gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anterograde femoral nailing with a reamed interlocking titanium alloy nail. (2000)

Intramedullary nailing has become the gold standard for treatment of femoral diaphyseal fractures. Between March 1995 and December 1998 we performed 40 intramedullary nailings using the ACE femoral nail (De Puy). The patients were followed for an average of 27.9 months (range: 6-54 months). The mean age was 33.2 years (range: 17-87 years); the sex distribution was 33 males and 7 females. All fractures were unilateral (right 18, left 22). Most of the fractures were caused by traffic accidents (35), the others originated from sports, work and gunshot (1). Thirty-five fractures were closed and 5 were open: 1 was grade I, 2 were grade II and 2 grade IIIa according to Gustilo's classification. According to the AO classification 18 fractures were type A, 13 type B and 9 type C. The majority of patients had associated injuries: neurotrauma 2, chest trauma 2, and other fractures e.g. of the clavicula, lumbar spine, patella, tibia. Immediate surgery was performed in 34 cases, delayed surgery in 6 cases. All fractures were treated on a fracture table, with closed reduction, reaming of the intramedullary canal, proximal and distal locking and intraoperative control of rotation and length. The mean time to healing was 17.85 weeks (range: 18-50 weeks). The following complications were observed: 3 delayed unions, which united after dynamisation, one malunion, which required corrective osteotomy, and one nonunion, which healed after exchange nailing. We encountered no rotational deformity and no clinically relevant shortening. Six nails were removed due to irritation by locking screws. These results are comparable with those of larger series in the literature with other types of interlocking nails. The union rate in this series was 97.5%.
P‐97: Luminous Uniformity of Slab Waveguide‐Based Transmissive Display Systems (2008)

Abstract Slab waveguides exploiting edge‐injected light enable light‐recycling backlights or provide total internal reflected light to displays that frustrate TIR. High luminous uniformity requires detuning pixel efficiencies, mirroring waveguide edges and increasing waveguide thicknesses to extend ray transits. Methods for retaining high luminous uniformity in thinner waveguides are analyzed.
Multiple Phases of Molybdenum Carbide as Electrocatalysts for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2014)

Molybdenum carbide has been proposed as a possible alternative to platinum for catalyzing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Previous studies were limited to only one phase, β-Mo2C with an Fe2N structure. Here, four phases of Mo-C were synthesized and investigated for their electrocatalytic activity and stability for HER in acidic solution. All four phases were synthesized from a unique amine-metal oxide composite material including γ-MoC with a WC type structure which was stabilized for the first time as a phase pure nanomaterial. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and valence band studies were also used for the first time on γ-MoC. γ-MoC exhibits the second highest HER activity among all four phases of molybdenum carbide, and is exceedingly stable in acidic solution.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism‐Based Isolation and Structures of Some Anticancer Active Natural Products. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
IMPROVING PEPTIDES (2011)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTIMPROVING PEPTIDESSmall firms develop better PEPTIDE DRUG CANDIDATES to expand this pharmaceutical class and attract big pharma partnersANN M. THAYERView Author Information C&EN HOUSTONCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2011, 89, 22, 13–20Publication Date (Print):May 30, 2011Publication History Published online9 March 2012Published inissue 30 May 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v089n022.p013Copyright © 2011 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) SUBJECTS:Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Materials for Reversible Optical Data Storage (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statins are not associated with a decrease in all cause mortality in a high-risk primary prevention setting (2011)

Commentary on: KK Ray, SR Seshasai, S Erqou, et al.. Statins and all-cause mortality in high-risk primary prevention: a meta-analysis of 11 randomized controlled trials involving 65,229 participants. Arch Intern Med2010;170:1024–31.
Covalent Biofunctionalization of Silicon Nitride Surfaces (2007)

Covalently attached organic monolayers on etched silicon nitride (SixN4; x >/= 3) surfaces were prepared by reaction of SixN4-coated wafers with neat or solutions of 1-alkenes and 1-alkynes in refluxing mesitylene. The surface modification was monitored by measurement of the static water contact angle, XPS, IRRAS, AFM, and ToF-SIMS, and evidence for the formation of Si-C bonds is presented. The etching can be achieved by dilute HF solutions and yields both Si-H and N-H moieties. The resulting etched SixN4 surfaces are functionalized by terminal carboxylic acid groups in either of two ways: (a) via attachment of a 10-undecenoic acid 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester (trifluoro ethanol ester) and subsequent thermal acid hydrolysis; (b) through attachment of a photocleavable ester, and subsequent photochemical cleavage, as this would allow photopatterned functionalized SixN4. The carboxylic acids are successfully used for the attachment of oligopeptides (aspartame) and complete proteins using EDC/NHS chemistry. Finally, an amino-terminated organic monolayer can be formed by reaction of HF-treated SixN4 surfaces with a N-(omega-undecylenyl)phthalimide, which yields an amino-terminated surface upon deprotection with hydrazine.
On dependence and delay: Capacity bounds for wireless networks (2012)

This paper investigates the impact of noise dependence and signal delay on the capacities of networks. It is shown that statistical dependence between the noise in a network's component channels is helpful for communication. In particular, the capacity region of a network whose component channels exhibit dependent noise is a superset of the capacity region of a network built from the same component channels when the noise in those channels is independent. It is also shown that delay has no impact on capacity. That is, the capacity of a network of memoryless channels is unchanged by the addition of finite delays anywhere in the network. Both results are proven for all possible networks of memoryless point-to-point and multi-terminal channels under multiple multicast connections. All other connection types (e.g., single unicast, multiple unicast, single multicast, and mixed unicast and multicast connections) are special cases of the multiple multicast problem, and are therefore included in the given results. The results also generalize from reliable communication of independent sources to lossy or lossy description of possibly dependent sources (i.e., joint source-channel coding) across the same network.
ImmPort, toward repurposing of open access immunological assay data for translational and clinical research (2018)

Immunology researchers are beginning to explore the possibilities of reproducibility, reuse and secondary analyses of immunology data. Open-access datasets are being applied in the validation of the methods used in the original studies, leveraging studies for meta-analysis, or generating new hypotheses. To promote these goals, the ImmPort data repository was created for the broader research community to explore the wide spectrum of clinical and basic research data and associated findings. The ImmPort ecosystem consists of four components-Private Data, Shared Data, Data Analysis, and Resources-for data archiving, dissemination, analyses, and reuse. To date, more than 300 studies have been made freely available through the Shared Data portal (www.immport.org/immport-open), which allows research data to be repurposed to accelerate the translation of new insights into discoveries.
The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center Proton Therapy Facility (2003)

The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC), in partnership with Sanders Morris Harris Inc., a Texas‐based investment banking firm, and The Styles Company, a developer and manager of hospitals and healthcare facilities, is building a proton therapy facility near the MDACC main complex at the Texas Medical Center in Houston, Texas USA. The MDACC Proton Therapy Center will be a freestanding, investor‐owned radiation oncology center offering state‐of‐the‐art proton beam therapy. The facility will have four treatment rooms: three rooms will have rotating, isocentric gantries and the fourth treatment room will have capabilities for both large and small field (e.g. ocular melanoma) treatments using horizontal beam lines. There will be an additional horizontal beam room dedicated to physics research and development, radiation biology research, and outside users who wish to conduct experiments using proton beams. The first two gantries will each be initially equipped with a passive scattering nozzle while the third gantry will have a magnetically swept pencil beam scanning nozzle. The latter will include enhancements to the treatment control system that will allow for the delivery of proton intensity modulation treatments. The proton accelerator will be a 250 MeV zero‐gradient synchrotron with a slow extraction system. The facility is expected to open for patient treatments in the autumn of 2005. It is anticipated that 675 patients will be treated during the first full year of operation, while full capacity, reached in the fifth year of operation, will be approximately 3,400 patients per year. Treatments will be given up to 2‐shifts per day and 6 days per week.
Extracellular Vesicles in Innate Immune Cell Programming (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are a heterogeneous group of bilipid-enclosed envelopes that carry proteins, metabolites, RNA, DNA and lipids from their parent cell of origin. They mediate cellular communication to other cells in local tissue microenvironments and across organ systems. EV size, number and their biologically active cargo are often altered in response to pathological processes, including infection, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and in response to metabolic perturbations such as obesity and diabetes, which also have a strong inflammatory component. Here, we discuss the broad repertoire of EV produced by neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, their precursor hematopoietic stem cells and discuss their effects on the innate immune system. We seek to understand the immunomodulatory properties of EV in cellular programming, which impacts innate immune cell differentiation and function. We further explore the possibilities of using EV as immune targeting vectors, for the modulation of the innate immune response, e.g., for tissue preservation during sterile injury such as myocardial infarction or to promote tissue resolution of inflammation and potentially tissue regeneration and repair.
Medical assistance to travellers: a new concept in insurance--cooperation with an airline. (1985)

Medical assistance to travellers is a new concept in insurance. Payment of a premium makes it possible in an emergency for a traveller, by means of a phone call, to obtain free medical support, i.e., on-the-spot treatment, repatriation, hospitalization, etc. This kind of service necessarily involves a 24-h telephone system; a network of national and international correspondents, physicians and nurses trained in resuscitation; and sophisticated medical equipment, aircraft, etc. This study gathered data on the activity across 1982 of such an assistance company, especially in its cooperation with a scheduled international airline for air evacuation of patients who had become ill or had been injured far from their homes. Of 1618 repatriated patients in the single year, 1241 were evacuated by air (247 of these by the airline involved in the study) mainly from Europe or Africa. Traumatology, cardiovascular diseases, and psychiatric syndromes were the main causes of air evacuation. Medical equipment and personnel were placed aboard aircraft based on the gravity of each case. Assistance contracts provide valuable back-up for travellers' medical and psychological safety; close cooperation with airlines is of prime importance, both to the patient and to airline operations.
Alteration of Neuroma Formation by Manipulation of Its Microenvironment (1985)

In a primate model a histologic assessment of neuroma formation is reported. Three experimental groups were defined. Transected sensory nerves left adjacent to the incisional wound in an area of movement (wrist) were considered the control group. In the "proximally cut" group the same sensory nerves were positioned well proximal to the incisional wound. In the "muscle-implantation" group these nerves were placed in adjacent muscles. At 6 months a histologic assessment of the neuroma formation in the three experimental groups was carried out. Implantation of the sensory nerve into muscle significantly altered the regenerative potential of that nerve. The muscle completely surrounded the sensory nerve. The minimal neuroma that formed had significantly less scar tissue and contained nerve fibers that were of a smaller diameter and decreased density than either the control or the proximally cut group. There were no histologic differences between these latter two groups. However, regeneration into the overlying skin that was noted in the control neuromas was not seen in those nerves which had been proximally cut.
Design and fabrication of terahertz quantum cascade laser structure based on III‐nitride semiconductors (2009)

Abstract We have designed a resonant phonon‐type GaN/In 0.05 Al 0.23 Ga 0.72 N quantum cascade structure, emitting at 7.6 terahertz, in which the population inversion could be obtained by making calculations based on self‐consistent rate equation model. We also fabricated the designed quantum cascade structure using radio‐frequency molecular beam epitaxy. Clear satellite peaks patterns in high resolution X‐ray diffraction and sharp interfaces between GaN wells and InAlGaN barriers in high resolution transmission electron microscopy image were both observed, indicating that almost the same structure as that of our design had been fabricated successfully. These results indicate that III‐Nitride semiconductors would be promising materials for terahertz quantum cascade lasers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Snow Ski as a Dynamic System (1972)

Paper reports research on dynamic system characteristics of snow skis. Laboratory and field measurements of frequency response, running surface pressure excitation, and static system characteristics are intended to provide a data base of physical information to guide future design and research. Laboratory testing procedures used give meaningful information for “straight running” but not for “turning.” In general, the turning and straight running maneuvers must be examined independently. This paper summarizes the general research observations with a minimum of detail included.
Iron, sulfur, and chlorophyll deficiencies: A need for an integrative approach in plant physiology (1998)

Green plants deficient in nitrogen, sulfur, or iron develop a similar yellow coloration. In each case, the yellow coloration is accompanied by a lowered chlorophyll concentration. This review attempts to collate some of the biochemical information concerning these three seemingly diverse nutritive deficiencies and bares a need for a more integrative approach to plant physiology. The biochemical and biological roles of nitrogen, sulfur and iron in living systems are examined, with emphasis on sulfur and iron. Mechanistically, iron and/or sulfur are highly reactive components of many enzymes. Indeed, iron and sulfur sometimes form Fe 2 S 2 , Fe 3 S 4 , or Fe 4 S 4 clusters which are very active electron transfer agents. Recently, iron‐sulfur clusters have been reported to serve as sensors of oxidative stress, to couple photosynthesis with several metabolic pathways, to participate in the reduction of sulfite and nitrite, and to participate in regulation of gene expression. Thus, there are several mechanisms by which a deficiency of nitrogen, sulfur, or iron could produce the same low‐chlorophyll, yellow phenotype in plants. Unless the interactions and coordination of the various pathways connected to chlorophyll synthesis are elucidated, it is unlikely that we will select the quickest and most direct path to plant improvement.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON SUBSTITUIERTEN 5‐VINYL‐CYCLOHEXADIENEN‐(1,3) UND TRICYCLO(2,2,2,0(2,6))OCTENEN‐(7) (1971)

Abstract Butadien (II) reagiert mit den Acetylenen (I) am Ni‐Triphenylphosphankatalysator zu den Vinylcyclohexadienen (III)‐(VI), und zwar entstehen aus (Ia) bzw. (Ib) die Produkte (IIIa) (25% Ausbeute) bzw. (IIIb) und aus (Ic) ein Isomerengemisch aus (IIIc) und (IVc).
During hormone depletion or tamoxifen treatment of breast cancer cells the estrogen receptor apoprotein supports cell cycling through the retinoic acid receptor α1 apoprotein (2011)

In hormone-sensitive breast cancer, ER can support a basal fraction of S-phase cells (i) without obvious association with ErbB2/3 expression, (ii) by mechanisms unaffected by hormone depletion or OH-Tam and (iii) through maintenance of the basal expression of apo-RARα1 to regulate a set of ATRA-insensitive genes. Since isoform 1 of RARα is genetically redundant, its targeted inactivation or downregulation should be further investigated as a potential means of enhancing hormonal adjuvant therapy.
Electro‐Optical Materials: Electrically Addressable Hybrid Architectures of Zinc Oxide Nanowires Grown on Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 15/2010) (2010)

Hybrid assemblies of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires grown on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are presented by A. J. Hart et al. on page 2470. The foreground shows a transmission electron micrograph of an individual hybrid bundle where the ZnO nanowires extend radially from the surface of the CNTs. The background shows a scanning electron micrograph of the sidewall of a ZnO/CNT hybrid forest. Color was added using Adobe Photoshop.
Motion planning for humanoid robots under obstacle and dynamic balance constraints (2002)

We present an approach to path planning for humanoid robots that computes dynamically-stable, collision-free trajectories from full-body posture goals. Given a geometric model of the environment and a statically-stable desired posture, we search the configuration space of the robot for a collision-free path that simultaneously satisfies dynamic balance constraints. We adapt existing randomized path planning techniques by imposing balance constraints on incremental search motions in order to maintain the overall dynamic stability of the final path. A dynamics filtering function that constrains the ZMP (zero moment point) trajectory is used as a post-processing step to transform statically-stable, collision-free paths into dynamically-stable, collision-free trajectories for the entire body. Although we have focused our experiments on biped robots with a humanoid shape, the method generally applies to any robot subject to balance constraints (legged or not). The algorithm is presented along with computed examples using the humanoid robot "H6".
Predicting Fame and Fortune: PageRank or Indegree? (2003)

Measures based on the Link Recommendation Assumption are hypothesised to help modern Web search engines rank ‘important, high quality’ pages ahead of relevant but less valuable pages and to reject ‘spam’. We tested these hypotheses using inlink counts and PageRank scores readily obtainable from search engines Google and Fast. We found that the average Google-reported PageRank of websites operated by Fortune 500 companies was approximately one point higher than the average for a large selection of companies. The same was true for Fortune Most Admired companies. A substantially bigger difference was observed in favour of companies with famous brands. Investigating less desirable biases, we found a one point bias toward technology companies, and a two point bias in favour of IT companies listed in the Wired 40. We found negligible bias in favour of US companies. Log of indegree was highly correlated with Google-reported PageRank scores, and just as effective when predicting desirable company attributes. Further, we found that PageRank scores for sites within a known spam network were no lower than would be expected on the basis of their indegree. We encounter no compelling evidence to support the use of PageRank over indegree.
Chemical-Looping Combustion of Solid Fuels Using Manganese Ores as Oxygen Carriers (2016)

In chemical looping combustion (CLC), the choice of the oxygen carrier material is crucial with respect to overall system performance and cost. Materials based on manganese ores are promising candidates due to their favorable thermodynamic properties, high availability, and low price. As these ores tend to be comparably soft and prone to attrition, the challenge is to find materials which combine the above-mentioned advantages with sufficient mechanical durability. In this study, three manganese materials were screened for their suitability as oxygen carriers in the chemical looping process. The materials were subjected to continuous operation with fuel in a 10 kW chemical looping unit and evaluated in terms of gas conversion, carbon capture efficiency, and particle lifetime. All oxygen carriers showed good performance and reached more than 90% gas conversion at relevant conditions. Particle lifetime based on fines production was in the range of 99–284 h, which is a considerable improvement compared to a manganese ore previously tested in this unit. One material was ruled out as a potential candidate for up-scaling due to agglomeration tendencies.