gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microfluidic Particle Sorter Employing Flow Splitting and Recombining (2006)

This paper describes an improved microfluidic device that enables hydrodynamic particle concentration and size-dependent separation to be carried out in a continuous manner. In our previous study, a method for hydrodynamic filtration and sorting of particles was proposed using a microchannel having multiple branch points and side channels, and it was applied for continuous concentration and separation of polymer particles and cells. In the current study, the efficiency of particle sorting was dramatically improved by geometrically splitting fluid flow from a main stream and recombining. With these operations, particles with diameters larger than a specific value move toward one sidewall in the mainstream. This control of particle positions is followed by the perfect particle alignment onto the sidewall, which increases the selectivity and recovery rates without using a liquid that does not contain particles. In this study, a microchannel having one inlet and five outlets was designed and fabricated. By simply introducing particle suspension into the device, concentrations of 2.1-3.0-microm particles were increased 60-80-fold, and they were collected independently from each outlet. In addition, it was demonstrated that the measured flow rates distributed into each side channel corresponded well to the theoretical values when regarding the microchannel network as a resistive circuit.
Enhanced bulk catalyst dissolution for self-healing materials (2010)

A model was developed to aid in the selection of healing monomers that can rapidly dissolve catalysts in self-healing materials. Predictions are made regarding dissolution rates of Grubbs' catalyst in a small library of ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)-active norbornenyl-based healing monomers. The Grubbs' catalyst and the healing monomers were experimentally assigned sets of Hansen parameters, and it was observed that healing monomers and blends of monomers with parameters similar to the catalyst were able to rapidly dissolve the catalyst. The model is limited in its ability to predict dissolution trends of healing monomers with substantially different viscosities.
Teachers' Abilities to Judge the Difficulty of Reading Materials (1979)

One issue confronting any teacher of reading is the critical problem of the "match." Placing students into an appropriate difficulty level of reading material seems to be an important antecedent of effective reading instruction. Chall and Feldman (1966) explain that teachers' abilities to select appropriate reading materials for children vary and that the accuracy of these selections has a definite effect on achievement.
The Palladium-Catalyzed Intermolecular C–H Chalcogenation of Arenes (2014)

Palladium catalyzes the intermolecular chalcogenation of carbazole, 2-phenylpyridine, benzo[h]quinolone, and indole derivatives with disulfides and diselenides via selective C-H bond cleavage, providing a convenient route to thio and selenoethers.
Cluster of genes encoding the major egg envelope protein of zebrafish (2000)

The proteins of fish egg envelopes are encoded by genes that are closely related to the genes for human zona pellucida proteins. A cluster of three genes coding for an egg envelope protein was isolated from the zebrafish, Danio rerio. The three genes, zp2a, zp2b, and zp2c, are located within an 11 kb region and are each comprised of eight exons spanning 1.85 kb. The exon-intron structures of the genes are nearly identical; however, their deduced amino acid sequences diverge at exon 7 (zp2b and zp2c from zp2a) and exon 8 (zp2c from zp2b). Exons 2-7 have a structural organization similar to exons in the carboxy-terminal half of the human zona pellucida ZP1, ZP2, and ZPB genes, suggesting they arose from a common ancestral gene. Sequence comparisons indicate that the deduced zebrafish proteins are most closely related to human ZPB. Zebrafish mRNAs coding for each of the three ZP2 variants have been found either as full-length cDNAs or expressed sequence tags. Distinct from the wf(female) gene of winter flounder which we first reported (Lyons et al., 1993: J Biol Chem 268:21351-21358), expression of the zebrafish zp2 genes was found to be ovary-specific, instead of liver-specific, and the promoter regions of zp2a and zp2b, while different, both contained E-box sequences (CANNTG) that have been demonstrated to be essential for coordination of zona pellucida gene expression in mammalian oocytes. Mixed peptide sequence analysis was used to identify the major polypeptide component of isolated zebrafish egg envelopes as the zp2 gene product.
Mercury and Cadmium Resistances Mediated by the Penicillinase Plasmid in Staphylococcus aureus (1974)

Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus mediated by the penicillinase (Pc-ase) plasmid to divalent metal ions of Hg and Cd was found to be controlled by different mechanisms. The Hg resistance of the Pc-ase plasmid-carrying organisms is based upon a process of changing the ion incorporated in the cell into a somewhat innocuous form. This process is independent of temperature and seems to be controlled by an inducible enzyme. The killing effect of Hg salts was not influenced by the coexistence of other di- or monovalent ions such as MgCl(2), CaCl(2), MnCl(2), and NaCl. No vaporization of Hg, which explains the resistance mechanism such as that proposed by Komura et al. for R factor-mediated Hg resistance in enterobacilli, was found in the case of Hg resistance in staphylococci. On the other hand, the resistance to Cd ion is mediated by some protective mechanism to retain the ion outside the cell. Pc-sensitive organisms not carrying the Pc-ase plasmid incorporate Cd ions into the cells, whereas the Pc-ase plasmid-carrying organisms do not. The incorporation of this ion is temperature dependent and does not take place at 4 C. When incubated with this ion at 4 C, Pc-sensitive organisms as well as Pc-resistant organisms are also able to show a resistance. The addition of CaCl(2) could eliminate the killing effect of CdCl(2) with a dose-effective response.
Insights into the Electrodeposition of Bi[sub 2]Te[sub 3] (2002)

In this paper, the processes associated with the electrodeposition of bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3 ), a thermoelectric material, are reported along with an analysis of the composition and crystallinity of the resulting films. The electrodeposition can be described by the general reaction 3HTeO 2 2Bi 3 18e 9H Bi 2 Te 3 6H 2 O. Cyclic voltammetry studies of Bi, Te, and Bi/Te dissolved in 1 M HNO 3 reveal two different underlying processes depending on the deposition potential. One process involves the reduction of HTeO 2 to Te 0 and a subsequent interaction between reduced Te 0 and Bi 3 to form Bi 2 Te 3 . A second process at more negative reduction potentials involves reduction of HTeO 2 to H 2 Te followed by the chemical interaction with Bi 3 . Both processes result in the production of crystalline Bi 2 Te 3 films in the potential range 0.1 E 0.52 V vs. Ag/AgCl 3 M NaCl on Pt substrates as determined by powder X-ray diffraction XRD. Electron probe microanalyses and XRD reveal that the films are bismuth-rich and less oriented for more negative deposition potentials.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4‐Aminoquinazolines by Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Imidoylation of N‐(2‐Bromoaryl)amidines. (2012)

Abstract A library of 4‐aminoquinazolines such as (V) or (VIII) are prepared.
Fiber Optic Sensors (2008)

Fiber optic sensor technology offers the possibility of sensing different parameters like strain, temperature, pressure in harsh environment and remote locations. these kinds of sensors modulates some features of the light wave in an optical fiber such an intensity and phase or use optical fiber as a medium for transmitting the measurement information. The advantages of fiber optic sensors in contrast to conventional electrical ones make them popular in different applications and now a day they consider as a key component in improving industrial processes, quality control systems, medical diagnostics, and preventing and controlling general process abnormalities. This paper is an introduction to fiber optic sensor technology and some of the applications that make this branch of optic technology, which is still in its early infancy, an interesting field.
Apodization in dual-comb spectroscopy for rapid measurement (2020)

We add optical referencing to a technique interrogating gas samples with two frequency combs by varying their repetition rate difference periodically. The reduce interferogram measurement time yields an improved SNR and an optimized resolution.
Germinal center activity and B cell maturation are associated with protective antibody responses against Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic infection (2022)

Blocking Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, at the asymptomatic pre-erythrocytic stage would abrogate disease pathology and prevent transmission. However, the lack of well-defined features within vaccine-elicited antibody responses that correlate with protection represents a major roadblock to improving on current generation vaccines. We vaccinated mice (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) with Py circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the major surface antigen on the sporozoite, and evaluated vaccine-elicited humoral immunity and identified immunological factors associated with protection after mosquito bite challenge. Vaccination achieved 60% sterile protection and otherwise delayed blood stage patency in BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, all C57BL/6J mice were infected similar to controls. Protection was mediated by antibodies and could be passively transferred from immunized BALB/cJ mice into naïve C57BL/6J. Dissection of the underlying immunological features of protection revealed early deficits in antibody titers and polyclonal avidity in C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, PyCSP-vaccination in BALB/cJ induced a significantly higher proportion of antigen-specific B-cells and class-switched memory B-cell (MBCs) populations than in C57BL/6J mice. Strikingly, C57BL/6J mice also had markedly fewer CSP-specific germinal center experienced B cells and class-switched MBCs compared to BALB/cJ mice. Analysis of the IgG γ chain repertoires by next generation sequencing in PyCSP-specific memory B-cell repertoires also revealed higher somatic hypermutation rates in BALB/cJ mice than in C57BL/6J mice. These findings indicate that the development of protective antibody responses in BALB/cJ mice in response to vaccination with PyCSP was associated with increased germinal center activity and somatic mutation compared to C57BL/6J mice, highlighting the key role B cell maturation may have in the development of vaccine-elicited protective antibodies against CSP.
Conformance Water-Management Team Developments and Solutions on Projects in the Permian Basin (2001)

Abstract A team was formed to solve field-wide conformance problems in a San Andres (dolomite) unit of the Slaughter Field, Hockley Co., Texas. The team&amp;apos;s goal was to increase oil production and decrease production costs by understanding fluid movement through the reservoir. The team was comprised of operating and service company personnel who performed data analysis, and developed engineering and solution designs. The reservoir conformance team identified, quantified, and fully described field conformance problems. Team members focused on understanding fluid movement through the total reservoir rather than on single wells. They developed a framework of data for designing successful conformance solutions. This framework includes data about the reservoir, completion design, drilling and workover history, production and well-test history, logs, diagnostic analysis, and placement options. The framework serves as a data-collection tool and as a tool for identifying missing data.1 This project involves the following tasks: (1) analyzing approximately 300 wells, (2) identifying conformance candidate (pilot) wells, (3) implementing the pilot wells, (4) analyzing the results from the pilot wells, and (5) applying those results to the rest of the unit. In this project, team members developed the typical data analysis, reservoir and production engineering proposals, and solutions proposals, and also thoroughly reviewed the customer&amp;apos;s economic drivers. In these mature units, enhancing recovery and production rates and reducing costs were important factors. Treatments have been placed and analyzed for sweep improvement, CO2 reduction, and water cycling-breakthroughs.
Molecular Diagnostic for Boll Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Based on Amplification of Three Species-Specific Microsatellites (2009)

The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious pest of cultivated cotton, Gossypium hirsutum L., in the Americas, and reinfestation of zones from which they have been eradicated is of perpetual concern. Extensive arrays of pheromone traps monitor for reintroductions, but occasionally the traps collect nontarget weevils that can be misidentified by scouts. For example, the congeneric pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano, and other superficially similar weevils are attracted to components of the boll weevil lure or trap color. Although morphologically distinguishable by trained personnel, the potential for misidentification is compounded when captured weevils are dismembered or partially consumed by ants or ground beetles that sometimes feed on them in the traps. Because misidentification can have expensive consequences, a molecular diagnostic tool would be of great value to eradication managers. We demonstrate that a cocktail of three primer pairs in a single polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplify species-specific microsatellites that unambiguously distinguish the boll weevil from three other weevil species tested, including pepper weevil; cranberry weevil, Anthonomus eugenii musculus Say; and pecan weevil, Curculio caryae Horn. However, it does not distinguish the boll weevil from the subspecific "thurberia" weevil. A universal internal transcribed spacer primer pair included in the cocktail cross-amplifies DNA from all species, serving as a positive control. Furthermore, the diagnostic primers amplified the target microsatellites from various boll weevil adult body parts, indicating that the PCR technology using the primer cocktail is sensitive enough to positively identify a boll weevil even when the body is partly degraded.
Mechanical and thermal properties of poly(lactic acid)/starch blends with dioctyl maleate (2004)

Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/starch blends were prepared blending with dioctyl maleate (DOM). DOM acted as a compatibilizer at low concentrations (below 5%), and markedly improved tensile strength of the blend. However, DOM functioned as a plasticizer at concentrations over 5%, significantly enhancing elongation. Compatibilization and plasticization took place simultaneously according to the analysis of, for example, mechanical properties and thermal behavior. With DOM as a polymeric plasticizer, thermal loss in the blends was not significant. Water absorption of PLA/starch blends increased with DOM concentration. DOM leaching in an aqueous environment was inhibited. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 1697–1704, 2004
Evaluation of the BioRID P3 and the Hybrid III in Pendulum Impacts to the Back: A Comparison with Human Subject Test Data (2002)

Crash test dummies able to mimic the motion of a human are needed to assess the protective performance of seats and head restraints in crash tests. This study evaluates both a newly developed dummy for rear impacts (BioRID P3) and the Hybrid III dummy by means of a recently available set of human subject data. The study also meets the need for validation of the BioRID P3 at a higher impact severity than that previously achieved. The BioRID P3 and the Hybrid III were evaluated by means of pendulum impacts to the back and compared with data from previously run cadaver tests. Seated dummies were struck with a pendulum with a mass of 23 kg and an impact velocity of 4.6 m/s at the level of the 6th thoracic vertebra. The results showed that peak values and temporal responses of the BioRID P3 was closer to that of the corridor of the cadavers than the Hybrid III in terms of horizontal, vertical, and angular displacement of the head and of the head relative to T1. Keywords: Hybrid IiiBioridCadaverCrash Test DummyRear ImpactWhiplash
Paste extrusion of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powders through tubular and annular dies at high reduction ratios (2008)

Abstract Paste extrusion experiments are reported for three different polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fine powders using both capillary and annular dies having a high reduction ratio (cross‐sectional area of reservoir to cross‐sectional area of die at the exit) varied from 1000 up to 4000. The extrusion pressure is reported as a function of the apparent shear rate for various resins and dies. The approximate mathematical model for paste extrusion through capillary dies developed by Ariawan et al. (Ariawan et al., Can Chem Eng J, 2002, 80, 1153) was used to describe the experimental data by best fitting the five material constants of the constitutive model. Using these constants, the model developed by Patil et al. (Patil et al., AIChE J., 2006, 52, 4028) was used to predict the extrusion pressure for all three resins in annular dies. The model predictions are found to be consistent with experimental results and the analogy between the rod and tube extrusion models is demonstrated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A GPS-less Framework for Localization and Coverage Maintenance in Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

Sensing coverage is a fundamental issue for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Several coverage configuration protocols have been developed; most of them presume the availability of precise knowledge about each node location via GPS receivers. However, equipping each sensor node with a GPS is very expensive in terms of both energy and cost. On the other hand, several GPS-less localization algorithms that aim at obtaining nodes locations with a low cost have been proposed. Although their deep correlation, sensing coverage and localization have long been treated separately. In this paper, we analyze, design and evaluate a novel integrated framework providing both localization and coverage guarantees for WSNs. We integrate the well-known Coverage Configuration Protocol CCP with an improved version of the localization algorithm AT-Dist. We enhanced the original specification of AT-Dist in order to guarantee the necessary localization accuracy required by CCP. In our proposed framework, a few number of nodes are assumed to know their exact positions and dynamically vary their transmission ranges. The remaining sensors positions are derived, as accurately as possible, using this little initial location information. All nodes positions (exact and derived) are then used as an input for the coverage module. Extensive simulation results show that, even with a very low anchor density, our proposal reaches the same performance and efficiency as the ideal CCP based on complete and precise knowledge of sensors coordinates.
Foreign Body Granuloma and Breast Cancer in the Augmented Breast: Mammography, US, MRI, and FDG-PET (2003)

Mammography has been shown to be efficacious in detecting breast cancer, and the screening of asymptomatic women has become widespread (1).For the evaluation of both palpable and nonpalpable masses detected during screening mammography, ultrasound (US) is a useful tool (1).It can confirm the presence of a discrete mass and distinguish cysts from solid masses.In cases in which mammography and US are inconclusive or yield discrepant results, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to help diagnose primary and recurrent breast cancer; dynamically enhanced MRI is useful for the differential diagnosis of enhancing breast lesions.Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new imaging modality that uses radionuclides and can image the biochemical activities of cellular bases; using whole-body PET, primary tumors and metastases may be detected in one session.The methods used in augmented mammoplasty have included tissue transplantation, injection, and the use of implantable prostheses.Breast augmentation can, however, give rise to foreign body granulomas, and the use of radiologic and physical examination for the evaluation of breast parenchymal abnormalities in the presence of radiopaque implants or injectable materials can be difficult (2).The purpose of this article is to illustrate findings of foreign body granulomas and breast cancer at mammography, US, MRI, and 18-fluorine fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-PET in patients with augmented
Small Signal Stability Analysis of Dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Controlled Inverters with Adaptive Virtual Inertia Control (2023)

In this study, the small signal stability analysis of a system including adaptive modified dispatchable virtual oscillator control (dVOC)-based inverter connecting to a synchronous machine(SM) is conducted. Virtual oscillator-based controllers, such as dVOC are promising candidates for controlling the grid-forming inverters as they provide faster dynamic response, more accurate synchronization and power sharing among different units. While the conventional dVOC is not able to provide inertial response, modified dVOC overcomes this deficiency. To leverage the advantages of modified dVOC in various cases, the adaptive modified dVOC is used, which its parameter design is critical. Additionally, the fast dynamic of this controller interacts the line as well as SM dynamics. To avoid these issues, in this study, a detailed stability analysis based on the eigenvalue analysis is conducted and the allowable boundary for controller coefficients are determined. Results highlight proper design of adaptive modified dVOC improves the system dynamic and eliminates the stability issues within the interaction of SM and inverter.
Multicenter Comparison Study of both Analytical and Clinical Performance across Four Roche Hepatitis C Virus RNA Assays Utilizing Different Platforms (2017)

The efficacy of antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is determined by measuring HCV RNA at specific time points throughout therapy using highly sensitive and accurate HCV RNA assays. This study compared the performances of two recently developed real-time PCR HCV RNA assays, cobas HCV for use on the cobas 6800/8800 systems (cobas 6800/8800 HCV) and cobas HCV for use on the cobas 4800 system (cobas 4800 HCV), with those of two established assays, the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HCV quantitative test, version 2 (CAP/CTM v2) and the Cobas TaqMan HCV test, version 2 for use with the High Pure system (HPS/CTM v2). The limits of detection (LODs) and linearity at lower concentrations (5 to 1000 IU/ml) were assessed for cobas 6800/8800 HCV and cobas 4800 HCV using WHO standard traceable panels representing HCV genotypes (GT) 1 to 4. Pairwise assay comparisons were also performed using 245 clinical samples representing HCV GT 1 to GT 4. Results from cobas 6800/8800 HCV and cobas 4800 HCV were linear at low HCV RNA concentrations (<0.3 log<sub>10</sub> IU/ml difference between expected and observed results) with LODs of 8.2 IU/ml and 11.7 IU/ml, respectively, for GT 1. The new assays showed excellent agreement with results from CAP/CTM v2 and HPS/CTM v2 in samples with quantifiable viral loads. The concordances using the 6 million IU/ml cutoff were high among all four assays (90 to 94%). In conclusion, the cobas 6800/8800 HCV and cobas 4800 HCV tests are sensitive and linear and correlate well with the established Roche assays used in clinical practice.