gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Thiazolidinones Spiro‐Fused to Indolin‐2‐ones as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase B (2010)

Das beste aus 40 000: Detaillierte Untersuchungen zur Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehung enthüllten Schlüsselstrukturelemente von Indolin-2-on-3-spirothiazolidinonen (siehe Beispiel) und deren für eine starke Inhibierung des pathophysiologisch wichtigen Titelproteins geeignete Konfiguration. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Observation of Vibronic-Coupling-Mediated Energy Transfer in Light-Harvesting Nanotubes Stabilized in a Solid-State Matrix (2018)

Ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy is employed to obtain real-time structural information on energy transport in double-walled light-harvesting nanotubes at room temperature, stabilized in a host matrix to mimic the rigid scaffolds of natural light-harvesting systems. We observe evidence of a low-frequency vibrational mode at 315 cm<sup>-1</sup>, which transfers excitons from the outer wall of the nanotubes to a crossing point through which energy transfer to the inner wall can occur. This mode is furthermore absent in solution phase. Importantly, the coherence of this mode is not transferred to the inner wall upon energy transfer and is only present on the outer wall's excited-state energy surface, highlighting that complete energy transfer between the outer and inner walls does not take place. Isolation of the individual walls of the nanotubes provides evidence that this mode corresponds to a supramolecular motion of the nanotubes. Our results emphasize the importance of the solid-state environment in modulating vibronic coupling and directing energy transfer in molecular light-harvesting systems.
Review on the Applications of Deep Learning in the Analysis of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Images (2019)

Gastrointestinal (GI) disease is one of the most common diseases and primarily examined by GI endoscopy. Recently, deep learning (DL), in particular convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have made achievements in GI endoscopy image analysis. This review focuses on the applications of DL methods in the analysis of GI images. We summarized and compared the latest published literature related to the common clinical GI diseases and covers the key applications of DL in GI image detection, classification, segmentation, recognition, location, and other tasks. At the end, we give a discussion on the challenges and the research directions of GI image analysis based on DL in the future.
Damage detection for a frame structure model using vibration displacement measurement (2012)

A structural parameter identification and damage detection approach using displacement measurement time series is proposed, and the performance of the approach is validated experimentally with a frame structure model in a healthy condition and with joint connection damages. The dynamic displacement response of the frame structure under base excitation is measured by noncontact laser displacement sensors. The proposed approach is carried out using two neural networks: one is called displacement-based neural network emulator (DNNE) and the other is called parametric evaluation neural network (PENN). First, the theoretical basis and the selection of the input and output of the DNNE and the PENN are explained, and second, an identification index called root mean square (RMS) of prediction displacement difference vector (RMSPDDV) is defined. The performance of the proposed methodology for damage detection of the frame structure model with different joint damage scenarios introduced by loosening the bolts connecting the beams and columns is investigated with the direct use of displacement measurement under base excitations. The results from the proposed time domain displacement-based identification approach are compared with them based on the extracted frequencies and show that the proposed time domain methodology can identify the variation of interstory stiffness due to the joint damage with acceptable accuracy without any modal shapes and frequencies extracted from a dynamic test. The proposed approach provides an alternative way for damage detection of engineering structures by the direct use of structural dynamic displacement measurements.
AP2&gamma; Regulates Basal Progenitor Fate and Upper Layer Neuron Specification in the Mouse Cerebral Cortex (1970)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
A Prototyping Platform to Validate and Verify Network Service Header-based Service Chains (2018)

Network service header (NSH) is considered to be a key enabler for the wide adoption of service function chaining (SFC), but the availability of NSH-enabled components, such as network functions, forwarders, or classifiers, is still very limited. One reason for this is the lack of experimentation and prototyping platforms for NSH. This paper aims to rectify this shortcoming by introducing a novel prototyping platform for NSH. Our platform uses an emulation-based approach to build a lightweight environment for containerized network functions and allows to create complex SFC experiments and prototypes, as we show in our evaluation. The presented platform is publicly available and aims to be a rapid prototyping tool for researchers and developers.
Space science applications for conducting polymer particles: synthetic mimics for cosmic dust and micrometeorites (2015)

Over the last decade or so, a range of polypyrrole-based particles have been designed and evaluated for space science applications. This electrically conductive polymer enables such particles to efficiently acquire surface charge, which in turn allows their acceleration up to the hypervelocity regime (>1 km s(-1)) using a Van de Graaff accelerator. Either organic latex (e.g. polystyrene or poly(methyl methacrylate)) or various inorganic materials (such as silica, olivine or pyrrhotite) can be coated with polypyrrole; these core-shell particles are useful mimics for understanding the hypervelocity impact ionisation behaviour of micro-meteorites (a.k.a. cosmic dust). Impacts on metal targets at relatively low hypervelocities (<10 km s(-1)) generate ionic plasma composed mainly of molecular fragments, whereas higher hypervelocities (>10 km s(-1)) generate predominately atomic species, since many more chemical bonds are cleaved if the particles impinge with higher kinetic energy. Such fundamental studies are relevant to the calibration of the cosmic dust analyser (CDA) onboard the Cassini spacecraft, which was designed to determine the chemical composition of Saturn's dust rings. Inspired by volcanism observed for one of the Jupiter's moons (Io), polypyrrole-coated sulfur-rich latexes have also been designed to help space scientists understand ionisation spectra originating from sulfur-rich dust particles. Finally, relatively large (20 μm diameter) polypyrrole-coated polystyrene latexes have proven to be useful for understanding the extent of thermal ablation of organic projectiles when fired at ultralow density aerogel targets at up to 6.1 km s(-1) using a Light Gas Gun. In this case, the sacrificial polypyrrole overlayer simply provides a sensitive spectroscopic signature (rather than a conductive overlayer), and the scientific findings have important implications for the detection of organic dust grains during the Stardust space mission.
Collective strategy for obstacle navigation during cooperative transport by ants (2016)

Abstract Group cohesion and consensus have primarily been studied in the context of discrete decisions, but some group tasks require making serial decisions that build on one another. We examine such collective problem solving by studying obstacle navigation during cooperative transport in ants. In cooperative transport, a group of ants works together to move a large object back to their nest. We blocked cooperative transport groups of Paratrechinal longicornis with obstacles of varying complexity, analyzing groups trajectories to infer what kind of strategy the ants employed. Simple strategies require little information, but more challenging, robust strategies succeed with a wider range of obstacles. We found that transport groups use a stochastic strategy that leads to efficient navigation around simple obstacles, and still succeeds at difficult ones. While groups navigating obstacles preferentially move directly toward the nest, they change their behavior over time; the longer the ants are obstructed, the more likely they are to move away from the nest. This increases the chance of finding a path around the obstacle. Groups rapidly changed directions and rarely stalled during navigation, indicating that these ants maintain consensus even when the nest direction is blocked. While some decisions were aided by the arrival of new ants, at many key points direction changes were initiated within the group, with no apparent external cause. This ant species is highly effective at navigating complex environments, and implements a flexible strategy that works quickly for simple obstacles and still succeeds with complex obstacles.
A Flight Control System Architecture for the NASA AirSTAR Flight Test Infrastructure (2008)

A flight control system architecture for the NASA AirSTAR infrastructure has been designed to address the challenges associated with safe and efficient flight testing of research control laws in adverse flight conditions. The AirSTAR flight control system provides a flexible framework that enables NASA Aviation Safety Program research objectives, and includes the ability to rapidly integrate and test research control laws, emulate component or sensor failures, inject automated control surface perturbations, and provide a baseline control law for comparison to research control laws and to increase operational efficiency. The current baseline control law uses an angle of attack command augmentation system for the pitch axis and simple stability augmentation for the roll and yaw axes.
Variable Scaling Hybrid Differential Evolution for Solving Network Reconfiguration of Distribution Systems (2005)

This paper presents an effective method-variable scaling hybrid differential evolution (VSHDE)-for solving the network reconfiguration for power loss reduction and voltage profit enhancement of distribution systems. The network reconfiguration of distribution systems is to beneficially recognize load transfers so that the objective function composed of power losses is minimized and the prescribed voltage limits are satisfied. The variable scaling factor based on the 1/5 success rule is used in the VSHDE method to overcome the drawback of the fixed and random scaling factor and alleviate the problem of the selection of a mutation operator in the hybrid differential evolution (HDE). One three-feeder distribution system from the literature and one practical distribution network of Taiwan Power Company (TPC) are used to compare the performance of the proposed method with the HDE, genetic algorithms (GAs), and simulated annealing (SA). Numerical results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the other methods.
Large-scale offloading in the Internet of Things (2017)

Large-scale deployments of IoT devices are subject to energy and performance issues. Fortunately, offloading is a promising technique to enhance those aspects. However, several problems still remain open regarding cloud deployment and provisioning. In this paper, we address the problem of provisioning offloading as a service in large-scale IoT deployments. We design and develop an AutoScaler, an essential component for our offloading architecture to handle offloading workload. In addition, we also develop an offloading simulator to generate dynamic offloading workload of multiple devices. With this toolkit, we study the effect of task acceleration in different cloud servers and analyze the capacity of several cloud servers to handle multiple concurrent requests. We conduct multiple experiments in a real testbed to evaluate the system and present our experiences and lessons learned. From the results, we find that the AutoScaler component introduces a very small overhead of ≈150 milliseconds in the total response time of a request, which is a fair price to pay to empower the offloading architectures with multi-tenancy ability and dynamic horizontal scaling for IoT scenarios.
Transiting aircraft parameter estimation using underwater acoustic sensor data (1999)

Sound from an airborne source travels to a receiver beneath the sea surface via a geometric path that is most simply described using ray theory, where the atmosphere and the sea are assumed to be isospeed sound propagation media separated by a planar surface (the air-sea interface). This theoretical approach leads to the development of a time-frequency model for the signal received by a single underwater acoustic sensor and a time-delay model for the signals received by a pair of spatially separated underwater acoustic sensors. The validity of these models is verified using spatially averaged experimental data recorded from a linear array of hydrophones during various transits of a turboprop aircraft. The same approach is used to solve the inverse time-frequency problem, that is, estimation of the aircraft's speed, altitude, and propeller blade rate given the observed variation with time of the instantaneous frequency of the received signal. Similarly, the inverse time-delay problem is considered whereby the speed and altitude of the aircraft are estimated using the differential time-of-arrival information from each of two adjacent pairs of widely spaced hydrophones (with one hydrophone being common to each pair). It is found that the solutions to each of the inverse problems provide reliable estimates of the speed and altitude of the aircraft, with the inverse time-frequency method also providing an estimate that closely matches the actual propeller blade rate.
Simulation study on ion extraction from electron cyclotron resonance ion sources (1994)

In order to study beam optics of NIRS-ECR ion source used in the HIMAC project, the EGUN code has been modified to make it capable of modeling ion extraction from a plasma. Two versions of the modified code are worked out with two different methods in which 1D and 2D sheath theories are used, respectively. Convergence problem of the strong nonlinear self-consistent equations is investigated. Simulations on NIRS-ECR ion source and HYPER-ECR ion source are presented in this paper, exhibiting an agreement with the experiment results.
Chirurgie hépatique assistée par ordinateur : de la modélisation 3D préopératoire au guidage peropératoire (2011)

La chirurgie représente le meilleur taux de survie pour les cancers hépatiques. Le traitement d’images médicales peut apporter une importante amélioration dans la prise en charge en guidant le geste chirurgical. Nous présentons ici une nouvelle procédure chirurgicale assistée par ordinateur incluant la modélisation 3D préopératoire du patient, suivie par une planification chirurgicale virtuelle et finalisée par un guidage peropératoire réalisé par réalité augmentée (RA). Les premières évaluations incluant des applications cliniques valident le bénéfice attendu. La prochaine étape consistera à automatiser le système de réalité augmentée peropératoire par le développement d’une salle d’opération hybride.
New features and applications of the H.264 video coding standard (2003)

This paper provides a brief overview of the H.264 video coding standard, focusing on its new features and applications. Outperforming all the previous standards over a wide range of bit-rates, H.264 is expected to flood the market in a large number of applications ranging from the real-time conversational services, to TV broadcasting or Internet streaming. At the basis of its high performance there is: a layered structure, improving the network friendliness; the adoption of clean and simple solutions enabling efficient implementations; the capability of allowing flexible delays for a variety of services; in addition to a powerful set of tools maximizing the coding efficiency.
Outcome prediction value of critical area perfusion score for acute basilar artery occlusion (2022)

CAPS was the most accurate imaging-based outcome predictor in acute BAO patients. Future large prospective multicenter studies are needed to verify these results.
Effect of inter-element spacing on scan-range of microstrip-patch, and microstrip-dipole reflectarrays (2016)

In this work, we have demonstrated that a tight coupling between array elements can be used to realize wide-scanning reflectarrays. Furthermore, it has been shown that microstrip dipole is better than microstrip patch in terms of scan range for the same inter-element spacing.
Conversion Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer—The Impact of Neoadjuvant Treatment (2020)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has still a dismal prognosis, mainly because only 15-20% of all patients present with resectable tumor stages at the time of diagnosis. Due to locally extended tumor growth or distant metastases upfront resection is not reasonable in the majority of patients. Considerably, PDAC will be the 2nd most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths within the next 10 years for both men and women. While there is currently no convincing evidence for the use of neoadjuvant therapy in resectable PDAC, there are controversial results from studies investigating neoadjuvant treatment concepts in borderline resectable PDAC (BR-PDAC). However, the definition of BR-PDAC is a topic of debate. While BR-PDAC has originally been defined on merely anatomical criteria, the International Association of Pancreatology (IAP) has recently suggested a broader definition based on a combination of anatomical (A) findings, biological (B) criteria (which reflect tumor aggressiveness), and conditional (C) aspects (which respect host-related condition). In case of BR-PDAC with venous invasion alone, upfront resection is generally recommended whenever technically possible in patients fit for surgery and without evidence for lymph node metastases. In contrast, in case of arterial invasion neoadjuvant therapy is regarded as the treatment of choice. The same accounts for high CA 19-9 levels, suspected or proven lymph node involvement and poor performance status. In locally advanced PDAC (LA-PDAC), neoadjuvant treatment represents the standard of care resulting in proportionally high rates of secondary resection. This "conversion" surgery offers the chance for improved survival times in an otherwise palliative situation. Herein, we summarize the current evidence of different treatment strategies for pancreatic cancer with a focus on conversion surgery and the impact of neoadjuvant treatment in this setting.
Molecular Orientation and Layer Structure in Electroclinic Liquid Crystals by Time Resolved X-ray Micro-Diffraction (2005)

The electroclinic effect has attracted much attention as a pre-transition phenomenon in the chiral smectic A (SmA) phase near the SmA-Smectic C* (SmC*) phase transition. With the application of an electric field along the layer, SmA molecules tilt in a plane perpendicular to the applied field. The molecular response in the electroclinic effect has been discussed based on the electro-optical measurement in which the h-chevron (book shelf structure) is assumed. To observe the dynamic response of the local layer structure in the smectic liquid crystal under the external field, time-resolved synchrotron X-ray micro- diffraction has been successfully used [1]. In the previous study [2], it is revealed that the vertical-chevron is realized at the low electric field while the compound chevron which consists of vertical-chevron and the horizontal-chevron is generated at the high field. In this report, the temporal and spatial distributions of the molecular orientation as well as the layer structure is analyzed directly by the time resolved high-angle micro X-ray halo pattern together with the small angle layer reflection in the electroclinic effect.
Opportunistic Sharing Between Rotating Radar and Cellular (2012)

This paper considers opportunistic primary-secondary spectrum sharing when the primary is a rotating radar. A secondary device is allowed to transmit when its resulting interference will not exceed the radar's tolerable level, in contrast to current approaches that prohibit secondary transmissions if radar signals are detected at any time. We consider the case where an OFDMA based secondary system operates in non-contiguous cells, as might occur with a broadband hotspot service, or a cellular system that uses spectrum shared with radar to supplement its dedicated spectrum. It is shown that even fairly close to a radar, extensive secondary transmissions are possible, although with some interruptions and fluctuations as the radar rotates. For example, at 27% of the distance at which secondary transmissions will not affect the radar, on average, the achievable secondary data rates in down- and upstreams are around 100% and 63% of the one that will be achieved in dedicated spectrum, respectively. Moreover, extensive secondary transmissions are still possible even at different values of key system parameters, including cell radius, transmit power, tolerable interference level, and radar rotating period. By evaluating quality of service, it is found that spectrum shared with radar could be used efficiently for applications such as non-interactive video on demand, peer-to-peer file sharing, file transfers, automatic meter reading, and web browsing, but not for applications such as real-time transfers of small files and VoIP.
Trust representation and aggregation in a distributed agent system (2006)

This paper considers a distributed system of software agents who cooperate in helping their users to find services, provided by different agents. The agents need to ensure that the service providers they select are trustworthy. Because the agents are autonomous and there is no central trusted authority, the agents help each other determine the trustworthiness of the service providers they are interested in. This help is rendered via a series of referrals to other agents, culminating in zero or more trustworthy service providers being identified.

A trust network is a multiagent system where each agent potentially rates the trustworthiness of another agent. This paper develops a formal treatment of trust networks. At the base is a recently proposed representation of trust via a probability certainty distribution. The main contribution of this paper is the definition of two operators, concatenation and aggregation, using which trust ratings can be combined in a trust network. This paper motivates and establishes some important properties regarding these operators, thereby ensuring that trust can be combined correctly. Further, it shows that effects of malicious agents, who give incorrect information, are limited.