gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical evidence of a superconducting transition in doped silicon and germanium driven by a variation of chemical composition (2008)

We present the first theoretical evidence of chemical composition driven superconductivity in acceptor-doped silicon and germanium, using density functional theory. We examine the concentration dependence of Tc in B-doped Si and Ge and predict that B-doped Ge is a superconductor with a slightly higher Tc than B-doped Si. We show that there is a critical concentration above which B-doped Si and Ge become superconducting and estimate it to be ∼2.6% in Si:B and ∼2.2% in Ge:B. Considering the Al-doped Si and Ge, we point out the decisive role of the chemical element in the hole-doping scenario.
LABORATORIO DE PROCESAMIENTO DE POLÍMEROS (2006)

EL INSTITUTO DE INVESTIGACIONES EN MATERIALES (IIM) CUENTA CON UN LABORATORIO DE PROCESAMIENTO DE POLIMEROS, ENCARGADO DE MEJORAR LAS PROPIEDADES MEC NICAS, DE IMPACTO E INFLAMABILIDAD DE ESAS SUSTANCIAS MACROMOLECULARES PARA SU EVENTUAL APLICACION INDUSTRIAL.
A short sequence within subdomain N1 of region A of the Staphylococcus aureus MSCRAMM clumping factor A is required for export and surface display (2014)

Clumping factor A (ClfA) is the archetypal fibrinogen-binding surface protein of Staphylococcus aureus and a member of the microbial surface component recognizing adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMM) family. An N-terminal signal sequence directs export of the MSCRAMM by the Sec pathway and the C-terminal cell wall-anchoring domain allows covalent attachment of ClfA to peptidoglycan by sortase. Region A of ClfA comprises three independently folded subdomains N1, N2 and N3. Subdomains N2N3 comprise IgG-like folds and promote fibrinogen binding. Nothing is known about the structure or function of subdomain N1. Here we demonstrate an unexpected role for N1 in the export and surface localization of ClfA. Attempted expression of a ClfA variant lacking subdomain N1 resulted in impaired growth of S. aureus and accumulation of ClfA protein in the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. The presence of residues 211-228 of N1 was required to allow display of ClfA on the bacterial surface. The importance of this region was confirmed when a ClfA variant lacking residues 211-220 was also mislocalized to the cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. However, these residues were not required for export of ClfA lacking the Ser-Asp repeats that link region A to the wall-anchoring domain. Similarly, subdomain N1 of a related MSCRAMM fibronectin-binding protein B was required for export and surface display of the full-length protein, but not a derivative lacking fibronectin-binding repeats. In summary, we demonstrate that residues in the N1 subdomain are required for export and cell wall localization of S. aureus MSCRAMM proteins.
Chemical Composition of and Eu2+ Luminescence in the Barium Hexaaluminates (1989)

This paper consists of two parts. In the first part the chemical composition of two kinds of barium hexaaluminate (one poor and one rich in barium) is explained using the local electroneutrality concept. In the second part a reinvestigation of the Eu2+ luminescence in these compounds is reported. The emission spectrum of each of the two compounds shows two emission bands: a blue and a green emission band, indicating the presence of two Eu2+ sites. The blue emission band is ascribed to Eu2+ ions at barium sites, whereas the green emission band is identified with Eu2+ ions incorporated at aluminum sites within spinel blocks of the structure.
Induction of hepatic peroxisome proliferation in nonrodent species, including primates. (1984)

It is well established that the administration to rodents of a variety of structurally diverse chemicals possessing hypotriglyceridemic properties results in hepatomegaly, the induction of hepatic peroxisome (microbody) proliferation, and the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Studies have led to the hypothesis that persistent proliferation of peroxisomes serves as an endogenous initiator of neoplastic transformation in liver by increasing the intracellular production of H2O2 by the peroxisomal oxidase(s). The objective of the present study was to determine whether hepatic peroxisome proliferation can be induced in cats, chickens, pigeons, and two species of monkeys (rhesus and cynomolgus). The hypolipidemic drug ciprofibrate (2-[4-(2,2-dichloro-cylopropyl)phenoxyl]2-methylpropionic acid) induced peroxisome proliferation in the livers of cats (dose, greater than 40 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks); chickens (dose greater than 25 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks); pigeons (300 mg/kg body weight for 3 weeks), rhesus monkeys (50 to 200 mg/kg body weight for 7 weeks) and cynomolgus monkeys (400 mg/kg body weight for 4 weeks). In all five species examined in this study, a marked but variable increase in the activities of peroxisomal catalase, carnitine acetyltransferase, heat-labile enoyl-CoA hydratase, and the fatty acid beta-oxidation system was observed. These results suggest that peroxisome proliferation can be induced in the livers of several species and that it is a dose-dependent but not a species-specific phenomenon.
Compressive Fresnel Holography (2010)

Compressive sensing is a relatively new measurement paradigm which seeks to capture the “essential” aspects of a high-dimensional object using as few measurements as possible. In this work we demonstrate successful application of compressive sensing framework to digital Fresnel holography. It is shown that when applying compressive sensing approach to Fresnel fields a special sampling scheme should be adopted for improved results.
Ein kamerabasierter Ansatz zur intuitiven Assistenz sehbehinderter Menschen = An intuitive camera-based system to assist visually impaired people (2016)

Viele sehbehinderte Menschen sind in ihrer individuellen Mobilit¨at stark beeintrachtigt. Wir stellen ein
tragbares Assistenzsystem fur blinde Menschen vor, welches die Umgebung mit einer binokularen Kamera erfasst und Hindernisse durch intuitives akustisches Feedback an den Benutzer ubermittelt. In einer experimentellen Studie zeigen wir, wie die intelligente Umgebungswahrnehmung zur Sicherheit und Mobilitat von Blinden beitragen kann.
CSF1R-dependent macrophages in the salivary gland are essential for epithelial regeneration following radiation-induced injury (2022)

Abstract The salivary glands often become damaged in individuals receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer, resulting in xerostomia, or chronic dry mouth. This leads to detrimental effects on their health and quality of life, for which there is no regenerative therapy. Macrophages are the predominant cell type in the salivary glands and are attractive therapeutic targets due to their unrivalled capacity to drive tissue repair and regeneration. Yet, the nature and role of macrophages in salivary gland homeostasis and whether or not they contribute to tissue repair/regeneration following injury is not well understood. Here, we have used single cell RNA-seq, multi-parameter flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy to map the heterogeneity of the salivary gland macrophage compartment throughout development and following radiation-induced injury. We show that there are highly dynamic changes in the composition of the salivary gland macrophage compartment with age, in part due to changes in the ontogeny of these cells, determined using a suite of complementary fate mapping systems. A combination of mutant mice and antibody blockade demonstrates that salivary gland macrophages are dependent on CSF1, but not IL-34 or GM-CSF, for their development and maintenance. Finally, using an in vivo model of radiation-induced salivary gland injury combined with a novel Mafb -specific depletion system, we demonstrate an essential role for macrophages. Without macrophages the clearance of cells with DNA damage, and effective tissue repair following such injury, is severely comprised. Our data, therefore, indicate a strong case for exploring the therapeutic potential of manipulating macrophages in order to promote tissue repair and thus minimise salivary gland dysfunction after radiotherapy.
Debate : Epi‐ and peripapillary capillary hemangiomas and hemangioblastomas : in search of an optimal therapeutic approach (2012)

Abstract Abstract not provided
The Determination of Nitrotyrosine Residues in Proteins (2003)

Nitration of the ortho position of tyrosine results in the formation of 3-nitrotyrosine. Nitration of tyrosine residues in proteins using tetranitromethane has been used extensively to investigate the role of tyrosine residues in the function of many proteins (1). However, the existence of tyrosine-nitrated proteins in vivo was not investigated until the discovery of a potential nitrating agent. It was shown that the major protein modification following the reaction of peroxynitrite with proteins is 3-nitrotyrosine (2). Peroxynitrite is an oxidant formed by the near diffusion-limited reaction between two free radicals, nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (3). Inflammatory cells, endothelium, and, potentially, other cells generate peroxynitrite upon stimulation of NO and superoxide production (4–6). Therefore, we and others have explored the possibility of using 3-nitrotyrosine as a marker for peroxynitrite-mediated oxidative stress. Published data has provided evidence that 3-nitrotyrosine is formed in a variety of human diseases and animal models of disease (7–17). Endogenous-tyrosine nitration is almost certainly derived via enzymatically produced NO although NO itself is not a nitrating agent (7–9). Chemically, protein-tyrosine residues can be nitrated by tetranitromethane (1), nitric acid plus sulfuric acid (18), nitrogen dioxide (19), the acidification of nitrite (20), and the reaction of nitrite with hypochlorous acid (21). However, under pathophysiological conditions, it appears that peroxynitrite is the proximal species for the formation of protein nitrotyrosine in vivo (22) and that CO2 is a catalyst for peroxynitrite-mediated nitration of tyrosine residues (22–24) (see Fig. 1).
Repeat Rates in Digital Chest Radiography and Strategies for Improvement (2012)

We found the RR of direct digital chest radiography to be significantly higher than that of computed chest radiography. We believe this is due to the ease with which repeat images can be obtained and discarded, and it suggests the need for ongoing surveillance of RR. We were able to demonstrate that strategies to lower the RR, which had been developed in the era of film-based imaging, can be adapted to the digital environment. On the basis of our findings, we encourage radiologists to assess their own departmental RRs for direct digital chest radiography and to consider similar interventions if necessary to achieve acceptable RRs for this modality.
Evaluation of cost functions for gray value matching of two-dimensional images in radiotherapy (2003)

In external beam radiotherapy, portal imaging is applied for verification of the patient setup. Current automatic methods for portal image registration, which are often based on segmentation of anatomical structures, are especially successful for images of the pelvic region. For portal images of more complicated anatomical structures, e.g., lung, these techniques are less successful. It is desirable to have a method for image registration that is applicable for a wide range of treatment sites. In this study, a registration method for two-dimensional (2D) registration of portal and reference images based on intensity values was tested on portal images of various anatomical sites. Tests were performed with and without preprocessing (unsharp mask filtering followed by histogram equalization) for 96 image pairs and six cost functions. The images were obtained from treatments of the rectum, salivary gland, brain, prostate, and lung. To get insight into the behavior of the various cost functions, cost function values were computed for each portal image for 20,000 transformations of the corresponding reference image, translating the reference image in a range of +/- 1 cm and rotating +/- 10 degrees with respect to the clinical match. The automatic match was defined as the transformation associated with the global minimum (found by an exhaustive search). Without preprocessing, the registration reliability was low (less than 27%). With preprocessing, about 90% of the matches were successful, with a difference with our gold standard (manual registration) of about 1 mm and 1 degree SD. All tested cost functions performed similarly. However, the number of local minima using mutual information was larger than for the other tested cost functions. A cost function based on the mean product of the corresponding pixel values had the least number of local minima. In conclusion, gray value based registration of portal images is applicable for a wide range of treatment sites. However, pre-processing of the images is essential.
Ellipso-polarimetric multispectral camera based on improved achromatic liquid crystal waveplate and LCTF: concept and applications (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Polarimetric and Multi-spectro-polarimetric imaging systems have a high potential for different applications such as biomedical, surface evaluation and roughness, remote sensing and imaging through turbid mediums. The liquid crystal variable retarders (LCVRs) are propitious candidates to combine a polarization control devices in polarimetric imaging systems due to their exceptional properties such as retardation tunability using low voltages and minimal power consumption, in addition to being cost-effective and compact. In this work, we present a new broadband ellipso-polarimetric camera[1] based on tunable achromatic waveplate (AWP)[2,3] consisting of LCVRs. This AWP can be tuned between three modes: quarter, half and full waveplate in wide spectral band. Also, the operation band can be tuned with the three modes. By capturing images at the three modes of the AWP, the system can extract various EP parameters: two Stokes parameters (S1 and S3), sin(2ψ) and cos(Δ). Particularly we show that cos(Δ) images are superior over many known polarimetric imaging quantities. The performance of the imaging system was demonstrated in different applications such as tissue for biomedical imaging, fingerprints and its residuals on the surface, old coins and remote sensing. In addition to the spatial and polarimetric information, integrating a narrowband LC tunable filter[4] into imaging systems provides the ability to extract the spectral information which helps to characterize the object better. In this work, we shall present the performance of Multispectral camera and Multi-spectro-polarimetric camera based on our developed LC devices for different applications. References: 1. M. J. Abuleil and I. Abdulhalim, "Broadband ellipso-polarimetric camera utilizing tunable liquid crystal achromatic waveplate with improved field of view," Opt. Express (2019), accepted. 2. I. Abdulhalim and M. J. Abuleil, "Tunable achromatic liquid crystal waveplates," U.S. patent 10,146,095 B2. 3. M. J. Abuleil and I. Abdulhalim, "Tunable achromatic liquid crystal waveplates," Opt. Lett. 39(19), 5487 (2014). 4. M. Abuleil and I. Abdulhalim, "Narrowband multispectral liquid crystal tunable filter," Opt. Lett. 41(9), 1957 (2016).
Relation-specific creative performance in voluntary collaborations: A micro-foundation for competitive advantage? (2011)

A fundamental question in the strategy literature is how sustainable competitive advantage can be generated within one firm and yet difficult to copy by another. We offer one solution to this conundrum by way of relation-specific performance that is developed in creative projects ? where the individuals involved have significant latitude on the intended objectives as well as their collaborators on these projects. Because higher-level cognition is involved in navigating such projects from conception to implementation, there is heightened relation-specificity in their performance ? as measured by how widely they are adopted by third-party users. This relation-specificity means that any performance improvement as a result of repeated collaborative efforts of a group of individuals is difficult to emulate or sustain outside of this specific group. This thus offers one way to simultaneously address several important critiques of the resource-based view of the firm. We rely on a novel set of data on user-written Facebook applications to demonstrate the relation-specificity of creative performance.
Glutaraldehyde (GA)-Hapten Adducts, but without a Carrier Protein, for Use in a Specificity Study on an Antibody against a GA-Conjugated Hapten Compound: Histamine Monoclonal Antibody (AHA-2) as a Model (1999)

In our recent study on monoclonal antibodies (mAbs AHA-1-5) against glutaraldehyde (GA)-conjugated histamine (HA), we identified one mAb (AHA-2) which can detect neuronal HA in the rat brain with an immunocytochemistry method (ICC) [Fujiwara et al. (1999) J. Biochem. 126, 503-509]. In the present study the specificity of AHA-2 mAb for use for ICC has been examined by means of competitive experiments involving HA and analogs, all of which had been allowed to react with GA followed by sodium borohydride, but not allowed to couple with the carrier protein. It was demonstrated that the antibody distinguished alterations in the chemical structure of the molecule, showing decreased immunoreactivity with all the GA-adducts of (R)-(-)-alpha-methylhistamine, 1- and 3-methylhistamine, L-histidine, and 1- and 3-methyl-L-histidine. On the other hand, AHA-1 mAb only reacted with GA-adducts of 3-MeHA (3-MeHA-GA) and HA (HA-GA), to almost the same degree, in relatively high concentration ranges. AHA-3, 4, and 5 mAbs reacted about 10-times more strongly with 1-MeHA-GA than with HA-GA, but reacted very little or not at all with the other analogs. These results may suggest that AHA-2 mAb recognized both the non-substituted imidazole and alpha-methine groups of a HA molecule in addition to the conjugation site of GA including the part(s) reduced with NaBH(4), and especially the imidazole group more strictly than the other mAbs. This may partly explain why AHA-2, among the five AHA mAbs, can detect neuronal HA with an ICC method. The present ELISA method for GA-hapten adducts should be applicable to other antibodies against GA-conjugated biologically active amines or amino acids, thus allowing the study of antibody specificity for ICC more easily and accurately than was previously possible with hapten-protein conjugates as antigens.
Structural and electronic analysis of the atomic scale nucleation of Ag on α-Ag2WO4 induced by electron irradiation (2014)

In this work, we utilise a combination of theory, computation and experiments to understand the early events related to the nucleation of Ag filaments on α-Ag2WO4 crystals, which is driven by an accelerated electron beam from an electron microscope under high vacuum. The growth process and the chemical composition and elemental distribution in these filaments were analysed in depth at the nanoscale level using TEM, HAADF, EDS and XPS; the structural and electronic aspects were systematically studied in using first-principles electronic structure theory within QTAIM framework. The Ag nucleation and formation on α-Ag2WO4 is a result of the order/disorder effects generated in the crystal by the electron-beam irradiation. Both experimental and theoretical results show that this behavior is associated with structural and electronic changes of the [AgO2] and [AgO4] clusters and, to a minor extent, to the [WO6] cluster; these clusters collectively represent the constituent building blocks of α-Ag2WO4.
Amphiphilic adducts of myrcene and N-substituted maleimides as potential drug delivery agents (2014)

The title drug delivery compounds with pharmacophoric moieties were synthesized, and their interaction with model biomembranes (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles) was examined.
Learning to play against any mixture of opponents (2023)

Intuitively, experience playing against one mixture of opponents in a given domain should be relevant for a different mixture in the same domain. If the mixture changes, ideally we would not have to train from scratch, but rather could transfer what we have learned to construct a policy to play against the new mixture. We propose a transfer learning method, <i>Q-Mixing</i>, that starts by learning <i>Q</i>-values against each pure-strategy opponent. Then a <i>Q</i>-value for <i>any</i> distribution of opponent strategies is approximated by appropriately averaging the separately learned <i>Q</i>-values. From these components, we construct policies against all opponent mixtures without any further training. We empirically validate Q-Mixing in two environments: a simple grid-world soccer environment, and a social dilemma game. Our experiments find that Q-Mixing can successfully transfer knowledge across any mixture of opponents. Next, we consider the use of observations during play to update the believed distribution of opponents. We introduce an opponent policy classifier-trained reusing Q-learning data-and use the classifier results to refine the mixing of <i>Q</i>-values. Q-Mixing augmented with the opponent policy classifier performs better, with higher variance, than training directly against a mixed-strategy opponent.
Solubilized musarinic recognition sites from rat brain and heart: evidence in favor of a homogeneous population of sites (1986)

The binding characteristics of muscarinic receptors (MAChR) from rat brain and heart (membrane (m-) and 0.5% digitonin solubilized (s-)) were studied at 4/sup 0/C. (/sup 3/H)(-)QNB possessed the same affinity to both m- and s-MAChR (Kd = 20 pM). Pirenzepine (PZ) discriminated two affinities for brain m-MAChR and revealed a single low affinity in heart m-MAChR. S-MAChR from brain and heart displayed similar affinities for PZ ( Ki = 10 and 15 nM). High affinity (/sup 3/H)PZ binding was also found for s-MAChR from both tissues. The receptor affinity for carbachol (CARB) was decreased after solubilization. There was a decrease in the proportion of high affinity state (from 40% to 20% in the brain and from 60% to 15% in the heart) with a 4-fold decrease in the high affinity Ki for CARB. Gpp(NH)p no longer had an effect on the CARB/(/sup 3/H)(-)QNB competition in s-MAChR. Increasing the temperature to 37/sup 0/C caused a 3-6 fold decrease in PZ's affinity to both m- and s-MAChR without altering the ratio of high/low affinity sites. The reduction of PZ's affinity was completely reversible with temperature in m-MAChR and partially reversible in s-MAChR. The authors results suggests that a homogeneous muscarinic recognition sitemore » has been solubilized. Solubilization with digitonin results in a separation of the binding site from effector systems and membrane constituents responsible for the tissue specific receptor heterogeneity.« less
Triple play services over a converged optical/wireless network (2006)

This paper introduces a high performance architecture to demonstrate a triple play services delivery over optical/wireless converged networks. Applications including VoD (video on demand), VoIP and IPTV have been added to the emulated converged network.