gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advisory speed for Intelligent Speed Adaptation in adverse conditions (2010)

In this paper, a novel approach to compute advisory speeds to be used in an adaptive Intelligent Speed Adaptation system (ISA) is proposed. This method is designed to be embedded in the vehicles. It estimates an appropriate speed by fusing in real-time the outputs of ego sensors which detect adverse conditions with roadway characteristics transmitted by distant servers. The method presents two major novelties. First, the 85th percentile of observed speeds (V 85 ) is estimated along a road, this speed profile is considered as a reference speed practised and practicable in ideal conditions for a lonely vehicle. In adverse conditions, this reference speed is modulated in order to account for lowered friction and lowered visibility distance (top-down approach). Second, this method allows us taking into account the potential seriousness of crashes using a generic scenario of accident. Within this scenario, the difference in speed that should be applied in adverse conditions is estimated so that global injury risk is the same as in ideal conditions.
Novel Antiinflammatory and Antiinfective Agents (2007)

Despite the availability of antibiotics, infectious diseases become an even increasing threatening for human health, in particular due to resistance development, for example in animal husbandry. Furthermore, the sepsis shock syndrome, which in many cases is a result of the fact that antibiotics may kill bacteria, but do not inactivate bacterial virulence factors such as endotoxins (lipopolysaccharides), is worldwide of increasing importance regarding the very high death rate (40 to 50 %). Therefore, the development of suitable antimicrobial drugs is urgently requested. In recent years, various groups focus on the use of antimicrobial peptides (AMP) derived from natural, innate immunity proteins, which in vivo bind to the virulence factors. Such binding proteins are, for example, lactoferrin, the Limulus anti-LPS-factor, and the family of saposin-like proteins (NK-lysins, granulysins), which all have particular binding domains for example for bacterial endotoxin. Furthermore, an alternative approach to combat infections is the use of cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase inhibitors. From the reviewed literature the mechanisms of action of antiinfective compounds on bacteria, on pathogenicity factors of the bacteria, and on viruses are summarized. In the last years, considerable progresses have been made in the fight against infections, specially also to overcome bacterial resistance. Keywords: Antimicrobial peptides (AMP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), endotoxins, tumor-necrosis-factor-α, cyclooxygenase (COX), lipoxygenase (LOX)
Linearized continuous phase modulation (2003)

Linearized continuous phase modulation (LCPM) is introduced and compared to trellis-coded modulation (TCM). It is shown that a potential power gain exists in favor of LCPM over TCM at bandwidth efficiencies larger than 3 bps/Hz. Moreover, it is shown that LCPM can be generated using a single in-phase branch serially connected to a linear filter and thus does not require perfect quadrature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New CMOS integrated pulse width modulator for voltage conversion applications (2002)

We propose in this paper a new architecture of a CMOS integrated pulse width modulator (PWM) used to control the duty-cycle of square waveforms. The architecture of the proposed PWM is based mainly on an improved voltage controlled-delay line (VCDL) which requires a very small integrated area. The first version of this PWM allows duty-cycle control range of 0% to 50%, and the second version with duty-cycle control this range from 0% to 100%. The two versions of the proposed PWM are dedicated for the control of the power level of switching power amplifiers and are suitable for integrated DC-DC voltage conversion applications. Hspice simulation results show that the proposed PWM is able to achieve a large duty-cycle control range with high resolution.
Investigation of the rpoB Mutations Causing Rifampin Resistance by Rapid Screening in Mycobacterium Tuberculosis in North-East of Iran. (2018)

According to the results of this study, the frequency of rifampin-resistant strains of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> isolated from Khorasan province patients (North-East of Iran) was high. The developed MAS-PCR assay can be used for rapid detection in clinical diagnostic laboratories in areas with high prevalence of multidrug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strains. In this respect, MAS-PCR is simple, rapid, and highly sensitive method for drug susceptibility tests for detecting multidrug-resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.
ON DIFFERENT FE-BASED MODELS TO SIMULATE CUTTING OPERATION OF TITANIUM ALLOY (TI-6AL-4V) (2013)

Finite element based models for cutting operation present outstanding complexities due to their nonlinear and multi-physics coupling. Nevertheless, there is no uniform standard for the comparison between cutting simulation models based on different software. The present work deals with various methodologies to simulate orthogonal cutting operation for Ti-6Al-4V Titanium alloy inside two commercial codes: ABAQUS and DEFORM. The aim is to show how considered optimal FE numerical approaches can imply agreements or disparities in outputs between the two pre-cited codes. In order to carry out a comparative study between the two codes, similar conditions concerning geometrical models and cutting parameters were adopted. A multi-physic comprehension related to chip formation, cutting forces, temperature evolutions, and surface integrity was presented. Moreover, the numerical results were compared with experimental ones for a deeper discussion on numerical predictions, and problems with current simulation were addressed to improve and support process innovations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.19.3.4656
A Robust Edge Detection Approach in the Presence of High Impulse Noise Intensity Through Switching Adaptive Median and Fixed Weighted Mean Filtering (2018)

This study introduces a robust edge detection method that relies on an integrated process for denoising images in the presence of high impulse noise. This process is shown to be resilient to impulse (or salt and pepper) noise even under high intensity levels. The proposed switching adaptive median and fixed weighted mean filter (SAMFWMF) is shown to yield optimal edge detection and edge detail preservation, an outcome we validate through high correlation, structural similarity index and peak signal to noise ratio measures. For comparative purposes, a comprehensive analysis of other denoising filters is provided based on these various validation metrics. The nonmaximum suppression method and new edge following maximum-sequence are two techniques used to track the edges and overcome edge discontinuities and noisy pixels, especially in the presence of high-intensity noise levels. After applying predefined thresholds to the grayscale image and thus obtaining a binary image, several morphological operations are used to remove the unwanted edges and noisy pixels, perform edge thinning to ultimately provide the desired edge connectivity which results in an optimal edge detection method. The obtained results are compared to other existing state-of-the-art denoising filters and other edge detection methods in support of our assertion that the proposed method is resilient to impulse noise even under high-intensity levels.
IsoScore: automated localization of biotransformations by mass spectrometry using product ion scoring of virtual regioisomers (2008)

We describe a novel approach for the automated localization of biotransformations, which we term IsoScore. Accurate mass measurement spectra of a parent drug and its metabolites are acquired. All virtual regioisomers of a given biotransformation are generated in silico by iterating over all plausible sites of oxidation around the parent drug. Each is then fragmented virtually using an exhaustive approach supplemented with chemical intelligence. Each fragment is scored based on the likelihood that it can be formed from the precursor structure. The fragment library of each virtual isomer is then compared with the experimentally observed ions. The likelihood that a regioisomer explains the observed fragmentation data is contained in its cumulated score. We include additional weightings, which take into account the level of similarity between the mass spectra of the metabolite and the parent compound.This concept was tested on a variety of metabolites from different chemical platforms formed via single biotransformations. For a very large proportion of the metabolites, IsoScore correctly located the biotransformation to the expected position. All ions above a defined threshold in the spectrum are used to contribute to the score with no predisposition to ignore minor ions or to weight conclusions based on readily interpretable fragments. The approach is found to be most successful when differential scoring is observed between related ions in the parent and the metabolite. Further improvements in the scoring function will result in increased differentiation between likely and unlikely structures, even when the parent and the metabolite spectra show little similarity.
Innovative Test Practices in Japan (2019)

The IP session highlights three innovative test practices in Japan, which include DC parametric test time reduction using digital controlled DC resource and deep reconsideration for ADC distortion testing as well as test time reduction of low sampling rate and high-resolution ADC linearity. These would be useful for automotive and IoT application device testing.
Flexible PolyCMUTs: Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Polymer‐Based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Array for Conformal Ultrasonography (2022)

Abstract Conventional ultrasound transducers are short and rigid, which limits their applications, especially in the area of musculoskeletal imaging where many of the structures to be imaged lie within long curved anatomical structures, such as limbs. In such cases, conformal ultrasound imaging can be advantageous. This paper presents a process for fabricating 1D and 2D flexible polymer‐based capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (flexible CMUTs). As a proof of concept, all elements of a 32‐element linear flexible array are shown to be functional (100% yield) and uniform in fundamental resonant frequency (SD = 1.8%). One‐way and two‐way acoustic responses during immersion tests in flat, convex, and concave array configurations (radii of curvature = 3 cm) show an average fractional bandwidth of 83% and 75%, respectively, across these bending conditions. The flexible array shows no signal drop after over 100 bending cycles and only 6% variation in pulse amplitude after over 14 h of continuous operation. Finally, the resulting transducers are shown to operate at up to 15 MHz. The findings demonstrate robust operation of flexible CMUT arrays and justify further development targeted at key imaging applications, particularly in the area of diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions.
Sheet Beam Klystron for the Navy FEL (2012)

Abstract Not Provided
Synthesis of (4R,9Z)‐9‐Octadecen‐4‐olide, the Female Sex Pheromone of Janus integer, and Its Enantiomer (2004)

Abstract Enantiomer separation of (±)‐8‐ tert ‐butyldiphenylsilyloxy‐1‐octyn‐3‐ol was achieved by lipase‐mediated asymmetric acetylation. The resolved ( R )‐alkynol was converted into (4 R ,9 Z )‐9‐octadecen‐4‐olide, which was identical with the female sex pheromone of the currant stem girdler ( Janus integer ). The absolute configuration of the natural pheromone was thus established as R . (4 S ,9 Z )‐9‐Octadecen‐4‐olide was also synthesized, and found to be pheromonally inhibitory. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Fuzzy Control and Modeling: Analytical Foundations and Applications (2000)

The emerging, powerful fuzzy control paradigm has led to the worldwide success of countless commercial products and real-world applications. Fuzzy control is exceptionally practical and cost-effective due to its unique ability to accomplish tasks without knowing the mathematical model of the system, even if it is nonlinear, time varying and complex. Nevertheless, compared with the conventional control technology, most fuzzy control applications are developed in an ad hoc manner with little analytical understanding and without rigorous system analysis and design. Fuzzy Control and Modeling is the only book that establishes the analytical foundations for fuzzy control and modeling in relation to the conventional linear and nonlinear theories of control and systems. The coverage is up-to-date, comprehensive, in-depth and rigorous. Numeric examples and applications illustrate the utility of the theoretical development. Important topics discussed include: . Structures of fuzzy controllers/models with respect to conventional fuzzy controllers/models. Analysis of fuzzy control and modeling in relation to their classical counterparts. Stability analysis of fuzzy systems and design of fuzzy control systems. Sufficient and necessary conditions on fuzzy systems as universal approximators. Real-time fuzzy control systems for treatment of life-critical problems in biomedicine Fuzzy Control and Modeling is a self-contained, invaluable resource for professionals and students in diverse technical fields who aspire to analytically study fuzzy control and modeling
Ontogeny of Arousal (2004)

Ontogeny of arousal data constitute a vital supplement to the sparse literature on spontaneous neuronal activity. These data demonstrate that measurable infant spontaneous arousals (SAs) with an inherent oscillatory entrainment occur six times more in active sleep than in quiet sleep of the same duration and are identifiable as a human neurobiologic function. These SAs are not significantly associated with race or ethnicity, gender, total hours spent sleeping, percent time spent in active or quiet sleep, preterm status, history of a life-threatening event, having had a sibling who died of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), or having had a mother who smoked during this pregnancy. As measurable neurophysiologic events, SAs establish parameters for research at molecular and molar levels focusing on several critical areas: (1) the neuronal control of SA related to neurotransmitters, (2) as a significant antecedent factor in clinical cardiorespiratory events occurring in infants at high epidemiologic risk for SIDS; (3) as a regulatory biologic factor underlying temperament and executive cognitive functioning, and (4) morbidity and mortality effects possibly related to therapeutic interventions that alter SA levels.
Similarity Coefficients: Measures of Co-Occurrence and Association or Simply Measures of Occurrence? (1989)

Data on the presence or absence of 25 fish species in a survey of 52 lakes from the watersheds of the Black and Hollow rivers of south-central Ontario were analyzed with eight similarity coefficients. Comparisons were made of Jaccard, Ochiai, Phi, Rogers-Tanimoto, Russell and Rao, Simple Matching, Sorensen-Dice, and Yule similarity coefficients using results from R-mode cluster analysis, principal-coordinates analysis (PCoA), and nonmetric multidimensional scaling. Coefficients were grouped into those representing measures of co-occurrence and those measuring association. Coefficients of co-occurrence (i.e., Jaccard, Rogers-Tanimoto, Russell and Rao, Simple Matching, and Sorensen-Dice) incorporate information associated with the frequency of occurrence of the fish species analyzed. Dendrograms faithfully revealed this size effect. Similarly, first axes of PCoA were linear or curvilinear functions of species' frequency of occurrence. Measures of association (i.e., Phi and Yule) and Ochiai's coefficient were less affected by the frequency of occurrence. The first axes of PCoA, based on centered coefficients (i.e., Phi, Yule, and Ochiai), were highly correlated with the second axes from ordinations using co-occurrence coefficients. The second axes from analyses of centered coefficients were correlated with the third axes based on non-centered measures. We propose that co-occurrence coefficients reflect a general size effect similar to that commonly found in principal-components analysis. Measures of association and Ochiai's coefficient incorporate implicit centering transformations that reduce the size influence associated with the frequency of occurrence. Cluster analyses using co-occurrence coefficients are most susceptible to this size effect. We believe that the interpretations of many dendrograms fail to recognize size effects that arise from employing non-centered similarity coefficients (e.g., Strauss 1982; Nemec and Brinkhurst 1987). Additionally, arguments contrasting phenetic and phylogenetic methods may unknowingly debate the utility of centered versus non-centered coefficients, since the size effect undoubtedly contributes to the apparent strength of phylogenetic approaches.
The crash severity indicator: theoretical background and performance in real world crashes (1989)

This paper presents a crash severity indicator which can be mounted in cars. The indicator is a low cost mechanical device that can measure the deceleration in an accident, and, under some conditions, the velocity change (delta-v) as well. The theoretical background is described as well as the results of some full-scale barrier tests with severity indicators mounted into the test cars. It is concluded that the severity indicator can give a fairly high precision and together with other types of data collected will give valuable information for a low cost. The indicator is already mounted into rearward-facing child restraints.
Graphene Oxide Coating Improves the Mechanical and Biological Properties of Decellularized Umbilical Cord Arteries (2021)

The lack of small-diameter vascular grafts (inner diameter <5 mm) to substitute autologous grafts in arterial bypass surgeries has a massive impact on the prognosis and progression of cardiovascular diseases, the leading cause of death globally. Decellularized arteries from different sources have been proposed as an alternative, but their poor mechanical performance and high collagen exposure, which promotes platelet and bacteria adhesion, limit their successful application. In this study, these limitations were surpassed for decellularized umbilical cord arteries through the coating of their lumen with graphene oxide (GO). Placental and umbilical cord arteries were decellularized and perfused with a suspension of GO (C/O ratio 2:1) with ∼1.5 μm lateral size. A homogeneous GO coating that completely covered the collagen fibers was obtained for both arteries, with improvement of mechanical properties being achieved for umbilical cord decellularized arteries. GO coating increased the maximum force in 27%, the burst pressure in 29%, the strain in 25%, and the compliance in 10%, compared to umbilical cord decellularized arteries. The achieved theoretical burst pressure (1960 mmHg) and compliance (13.9%/100 mmHg) are similar to the human saphenous vein and mammary artery, respectively, which are used nowadays as the gold standard in coronary and peripheral artery bypass surgeries. Furthermore, and very importantly, coatings with GO did not compromise the endothelial cell adhesion but decreased platelet and bacteria adhesion to decellularized arteries, which will impact on the prevention of thrombosis and infection, until full re-endothetialization is achieved. Overall, our results reveal that GO coating has an effective role in the improvement of decellularized umbilical cord artery performance, which is a huge step toward their application as a small-diameter vascular graft.
A Method for Detecting Interpretation Precision of Infrared Measurment Images (2008)

In order to solve the problem that the interpretation precision of infrared measurement images can not be detected,a precision detection method using simulation images is presented according to the principle of sub-pixel subdivision.The background of an infrared measurement image is simulated by using the random superimposition of typical targets.The position of the target is determined by using a full frame of image.The simulation of the infrared measurement image is achieved through the sub-pixel interpolation of the image and noise simulation.Finally,the detection of the interpretation precision of the infrared measurement image is achieved through the interpretation of the known target points.
Research on Audio/Video Codec Based on Android (2010)

Due to its open-source advantage and powerful APIs, Android has attracted a large number of developers. Android's SDK is based on Java, how to reuse excellence C/C++ open-source projects is a problem. This paper first discusses a new component development approach for kernel-level development by using JNI (Java Native Interface) technology, and then describes the principle of FFmpeg (open-source codec project) and its transplantation process. At last, an Android-based codec application is designed and implemented.
Profiles of the Small Enterprise in the Service Sector (1991)

Revised version of a paper presented to a meeting of the ESRC Small Business Initiative at the University of Warwick, Apr 1991
Stimulation of neutrophil movement by metal ions (1992)

The interaction between corrosion products of metallic implants and the surrounding tissue is important in determining the biocompatibility of the implant, in particular the interaction of corrosion products with inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages. Such cells are capable of releasing enzymes and high-energy oxygen radicals which can damage the tissue. Clearly, any factors that influence cell movement to the implant site could influence the biocompatibility of the implant. The present study examined the influence that copper and nickel ions had on neutrophil locomotion. Both copper and nickel ions stimulated a proportion of the neutrophil population to take up a nonspherical morphology and to locomote. These metal ion stimulated cells have higher circularity values and move slower than neutrophils incubated with FMLP. For both FMLP and nickel ion stimulated cells, there is a correlation between the speed of neutrophil locomotion and neutrophil circularity; as the neutrophil circularity value decreases, the speed of locomotion increases.
Automatic Speech Recognition and Topic Identification for Almost-Zero-Resource Languages (2018)

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems often need to be developed for extremely low-resource languages to serve end-uses such as audio content categorization and search. While universal phone recognition is natural to consider when no transcribed speech is available to train an ASR system in a language, adapting universal phone models using very small amounts (minutes rather than hours) of transcribed speech also needs to be studied, particularly with state-of-the-art DNN-based acoustic models. The DARPA LORELEI program provides a framework for such very-low-resource ASR studies, and provides an extrinsic metric for evaluating ASR performance in a humanitarian assistance, disaster relief setting. This paper presents our Kaldi-based systems for the program, which employ a universal phone modeling approach to ASR, and describes recipes for very rapid adaptation of this universal ASR system. The results we obtain significantly outperform results obtained by many competing approaches on the NIST LoReHLT 2017 Evaluation datasets.