gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Guide to Aggregate House Price Measures (2007)

In recent years, the United States, like many other industrialized nations, has experienced wide swings in the growth rate of housing prices. To understand the behavior of housing prices and their influence on the economy, it is crucial to have an accurate measure of aggregate housing prices. In practice, however, it is difficult to develop such a measure. Analysts rely on three approaches to measure the aggregate price of housing. The first methodology simply averages all observed prices. The second looks at repeat sales of the same property. The third treats a house as a bundle of attributes, each with its own price that changes over time. ; Rappaport provides an overview of the three methodologies for pricing housing and a detailed guide to the major house price indexes used by housing analysts. The analysis suggests there is no one ?best? measure of housing prices. Each of the three methodologies has conceptual advantages and disadvantages, and the empirical house price indexes have practical advantages and disadvantages as well. Which is best depends on the question being addressed.
Pulsatile cerebral paraarterial flow by peristalsis, pressure and directional resistance (2023)

These results suggest that peristalsis drives the oscillatory flow in the subarachnoid paraarterial space, but is incapable of driving the mean flow. The effect of directional flow resistors is insufficient to produce a match, but a small longitudinal pressure gradient is capable of creating the mean flow. Additional experiments are needed to confirm whether the outer wall also moves, as well as to validate the pressure gradient.
Carboxyl-Functionalized Carbon Dots as Competent Visible Light Photocatalysts for Aerobic Oxygenation of Alkyl Benzenes: Role of Surface Functionality (2018)

Carbonaceous nanolights, carbon dots (CDs), are attractive alternatives to semiconducting quantum dots owing to their tunable optoelectronic properties, photostability, biocompatibility, water solubility, etc. Although carbon dot composites with metal or metal oxides have been used as visible light photocatalysts for various organic transformations, the role of surface functionality of unsupported CDs on their photocatalytic activity has not been explored. Reported herein, the efficient activity of carboxyl-functionalized CDs as visible light photocatalysts for the C–H oxygenation of alkyl benzene in the presence of tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as an external oxidant. Excellent photoinduced electron transfer properties of CDs coupled with photodecomposition of TBHP resulted in C–H bond oxidation with high activity, selectivity, and recyclability under mild reaction conditions. A comparative evaluation suggested the role of surface traps in charge separation and transport efficiency that could account for the high efficiency of the CDs in the oxidation reactions.
A 3D virtual environment for creating new fireworks (1996)

There are many obstacles to prevent the timely development of competitive new products. Virtual Reality(VR) is a potential technology to improve this situation significantly. A synthetic 3D virtual environment(VE) can be organized to enable both developers and customers to collaborate on the designing, prototyping, testing, evaluation, and production of new products. The introduction of the VE reduces time and cost required for development, enabling manufacturers to evaluate new products from the customer's viewpoint and get quick feedback from customers.
A General Enzymatic Method for the Synthesis of Natural and “Unnatural” UDP- and TDP-Nucleotide Sugars (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA General Enzymatic Method for the Synthesis of Natural and "Unnatural" UDP- and TDP-Nucleotide SugarsJiqing Jiang, John B. Biggins, and Jon S. ThorsonView Author Information Laboratory for Biosynthetic Chemistry Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and the Sloan-Kettering Division Joan and Sanford I. Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cornell University 1275 York Avenue, Box 309, New York, New York 10021 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 28, 6803–6804Publication Date (Web):June 30, 2000Publication History Received26 April 2000Published online30 June 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja001444yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja001444yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2214Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbohydrates,Free radicals,Monomers,Phosphates,Post-translational modification Get e-Alerts
Anomeric O‐alkylation, 11. Anomeric O‐Alkylation of O‐Unprotected Hexoses and Pentoses – Convenient Synthesis of Decyl, Benzyl, and Allyl Glycosides (1993)

Abstract The base‐promoted reaction of O ‐unprotected aldoses 1 – 6 with didecyl sulfate in DMPU affords decyl glycosides 1aα – 6aα and 1aβ , 3aβ – 6aβ in good overall yields. Similarly, the treatment of O ‐unprotected hexoses 1 – 4 and pentoses 5 and 6 with benzyl bromide and allyl bromide yields after subsequent O ‐acetylation monosaccharides 1cα – 6cα , 1cβ , 3cβ – 6cβ and 1dα – 6dα , 1dβ , 3dβ – 6dβ , respectively. The regio‐ and stereoselectivity in these reactions was determined by 1 H‐NMR spectroscopic data of the O ‐acetylated derivatives.
Putidaredoxin Reductase, a New Function for an Old Protein (2002)

Properties of recombinant wild type (WT) and six-histidine tag-fused (His(6)) putidaredoxin reductase (Pdr), a FAD-containing component of the soluble cytochrome P450cam monooxygenase system from Pseudomonas putida, have been studied. Both WT and His(6) Pdr were found to undergo a monomer-dimer association-dissociation and were partially present as an NAD(+)-bound form. Although molecular, spectral, and electron transferring properties of recombinant His(6) Pdr to artificial and native electron acceptors were similar to those of the WT protein, the presence of eight additional C-terminal amino acid residues, Pro-Arg-His-His-His-His-His-His, had a crucial effect on the enzyme interaction with oxidized pyridine nucleotide. Under anaerobic conditions, NAD(+) induced in His(6) Pdr spectral changes indicative of flavin reduction and formation of the charge transfer complex between the reduced FAD and NAD(+). The reaction proceeded considerably faster in the presence of free histidine and thiol-reducing agents, such as dithiothreitol and reduced glutathione. In the presence of any of these three reagents, NAD(+) was capable of inducing reduction of the flavin in WT Pdr. Free thiol groups were identified as an internal source of electrons in the enzyme. The results showed that WT and His(6) Pdr were able to function as NAD(H)-dependent dithiol/disulfide oxidoreductases catalyzing both forward and reverse reactions, NAD(+)-dependent oxidation of thiols, and NADH-dependent reduction of disulfides. This function of the flavoprotein can be dissociated from electron transfer to putidaredoxin. Similarity of Pdr to the enzymes of the glutathione reductase family is discussed.
ORTHOGONAL SHUFFLE ON TRAJECTORIES (2011)

A language L is called the orthogonal shuffle of the language L 1 with the language L 2 , along the trajectory set T if every word in L is uniquely obtained as the shuffle between a word in L 1 , a word in L 2 along a trajectory word in T. In this paper we investigate properties of the orthogonal shuffle on trajectories, as well as several types of language equations using this language operation. As a corollary, we obtain several properties of orthogonal catenation, orthogonal literal shuffle and orthogonal insertion.
Prevalence of Schizophrenia in Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (2018)

SCZ seems to occur 3 times more frequently among iNPH patients compared to the general aged population in Finland. The outcome of the treatment was not affected by comorbid SCZ and therefore iNPH patients suffering from comorbid SCZ should not be left untreated. These results merit validation in other populations. In addition, further research towards the potential connection between these chronic conditions is warranted.
Measurement of Hemodynamic and Anatomic Parameters in a Swine Arteriovenous Fistula Model (2008)

The described methodologies will allow the calculation and optimization of WSS profiles in animal models. This information could then be translated to the clinical setting where it would have a positive impact on improving the early maturation rates of AVFs as well as reducing the late venous stenoses.
A hierarchical genetic algorithm for the design of beta basis function neural network (2003)

We propose an evolutionary neural network-training algorithm for beta basis function neural networks (BBFNN). Classic training algorithms for neural networks start with a predetermined network structure. Generally the network resulting from learning applied to a predetermined architecture is either insufficient or over-complicated. This paper describes a hierarchical genetic learning model of the BBFNN. In order to examine the performance of the proposed algorithm, they were used for the approximation problems. The results obtained are very satisfactory with respect to the relative error.
Sparse Recovery Using Sparse Matrices (2010)

In this paper, we survey algorithms for sparse recovery problems that are based on <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sparse</i> random matrices. Such matrices has several attractive properties: they support algorithms with low computational complexity, and make it easy to perform incremental updates to signals. We discuss applications to several areas, including compressive sensing, data stream computing, and group testing.
Nonaqueous Microemulsions (2018)

The concept of microemulsions has been advanced into the area of nonaqueous systems. In these systems, water is replaced by a polar organic compound such as ethylene glycol, glycerol, or acetamide. This chapter reviews some of the progress in the research in nonaqueous micellar solutions, lamellar liquid crystals, microemulsions, and critical solutions. Microemulsions are transparent vehicles containing large amounts of both water and hydrocarbon. In a microemulsion, the hydrocarbon/water colloidal solution is commonly stabilized by a combination of an ionic surfactant and a medium chain length alcohol such as pentanol. The concept of microemulsions of hydrocarbons and polar organic substances such as ethylene glycol, glycerol formamide, and similar compounds was recently introduced by three groups independent of each other. The analysis of microemulsion phenomena has been restricted to the glycerol-sodium dodecyl sulfate-hexanol system which is similar to the corresponding aqueous system with butanol.
An Approach to Identify the Readiness Level of a Solution Concept in the Inventive Design Method (2016)

It is generally known that the ranking of ideas during creative sessions creates two majors problems. The first is to undervalue a promising idea and thus wash away business priorities. The second is to overstate a false good idea that will be the underlying cause of unnecessary expenses. Although the subject of ranking ideas is spread and common in studies and research, it still poses an obvious contradiction: the level of definition of an idea must be precise to secure investments and imprecise to preserve its innovative role. In our research on this topic, we endeavored to highlight a new path that would both simplify engineers access to formal calculation (such as to give credibility to an idea by removing the blur surrounding it) while preserving potential inventive margins by identifying for each concept its degree of feasibility. However, this second part was not clearly defined in our research. In this paper, we present a complementary aspect of our approach. Its underlying idea is to associate each index to a TRL (Technical Readiness Level) that is likely to assess in an objective and formal way its maturity with a recognized scale in industrial environments. A case study and a discussion of the results of the contribution will be discussed at the end of the paper.
Update on Multi-Variable Parametric Cost Models for Ground and Space Telescopes (2012)

Parametric cost models can be used by designers and project managers to perform relative cost comparisons between major architectural cost drivers and allow high-level design trades; enable cost-benefit analysis for technology development investment; and, provide a basis for estimating total project cost between related concepts. This paper reports on recent revisions and improvements to our ground telescope cost model and refinements of our understanding of space telescope cost models. One interesting observation is that while space telescopes are 50X to 100X more expensive than ground telescopes, their respective scaling relationships are similar. Another interesting speculation is that the role of technology development may be different between ground and space telescopes. For ground telescopes, the data indicates that technology development tends to reduce cost by approximately 50% every 20 years. But for space telescopes, there appears to be no such cost reduction because we do not tend to re-fly similar systems. Thus, instead of reducing cost, 20 years of technology development may be required to enable a doubling of space telescope capability. Other findings include: mass should not be used to estimate cost; spacecraft and science instrument costs account for approximately 50% of total mission cost; and, integration and testing accounts for only about 10% of total mission cost.
Electro-Immortalization of B Lymphocytes Isolated from Stomach Carcinoma Biopsy Material (1993)

The advantages of electrofusion were used to immortalize the small number of B-cells from fresh biopsy material taken from a gastric carcinoma of a patient. Two stable human antibody secreting clones could be produced which exhibited functional activity against the autologous tumour cells (inhibition of cell adhesion and immunofluorescence staining of the membranes). This shows that a variety of hitherto inaccessible B lymphocyte populations from other human organ biopsies can be immortalised by the improved electrofusion technique.
Effects of Cloricromene on the Levels of Endothelin and on the Microcirculatory Function in Peripheral Atherosclerotic Arteriopathies (1996)

The effects of cloricromene on plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels and on microcirculatory function in 9 patients with peripheral atherosclerotic arteriopathy (PAA) and in healthy control subjects were studied. ET-1 levels and microcirculatory function were evaluated both under basal conditions and 30, 60, and 90 min after acute administration of cloricromene (30 mg i.v.). PAA patients had significantly increased levels of ET-1 and impaired vascular parameters (studied by means of Winsor's Index, Gosling's Index, postischemic perfusion index and recovery time) when compared to control subjects. The acute administration of cloricromene (30 mg i.v.) did not change plasma ET-1 both in control subjects and in patients with PAA. In contrast, cloricromene produced a significant improvement in the postischemic perfusion index and in recovery time in arteriopathic patients. Control subjects and patients with PAA also underwent a cold pressor test (CPT) under basal conditions and (72 h later) 30 min after an acute intravenous administration of cloricromene (30 mg i.v.). CPT caused a higher increase in ET-1 in the patients with PAA compared to the control group, and a reduction in the vascular flow at the femoral level, while the pretreatment with cloricromene prevented both the increase in the levels of ET-1 and the reduction of the femoral vascular flow observed after the cold stimulus in patients with PAA. Our data show that cloricromene, besides ameliorating the microcirculatory function, is able to interfere with dynamic mechanisms, such as those induced by the CPT, capable of stimulating the release of ET-1 at the vascular level.
Sorafenib Impedes Rift Valley Fever Virus Egress by Inhibiting Valosin-Containing Protein Function in the Cellular Secretory Pathway (2017)

There is an urgent need for therapeutic development to combat infections caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which causes devastating disease in both humans and animals. In an effort to repurpose drugs for RVFV treatment, our previous studies screened a library of FDA-approved drugs. The most promising candidate identified was the hepatocellular and renal cell carcinoma drug sorafenib. Mechanism-of-action studies indicated that sorafenib targeted a late stage in virus infection and caused a buildup of virions within cells. In addition, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown studies suggested that nonclassical targets of sorafenib are important for the propagation of RVFV. Here we extend our previous findings to identify the mechanism by which sorafenib inhibits the release of RVFV virions from the cell. Confocal microscopy imaging revealed that glycoprotein Gn colocalizes and accumulates within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the transport of Gn from the Golgi complex to the host cell membrane is reduced. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that sorafenib caused virions to be present inside large vacuoles inside the cells. p97/valosin-containing protein (VCP), which is involved in membrane remodeling in the secretory pathway and a known target of sorafenib, was found to be important for RVFV egress. Knockdown of VCP resulted in decreased RVFV replication, reduced Gn Golgi complex localization, and increased Gn ER accumulation. The intracellular accumulation of RVFV virions was also observed in cells transfected with siRNA targeting VCP. Collectively, these data indicate that sorafenib causes a disruption in viral egress by targeting VCP and the secretory pathway, resulting in a buildup of virions within dilated ER vesicles.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> In humans, symptoms of RVFV infection mainly include a self-limiting febrile illness. However, in some cases, infected individuals can also experience hemorrhagic fever, neurological disorders, liver failure, and blindness, which could collectively be lethal. The ability of RVFV to expand geographically outside sub-Saharan Africa is of concern, particularly to the Americas, where native mosquito species are capable of virus transmission. Currently, there are no FDA-approved therapeutics to treat RVFV infection, and thus, there is an urgent need to understand the mechanisms by which the virus hijacks the host cell machinery to replicate. The significance of our research is in identifying the cellular target of sorafenib that inhibits RVFV propagation, so that this information can be used as a tool for the further development of therapeutics used to treat RVFV infection.
Immigration and the "Mormon Question": an International Episode (1956)

T IS IRONIC that Mormonism, so native to United States that Tolstoi called it the religion, 1 once seemed notoriously unAmerican. To Christian Convention gathered in Salt Lake City in 1888 to review the situation in it seemed, in fact, anti-American. Reverend A. S. Bailey, addressing all denominational workers in Territory, believed that traveler visiting Utah would find not simply more that is European than American, but a spirit foreign to spirit of Americans, . . . system indigenous indeed, but hostile to ideas. 2 His charges were familiar: Mormonism restrained trade in forbidding Saints to do business with Gentiles; it controlled People's Party, invoking religious test for political office; it levied taxes on property in form of tithing; it indoctrinated schools; it mocked home with its oriental abomination, polygamy; it was Kingdom bent on overthrowing Government. With missionaries in every State in Union, with strong lobby at national capital, and with recruits being brought in by hundreds from Old World, this plague cannot be easily quarantined. 3 To Christian patriots determined to make an end of polygamy and theocratic rule in Utah, flow of proselytes from abroad was particular vexation. It was all too true that Mormonism, as British reviewer observed, owed its survival and continuing growth to persecution, martyrdom, and immigration. 4 Immigration fed all other iniquities: it replenished polygamy, it strengthened hand of priesthood, it supplied subservient colonizers to extend American Turkey and docile voters to spread its subversive influence. Reverend J. M. Coyner imagined annual trainloads of foreign converts scattered over great mountain regions of West and shuddered to think Mormonism might eventually
Neurotransmitter alterations in PTSD: catecholamines and serotonin. (1999)

In this chapter we review trauma-related studies involving epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE), and serotonin (5-HT). Central catecholamine neurons seem to play a critical role in level of alertness, vigilance, orienting, selective attention, memory, fear conditioning, and cardiovascular responses to life-threatening stimuli. Evidence of catecholamine dysregulation in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) includes exaggerated increases in heart rate and blood pressure when exposed to visual and auditory reminders of trauma, elevated 24-hour urine catecholamine excretion, decreased platelet alpha-2 adrenergic receptor number, exaggerated behavioral, cardiovascular, and biochemical responses to IY yohimbine, decreased cortical brain metabolism secondary to IV yohimbine, and clinical efficacy of adrenergic blocking agents. Serotonin seems to play numerous roles in the central nervous system, including regulation of sleep, aggression, appetite, cardiovascular and respiratory activity, motor output, anxiety, mood, neuroendocrine secretion, and analgesia. Evidence of serotonergic dysregulation in PTSD includes frequent symptoms of aggression, impulsivity, depression and suicidality, decreased platelet paroxetine binding, blunted prolactin response to fenfluramine, exaggerated reactivity to m-chloro-phenyl-piperazine, and clinical efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors. It has been suggested that alterations in NE, E, and 5-HT may have relevance for symptoms commonly seen in survivors with PTSD, including hypervigilance, exaggerated startle, irritability, impulsivity, aggression, intrusive memories, depressed mood, and suicidality.