gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Learning and Feature Selection in High-Dimensional Regression (2009)

We present a novel algorithm for efficient learning and feature selection in high-dimensional regression problems. We arrive at this model through a modification of the standard regression model, enabling us to derive a probabilistic version of the well-known statistical regression technique of backfitting. Using the expectation-maximization algorithm, along with variational approximation methods to overcome intractability, we extend our algorithm to include automatic relevance detection of the input features. This variational Bayesian least squares (VBLS) approach retains its simplicity as a linear model, but offers a novel statistically robust black-box approach to generalized linear regression with high-dimensional inputs. It can be easily extended to nonlinear regression and classification problems. In particular, we derive the framework of sparse Bayesian learning, the relevance vector machine, with VBLS at its core, offering significant computational and robustness advantages for this class of methods. The iterative nature of VBLS makes it most suitable for real-time incremental learning, which is crucial especially in the application domain of robotics, brain-machine interfaces, and neural prosthetics, where real-time learning of models for control is needed. We evaluate our algorithm on synthetic and neurophysiological data sets, as well as on standard regression and classification benchmark data sets, comparing it with other competitive statistical approaches and demonstrating its suitability as a drop-in replacement for other generalized linear regression techniques.
Research on network coding based Hybrid-ARQ scheme for wireless networks (2010)

In a downlink wireless network, the XOR network coding method was used to combine with the Hybrid-ARQ (HARQ) scheme, which can improve the retransmission efficiency of the wireless network. The average number of transmissions and the average packet delay metrics were used to evaluate the performance of the network coding based HARQ (NC-HARQ). The theoretical analysis was given to compare the NC-HARQ scheme with traditional HARQ scheme, both in the broadcast and unicast scenarios. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the NC-HARQ can reduce the average number of trans-missions and benefit the retransmission efficiency with some packet delay expense.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 42. An Unprecedented Mode of Ring Opening of Methylenecyclopropane Moieties — Reactions of Methylenecyclopropanecopper Reagents with an Electrophilic Glycine Equivalent. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analyzing and Mining Comments and Comment Ratings on the Social Web (2014)

An analysis of the social video sharing platform YouTube and the news aggregator Yahoo! News reveals the presence of vast amounts of community feedback through comments for published videos and news stories, as well as through metaratings for these comments. This article presents an in-depth study of commenting and comment rating behavior on a sample of more than 10 million user comments on YouTube and Yahoo! News. In this study, comment ratings are considered first-class citizens. Their dependencies with textual content, thread structure of comments, and associated content (e.g., videos and their metadata) are analyzed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the community commenting behavior. Furthermore, this article explores the applicability of machine learning and data mining to detect acceptance of comments by the community, comments likely to trigger discussions, controversial and polarizing content, and users exhibiting offensive commenting behavior. Results from this study have potential application in guiding the design of community-oriented online discussion platforms.
Decreased sucrose content triggers starch breakdown and respiration in stored potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) (2002)

To change the hexose-to-sucrose ratio within phloem cells, yeast-derived cytosolic invertase was expressed in transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Desirée) plants under control of the rolC promoter. Vascular tissue specific expression of the transgene was verified by histochemical detection of invertase activity in tuber cross-sections. Vegetative growth and tuber yield of transgenic plants was unaltered as compared to wild-type plants. However, the sprout growth of stored tubers was much delayed, indicating impaired phloem-transport of sucrose towards the developing bud. Biochemical analysis of growing tubers revealed that, in contrast to sucrose levels, which rapidly declined in growing invertase-expressing tubers, hexose and starch levels remained unchanged as compared to wild-type controls. During storage, sucrose and starch content declined in wild-type tubers, whereas glucose and fructose levels remained unchanged. A similar response was found in transgenic tubers with the exception that starch degradation was accelerated and fructose levels increased slightly. Furthermore, changes in carbohydrate metabolism were accompanied by an elevated level of phosphorylated intermediates, and a stimulated rate of respiration. Considering that sucrose breakdown was restricted to phloem cells it is concluded that, in response to phloem-associated sucrose depletion or hexose elevation, starch degradation and respiration is triggered in parenchyma cells. To study further whether elevated hexose and/or hexose-phosphates or decreased sucrose levels are responsible for the metabolic changes observed, sucrose content was decreased by tuber-specific expression of a bacterial sucrose isomerase. Sucrose isomerase catalyses the reversible conversion of sucrose into palatinose, which is not further metabolizable by plant cells. Tubers harvested from these plants were found to accumulate high levels of palatinose at the expense of sucrose. In addition, starch content decreased slightly, while hexose levels remained unaltered, compared with the wild-type controls. Similar to low sucrose-containing invertase tubers, respiration and starch breakdown were found to be accelerated during storage in palatinose-accumulating potato tubers. In contrast to invertase transgenics, however, no accumulation of phosphorylated intermediates was observed. Therefore, it is concluded that sucrose depletion rather than increased hexose metabolism triggers reserve mobilization and respiration in stored potato tubers.
Effect of spironolactone on fluid volumes and adrenal steroids in primary aldosteronism. (1984)

Plasma volume (PV) and extracellular fluid volume (ECF) were determined in 7 patients with essential hypertension (controls) and in 10 patients with primary aldosteronism, while on a high Na diet (342 mEq/day) and on a low Na diet (12 mEq/day). The volume studies were repeated in 6 of the primary aldosteronism patients during treatment with spironolactone for over 3 months. Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), cortisol concentration, and serum Na and K concentrations were measured in all patients while on a Na-restricted diet (85 mEq/day) as well as on high-Na and low-Na diets. There were no significant changes in arterial pressure during different Na diets in any groups of patients with essential hypertension, or primary aldosteronism with and without spironolactone therapy. Spironolactone treatment normalized the arterial pressure in patients with primary aldosteronism at all Na intakes. These patients had greater values for PV and ECF than did those with essential hypertension. Spironolactone treatment reduced PV during the low-Na diet, but did not alter it during the high-Na diet. Spironolactone did not produce significant changes in ECF during either the high-Na or low-Na diets. Although there were no changes in PV and ECF in patients with primary aldosteronism due to changes in Na intake, both PV and ECF were significantly less in these patients during spironolactone treatment and in patients with essential hypertension during low-Na intake than during high-Na intake. With primary aldosteronism, PRA was depressed and PAC was elevated when compared to essential hypertension, these were not altered by different Na diets in the patients with primary aldosteronism as they were in those with essential hypertension. During treatment with spironolactone the PRA was restored to normal and showed normal changes with variations in dietary Na, but PAC remained elevated during spironolactone. Plasma cortisol was the same among those with essential hypertension and patients with untreated and spironolactone-treated primary aldosteronism. Serum K was less in untreated primary aldosteronism during all Na diets than in essential hypertension, but during spironolactone it was restored to normal. These results suggest that in primary aldosteronism the reduction in arterial pressure by spironolactone treatment does not occur simply by reductions in body fluid volumes. The long-term treatment of patients with primary aldosteronism with spironolactone does not inhibit the production of aldosterone, possibly because of enhanced activity of the renin-angiotensin system and an increase in serum K.
Cobimetinib plus vemurafenib (C+V) in patients (Pts) with solid tumors with BRAF V600E/d/k/R mutation: Results from the targeted agent and profiling utilization registry (TAPUR) study. (2022)

3008 Background: TAPUR is a phase II basket study evaluating anti-tumor activity of commercially available targeted agents in pts with advanced cancers with genomic alterations. Results in a cohort of pts with solid tumors with BRAF V600E/D/K/R mutation (mut) treated with C+V are reported. Methods: Eligible pts had advanced solid tumors, no standard treatment (tx) options, measurable disease, ECOG performance status (PS) 0-2, and adequate organ function. Genomic testing was performed in CLIA-certified, CAP-accredited site selected labs. Pts matched to C+V had various solid tumors with BRAF V600E/D/K/R mut, or other BRAF mut if approved by the Molecular Tumor Board, and no MAP2K1/2, MEK1/2, NRAS mut. Recommended dosing was C, 60 mg orally daily for 21 days, 7 days off and V, 960 mg orally every 12 hours. Primary endpoint was disease control (DC), defined as complete (CR) or partial (PR) response or stable disease at 16+ wks (SD 16+) (RECIST v1.1). Low accruing histology-specific cohorts with the same genomic target and tx were collapsed into a single histology-pooled cohort for this analysis. For histology-pooled cohorts with sample size of 28, the results are evaluated based on a one-sided exact binomial test with a null DC rate of 15% vs. 35% (power = 0.84; α = 0.10) and one-sided 90% confidence interval (CI). Other efficacy endpoint estimates are presented with two-sided 95% CIs. Secondary endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS) and safety. Results: 31 pts with solid tumors (13 histologies; 6/31 ovarian cancer) with BRAF muts were enrolled from Dec 2016 to Jan 2021 and collapsed into one histology pooled cohort for analysis. 3 pts were not evaluable due to lack of post-baseline tumor evaluation and excluded from efficacy analyses. Demographics and outcomes are summarized in the Table. Pts had tumors with BRAF V600E mut (N = 26), G469V mut (N = 1), K601E mut (N = 2), N581I (N = 1) and T599_V600insT (N = 1). 2 CR (breast and ovarian cancer; V600E), 14 PR (13 V600E, 1 N581I), and 3 SD16+ (2 V600E, 1 T599_V600insT) were observed for a DC rate of 68% (90% CI: 54%, 100%) and an objective response (OR) rate of 57% (95% CI: 37%, 76%). CR durations were 5.1 (ovarian cancer) and 108.9 wks (breast cancer) and median duration of PR was 20.5 wks (range: 8.0, 176.0). 19 pts experienced ≥1 Grade 1-5 AE/SAE at least possibly related to tx including 1 death attributed to tx-related kidney injury. Conclusions: C+V demonstrated evidence of anti-tumor activity in pts with advanced solid tumors with BRAF V600E and other muts . Clinical trial information: NCT02693535. [Table: see text]
CB1 and CB2 Receptor Expression and Promoter Methylation in Patients with Cannabis Dependence (2012)

CB1 and CB2 receptors are influenced via exogenous and endogenous cannabinoids. To date, little is known regarding changes in receptor expression and methylation in THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) dependence. Therefore, the CB1 and CB2 receptor mRNA expression levels and promoter methylation status in the peripheral blood cells of 77 subjects (36 with THC dependence, 21 cigarette smokers and 20 nonsmokers) were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and methylation-specific PCR. There was a significant difference in CB1 receptor expression levels between the three groups (ANOVA, p < 0.001, d.f. = 2, F = 71.3). The mean promoter methylation (%) was significantly negatively correlated with CB1 receptor mRNA expression levels (Spearman's rho: r = -0.37; p = 0.002). Using a mixed general linear model, it was demonstrated that the CB1 mRNA expression (as the dependent variable) was associated with the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) (r = 0.101; T = 2.8; p = 0.007), craving (as measured with the VAS; r = -0.023; T = -2.3; p = 0.023) and the WHO-Assist Subscale for Cannabis consumption (r = -0.068; T = -2.4; p = 0.02). CB1 receptor expression levels and methylation status appear to be altered in subjects with THC dependence.
Marital Satisfaction and Physical Health (2013)

Marital distress and conflict are linked to poor physical health. Here, we used behavior genetic modeling to determine the etiology of this association. Biometric moderation models were used to estimate gene-by-environment interaction in the presence of gene-environment correlation between marital satisfaction and self-reported health. Using a sample of 347 married twin pairs from the Midlife in the United States study, we found that genetic influences on the variation in self-reported health were greatest at both high (h (2) = .30) and low (h (2) = .38) levels of marital satisfaction, with the lowest levels of heritability estimated for participants at the average level of marital satisfaction (h (2) = .10). These findings are evidence of the orchid effect: the idea that genetic influences on a phenotype such as physical health are enhanced in nonnormative-both unusually positive and unusually negative-environmental contexts.
Molecular cloning and expression of a mouse muscle cDNA encoding adenylosuccinate synthetase. (1991)

Adenylosuccinate synthetase (EC 6.3.4.4) catalyzes the first step in formation of AMP from IMP. At least two isozymes exist in vertebrate tissue. An acidic form, present in most tissues, has been suggested to be involved in de novo biosynthesis while a basic isozyme, which predominates in muscle, appears to function in the purine nucleotide cycle. Antibodies specific for the basic isozyme detect a single protein in mouse tissues with highest levels in skeletal muscle, tongue, esophagus, and heart tissue consistent with a role for the enzyme in muscle metabolism. A series of degenerate oligonucleotides were constructed based on peptide sequences from purified rat muscle enzyme and then used to clone a mouse muscle cDNA encoding the basic isozyme. The clone contains a open reading frame of 1356 bases with 452 amino acids. Northern analysis of RNA from mouse tissues showed a tissue distribution similar to that of the protein, indicating a high level of gene expression in muscle. Transfection of COS cells with the mouse muscle cDNA allows expression of a functional protein with a molecular mass of approximately 50 kDa, consistent with the open reading frame and the size of the isolated rat enzyme. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse synthetase is 47 and 37% identical to the synthetase sequences from Dictyostelium discoideum and Escherichia coli, respectively. The availability of antibodies and cDNA clones specific for the basic isozyme of adenylosuccinate synthetase from muscle will facilitate future genetic and biochemical analysis of this protein and its role in muscle physiology.
Electric and Crystallographic Characterizations on Hydrogen Passivated Spherical Silicon Solar Cells (2005)

Hydrogen passivation (H-passivation) was performed to inactivate the electrically active defects in spherical Si solar cells fabricated by the dropping method. The atomic hydrogen activated by RF plasma passivated the dangling bonds in the crystal grains, and solar cell performance was improved. The distribution of defects and the crystal quality before and after H-passivation were observed by electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The recombination sinks were observed by EBIC as dark lines of grain boundaries, wide dark areas and local dark spots in the grains. The effect of H-passivation was observed at parts of the grain boundaries and the wide dark areas, but not at the local dark spots in the grains. TEM observation showed that the crystal grains of the areas with dark spots included many dislocations and that the crystal quality at the wide dark areas is microcrystalline (&lt;100 nm). These results indicate that the bulk region of microcrystal grains and portions of grain boundaries are inactivated effectively by H-passivation.
Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Scandium-Arene Complex Anions (2001)

Abstract Scandium-arene complex anions, Sc1(arene)m− (m = 1, 2; arene = benzene and toluene) were generated by the gas phase reaction of laser vaporized atoms with aromatic molecules. Sc1(toluene)2− was identified as a sandwich complex anion in the gas phase. The electronic structures of the complex anions were observed by photoelectron spectroscopy.
Single breath‐hold volumetric imaging of the heart using magnetization‐prepared 3‐dimensional segmented echo planar imaging (1995)

We show the feasibility of single breath-hold volumetric imaging of the heart using a three-dimensional (3D) segmented echo planar imaging (EPI) pulse sequence. Fifteen healthy subjects were evaluated using three magnetization preparation schemes: (a) a driven equilibrium T2-weighted preparation for bright blood and dark myocardium; (b) a STEAM magnetization preparation for dark blood; and (c) fat suppression for coronary artery imaging. An interleaved EPI trajectory encoding six echoes per interleave with a 1090 Hz/pixel readout bandwidth was used to collect a 126 x 256 matrix in 22 heartbeats with data acquisition windows per cardiac cycle of 71-285 msec for 8-32 sections. Multiplanar reconstructions could be used if thin (1-3 mm) sections were acquired. Breath-hold volumetric imaging with 3D segmented EPI holds promise for rapid volumetric evaluation of cardiac anatomy.
Identification and Validation of Reference Genes for Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis in Ophraella communa (2020)

<i>Ophraella communa</i> is an effective bio-control agent of the invasive common weed. By now, the reference genes in <i>O. communa</i> have not yet been screened and validated. The aim of this study was to screen for the most stable reference genes in different backgrounds, such as different developmental stages, sexes, tissues, and male reproductive system with different body sizes. We selected 12 common housekeeping genes involved in different biological processes, including <i>GAPDH</i>, <i>ACT1</i>, <i>ACT2</i>, <i>ARF1</i>, <i>ARF4</i>, <i>SDH</i>, <i>βTUBC</i>, <i>RPL4</i>, <i>RPL19</i>, <i>RPS18</i>, <i>EF1</i>α, and <i>COX</i> as the candidate reference genes. To analyze the stability of the candidate reference genes, we first used three dedicated algorithms, GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper, and further comprehensive ranking was provided by ReFinder. The results showed that <i>RPL19</i> and <i>RPL4</i> exhibited the least variation in different developmental stages/sexes and in male reproductive systems with different body sizes. <i>COX</i> proved to be most suitable for normalizing the gene expression levels in different tissues, and coincidentally, <i>RPL19</i> was also found to be second in terms of stability in this study. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify suitable reference genes for analyzing gene expression in <i>O. communa</i>; thus, this study would lay the foundation for future research on the molecular physiology and biochemistry of <i>O. communa</i> and other insects.
Predictive current control of a voltage source inverter (2005)

This work presents the application of predictive current control in a voltage source inverter. The method uses a discrete-time model of the system to predict the future value of the load current for all possible voltage vectors generated by the inverter. The voltage vector which minimizes the current error at the next sampling time is selected. The performance of the proposed predictive control method is compared with hysteresis and PWM control. The results show that the predictive method controls very effectively the load current and compares very well with the classical solutions.
Irradiation induced modification of the superconducting properties of heavily boron doped diamond (2018)

Diamond, a wide band-gap semiconductor, can be engineered to exhibit superconductivity when doped heavily with boron. The phenomena has been demonstrated in samples grown by chemical vapour deposition where the boron concentration exceeds the critical concentration for the metal-to-insulator transition of $n_{MIT} \gtrsim 4\times10^{20}/\text{cm}^3$. While the threshold carrier concentration for superconductivity is generally well established in the literature, it is unclear how well correlated higher critical temperatures are with increased boron concentration. Previous studies have generally compared several samples grown under different plasma conditions, or on substrates having different crystallographic orientations, in order to vary the incorporation of boron into the lattice. Here, we present a study of a single sample with unchanging boron concentration, and instead modify the charge carrier concentration by introducing compensating defects via high energy ion irradiation. Superconductivity is completely suppressed when the number of defects is sufficient to compensate the hole concentration to below threshold. Furthermore, we show it is possible to recover the superconductivity by annealing the sample in vacuum to remove the compensating defects.
A novel reliability evaluation method for large dynamic engineering systems (2010)

A novel reliability evaluation method for large nonlinear engineering systems excited by dynamic loading applied in time domain is presented. For this class of problems, the performance functions are expected to be function of time and implicit in nature. Available first- or second-order reliability method (FORM/SORM) will be challenging to estimate reliability of such systems. Because of its inefficiency, the classical Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) method also cannot be used for large nonlinear dynamic systems. In the proposed approach, using only tens instead of hundreds or thousands of deterministic evaluations at intelligently selected points are used to extract the reliability information. A hybrid approach, consisting of the stochastic finite element method (SFEM) developed by the author and his research team using FORM, response surface method (RSM), an interpolation scheme, and advanced factorial schemes is proposed. The method is clarified with the help of several numerical examples. It provides an alternative to the classical random vibration approach. It is also an alternative when the basic MCS becomes very inefficient.