gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduced Levels of Amyloid-β-Binding Proteins in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Alzheimer's Disease Patients (2009)

Amyloid-beta(Abeta) aggregation is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have suggested that only unbound Abeta can take part in the aggregation process. Therefore, endogenous Abeta-binding proteins may have an important role in preventing AD. Here, we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 35 subjects with AD, 18 subjects with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and 29 non-demented controls to test if reduced Abeta-binding capacity in CSF is a specific feature of AD. A panel of known Abeta-binding CSF proteins, including beta-trace/prostaglandin D2 synthase (beta-trace), transthyretin (TTR), cystatin C (CysC) and alpha(1)-antitrypsin (AAT), were quantified and related to diagnosis and CSF levels of Abeta(1-38), Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42). AD patients displayed a mild reduction in the CSF levels of beta-trace (p=0.020), CysC (p=0.017), AAT (p=0.019) and TTR (p=0.012) compared with controls. While the reductions in AAT and TTR were AD-specific, the levels of beta-trace and CysC were also reduced in FTD. As expected, CSF Abeta(1-42) was reduced in AD compared with controls (p=0.00005) and with FTD patients (p=0.015). Positive correlations between Abeta(1-42) and beta-trace, CysC and TTR, respectively, were seen only in the AD group, suggesting that deficient Abeta-binding capacity in CSF may contribute to the amyloidogenic process in AD.
Effect of the NK3receptor antagonist, talnetant, on rectal sensory function and compliance in healthy humans (2007)

Visceral hypersensitivity is important in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome and thus a target for modulation in drug development. Neurokinin (NK) receptors, including NK(3) receptors, are expressed in the motor and sensory systems of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two different doses (25 and 100 mg) of the NK(3) receptor antagonist, talnetant (SB223412) with placebo on rectal sensory function and compliance in healthy volunteers studied at two centres. Rectal barostat tests were performed on 102 healthy volunteers, randomized to receive either oral talnetant 25 or 100 mg or placebo over 14-17 days. Studies were performed on three occasions: day 1 immediately prior to 1st dose, day 1 4 h postdose, and after 14- to17-day therapy. Compliance, and pressure thresholds for first sensation, urgency, discomfort and pain were measured using ascending method of limits, and sensory intensity ratings for gas, urgency, discomfort and pain determined during four random phasic distensions (12, 24, 36 and 48 mmHg). Talnetant had no effect on rectal compliance, sensory thresholds or intensity ratings compared with placebo. In general, the results obtained at the two centres differed minimally, with intensity scores at one centre consistently somewhat lower. At the doses tested, talnetant has no effect on rectal compliance or distension-induced rectal sensation in healthy participants.
Effects of nitrogen content on the microstructure and magnetic properties of FeTaN films (1994)

Microstructures and soft magnetic properties of FeTaN films with various nitrogen contents have been investigated. When the nitrogen flow ratio of sputtering gas is low, characteristics of low permeability and high coercivity are ascribed to the abnormal grain growth of a /spl alpha/-Fe. On the other hand, the formation of a /spl epsi/-Fe/sub 2-3/N phase due to the presence of higher nitrogen content also caused deterioration of soft magnetic properties. A permeability value higher than 7500 was obtained for films with homogeneous microstructure and appropriate crystal size by critical control of nitrogen content.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Function of Lys-166 of Rhodospirillum rubrum ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase as examined by site-directed mutagenesis. (1987)

Affinity labeling and comparative sequence analyses have placed Lys-166 of ribulosebisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase from Rhodospirillum rubrum at the active site. The unusual nucleophilicity and acidity of the epsilon-amino group of Lys 166 (pKa = 7.9) suggest its involvement in catalysis, perhaps as the base that enolizes ribulosebisphosphate (Hartman, F.C., Milanez, S., and Lee, E.H. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 13968-13975). In attempts to clarify the role of Lys-166 of the carboxylase, we have used site-directed mutagenesis to replace this lysyl residue with glycine, alanine, serine, glutamine, arginine, cysteine, or histidine. All seven of these mutant proteins, purified by immunoaffinity chromatography, are severely deficient in carboxylase activity; the serine mutant, which is the most active, has a kcat only 0.2% that of the wild-type enzyme. Although low, the carboxylase activity displayed by some of the mutant proteins proves that Lys-166 is not required for substrate binding and argues that the detrimental effects brought about by amino acid substitutions at position 166 do not reflect gross conformational changes. As demonstrated by their ability to tightly bind a transition-state analogue (2-carboxyarabinitol 1,5-bisphosphate) in the presence of CO2 and Mg2+, some of the mutant proteins undergo the carbamylation reaction that is required for activation of the wild-type enzyme. Since Lys-166 is required neither for activation (i.e. carbamylation by CO2) nor for substrate binding, it must be essential to catalysis. When viewed within the context of previous related studies, the results of site-directed mutagenesis are entirely consistent with Lys-166 functioning as the base that initiates catalysis by abstracting the C-3 proton from ribulosebisphosphate. An alternative possibility that Lys-166 acts to stabilize a transition state in the reaction pathway cannot be rigorously excluded.
Finite element modeling and experimental characterization of crosstalk in 1-D CMUT arrays (2007)

Crosstalk is the coupling of energy between the elements of an ultrasonic transducer array. This coupling degrades the performance of transducers in applications such as medical imaging and therapeutics. In this paper, we present an experimental demonstration of guided interface waves in capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs). We compare the experimental results to finite element calculations using a commercial package (LS-DYNA) for a 1-D CMUT array operating in the conventional and collapsed modes. An element in the middle of the array was excited with a unipolar voltage pulse, and the displacements were measured using a laser interferometer along the center line of the array elements immersed in soybean oil. We repeated the measurements for an identical CMUT array covered with a 4.5-microm polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer. The main crosstalk mechanism is the dispersive guided modes propagating in the fluid-solid interface. Although the transmitter element had a center frequency of 5.8 MHz with a 130% fractional bandwidth in the conventional operation, the dispersive guided mode was observed with the maximum amplitude at a frequency of 2.1 MHz, and had a cut-off frequency of 4 MHz. In the collapsed operation, the dispersive guided mode was observed with the maximum amplitude at a frequency of 4.0 MHz, and had a cut-off frequency of 10 MHz. Crosstalk level was lower in the collapsed operation (-39 dB) than in the conventional operation (-24.4 dB). The coverage of the PDMS did not significantly affect the crosstalk level, but reduced the phase velocity for both operation modes. Lamb wave modes, A0 and S0, were also observed with crosstalk levels of -40 dB and -65 dB, respectively. We observed excellent agreement between the finite element and the experimental results.
Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Aldol Reaction Using Chiral Metal Complexes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Positive Psychology: A Clinical Behavior Analytic Perspective (2001)

Psychology has focused too much on reducing symptoms of distress and ameliorating behavioral problems rather than attending to the rewarding, engaging, and good side of human life. This article offers a radical behavioral view of some of the epistemic issues relevant to the design of this new area of research, and it proposes a rapprochement between humanistic and behavior analytic psychology. Examples drawn from both humanistic and behavior analytic research are given to illustrate the utility of a deterministic view for a generative science of positive psychology and to offer an alternative conceptualization of control. The article considers how to design environments that evoke positive behavior from those within them and how to give individuals the skills to control their own behavior and circumstances in ways that will maximize their quality of life.
Corrective Osteotomy for Intra-Articular Malunion of the Distal Part of the Radius (2006)

The results of corrective osteotomy for the treatment of intraarticular malunion are comparable with those of osteotomy for the treatment of extra-articular malunion. Intra-articular osteotomy can be performed with acceptable safety and efficacy, it improves wrist function, and it may help to limit the need for salvage procedures such as partial or total wrist arthrodesis.
Taming wildcards in Java's type system (2011)

Wildcards have become an important part of Java's type system since their introduction 7 years ago. Yet there are still many open problems with Java's wildcards. For example, there are no known sound and complete algorithms for subtyping (and consequently type checking) Java wildcards, and in fact subtyping is suspected to be undecidable because wildcards are a form of bounded existential types. Furthermore, some Java types with wildcards have no joins, making inference of type arguments for generic methods particularly difficult. Although there has been progress on these fronts, we have identified significant shortcomings of the current state of the art, along with new problems that have not been addressed. In this paper, we illustrate how these shortcomings reflect the subtle complexity of the problem domain, and then present major improvements to the current algorithms for wildcards by making slight restrictions on the usage of wildcards. Our survey of existing Java programs suggests that realistic code should already satisfy our restrictions without any modifications. We present a simple algorithm for subtyping which is both sound and complete with our restrictions, an algorithm for lazily joining types with wildcards which addresses some of the shortcomings of prior work, and techniques for improving the Java type system as a whole. Lastly, we describe various extensions to wildcards that would be compatible with our algorithms.
Assessment of general applicability of robot audition system by recognizing three simultaneous speeches (2005)

Robot audition is a critical technology in creating an intelligent robot operating in daily environments. We have developed such a robot audition system by using a new interface between sound source separation and automatic speech recognition (ASR). A mixture of speeches captured with a pair of microphones installed in the ear positions of a humanoid is separated into each speech by using active direction-pass filter (ADPF). The ADPF extracts a sound source originating from a specific direction in real-time by using interaural phase and intensity differences. The separated speech is recognized by a speech recognizer based on the missing feature theory (MFT). By using a missing feature mask, the MFT based ASR neglects distorted and missing features caused during the speech separation. A missing feature mask for each separated speech is generated in speech separation and is sent to the ASR with the separated speech. Thus, this new integration improves the performance of ASR. However, the generality of this robot audition system has not been assessed so far. In this paper, we assess its general applicability by implementing it on the three humanoids, i.e., ASIMO of Honda, SIG2, and Replie of Kyoto University. By using three simultaneous speeches as benchmarks, the robot audition system improved the performance of ASR over 50% in every humanoid, and thus its general applicability was confirmed.
Synchronization: Introduction by the session chairman (1975)

The discussion at this session centered around two aspects of the synchronization problem: abstract models, primarily of local synchronization; and synchronization in networks which have long delays, lost messages, duplication of messages, and crashes of the communicating parties. There were two presentations on abstract models (Belpaire and Chen) and one on network problems (Dalal), supported by several working papers for which there were no presentations during the session (Ekanadham, Akkoyunlu, Tomlinson).
Characterization by Atomic Force Microscopy of Fused-Silica Capillaries Chemically Modified for Capillary Electrokinetic Chromatography (2000)

Fused-silica capillary tubes with 50-microm bores have been chemically modified to yield octadecyl-derivatized surfaces with increased surface area. Alkylation is achieved in three steps: etching, silane adlayering, and olefin hydrosilation. Surface roughness, surface area, surface-tip attractive forces, and topographic images of the native, etched, silane-adlayered, and alkylated capillary bores as measured by atomic force microscopy are presented here. Significant roughening occurs during the etching process, but the most dramatic change in roughness and surface adhesion forces occurs in the hydrided (silane-adlayered) capillary surface. Topographic smoothing and passivation of surface activity are observed for the alkylated capillary surface.
Binding of p190RhoGEF to a Destabilizing Element on the Light Neurofilament mRNA Is Competed by BC1 RNA (2002)

The enhancement of RNA-mediated motor neuron degeneration in transgenic mice by mutating a major mRNA instability determinant in a light neurofilament (NF-L) transgene implicates cognate RNA binding factors in the pathogenesis of motor neuron degeneration. p190RhoGEF is a neuron-enriched guanine exchange factor (GEF) that binds to the NF-L-destabilizing element, to c-Jun N-terminal kinase-interactive protein-1 (JIP-1), and to 14-3-3 and may link neurofilament expression to pathways affecting neuronal homeostasis. This study was undertaken to identify additional RNA species that bind p190RhoGEF and could affect interactions of the exchange factor with NF-L transcripts. The C-terminal domain of p190RhoGEF, containing the RNA-binding site, was expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein and was used as an affinity probe to isolate interactive RNAs in rat brain extracts. As expected, NF-L mRNA was identified as an RNA specie eluted from the affinity column. In addition, BC1 RNA was also found enriched in the bound RNA fraction. BC1 is a 152-nucleotide RNA that is highly expressed but untranslated in differentiated neurons. We show that BC1 and NF-L mRNA bind to a similar site in the C-terminal domain of p190RhoGEF, and their bindings to p190RhoGEF are readily cross-competed. Moreover, we identify a novel binding site in BC1 to account for its interaction with p190RhoGEF. The findings suggest a novel role of BC1 in differentiated neurons involving RNA-protein interactions of p190RhoGEF.
Natural variants in SARS-CoV-2 S protein pinpoint structural and functional hotspots: implications for prophylaxis and therapeutic strategies (2021)

Abstract In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, termed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was identified as the cause of pneumonia with severe respiratory distress and outbreaks in Wuhan, China. The rapid and global spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Earlier during the pandemic, there were limited genetic viral variations. As millions of people became infected, multiple single amino acid substitutions emerged. Many of these substitutions have no consequences. However, some of the new variants show a greater infection rate, more severe disease, and reduced sensitivity to current prophylaxes and treatments. Of particular importance in SARS-CoV-2 transmission are mutations that occur in the Spike (S) protein, the protein on the viral outer envelope that binds to the human angiotensin-converting enzyme receptor (hACE2). Here, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 441,168 individual virus sequences isolated from humans throughout the world. From the individual sequences, we identified 3,540 unique amino acid substitutions in the S protein. Analysis of these different variants in the S protein pinpointed important functional and structural sites in the protein. This information may guide the development of effective vaccines and therapeutics to help arrest the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Modulation of Acid Hydrolysis Reaction Time for the Extraction of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Posidonia oceanica Leaves (2016)

In this research, the revalorization of Posidonia oceanica leaf sea waste was studied and the acid hydrolysis processing times were modulated in order to optimize the extraction of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The obtained ... | Find, read and cite all the research you need on Tech Science Press
Technical and economical assessment of reactive power provision from distributed generators: Case study area of East Denmark (2013)

The transformation of the electrical energy system with traditional central power generation into a system of high penetration of distributed generation, requires a change in the current system operation practices. It is expected that a significant number of central power plants, which traditionally provided most ancillary services, will be taken out of operation during the next decades. From a technical and economic perspective, this paper evaluates the potential of reactive power provision from the distribution grid to the transmission grid. This approach is compared to reactive power provision from conventional dynamic reactive power compensators regarding technical and economic aspects. It will be shown that distributed generators can provide reactive power while being cost-competitive to conventional techniques.
An ID-based USN Management Architecture Model (2007)

USN networks can be classified into IP-based and non-IP-based. Each type may build its own management architecture based on a specific management protocol. For example, ZigBee networks are established without IP, but 6LoWPAN networks are based on IP, especially IPv6. There two different management schemes such as ZigBee network layer management and SNMP are applied each to them. A centralized network management requires a common identification scheme for all managed objects within its management domain possibly consisting of multiple sensor networks based on IP or non-IP. SNMP uses IP and OID (object identifier) for identification of managed objects. But ZigBee-like non-IP sensor networks don't use IP and OID for object identification. This situation means a network manager should handle two identification schemes for every managed object within these two example networks. So, a higher layer abstraction of USN network management has been developed based on ID for a single and common identification scheme for all managed objects within a management domain, which can realize a transparent network management for various types of sensor networks.
Validity of kissing gastric ulcers induced in rats for screening of antiulcer drugs (1994)

We examined the validity of kissing gastric ulcers induced in rats by determining the effects of conventional antiulcer drugs. Gastric ulcers were produced by luminal application of 60% acetic acid (0.2 mL, 45 s) to an area clamped with a pair of forceps. The ulcers were evaluated as to either the ulcerated area (mm2) or ulcer index (ulcerated area x depth). The healing of kissing ulcers was significantly enhanced by 2 week treatment with oral omeprazole (10, 30 mg/kg per day), leminoprazole (30, 60 mg/kg per day) or cimetidine (300, 450 mg/kg per day). The rate of healing was > 50% to both the ulcerated area and ulcer index. Aluminium hydroxide (up to 1800 mg/kg per day) had no effect on ulcer healing on the ulcerated area, but it caused a significant reduction in the ulcer index. Gastric acid secretion was significantly inhibited by repeated administration of omeprazole, leminoprazole and cimetidine in a dose-dependent manner. Aluminium hydroxide significantly increased the pH of the gastric contents. The mechanism of action of these drugs appears to involve partly the inhibition of gastric acid secretion and neutralization of secreted acid. We conclude that kissing gastric ulcers are a sensitive ulcer model for the screening of antiulcer drugs.
Chemometrics Analysis Combined with GC-MS and NMR Spectroscopy Analysis of Fatty Acids as a Means of Discriminating Butterfat Adulteration (2019)

The adulteration of butter has become a major problem in food industries. Butter has the similar characteristic to lard which makes lard a desirable adulterant in butter due to economic advantages. Therefore, the method of detection to analyse the adulteration practice must be developed. This study used NMR spectroscopy in combination with chemometrics for the authentication of butter from lard. The presence of lard as an adulterant in butter has been analysed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy with the aid of chemometric of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Discriminant Analysis (DA). PC1 described 82% of the variation while PC2 accounted for 15% of the variation resulted in a model that described 80% of the total variance in the data. With 82% of the peak variation along the first PC, it was clear that all seventeen samples of butter in the market and pure lard sample were formed according to their own group and showed two well-defined and well-separated group. DA model classified 100% of all samples accurately according to its group (butter and butter adulterated with animal fats), meaning that no samples were misclassified into the wrong group. Lard was successfully determined at 2.63 ppm. In this study, NMR and PCA analysis has successfully discriminated between the market sample and lard and the results established that there is no lard being adulterated in all commercial butter samples. This could be a potential identification approach to determine if the product has been deceived in market.
Supplementary methods and supplementary figures 1 through 4 from Blocking IL1β Pathway Following Paclitaxel Chemotherapy Slightly Inhibits Primary Tumor Growth but Promotes Spontaneous Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods: Gene expression analysis (RT-PCR); MMP9 detection by gelatin; Scratch wound assay; Clodronate liposomes (clodrolip); Quantitation and visualization of microvessel density and vessel perfusion; Supplemental Figure 1: Tumor cell invasion and motility. Supplemental Figure 2: Invasion properties of tumor cells expressing IL-1R-I. Supplemental Figure 3: Tumor cell invasion and metastasis in IL-1β-deprived mice. Supplemental Figure 4: Relative perfusion area of 4T1 tumors, and the phenotype analysis of M1 and M2 macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;