gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HDS for fuel cell applications (2012)

The objective of this chapter is to investigate the feasibility of developing a catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process operating under low pressure and high temperature conditions to produce a near-zero sulfur content diesel suitable for fuel cell applications. As expected, it was found that decreasing the operating pressure will reduce the adsorbed hydrogen content on the catalyst surface and hence the percentage of sulfur removal (i.e. HDS activity). This is compensated by increasing the temperature which increases the catalytic activity and the hydrogen solubility, but at the same local bulk phase conditions the hydrogen coverage is decreased. Furthermore, the choice of the feedstock is an important factor. This chapter includes a comparison with other commercialized and under-development desulfurization processes, besides the conventional catalytic HDS process. Light is shed on types of HDS catalysts used to achieve low sulfur specifications.
Synthesis, Structures, and Photophysical Properties of Alternating Donor–Acceptor Cycloparaphenylenes (2017)

The synthesis of alternating donor-acceptor [12] and [16]cycloparaphenylenes (CPPs) has been achieved by the rhodium-catalyzed intermolecular cross-cyclotrimerization followed by imidation and/or aromatization. These alternating donor-acceptor CPPs showed positive solvatofluorochromic properties and smaller HOMO-LUMO gaps compared with nonfunctionalized CPPs, which was confirmed by the theoretical study.
Towards a Closed Form Second-Order Natural Scene Statistics Model (2018)

Previous work on natural scene statistics (NSS)-based image models has focused primarily on characterizing the univariate bandpass statistics of single pixels. These models have proven to be powerful tools driving a variety of computer vision and image/video processing applications, including depth estimation, image quality assessment, and image denoising, among others. Multivariate NSS models descriptive of the joint distributions of spatially separated bandpass image samples have, however, received relatively little attention. Here, we develop a closed form bivariate spatial correlation model of bandpass and normalized image samples that completes an existing 2D joint generalized Gaussian distribution model of adjacent bandpass pixels. Our model is built using a set of diverse, high-quality naturalistic photographs, and as a control, we study the model properties on white noise. We also study the way the model fits are affected when the images are modified by common distortions.
Designing XML vocabularies with UML (poster session) (2000)

The tools and processes used to design XML vocabularies (DTD or XML Schema) are generally different from those used for application design using UML. In addition, large XML vocabularies are often difficult to understand and communicate with business users. This research summary describes the use of UML class diagrams for modeling XML vocabularies and generating XML Schemas from the UML.
The role of phases in detecting three-qubit entanglement (2017)

We propose separability criteria for three-qubit states in terms of diagonal and anti-diagonal entries to detect entanglement with positive partial transposes. We report that the phases, that is, the angular parts of anti-diagonal entries, play a crucial role in determining whether a given three-qubit state is separable or entangled, and they must obey even an identity for separability in some cases. These criteria are strong enough to detect PPT (positive partial transpose) entanglement with nonzero volume. In several cases when all the entries are zero except for diagonal and anti-diagonal entries, we characterize separability using phases. These include the cases when anti-diagonal entries of such states share a common magnitude, and when ranks are less than or equal to six. We also compute the lengths of rank six cases and find three-qubit separable states with lengths 8 whose maximum ranks of partial transposes are 7.
ELID Grinding Characteristics and Surface Analysis for Micro Fabrication of Advanced Ceramics (2007)

The present paper describes the highly efficient and precise ELID grinding method and presents a discussion on the ELID grinding process and the grinding characteristics of several kinds of ceramic materials. The following conclusions are obtained; (1) Good ground surface roughness and accuracy are achieved using the #4000 metal-bonded grinding wheel in through-feed centerless grinding for ZrO2 optical fiber ferrules. (2) Efficient and precise grinding of spherical lens molds with cup wheels using the ELID CG-grinding process was proposed and tested in the present study. (3) The ELID grinding method can be used to fabricate machined surfaces exhibiting desirable characteristics for hard AlN ceramics. The ELID ground AlN demonstrated a surface hardness and sliding characteristics that were superior to those of the polished series. These advantages may be attributable to the diffusion phenomenon of the oxygen element produced by the ELID grinding.
The role of farmer organizations and networks in the rice supply chain in Thailand (2018)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the development of rice supply chain in the context of the role of rice farmer organizations and cooperative networks in Thailand. Design/methodology/approach Primary data were solicited from the cooperatives and members of cooperatives for this study through questionnaire administration. The questionnaire containing a five-point Likert scale was posed to respondents to ascertain their problems before and after joining the network (for cooperative) and after joining the cooperative (for members). This study employed the independent two-sample student t -test (two-tailed) to test for significant difference in the means of scores regarding the problems of cooperatives before and after the cooperative network, and also to test for significant difference in the means of scores of the problems of members of the cooperatives before and after joining the cooperative. Findings The study revealed that key production and marketing problems such as increased transaction costs and market uncertainties confronting the cooperative organizations have been diminished as a result of the networks. Key problems of the members of the cooperatives such as exploitation and opportunistic behavior of traders to whom they sell their products have been reduced as a result of joining the cooperatives. Research limitations/implications This paper is not without caveat. The governance structures in relation to leadership, financial arrangements and bargaining power balance have not been analyzed in this study and these are avenues for further research. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first that examined the combined roles of farmer organizations and cooperative networks in developing the rice supply chain in Thailand.
Ketene Acetals. X. The Elimination of Hydrogen Bromide from the Acetals of α-Bromoaldehydes. Isopropyl- and n-Propylketene Diethylacetal (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKetene Acetals. X. The Elimination of Hydrogen Bromide from the Acetals of α-Bromoaldehydes. Isopropyl- and n-Propylketene DiethylacetalS. M. McElvain, Robert L. Clarke, and Giffin D. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 8, 1966–1969Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01260a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01260a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modélisation numérique du rechargement de pièces en Inconel 738 (2011)

L’utilisation de l’Inconel 738 (superalliage&#13;\n base nickel) est aujourd’hui freinée par des problèmes de soudabilité qui se traduisent&#13;\n par l’apparition de fissures lors des opérations de réparation de pièces par&#13;\n rechargement ou d’assemblages de pièces par soudage. Un modèle de simulation numérique&#13;\n du soudage de cet alliage a été développé sur la base d’un couplage entre aspects&#13;\n thermiques, métallurgiques et mécaniques puis validé sur un cas simple de soudage et sur&#13;\n un cas de rechargement.
Fast view synthesis using GPU for 3D display (2008)

In this paper, we develop a fast view synthesis method that generates multiple intermediate views in real time for a 3D display system when the camera geometry and the depth map of the reference views are given. The proposed method achieves a faster view synthesis than previous approaches by processing in parallel the entire computations required for the view synthesis in GPU. Specifically, we use a specialized GPU architecture to control the GPU device and to optimize the speed effectiveness of the proposed fast view synthesis method. To increase the processing speed, we adapted all the processes for the view synthesis to a single instruction multiple data (SIMD) structure that is a main feature of GPU programming, we maximized the use of the high-speed memories on the GPU device, and we optimized the implementation. As a result, we could synthesize 8 intermediate view images with a size of 1024 by 768 pixels within 0.147 second.
Experimental investigation of the logarithmic correction to the mean-field order parameter of the four-dimensional Ising ferromagnet (1979)

The order parameter $\ensuremath{\Phi}$ of the four-dimensional simple hypercubic spin-\textonehalf{} Ising ferromagnet is calculated by the Monte Carlo technique. The data, which may be represented by $\ensuremath{\Phi}(t)=B{(\ensuremath{-}t)}^{\frac{1}{2}}{|\mathrm{ln}(\ensuremath{-}t)|}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ with $1.53&lt;B&lt;1.56$ for $0.005&lt;\ensuremath{-}t\ensuremath{\equiv}\frac{({T}_{c}\ensuremath{-}T)}{{T}_{c}}&lt;0.40$, supports the theoretical prediction of a multiplicative logarithmic correction to the mean-field description of the critical behavior in four dimensions.
ChemInform Abstract: PREFERRED KINETIC MIGRATION OF METHYL AND PREFERRED THERMODYNAMIC MIGRATION OF PHENYL IN CONVERSION OF CIS‐ACETYLBENZOYLTETRACARBONYLRHENATE(I) TO CIS‐BENZOYLMETHYLTETRACARBONYLRHENATE(I) AND CIS‐ACETYLPHENYLTETRACARBONYLRHENATE(I) (1980)

Abstract Die Reaktion von Methyllithium (IIa) mit dem Benzoyl‐Re‐Komplex (Ia) bzw. die Reaktion von Phenyllithium (IIb) mit dem Acetyl‐Re‐Komplex (Ib) liefern das Rhenat (III), das reversibel zu (IV) protoniert werden kann.
β-Aminoethyltrifluoroborates:  Efficient Aminoethylations via Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling (2006)

A set of phenethylamines has been successfully prepared via Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of diverse potassium beta-aminoethyltrifluoroborates with aryl halides. The potassium beta-aminoethyltrifluoroborates were easily prepared via hydroboration of enamine and enamide precursors. [reaction: see text].
Single-molecule two-colour coincidence detection to probe biomolecular associations (2010)

Two-colour coincidence detection (TCCD) is a form of single-molecule fluorescence developed to sensitively detect and characterize associated biomolecules without any separation, in solution, on the cell membrane and in live cells. In the present short review, we first explain the principles of the method and then describe the application of TCCD to a range of biomedical problems and how this method may be developed further in the future to try to monitor biological processes in live cells.
A Fully Reconfigurable Approach to Emergency Management (2013)

Emergency management is one of the most important areas where technology innovation has direct impact on social well-being and sustainability. In the past few years, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has proved to be instrumental to improve emergency management with particular focus on resilience, rapidity of response, adaptability to situations. To these ends, joint optimization of communication and computing is a promising cross-layer approach. Indeed, this paper is focused on the consideration of both cognitive and autonomic networking approaches when deploying an emergency management system. The cognitive approach was initially considered specifically for wireless communications, while the autonomic approach was initially introduced for managing complex computing systems; however, they share several similarities in dealing with fully reconfigurable systems. The future trend is to expand their influence toward the global optimization of the ICT infrastructure, as the authors show in this paper for the specific case of emergency management systems.
Classification of electrically-evoked compound action potentials in the parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus region (2022)

Abstract Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) generated in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) contain features that may be useful for titrating deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Delivering a strong therapeutic effect with DBS therapies, however, relies on selectively targeting neural pathways to avoid inducing side effects. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal features of ECAPs in and around the STN across parameter sweeps of stimulation current amplitude, pulse width, and electrode configuration, and used a linear classifier of ECAP responses to predict electrode location. Four non-human primates were implanted unilaterally with either a directional (n=3) or non-directional (n=1) DBS lead targeting the sensorimotor STN. ECAP responses were characterized by primary features (within 1.6 ms after a stimulus pulse) and secondary features (between 1.6-7.4 ms after a stimulus pulse). Using these ECAP features, a linear classifier was able to accurately differentiate electrodes within the STN versus dorsal to the STN in all four subjects. ECAP responses varied systematically with recording and stimulating electrode locations, which provides a subject-specific neuroanatomical basis for selecting electrode configurations in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with DBS therapy.
Methods and apparatus for vertical coupling from dielectric waveguides (2023)

A frequency-chirped nano-antenna provides efficient sub-wavelength vertical emission from a dielectric waveguide. In one example, this nano-antenna includes a set of plasmonic dipoles on the opposite side of a SiYV.sub.4 waveguide from a ground plane. The resulting structure, which is less than half a wavelength long, emits a broadband beam (e.g., >300 nm) that can be coupled into an optical fiber. In some embodiments, a diffractive optical element with unevenly shaped regions of high- and low-index dielectric material collimates the broadband beam for higher coupling efficiency. In some cases, a negative lens element between the nano-antenna and the diffractive optical element accelerates the emitted beam's divergence (and improves coupling efficiency), allowing for more compact packaging. Like the diffractive optical element, the negative lens element includes unevenly shaped regions of high- and low-index dielectric material that can be designed to compensate for aberrations in the beam emitted by the nano-antenna.
Compensatory role for Pyk2 during angiogenesis in adult mice lacking endothelial cell FAK (2008)

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a critical role during vascular development because knockout of FAK in endothelial cells (ECs) is embryonic lethal. Surprisingly, tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout of FAK in adult blood vessels (inducible EC-specific FAK knockout [i-EC-FAK-KO]) produces no vascular phenotype, and these animals are capable of developing a robust growth factor-induced angiogenic response. Although angiogenesis in wild-type mice is suppressed by pharmacological inhibition of FAK, i-EC-FAK-KO mice are refractory to this treatment, which suggests that adult i-EC-FAK-KO mice develop a compensatory mechanism to bypass the requirement for FAK. Indeed, expression of the FAK-related proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2) is elevated and phosphorylated in i-EC-FAK-KO blood vessels. In cultured ECs, FAK knockdown leads to increased Pyk2 expression and, surprisingly, FAK kinase inhibition leads to increased Pyk2 phosphorylation. Pyk2 can functionally compensate for the loss of FAK because knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of Pyk2 disrupts angiogenesis in i-EC-FAK-KO mice. These studies reveal the adaptive capacity of ECs to switch to Pyk2-dependent signaling after deletion or kinase inhibition of FAK.
Housekeeping Genes for Phylogenetic Analysis of Eutherian Relationships (2006)

The molecular relationship of placental mammals has attracted great interest in recent years. However, 2 crucial and conflicting hypotheses remain, one with respect to the position of the root of the eutherian tree and the other the relationship between the orders Rodentia, Lagomorpha (rabbits, hares), and Primates. Although most mitochondrial (mt) analyses have suggested that rodents have a basal position in the eutherian tree, some nuclear data in combination with mt-rRNA genes have placed the root on the so-called African clade or on a branch that includes this clade and the Xenarthra (e.g., anteater and armadillo). In order to generate a new and independent set of molecular data for phylogenetic analysis, we have established cDNA sequences from different tissues of various mammalian species. With this in mind, we have identified and sequenced 8 housekeeping genes with moderately fast rate of evolution from 22 placental mammals, representing 11 orders. In order to determine the root of the eutherian tree, the same genes were also sequenced for 3 marsupial species, which were used as outgroup. Inconsistent with the analyses of nuclear + mt-rRNA gene data, the current data set did not favor a basal position of the African clade or Xenarthra in the eutherian tree. Similarly, by joining rodents and lagomorphs on the same basal branch (Glires hypothesis), the data set is also inconsistent with the tree commonly favored in mtDNA analyses. The analyses of the currently established sequences have helped examination of problematic parts in the eutherian tree at the same time as they caution against suggestions that have claimed that basal eutherian relationships have been conclusively settled.
Prediction of magnetic microstructure in iron with a new finite element model (2002)

An original 2D numerical method based on energy minimization allows to describe magnetism at microscopic level. 2D Domain wall structures are predicted with well-known vortices, and when the external magnetic field is increasing from small to higher excitations, we observe first a curvature of the Bloch walls, and next the creation of several small flux-closure domains. Structures around a non magnetic inclusion are also correctly predicted.
Development of methods to study the conformational dynamics of quantum dot-oligonucleotide conjugates by single molecule spectroscopy (2009)

The optical properties and significant surface area of CdSe/ZnS QDs make such nanoparticles an interesting platform for the preparation of nucleic acid biosensors based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Interactions between QDs and oligonucleotides affect biosensor performance and are not fully understood. Ensemble data obtained via FRET experiments indicated that, on average, 4-5 added oligonucleotides saturated the surface of green emitting QDs. An increase in the number of oligonucleotides per QD appeared to cause the oligonucleotides to transition from collapsed to upright conformations. Since bulk averaging hides details of such processes, methods must be developed and materials identified for studying QD-oligonucleotide conjugates at the single molecule level. Single QDs have been immobilized and fluorescence intensity trajectories measured. High count rates and good photostability were achieved using carboxyl polymer-coated QDs. Modeling of FRET efficiency based on the dimensions of QDs and oligonucleotides indicated that transitions between collapsed and upright conformations can be accurately measured based on changes in QD fluorescence lifetime. The ultimate goal of this work is to elucidate QD-oligonucleotide dynamics for better design and optimization of nucleic acid biosensors based on QDs.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Cowden Syndrome (2005)

Cowden syndrome (CS) is a rare autosomal dominant genodermatosis, characterized by multiple hamartomas, particularly of the skin, associated with high frequencies of breast, thyroid, and genitourinary malignancies. Although Lhermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) or dysplastic gangliocytoma of the cerebellum, a slowly progressive unilateral tumor, is a major criterion of CS, its frequency in patients with CS is unknown. Other cerebral abnormalities, especially meningioma and vascular malformations, have also been described, albeit rarely, in these patients. The aim of the current study was to use cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate LDD frequency and to investigate other brain abnormalities in CS patients recruited by dermatologists. A multicenter study was conducted in 8 hospital dermatology departments between January 2000 and December 2003. Twenty patients with CS were included; specific cerebral MRI abnormalities were found in 35% (7/20) of them. Cerebral MRI revealed LDD in 3 patients, a meningioma in 1, and numerous vascular malformations in 6 patients. Five patients had venous angiomas (3 associated with LDD) and 2 patients had cavernous angiomas (1 associated with LDD and a venous angioma). The discovery of asymptomatic LDD in 3 patients and a cavernous angioma in another prompted us to perform neurologic examinations regularly and MRI to estimate the size and the extension of the tumor, and to assess the need for surgery. CS similarities with Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba (BRR) are discussed because some patients could also have the BRR phenotype (for example, genital lentigines, macrocephaly, multiple lipomas) and because BRR seems to have more central nervous system vascular anomalies. Because CS signs can involve numerous systems, all physicians who might encounter this disease should be aware of its neurologic manifestations. Our findings confirm the contribution of brain MRI to detecting asymptomatic LDD, vascular malformations, and meningiomas in patients with CS.