gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Managed competition: lessons from Britain. (1999)

As phrases like "managed care backlash" become part of the lexicon in American health care policy circles, it is instructive to examine a managed competition experiment in a vastly different context. Britain's Conservative government instituted reforms in 1991 to transform the National Health Service (NHS) from a centrally administered service to managed competition between purchasers and providers. Five years later, it replaced those reforms to promote cooperation rather than competition. This Issue Brief summarizes what the NHS can learn from decades of American experience with purchasing care, and what the American health system can learn from the British experiment with an internal market in the 1990s.
Functional properties of proteolytic enzyme modified soy protein isolate (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctional properties of proteolytic enzyme modified soy protein isolateSook Y. Kim, Peter S. W. Park, and Khee C. RheeCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 3, 651–656Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00093a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00093a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1908Altmetric-Citations168LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-ray phase imaging with a grating interferometer (2005)

Using a high-efficiency grating interferometer for hard X rays (10-30 keV) and a phase-stepping technique, separate radiographs of the phase and absorption profiles of bulk samples can be obtained from a single set of measurements. Tomographic reconstruction yields quantitative three-dimensional maps of the X-ray refractive index, with a spatial resolution down to a few microns. The method is mechanically robust, requires little spatial coherence and monochromaticity, and can be scaled up to large fields of view, with a detector of correspondingly moderate spatial resolution. These are important prerequisites for use with laboratory X-ray sources.
Nonlinear Control Approach of an Electromagnetic Bearing System (2014)

This paper proposes a two-electromagnet double degrees of freedom active magnetic bearing (AMB) model. Considering the nonlinearity between the electromagnetic force and the air gap, the authors put forward a nonlinear control approach based on feedback linearization which decouples and linearizes the original system. For the linearized system, pole placement strategy is used to achieve expected steady and dynamic performances. Simulation results show that this approach can successfully implement the decoupling and linearization, and is effective of different initial values.
Hot today, gone tomorrow (2009)

While some empirical studies on Online Social Networks (OSNs) have examined the growth of these systems, little is known about the patterns of decline in user population or user activity (in terms of visiting their OSN account) in large OSNs, mainly because capturing the required information is challenging.
Compositional Processing Emerges in Neural Networks Solving Math Problems (2021)

A longstanding question in cognitive science concerns the learning mechanisms underlying compositionality in human cognition. Humans can infer the structured relationships (e.g., grammatical rules) implicit in their sensory observations (e.g., auditory speech), and use this knowledge to guide the composition of simpler meanings into complex wholes. Recent progress in artificial neural networks has shown that when large models are trained on enough linguistic data, grammatical structure emerges in their representations. We extend this work to the domain of mathematical reasoning, where it is possible to formulate precise hypotheses about how meanings (e.g., the quantities corresponding to numerals) should be composed according to structured rules (e.g., order of operations). Our work shows that neural networks are not only able to infer something about the structured relationships implicit in their training data, but can also deploy this knowledge to guide the composition of individual meanings into composite wholes.
Some Properties of Human Platelet Monoamine Oxidase in Iron-Deficiency Anaemia (1976)

1. Monoamine oxidase activity in platelets prepared from the blood of patients with iron-deficiency anaemia was significantly lowered when compared with that in platelets from normal subjects. 2. The Km values of the platelet enzyme for the substrates dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, phenylethylamine and kynuramine were similar for the platelet enzyme from iron-deficient and normal groups. 3. Heat-inactivation studies showed that the platelet monoamine oxidase from iron-deficient subjects was more labile to this treatment, when compared with the platelet enzyme from normal subjects. 4. The sensitivity of platelet monoamine oxidase to the inhibitors, clorgyline and deprenil, was increased in iron-deficiency anaemia. 5. Binding studies with the 14C-binding irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, deprenil, showed that the amount of enzyme capable of binding this inhibitor was lowered by 48% in platelets from iron-deficient patients when compared with platelets from normal subjects. 6. The results show that there is a lowered amount of active enzyme in platelets from iron-deficient subjects. It is suggested that iron is necessary either for the synthesis of monoamine oxidase apoenzyme or is a cofactor for an enzyme which attaches flavin—adenine dinucleotide covalently to the monoamine oxidase apoenzyme.
Índice clínico de gravedad en pancreatitis aguda: BISAP ("Bedside Index for Severity in Acute Pancreatitis"): Dos años de experiencia en el Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile (2012)

BISAP score was a useful method for predicting the severity of PA, with the advantage of being simple and based on parameters obtained on the first day of hospitalization. Its sensitivity and specificity were superior to APACHE II and Balthazar score in this cohort.
Abstract PR01: Novel state I structures of oncogenic KRAS4b mutants bound to GTP analog (2020)

Abstract The RAS family proteins alternate between active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. Due to the high affinity of GDP and GTP, and low intrinsic GTPase activity of RAS, switching between the two states is assisted by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). Many of the oncogenic RAS mutations result in impaired intrinsic and/or GAP-mediated GTPase function, leading to accumulation of constitutively active RAS. To understand the molecular mechanism behind the impairment, we crystallized and solved the structures of wild-type and six different KRAS4b oncogenic mutants bound to a non-hydrolysable GTP analog GMPPNP. Interestingly, we noticed variations in the conformation of the Switch I region, which contacts the nucleotide and many downstream effector proteins. In three of our mutants (G12C, G13D, Q61L), Switch I adopts an open conformation known as state I, which, similar to the GDP-bound state, does not contact the nucleotide and represents an inactive state of the RAS protein. Importantly, our state I structures revealed a new pocket created by the open Switch I loop that could be targeted in drug discovery. To screen for compounds that bind to this new Switch I pocket or other places of the protein, we started a fragment-screening campaign by X-ray crystallography using the KRAS4b-G13D-GMPPNP crystals. These crystals consistently diffracted to very high (~1.2 Å) resolutions, can be reproduced easily, are tolerant to DMSO soaking, and their putative fragment-binding pockets are unobstructed by lattice contacts, making them ideal for fragment-screening. This abstract is also being presented as Poster A01. Citation Format: Albert H. Chan, Timothy H. Tran, Srisathiyanarayanan Dharmaiah, Dwight V. Nissley, Dhirendra K. Simanshu. Novel state I structures of oncogenic KRAS4b mutants bound to GTP analog [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr PR01.
Analysis of Ancient Slag Inclusion-Metal Systems as a Method to Disclose Processing Thermo-chemical Parameters: The Case Study of a Medieval Lombard Steel Bar from Northern Italy (2023)

Abstract An archaeometallurgical characterization of a VI to VII century Lombard steel bar from Ponte di Val Gabbia I site (northern Italy) was performed to reconstruct its manufacturing process and extract processing thermochemical parameters ( i.e. , temperature and oxygen chemical potential) from the slag inclusion-metal systems. Metallographic observations by optical microscopy and Vickers microhardness measurements indicated that the steel bar was forged from a heterogeneous steel lump, most probably an iron bloom, which was cooled in the air after the forging process. The chemical composition of non-metallic inclusions was determined by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. A multivariate statistical analysis of the smelting-derived non-metallic inclusions chemistry allowed to conclude that the steel bar was obtained by the direct or bloomery method. Under the hypothesis of local near-equilibrium conditions for the slag inclusion-metal systems, a thermodynamic-based strategy was adopted to estimate the firing conditions in the bloomery furnace in terms of both temperature and oxygen chemical potential of the reducing gas atmosphere. In particular, the computed temperatures are in the range of 1003 °C to 1171 °C, whereas the values of oxygen chemical potential vary between − 447.47 and − 385.79 kJ/mol.
Tritium labeling of antisense oligonucleotides via different conjugation agents (2021)

Abstract A novel approach to tritium-labeled antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) was established by conjugating N -succinimidyl propionate, as well as maleimide-derivatives, to the 3′-end of ASOs targeting metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (Malat1) containing amino- or sulfhydryl-linkers. In vitro stability and Malat1 RNA reduction studies demonstrated that N -ethylmaleimide (NEM) could be used as a stable tag while maintaining the desired target interaction. The corresponding radioactive label conjugation using [ 3 H]-NEM resulted in tritium-labeled ASOs with a high molar specific activity of up to 17 Ci/mmol. Single-dose in vivo studies in mice were carried out to compare [ 3 H]-ASOs with their unlabeled counterpart ASOs, with and without conjugation to N -acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), for tissue and plasma concentrations time profiles. Despite the structural modification of the labeled ASOs, in vitro target interaction and in vivo pharmacokinetic behaviors were similar to that of the unlabeled ASOs. In conclusion, this new method provides a powerful technique for fast and safe access to tritium-labeled oligonucleotides, e.g., for pharmacokinetic, mass balance, or autoradiography studies. Graphical abstract
Etude du TOS actif dans les réseaux d’antennes – application à une antenne à formateur de faisceaux réduit (2019)

International audience
Rheology printing for metal-oxide patterns and devices (2013)

Technologies of device printing have been widely explored, but existing printing techniques still cannot produce well-defined patterns required by fine electronic devices. Here, a new printing method is proposed and the printing of metal-oxide patterns with well-defined shapes was demonstrated. Excellent thin-film transistors with channel lengths around 500 nm were completely printed by this method in an air atmosphere. This printing utilizes a viscoelastic transformation of the precursor gel when imprinted; it softens at a certain temperature during thermal-imprinting so that the gel can be rheologically imprinted. The imprinted pattern shows very small shrinkage during post-annealing, thereby achieving a high shape fidelity to the mould; this results from metal-oxide condensation at imprinting. The viscoelastic transformation and metal-oxide condensation at imprinting constitute the basis for this printing method, which is closely related to the cluster structure in the precursor gel. This method has worked for patterns down to several tens of nanometers.
Comparison of IEEE 802.11e and IEEE 802.15.3 MAC (2004)

IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15.3 target at designing PHY and MAC specifications for wireless local area network (WLAN) and wireless personal area network (WPAN), respectively. They adopt different philosophies for MAC design, namely CSMA/CA in 802.11 and TDMA in 802.15.3. An interesting problem is the performance of each MAC working on the same physical layer, e.g., ultra wideband (UWB). This problem has gained much attention in industry standard meetings recently. In this paper, we compare the performance of two access methods defined in IEEE 802.11e (hybrid coordination function (HCF)) and IEEE 802.15.3 (TDMA) under the same UWB physical layer in terms of the throughput and power management. The results show that the newly added mechanisms of 802.11e, such as transmission opportunity (TXOP) and Block Ack, improve its throughput greatly, making it comparable to that of 802.15.3. In addition, 802.15.3 MAC has easier power management by utilizing its TDMA access method.
Anticonvulsant Drugs. II. Some Acylureas1 (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnticonvulsant Drugs. II. Some Acylureas1M. A. Spielman, A. O. Geiszler, and W. J. CloseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 12, 4189–4191Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01192a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01192a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Reaction of Anthracycline Antitumor Drugs with Reduced Glutathione. Formation of Aglycon Conjugates (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Anthracycline Antitumor Drugs with Reduced Glutathione. Formation of Aglycon ConjugatesGiorgio Gaudiano, Katheryn Resing, and Tad H. KochCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 15, 6537–6544Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00094a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00094a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views221Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Mikrostrukturierte Pflanzenblätter : Effiziente, natürliche Ölabsorber und Inspiration für künstliche ölabsorbierende Materialien (2017)

Rohol stellt heutzutage eine wichtige Ressource dar, beispielsweise als Energiequelle oder als Rohmaterial fur eine grose Bandbreite von Produkten. So betragt der derzeitige weltweite Bedarf an Ol ungefahr 94 Millionen Barrel pro Tag [1], wobei wahrend der gesamten Wertschopfungskette, ebenso wie durch
Unfalle oder industrielle Abwasser, immer wieder grose Mengen Ol in die Umwelt gelangen, wo sie massive Schaden verursachen. Zu den konventionellen Methoden zur Bekampfung einer Olpest zahlen die chemische Dispergierung und die kontrollierte
Verbrennung des Ols. Beide Methoden bewirken jedoch in erster Linie nur eine Verlagerung der Problematik, da durch sie neue Umweltgefahren entstehen. Als Mittel der Wahl gilt deshalb das fruhzeitige Abschopfen des an der Wasseroberflache
schwimmenden Ols, was aber nachgelagerte, aufwandige und teure
Trennverfahren erforderlich macht, da Olabsorber haufig neben dem Ol auch grose Mengen Wasser aufnehmen. Um diese Problematik zu umgehen, sind Materialien mit speziellen Benetzungseigenschaften erforderlich, die moglichst grose Mengen
Ol absorbieren (superoleophil sind), Wasser jedoch abweisen (superhydrophob).
Desulfovibrio diazotrophica sp. nov., a sulphate reducing bacterium from the human gut capable of nitrogen fixation (2020)

Abstract Sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are widespread in human guts, yet their expansion has been linked to colonic diseases. We report the isolation, genome sequencing, and physiological characterisation of a novel SRB species belonging to the class Deltaproteobacteria (QI0027 T ). Phylogenomic analysis revealed that the QI0027 T strain belongs to the genus Desulfovibrio with its closest relative being Desulfovibrio legallii . Metagenomic sequencing of stool samples from 45 individuals, as well as comparison with 1690 Desulfovibrionaceae metagenome-assembled genomes, revealed the presence of QI0027 T in at least 22 further individuals. QI0027 T encoded nitrogen fixation genes and based on the acetylene reduction assay, actively fixed nitrogen. Transcriptomics revealed that QI0027 T overexpressed 45 genes in nitrogen limiting conditions as compared to cultures supplemented with ammonia, including nitrogenases, an urea uptake system and the urease enzyme complex. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first Desulfovibrio human isolate for which nitrogen fixation has been demonstrated. This isolate was named Desulfovibrio diazotrophica sp. nov., referring to its ability to fix nitrogen (‘diazotroph’). Importance Animals are often nitrogen limited and have evolved diverse strategies to capture biologically active nitrogen. These strategies range from amino acid transporters to stable associations with beneficial microbes that can provide fixed nitrogen. Although frequently thought as a nutrient-rich environment, nitrogen fixation can occur in the human gut of some populations, but so far it has been attributed mainly to Clostridia and Klebsiella based on sequencing. We have cultivated a novel Desulfovibrio from human gut origin which encoded, expressed and actively used nitrogen fixation genes, suggesting that some sulphate reducing bacteria could also play a role in the availability of nitrogen in the gut.
Convex separable problems with linear and box constraints (2014)

In this work, we focus on separable convex optimization problems with linear and box constraints and compute the solution in closed-form as a function of some Lagrange multipliers that can be easily computed in a finite number of iterations. This allows us to bridge the gap between a wide family of power allocation problems of practical interest in signal processing and communications and their efficient implementation in practice.
Gas chromatographic separation of some optical isomers on optically active copper complexes (1980)

Some enantiomers of hydroxyl acid esters, amino acid esters, and amino alcohols have been resolved by gas chromatography on optically active copper complexes of Schiff's bases with good separation factors. For example, DL-lactic acid isopropyl ester was resolved (α=1.16) on a 40m×0. 25mm i. d. open tubular glass capillary column coated with the binuclear copper complex of N-salicyliden-(R)-2-amino-1, 1-bis-(5-tert-butyl-2-octyloxyphenyl)-1-propanol (50 w/w% insilicone OV-101) within 10min at 70°C. The Disomer eluted prior to the L-isomer. These copper complexes which are a valuable catalyzer for the asymmetric synthesis have enabled the direct resolution of lactic acid enantiomers in their ester forms.
Web-Based Self-Paced Virtual Prototyping Tutorials (2003)

By permitting designers to realistically, accurately and quantitatively prototype and test multiple intermediate models within virtual environment, Virtual Prototyping (VP), also known as Simulation-Based Design (SBD), has rapidly gained popularity and become a crucial part of most engineering design processes. While there is a significant demand from industry for students trained in this methodology, currently there is not much room in engineering curriculum to permit widespread adoption in the lecture-based classroom. In this paper, we describe the rationale and the stages in the development of a series of web-based and self-paced VP tutorials targeted at students of a course in machine and mechanism design. These undergraduate seniors are permitted to: (1) interactively explore the process of creating engineering analysis models in integrated VP environment; (2) develop skills for interactive SBD of models; and (3) develop their engineering judgment by interactive exploration of a spectrum of examples. The outcome of a phased introduction of these exercises and our experience based on the first successful course offering are also discussed.