gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical Properties of SnO2 Materials: I . Preparation and Defect Structure (1976)

Stannic oxide in its pure form is an n‐type wide‐bandgap semiconductor. Its electrical conduction results from the existence of point defects (native and foreign atoms) which act as donors or acceptors. Some unique properties of make the material useful for many applications. Therefore, increasing attention is being paid to studies on this oxide, especially on the methods of preparation, and its electrical and optical properties. The purpose of this work is to provide a general up‐to‐date review of the investigations carried out and to help identify important areas for further studies. This part is concerned with the preparation and defect structure of single crystals, sintered polycrystalline samples, and thin films. Parts II and III2 are reviews of the electrical and optical properties of materials.
[Appropriate hemodialysis scheduling based on therapeutic drug monitoring of carboplatin in a patient with lung cancer and chronic renal failure]. (2009)

A 69-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis due to ANCA-associated nephritis and chronic renal failure developed lung adenocarcinoma and underwent radical surgery. Upon recurrence of her cancer, she received combination chemotherapy with carboplatin (CBDCA) 150 mg/m2 and docetaxel 35-70 mg/m2. Concentration of free CBDCA in serum was monitored for 6 days after drug administration. Hemodialysis was performed 1 hour after administration of CBDCA, and on day 4. Despite the lower maximum concentration, serum CBDCA levels 20-24 h after chemotherapy in this patient were 15 to 20 times higher than in subjects with normal renal function who received CBDCA at the area under the curve (AUC) of 5. She experienced moderate to severe nausea and vomiting which persisted for 12 days. During her second course of chemotherapy, hemodialysis was performed for 3 consecutive days after drug administration. The serum CBDCA levels on day 2 or later remained lower than in the first course, and the patient experienced fewer severe side effects. Based on the data from therapeutic drug monitoring of CBDCA, hemodialysis for 3 consecutive days after drug administration has been demonstrated to be useful for treatment of a patient with chronic renal failure receiving chemotherapy with CBDCA.
Organizing Argumentation Statements to Support Intelligence Analysis (2006)

Understanding how to organize argumentation statements is important to effectively support intelligence analysis. One common approach to supporting analysis is with semi-structured argumentation interfaces, in which the user interrelates and organizes individual free-text analysis units to form a coherent overall argument. An important issue in the semi-structured argumentation approach is what expressivity and structuring assistance should be provided to the users in composing statements into a coherent analysis. At the same time, such interfaces can benefit from being easy to learn while being able to support analyses of different structures and in different domains. Based on our experiences of designing such easy-to-use, yet expressive interfaces, we argue for a particular approach to capturing overall argument structure: as a hierarchy of potentially heterogeneous nodes, with each node using a representation which matches the type of the analysis at that node. Node-level representations we have found promising include pro/con analysis and comparison of alternative competing hypotheses. To support additional analysis types suggested by our experience, we anticipate that additional representations, e.g., an event-structure based representation, may need to be added. We conclude by discussing opportunities for automatic assistance with specific analysis tasks, given this “hierarchy of heterogeneous nodes” approach.
The Name Is Not Always the Same (1997)

This Article explores the present Internet addressing system, the history of trademark disputes on the Internet, and proposals for resolving these disputes. Part I provides a brief history of the Internet, discusses its addressing system, and explains the use of domain names as identifiers for companies on the Internet. Part II introduces the current system for registering Internet domain names and the problems associated with its structure. Part III gives a brief background of trademark law and tracks the evolution of disputes that have arisen as a result of the intersection of the Internet and trademark law. Finally, Part IV offers alternative proposals to remedy the increasing dissatisfaction with the current address registration system.
Effects of Neuropeptide Y on Intrarenal Hemodynamics, Plasma Renin Activity and Urinary Sodium Excretion in Rats (1996)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is a vasoconstrictor peptide possibly involved in the regulation of renal sodium handling and renin release. This investigation was undertaken to assess in conscious normotensive rats the acute effects of a non-pressor dose of NPY on renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate, sodium excretion and plasma renin activity. Experiments were also performed during concomitant β-adrenoceptor stimulation with isoproterenol. NPY per se had no effect on the studied parameters. Renal plasma flow was increased by isoproterenol and was significantly higher when the β-adrenoceptor stimulant was infused alone (13.4 ± 2.1 ml/min, p < 0.05, mean ± SEM) than when administered together with NPY (7.2 ± 2.0 ml/min). This was also true for glomerular filtration rate (3.3 ± 0.3 vs. 1.8 ± 0.3 ml/min, p < 0.01) and plasma renin activity (6.3 ± 1.7 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 ng Ang I/ml/h, p < 0.05). Our data however do not allow to deduce whether the inhibitory effect of NPY on isoproterenol-induced renin release is mediated by changes in intrarenal hemodynamics or a direct effect on juxtaglomerular cells.
[The effect of electro-acupuncture on endogenous EPCs and serum cytokines in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat]. (2010)

In this research project, rats were made into animal models of acute focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (IR) by occlusion of their middle cerebral artery (MCAO). We observed the effect of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and serum cytokines on cerebral ischemia rats treated by electro-acupuncture(EA). The results showed: MCAO model had high stability after EA treatment which was delivered via the acupuncture needles inserted into "quchi" and "zusanli" points, the nervous functions of cerebral IR rats recovered faster than those of rats not treated; EPCs in rats' blood increased after acute focal cerebral ischemia and reperfusion; and the growth rate was obvious in IR group. This phenomenon might be related to the inflammation elicited by injury of ischemia and self-repair. Besides, EA treatment could decrease induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity, alleviate injury after cerebral ischemia, and regulate the quantity of EPCs in blood. The quantity of EPCs in blood increased in IR-24hr. In IR-48 hr, the rise of EPCs quantity was significant (P < 0.01). The level of vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) in serum of rats after cerebral ischemia was escalated, which indicated to a certain extent that cerebral ischemia could stimulate stress reaction. EA treatment could raise VEGF level, which suggested that high expression of VEGF could accelerate mobilization, chemotaxis and homing of EPCs. At the same time, the levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) also changed. In conclusion, EA treatment could promote neovascularization after cerebral ischemia by mobilizing EPCs, decreasing iNOS activity and increasing VEGF level. This may be one of the ways by which EA could treat cerebral ischemia.
Permeability estimates of self‐affine fracture faults based on generalization of the bottleneck concept (2010)

We propose a method for calculating the effective permeability of two‐dimensional self‐affine permeability fields based on generalizing the one‐dimensional concept of a bottleneck. We test the method on fracture faults where the local permeability field is given by the cube of the aperture field. The method remains accurate even when there is substantial mechanical overlap between the two fracture surfaces. The computational efficiency of the method is comparable to calculating a simple average and is more than two orders of magnitude faster than solving the Reynolds equations using a finite difference scheme.
СИНТЕЗ И ИЗУЧЕНИЕ МЕДЬСОДЕРЖАЩИХ ПОЛИМЕРОВ НА ОСНОВЕ СУЛЬФАТОВ МИКРОКРИСТАЛЛИЧЕСКОЙ ЦЕЛЛЮЛОЗЫ ИЗ ДРЕВЕСИНЫ ЛИСТВЕННИЦЫ (2017)

For the first time, the synthesis of water-soluble copper-containing sulfates of microcrystalline cellulose (Сu-MCS) was carried out by ion exchange method. The composition of the obtained products was studied using chemical methods and X-ray spectral microanalysis. The copper content in the obtained Сu-MCS samples was 12.6-14.1%. The absence of sodium in the obtained polymer shows complete substitution of sodium cations on the copper cations in the sodium salt of MCC sulfate. The structure of the copper-containing sulfates of microcrystalline cellulose was studied by methods of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). It was shown by XRD, that Сu-MCS and the sodium salt of MCC sulfate had amorphous structure in contrast to the samples of the original MCC, with a high degree of crystallinity. According to EPR data there is a formation of copper-containing salt system with a pseudo-crystalline structure in the samples of Сu-MCS. As shown by atomic-force microscopy, the surface of the Сu-MCS films consists of homogeneous crystallites which have a spherical or slightly extended form and the sizes of about 70 nm. The film surface was quite homogeneous in its phase composition and contained no impurities.
Depression of immunologic reactivity of patients with acute leukemia (1971)

T h e immunologic status of 146 patients with acute leukemia has been explored a t different stages of the disease, before and during various treatments, and compared with clinical and hematologic status.Preestablished delayed hypersensitivity (D.H.) was studied by intradermal injection of 4 antigens: antibody response by injection of polio vaccine.D.H. reactions were found to be slightly impaired before treatment.During induction therapy, the immunodepression involves mainly antibody production, while D.H. is preserved in most cases.Abolition of D.H. reactions occur during drug-induced aplasias, and strongly correlates the severity of the aplasia.Maintenance treatments tested did not significantly affect immunologic reactivity of patients in remission. T IS THOUGHT THAT UNTREATED PATIENTSI with acute leukemia have no detectable immunologic deficiencies and that the causative agent has little or no effect on immunologic reactivity.Normal delayed hypersensitivity (D.H.) skin tests were found in patients with acute leukemia,B* 22 and the antibody response after immunization with ty pe-specific pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide I and I1 was higher in untreated acute leukemia patients than in a control group.17By contrast, the immunologic reactions of patients with acute leukemia are markedly depressed by chemotherapy.During the past years, many investigators have evaluated the influence of high doses of cytotoxic agents on the course of the disease, but little is known about immunologic functions during and after therapy.It is our purpose here to report studies concerning cellular and humoral immune functions of patients with treated and untreated acute leukemia.These patients were studied at different stages of their disease, before, during, and after cytotoxic therapy.
A review and meta‐analysis of the impact of intestinal worms on child growth and nutrition (2008)

More than a half of the world's population are infected with one or more species of intestinal worms of which the nematodes Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and the hookworms are the most common and important in terms of child health. This paper: (1) introduces the main species of intestinal worms with particular attention to intestinal nematodes; (2) examines how such worms may affect child growth and nutrition; (3) reviews the biological and epidemiological factors that influence the effects that worms can have on the growth and nutrition of children; (4) considers the many factors that can affect the impact of treatment with anthelmintic drugs; (5) presents the results of a meta-analysis of studies of the effect of treating worm infections on child growth and nutrition; (6) discusses the results in terms of what is reasonable to expect that deworming alone can achieve; (7) describes some important characteristics of an ideal study of the effects of deworming; and (8) comments on the implications for programmes of recommendations concerning mass deworming.
In Situ Scanning Tunneling Microscopy of Underpotential Deposition of Copper at Pt(100) Electrodes Coated with an Iodine Monolayer (2001)

Reported here are in situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) results of underpotential deposition (UPD) of copper at an iodine-modified Pt(100) electrode. The cyclic voltammograms reveal that an iodine adlayer strongly adsorbed on Pt(100) resulted in a 350 mV delay of Cu deposition with respect to that of a bare Pt(100) electrode. High-quality in situ STM imaging reveals the atomic structures of the iodine adlayers before and after the deposition of Cu adatoms. Depending on the dosage of iodine vapor to an annealed Pt(100) electrode, two ordered structures of the iodine adatoms are formed and are characterized as ( × 5 )R45° and ( × 9 )R45° with coverage of 0.6 and 0.55, respectively. The predominant inter-adsorbate interaction results in adsorption of iodine at either symmetric 4-fold or asymmetric sites. Since the Cu deposit displaces the iodine adatoms on Pt(100), the iodine adatoms with weaker surface bonding are replaced first, leading to anisotropic deposition. Regardless of the initial iodine structures on Pt(100), deposition of Cu results in a c(2 × 2) structure. The deposition and dissolution processes are reversible with respect to the Cu adatoms but the iodine overlayer undergoes irreversible reconstruction from ( × 5 )R45° to c(2 × 2). In situ STM atomic imaging at the onset of bulk Cu deposition also reveals protruding islands with ordered c(2 × 2) structure of iodine adatoms, suggesting a pseudomorphic structure of the 2nd Cu adlayer.
Stability of Soybean Ribosomal RNA in Various Conditions (1973)

The stability of RNA preparations which were prepared from soybean cotyledons was examined by incubating the RNA solutions of high salt at 20°C in the presence or absence of PVS. Sedimentation profiles of incubated RNA were given by ultracentrifugal analysis and compared with that of original RNA. RNA retained its original size after incubating for 4 hr in the presence of PVS and 200mM KCl, while RNA was completely degraded into small fragments in the absence of PVS after the same treatment. The purified rRNA which was prepared from 3 day-old hypocotyls was treated with heating, EDTA or urea in the presence of PVS. L-rRNA component was obviously disappeared by heating at 50°C for 5min. Partial disruption of L-rRNA component occurred by dialyzing against urea solution. L-rRNA separated by zonal ultracentrifugation was decomposed into components by heat treatment or leaving at 4°C for 20 hr in the buffer from which KCl was omitted. No back-conversion of heated RNA to original L-rRNA occurred by gradual cooling at room temperature for 40min. S-rRNA, however, seemed to be stable in these treatments compared with L-rRNA.
SEE vulnerability bit analysis method for switch matrix of SRAM-based FPGA circuits (2016)

Analytical method is becoming a novel and attractive method to evaluate the Single Event Effect (SEE) performance of the circuit implemented in SRAM-based FPGA. A SEE vulnerability analysis model of FPGA circuit is proposed, which describes the function between the soft failure rate and the SEE vulnerability bit of FPGA circuit. The analysis methodology of SEE vulnerability bit of switch matrix is stated, and a software based on RapidSmith platform is developed. Fault injection based on reconfiguration of SRAM-based FPGA has been developed to verify the analysis method. The experimental results indicate that the SEE vulnerability bit analysis method is feasible.
Individual growth of stature of Japanese. (1987)

The growth of individual's stature of the Hiroshima Growth Study was characterized from early childhood to adulthood. The samples used here were 2,567 males and 971 females. A Gompertz type growth model was used for characterizing both an individual and an average growth of stature. The expected amount of information per observation was evaluated which was useful for designing an observation scheme in physical growth study. An approach, to detect an undersirable individual growth and the changes of growth, was proposed for characterizing individual growth by estimating unknown parameters of the growth model based upon his longitudinal measurements. The average growth of population was considered by the use of the estimates of growth parameters for each individual. The distributions of statures at each age, the distributions of ages attaining special characteristics of growth, and the distribution of growth increments after the onset of adolescence have been included.
Changes in adenylate cyclase activity during erythroid differentiation of Friend erythroleukemic cells [proceedings]. (1978)

Significant changes in membrane-bound enzyme, adenylate cyclase were found in Friend erythroleukemic cells during erythroid differentiation induced by different chemical agents.
DNA Detection Using a Triple Readout Optical/AFM/MALDI Planar Microwell Plastic Chip (2008)

A ready-to-spot disposable DNA chip for specific and sensitive detection of DNA was developed. Plastic copolymeric substrate chemistry was optimized to selectively couple the target DNA with the active chip surface. At the same time, the developed substrate limits the unspecific adsorption of probe DNA molecules or additional polar contaminants in the test samples to the chip surface. The combination of glycidyl and n-butyl methacrylates was found to best fit the requirements of the assay. The fabricated DNA microarrays have mechanical properties similar to those of the glass or silicon substrates and, at the same time, provide chemically reactive surfaces that do not require lengthy chemical modification. An additional advantage of the plastic microchip is its compatibility with different analytical readout techniques, such as mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), optical detection (fluorescence and enzyme-induced metal deposition), and imaging techniques (atomic force microscopy). These multiple readout techniques have given us the ability to compare the sensitivity, selectivity, and robustness of current state-of-the-art bioanalytical methods on the same platform exemplified by successful DNA-based detection of human cytomegalovirus. The obtained sensitivity for enzymatically enhanced silver deposition (10(-15) M) surpasses that of conventional fluorescence readouts. In addition, the assay's dynamic range (10(-6)-10(-15) M), reproducibility, and reliability of the DNA probe detection speaks for the silver deposition method. At compromised sensitivity (10(-9) M), the length of the DNA probes could be checked and, alternatively, DNA single point polymorphisms could be analyzed.
Women in Science: Are We Really Making Progress? (1987)

(1987). Women in Science: Are We Really Making Progress? The Review of Education: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 99-104.
Does Further Extracorporeal Lithotripsy Promote Clearance of Small Residual Fragments? (1991)

Small persistent fragments (less than or equal to 4 mm) following extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy have been termed clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF), but their presence may be associated with an increased rate of development of recurrent symptomatic renal calculi. We have adopted a policy of further extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy (EPL) for patients with CIRF in an attempt to promote complete clearance. A series of 22 patients with a mean initial stone burden of 16 mm (range 7-48) developed CIRF after a median of 2 EPL treatment sessions (range 1-9). CIRF were in the lower calices (n = 20), middle calices (n = 1) and upper calices (n = 1). These calices were normal (n = 6), slightly dilated (n = 9), moderately dilated (n = 2) or grossly dilated (n = 5). After 6 to 14 months, patients underwent a further session of EPL. One month later, 3 patients with normal calices showed a considerable reduction in CIRF, but all other patients showed no change. When CIRF form in normal calices a further session of EPL may promote clearance. However, when calices containing CIRF are significantly dilated, further EPL is of no value.
Temperature sensitivity of 1300-nm InGaAsN quantum-well lasers (2002)

The temperature sensitivity of metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-grown highly strained (/spl Delta//spl alpha///spl alpha//spl sim/2.7%) In/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/Asand In/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/As/sub 0.995/N/sub 0.005/ quantum-well (QW) active lasers, with lasing wavelength of 1.185 and 1.295 μm, respectively, is analyzed in terms of measured fundamental device parameters. From our analysis, the lower To values for the InGaAsN QW lasers can be explained in terms of the temperature dependence of the current injection efficiency, presumably due to increased carrier leakage in the InGaAsN QW lasers.
Calamintha nepeta (L.) Savi (1999)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/4100/thumbnail.jpg
Tympanic Membrane Derived Stem Cell-Like Cultures for Tissue Regeneration (2018)

Epidermal cells with stem cell-like characteristics have been identified in the tympanic membrane (TM) and localized specifically to the umbo and annulus regions. While they have been proposed to play a role in the regeneration of both acute and chronic TM perforations, evidence for the mechanism and regulation of their contribution is not yet described. Indeed, the behavior of these putative stem cells is largely unknown, in part due to a lack of refined methods for efficient cell isolation. In this study, we compared different explant techniques using normal and perforated rat TM tissues and investigated their ex vivo characteristics. TM after perforation in vivo showed increased staining for epidermal stem cell markers integrin β1 and cytokeratin (CK) 19, and for proliferation Ki-67, indicating activation of the proliferative centers. A mixed population of fibroblasts and epithelial cells were isolated from explant cultures. Excised TM umbo implanted on a culture well insert was the most effective technique. Explants made from perforated TM produced cells before those from unperforated TM. More importantly, the implanted TM umbo organoid was capable of producing cells in a continuous manner, allowing subsequent harvest using trypsin. Primary rat TM epithelial cell cultures positive for pancytokeratin had colony forming activity and could be enriched for CK 19-positive cells that were capable of culture expansion by proliferation and cell migration when subject to a wound assay. Taken together, trauma to the TM activated the proliferative centers and prompted early cell production from TM umbo organoid cultures, which produced TM stem cell-like cultures that proved suitable for tissue engineering of the TM.