gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward A Soft Robotic Ankle-Foot Orthosis (SR-AFO) Exosuit for Human Locomotion: Preliminary Results in Late Stance Plantarflexion Assistance (2020)

This paper presents the design of a soft robotic ankle-foot orthosis (SR-AFO) exosuit to aid in plantarflexion for gait rehabilitation in individuals who suffer from irregular gaits due to stroke or other injuries. The SR-AFO exosuit is a sock-like garment fabricated from compliant fabrics. The SR-AFO exosuit aids in late stance of the walking gait in plantarflexion by contracting the actuator to pull the posterior end of the foot upward. This helps to reduce the muscle effort of the user during plantarflexion. The addition of a second actuator shows a 45.3% increase to 13.51 ± 0.31 kg payload capacity. The actuators are oriented at an optimal angle of 5° to produce the highest pulling force. Three healthy participants are evaluated during walking trials with and without SR-AFO exosuit assistance while ankle angle and muscle activity are monitored. The gastrocnemius (GA) and soleus (SOL) muscle activity during late stance is reduced by 13.4% and 16.6% respectively. Tibialis anterior (TA) increases slightly during swing most likely due to the hysteresis in the system deflating during that window. The ankle range of motion remains within natural walking limitations and plantarflexion angle increases when the SR-AFO exosuit is active.
Visual priming of inverted and rotated objects. (2009)

Object images are identified more efficiently after prior exposure. Here, the authors investigated shape representations supporting object priming. The dependent measure in all experiments was the minimum exposure duration required to correctly identify an object image in a rapid serial visual presentation stream. Priming was defined as the change in minimum exposure duration for identification as a function of prior exposure to an object. Experiment 1 demonstrated that this dependent measure yielded an estimate of predominantly visual priming (i.e., free of name and concept priming). Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that although identification [corrected] was sensitive to orientation, visual priming was relatively invariant with image inversion (i.e., an image visually primed its inverted counterpart approximately as much as it primed itself). Experiment 4 demonstrated a similar dissociation with images rotated 90 degrees off the upright. In all experiments, the difference in the magnitude of priming for identical or rotated-inverted priming conditions was marginal or nonexistent. These results suggest that visual representations that support priming can be relatively insensitive to picture-plane manipulations, although these manipulations have a substantial effect on object identification.
Epidermal stem cell dynamics (2011)

Wong and Reiter have explored the possibility that hair follicle stem cells can give rise to basal cell carcinoma (BCC). They expressed in mice an inducible human BCC-derived oncogenic allele of Smoothened, SmoM2, under the control of either the cytokeratin 14 (K14) or cytokeratin 15 (K15) promoter. Smoothened encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor protein in the hedgehog pathway, the misregulation of which is implicated in BCC and other human cancers. Chronic injury is thought to be a contributing factor. The authors used K14 as a marker for stem cells in the basal layer of the epidermis and K15 as a marker for epidermal stem cells in the bulge of hair follicles. Upon activation, K14 construct-bearing mice readily formed BCC-like tumours, whereas this was not the case in K15:SmoM2-carrying mice. Upon wounding the epidermis, however, there was widespread BCC-like tumour formation in the skin of K15:SmoM2 mice. The authors conclude that wounding recruited bulge epidermal stem cells to the surface, allowing the cells to escape quiescence in the stem cell niche and to arrive in an environment where the hedgehog pathway becomes activated and therefore tumorigenesis is elicited. While this is a provocative result and the authors' conclusion may well be correct, there are alternative explanations.
Structural Changes and Protein Expression in the Mastoid Bone Adjacent to Cholesteatoma (2000)

These findings demonstrate for the first time the changes in the noncollagenous protein content in the mastoid bone affected directly by cholesteatoma These changes could be a result of a direct influence of cholesteatoma-derived products on the osteoblast.
Characterization of delaminations by lock-in vibrothermography (2010)

Vibrothermography has proven to be a useful technique for the detection of buried defects, which reveal themselves as heat sources when mechanically excited with ultrasounds. In this work we present a method to evaluate the depth of delaminations in opaque samples, from lock-in vibrothermography measurements. It is theoretically demonstrated that the phase and the natural logarithm of the surface temperature above the delamination behaves linearly as a function of the square root frequency. The slope of this linear relation is directly proportional to the delamination depth. Measurements performed on composite plates with calibrated delaminations confirm the validity of the method, provided the width of the delamination is higher than the thermal diffusion length.
Use of Four Biomarkers to Evaluate the Risk of Breast Cancer Subtypes in the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study (2010)

Epidemiologic studies suggest that some hormone-related risk factors in breast cancer differentially influence risk for disease subtypes classified by the status of the estrogen and progesterone receptors (ER/PR). However, it remains unclear whether human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) or p53 expression status further differentiates these exposure-risk group associations. We evaluated the associations of oral contraceptive (OC) use and reproductive factors with incident invasive breast cancer subtypes among 1,197 population-based cases and 2,015 controls from the Los Angeles County or Detroit components of the Women's Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study. Case-control comparisons by ER/PR/HER2/p53 status were conducted by multivariable polychotomous unconditional logistic regression methods. We found that OC use was not associated with any breast cancer subtype as defined by ER/PR/HER2/p53 status, except for a 2.9-fold increased risk of so-called triple-negative tumors (ER(-)/PR(-)/HER2(-)) among women of 45 to 64 years of age who started OC use before age 18. Parity was associated with a decreased risk of luminal A (ER(+) or PR(+), HER2(-)), luminal B (ER(+) or PR(+)/HER2(+)), and ER(-)/PR(-)/HER2(+) tumors. Age at first full-term pregnancy was positively associated with luminal A tumors among older women. Neither of these reproductive factors was associated with triple-negative tumors. Long duration of breast-feeding lowered the risk of triple-negative and luminal A tumors. p53 status did not define further differential risk patterns. Our findings offer evidence of differences in the hormone-related risk factors between triple-negative cancers and other ER/PR/HER2-defined subtypes of breast cancer.
FLNA-Associated XLID (2011)

Abstract This chapter provides pictures and clinical details of FLNA-ASSOCIATED XLID
CARD: Context-Aware Resource Discovery for mobile Internet of Things scenarios (2014)

The occurrence of short but recurrent opportunistic contacts between static infrastructure and mobile devices largely characterizes recent Internet of Things (IoT) applications for Smart Cities and Smart Buildings scenarios. In order to efficiently exploit such existing communication opportunities to access services, share and collect data, IoT applications cannot rely on standard discovery mechanisms that periodically probe the environment to discover resources. Discovery protocols resilient to different contact opportunities and able to optimize energy consumption when device contacts are not present are therefore required in order to avoid waste of energy especially in battery operated user devices. Additionally, such new discovery protocols need to optimize the time available for communication operations, while being able to adjust to application requirements, and balance energy consumption with respect to latency for contacts discovery. To this aim, we introduce CARD, a Context Aware Resource Discovery framework that leveraging Q-Learning techniques extends the functionalities of asynchronous neighbor discovery protocols, while being capable to reduce energy wastage and discovery latency. Simulation results show that CARD performs better than existing approaches and is resilient to a variety of real scenarios characterizing Smart Cities and Smart Building deployments.
Comprehensive Analysis of Dynamic Message Sign Impact on Driver Behavior: A Random Forest Approach (2020)

This study investigates the potential effect(s) of different dynamic message signs (DMSs) on driver behavior using a full-scale high-fidelity driving simulator. Different DMSs are categorized by their content, structure, and type of messages. A random forest algorithm is used for three separate behavioral analyses&amp;mdash;a route diversion analysis, a route choice analysis, and a compliance analysis&amp;mdash;to identify the potential and relative influences of different DMSs on these aspects of driver behavior. A total of 390 simulation runs are conducted using a sample of 65 participants from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Results obtained suggest that DMSs displaying lane closure and delay information with advisory messages are most influential with regards to diversion, while color-coded DMSs and DMSs with avoid route advice are the top contributors potentially impacting route choice decisions and DMS compliance. In this first-of-a-kind study, based on the responses to the pre- and post-simulation surveys as well as results obtained from the analysis of driving-simulation-session data, the authors found that color-coded DMSs are more effective than alphanumeric DMSs, especially in scenarios that demand high compliance from drivers. The increased effectiveness may be attributed to reduced comprehension time and ease with which such DMSs are understood by a greater percentage of road users.
The hyperfine fields at Mn in ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 (1965)

By combining zero-field nuclear magnetic resonance techniques with specific heat measurements below 1 °K, the effective nuclear fields at the two Mn sites in ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 have been uniquely determined as 195 kOe at the 4(d) site with a well-resolved quadrupole structure, and 399 kOe at the 6(g) site with a broad unresolved quadrupole structure.
Differential regional perfusion of the human anterior cruciate ligament: quantitative magnetic resonance imaging assessment (2022)

Using quantitative-MRI, in situ adult ACL demonstrated greatest relative perfusion to the proximal third, nearly 2 times greater than the middle third and 3 times greater than the distal third. Knowledge of differential ACL vascular supply is important for understanding pathogenesis of ACL injury and the process of biological healing following various forms of surgical treatment.
Polarized Emission of [Ru(bpy)₃](PF₆)₂ Single Crystals (1983)

Polarized emission spectra of single-crystal [Ru(bpy)₃](PF₆)₂ are reported for the first time. The spectra are recorded in the temperature range from T = 243 to 343 K. A new E parallel c-polarized emission band is found, situated 650 cm⁻¹ ± 20 % above the main emission peak maximum. The corresponding emitting state is assigned to A₂' (in D₃'). The E perpendicular c-polarized emission results from one or more E' states and is by a factor of about 20 more intense than the E parallel c-polarized emission.
Approximate set-valued observers for nonlinear systems (1997)

A set-valued observer (SVO) produces a set of possible states based on output measurements and a priori models of exogenous disturbances and noises. Previous work considered linear time-varying systems and unknown-but-bounded exogenous signals. In this case, the sets of possible state vectors take the form of polytopes whose centers are optimal state estimates. These polytopic sets can be computed by solving several small linear programs. An SVO can be constructed conceptually for nonlinear systems; however, the set of possible state vectors no longer takes the form of polytopes, which in turn inhibits their explicit computation. This paper considers an "extended SVO". As in the extended Kalman filter, the state equations are linearized about the state estimate, and a linear SVO is designed along the linearization trajectory. Under appropriate observability assumptions, it is shown that the extended SVO provides an exponentially convergent state estimate in the case of sufficiently small initial condition uncertainty and provides a nondivergent state estimate in the case of sufficiently small exogenous signals.
An evaluation of methods for detecting brain activations from PET or fMRI images (2003)

Brain activation studies based on PET or fMRI seek to explore neuroscience questions by using statistical techniques to analyze the acquired images, Currently, the predominant viewpoint toward quantifying the detection performance of these statistical methods is to model their output using random field theory, then to ascribe statistical significance (false-positive probability) based on the model. In this paper, we pursue instead an empirical strategy, based on receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis, as a first step toward a more-complete evaluation of the performance of brain-activation detection methods, including the power (true-positive probability) of various tests, Using a phantom model derived from parameters measured from PET neuroimaging studies, we compare three methods for detecting brain activation. We consider one method based on pixel-by-pixel image comparisons (the t-test) and two methods based on pixel covariances (correlation thresholding and singular value decomposition thresholding). The simple geometry of our phantom model allows us to construct an optimal detector, the generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), for comparison with the simpler detection procedures. In this study the methods based on pixel covariances were found to perform better than the more widely used t-test. Among the covariance-based methods, none was found to be uniformly superior to the others. The performance of the GLRT served as an upper bound against which to compare the other methods. Our results suggest that correlation-based detectors are a promising direction for further investigation.
Glycine-Catalyzed Efficient Synthesis of Pyranopyrazoles via One-Pot Multicomponent Reaction (2010)

A facile and convenient protocol is developed for the fast (5–20 min) and high-yielding (85–95%) synthesis of fused pyranopyrazoles from ethyl acetoacetate, hydrazine hydrate, an aldehyde, and malononitrile in the presence of nontoxic, simple, and readily available organocatalyst glycine in aqueous medium at 25 °C.
Gegendarstellung: In der Kürze die Würze? Nicht immer! (2014)

Ob eine Gegendarstellung (auch) dem Knappheitsgebot entspricht, ist eine Rechtsfrage. Einer plakativ und überspitzt formulierten Ankündigung des Inhalts eines folgenden Artikels kommt eigener publizistischer Wert zu. Setzt der Medieninhaber dieses Mittel gezielt ein, um auch das Interesse des nur flüchtigen Lesers zu erwecken, so ist es dem Gegendarstellungswerber mit Blick auf den diesen Bestimmungen zugrundeliegenden Gedanken der publizistischen Wiedergutmachung (§ 13 Abs 3 erster Satz MedienG) durchaus gestattet, unbeschadet der damit verbundenen Wiederholung des wesentlichen Inhalts der Primärmitteilung diese Textpassagen ebenfalls in seine Gegendarstellung aufzunehmen, um seinerseits den Leser auf den folgenden aufmerksam zu machen. Das Knappheitsgebot ist nicht kleinlich auszulegen. Insbesondere ist dem Darstellungswerber nicht abzuverlangen, die kürzest mögliche Form zu wählen; erst unnötige Ausdehnungen und Wiederholungen im Sinn einer exzessiven und schikanösen Ausübung des Gegendarstellungsrechts verletzen das Knappheitsgebot. Wird das betreffende Medium als Beilage zu einem anderen Medium vertrieben, indem es in dieses eingelegt wird, so ist dem Gegendarstellungswerber – unbeschadet des Knappheitsgebots – zuzubilligen, im Text der Gegendarstellung nicht nur die Nummer des betreffenden Mediums einschließlich des Erscheinungsdatums anzuführen, sondern auch jene des „Trägermediums“. Auch insofern vollzieht der Gegendarstellungswerber nämlich bloß den Modus des Medieninhabers nach. Leitsätze von Thomas Höhne
Inhibition of Lactogenic Activities of Ovine Prolactin and Human Growth Hormone (hGH) by a Novel Form of a Modified Recombinant hGH* (1986)

A recombinant analog of human GH (hGH) lacking 13 amino acids at the amino-terminus (Met14hGH) inhibited the hGH- or ovine PRL (oPRL)-stimulated proliferation of Nb2 lymphoma cells and bovine PRL-stimulated fat synthesis and alpha-lactalbumin secretion in explants from bovine lactating mammary gland. The inhibition was competitive in nature, and in Nb2 cells could be abolished by an excess of hGH or oPRL. Inhibition of oPRL-stimulated proliferation of Nb2 cells by Met14hGH could also be specifically abolished by anti-hGH monoclonal antibodies. Met14hGH had no growth-stimulating activity in Nb2 cells and was not cytotoxic. It also did not affect glucose uptake by the mammary gland explants. Met14hGH competed with [125I]hGH for binding to intact Nb2 cells, IM-9 lymphocytes, solubilized microsomal fraction from lactating bovine mammary gland, and microsomal fraction from the liver of female virgin rats, but its affinity for those receptors was 2 orders of magnitude lower than the affinity of hGH. Since Met14hGH used in most experiments contained about 25% impurities and degradation products, a small amount of it was further purified by immunoaffinity chromatography. Two purified fractions, one consisting of a single 20K protein and the other accompanied by a small amount of 25K protein, were obtained. Both fractions exhibited increased inhibition of hGH- or oPRL-stimulated proliferation of Nb2 cells, thus indicating that the inhibitory activity results from the intact Met14hGH molecule. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the inhibition of lactogenic hormone activities by a modified hGH.
Rolling bearing fault identification using multilayer deep learning convolutional neural network (2017)

The vibration signal of rolling bearing is usually complex and the useful fault information is hidden in the background noise, therefore, it is a challenge to identify rolling bearing faults from the complex vibration environment. In this paper, a novel multilayer deep learning convolutional neural network (CNN) method to identify rollings bearing fault is proposed. Firstly, in order to avoid the influence of different characteristics of the input data on the identification accuracy, a normalization preprocessing method is applied to preprocess the vibration signals of rolling bearings. Secondly, a multilayer CNN based on deep learning is designed in this paper to improve the fault identification accuracy of rolling bearing. Simulation data and experimental data analysis results show that the proposed method has better performance than SVM method and ANN method without any manual feature extractor design.
Structural Insights of Stereospecific Inhibition of Human Acetylcholinesterase by VX and Subsequent Reactivation by HI-6 (2018)

Over 50 years ago, the toxicity of irreversible organophosphate inhibitors targeting human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) was observed to be stereospecific. The therapeutic reversal of hAChE inhibition by reactivators has also been shown to depend on the stereochemistry of the inhibitor. To gain clarity on the mechanism of stereospecific inhibition, the X-ray crystallographic structures of hAChE inhibited by a racemic mixture of VX (PR/S) and its enantiomers were obtained. Beyond identifying hAChE structural features that lend themselves to stereospecific inhibition, structures of the reactivator HI-6 bound to hAChE inhibited by VX enantiomers of varying toxicity, or in its uninhibited state, were obtained. Comparison of hAChE in these pre-reactivation and post-reactivation states along with enzymatic data reveals the potential influence of unproductive reactivator poses on the efficacy of these types of therapeutics. The recognition of structural features related to hAChE's stereospecificity toward VX shed light on the molecular influences of toxicity and their effect on reactivators. In addition to providing a better understanding of the innate issues with current reactivators, an avenue for improvement of reactivators is envisioned.
Airway management changes associated with rising radiologic incidence of external laryngotracheal injury (2018)

Management of ELTIs shifted from predominantly conservative airway monitoring to endotracheal tube intubation over the study period in spite of no clinically significant change in injury severity or operative intervention frequency. The location of endotracheal tube placement suggests less comfort with ELTI among first-responder and emergency personnel.
Physicochemical and structural investigations of Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and AlN powder mixture product using plasma treatment (2023)

The paper presents research results of the β-SiAlON production from aluminum, silicon and urea nitrides using high-enthalpy thermal plasma flow. Physicochemical properties of β-SiAlON are studied by using the X-ray phase analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and differential thermal analysis. It is shown that at the spicified plasma jet parameters, a thermochemical reaction occurs with the formation of β-Si 5 AlON 7 . Three zones of the structure formation caused by the temperature gradient in the bulk material as a result of the plasma exposure, are identified and studied. The first zone is directly irradiated by the plasma. The second is the transition zone, which locates between the first and third zones. The third is the thermal heating zone provided by the heat transfer from the irradiated zone.
Synthesis, structures and properties of platinum(II) complexes of oligoacetylenic sulfides (2000)

A series of novel platinum(II) acetylide complexes incorporating sulfur-linked oligoalkynes have been prepared. The CuI-catalysed dehydrohalogenation reactions of the mono-protected dialkyne ligand HCCSCC(TIPS) (TIPS = Pri3Si) with trans-[Pt(PBu3)2Cl2], cis-[Pt(dppe)Cl2] or cis-[Pt(Me2bipy)Cl2] (Me2bipy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine), in the presence of a base, readily produced trans-[Pt(PBu3)2{CCSCC(TIPS)}2] 1, cis-[Pt(dppe){CCSCC(TIPS)}2] 3 and cis-[Pt(Me2bipy){CCSCC(TIPS)}2] 7, respectively, in good yields. Similar synthetic procedures using a diacetylenic sulfide species HCCSCCCCSCC(TIPS) afforded trans-[Pt(PBu3)2{CCSCCCCSCC(TIPS)}2] 2 and cis-[Pt(dppe){CCSCCCCSCC(TIPS)}2] 4, both of which contain eight triple-bond units within the molecular entity. Two new metallo-end-capped derivatives trans-[Ph(Et3P)2Pt–CCSCC–Pt(PEt3)2Ph] 5 and trans-[Ph(Et3P)2Pt–CCSCCCCSCC–Pt(PEt3)2Ph] 6 were also synthesized in moderate yields by reactions of two equivalents of trans-[PtPh(Cl)(PEt3)2] and the diterminal acetylenic sulfides HCCSCCH and HCCSCCCCSCCH in a CuI/(Me3Si)2NH system. All of the compounds 1–7 have been characterized by IR, NMR (1H, 13C and 31P) and UV/VIS spectroscopies, luminescence measurements and mass spectrometry. The solid-state molecular structures of 5 and 7 have been established by X-ray crystallography.