the ionic permselectivity of tooth enamel can have a profound effect on the transport of mineral from a caries lesion.
A novel psychoacoustically motivated audio enhancement algorithm preserving background noise characteristics (2002)

In this paper we propose an algorithm for reduction of noise in audio signals. In contrast to several previous approaches we do not try to achieve a complete removal of the noise, but instead our goal is to preserve a pre-defined amount of the original noise in the processed signal. This is accomplished by exploiting the masking properties of the human auditory system. The speech and noise distortions are considered separately. The spectral weighting rule, adapted by utilizing only estimates of the masking threshold and the noise power spectral density, has been designed to guarantee complete masking of distortions of the residual noise. Simulation results confirm that no audible artifacts are left in the processed signal, while speech distortions are comparable to those caused by conventional noise reduction techniques.
Leader-Follower Formation Stabilization Control for Planar Underactuated Vehicle Networks (2021)

In this paper, we solve the distributed leader-follower formation stabilization control problem for generic planar underactuated vehicle networks without global position measurements. The vehicles in the network are modeled as generic 3-DOF planar rigid bodies with two control inputs. By incorporating graph theory, passivity-based control, partial stability theory, Matrosov’s theorem and the persistence of excitation concept, a smooth time-varying formation control law is proposed to address the formation stabilization problem. Moreover, the structure of the controller is simple compared to the existing controllers in the literature, and thus, is practical and easy to implement. Simulations on a group of underactuated surface vessels are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.
España en el Mediterráneo: entre las relaciones hispano-árabes y el reconocimiento del Estado de Israel (pdf 175kB) (2007)

Este articulo se centra en el impacto que, en las relaciones hispano-arabes, causo el nacimiento del Estado de Israel en el contexto de la politica exterior espanola. El aislamiento internacional impuesto por Naciones Unidas al regimen de Franco al termino de la Segunda Guerra Mundial condiciono el reconocimiento del nuevo Estado y el establecimiento de relaciones diplomaticas por parte de Espana hasta 1 986. Esta vision historica permite comprender por que las relaciones con el mundo arabe se convirtieron en una prioridad para los diferentes gobiernos espanoles, los cuales a veces por el convencimiento de la existencia de una deuda historica con los gobiernos arabes, a veces por la mitificacion de las consecuencias que podrian seguir al reconocimiento del Estado de Israel, a veces por conveniencia politica de una u otra parte, la realidad es que se sucedieron practicamente tres decadas de desencuentros entre estos dos paises, Espana e Israel, que compartian a su vez vinculos igualmente historicos.
Vibration-Based Measurement of Activated Cylinders in Reciprocating Machines (2022)

Vibration signals from rotating and reciprocating machines provide insights into machine health and operating parameters. Reciprocating machines often feature cylinder deactivation systems for increased efficiency. This article presents a vibration-based method for the detection of activated cylinders in reciprocating machines. Simulated compressor vibration signals demonstrate the effect of cylinder conditions on spectral-coherence and mean-envelope-spectrum (MES) estimates. Physical parameters of the mechanical system and the results of the simulations advise the proposed method. With an appropriately chosen region of interest (ROI), the MES-based indicator (MESbI) correctly identified the number of activated cylinders of a four-cylinder reciprocating refrigeration compressor in both field and laboratory test setups. A discussion section addresses measurement uncertainty and calibration, and provides an example application.
How effective is the IEEE 802.11 RTS/CTS handshake in ad hoc networks (2003)

IEEE 802.11 MAC mainly relies on two techniques to combat interference: physical carrier sensing and RTS/CTS handshake (also known as "virtual carrier sensing"). Ideally, the RTS/CTS handshake can eliminate most interference. However, the effectiveness of RTS/CTS handshake is based on the assumption that hidden nodes are within transmission range of receivers. In this paper, we prove using analytic models that in ad hoc networks, such an assumption cannot hold due to the fact that power needed for interrupting a packet reception is much lower than that of delivering a packet successfully. Thus, the "virtual carrier sensing" implemented by RTS/CTS handshake cannot prevent all interference. Physical carrier sensing can complement this in some degree. However, since interference happens at receivers, while physical carrier sensing is detecting transmitters (the same problem causing the hidden terminal situation), physical carrier sensing cannot help much, unless a very large carrier sensing range is adopted, which is limited by the antenna sensitivity. We investigate how effective is the RTS/CTS handshake in terms of reducing interference. We show that in some situations, the interference range is much larger than transmission range, where RTS/CTS cannot function well. Then, a simple MAC layer scheme is proposed to solve this problem. Simulation results verify that our scheme can help IEEE 802.11 resolve most interference caused by large interference range.
LPV based robust MPC for a multi-vectored airship (2017)

This paper develops a linear parameter varying(LPV) based robust model predictive control(MPC) method for a multi-vectored airship, the speed of the forward flight channel is considered. The nonlinear model of the airship is introduced with kinematics and dynamics. Then, in order to obtain the LPV models, the small perturbation linearization method is used. After that, the higher order singular value decomposition (HOSVD) based Tensor Product(TP) model transformation is used, which is capable of uniformly transforming LPV models into polytopic forms and reduce the vertexes of it. The feedback control law is derived by using robust MPC theory that minimise a min-max cost function. Simulation results for the forward velocity control of the multi-vectored airship are illustrated to prove robustness and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Widely tunable erbium-doped fiber ring laser covering both C-band and L-band (2001)

We demonstrate a widely tunable erbium-doped fiber (EDF) ring laser covering both the conventional wavelength band (C-band) and the long wavelength band (L-band). It features a wide tunable range, high output power, low-coherent, and depolarized output. A tunable range over 80 nm (1520-1600 nm) has been achieved by optimizing the length of the EDF and by using an intracavity fiber Fabry-Perot (FFP) filter.
Ab initiostudies of GaN epitaxial growth on SiC (1995)

Ab initio methods were used to investigate the initial stages of GaN epitaxial growth on (0001) 6H-SiC. Total energies of four types of interfaces were calculated. Polarity matching at the interface plays a fundamental role in determining the lower-energy structures, yielding strong binding for Si-N and C-Ga interfaces and very weak binding for Si-Ga and C-N. We therefore predict that Si-terminated substrates will produce ideally Ga-terminated films, whereas C-terminated substrates will produce ideally N-terminated films. This prediction suggests reinterpretation of recent experiments.
Microscopic Damage in Paper.Part I: Method of Analysis (2000)

Nous decrivons comment on peut mesurer l'etendue spatiale du dommage microscopique le long de la ligne de fissure du papier. Une zone large endommagee signifie qu'une grande energie de rupture est consommee lors de la rupture des liaisons interfibres. Une zone etroite comparativement a la longueur de la fibre signifie que les fibres se cassent lors de la rupture du papier. Dans cette premiere partie, la methode d'analyse decrite est celle de l'analyse de l'image. Nous expliquons le choix de parametres utilises qui representent le mieux le dommage reel. La discrimination de l'analyse pour divers papiers est une methode logique. Les applications systematiques feront l'objet d'une deuxieme partie.
Vägen till ofriheten (2008)

Artikeln behandlar transatlantiskt slaveri från 1400-talet till 1800-talet.
On Certifying Non-Uniform Bounds against Adversarial Attacks (2019)

This work studies the robustness certification problem of neural network models, which aims to find certified adversary-free regions as large as possible around data points. In contrast to the existing approaches that seek regions bounded uniformly along all input features, we consider non-uniform bounds and use it to study the decision boundary of neural network models. We formulate our target as an optimization problem with nonlinear constraints. Then, a framework applicable for general feedforward neural networks is proposed to bound the output logits so that the relaxed problem can be solved by the augmented Lagrangian method. Our experiments show the non-uniform bounds have larger volumes than uniform ones and the geometric similarity of the non-uniform bounds gives a quantitative, dataagnostic metric of input features’ robustness. Further, compared with normal models, the robust models have even larger non-uniform bounds and better interpretability.
[Molecular analysis of genetic predispositions to breast cancer]. (1999)

The molecular diagnosis of genetic abnormalities responsible for genetic predisposition to breast cancer is made difficult by the large size of the genes and the diversity of gene mutations found within these genes. The molecular diagnosis of responsible mutations requires the implementation of particular analytical methods, for which we give two examples, the protein truncation test and the direct sequence analysis of the cDNA. Results obtained with these two methods demonstrate the interest of studying the sequence of messenger RNA expressed by predisposing genes. The study also describes an abnormal splicing and two rearrangements responsible for genetic predisposition to breast cancer.
Prenatal choline supplementation improves biomarkers of maternal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) status among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA: a randomized controlled trial (2022)

Prenatal choline supplementation improves hepatic DHA export and biomarkers of DHA status by bolstering methyl group supply for PEMT activity among pregnant participants consuming supplemental DHA. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03194659.
Different functions for the interleukin 8 receptors (IL-8R) of human neutrophil leukocytes: NADPH oxidase and phospholipase D are activated through IL-8R1 but not IL-8R2. (1996)

Two monoclonal antibodies, anti-IL8R1 and anti-IL8R2, raised against both interleukin 8 receptors (IL-8R) of human neutrophils, IL-8R1 and IL-8R2, were used to study individual receptor functions after stimulation with IL-8, GRO alpha, or NAP-2. Efficacy and selectivity of the antibodies were tested in Jurkat cells transfected with cDNA coding for one or the other receptor. The binding of 125 I labeled IL-8 and IL-8-induced changes of the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration were inhibited by anti-IL8RI in cells expressing IL-8R1 and by anti-IL8R2 in cells expressing IL-8R2. In human neutrophils, release of elastase was observed after stimulation with IL-8 or GRO alpha. The response to IL-8 was inhibited slightly by anti-IL8R1 and more substantially when both monoclonal antibodies were present, while the response to GRO alpha was inhibited by anti-IL8R2 but was not affected by anti-IL8R1. These results indicate that both IL-8 receptors can signal independently for granule enzyme release. Superoxide production, a measure of the respiratory burst, was obtained with increasing concentrations of IL-8 with maximum effects at 25 to 50 nM, but no response was observed upon challenge with GRO alpha or NAP-2 up to 1000 nM. The superoxide production induced by IL-8 was inhibited by anti-IL8R1, but was not affected by anti-IL8R2. Stimulation of neutrophils with IL-8, in contrast to GRO alpha or NAP-2, also elicited phospholipase D activity. The effect of IL-8 was again inhibited by anti-IL-8R1 but not by anti-IL8R2, indicating that this response, like the respiratory burst, was mediated by IL-8R1. Taken together, our results show that IL-8R1 and IL-8R2 are functionally different. Responses, such as cytosolic free Ca2+ changes and the release of granule enzymes, are mediated through both receptors, whereas the respiratory burst and the activation of phospholipase D depend exclusively on stimulation through IL-8R1.
Robust Nitritation of Anaerobic Digester Centrate Using Dual Stressors and Timed Alkali Additions (2021)

Nitrogen is commonly removed from wastewater by nitrification to nitrate followed by nitrate reduction to N<sub>2</sub>. Shortcut N removal saves energy by limiting ammonia oxidation to nitrite, but nitrite accumulation can be unstable. We hypothesized that repeated short-term exposures of ammonia-oxidizing communities to free ammonia (FA) and free nitrous acid (FNA) would stabilize nitritation by selecting against nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Accordingly, we evaluated ammonium oxidation of anaerobic digester centrate in two bench-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), seeded with the same inoculum and operated identically but with differing pH-control strategies. A single stressor SBR (SS/SBR) using pH set-point control produced HNO<sub>3</sub>, while a dual stressor SBR (DS/SBR) using timed alkalinity addition (TAA) produced HNO<sub>2</sub> (ammonium removal efficiency of 97 ± 2%; nitrite accumulation ratio of 98 ± 1%). The TAA protocol was developed during an adaptation period with continuous pH monitoring. After adaptation, automated TAA enabled stable nitritation without set-point control. In the SS/SBR, repeatedly exposing the community to FA (8-10 h/exposure, one exposure/cycle) selected for FA-tolerant ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (<i>Nitrosomonas</i> sp. <i>NM107</i>) and NOB (<i>Nitrobacter</i> sp.). In the DS/SBR, repeatedly exposing the community to FA (2-4 h/exposure, three exposures/cycle) and FNA (4-6 h/exposure, two exposures/cycle) selected for FA- and FNA-resistant AOB (<i>Nitrosomonas IWT514</i>) and against NOB, stabilizing nitritation.
Reduced complexity tone classifier for automatic tonal speech recognizer (2012)

A tone classifier is an essential part of an automatic tonal speech recognizer (ATSR) because tonal languages recognize word meaning by tones. However, many researchers have developed a highly efficient tone recognition by using rich mathematical techniques and used the whole input speech as an input of pitch detection process. This paper proposes a reduced complexity tone classifier for the automatic tonal speech recognizer. The classifier reduces the number of input frames by detecting only the vowel signals as an input of the pitch detection, called vowel-AMDF (V-AMDF). The classifier uses a lower number of floating-point operations (FLOPs) than used in the whole input speech method. Due to the reduced number of FLOPs, this tone classifier can be suitable for portable electronic equipment. In addition, V-AMDF reduces F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> contour errors caused by the influence from neighboring syllables. This proposed classifier was tested and set by 19 Thai words, selected from voice activation for GPS system and phone dialing options. The experimental results show 86.0% recognition accuracy, and 21.8% reduction in the number of FLOPs, compared with using the whole input speech.
Programmable Patterning of Protein Bioactivity by Visible Light (2014)

The simple and quick patterning of functional proteins on engineered surfaces affords an opportunity to fabricate protein microarrays in lab-on-chip systems. We report on the programmable patterning of proteins as well as the local activation of enzymes by visible light. We successfully generated functional protein patterns with different geometries in situ and demonstrated the specific patterning of multiple kinds of proteins side-by-side without the need for specific linker molecules or elaborate surface preparation.
작은 두께주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울의 반사율 계산 (2018)

다층박막거울은 규소나 게르마늄과 같은 단결정 회절소자를 대체할 수 있는 광학소자로 수 나노미터 두께의 인공적인 회절 평면을 갖는다. 작은 두께 주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울에서 박막의 두께 변화에 따른 첫 번째 브래그 각도 및 반사율 저하를 조사하였다. 작은 두께 주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울은 0.55° 및 17.5 keV에서 최대 반사율을 나타내도록 설계되었고 72.67%의 반사율을 보였다. 텅스텐 및 규소의 박막 두께가 동일하게 변화되었을 때 첫 번째 브래그 각도의 변화 및 반사율 저하가 관찰되었다. 다층박막거울에서 텅스텐 박막중 하나의 층에서만 두께 변화가 있을 때는 반사율의 변화는 없지만 포락선의 요철이 관찰되었다. 무작위적인 가우시안 두께 변화에서도 반사율 저하가 관찰되었다. 작은 두께 주기를 갖는 W/Si 다층박막거울에서 두께 변화에 따른 반사율의 저하를 통해 제작되는 다층박막거울의 공차를 예측할 수 있을 것이다.
Interface-driven conductance transition in nanostructured polymer networks (2009)

We report an anomalous electronic transport signature in polyaniline nanofiber networks probed via the temperature-dependent dc conductivity $[{\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{dc}(T)]$, reflectance $[R(\ensuremath{\omega},T)]$ over a broad frequency range $(300--50\text{ }000\text{ }{\text{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$, and x-ray diffraction. We determined that disorder and localization dominate the bulk charge dynamics and propose that the origin of the atypical electronic transport signature in the nanofibers networks is the ``fragile'' nature of the conductance at the nanofiber interfaces resulting from the strong $T$-dependent localization of electronic states in the nanostructure interface regions.