gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sulfur-Polymer Nanoparticles: Preparation and Antibacterial Activity (2023)

High sulfur content polymers prepared by inverse vulcanization have many reported potential applications, including as novel antimicrobial materials. High sulfur content polymers usually have limited water-solubility and dispersibility due to their hydrophobic nature, which could limit the development of their applications. Herein, we report the formulation of high sulfur content polymeric nanoparticles by a nanoprecipitation and emulsion-based method. High sulfur content polymeric nanoparticles were found to have an inhibitory effect against important bacterial pathogens, including Gram-positive methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Gram-negative <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Salt-stable particles were formulated with the addition of a surfactant, which did not inhibit the antibacterial activity of the polymeric particles. Furthermore, the polymeric nanoparticles were found to inhibit <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation and exhibited low cytotoxicity against mammalian liver cells. Interaction of the polymeric particles with cellular thiols could be a potential mechanism of action against bacterial cells, as demonstrated by reaction with cysteine as a model thiol. The findings presented demonstrate methods of preparing aqueous dispersions of high sulfur content polymeric nanoparticles that could have useful biological applications.
Tailoring Directive Gain for High-Contrast, Wide-Viewing-Angle Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Using Speckle Image Holograpy Metasurfaces (2016)

Holography metasurfaces have been used to control the propagation of light to an unprecedented level, exhibiting the immense potential for light steering in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, a new approach to tailoring directive gain for high contrast, wide-viewing-angle OLEDs is proposed by implementing a spcekle image holography (SIH) metasurface. The experimental and theoretical results provide the direct proofs that the SIH metasurface can play very important roles not only in releasing the trapped energy flow insides the devices but also in tailoring the wavefronts to the preferred patterns due to its "regional orientation" k-vectors patterns. The resulting power efficiency and external quantum efficiency of the OLEDs using a SIH metasurface are 1.97 and 1.95 times that of the reference device with a standard architecture. Furthermore, the wavefronts of emitted light are delicately modulated in a polarization-independent manner, yielding 2.5 times higher contrast ratio compared to the reference device. This unique engineered directive gain property is also well-retained for the viewing angles varing from normal to titled ±60° without spectral distortion. These results enrich the understanding of light wavefronts control in OLEDs and highlight its potential application in display as well as light steering for other optoelectronics.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Association of urinary bisphenol A concentration with medical disorders and laboratory abnormalities in adults. (2008)

CONTEXT: Bisphenol A (BPA) is widely used in epoxy resins lining food and beverage containers. Evidence of effects in animals has generated concern over low-level chronic exposures in humans.OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between urinary BPA concentrations and adult health status.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional analysis of BPA concentrations and health status in the general adult population of the United States, using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003-2004. Participants were 1455 adults aged 18 through 74 years with measured urinary BPA and urine creatinine concentrations. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, income, smoking, body mass index, waist circumference, and urinary creatinine concentration. The sample provided 80% power to detect unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) of 1.4 for diagnoses of 5% prevalence per 1-SD change in BPA concentration, or standardized regression coefficients of 0.075 for liver enzyme concentrations, at a significance level of P < .05.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Chronic disease diagnoses plus blood markers of liver function, glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and lipid changes.RESULTS: Higher urinary BPA concentrations were associated with cardiovascular diagnoses in age-, sex-, and fully adjusted models (OR per 1-SD increase in BPA concentration, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-1.63; P = .001 with full adjustment). Higher BPA concentrations were also associated with diabetes (OR per 1-SD increase in BPA concentration, 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21-1.60; P < .001) but not with other studied common diseases. In addition, higher BPA concentrations were associated with clinically abnormal concentrations of the liver enzymes gamma-glutamyltransferase (OR per 1-SD increase in BPA concentration, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.14-1.46; P < .001) and alkaline phosphatase (OR per 1-SD increase in BPA concentration, 1.48; 95% CI, 1.18-1.85; P = .002).CONCLUSION: Higher BPA exposure, reflected in higher urinary concentrations of BPA, may be associated with avoidable morbidity in the community-dwelling adult population. PMID: 18799442
Safety and tolerability of veliparib combined with capecitabine plus radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC): Final results of a phase Ib study. (2015)

3517 Background: Standard treatment for patients (pts) with LARC consists of chemoradiation followed by surgery. To achieve higher response rates and reduce risk of recurrence, further optimization is needed. Veliparib (ABT-888), a potent orally bioavailable PARP1/2 inhibitor, has been shown to enhance antitumor activity of chemotherapy and radiotherapy (RT) in preclinical models. Herein, we present the final results from a phase Ib dose-escalation study (NCT01589419) of veliparib plus capecitabine (C) and RT (C/RT) in pts with LARC. Methods: Stage II/III rectal cancer pts ( ≥ 18 years) received C (p.o. 825 mg/m2 BID) and RT (1.8 Gy QD) for approx. 5.5 weeks (5 days/week). Veliparib (p.o. 20–400 mg BID) was administered from day 2 until 2 days after RT (7 days/week). Pts underwent surgery 5–10 weeks after RT. Primary objectives were to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of veliparib plus C/RT, using an exposure-adjusted continual reassessment method. Safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and antitumor activity were also assessed. Results: As of 23 Nov 2014, 32 pts (81% male, median age 57 years) received study treatment (veliparib < 400 mg, n = 16; 400 mg, n = 16). Most common adverse events possibly or probably related to treatment were fatigue (41%), nausea (41%), diarrhea (25%), and vomiting (22%); grade 3/4 events were diarrhea (n = 2), anemia, lymphopenia, and pulmonary embolism (n = 1 each). Dose-limiting toxicities (grade 2) occurred in 2 pts: radiation skin injury, and nausea and vomiting, at 70 and 400 mg veliparib, respectively. The MTD was not reached. The RP2D for veliparib was 400 mg BID. Veliparib (20–70 mg BID) PK was dose proportional, with no clear impact on the PK of C. Postsurgery tumor downstaging was observed in 72% of 32 evaluable pts; 28% achieved a pathologic complete response. Sphincter-sparing surgery was performed in 70% of 30 evaluable pts. Conclusions: Veliparib plus C/RT had an acceptable safety profile in LARC pts and the RP2D is 400 mg BID. Veliparib showed a dose-proportional PK profile and no effect on the PK of C. The combination treatment showed promising preliminary antitumor activity. Clinical trial information: NCT01589419.
[Age-related changes in androgen and bone metabolism]. (2016)

Decline of androgen level is involved in symptoms of late-onset hypogonadism in aging male, and recent findings suggest that it is also associated with osteoporosis, sarcopenia. Diagnosis and therapeutic intervention against osteoporosis in men is important for preventing from subsequent disability and frailty in elderly population.
Self-Assembly of Globular Protein-Polymer Diblock Copolymers (2011)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2014.
Maximizing the voltage and current capability of GaN FETs in a hard-switching converter (2017)

This paper establishes a methodology for maximizing the voltage and current capability of a GaN FET, while maintaining an acceptably low overshoot voltage and junction temperature to prevent damage to the device. Two key contributions of this work are the gate driver design parameters and operating conditions that impact overshoot voltage, and a heatsink design for bottom-side cooling that avoids thermal vias. Additionally, the static and dynamic characterization steps required for this methodology are described, and an example GaN-based full-bridge inverter was designed and tested for experimental verification, using GaN gate injection transistors with capacitive gate driver circuits.
Machine Learning for Noise Sensor Placement and Full-Chip Voltage Emergency Detection (2016)

Power supply fluctuation can be potential threat to the correct operations of processors, in the form of voltage emergency that happens when supply voltage drops below a certain threshold. Noise sensors (with either analog or digital outputs) can be placed in the nonfunction area of processors to detect voltage emergencies by monitoring the runtime voltage fluctuations. Our work addresses two important problems related to building a sensor-based voltage emergency detection system: 1) offline sensor placement, i.e., where to place the noise sensors so that the number and locations of sensors are optimized in order to strike a balance between design cost and chip reliability and 2) online voltage emergency detection, i.e., how to use these placed sensors to detect voltage emergencies in the hotspot locations. In this paper, we propose integrated solutions to these two problems, respectively, for analog and digital (more specifically, binary) sensor outputs, by exploiting the voltage correlation between the sensor candidate locations and the hotspot locations. For the analog case, we use the Group Lasso and an ordinary least squares approach; for the binary case, we integrate the Group Lasso and the SVM approach. Experimental results show that, our approach can achieve 2.3X-2.7X better voltage emergency detection results on average for analog outputs when compared to the state-of-the-art work; and for the binary case, on average our methodology can achieve up to 21% improvement in prediction accuracy compared to an approach called max-probability-no-prediction.
Recent progress on the molecular organization of myelinated axons (2002)

The structure of myelinated axons was well described 100 years ago by Ramón y Cajal, and now their molecular organization is being revealed. The basal lamina of myelinating Schwann cells contains laminin-2, and their abaxonal/outer membrane contains two laminin-2 receptors, alpha6beta4 integrin and dystroglycan. Dystroglycan binds utrophin, a short dystrophin isoform (Dp116), and dystroglycan-related protein 2 (DRP2), all of which are part of a macromolecular complex. Utrophin is linked to the actin cytoskeleton, and DRP2 binds to periaxin, a PDZ domain protein associated with the cell membrane. Non-compact myelin--found at incisures and paranodes--contains adherens junctions, tight junctions, and gap junctions. Nodal microvilli contain F-actin, ERM proteins, and cell adhesion molecules that may govern the clustering of voltage-gated Na+ channels in the nodal axolemma. Na(v)1.6 is the predominant voltage-gated Na+ channel in mature nerves, and is linked to the spectrin cytoskeleton by ankyrinG. The paranodal glial loops contain neurofascin 155, which likely interacts with heterodimers composed of contactin and Caspr/paranodin to form septate-like junctions. The juxtaparanodal axonal membrane contains the potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, their associated beta2 subunit, as well as Caspr2. Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Caspr2 all have PDZ binding sites and likely interact with the same PDZ binding protein. Like Caspr, Caspr2 has a band 4.1 binding domain, and both Caspr and Caspr2 probably bind to the band 4.1 B isoform that is specifically found associated with the paranodal and juxtaparanodal axolemma. When the paranode is disrupted by mutations (in cgt-, contactin-, and Caspr-null mice), the localization of these paranodal and juxtaparanodal proteins is altered: Kv1.1, Kv1.2, and Caspr2 are juxtaposed to the nodal axolemma, and this reorganization is associated with altered conduction of myelinated fibers. Understanding how axon-Schwann interactions create the molecular architecture of myelinated axons is fundamental and almost certainly involved in the pathogenesis of peripheral neuropathies.
Exciting time for middleware (2004)

The fastest growing embedded middleware technologies are publish-subscribe architectures, says the author.
Coupled processors with regularly varying service times (2002)

Consider two M/G/1 queues that are coupled in the following way. Whenever both queues are non-empty, each server serves its own queue at unit speed. However, if server 2 has no work in its own queue, then it assists server 1, resulting in an increased service speed r/sub 1//sup *//spl ges/1 in the first queue. This kind of coupling is related to generalized processor sharing. We assume that the service request distributions at both queues are regularly varying at infinity of index -v/sub 1/ and -v/sub 2/, namely, they are heavy-tailed. Under this assumption, we present a detailed analysis of the tail behaviour of the workload distribution at each queue. If the guaranteed unit speed of server 1 is already sufficient to handle its offered traffic, then the workload distribution at the first queue is shown to be regularly varying at infinity of index 1-v/sub 1/. But if it is not sufficient, then the workload distribution at the first queue is shown to be regularly varying at infinity of index 1-min(v/sub 1/,v/sub 2/). In particular, traffic at server 1 is then no longer protected from worse-behaved (heavier-tailed) traffic at server 2.
Feedback Control of Floor Reaction Force Based on Force-Reflecting-Type Multilateral Control (2010)

Real-world haptics is being studied not only for improving feedback on real-world haptic information in teleoperation but also for developing key technologies for future human support. For the remote operating of systems at distant places, haptic information is required in addition to visual information. The haptic information around a work environment can be the floor reaction force, which can be obtained using a movement-type haptic device. The floor reaction force from the environment that the mobile haptic device touches is fed back accurately to the operator.First, this paper proposes a general force-reflecting-type multilateral control. Second, this paper extends the control to feedback control of the floor reaction force by using force-reflecting-type multilateral control and a novel haptic device employing a biped robot with a slave system. The position response of a master system is transformed to a leg tip position command for the biped-type haptic device. In addition, the floor reaction force determined by the biped-type haptic device is fed back to the master system. The proposed method can determine the force feedback to the sole of the foot, which is not possible with a conventional stationary system. As a result, the floor reaction force from a large area can be obtained, and the operability of the control system is improved by using the proposed system.
Positives and negatives of online dating according to women 50+ (2016)

To understand the positives and negatives of online dating according to the lived experience of older women, telephone interviews were conducted with 45 women ages 50+ who date online. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and thematically team coded. The opportunity to expand one's social network for both friendships and romantic partners, the ability to control dating risks and pace of relationship formation, and knowing more about one's partner were significant reported benefits of online dating. Dating online also includes unique risks, such as pervasive lying, attempted financial exploitation in the form of scammers, and unwanted electronic sexual aggression.
The Chemistry of Tobacco Fermentation. I. Conversion of the Alkaloids. D. Identification of Cotinine in Fermented Leaves (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Tobacco Fermentation. I. Conversion of the Alkaloids. D. Identification of Cotinine in Fermented LeavesW. G. Frankenburg and A. A. VaitekunasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 1, 149–151Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01558a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01558a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views249Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) and Atom Probe Tomography (APT): Powerful Synergetic Techniques for Materials Scientists (2020)

International audience
Synthesis, characterizations and biocompatibility of alternating block polyurethanes based on P3/4HB and PPG‐PEG‐PPG (2011)

Block copolymers with exactly controlled structures, that is, alternating block polyurethanes based on poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutrate) (P3/4HB-diol) and poly (propylene glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propylene glycol) (PPG-PEG-PPG) were synthesized by solution polymerization via specifically selective coupling reaction between terminal hydroxyl P3/4HB segment and isocyanate group end-capped PPG-PEG-PPG segment, using 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as end-capped agent. The chemical structure, molecular weight and distribution were systematically characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum (¹H NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The thermal property was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis. The hydrophilicity was studied by static contact angle of H₂O and CH₂I₂. DSC revealed that the PU3/4HB-alt-PPG-PEG-PPG exhibited a distinct change from amorphous to 30% crystallinity degree, T(g) from -25 to -50 °C, T(m) from 110 to 145 °C. The polyurethanes were more hydrophilic (water contact angle centers around 80 °) than the raw PHA materials. The platelet adhesion assay showed that the obtained polyurethanes had a lower platelet adhesion than the raw materials and the amount of platelet adhesion could be controlled by varying the segmental length of P3/4HB-diol. This could be explained by the inclusion of PPG-PEG-PPG between the P3/4HB segments, improving the hemocompatibility of P3/4HB. The cell culture assay revealed that the obtained polyurethanes were cell inert and unfavorable for the attachment of mouse fibroblast cell line L929 and rabbit blood vessel smooth muscle cells (RaSMCs). This suggests that these polyurethanes would be promising candidates as hemocompatibility and tissue-inert materials.
ADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION FACTOR (ADF): A PROTEIN SECRETED BY MATURE FAT CELLS THAT INDUCES PREADIPOCYTE DIFFERENTIATION IN CULTURE (1998)

A factor that is released into the culture medium of mature adipocytes and promotes the differentiation (adipogenic conversion) of preadipocytes has been partially characterized. The factor acts in a dose-dependent manner on preadipocytes to produce up to a four-fold increase in triacylglycerol (triglyceride) content and a nine-fold increase in glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) activity, a marker of the late phase of differentiation of preadipocytes. The material appears to be a protein, since it has a molecular weight (Superose-12 gel exclusion chromatography) of about 53 kDa, an isoelectric point (pl) of 4.7-4.9, and is inactivated by the proteases papain and chymotrypsin and extremes of pH (2 and 12). Considerations of molecular weight, isoelectric point, stability to specific proteases, and especially to the action of chemical agents [the adipogenic activity is not affected by either an oxidizing (KIO4) or a reducing agent (DTT)], lead to the conclusion that the differentiation factor is distinct from known cytokines. The authors suggest that the protein be designated adipocyte differentiation factor (ADF). ADF in vivo may act as a cytokine paracrine agent to regulate the differentiation of preadipocytes.
Stochastic LIM for Transient Simulations of Printed Circuit Board Transmission Lines with Uncertainties (2016)

This paper proposes Stochastic LIM for simulations of transmission lines with uncertainties. Such simulations are traditionally performed using sampling techniques such as Monte Carlo, which are slow to converge and often computationally expensive. Since analysis of uncertainties in electronic packaging is critical to design for reliability and performance, simulators such as Stochastic LIM can provide fast and accurate uncertainty quantification to support design objectives and shorten design cycles. To demonstrate these capabilities, we model transmission lines using equivalent circuits where the circuit parameters are random variables reflecting uncertainties in the physical structure. The solutions to the random circuits are then obtained using Stochastic LIM, and the results are compared to Monte Carlo analysis of the same circuits using traditional deterministic circuit solvers. Techniques for projection of uncertainties in the physical space into uncertainties in the equivalent circuit are discussed.
Fast and reliable example-based mesh IK for stylized deformations (2016)

Example-based shape deformation allows a mesh to be easily manipulated or animated with simple inputs. As the user pulls parts of the shape, the rest of the mesh automatically changes in an intuitive way by drawing from a set of exemplars. This provides a way for virtual shapes or characters to be easily authored and manipulated, or for a set of drawings to be animated with simple inputs. We describe a new approach for example-based inverse kinematic mesh manipulation which generates high quality deformations for a wide range of inputs, and in particular works well even when provided stylized or "cartoony" examples. This approach is fast enough to run in real time, reliably uses the artist's input shapes in an intuitive way even for highly nonphysical deformations, and provides added expressiveness by allowing the input shapes to be utilized in a way which spatially varies smoothly across the resulting deformed mesh. This allows for rich and detailed deformations to be created from a small set of input shapes, and gives an easy way for a set of sketches to be brought alive with simple click-and-drag inputs.