gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Interference-Resistant IEEE 802.11ad-Based Joint Communication and Automotive Radar Design (2021)

The IEEE 802.11ad based joint communication and radar sensing (JCRS) has attracted great attention for vehicles in recent years. Existing studies mostly assume full-duplex radio for radar receiver based on perfect self-interference cancellation. However, the self-interference may not be fully cancelled in practice. In this paper, imperfect self-interference cancellation is considered. To combat the strong self-interference, a novel JCRS is developed based on IEEE 802.11ad orthogonal frequency division multiplex physical-layer (OFDM PHY) for multi-target sensing. More specifically, the received radar signal is designed to be synchronized with self-interference, and two radar sensing functions are developed for short-range sensing and long-range sensing separately. The synchronization with self-interference resolves the difficulty in self-interference calibration in short-range sensing and prevents the inter-subcarrier-interference (ICI) from self-interference in long-range sensing. The Golay sequences in the preamble are leveraged to combat self-interference for short-range sensing, thanks to the relatively strong reflection signal. For long-range sensing, the pilot signal and a few self-interference-free OFDM symbols at the end of the data frame are leveraged to combat self-interference. Particularly, a novel pilot signal design is first developed to achieve subcarrier-wise pulse radar for accurate velocity and coarse range estimation, and then the self-interference-free OFDM symbols are utilized to achieve accurate range estimation. A strategy of frame transmissions is finally developed to integrate these two functions while balancing the performance between communications and sensing. Simulation results show that cm/s level velocity estimation and cm level range estimation can be achieved for up to 200-meter radar sensing.
Optimal Sensor Placement for Fault Diagnosis Using Magnitude Ratio (2015)

Major performance losses occur in process industries due to failures that are not identified at the incipient stage. Early detection of such faults is also critical for the safety of the equipment, operating personnel, and other resources. When a fault occurs in a system, it can propagate and affect several process variables. Variables that need to be measured in order to detect and diagnose the faults have to be identified and chosen economically. An algorithmic approach for identifying the optimal number, type, and location of the sensors for fault detection and diagnosis is useful, particularly for large-scale, chemical process plants. In this work, previous algorithms for sensor placement that use signed directed graph (SDG) models for the process are enhanced to include magnitude ratio (MR) information to identify more promising sensor locations. Further, we also study the combination of fault evolution sequences (FES) already introduced in the literature and the MR information for effective fault diagnosis. This is achieved by including the idea of artificial sensors that represent pairwise sensors from the original list of possible sensors. Based on the MR and FES, the artificial sensors can assume discrete values, much like the SDG approach. A symmetric difference operator is used on both the original sensors (whose behaviors are modeled as before using SDG) and the artificial sensors to identify sensor placements. This approach elegantly incorporates the new MR and FES information in the original well-accepted SDG based sensor placement algorithms. Several case studies are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Reorganisation in the Skewed-Associative TLB (2004)

One essential component and a common bottleneck in current virtual memory systems is the translation lookaside buffer (TLB), a small, specialised cache that speeds up memory accesses by storing recently used address translations. A TLB can be viewed as a hash table that only has the capacity for holding a subset of the actively used address translations. The traditional way to increase the performance of a TLB (other than making it larger) is to increase associativity, typically performing multiple comparisons in parallel to avoid slowing down lookups; however, this is expensive in terms of chip area and energy consumption. Skewed associativity, i.e. using several different hash functions for parallel lookups, has been demonstrated to yield good results with less parallelism and therefore at a lower cost. In skewed-associative models, the sets of possible placements for two entries may only partially overlap. Thus, the current placement of entries will limit future replacement possibilities. This is an inherent inflexibility in traditional skewed-associative models, since we cannot predict which placements will enable the most desirable future replacement choices. This thesis demonstrates how the performance of skewed-associative TLB models can be enhanced further by reorganisation - moving old entries around to allow for more efficient replacements. This gives even more efficient usage of TLB locations, increasing performance without further complicating lookups. The thesis introduces and demonstrates a collision tendency metric that enables simple comparison of the conflict miss vulnerability for a multitude of associativity models and degrees of associativity over a large range of sizes. Simulations demonstrate that using skewed-associative techniques and reorganisation, efficient TLBs can be implemented with far less parallelism in hardware, allowing for more compact and much less energy-consuming designs without sacrificing performance. Additionally, this thesis discusses adapting the skewed-associative TLB with reorganisation to handle real-time requirements, notably in applications where tasks with different real-time needs are run concurrently.
Prediction of Dairy Bull Fertility from Field Data: Use of Multiple Services and Identification and Utilization of Factors Affecting Bull Fertility (2008)

The objectives of this research were to assess the utility of multiple services, rather than first service only, and an expanded service sire term for prediction of bull conception rate (CR) by artificial insemination in the United States. The intent with the expanded service sire term was to determine whether accuracy could be improved by estimating factors affecting the bull's CR explicitly in the model and then formulating the bull's prediction as the sum of his own service sire solution along with the solutions for the other factors. Factors considered for the expanded service sire term included age of the bull at the time of mating, stud, inbreeding of the service sire, inbreeding of the mating (potential embryo), and an additive genetic effect. Both simulated and field data were used to study the objectives. In simulation, predictions were compared with true values, whereas with real data, predictions were compared with the bulls' average CR in set-aside data. Field data, using lactations 1 to 5, included 3,312,998 breedings of 737,626 Holstein cows in 1,419 herds distributed over 43 states and across 12 yr (1995 to 2006). The use of both multiple services and an expanded service sire term improved the accuracy of predictions. Multiple services contributed a 7 to 9% increase in accuracy, whereas the expanded service sire term improved accuracy by an estimated 12%. The amount of improvement in accuracy depends on the number of services available, but even for bulls with at least 500 matings, the combination of multiple services and an expanded service sire term can be expected to result in an overall increase in accuracy of at least 20%. Mean differences between predictions and bulls' average CR in set-aside data indicated that this improvement in accuracy can be brought about without introducing bias into the evaluations. Heritability estimates for artificial-insemination bull CR were essentially zero. Thus, use of an additive genetic effect for the service sire will not be of assistance in predicting bull fertility. All 4 of the other factors used in the expanded service sire term contributed to improved accuracy, although age of the bull at the time of mating was, by far, the major factor (correlation of 55.2% with future-year CR when included, 44.0% when not included). Allowing the stud effect to vary by year and using only the stud's most recent year solution in prediction were shown to be superior to using stud alone.
RATIONALE AND PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FUNGICIDES (1997)

Fungicides continue to be essential for the effective control of plant diseases. New classes of fungicides with novel modes of action are being developed in the 1990s. These include the strobilurins, phenylpyrroles, anilinopyrimidines, phenoxyquinolines, and compounds that trigger defense mechanisms in the plant. For the foreseeable future, new toxophores will be identified through a process of random screening, with natural products representing a rich source of fungicide leads. Progress is being made in the development of high-throughput screens comprised of target enzyme sites or cell-based assays; these techniques will improve the probability of discovery. Following the identification of suitable leads, biorational design is used to optimize specific properties. In vivo glasshouse screens and field trials are expected to remain the dominant methods for characterizing new compounds. Low toxicity to humans and wildlife, low environmental impact, low residues in food, and compatibility with integrated pest management (IPM) programs are increasingly important considerations in the selection of fungicides for development.
The electromechanical battery: The new kid on the block (1993)

In a funded program at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory new materials and novel designs are being incorporated into a new approach to an old concept -- flywheel energy storage. Modular devices, dubbed ``electromechanical batteries`` (EMB) are being developed that should represent an important alternative to the electrochemical storage battery for use in electric vehicles or for stationary applications, such as computer back-up power or utility load-leveling.
Irradiation Creep of Advanced Sic-Based Fibers (2010)

Continuous fiber-reinforced SiCf/SiC composites have low residual radioactivity and promising high temperature mechanical properties which make them attractive for applications in advanced fusion energy systems. For potential composite applications in the 600–1000°C fusion relevant temperature range, a temperature range where thermal creep generally is insignificant in SiC or in advanced SiC fibers, irradiation-enhanced creep (IEC) may be important. In situ IEC tests were conducted in torsion on SCS-6 SiC fiber irradiated with 14 MeV deuterons to relatively low doses (0.06 dpa) at 450, 600 and 800°C. The steady-state torsional creep rate depended linearly on stress and particle flux and surprisingly increased as the irradiation temperature decreased. A bend stress relaxation (BSR) fiber creep test has been adopted to further examine IEC during neutron irradiation in a reactor to high doses (<10 dpa). Reference 1 and 100 hr. thermal BSR creep test results were obtained for selected fibers (Sylramic, Hi Nicalon S, Hi Nicalon, Nicalon CG and Tyranno E) and are compared to irradiation dimensional stability tests for these fibers.
Piezoelectric and Semiconducting Coupled Power Generating Process of a Single ZnO Belt/Wire. A Technology for Harvesting Electricity from the Environment (2006)

This paper presents the experimental observation of piezoelectric generation from a single ZnO wire/belt for illustrating a fundamental process of converting mechanical energy into electricity at nanoscale. By deflecting a wire/belt using a conductive atomic force microscope tip in contact mode, the energy is first created by the deflection force and stored by piezoelectric potential, and later converts into piezoelectric energy. The mechanism of the generator is a result of coupled semiconducting and piezoelectric properties of ZnO. A piezoelectric effect is required to create electric potential of ionic charges from elastic deformation; semiconducting property is necessary to separate and maintain the charges and then release the potential via the rectifying behavior of the Schottky barrier at the metal-ZnO interface, which serves as a switch in the entire process. The good conductivity of ZnO is rather unique because it makes the current flow possible. This paper demonstrates a principle for harvesting energy from the environment. The technology has the potential of converting mechanical movement energy (such as body movement, muscle stretching, blood pressure), vibration energy (such as acoustic/ultrasonic wave), and hydraulic energy (such as flow of body fluid, blood flow, contraction of blood vessels) into electric energy that may be sufficient for self-powering nanodevices and nanosystems in applications such as in situ, real-time, and implantable biosensing, biomedical monitoring, and biodetection.
Anti‐donor antibody induction following intramuscular injections of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (2018)

Allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (allo-MSC) are a promising "off-the-shelf" therapy with anti-inflammatory and pro-repair properties. This study investigated humoral immune responses to intramuscular (IM) injections of allo-MSC. Total and isotype-specific anti-donor IgG and donor-specific complement-mediated lysis were determined in sera from healthy mice 2 weeks after single or repeated IM injections of fully mismatched-MHC allo-MSC with comparison to mice receiving syngeneic MSC, allogeneic splenocytes or saline. In mice subjected to hind limb ischemia (HLI), anti-donor IgG was analyzed following IM allo-MSC injection with and without administration of the T-cell immunosuppressant tacrolimus. Recipients of single and repeated IM allo-MSC developed readily-detectable anti-donor IgG. Serum anti-donor IgG levels were similar to those of allo-splenocyte recipients but had higher IgG1/IgG2a ratio and variable capacity for complement-mediated lysis of donor cells. The induced anti-donor IgG bound readily to allo-MSC and this binding was increased following allo-MSC pretreatment with interferon gamma. In mice with HLI, IM injection of allo-MSC into the ischemic limb was also associated with induction of anti-donor IgG but this was abrogated by tacrolimus (FK-506). The results indicate that allo-MSC are inherently immunogenic when delivered intramuscularly to healthy and ischemic mouse hind limb, but induce an IgG1-skewed humoral response that is suppressed by tacrolimus.
Seeing the Structure and Structural Evolution of Nano-crystallites in Soft Materials Using 4D Scanning Confocal Electron Diffraction (2022)

Direct observation of organic molecular nanocrystals and their evolution using electron microscopy is extremely challenging, due to their radiation sensitivity and complex structure.Diffraction imaging, or 4D-STEM, using small convergence angles α (i.e., nano-beam diffraction, NBD) together with cryocooling to slow down beam damage has recently demonstrated its power to reveal the rich structural information in soft materials [1].For crystallography-related studies, spot-like diffraction signals are preferred, not only due to the large unit cells (thus small diffraction angles) of typical molecular crystals, but also to increase the elastic diffraction signal to noise ratio (SNR) as well as signal to (inelastically scattered) background ratio (SBR).In standard NBD, the angular size of diffraction disks is coupled to the illumination convergence, resulting in conditions which are not optimized for SNR and SBR.Here, we introduce 4D-scanning confocal electron diffraction (4D-SCED) as a 4D-STEM modality which combines high dose-efficiency and high angular resolution.With 4D-SCED the complex (crystalline) structure of soft materials can be studied in detail, and we demonstrate that the technique even enables direct in situ observation of nanocrystal growth and coarsening in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) thin films [2].
High quality long wavelength lasers grown by atmospheric pressure MOCVD with liquid group V sources (2002)

The authors have achieved low threshold In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/InP quantum well laser diodes, grown in a non-hydride metalorganic chemical vapor deposition system at atmospheric pressure using tertiarybutylarsine and tertiarybutylphosphine. Broad area laser diodes, emitting at 1.3 /spl mu/m, with a 1500 /spl Aring/ GaInAsP active region achieved threshold current densities of 1.25 kA/cm/sup 2/ for 400 micron cavity length. Strained and unstrained quantum wells with luminescence at 1.55 /spl mu/m have been incorporated into the active regions of laser diodes. Lattice matched In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As/InP single quantum well lasers exhibited extremely low threshold current densities of 220 A/cm/sup 2/ for broad area devices 3.5 mm in cavity length. Compressively strained 4 quantum wells devices displayed excellent threshold current densities of 300 A/cm/sup 2/ for 3 mm cavity lengths.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Naphthalene assimilation in Pseudomonas fluorescens: plasmid localization of the gene for OmpW (2008)

Naphthalene, and other polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are listed as pollutants by the EPA. Naphthalene has been shown to be catabolized by a plasmid‐encoded pathway, however, the precise mechanism utilized for assimilation remains unclear. Previous studies have suggested that Pseudomonas fluorescens utilizes an active transport system for naphthalene assimilation. In this regard, examination of a differentially expressed cDNA library from naphthalene grown cells revealed the presence of a number of transport related proteins. One of these proteins, OmpW, has been proposed to function as a porin for hydrophobic molecules, although its specific function is unknown. The gene for this 22 kD protein has been cloned, sequenced and its cellular localization evaluated. In addition, the large catabolic plasmid possessed by P. fluorescens has been isolated and a cured strain of P. fluorescens has been generated by incompatibility curing. By using oligonucleotide primers specific for OmpW, the gene encoding OmpW has been shown to be specifically localized to the naphthalene catabolic plasmid possessed by P. fluorescens . Cured strains of P. fluorescens do not possess their large catabolic plasmid, do not grow on naphthalene and do not possess the gene encoding OmpW. These results provide circumstantial evidence for the involvement of OmpW in naphthalene metabolism. Support: MTU Incentive Account E35597
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC ACIDIC FUNCTIONAL GROUPS OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN COMPLEXATION WITH CLAY MINERALS (1990)

An attempt has been made to assess the involvement of the acidic functional groups of humic substances in the formation of clay-humus complexes. The humic substances used included four different samples of varying acid-group content as well as a series of methylated derivatives of one humic acid (HA). Amounts of soluble HA/FA (fulvic acid) retained by montmorillonite after repeated washing of the predried complexes with water were estimated. Results reveal a trend of decrease in fixation with increase in acidity of the humic samples. Methylation of the acidic groups has the same effect. It is proposed that a decreasing content of acidic groups in humic substances promotes their fixation by montmorillonite because of a lowering of interparticle repulsive forces as well as a reduction in hydration energies; the net energy available for breaking down the clay-humus bonds is consequently decreased. Nonionic attractive forces are important interactive modes in complexes that have been dried.
Advanced calculus and its applications to the engineering and physical sciences (1980)

Functions of Several Variables. Vectors and Vector Fields. Differential Calculus of Functions of Several Variables. Extrema for Functions of Several Variables. Integrals of Functions of Several Variables. Calculus of Variations. Infinite Series of Functions. Partial Differential Equations. References. Answers to Problems. Appendices.
Hazards of Powder on Surgical and Examination Gloves: A Collective Review (2001)

This article reviews information on the hazards associated with dusting powders on latex surgical and examination gloves. Dusting powders were first applied to latex gloves to facilitate donning. After 1980, manufacturers devised innovative techniques to manufacture gloves without dusting powders. It has been well documented that the powders on gloves present a health hazard to patients, as well as to operating-room personnel. First, these powders elicit tissue toxicity in every tissue in the body. Second, these powders serve as carriers of latex allergen and may precipitate a life-threatening allergic reaction in sensitized patients. These well-documented hazards of glove powders have caused a growing number of hospitals in the world to abandon the use of examination and surgical gloves coated with powder, and instead to use only powder-free gloves.
A case of organized scrotal hematocele with high serum CA19-9 level. (2003)

A 67 year-old male consulted our department for examination a painless left scrotal mass accompanied by a continuously high serum carbohydrate antigen 19-9 level (CA19-9, 563.2 IU/ml). The patient underwent radical orchiectomy oof the mass. The histopathological diagnosis was an organized hematocele, and left testicular tissue was found in the cyst wall. There was no evidence of malignancy in the cyst wall or cyst contents, and immunohistochemical analysis showed no CA19-9-positive cells. However, the CA19-9 level lowered to the normal range immediately after surgery. The patient's CA19-9 level has remained normal, with no recurrence of tumor to date. Considering the clinical course, we suspected the resected mass to have been the cause of the high serum CA19-9 level, and to our knowledge, this is the first case report of organized hematocele in the scrotum with a high CA19-9 level.
Montreal cognitive Assessment Score: A Screening Tool for Cognitive Function in Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) Population (2020)

Cognitive impairment is a major cause of morbidity and impaired quality of life in traumatic brain Injury (TBI) patients. Assessment of cognitive function using classically designed scales is time and resource intensive undertaking which also requires expert neuropsychiatrist referral. Montreal cognitive assessment Score (MoCA) is a brief screening tool designed to assess various cognitive domains which has been found to be more sensitive than Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) score both in Alzheimer disease and subsequently in TBI population. Applied on TBI population, it reliably detects cognitive impairment in mild TBI, compared to normal controls and also differentiates cognitive disturbances between mild and severe TBI but its ability to differentiate cognitive function between mild and moderate TBI is equivocal.