gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediagnostic Calcium Intake and Lung Cancer Survival: A Pooled Analysis of 12 Cohort Studies (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. Little is known about whether prediagnostic nutritional factors may affect survival. We examined the associations of prediagnostic calcium intake from foods and/or supplements with lung cancer survival.<b>Methods:</b> The present analysis included 23,882 incident, primary lung cancer patients from 12 prospective cohort studies. Dietary calcium intake was assessed using food-frequency questionnaires at baseline in each cohort and standardized to caloric intake of 2,000 kcal/d for women and 2,500 kcal/d for men. Stratified, multivariable-adjusted Cox regression was applied to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).<b>Results:</b> The 5-year survival rates were 56%, 21%, and 5.7% for localized, regional, and distant stage lung cancer, respectively. Low prediagnostic dietary calcium intake (<500-600 mg/d, less than half of the recommendation) was associated with a small increase in risk of death compared with recommended calcium intakes (800-1,200 mg/d); HR (95% CI) was 1.07 (1.01-1.13) after adjusting for age, stage, histology, grade, smoking status, pack-years, and other potential prognostic factors. The association between low calcium intake and higher lung cancer mortality was evident primarily among localized/regional stage patients, with HR (95% CI) of 1.15 (1.04-1.27). No association was found for supplemental calcium with survival in the multivariable-adjusted model.<b>Conclusions:</b> This large pooled analysis is the first, to our knowledge, to indicate that low prediagnostic dietary calcium intake may be associated with poorer survival among early-stage lung cancer patients.<b>Impact:</b> This multinational prospective study linked low calcium intake to lung cancer prognosis. <i>Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(7); 1060-70. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Effect of cochlear implantation on middle ear function: A three‐month prospective study (2017)

4. Laryngoscope, 128:1207-1212, 2018.
Differentiate Backoff Mechanisms for Transmission Directions in IEEE 802.11 Multihop WLANs (2010)

Distributed Coordinate Functions (DCF) is the mandatory medium access method for IEEE 802.11 Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), which is designed for infrastructure WLANs where all end users connect with Access Point (AP) with single-hop links. DCF doubles its Contention Window (CW) before each retransmission. However, in multi-hops WLANs, a node may encounter different kinds of transmission failures from different transmission directions. In this paper, we will point out that, in some situations doubling CW before retransmitting makes DCF exploit the medium inefficiently. We also propose a method to resolve this problem by employing different backoff mechanisms for different transmission directions. NS-2 simulations demonstrate a significant throughput improvement of our enhanced MAC over the native MAC.
Optical Quantification of Caries-like Lesions in vitro by Use of a Fluorescent Dye (1990)

An experimental method was developed for measurement of the fluorescence intensity of a dye that was introduced into caries-like lesions in vitro. A distinct pattern of change of fluorescence intensity with time appeared, displaying a plateau value and a peak value for each measurement. Both plateau and peak values showed a linear correlation with calcium loss, as measured with longitudinal microradiography. The correlation coefficients were r = 0.87 for plateau values and r = 0.89 for peak values. The difference in scattering by dry and wet caries lesions was also measured with the same equipment, which showed a linear correlation with calcium loss of r = -0.53.
Natural and Acquired Epidermal Autoantibodies in Man (1974)

Abstract Sera from normal humans were cytotoxic to autologous and allogeneic epidermal cells. Sera from newborns were not cytotoxic, which is consistent with earlier results suggesting the gradual development of autoantibodies in animals. With anti-human IgG fluorescein-labeled conjugate staining, it was shown that the outer layers of the epidermis were stained by the natural autoantibody. No staining, however, was noted with sera from newborn cord blood. Another autoantibody induced by burns associated with autograft rejection was found to stain specifically the cells of the basal layer of the epidermis. The basal layer cells were not stained by HL-A antibodies. It is concluded that autoantibodies to the outer layers of the human epidermis occur naturally, and autoantibodies to the basal layer can be induced by burn injury associated with autograft rejection.
Mitochondrial defects in neurodegenerative disease (2001)

Over the past 12 years, a wide variety of neurodegenerative diseases has been linked to mutations in mitochondrial genes located in either the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) or the nuclear DNA (nDNA). These disorders encompass an array of unorthodox inheritance patterns and a plethora of symptoms ranging from lethal neonatal multi-symptom disorders to later onset myopathies, cardiomyopathies, movement disorders, and dementias. The bases for the genetic and phenotypic variability of mitochondrial diseases lie in the multiplicity of the mitochondria genes dispersed across the human genome and the variety of cellular pathways and functions in which the mitochondria play a central role.
CHEMICAL STUDIES ON CUCURBITA MOSCHATA DUCH. II. A SYNTHESIS OF CUCURBITINE (1962)

Cucurbitine, the active principle of Cucurbita moschata, which inhibited the growth of immature Schistosoma japonicum, was shown to be either 4-amino-3-carboxylpyrrolidine or 3-amino-3-carboxylpyrrolidine. Attempts have been made in the present work to synthesize these two compounds in order to find out which one is identical with the natural product.
1,3-Dicarbethoxy-4-pyrrolidone was converted into the corresponding oxime, which was hydrogenated and subsequently hydrolysed, giving 4-amino-3-carboxylpyrrolidine (Ⅰ). 1-Carbethoxy-3-pyrrolidone was treated with ammonium chloride and potassium cyanide, and then hydrolysed with hydrobromic acid, forming (±)-3-amino-3-carboxylpyrrolidine (Ⅱ). Since II was more likely to be identical with the natural product cucurbitine, it was resolved through the (+)-camphorate, and the laevo-isomer was obtained. Several derivatives of the laevo-compound were prepared and compared with the corresponding derivatives of cucurbitine. It was concluded that cucurbitine was (-)-3-amino-3-carboxylpyrrolidine, The dextro-compound, which was also isolated, was found to be inactive against Schistosoma.
A distributed fMRI-based signature for the subjective experience of fear (2021)

The specific neural systems underlying the subjective feeling of fear are debated in affective neuroscience. Here, we combine functional MRI with machine learning to identify and evaluate a sensitive and generalizable neural signature predictive of the momentary self-reported subjective fear experience across discovery (n = 67), validation (n = 20) and generalization (n = 31) cohorts. We systematically demonstrate that accurate fear prediction crucially requires distributed brain systems, with important contributions from cortical (e.g., prefrontal, midcingulate and insular cortices) and subcortical (e.g., thalamus, periaqueductal gray, basal forebrain and amygdala) regions. We further demonstrate that the neural representation of subjective fear is distinguishable from the representation of conditioned threat and general negative affect. Overall, our findings suggest that subjective fear, which exhibits distinct neural representation with some other aversive states, is encoded in distributed systems rather than isolated 'fear centers'.
Quantum Spin Dynamics of Mode-Squeezed Luttinger Liquids in Two-Component Atomic Gases (2008)

We report on the observation of many-body spin dynamics of interacting, one-dimensional (1D) ultracold bosonic gases with two spin states. By controlling the nonlinear atomic interactions close to a Feshbach resonance we are able to induce a phase diffusive many-body spin dynamics of the relative phase between the two components. We monitor this dynamical evolution by Ramsey interferometry, supplemented by a novel, many-body echo technique, which unveils the role of quantum fluctuations in 1D. We find that the time evolution of the system is well described by a Luttinger liquid initially prepared in a multimode squeezed state. Our approach allows us to probe the nonequilibrium evolution of one-dimensional many-body quantum systems.
Differential fates of invertase mutants in the yeast endoplasmic reticulum (2000)

A number of proteins have been identified as substrates for endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD) and we describe here a new model substrate with which to study this process. Two secretion-defective forms of yeast invertase that accumulated in the ER to greatly different levels were examined: Suc2-538p levels were low, while Suc2-533p was present in high amounts. Because Suc2-533p and Suc2-538p mRNA levels were comparable, we examined whether Suc2-538p was targeted for degradation. Both mutant polypeptide levels were unaffected in a yeast strain deficient in vacuolar protease activity and, additionally, we showed that Suc2-538p was stabilized in ERAD-deficient strains, demonstrating that Suc2-538p was a substrate for ERAD.
Continuous speech phoneme recognition using two stage probabilistic modelling (1994)

In this paper we address the problem of phoneme recognition in continuous speech using a two stage probabilistic modelling method. The sub-phonemic properties of a phoneme are represented in the first stage and the broad phonemic features are captured by the second stage. Homogeneous or inhomogeneous hidden Markov models (HMMs) can be used in each of the two stages for modelling. This method allows for modelling of context dependent durations of phonemes and subphonemes by using inhomogeneous HMMs (IHMMs). The performance of the new scheme with different combinations of HMM and IHMM in each stage is compared. The results of two experiments, one on a speaker independent TIMIT database and another on a speaker dependent database, are reported
Terahertz generation by plasma waves in nanometer gate high electron mobility transistors (2005)

Abstract A resonant voltage tuneable radiation (0.4 THz–1.0 THz) from the gated two dimensional electron gas in a 60 nm InGaAs field effect transistor was investigated. We show that (i) the observed emission appears once the drain‐to‐source voltage, U DS , exceeds the threshold value, U TH ; (ii) the resonant frequency can be tuned by U DS in agreement with the current driven plasma instability model of Dyakonov and Shur; (iii) by applying a quantizing magnetic field one increases U TH linearly with the magnetic field while the evolution of the emission signal is approximately a universal function of ( U DS – U TH ). (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A 1.6 GB/s data-rate 1 Gb synchronous DRAM with hierarchical square-shaped memory block and distributed bank architecture (2002)

This paper describes key technologies for a 1.6 GB/s high bandwidth 1 Gb synchronous DRAM (SDRAM). Its high data transfer rate and large memory capacity are intended for a unified memory system in which a single DRAM (array) is time-shared as both main memory and 3D graphics frame memory. 200 MHz operation is achieved by the hierarchical square-shaped memory block (SSMB) layout and the distributed bank (D-BANK) architecture. A built-in self-test (BIST) circuit with margin-test capability is included.
Design and Implementation of SmartAppGen (2017)

SmartAppGen is a set of frameworks to help generate knowledge-based applications from structured knowledge automatically. Structured knowledge can be provided in various formats, e.g. excel sheet, text, and XML.
The endometrium in stimulated cycles for IVF (2003)

Ovarian stimulation for IVF is known to affect luteal phase function. The endometrium in IVF cycles is thus subject to an altered endocrinological environment and to a possible direct effect of the ovarian stimulation therapy. Factors influencing the endometrial receptivity in such cycles are poorly understood. Studies comparing the endometrium in IVF cycles with natural cycles as controls have shown premature secretory changes in the post-ovulatory and early luteal phase of IVF cycles, followed by a large proportion of dyssynchronous glandular and stromal differentiation in the mid-luteal phase. These findings suggest a profound modification of luteal endometrial development in stimulated cycles. This hypothesis is further supported by the demonstration of a modified endometrial steroid receptor regulation and a profound antiproliferative effect in IVF cycles. The time of maximal endometrial receptivity is defined as the implantation window and is characterized by the expression of various endometrial products, among which pinopodes, integrins and leukaemia inhibitory factor are best described. Premature expression of pinopodes and integrins are in line with the observation of precocious luteal transformation following ovarian stimulation, although the clinical relevance with respect to the establishment of a clinical pregnancy awaits further validation. Studies exploring the endometrium within the cycle of embryo transfer have shown a deleterious effect of severe peri-ovulatory maturation advancement exceeding 3 days, as no clinical pregnancies were obtained in this condition. Further unravelling of molecules involved in the implantation mechanism is needed for a better comprehension of the link between altered endometrial development and receptivity in IVF cycles.
The Characterization of Hydroxyl Terminated Epoxidized Natural Rubber (HTENR) via Oxidation Degradation Method (2020)

The degradation of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR-50) and liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) was done via oxidative degradation method for the production of hydroxyl terminated epoxidized natural rubber (HTENR) and hydroxyl terminated liquid epoxidized natural rubber (HTLENR) has been analysed. Cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (CAA) were used as an oxidizing agent for chain scission reaction at temperature 60 C in the presence of ethanol. The reaction temperature was fixed at 60 C meanwhile reaction time and the amount of CAA were varied according to the reaction formulation. The HTENR and HTLENR obtained have been characterized using Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). GPC were used to determine the molecular weight before and after the oxidative degradation of respected HTENR and HTLENR were compared with ENR-50 and LENR. The lowest Mn and Mw of HTLENR that were obtained from the oxidative degradation method were found to be 5,163 g/mol and 58,087 g/mol. The appearances of OH end groups were verified by FTIR and NMR analyses to validate the position of each OH functional groups. FTIR analysis confirmed that HTENR and HTLENR contained OH group with the appearance of a broad peak around 3,400 cm-1 to 3,550 cm-1 after the reaction. The presence of OH end groups was verified by NMR analysis with the appearance at 3.39 ppm and 3.66 ppm, corresponding to methylene proton adjacent to hydroxyl group in HOCH2CH2CH2 and methane proton adjacent to OH group in CH2CH2CH(OH)CH3.
Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of human intestinal defensin 5 (1997)

Defensins are antibiotic peptides expressed in human and animal myeloid and epithelial cells. Due to the limited availability of natural peptides, the properties of human epithelial defensins have not been studied. We assayed the microbicidal activity of recombinant human intestinal defensin 5 (rHD-5) in the presence of salt (O to 150 mM NaCl) with varied pH (pH 5.5 to pH 8.5) and trypsin (25 and 250 microg/ml). rHD-5 exhibits microbicidal activity against Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. In contrast to cryptdins, the mouse intestinal defensins, rHD-5 is active against both mouse-virulent wild-type Salmonella typhimurium and its isogenic, mouse-avirulent phoP mutant. In the presence of salt, rHD-5 activity was reduced, and at 100 mM NaCl, activity against S. typhimurium was abolished. However, at all salt concentrations tested, rHD-5 remained bactericidal to L. monocytogenes. Activity against L. monocytogenes was not pH dependent but was diminished at pH 5.5 against wild-type S. typhimurium. This acid-induced resistance may have been mediated by the virulence gene regulator phoP, since the phoP mutant was equally sensitive at pH 5.5 and pH 7.4. In the presence of trypsin, rHD-5 was partially cleaved, but even then, rHD-5 at 100 microg/ml decreased the number of CFU of wild-type S. typhimurium by more than 99%. The persistence of microbicidal activity of rHD-5 under these conditions supports the notion that naturally occurring human intestinal defensin is an effective arm of mucosal host defense.
International borders and health, are they relevant in Northern Ireland? (1993)

(1993). International borders and health, are they relevant in Northern Ireland? Critical Public Health: Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 39-42.
Superior Path Planning Mechanism for Mobile Beacon-Assisted Localization in Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

In many wireless sensor network applications, such as warning systems or healthcare services, it is necessary to update the captured data with location information. A promising solution for statically deployed sensors is to benefit from mobile beacon-assisted localization. The main challenge is to design and develop an optimum path planning mechanism for a mobile beacon to decrease the required time for determining location, increase the accuracy of the estimated position, and increase the coverage. In this paper, we propose a novel superior path planning mechanism called Z-curve. Our proposed trajectory can successfully localize all deployed sensors with high precision and the shortest required time for localization. We also introduce critical metrics, including the ineffective position rate for further evaluation of mobile beacon trajectories. In addition, we consider an accurate and reliable channel model, which helps to provide more realistic evaluation. Z-curve is compared with five existing path planning schemes based on three different localization techniques such as weighted centroid localization and trilateration with time priority and accuracy priority. Furthermore, the performance of the Z-curve is evaluated at the presence of obstacles and Z-curve obstacle-handling trajectory is proposed to mitigate the obstacle problem on localization. Simulation results show the advantages of our proposed path planning scheme over the existing schemes.
A case of basal cell nevus syndrome with cleft of lip and uvula. (1990)

A case of basal cell nevus syndrome is reported. A 9-year-old girlvisited our clinic with a chief complaint of malocclusion. Clinically, multiple jaw cysts, a broad nasal root, ocular hypertelorism, palmer and planter pits, a cleft lip, bifid uvula, rib anomaly and pathologically a basal cell epithelioma were observed.In addition, she had a positive family history. From these findings, this case is diagnosed as basal cell nevus syndrome.
Switching anti-CGRP(R) monoclonal antibodies in multi-assessed non-responder patients and implications for ineffectiveness criteria: A retrospective cohort study (2023)

Switching anti-calcitonin gene related peptide monoclonal antibodies in selected patients might be an option to achieve or improve clinical benefit. More studies are required to establish the effectiveness of switching these treatments.
A spectrophotometric assay for 6-phosphogluconolactonase involving the use of immobilized enzymes to prepare the labile 6-phosphoglucono–δ-lactone substrate (1988)

We report the development of a new spectrophotometric assay for 6-phosphogluconolactonase. The labile substrate 6-phosphoglucono-delta-lactone is prepared from glucose 6-phosphate by enzymes co-immobilized on Sepharose beads. The assay has the advantages of high sensitivity for routine determination of enzyme activity and allows determination of both Km and Vmax. from a single assay. A method for estimating the contribution of spontaneous hydrolysis to total hydrolysis is described. This assay overcomes the problems encountered with all previous assays.
Theorem Proving (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are History, Status, and Future Prospects Propositional Logic Propositional Proof Procedures First‐order Logic First‐Order Proof Systems Equality Other Logics Current Research Areas Acknowledgment
The Economics of 5G and the Mobile Economy (2021)

Disruptive digital infrastructure is changing the landscape of the new economy. This research presents the first empirical analysis of how the development of an important digital infrastructure, a 5G high-speed network, reshapes mobile app consumption. We compile a new and unique dataset comprising mobile app consumption along with local 5G infrastructure buildout data across 30 major cities in China across a 12-month period in 2019. Our econometric analysis provides strong and robust evidence that digital infrastructure has a significant positive spillover effect on mobile app consumption. Such an effect is moderated by app categories—bandwidth-intensive and latency-sensitive apps benefit the most. Moreover, we find that the potential mechanisms have to do with increased 5G phone adoption and the commercialization of the 5G mobile plan. Furthermore, our post hoc analyses show that developing 5G infrastructure can help mitigate the digital divide between the most developed cities and less developed cities and can lead to significant positive economic outcomes.
Shrink‐resist Finishing of Wool Materials with Polyurethane (1970)

The application of polyurethane films to wool textiles by polymerisation of isocyanates in organic‐solvent systems provides a convenient and economical way of imparting shrink resistance to wool fabric. Methods of application and a description of this relatively new technology are given, with particular reference to the factors affecting the reactivity of polymeric isocyanate materials.
LaMnO3 Fine Powder Prepared by the Thermal Decomposition of a Heteronuclear Complex, LaMn(dhbaen)(OH)(NO3)(H2O)4 (1999)

Abstract The heteronuclear LaMn(dhbaen)(OH)(NO3)(H2O)4 complex was synthesized and perovskite-type hexagonal LaMnO3 was obtained by its thermal decomposition at 700 °C. Particle size of the samples decomposed at 600 °C and 700 °C is ca. 20 nm and 50 nm, respectively.