gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airborne asbestos fibers detection in microscope images using re-initialization free active contours (2010)

Breathing in asbestos fibers can lead to a number of diseases, the fibers become trapped in the lung and cannot be removed by either coughing or the person's immune system. Atmospheric concentrations of carcinogenic asbestos fibers, have traditionally been measured visually using phase contrast microscopy. However, because this measurement method requires great skill, and has poor reproducibility and objectivity, the development of automatic counting methods has been long anticipated. In this paper we proposed an automated fibers detection method based on a variational formulation of geometric active contours that forces the level set function to be close to signed distance function and therefore completely eliminates the need of the costly re-initialization procedure. The method was evaluated using a ground truth of 29 manually annotated images. The results were encouraging for the further development of the proposed method.
On the Biological Role of T-lymphocytes in T-cell-rich B-cell Lymphomas (1995)

Journal Article On the Biological Role of T-lymphocytes in T-cell-rich B-cell Lymphomas Get access Mauro Boiocchi, PhD, Mauro Boiocchi, PhD Division of Experimental Oncology 1 and Department of Pathology Cenlro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano (PN), Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Riccardo Dolcetti, MD, Riccardo Dolcetti, MD Division of Experimental Oncology 1 and Department of Pathology Cenlro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano (PN), Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Antonino Carbone, MD Antonino Carbone, MD Division of Experimental Oncology 1 and Department of Pathology Cenlro di Riferimento Oncologico Aviano (PN), Italy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 104, Issue 2, 1 August 1995, Page 231, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/104.2.231 Published: 01 August 1995
Stress measurements at depth in the vicinity of the San Andreas Fault: Implications for the magnitude of shear stress at depth (1980)

Using the hydraulic fracturing technique, we have made a systematic series of in situ stress measurements in wells drilled near the San Andreas fault. In an attempt to provide constraints for the magnitude of shear stress on the San Andreas fault at depth we have measured both the variation of stress with distance from the fault in relatively shallow (∼230 m) wells and the variation of stress with depth in a ∼1‐km‐deep well located 4 km from the fault. The shallow wells are located along profiles roughly perpendicular to the fault in the western Mojave desert near Palmdale and in central California where the fault is creeping. In both areas the direction of maximum compression was found to be approximately 45° from the local trend of the San Andreas. The two stress profiles show very similar results: (1) shear stress (on planes parallel to the San Andreas) increases with distance from the fault, more markedly in the western Mojave, (2) the far‐field shear stress at ∼200 m depth is ∼50 bars, and (3) the horizontal principal stresses as well as shear stress increase with depth more rapidly in the wells farthest from the fault. The ∼1‐km‐deep well, also located in the western Mojave desert, shows increases of both horizontal principal stresses and shear stress with depth. Shear stress increases from about 25 bars at 150–300 m to about 80 bars at 750–850 m. Although this rapid increase of shear stress with depth suggests that the mean shear stress on the fault at seismogenic depths exceeds several hundred bars, the principal stresses increase with depth in a steplike manner. As this may be a near‐surface effect, extrapolation of the measurements to much greater depths may not be warranted.
Svc dynamic analytical model (2003)

This paper presents a linear state-space model of a static VAr compensator. The model consists of three individual subsystem models: an AC system, a SVC model, and a controller model, linked together through d-q transformation. The issue of nonlinear susceptance-voltage term and coupling with a static frame of reference is resolved using an artificial rotating susceptance and linearizing its dependence on firing angle. The model is implemented in MATLAB and verified against PSCAD/EMTDC in the time and frequency domains. The verification demonstrates very good system gain accuracy in a wide frequency range f < 150 Hz, whereas the phase angle shows somewhat inferior matching above 25 Hz. It is concluded that the model is sufficiently accurate for many control design applications and practical stability issues. The model's use is demonstrated by analyzing the dynamic influence of the PLL gains, where the eigenvalue movement shows that reductions in gains deteriorate system stability.
A Peptide Mimotope of Type 8 Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Induces a Protective Immune Response in Mice (2004)

Increasing antibiotic resistance and a rising patient population at risk for infection due to impaired immunity underscore the importance of vaccination against pneumococci. However, available capsular polysaccharide vaccines are often poorly immunogenic in patients at risk for pneumococcal disease. The goal of this study was to explore the potential of peptide mimotopes to function as alternative vaccine antigens to elicit a type-specific antibody response to pneumococci. We used a human monoclonal immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody (NAD) to type 8 Streptococcus pneumoniae capsular polysaccharide (type 8 PS) to screen a phage display library, and the phage PUB1 displaying the peptide FHLPYNHNWFAL was selected after three rounds of biopanning. Inhibition studies with phage-displayed peptide or the peptide PUB1 and type 8 PS showed that PUB1 is a mimetic of type 8 PS. PUB1 conjugated to tetanus toxoid (PUB1-TT) induced a type 8 PS-specific antibody response in BALB/c mice, further defining it as a mimotope of type 8 PS. The administration of immune sera obtained from PUB1-TT-immunized mice earlier (days 14 and 21) and later (days 87 and 100) after primary and reimmunization resulted in a highly significant prolongation of the survival of naive mice after pneumococcal challenge compared to controls. The survival of PUB1-TT-immunized mice was also prolonged after pneumococcal challenge nearly 4 months after primary immunization. The efficacy of PUB1-TT-induced immune sera provides proof of principle that a mimotope-induced antibody response can protect against pneumococci and suggests that peptide mimotopes selected by type-specific human antibodies could hold promise as immunogens for pneumococci.
Catalyst Fouling during Dehydration of Tetrahydrofurfuryl Alcohol over γ-Aluminum Oxide Catalyst (1968)

テトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールを原料に用いて,γ-アルミナ触媒によって気相接触脱水反応をおこなったところ,著しい触媒の劣化がみられた。反応の初期においては,反応経過時間に対して脱水反応速度の対数を点綴すると,ほぼ直線が得られた。すなわち,触媒の劣化度φ は反応経過時間の関数として,次式のように表わすことができた。logφ=log(γ/γ0)=-α θ(1)350℃ におけるこのα とテトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールの濃度との関係,および反応温度350～500℃ におけるα と反応温度の関係は,それぞれ(2),(3)のように表わされた。α=6.5×10-3C(2)α=1.8exp(-3.4×103/T)(3)未精製のテトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールには不純物としてフルフリルアルコールが含まれている例が多い。触媒の劣化はフルフリルアルコールによっても起こり,劣化の速さはテトラヒドロフルフリルアルコールの約400倍であった。350℃ におけるフルフリルアルコールの濃度とαfurf の関係および, 反応温度315～440℃におけるαfurfと反応温度との関係は, それぞれ(4),(5)のように表わされた。αfurf=2.4Cfurf(4)αfurf=3.8×10exp(-4.7×103/T)(5)
APP intracellular domain acts as a transcriptional regulator of miR-663 suppressing neuronal differentiation (2015)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) is best known for its involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We have previously demonstrated that APP intracellular domain (AICD) regulates neurogenesis; however, the mechanisms underlying AICD-mediated regulation of neuronal differentiation are not yet fully characterized. Using genome-wide chromatin immunoprecipitation approaches, we found that AICD is specifically recruited to the regulatory regions of several microRNA genes, and acts as a transcriptional regulator for miR-663, miR-3648 and miR-3687 in human neural stem cells. Functional assays show that AICD negatively modulates neuronal differentiation through miR-663, a primate-specific microRNA. Microarray data further demonstrate that miR-663 suppresses the expression of multiple genes implicated in neurogenesis, including FBXL18 and CDK6. Our results indicate that AICD has a novel role in suppression of neuronal differentiation via transcriptional regulation of miR-663 in human neural stem cells.
Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor δ mediates the effects of long-chain fatty acids on post-confluent cell proliferation (2000)

Nutritional long-chain fatty acids control adipose tissue mass by regulating the number and the size of adipocytes.It is now established that peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play crucial functions in the control of gene expression and the level of cell differentiation.PPARγ, which is activated by specific prostanoids, is a key factor in activating terminal differentiation and adipogenesis.We have recently demonstrated that PPARδ, once activated by fatty acids, drives the expression of a limited set of genes, including that encoding PPARγ, thereby inducing adipose differentiation.Thus far, the mechanism of action of fatty acids in the control of preadipocyte proliferation has remained unknown.We show here that PPARδ is directly implicated in fatty acid-induced cell proliferation.Ectopic expression of PPARδ renders 3T3C2 cells capable of responding to Abbreviations used : AF-2, activation function-2 ; ALBP, adipocyte lipid binding protein ; BrdU, 5-bromo-2h-deoxyuridine ; FAT, fatty acid translocase ; PPAR, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor ; PPRE, PPAR-responsive element ; RXR, retinoid X receptor.1 To whom correspondence should be addressed (e-mail grimaldi!taloa.unice.fr
Microglia in degenerative neurological disease (1993)

Microglia express many leukocyte surface antigens which are upregulated in such chronic degenerative neurological diseases as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These surface antigens include leukocyte common antigen, immunoglobulin Fc receptors, MHC class I and class II glycoproteins, beta 2-integrins, and the vitronectin receptor. Ligands for these receptors are also found. They include immunoglobulins, complement proteins of the classical pathway, T lymphocytes of the cytotoxic/suppressor and helper/inducer classes, and vitronectin. T lymphocytes marginate along capillary venules, with some penetrating into the tissue matrix. Immunoglobulins and complement proteins are synthesized locally in brain, although they may also come from the bloodstream if the blood-brain barrier is compromised. The membrane attack complex, which is formed from C5b-9, the terminal components of complement, has been identified in AD and multiple sclerosis brain tissue. In addition, proteins designed to defend against bystander lysis caused by the membrane attack complex, including protectin, C8 binding protein, clusterin, and vitronectin, are associated with damaged neuronal processes in AD. Autodestruction may play a prominent part in these 2 diseases.
Optimal Distribution Voltage Control and Coordination With Distributed Generation (2008)

In recent years, distributed generation, as clean natural energy generation and cogeneration system of high thermal efficiency, has increased due to the problems of global warming and exhaustion of fossil fuels. Many of the distributed generations are set up in the vicinity of the customer, with the advantage that this decreases transmission losses. However, output power generated from natural energy, such as wind power, photovoltaics, etc., which is distributed generation, is influenced by meteorological conditions. Therefore, when the distributed generation increases by conventional control techniques, it is expected that the voltage change of each node becomes a problem. Proposed in this paper is the optimal control of distribution voltage with coordination of distributed installations, such as the load ratio control transformer, step voltage regulator (SVR), shunt capacitor, shunt reactor, and static var compensator. In this research, SVR is assumed to be a model with tap changing where the signal is received from a central control unit. Moreover, the communication infrastructure in the supply of a distribution system is assumed to be widespread. The genetic algorithm is used to determine the operation of this control. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed method, simulations are carried out for a distribution network model with distributed generation (photovoltaic generation).
Preparation and aqueous solution properties of the heterometallic cuboidal complex [W3CuS4(H2O)10]5+ (1994)

The first heterometallic derivative of the trinuclear WIV3 incomplete cuboidal cluster [W3S4(H2O)9]4+ has been prepared by reaction with (i) Cu metal, and (ii) Cu+ or CuCl(solid). In both cases the product is the cuboidal [W3CuS4(H2O)10]5+ ion. The corresponding reactions of [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+ yield [Mo3Cu-S4(H2O)10]4+ and [Mo3CuS4(H2O)10]5+ respectively. The observation that the reaction of [W3S4(H2O)9]4+ with copper yields the 5+ and not the 4+ product suggests that the 4+ cluster is less stable in the tungsten case. Rate constants (25 °C) for the reaction of Cu+ with [W3S4(H2O)9]4+(1.82 × 103 M–1 s–1) and [Mo3S4(H2O)9]4+(980 M–1 s–1) suggest a similar addition process. The 1:1 stoichiometries for the oxidation of [W3CuS4(H2O)9]5+ with [Co(dipic)2]–(dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylate) and [Fe(H2O)6]3+ giving [W3S4(H2O)9]4+ and Cu2+ as products, further support the 5+ overall charge assignment. Rate constants have been determined and mechanisms assigned to these reactions. At 25°C, I= 2.00 M (LiClO4), the [Co(dipic)2]– reaction is outer-sphere with a rate constant of 17.7 × 103 M–1 s–1, while outer-sphere [Fe(H2O)6]3+(2.68 × 102 M–1 s–1) and inner-sphere [Fe(H2O)5(OH)]2+(5.0 × 105 M–1 s–1) reactions are observed for the FeIII oxidant. Rate constants are of the same order of magnitude to those for the corresponding reactions of [Mo3CuS4(H2O)10]5+, suggesting that a common electron-transfer process involving the copper centre may be relevant in both cases.
Erratum: Stiffness of the microenvironment upregulates ERBB2 expression in 3D cultures of MCF10A within the range of mammographic density (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 28987; published online: 07 July 2016; updated: 24 August 2016 The original version of this Article contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Gerald Fontenay, which was incorrectly given as Gerald Fonteney. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Atom efficient thermal and photocuring combined treatments for the synthesis of novel eco-friendly grid-like zein nanofibres (2014)

We report herein for the first time, a novel crosslinking approach for the synthesis of grid-like zein nanofibres with SbQ (styrylpyridinequaternary) realized by a simple electrospinning process followed by thermal treatment and/or UV illumination.
Role of Mercosur in regional trade growth (2000)

Outlines the development of Mercosur (South American economic bloc) and considers the assertion that it protects inefficient Brazilian industries and has failed to create extra trade. Analyses selected 1990‐1997 data for Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay to show that trade and foreign investment have increased since its formation in 1991; and compares the impact on trading patterns and trade balances for all four countries. Admits that Mercosur has some way to go in establishing a common market and has not increased exports to the rest of the world to the extent expected, but regards it as a qualified success.
Quantitation of actin polymerization in two human fibroblast sub-types responding to mechanical stretching (1991)

To study early reorganization of the cytoskeleton in response to physical forces, human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured on flexible plastic substrata and stretched by mechanical deformation of the substratum. F-actin was measured by quantitative spectrofluorimetry of FITC-phalloidin-stained cells. Fluorescence due to FITC-phalloidin was reduced stoichiometrically by co-incubation with unlabeled phalloidin. Increases in stretch-induced fluorescence were blocked by preincubation of cells with cytochalasin D. Compared to baseline values, F-actin in gingival fibroblasts was reduced by 50% at 10 s after stretching but was increased more than 100% at 50 s after stretching. Increases of F-actin were also dependent on the amount of deformation of membrane: 3.3% stretching produced the largest increase and 9.2% stretching produced the least. Stretch-activated actin polymerization was blocked by pre-incubation of cells with 500 ng ml-1 pertussis toxin or 10 mM EGTA. Compared to gingival cells, periodontal ligament fibroblasts exhibited twice the total actin per cell and three times the baseline F-actin per mm2, however, there was no increase in fluorescence after stretching. In both cell types, stretching caused increased ruffling activity and no detectable shape changes at 60 s, but at 180 s the cells shortened and pseudopods retracted. The microfilament system of fibroblasts exhibits rapid dynamic responses to mechanical deformation prior to cell shape changes and appears to be dependent on the cell type.
Roles and Tasks of the University and Department of Social Welfare for the Community : Focused on Opinion Among Social Work Professionals in N-gu, Seoul (2022)

본 연구의 목적은 대학의 사회적 책무성 이행 차원에서 지역사회에서의 대학의 역할 및 사회복지학과에 요구되는 실행 과제를 탐색하고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 포커스집단인터뷰와 델파이 조사 방법을 통해 서울시 N구에 위치한 소규모 A대학과 사회복지학과의 역할에 대하여 지역사회 복지전문가들의 의견을 조사하였다. 포커스집단인터뷰 결과, 대학의 역할로는 지역과 대학 구성원의 교육증진, 문화 활동 참여 증대, 주체로서 섬기는 협력과 지원이 도출되었다. 사회복지학과에의 요구과제로는 기초 및 대처역량 향상을 위한 교육, 사회복지 초점화 봉사, 지역문제 특화연구가 도출되었다. 델파이 조사결과, 지역사회에서의 대학의 역할은 교육적 역할 9개, 문화적 역할 8개, 연구적 역할 8개, 경제적 역할 8개, 봉사적 역할 8개, 국제적 역할 7개가 각각 도출되었으며, 이 중 연구적 역할 및 봉사적 역할의 순위가 가장 높았다. 사회복지영역을 중심으로 한 역할수행 활성화 방안으로 14개 영역이 규명되었는데, 이중 지역사회의 문제해결 필요성에 대한 교육, 지역 기관 및 단체와의 연계를 통한 지역문제 해결모색이 각각 1, 2 순위로 도출되었다. 최종적으로 포커스집단인터뷰 결과 및 델파이조사 결과를 통해 공통으로 도출된 영역을 정리하여 제시하였다. 이를 토대로 대학의 역할로서는 N구 지역사회 특성에 기반한 통합적 연계방안 증진과 대학구성원의 봉사확대, 지역 문제 해결을 위한 대학 내 과업추진위원회 구축, 온라인을 적극 활용하는 국제적 연계 증대를 통한 대학의 글로벌 역할 모색을 제안하였다. 또한 사회복지학과의 실행과제로 신사회적 위기대응을 위한 IT 기술 등을 포함하는 새로운 교과과정 개설, 온라인과 오프라인을 병행하는 프로그램 개발역량 강화, COVID-19으로 더욱 취약해진 사회적 약자를 지원하는 정신보건, 의료 및 기초보건 등 전문 역량 심화교육, N구의 특성을 고려한 북한이탈주민 특화 전문 인력 양성 강화 등을 제안하였다.
Quantitative Cardiac Electrophysiology (2002)

Computer models of ion channels computation of the action potential of a cardiac cell modelling the impact of cardiac tissue structure on current flow and wavefront propagation electrical stimulation of cardiac cells computer modelling ofdefibrillation I - the role of cardiac tissue structure computer modelling of defibrillation II - why does the shock fail theoretical and practical considerations for cardiac recording and stimulation electrodes impedance measurements in cardiactissue electrical stimulus, reentry, fibrillation and defibrillation insights gained by the graded response and restitution hypothesis noncontact cardiac mapping electroanatomical cardiac mapping quantitative analysis of complex rhythms.
Extraction of propagation parameters by single feed antennas loaded with variable reactances (2014)

A method to extract the propagation parameters by reactance control of single feed antennas loaded with variable reactances is described.
New Editing Tools for Gene Therapy in Inherited Retinal Dystrophies (2022)

Inherited retinal dystrophies (IRDs) are a heterogeneous group of diseases that affect more than 2 million people worldwide. Gene therapy (GT) has emerged as an exciting treatment modality with the potential to provide long-term benefit to patients. Today, gene addition is the most straightforward GT for autosomal recessive IRDs. However, there are three scenarios where this approach falls short. First, in autosomal dominant diseases caused by gain-of-function or dominant-negative mutations, the toxic mutated protein needs to be silenced. Second, a number of IRD genes exceed the limited carrying capacity of adeno-associated virus vectors. Third, there are still about 30% of patients with unknown mutations. In the first two contexts, precise editing tools, such as CRISPR-Cas9, base editors, or prime editors, are emerging as potential GT solutions for the treatment of IRDs. Here, we review gene editing tools based on CRISPR-Cas9 technology that have been used <i>in vivo</i> and the recent first-in-human application of CRISPR-Cas9 in an IRD.
Preanalytical Variables and Their Influence on the Quality of Laboratory Results. (2001)

While analytical standards have been developed by established quality control criteria, there has been a paucity in the development of standards for the preanalytical phase. Only recently recommendations have been published regarding the quality of samples including the definition of the optimal sample size, the use of anticoagulants and stabilizers, stability criteria regarding transport and storage and handling of hemolytic, lipemic and icteric samples. Technical recommendations regarding sampling, transport and identification have been developed by national and international consensus organizations. The development of a preanalytical quality manual takes on an urgency in the goal towards achieving total quality control. Every day the laboratory is confronted with data arising out of preanalytical errors. Ability to recognize such data is critical to maintaining total laboratory quality and will be illustrated with case studies.
Screening for Breast Cancer in 2018—What Should We be Doing Today? (2018)

Although screening mammography has delivered many benefits since its introduction in Canada in 1988, questions about perceived harms warrant an up-to-date review. To help oncologists and physicians provide optimal patient recommendations, the literature was reviewed to find the latest guidelines for screening mammography, including benefits and perceived harms of overdiagnosis, false positives, false negatives, and technologic advances. For women 40-74 years of age who actually participate in screening every 1-2 years, breast cancer mortality is reduced by 40%. With appropriate corrections, overdiagnosis accounts for 10% or fewer breast cancers. False positives occur in about 10% of screened women, 80% of which are resolved with additional imaging, and 10%, with breast biopsy. An important limitation of screening is the false negatives (15%-20%). The technologic advances of digital breast tomosynthesis, breast ultrasonography, and magnetic resonance imaging counter the false negatives of screening mammography, particularly in women with dense breast tissue.
A highly selective polybenzimidazole‐4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) membrane for high‐temperature hydrogen separation (2015)

ABSTRACT A polymeric gas separation membrane utilizing polybenzimidazole based on 4,4′‐(hexafluoroisopropylidene)bis(benzoic acid) was prepared. The synthesized membrane has an effective permeating area of 8.3 cm 2 and a thickness of 30 ± 2 µm. Gas permeation properties of the membrane were determined using H 2 , CO 2 , CO, and N 2 at temperatures ranging from 24°C to 200°C. The PBI‐HFA membranes not only exhibited excellent H 2 permeability, but it also displayed superior gas separation performance particularly for H 2 /N 2 and H 2 /CO 2 . The permeation parameters for both permeability and selectivity [ and α(H 2 /N 2 ); and α(H 2 /CO 2 )] obtained for the new material were found to be dependent on trans‐membrane pressure difference as well as temperature, and were found to surpass those reported by Robeson in 2008. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132 , 42371.
Continuous-variables two-mode entanglement: experimental generation and characterization by measurements of symplectic invariants (2006)

We report on the experimental demonstration of strong quadrature EPR entanglement with a single type-II phase-matched self-phase-locked optical parametric oscillator below threshold and characterize this entanglement using the covariance matrix formalism.