gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of the Engineered Indole Pathway on Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in Catharanthus roseus Hairy Roots (2007)

Catharanthus roseus has been well-known to contain indole alkaloids effective for treatment of diverse cancers. We examined the intracellular accumulation profiles of phenolic compounds in response to ectopic overexpression of tryptophan feedback-resistant anthranilate synthase holoenzyme (ASalphabeta) in C. roseus hairy roots. Among 13 phenolic compounds measured, 6 phenolic compounds were detected in late exponential phase ASalphabeta hairy roots. Uninduced and induced ASalphabeta hairy roots accumulated up to 1.2 and 4.5 mg/g DW over a 72-h period, respectively. Upon induction, in parallel with a rapid increase in tryptophan in the first 48 h, accumulation of phenolic compounds tended to increase to a maximum level (4.5 mg/g DW) at 48 h, after which phenolic levels decreased back to the uninduced level by 72 h. Naringin was a predominant form that comprised about 72% and 36% of the total content of phenolic compounds in the uninduced and induced lines, respectively. Upon induction, accumulation of catechin drastically increased with the highest level (3.6 mg/g) occurring at 48 h, whereas that of all others except for salicylic acid showed no statistical difference. Catechin is a final product of the flavonoid pathway, and thus metabolic flux into this pathway is transiently increased by overexpression of AS. Like catechin, salicylic acid is very sensitive to induction as it began to increase to 5-fold within 4 h of induction, but unlike catechin, no significant accumulation of salicylic acid was noted after 4 h of induction. The results suggest differential regulation of this particular biosynthesis branch within the phenolic pathway.
Observations on rearing Luffia spp. (Lepidoptera: Psychidae) under controlled environmental conditions, with taxonomic notes (1999)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Measurements of Wavelength Dispersion and Ultrashort Light Pulse-Form Using Interferometric Correlation Techniques. (1995)

Here we review the phase related measurements, that is, the dispersion measurement andthe pulse chirp measurement, which lay fundamental bases for the modern ultrafast optics. With an emphasis on the interferometric correlation methods, various methods are categorizedand compared. Recent advance in the dispersion-meter enables femtosecond group-delaymeasurements up to the laser cavity. For the pulse-form evaluation, novel methods using reconstruction algorithm can lead to the full-and detailed determination of the pulse electricfield.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of a 2,3‐Dihydroindole Mediated by N‐Methylephedrine (1984)

Cyclization of the prochiral starting material 1 to the almost enantiomerically pure product 2, R = n-Pr, proceeded in the presence of the chiral catalyst formed from n-BuLi and N-methylephedrine 3. (+)-3 leads to (−)-2 and (−)-3 to (+)-2 (>95%ee). However, this result was not achieved with other substituents R in 1.
A Note on The Drivers of R&D Intensity (2008)

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the extent to which technological specialization influences the observed R&D intensity of countries. The econometric analysis performed on a cross-country cross-industry panel dataset (21 industrial sectors, 18 countries, from 2001 to 2004) suggests that accounting for the technological specialisation of countries substantially affect the traditional country ranking. The exceptions are Sweden, The United States, France and Japan, which have an ‘above-than-average’ R&D intensity in most industries, as compared to the 14 other countries. The high level of R&D intensity of South Korea and Finland, for instance, is essentially due to their specialisation in R&D-intensive industries, and not to a macroeconomic environment particularly favourable to R&D.
Architecture of the Human Lung (1962)

An attempt has been made to define quantitatively the architecture of airways and blood vessels of the human lung. For this purpose five normal lungs from individuals aged 8 to 74 years were subjected to a dimensional analysis by several methods of measurement based on statistical principles. The elements of the "respiratory zone" may be regarded as randomly distributed in the lung. There are essentially the same number of alveoli (300 million), alveolar ducts (14 million), and capillary segments (280 billion) in all lungs. The dimensions of these architectural elements are shown to depend mainly on the size of the lung. The effect on these dimensions of such functional variables as the degree of inflation of the lung or of the filling of capillaries with blood are discussed. The alveolar and alveolar-capillary surface areas, which are of importance in the analysis of gas exchange between air and blood, are found to increase with the size of the lung. In our material, both varied in the range of 40 to 80 square meters. The elements of the conductive zone of the lung show a polar orientation. The airways have, on the average, 23 generations of dichotomous branching; the pulmonary arteries reach the precapillaries after about 28 generations. The average diameters of the airway and blood-vessel elements at each generation appear to follow the laws of "best" dimensions. The functional significance of this finding is discussed. It is suggested that morphometric studies conducted according to this general model may be useful in the anatomical description of other organs (16).
Artificial intelligence and machine learning in clinical development: a translational perspective (2019)

Future of clinical development is on the verge of a major transformation due to convergence of large new digital data sources, computing power to identify clinically meaningful patterns in the data using efficient artificial intelligence and machine-learning algorithms, and regulators embracing this change through new collaborations. This perspective summarizes insights, recent developments, and recommendations for infusing actionable computational evidence into clinical development and health care from academy, biotechnology industry, nonprofit foundations, regulators, and technology corporations. Analysis and learning from publically available biomedical and clinical trial data sets, real-world evidence from sensors, and health records by machine-learning architectures are discussed. Strategies for modernizing the clinical development process by integration of AI- and ML-based digital methods and secure computing technologies through recently announced regulatory pathways at the United States Food and Drug Administration are outlined. We conclude by discussing applications and impact of digital algorithmic evidence to improve medical care for patients.
Hierarchical subspace sampling (2002)

With the increased abilities for automated data collection made possible by modern technology, the typical sizes of data collections have continued to grow in recent years. In such cases, it may be desirable to store the data in a reduced format in order to improve the storage, transfer time, and processing requirements on the data. One of the challenges of designing effective data compression techniques is to be able to preserve the ability to use the reduced format directly for a wide range of database and data mining applications. In this paper, we propose the novel idea of hierarchical subspace sampling in order to create a reduced representation of the data. The method is naturally able to estimate the local implicit dimensionalities of each point very effectively, and thereby create a variable dimensionality reduced representation of the data. Such a technique has the advantage that it is very adaptive about adjusting its representation depending upon the behavior of the immediate locality of a data point. An interesting property of the subspace sampling technique is that unlike all other data reduction techniques, the overall efficiency of compression improves with increasing database size. This is a highly desirable property for any data reduction system since the problem itself is motivated by the large size of data sets. Because of its sampling approach, the procedure is extremely fast and scales linearly both with data set size and dimensionality. Furthermore, the subspace sampling technique is able to reveal important local subspace characteristics of high dimensional data which can be harnessed for effective solutions to problems such as selectivity estimation and approximate nearest neighbor search.
Nonlinearity measurements and write precompensation studies for a PRML recording channel (1995)

A general overview of nonlinearity measurement techniques is presented. For each technique, its accuracy, flexibility, and efficiency are studied analytically, assuming a recording system having only nonlinear transition shift and partial erasure. To distinguish partial erasure from nonlinear transition shift, a new frequency domain method is proposed. The test method was applied to study write current optimization, semi-contact recording and MR playback. Finally, a correlation factor, that relates the nonlinear measurement result to the optimal write precompensation level, is given based upon spinstand experiments. This correlation factor is then verified quantitatively utilizing an analytical model which includes only nonlinear transition shift.
What is the Grid (2002)

The Need for a Clear Definition Grids have moved from the obscurely academic to the highly popular. We read about Compute Grids, Data Grids, Science Grids, Access Grids, Knowledge Grids, Bio Grids, Sensor Grids, Cluster Grids, Campus Grids, Tera Grids, and Commodity Grids. The skeptic can be forgiven for wondering if there is more to the Grid than, as one wag put it, a “funding concept”—and, as industry becomes involved, a marketing slogan. If by deploying a scheduler on my local area network I create a “Cluster Grid,” then doesn’t my Network File System deployment over that same network provide me with a “Storage Grid?” Indeed, isn’t my workstation, coupling as it does processor, memory, disk, and network card, a “PC Grid?” Is there any computer system that isn’t a Grid?
Safety and Security: Load Sensing for Improved Construction Site Safety (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Equipment and data processing Calibration Sensor head configuration Wireless communication components Laboratory work Uplift monitoring Field measurements Construction site specifics Logistics of field site work Site data acquisition Wireless data acquisition for smart shoring Field use and representative data Conclusion References
The evolution of white matter microstructural changes after mild traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal DTI and NODDI study (2020)

Neuroimaging biomarkers that can detect white matter (WM) pathology after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and predict long-term outcome are needed to improve care and develop therapies. We used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) to investigate WM microstructure cross-sectionally and longitudinally after mTBI and correlate these with neuropsychological performance. Cross-sectionally, early decreases of fractional anisotropy and increases of mean diffusivity corresponded to WM regions with elevated free water fraction on NODDI. This elevated free water was more extensive in the patient subgroup reporting more early postconcussive symptoms. The longer-term longitudinal WM changes consisted of declining neurite density on NODDI, suggesting axonal degeneration from diffuse axonal injury for which NODDI is more sensitive than DTI. Therefore, NODDI is a more sensitive and specific biomarker than DTI for WM microstructural changes due to mTBI that merits further study for mTBI diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment monitoring.
Metals Fabrication: Understanding the Basics (2013)

Covers the basics of metal fabrication, delving deep into the technology of metals fabrication. Topics include: primary mill fabrication, casting, bulk deformation, forming, machining, heat treatment, finishing and coating, and powder metallurgy. This book can be read and understood by anyone with a technical background; it is useful to anyone who deals with metals including designers, mechanical engineers, civil engineers, structural engineers, material and process engineers, manufacturing engineers, faculty, and materials science students.
Enforced dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 expression by adenovirus‐mediated gene transfer inhibits tumor growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer (2021)

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal tumors with good outcomes; however, with distant metastasis, the outcomes are poor. Novel treatment methods are urgently needed. Our in vitro studies indicate that dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) functions as a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer by regulating cell survival, proliferation, and apoptosis induction. In addition, DYRK2 expression is decreased in tumor tissues compared to nontumor tissues in colorectal cancer, indicating a correlation with clinical prognosis. In this context, we devised a novel therapeutic strategy to overexpress DYRK2 in tumors by adenovirus-mediated gene transfer. The present study shows that overexpression of DYRK2 in colon cancer cell lines by adenovirus inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, in mouse subcutaneous xenograft and liver metastasis models, enforced expression of DYRK2 by direct or intravenous injection of adenovirus to the tumor significantly inhibits tumor growth. Taken together, these findings show that adenovirus-based overexpression of DYRK2 could be a novel gene therapy for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoxazolo(4,5‐d)pyrimidinones, and Their Isomerization into Oxazolo(4,5‐d)pyrimidinones on Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nissan's New “High-Drivability” Vibration Control System (1989)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Attenuation of fore and after vehicle vibration caused by transient throttle pedal maneuvering is a key factor in achieving a good drivability.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The dynamics of this vibration is analyzed considering torque generated by combustion as the exciting force. The relationship between vibration attenuation and improvement of drivability is determined using a subjective, low frequency vibration test. Through these analyses and tests, a new vibration control system is developed which controls the above noted torque by providing optimum adjustment of ignition timing. Decreasing fore and after vehicle vibration without adversely affecting vehicle performance, this control system improves drivability in both FF and FR cars by more than 1.0 evaluation point.&lt;/div&gt;
An ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system with offset incidence magnetron sources onto a rotating substrate (1999)

An ultrahigh vacuum sputtering system with offset incidence magnetron sources has been designed and developed to deposit thin films and multilayers with excellent film thickness uniformity, precise control over layer thickness, and surface and interface roughness. The unique feature of the system is that the sputtering guns are aligned at 35° oblique incidence onto a rotating substrate with a 60 mm offset from the substrate center, which make full use of the best linearity of the plasma flux at the substrate, and therefore, deposit extremely uniform thin films. Other features include, computer-controlled deposition process, capability of heating the substrate to 1100 °C, and in situ monitoring of thin-film quality with reflection high-energy electron diffraction. The performance of the sputtering system is demonstrated, and a characterization of multilayers deposited by the system using a grazing incidence x-ray reflectivity and high resolution electron microscope is also presented.
A Comprehensive Review of Lubricant Chemistry, Technology, Selection, and Design (2009)

Description Get a comprehensive overview of lubricant technology and its use in formulating new lubricants. This unique, new ASTM manual is written from the perspectives of both chemists and lubrication engineers, and therefore places equal emphasis on the chemistry and the formulation of lubricants. In addition it includes additive technology that is used in petroleum exploration, refining, and fuels. Manual 59 complements ASTM's Fuels and Lubricants Handbook (Manual 37) in that it integrates the information in the Handbook in a manner that will be especially useful to practicing lubrication engineers.
Consumption of Pt Catalyst under Electrolysis and Fuel Cell Operation (2006)

The relationship between the charge transfer of Pt dissolution reaction and the consumption has been investigated to clarify the dissolution mechanisms. It was determined using both the symmetric and asymmetric waves of potential. The charge of Pt oxidation was always larger than that of reduction. The difference of the oxidation and the reduction charges should be caused by the dissolution of Pt. From the relationship between the difference of the charges and the amount of the consumption, the electron number of Pt dissolution reaction was ca. 4. Therefore, the dissolution mechanism under the symmetric wave and asymmetric waves of the slow anodic / the fast cathodic sweep would be Pt → Pt4+ + 4e-. Pt consumption under asymmetric waves of the fast anodic / the slow cathodic sweep was enhanced, and this reaction would be PtO2 + 4H+ + 2e- → Pt2+ + 2H2O. The dissolved Pt2+ was detected with the RRDE measurement.
Tackling the reproducibility problem in storage systems research with declarative experiment specifications (2015)

Validating experimental results in the field of storage systems is a challenging task, mainly due to the many changes in software and hardware that computational environments go through. Determining if an experiment is reproducible entails two separate tasks: re-executing the experiment and validating the results. Existing reproducibility efforts have focused on the former, envisioning techniques and infrastructures that make it easier to re-execute an experiment. In this position paper, we focus on the latter by analyzing the validation workflow that an experiment re-executioner goes through. We notice that validating results is done on the basis of experiment design and high-level goals, rather than exact quantitative metrics. Based on this insight, we introduce a declarative format for specifying the high-level components of an experiment as well as describing generic, testable conditions that serve as the basis for validation. We present a use case in the area of distributed storage systems to illustrate the usefulness of this approach.
Clinical efficacy of florfenicol administered in the drinking water againstOrnithobacterium rhinotrachealein turkeys housed in different environmental conditions: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approach (2013)

In poultry rearing, medicated drinking water is a commonly used administration route, but drug uptake can be affected by many factors. In this study, the influence of two important parameters, the photoperiod and feeding schemes, on florfenicol uptake in turkeys was tested. First, the uptake was determined as the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile of florfenicol; and second, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of florfenicol against Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale. Both experiments were conducted during a 5-day treatment of 30 mg/kg body weight florfenicol administered via drinking water and considering different photoperiods and feeding schemes (group 20/4L: photoperiod of 20 h, fed ad libitum; group 16/8L: photoperiod of 16 h, fed ad libitum; group 16/8R: photoperiod of 16 h, fed ad libitum but feed was withdrawn during the dark period and replaced 1 h after lighting). On day 1 of treatment, all groups showed plasma concentrations above the minimum inhibitory concentration (both MIC50 and MIC90, 1 mg/l) of 37.7%, 63.5% and 53.1% of a 24-h interval for 20/4L, 16/8L and 16/8R, respectively. Only in the 16/8L and 16/8R groups was the MIC also exceeded on day 5 (47.9% and 21.5% of a 24-h interval, respectively). In all groups, a clinical improvement could be noticed, resulting in reduction of the clinical score. However, only the 16/8L and 16/8R groups showed significant differences from the control group. The results demonstrated an important influence of the photoperiod on the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol as well as the clinical outcome in an infection model. It can be advised that the photoperiod should be <20 h to have sufficient drug intake. Nevertheless, there was no effect between fed and fasted turkeys for both the pharmacokinetics and the clinical outcome.
The bucket wheel excavator : development - design - application. (1975)

The presence of cancellous bone determines the choice of location for osteotomies in the metatarsals. The head and base have good cancellous bone, whereas the shaft has cortical bone and a medullary canal which make it a poor choice of osteotomy site. Many practitioners are now using a transverse metaphyseal osteotomy; however, the authors choose the pivotal metaphyseal osteotomy as the procedure of choice using a 10- or 12-mm Pivotal Osteotomy Blade attached to an oscillating power source.
Circadian variation in the release of small extracellular vesicles can be normalized by vesicle number or TSG101 (2019)

Numerous candidate biomarkers in urine extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been described for kidney diseases, but none are yet in clinical use, possibly due to a lack of proper normalization. Proper normalization corrects for normal biological variation in urine flow rate or concentration, which can vary by over one order of magnitude. Here, we observed inter- and intra-animal variation in urine excretion rates of small EVs (<200 nm in diameter) in healthy rats as a series of six 4-h fractions. To visualize intra-animal variation, we normalized a small EV excretion rate to a peak excretion rate, revealing a circadian pattern for each rat. This circadian pattern was distinct from urine volume, urine albumin, urine creatinine, and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. Furthermore, urine small EV excretion was not significantly altered by sex, food/water deprivation, or ischemic acute kidney injury. Urine excretion of the exosomal/small EV marker protein tumor susceptibility gene 101 (TSG101) displayed a similar circadian pattern to urine small EV excretion; both measurements were highly correlated (<i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.85), with an average stoichiometry of 10.0 molecules of TSG101/vesicle in healthy rats. The observed stoichiometry of TSG101/vesicle in rat urine translated to human spot urine samples (10.2 molecules/vesicle) and cultured kidney-derived cell lines (human embryonic kidney-293 and normal rat kidney 52E cells). Small EV number and its surrogate, TSG101 protein, can normalize for circadian variation when testing candidate biomarkers in small EVs. Just as creatinine has emerged as the customary normalization factor for liquid-phase urine biomarkers, vesicle number and its surrogate, molecules of exosome/small EV-associated TSG101, should be considered as viable, normalizing factors for small EV biomarkers.