gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LiDAR and Camera Calibration Using Motions Estimated by Sensor Fusion Odometry (2018)

This paper proposes a targetless and automatic camera-LiDAR calibration method. Our approach extends the hand-eye calibration framework to 2D-3D calibration. The scaled camera motions are accurately calculated using a sensor-fusion odometry method. We also clarify the suitable motions for our calibration method. Whereas other calibrations require the LiDAR reflectance data and an initial extrinsic parameter, the proposed method requires only the three-dimensional point cloud and the camera image. The effectiveness of the method is demonstrated in experiments using several sensor configurations in indoor and outdoor scenes. Our method achieved higher accuracy than comparable state-of-the-art methods.
Atomic Scale Crystal Field Mapping of Polar Vortices in Oxide Superlattices (2022)

Polar vortices in oxide superlattices can be utilized as potential candidates for data storage applications due to their unique polarization topologies. The structure and dipole arrangement in polar vortices has been studied via X-ray scattering techniques, (scanning) transmission electron microscopy ((S)/TEM) and computational calculations. However, the fundamental correlation between the atomic structure and the electronic structure (which is manifested in the chemical bonding) has heretofore not been explored. Further, The hybridization between nominally empty $\textit{d}$ orbitals on the B-site with the occupied O 2$\textit{p}$ orbitals favors the condensation of a polar (ferroelectric) state in $\textit{AB}$O<sub>3</sub> perovskite oxides. The complex, continuously rotating local polarization texture of the vortices, in turn, can result in especially intricate $\textit{d}$- orbital interactions. Soft X-ray spectroscopy can probe these interactions at the transition metal $\textit{L}$-edge, but these techniques do not have the spatial resolution to resolve variations within one vortex (~5 nm region). Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in the STEM mode uses inelastically scattered electrons to probe the core-shell excitations (empty density of states) of transition metals at atomic resolution.
A 1.8-GHz 33-dBm $P$ 0.1-dB CMOS T/R Switch Using Stacked FETs With Feed-Forward Capacitors in a Floated Well Structure (2009)

A 33-dBm <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> 0.1-dB single-pole double-throw antenna switch is designed and implemented using a standard 0.18-mum CMOS process at 1.8 GHz. An analysis shows a relation between parasitic junction capacitors and substrate resistance for low insertion loss (IL). The power-handling capability of the switch was also investigated through the voltage dividing mechanism through the substrate in the case of an ON-insertion loss-state NMOS switch implemented in a triple-well structure. A multistacked field-effect transistor (FET) structure with feed-forward capacitors in an Rx switch was chosen as the method of designing an antenna switch with high power-handling capability. Low IL of the switch in the multistacked FET structure is achieved by the optimization of layout and minimization of junction capacitors through the deep <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -well bias. Allowance of a negative voltage swing at either the source or drain port is ensured by a floated well structure with a negatively biased <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> -well for each switch device of the multistacked FET structure. Intentional unequal division of the voltage swing level at each NMOS device by feed-forward capacitors with negative biases of the off-state switches helps to prevent channel formation in the off-state device. Experimental data shows that the proposed design achieves a 0.1-dB compression point at 33-dBm input power at 1.8 GHz with a negative bias supply to control the voltage at the off-state switches and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</i> -well of each device. The IL of the Tx switch is 0.5 and 0.73 dB at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz, respectively. The Rx switch has 0.7- and 1.1-dB IL at 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz, respectively. In addition, a reliability issue related to antenna load mismatch was tested using a load-pull measurement setup.
Metformin Restores Regenerative Potential of Oral Stem Cells in Periodontitis (2023)

Mesenchymal stem cells are pluripotent cells that can undergo differentiation to form cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes, making them invaluable in regenerative medicine. A combination of stem cells, scaffolds, and growth factors can be used to reengineer damaged tissues and organ parts. In the oral cavity, these ecological niches include dental pulp, 2,3 exfoliated deciduous teeth, 4 periodontal ligaments, 5 and the gingiva. Of these, the dental pulp is a readily available reservoir and can be easily obtained from third molar teeth that are indicated for extraction. DPSCs are mesenchymal stem cells and are characterized by cell surface mediators such as CD90, CD105, and CD73 and absent or unexpressed MHC class II Ag human leukocyte Ag-DR isotype. 5 DPSC can be osteoinductive, 6 chondroinductive, 7 adipocyte-inducing, 8 hepatocyte-inducing, 9 pancreatic beta islet cell-inducing, and neuroinductive. They can also modulate the functions of other cells and systemic inflammation. Their therapeutic qualities are predicated on the cells retaining their stem cell properties. 14 However, there is little published information on the impact of the inflammatory microenvironment on the proliferation potential of DPSC. The effect of various host modulatory drugs in reversing the changes caused has not been closely examined.
A comparison of two paradigms: The relative global roles of moist convective versus nonconvective transport (2005)

Global‐scale transport processes are examined in the troposphere using the Model of Ozone and Related Trace Species, version 2 (MOZART‐2). Here MOZART‐2 is driven by input meteorological fields from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Chemistry (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data set during 2001–2002 filtered at approximately 2.8 degrees latitude by 2.8 degrees longitude. Idealized tracers are used to identify deep moist convectively processed airmasses in MOZART‐2, where the convection is parameterized using the Zhang and McFarlane scheme. The simulations show that the troposphere can be divided into a convectively processed regime where deep moist convective transport is predominantly responsible for the transport of trace species from the boundary layer and a nonconvectively processed regime. The boundary between the convectively processed and nonconvectively processed regimes lies between approximately 300 and 310 K. The interplay between moist convective and nonconvective transport explains many aspects of the global tropospheric distribution of trace species, including seasonal, latitudinal and longitudinal changes in species distribution. Evidence is presented that transport in the warm conveyor belts of synoptic systems is the process primarily responsible for lofting trace species into the middle and upper troposphere in the nonconvectively processed regime. The Northern Hemisphere (N. H.) midlatitude troposphere undergoes a substantial seasonal cycle in convective influence with much greater convective impact during summer, primarily from convection north of 30°N. There is a barrier to poleward transport in the upper troposphere across 30°, even during the Northern Hemisphere summer. In specific applications the seasonal change in the transport regimes from Asia to North America is examined during the Intercontinental and Chemical Transformation 2002 (ITCT 2K2) campaign and the chemical consequences of convection are explored. An isentropic viewpoint is emphasized in this study. We use this viewpoint to explain the fact that poleward tracer gradients can be explained by transport considerations alone.
Exploratory analysis of clinical and translational factors associated with the inflamed phenotype in HNSCC. (2015)

3031 Background: Immunotherapy with PD-1/PD-L1 axis blockade shows encouraging activity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). T-cell inflammation and gamma interferon driven gene expression patterns delineate a group of tumors that are most likely to benefit from anti-PD-1 therapy (Seiwert ASCO 2015, Keck CCR 2015). We examined two large, genetically annotated cohorts (TCGA & CHGC) in order to identify putative clinical and translational biomarkers that may predict benefit from anti-PD-1/anti-PD-L1 therapy in patients with HNSCC. Methods: 424 HNSCC tumors from the TCGA cohort were used to calculate a continuous score for tumor inflammation/inflamed mesenchymal phenotype (Keck CCR 2015). Respective scores were then correlated with available clinical, and translational characteristics. We used a second cohort, the Chicago Head and Neck Cancer Genomics cohort (CHGC) N = 132 for validation. In particular we focused on HPV status, tobacco use, anatomic site, stage, gender, race, and mutational burden for discovery of novel biomarkers/associations for HNSCC immunotherapy. Results: HPV status was moderately associated with inflamed phenotype in both cohorts (58/55) of HPV-positive tumors showed a high degree of inflammation, which only 30%/34% of HPV-negative tumors showed this. Smoking status, race, gender, anatomic site (controlling for HPV status), and stage did not correlate with the inflamed phenotype. The highest mutational burdens were seen in inflamed tumors, however correlation was weak. Conclusions: ‘Inflamed phenotype’ is a candidate predictive biomarker of clinical benefit from anti-PD-1 treatment and HPV status correlates with inflamed phenotype. In this study none of other the examined clinical or pathologic features including mutational burden demonstrated predictive characteristics of a therapeutic biomarker to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.
Temperature and wavelength dependence of the rotational Raman gain coefficient in N_2 (1986)

The temperature, wavelength, and J dependence of the rotational Raman gain coefficient has been determined for the S-branch transitions in N(2). First, the temperature dependence (80-300 K) of the density-broadening coefficients was measured using stimulated Raman spectroscopy. Second, the wavelength dependence (250-600 nm) of the polarizability anisotropy was empirically determined by fitting to the most recent experimental data. These two results were then used to calculate the rotational Raman gain coefficients with accuracies estimated at 5%. At room temperature, the high-density limit of the steady-state gain coefficient of the strongest line, S(10), is 4.8 x 10(-12) cm/W for a Stokes wavelength of 568 nm.
Real-time plasma etch control by means of physical plasma parameters with SEERS (1999)

The plasma monitoring system HERCULES utilizes the Self Excited Electron Plasma Resonance Spectroscopy (SEERS) technique. It takes into account the non-linearity of the space charge sheath at the rf electrode, which provides harmonics with the modulated sheath width and high frequency oscillations in the bulk plasma. By using a general discharge model, SEERS provides volume averaged values of electron collision rate, electron density, and bulk power. It thus provides a very efficient real time data compression. The rf sensor head at the chamber walls is on ground potential and does not influence plasma- or process conditions. The sensor measures rf currents only, hence, there is no impact of polymer or other insulating layers on the measured signals. HERCULES is the first process control tool providing real-time accessibility to plasma parameters - based on an electrical measurement principles - for rf plasmas under industrial conditions. The efficient data handling being ready for use in production includes an internal process data bank and offers two ways to control the process: 1) independent of the etch tool, and 2) using a data coupling utility providing fast and easy access to wafer and lot data. Here, the second possibility was used based on a chamber log-sheet for lot and single wafer control. The major benefit of this choice is that data can be analyzed by lot and product using standard software. The SEERS tool demonstrated a high sensitivity and significant correlation of measured signals to variations of fundamental process parameters. It was found to be well suited to control stability of process equipment and to support process optimization and development. Important suppliers, e.g. Applied Materials and Lam Research, have supported the assessment and are interested in applying this process control tool.
Multi-jet electrospinning of polystyrene/polyamide 6 blend: thermal and mechanical properties (2017)

Abstract Polystyrene (PS) has high thermal resistance thus can be applied as thermally comfortable textile. However, the application is limited due its low mechanical strength. In this study, polyamide 6 (PA6) was blended with PS to improve the mechanical strength of PS, by means of a multi-jet electrospinning. Content ratio of the blend web was measured by chemical immersion test and confocal microscopy analysis. Fiber content was in accordance with the number of syringes used for PS and PA6 respectively. The effects of content ratio on the web morphology, thermal resistance, tensile behavior, air and water vapor permeability, and surface hydrophilicity were investigated. The influence of environmental humidity during electrospinning process on three dimensional (3D) web structure was also reported. PS web produced from higher humidity had more pores and corrugations at the surface. The increased surface roughness and porosity led to the increased hydrophobicity and thermal resistance. Though the blending of PA6 with PS enhanced the mechanical strength, the added PA6 decreased air/water vapor permeability and thermal resistance. The lowered thermal resistance by the addition of PA6 was mainly attributed to higher thermal conductivity of PA6 material and lowered air content with PA6 fibers.
New developments in optimizing bronchodilator treatment of COPD: a focus on glycopyrrolate/formoterol combination formulated by co-suspension delivery technology (2018)

COPD causes considerable health and economic burden worldwide, with incidence of the disease expected to continue to rise. Inhaled bronchodilators, such as long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs) and long-acting β<sub>2</sub>-agonists (LABAs), are central to the maintenance treatment of patients with COPD. Clinical studies have demonstrated that combined LAMA + LABA therapies improve efficacy while retaining a safety profile similar to LAMA or LABA alone. This has led to the development of several LAMA/LABA fixed-dose combination (FDC) therapies, which provide patients with the convenience of two active compounds in a single inhaler. GFF MDI (Bevespi Aerosphere<sup>®</sup>) is an FDC of glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate 18/9.6 µg formulated using innovative co-suspension delivery technology for administration via metered dose inhaler (MDI). GFF MDI was developed to make a treatment option available for patients who have a requirement or preference to use an MDI, rather than a dry powder or soft mist inhaler. Now that several LAMA/LABA FDCs have been approved for use in COPD, we review the impact of dual-bronchodilator treatment on COPD therapy and discuss recent clinical studies that are helping to develop a more comprehensive understanding of how LAMA/LABA FDCs can improve patient outcomes.
Stepwise dissection of Plasmodium falciparum merozoite invasion of the human erythrocyte (2010)

A critical step in establishing malaria parasite infection is the ability of the blood stage merozoite to invade erythrocytes. However, much of our understanding about the cell biology of this process has remained unchanged since seminal work, more than 30 years ago, defined the steps of entry by light and electron microscopy. These studies were, however, only possible using merozoites from simian and avian malaria parasite species, given the poor viability of merozoites from human parasites, specifically Plasmodium falciparum. In contrast, critical invasion proteins have been best described for human or mouse parasite species. Thus our understanding about the molecular and cellular coordination of the entire process of invasion is still largely unknown. Towards addressing this gap, we recently developed a method for harvesting viable P. falciparum merozoites, permitting detailed investigation of the molecular events of merozoite invasion
An intelligent system for discovering mathematical models for financial time series prediction (2002)

We describe a computer program that can be considered an intelligent system for the domain of financial time series prediction. Given a financial time series for a specific problem, the intelligent system develops mathematical models for the problem based on the geometry of the data, using different statistical methods. The computer program develops the kind of models that are more likely to give a "good" prediction, based on the knowledge of the human experts contained in the knowledge base. The intelligent system then analyzes the mathematical models obtained before to make a selection of the model that will give us the "best" prediction. This selection is done by the intelligent system using a combination of heuristics and calculations that are contained also in the knowledge base. An intelligent system that can learn models from financial data would be very useful in practice in making the job of prediction more easy and less time consuming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low power arcjet life issues (1987)

The present evaluation of the results of arcjet engine lifetime testing attempts to deepen understanding of the electrode erosion process, with a view to its minimization. Attention is given to the compatibility of materials with N2H4, the dependence of electrode erosion on geometry and flow field, and the erosive effects associated with the arcjet power supply. Results are presented for thrusters employing either decomposed N2H4 or cold mixed gases, over a power range of 900 to 2000 W.
PREPARATION OF ANTI-HUMAN THROMBOMODULIN ANTIBODIES AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR STUDY ON PLASMA THROMBOMODULIN (1987)

Thrombomodulin is an endothelial cell membrane protein that is cofactor required for rapid activation of plasma protein C. Recently, thrombomodulin was found also in plasma in normal subject. However, the information of the soluble thrombomodulin in plasma is very poor. We now report the preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal anti-human thrombomodulin and their application for study on plasma thrombomodulin. Thrombomodulin was extracted from human placenta by 0.5% of Triton X-100 and purified by DIP-thrombin column chromatography. Polyclonal anti-thrombomodulin antibody was obtained from rabbit serum. The three types of monoclonal anti-human thrombomodulin antibodies were obrained from hybrid cell of BALB/C spleen cell and SP2 mouse myeloma cell. The type 1 monoclonal antibody inhibited the thrombomodulin activity. The type 2 of the antibody did not inhibit the activity. The type 3 of antibody cross reacted with rabbit lung thrombomodulin. The IgGs of these antibodies were separated by protein A Sepharose. The plasma thrombomodulin was separated using polyclonal anti-thrombomodulin IgG Sepharose. The apparent molecular weight of plasma thrombomodulin was estimated by immunoblot analysis using monoclonal anti-thrombomodulin IgG. When run with mercaptoethanol, plasma thrombomodulin migrated mainly at Mr=85,000 against Mr=105,000 of tissue thrombomodulin. The plasma thrombomodulin had an apparent Km for 1 nM compared with 0.3nM for tissue thrombomodulin. The apparent Km for protein C was same between tissue and plasma thrombomodulin.
Abstract LB024: Cancer stem cells are enriched in human recurrent glioblastoma (2022)

Abstract A number of studies have described an essential role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in glioblastoma (GBM) progression and recurrence based on isolation by candidate markers. However, a systematic evaluation of the proposed CSC in paired human primary and recurrent glioblastoma has been lacking and whether they represent a unified cell type with conserved features over tumor evolution is unresolved. In this study, we used human patient derived xenografts (PDX) to investigate the status of these cells in patients following therapeutics and recurrence. Firstly, to ensure the fidelity of tumor heterogeneity in serially passaged orthotopic GBM PDX, we collected samples at different passages and performed whole tumor single cell RNA sequencing analysis. The results illustrate the preservation of all unsupervised transcriptional cell clusters through multiple passages. Furthermore, treatment of tumor bearing mice with temozolomide, the standard of care chemotherapeutic drug for glioblastoma patients, increased apoptosis and decreased tumor cell burden but spared CSC. We then turned to paired human primary and recurrent GBM samples to inquire cancer stem cell marker expression and cell distribution. In all three pairs of PDX studied, cancer stem cell marker F3 serves as a reliable means to isolate sphere formation cells and is augmented in the recurrent samples. Inspection of whole tumors with single cell RNA sequencing nails down the enrichment of CSC in recurrent tumors, thus emphasizing the importance to eradicate these cells in future therapeutics. Citation Format: Xuanhua Peter Xie, Mungunsarnai Ganbold, Alicia Pedraza, Luis Parada. Cancer stem cells are enriched in human recurrent glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr LB024.
Laser-guided, intersecting discharge channels for the final beam transport in heavy-ion fusion (2003)

Ion-beam transport in space charge neutralizing discharge channels has been proposed for the final focus and chamber transport in a heavy-ion fusion reactor. A driver scenario with two-sided target illumination requires a system of two intersecting discharges to transport beams of the same charge from opposite sides towards the fusion target. In this article we report on experiments on the creation of free-standing, intersecting high-current discharge channels. The discharges are initiated in ammonia gas (NH3) in a metallic chamber by two perpendicular CO2-laser beams, which resonantly heat and subsequently rarefy the gas along the laser paths before the breakdown. These low density channels guide the discharges along the predefined paths and also around the 90° angles without any mechanical guiding structures. In this way stable X-, T-, and L-shaped discharges with currents in excess of 40 kA, at pressures of a few mbar were created with a total length of 110 cm. An 11.4 A MeV Ni+1258 beam from the UNILAC (Universal Linear Accelerator) linear accelerator was used to probe the line-integrated ion-optical properties of the central channel in a T-shaped discharge.