gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-Way Reversible Shape Memory in a Semicrystalline Network (2007)

Cooling-induced crystallization of cross-linked poly(cyclooctene) films under a tensile load results in significant elongation and subsequent heating to melt the network reverses this elongation (contracting), yielding a net two-way shape memory (2W-SM) effect. The influence of cross-linking density on the thermal transitions, mechanical properties, and the related 2W-SM effect was studied by varying the concentration of cross-linking agent dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), gel fraction measurements, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), and customized 2W-SM analysis. The latter showed that there is crystallization-induced elongation on cooling and melting-induced shrinkage on heating (2W-SM), with lower cross-link density leading to higher elongation at the same applied stress. For a given cross-link density, however, increasing the tensile stress applied during cooling resulted in greater stress-induced crystallization. We further observed that the onset temperatures for elongation on cooling (Tc) and contraction on heating (Tm) shifted to higher temperatures with decreasing cross-link density. Similarly, the degree of molecular orientation achieved upon deformation was found to increase with decreasing cross-link density. The impact of stress on the 2W-SM effect was examined using wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), revealing a transition from bimodal to unimodal orientation. As the crystalline structure evolves from bimodal (low stress) to unimodal (high stress), the crystallization occurs along a single preferred orientation thus inducing greater elongation along the stretching direction. We anticipate that the observed 2W-SM property in a semicrystalline network will enable applications heretofore possible only with costly shape memory alloys and liquid crystalline elastomers.
Anaphora (2019)

Abstract This chapter presents LFG analyses for different types of anaphora. Section 14.1 discusses how incorporated pronominal elements behave differently from elements that alternate with agreement markers, and the ways in which these differ from morphologically independent pronouns. Anaphoric relations and binding patterns have been the subject of much research within the LFG framework; Section 14.2 discusses positive and negative constraints on anaphoric binding stated in terms of structural relations holding at f-structure, and Section 14.3 discusses prominence relations which hold between the anaphor and its potential antecedents stated at f-structure as well as other linguistic levels. A glue-theoretic treatment of the semantics of anaphoric binding is presented in Section 14.4, modeled using a version of Discourse Representation Theory. This semantic treatment will be drawn upon in subsequent chapters, particularly in the discussion of anaphoric control in Chapter 15.
Design of a faithful LNS interpolator (2002)

A design is given for a quadratic interpolator needed by the logarithmic number system (LNS). Unlike previous LNS designs that have attempted to produce results consistently better than a floating-paint representation of the same word size (32 bits), the design goal is to minimize memory requirements and system complexity, at the expense of a slight increase in approximation error. Simulation results have shown this goal causes only a modest impact on overall accuracy, but the memory savings are significant. Despite a slight increase in error compared to prior LNS implementations, on average, the error is still less than conventional number representations satisfying the IEEE-754 standard. Proposed applications for the interpolator include multimedia, signal processing, graphics and reconfigurable computing.
Measurement of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity in the Bandelier Tuff at Los Alamos (1995)

Hydraulic conductivities, K, were experimentally determined as a function of volumetric water content, {theta}, in Bandelier Tuff cores from Los Alamos, New Mexico. These data were used to determine the feasibility of applying a new unsaturated flow technology (UFA{trademark}) to further hydrologic studies of tuffaceous rocks at Los Alamos. The K({theta}) relationships for eight cores of Bandelier Tuff from boreholes AAA and AAB were measured using the UFA and, together with their in situ water contents, were used to determine transient water flux into these samples at the time of sampling. If the system is at steady-state, then these flux values correspond to the recharge through those points, a situation often encountered in semi-arid to arid regions such as Los Alamos and other sites in the western United States. Samples AAA 9956, AAB 0011, AAB 0012 and AAB 0040 exhibited fluxes of 6 x 10{sup -8} cm/s, 4.8 x 10{sup -7} cm/s, 2.8 x 10{sup -7} cm/s and 2.4 x 10{sup -8} cm/s, respectively, indicating significant flux. Samples AAB 0063, AAB 0065, AAB 0072 and AAB 0081 had very low water contents suggesting fluxes less than 10{sup -10} cm/s, and appear to be close to their residual water contents. Assuming that the samples AAB 0063, AAB 0065, AAB 0072 and AAB 0081 were not accidentally dried out during handling, these results imply that these samples have zero recharge and that redistribution of moisture at these horizons is controlled more by vapor diffusion than by advection. The vapor diffusivities in these cores can be determined using the new UFA gas permeameter. Samples AAA 9956, AAB 0011, AAB 0012 and AAB 0040 appear to be controlled by advection.
Characterization of yeast‐expressed β‐actins, site‐specifically mutated at the tumor‐related residue Gly245 (1992)

The tumorigenic cell line HUT14 expresses a beta-actin carrying a mutation at position 245. In this study, two mutant beta-actins with amino acid changes at position 245 replacing the wild-type glycine by an aspartic acid and a lysine residue, respectively, were produced in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, purified to homogeneity and characterized with respect to polymerization behaviour and interaction with myosin. The major functional effect of these mutations appears to be an impaired polymerization, while the interaction with myosin seems less influenced. In addition, the results also suggest the presence of a Ca(2+)-binding site in the region of residue 245 in actin.
Beta-Adrenergic Stimulation of Growth Hormone Release from Perifused Rat Anterior Pituitary Cells (1983)

Perifusion of dispersed rat anterior pituitary cells with pulses of the beta-adrenergic agonists isoproterenol and epinephrine resulted in a prompt, but brief, rise in growth hormone release. This effect was blocked by propranolol, a beta-adrenergic antagonist, but not phentolamine, an alpha-adrenergic antagonist. These results, in conjunction with other recent reports, suggest that epinephrine may act directly at the anterior pituitary gland as a physiological growth hormone-releasing factor.
Design and analysis of a high-performance sense amplifier for phase-change memory (2011)

This paper presents a high-performance sense amplifier and its operation method for phase change memory (PCM). The proposed structure includes pre-charge circuit, judgment circuit, bias circuit and discharge circuit. Correspondingly, the read process includes four steps of pre-charging, relaxing, sensing and discharging. Simulation results show that the proposed sense amplifier can read out the cell status efficiently in 180ns both at low resistance (10K ohm) and high resistance (100K ohm) with the parasitic capacitance of 20pF. It will be used in 40nm 1Gbit phase change memory chip.
Relation between Volume Expansion and Hydrogen Bond Networks for CO2−Alcohol Mixtures at 40 °C (2010)

We experimentally determined the density and mole fraction of CO(2) (x(CO(2))) for CO(2)-alcohol (methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, isopropyl alcohol, and tert-butyl alcohol) mixtures and performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study the mechanisms of volume expansion at 40 °C. The volume as calculated by vapor-liquid equilibrium (VLE) data increased with decreasing alkyl chain length, although there was no effect of branched alkyl groups. Analysis of the hydrogen bond network showed that the average number of hydrogen bonds per alcohol molecule decreased with increasing branched methyl groups. At pure alcohol condition, large size hydrogen bond networks were made. With further addition of CO(2) molecules, it became difficult to contain the large hydrogen bond networks. Furthermore, the hydrogen bond networks changed to a cyclic pentamer or tetramer, and volume expansion occurred.
Antibody-Drug Conjugates (ADC) Against Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSC)—Is There Still Room for Optimism? (2019)

Cancer stem-like cells (CSC) represent a subpopulation of tumor cells with peculiar functionalities that distinguish them from the bulk of tumor cells, most notably their tumor-initiating potential and drug resistance. Given these properties, it appears logical that CSCs have become an important target for many pharma companies. Antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) have emerged over the last decade as one of the most promising new tools for the selective ablation of tumor cells. Three ADCs have already received regulatory approval and many others are in different phases of clinical development. Not surprisingly, also a considerable number of anti-CSC ADCs have been described in the literature and some of these have entered clinical development. Several of these ADCs, however, have yielded disappointing results in clinical studies. This is similar to the results obtained with other anti-CSC drug candidates, including native antibodies, that have been investigated in the clinic. In this article we review the anti-CSC ADCs that have been described in the literature and, in the following, we discuss reasons that may underlie the failures in clinical trials that have been observed. Possible reasons relate to the biology of CSCs themselves, including their heterogeneity, the lack of strictly CSC-specific markers, and the capacity to interconvert between CSCs and non-CSCs; second, inherent limitations of some classes of cytotoxins that have been used for the construction of ADCs; third, the inadequacy of animal models in predicting efficacy in humans. We conclude suggesting some possibilities to address these limitations.
Using diffuse optical tomograpy to monitor tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients (2013)

Breast cancer patients often undergo neoadjuvant chemotherapy to reduce the size of the tumor before surgery. Tumors which demonstrate a pathologic complete response associate with improved disease-free survival; however, as low as 10% of patients may achieve this status. The goal is to predict response to anti-cancer therapy early, so as to develop personalized treatments and optimize the patient’s results. Previous studies have shown that tumor response can be predicted within a few days of treatment initiation. We have developed a diffuse optical tomography (DOT) imaging system for monitoring the response of breast cancer patients to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our breast imaging system is a continuous wave system that uses four wavelengths in the near-infrared spectrum (765 nm, 808 nm, 827 nm, and 905 nm). Both breasts are imaged simultaneously with a total of 64 sources and 128 detectors. Three dimensional reconstructions for oxy-hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]), deoxy-hemoglobin ([Hb]) concentrations, and water are performed using a PDE-constrained multispectral imaging method that uses the diffusion approximation as a model for light propagation. Each patient receives twelve weekly treatments of Taxane followed by four cycles of Doxorubicin and Cyclophosphamide (AC) given every other week. There are six DOT imaging time points: baseline, week 3 and 5 of Paclitaxel, before cycle 1 and 2 of AC, and before surgery. Preliminary results show that there is statistical significance for the percent change of [HbO2], [Hb], [HbT], and percent water at week 2 from the baseline between patients with a pathologic response to chemotherapy.
Ultrastaging of the sentinel node (2022)

This chapter provides an up-to-date discussion of the virtues and flaws of these different methods and to present practical guidelines for the sentinel node (SN) investigation in gynecologic cancers. Accurate and efficient intraoperative assessment of the SN by the pathologist may be done by frozen-section analysis, usually a single hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) frozen section. Imprint slides can simply be produced from lymph nodes by firmly pressing the cut surface to a glass slide. In a postoperative and intraoperative setting, the May-Grünwald-Giemsa and Quickdiff stains, respectively, allow detection of metastatic cells. The SNs are fixed in neutral buffered formaldehyde and completely embedded after lamellating them according to their size. A few studies have explored the possibility of ultrasonographically guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) to detect SN metastases. Flow cytometry (FCM) is a technique of measuring the properties of cells in suspension after staining with a fluorescent dye.
The influence of kiln temperature on the performance of handheld moisture meters. (1990)

On examine les effets des hautes temperatures sur les performances d'humidimetres portatifs utilises dans les etuves de sechage du bois. Les resultats indiquent que les temperatures maximales de sechage ne necessitent pas de correction des resultats enregistres
Concept for a 16-QAM RF Transmitter on Flexible Substrate using a Graphene Technology (2019)

This paper presents a 2.4 GHz transmitter on a flexible substrate using a graphene process. The four-way mixerless transmitter architecture is used to obtain high quality complex modulated signal. Key components such as Metal-insulator-graphene (MIG) diodes have been fabricated. Measured impedances of the flexible MIG diodes are used to simulate the transmitter performance and to evaluate the quality of the transmitted output signals. Simulated EVM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> of 4.16% is obtained for the 16-QAM modulation at the centre frequency.
Artificial turf and environmental issues [Tuscany] (2006)

The official acceptance by sports governing bodies such as LND (Italian Amateur League) and UEFA (Union of European Football Associations) has prompted a tidal wave of artificial pitches construction and homologation and now more than ever a discussion on the pros and cons of this type of pitch seems necessary. The aspects in favour of artificial grass are to be found in the quality and resilience to wear of the playing surface, in the monetary and management advantages, in the improved performance and sanitary quality of the new thermo-plastic infill materials, in the high playing quality of the surface and, finally, in the safety of play for athletes in terms of injuries. On the other hand, negative aspects remain, mainly concerning the doubts on the environmental impact of building and infill materials, some economic, technical and management difficulties, the mode of playing the games that certainly differs from natural turfgrass pitches and, finally, some concerns regarding players health. A recent alternative system that is currently being evaluated is the hybrid natural-artificial turf. This is a technique for rapidly converting artificial turf to natural turf, thus solving many of the intrinsic problems of artificial grass. Because of all the above mentioned aspects, it is worth to remind the benefits of using natural turfgrass and the recent innovative techniques that could increase natural turfgrass quality, hence lowering the demand for artificial pitches for sports use
OP15.02: Myocardial damage in the fetus with complete atrioventricular block caused by maternal anti‐SSA antibody (2014)

Maternal anti-SSA antibody not only damage the atrio-ventricular node and cause atrioventricula block (AVB), but also damage the other part of fetal heart such as myocarditis and endocardial fibroelastosis (EFE). Several previous reports showed these fetal myocardic damage and EFE were important risk factors to decide prognosis, and maternal administration of steroid may improve the outcome. Hence, we reviewed our experience of the incidence of these cardiac damages and effect of fetal treatment. We reviewed all 10 cases of fetal AVB with maternal positive anti-SSA antibody from 2000 to 2013 in our institution. Medical records in pre and postnatal period and echocardiographic images were retrospectively collected. Pericardial effusion, reduced ventricular contraction, EFE, mitral regurgitation, and arrhythmias were considered as signs of fetal cardiac damages. First detections of fetal AVB were ranged from 19-24 weeks of gestation. 4 cases were associated fetal hydrops. Two died in neonatal period due to congestive heart failure. All 10 cases had at least one sign of cardiac damage. 4 cases had abnormal myocardium: 2 with high-echogenesity, 2 with spongy myocardium. 8 cases had pericardial effusion; 1 severe, 2 moderate, 5 small amount. 5 cases had obvious EFE finding. 8 cases had mitral regurgitation; 1 severe, 2 moderate, 5 mild. 6 cases had ventricular paroxysmal contraction; 1 with ventricular tachycardia, 2 with prolonged bigeminy. 2 cases had atrial flutter. All 10 underwent maternal administration of steroid for fetal treatment. 6 cases improved the sign of cardiac damage, and 3 cases improved fetal hydropse after fetal treatment. All cases of fetal CAVB caused by maternal anti-SSA antibody had sigs of fetal myocardial or endocardial damage. Maternal administration of steroid improved the cardiac damages in some cases. Cardiac damage is one of the important targets for managing fetus with CAVB.
Association of aminopeptidase N and endopeptidase 24.15 inhibitors potentiate behavioral effects mediated by nociceptin/orphanin FQ in mice (1997)

The behavioral effects induced by central administration in mice of the endogenous ORL1 (opioid receptor-like1) ligand, nociceptin/orphanin FQ, were investigated in the absence or presence of inhibitors of aminopeptidase N (bestatin) and endopeptidase 24.15 (Z-(L,D)Phe psi(PO2CH2)(L,D)Ala-Arg-Phe) recently shown to be involved in the metabolism of the heptadecapeptide in vitro. A severe reduction in motor activity induced by nociceptin/orphanin FQ was measured in two tests (spontaneous motor activity and open field). This pharmacological effect was shown to be potentiated by the association of bestatin and Z-(L,D)Phe psi(PO2CH2)(L,D)Ala-Arg-Phe, confirming in vivo the involvement of these peptidases in nociceptin/orphanin FQ inactivation. In our conditions, these inhibitors were devoid of intrinsic effects, suggesting a low tonic regulation by the heptadecapeptide of the measured behaviour.
GPS orbit determination at the National Geodetic Survey (1992)

R e National Geodetic Survey (NGS) independently gener&amp;amp;e.v preche ephemerides for all avail-able Global Posilioning System (GPS) satellites. Beginning in 1991, these ephemerides have been pro-duced from doubk-di8erencedpha.w observalions solely from the Cooperative International GPS Network (CIGNET) tracking sites. The doubk-difference technique combines simultaneous observationr of two sate&amp;amp;s from two ground stations effectively eliminuting satellite and ground receiver clock errors, and the Selective Availabilitj (SIA) signal degradation currently in eflect. CIGNET is a global GPS tracking network whose primary purpose is to provide data for orbit production. The CIGNET data w e cokcted daily ul NGS and are available to the public. Each ephmeris covers a single week and is avuilable within o m month after the &amp;amp;a were taken.
Preliminary design of foldable reconfigurable reflectarray for Ku-band satellite communication (2010)

This paper presents the recent activities carried out in the framework of the ESA Project RESKUE (Transportable REflectarray Antenna for Satellite KU-band Emergency Communications). Aim of this project is to assess the feasibility of a new generation foldable and transportable antenna for bidirectional satellite communications at Ku-band. The antenna should have RF performance comparable with those of current fly-away antennas and provide automatic satellite location and pointing. Electronically reconfigurable reflectarray architecture is proposed for an easy stowing, deployment and portability. The electrical performance of this antenna is analysed by varying several parameters of antenna in order to get a required specifications defined by the project.
Identification of Clostridium tyrobutyricum as the causative agent of late blowing in cheese by species-specific PCR amplification (1995)

Butyric acid fermentation, the late-blowing defect in cheese, caused by the outgrowth of clostridial spores present in raw milk, can create considerable loss of product, especially in the production of semihard cheeses like Gouda cheese, but also in grana and Gruyère cheeses. To demonstrate the causative relationship between Clostridium tyrobutyricum and late blowing in cheese, many cheesemaking experiments were performed to provoke this defect by using spores from several strains of the major dairy-related clostridia. A method of PCR amplification of a part of the 16S rRNA gene in combination with hybridization with species-specific DNA probes was developed to allow the specific detection of clostridial sequences in DNAs extracted from cheeses. The sensitivity was increased by using nested PCR. Late blowing was provoked in experimental cheeses with 28 of the 32 C. tyrobutyricum strains tested, whereas experimental cheeses made with spores from C. beijerinckii, C. butyricum, and C. sporogenes showed no signs of butyric acid fermentation. In all experimental and commercial cheeses with obvious signs of late blowing, DNA from C. tyrobutyricum was detected; in some cheeses, signals for C. beijerinckii were also found. It was concluded that only C. tyrobutyricum strains are able to cause butyric acid fermentation in cheese.
Density-Gradient Mediated Band Extraction of Leukocytes from Whole Blood Using Centrifugo-Pneumatic Siphon Valving on Centrifugal Microfluidic Discs (2016)

Here we present retrieval of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells by density-gradient medium based centrifugation for subsequent analysis of the leukocytes on an integrated microfluidic "Lab-on-a-Disc" cartridge. Isolation of white blood cells constitutes a critical sample preparation step for many bioassays. Centrifugo-pneumatic siphon valves are particularly suited for blood processing as they function without need of surface treatment and are 'low-pass', i.e., holding at high centrifugation speeds and opening upon reduction of the spin rate. Both 'hydrostatically' and 'hydrodynamically' triggered centrifugo-pneumatic siphon valving schemes are presented. Firstly, the geometry of the pneumatic chamber of hydrostatically primed centrifugo-pneumatic siphon valves is optimised to enable smooth and uniform layering of blood on top of the density-gradient medium; this feature proves to be key for efficient Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell extraction. A theoretical analysis of hydrostatically primed valves is also presented which determines the optimum priming pressure for the individual valves. Next, 'dual siphon' configurations for both hydrostatically and hydrodynamically primed centrifugo-pneumatic siphon valves are introduced; here plasma and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells are extracted through a distinct siphon valve. This work represents a first step towards enabling on disc multi-parameter analysis. Finally, the efficiency of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells extraction in these structures is characterised using a simplified design. A microfluidic mechanism, which we termed phase switching, is identified which affects the efficiency of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell extraction.