gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental demonstration of optimal unambiguous two-out-of-four quantum state elimination (2022)

A core principle of quantum theory is that non-orthogonal quantum states cannot be perfectly distinguished with single-shot measurements. However, it is possible to exclude a subset of non-orthogonal states without error in certain circumstances. Here we implement a quantum state elimination measurement which unambiguously rules out two of four pure, non-orthogonal quantum states -- ideally without error and with unit success probability. This is a generalised quantum measurement with six outcomes, where each outcome corresponds to excluding a pair of states. Our experimental realisation uses single photons, with information encoded in a four-dimensional state using optical path and polarisation degrees of freedom. The prepared state is incorrectly ruled out up to $3.3(2)\%$ of the time.
NISTOAGi workshop: drilling down on smart manufacturing - enabling composable apps (2017)

This report summarizes the results from the OAGi/NIST workshop Drilling down on Smart Manufacturing --Enabling Composable Apps, which was held at the National Institute of Standards and Technology campus in Gaithersburg, MD, on April 18-19, 2016.The purpose of the workshop was to identify and discuss challenges in advancing the vision of composable manufacturing systems within the context of open cloud service platforms for Smart Manufacturing systems.The report describes (1) the idea of composable Service-Oriented Manufacturing systems as a basis for achieving easily assembled and re-configured Smart Manufacturing systems, (2) the results of five breakout sessions, and (3) the key findings from the workshop as well as the next steps planned for the workshop series.The breakout session descriptions provide an overview of respective R&D areas, their goals, capability gaps, proposed technology characteristics, and priority working items.
A Hybrid Soluble gp130/Spike-Nanobody Fusion Protein Simultaneously Blocks Interleukin-6 trans -Signaling and Cellular Infection with SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can induce mild to life-threatening symptoms. Especially individuals over 60 years of age or with underlying comorbidities, including heart or lung disease and diabetes, or immunocompromised patients are at a higher risk. Fatal multiorgan damage in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients can be attributed to an interleukin-6 (IL-6)-dominated cytokine storm. Consequently, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) monoclonal antibody treatment for severe COVID-19 cases has been approved for therapy. High concentrations of soluble IL-6R (sIL-6R) were found in COVID-19 intensive care unit patients, suggesting the involvement of IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling in disease pathology. Here, in analogy to bispecific antibodies (bsAbs), we developed the first bispecific IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling inhibitor, c19s130Fc, which blocks viral infection and IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling. c19s130Fc is a designer protein of the IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling inhibitor cs130 fused to a single-domain nanobody directed against the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. c19s130Fc binds with high affinity to IL-6:sIL-6R complexes as well as the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, as shown by surface plasmon resonance. Using cell-based assays, we demonstrate that c19s130Fc blocks IL-6 <i>trans</i>-signaling-induced proliferation and STAT3 phosphorylation in Ba/F3-gp130 cells as well as SARS-CoV-2 infection and STAT3 phosphorylation in Vero cells. Taken together, c19s130Fc represents a new class of bispecific inhibitors consisting of a soluble cytokine receptor fused to antiviral nanobodies and principally demonstrates the multifunctionalization of <i>trans-</i>signaling inhibitors. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> The availability of effective SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is a large step forward in managing the pandemic situation. In addition, therapeutic options, e.g., monoclonal antibodies to prevent viral cell entry and anti-inflammatory therapies, including glucocorticoid treatment, are currently developed or in clinical use to treat already infected patients. Here, we report a novel dual-specificity inhibitor to simultaneously target SARS-CoV-2 infection and virus-induced hyperinflammation. This was achieved by fusing an inhibitor of viral cell entry with a molecule blocking IL-6, a key mediator of SARS-CoV-2-induced hyperinflammation. Through this dual action, this molecule may have the potential to efficiently ameliorate symptoms of COVID-19 in infected individuals.
A Solution‐Processed Hole Extraction Layer Made from Ultrathin MoS2 Nanosheets for Efficient Organic Solar Cells (2013)

Room-temperature solution-processed ultrathin 2D MoS2 nanosheets are integrated into organic solar cells as an efficient hole extraction layer. An enhanced power conversion efficiency of 8.11% is achieved, which is superior to that of traditional vacuum-evaporated molybdenum oxide. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Bromocriptine treatment over 12 years in acromegaly: effect on growth hormone and prolactin secretion (1992)

It is not known whether bromocriptine treatment in acromegaly can be implemented for a life-long period. To elucidate this problem, the secretory GH and PRL states of 12 patients with acromegaly were determined, before bromocriptine treatment, under therapy (15.0 +/- 6.8 mg/day for 12 +/- 3 years; mean +/- SD) and during two-weeks long drug withdrawal after long-term treatment, respectively. Before therapy, all patients showed a non-sufficient GH suppression after oral glucose load (greater than 2 micrograms/l), whereas under dopaminergic treatment the post-glucose GH levels of three patients fell below 2 micrograms/l; normal IGF-I concentrations were found in five patients. However, under bromocriptine, only two patients showed GH suppressions below 2 micrograms/l following glucose, accompanied with normal IGF-I levels. During bromocriptine withdrawal, GH secretion at 60 min in the oral glucose tolerance test increased significantly (17.0 +/- 15.5 vs 5.7 +/- 5.2 micrograms/l; p less than 0.01); the mean IGF-I level rose from 2.1 +/- 0.8 to 4.9 +/- 2.2 kU/l (p less than 0.01). IGF-I was normal during bromocriptine cessation in only one patient; none of the 12 patients showed a GH suppression below 2 micrograms/l after oral glucose load. Under dopaminergic treatment hyperprolactinemia could not be detected. In conclusion, bromocriptine led to a stable suppression of both GH hypersecretion and--if present--concomitantly elevated PRL levels. Severe side effects or a further tumor growth could not be observed. Thus, the data of the longest follow-up investigation that has so far been published indicate that effective life-long bromocriptine therapy seems to be possible in selected patients with acromegaly.
Volume Rejuvenation of the Lower Third, Perioral, and Jawline (2015)

This is the third and final article discussing volumetric rejuvenation of the face. The previous two articles, Rejuvenation of the Upper Third and Management of the Middle Third, focused on the upper two-thirds of the face while this article focuses on the lower face, including the marionette area, jawline, and neck. Again, the authors of the previous two articles have provided a summary of rejuvenation utilizing a product of which they are considered an expert. Robert Glasgold has provided volumetric analysis of the region as an introduction.
Bringing the Visible Universe into Focus with Robo-AO (2013)

The angular resolution of ground-based optical telescopes is limited by the degrading effects of the turbulent atmosphere. In the absence of an atmosphere, the angular resolution of a typical telescope is limited only by diffraction, i.e., the wavelength of interest, λ, divided by the size of its primary mirror's aperture, D. For example, the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), with a 2.4-m primary mirror, has an angular resolution at visible wavelengths of ~0.04 arc seconds. The atmosphere is composed of air at slightly different temperatures, and therefore different indices of refraction, constantly mixing. Light waves are bent as they pass through the inhomogeneous atmosphere. When a telescope on the ground focuses these light waves, instantaneous images appear fragmented, changing as a function of time. As a result, long-exposure images acquired using ground-based telescopes - even telescopes with four times the diameter of HST - appear blurry and have an angular resolution of roughly 0.5 to 1.5 arc seconds at best. Astronomical adaptive-optics systems compensate for the effects of atmospheric turbulence. First, the shape of the incoming non-planar wave is determined using measurements of a nearby bright star by a wavefront sensor. Next, an element in the optical system, such as a deformable mirror, is commanded to correct the shape of the incoming light wave. Additional corrections are made at a rate sufficient to keep up with the dynamically changing atmosphere through which the telescope looks, ultimately producing diffraction-limited images. The fidelity of the wavefront sensor measurement is based upon how well the incoming light is spatially and temporally sampled1. Finer sampling requires brighter reference objects. While the brightest stars can serve as reference objects for imaging targets from several to tens of arc seconds away in the best conditions, most interesting astronomical targets do not have sufficiently bright stars nearby. One solution is to focus a high-power laser beam in the direction of the astronomical target to create an artificial reference of known shape, also known as a 'laser guide star'. The Robo-AO laser adaptive optics system2,3 employs a 10-W ultraviolet laser focused at a distance of 10 km to generate a laser guide star. Wavefront sensor measurements of the laser guide star drive the adaptive optics correction resulting in diffraction-limited images that have an angular resolution of ~0.1 arc seconds on a 1.5-m telescope.
Quantitation of antibody against cell wall mannan and a major cytoplasmic antigen of Candida in rabbits, mice, and humans (1980)

Cell wall mannan of type A Candida albicans was purified, conjugated with tyramine, and labeled with 125I. Labeled cell wall mannan was used in a radioimmunoassay to measure serum antimannan antibody levels. An ammonium sulfate-soluble fraction of a cytoplasmic extract of C. albicans contained a large amount of a major cytoplasmic antigen of this organism. When the sulfate-soluble fraction was labeled with 125I, much more 125I attached to this major antigen than to the other antigens present in the sulfate-soluble fraction. Thus, when serum antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody levels were measured by a radioimmunoassay which used the iodine-labeled sulfate-soluble fraction, antibody against this major cytoplasmic antigen was quantitated. Both radioimmunoassays were used to measure antimannan and antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody levels in mice, rabbits, and humans. Irrespective of the procedure used to elicit antibody against C. albicans antigens, mice failed to produce antimannan antibody. By contrast, all strains of mice tested produced antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody after immunization, and the magnitude of this antibody response depended on the strain of mice immunized. Rabbits readily produced antibody against both mannan and sulfate-soluble fraction when immunized by a variety of methods. Antimannan antibody was detected in 100% of sera from a randomly selected sample of 50 hospitalized patients. Only 1 of 50 patients had antisulfate-soluble fraction antibody detectable by radioimmunoassay. In pooled normal human serum, most antimannan antibody was of the immunoglobulin G class.
Comparison of two LC-MS/MS methods for the quantification of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in patients and external quality assurance samples (2021)

This study is the first to assess the comparability of 24,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> concentrations in a mixed cohort of hospitalized patients with two fully validated in-house LC-MS/MS methods. Despite different sample preparation, chromatographic separation and ionization, both methods showed high precision measurements of 24,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub>. Furthermore, we demonstrate the improvement of accuracy and precision measurements of 24,25(OH)<sub>2</sub>D<sub>3</sub> in serum samples and in the DEQAS program.
Linear modeling of genetic networks from experimental data. (2000)

In this paper, the regulatory interactions between genes are modeled by a linear genetic network that is estimated from gene expression data. The inference of such a genetic network is hampered by the dimensionality problem. This problem is inherent in all gene expression data since the number of genes by far exceeds the number of measured time points. Consequently, there are infinitely many solutions that fit the data set perfectly. In this paper, this problem is tackled by combining genes with similar expression profiles in a single prototypical 'gene'. Instead of modeling the genes individually, the relations between prototypical genes are modeled. In this way, genes that cannot be distinguished based on their expression profiles are grouped together and their common control action is modeled instead. This process reduces the number of signals and imposes a structure on the model that is supported by the fact that biological genetic networks are thought to be redundant and sparsely connected. In essence, the ambiguity in model solutions is represented explicitly by providing a generalized model that expresses the basic regulatory interactions between groups of similarly expressed genes. The modeling approach is illustrated on artificial as well as real data.
Accurate bit allocation and rate control for DCT domain video transcoding (2003)

For video transmission over heterogeneous networks and devices, the compressed video stream has to be converted into a lower transmission bit rate or a small spatial resolution. The operation of converting a video in compressed format into another video also in compressed format is called video transcoding. The specific transcoding issue mentioned here is referred to as bit rate adaptation or rate shaping. We present a novel bit allocation and rate control algorithm for DCT domain video transcoding. Implementation results show that the proposed algorithm can provide accurate bit allocation and better video quality. Compared to TMN-8, the proposed scheme can generate a more stable video stream and maintain an even buffer occupancy level. This rate control scheme can be used to provide flexible video bit rate adaptation and stable transmission of video streams over heterogeneous networks.
“Click to Chelate”:  Synthesis and Installation of Metal Chelates into Biomolecules in a Single Step (2006)

Click chemistry has been employed for the assembly of novel and efficient triazole-based multidentate chelating systems while simultaneously attaching them to molecules of biological interest. The "click-to-chelate" approach offers a powerful new tool for the modification of (bio)molecules with metal chelators for potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
A Biocultural Analysis of Social Organization at Monte Albán (1981)

Skeletal material from high and low status interments at Monte Alban, Oaxaca, is used to evaluate the biocultural relationship between the two samples. Analyses of sex ratios, and metric and nonmetric variables fail to demonstrate a significant difference between the two groups, and suggest that class endogamy was unlikely. Analysis of the age structure of the samples provides evidence for a significant difference; social mobility and status achievement are suggested. Models of the growth and development of Monte Alban are evaluated in light of the biocultural analyses.
Cardiovascular complications of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. (2019)

2568 Background: Cardiac toxicity has largely been underestimated toxicity of checkpoint inhibitors. There have been several cases of myocarditis and fatal heart failure reported in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors. We did a retrospective analysis of data of adverse effects of drugs that has been made available to public by the FDA. Methods: The FDA has made the data on adverse effects of various treatments available to general public through the FDA Adverse Events Reports System (FAERS) public dashboard. We investigated the cardiac toxicities of various immune check point inhibitor therapies available at FDERS for the years 2017-2018. Results: The reviewed the reported side effects of pembrolizumab, nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab and ipilimumab from FDA data. A total of 36,848 toxicities from immunotherapies were reported. Out of that, 2316(6.2 %) were cardio toxicities and 816 were fatal. The most common cardiac complications were as follows: myocarditis (15%), atrial fibrillation (13%), pericardial disease including pericardial effusion (13%), cardiac failure (17%) and coronary artery disease (19%). Approximately 50%, 43%, 40% 22% and 15 % of cases with myocarditis, ischemic heart disease, cardiac failure, atrial fibrillation and pericardia disease were fatal. Conclusions: Out of the reported cases of adverse reaction to check point inhibitor, 6.2% were cardio toxicities. 35% of cardio toxicities were fatal. Half of the cases who developed myocarditis died. There was no statistical difference in rate of cardiotoxicities caused by PD1, PDL1 or CTLA 4 inhibitors.
Modular Synthesis of Fused Indole Derivatives (2006)

Complementary routes to strained doubly cycloalkyl-fused indole derivatives using modern cross-coupling methodology are reported. Stille coupling of 7-stannylated indoline with 2-iodo cyclic enones leads to the key intermediate A which, by reduction and LiHMDS-mediated triflation using Comins’ excellent reagent, gives isomeric triflates. The latter compounds are deprotected and transformed to the tetracyclic indole derivative B by the Buchwald-Hartwig C-N coupling tactic or, directly, by acid-catalyzed cyclization. The overall yields are reasonable but the scope in terms of benzene-moiety substitution and variable cycloalkyl ring size remains to be explored.
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. VIII. 6-Phenylazo-s-triazolo [2, 3-α] pyrimidines. (1961)

Several 6-phenylazo-s-triazolo [2, 3-α] pyrimidine derivatives were synthesized by either of the following two methods : 1) Benzenediazonium salt was coupled with s-triazolo [2, 3-α] pyrimidine derivatives at 6-position, by which the effect of 5- and 7-positions in s-triazolo [2, 3-α] pyrimidine was clarified. 2) 2-Phenylazo-1, 3-dicarbonyl compounds were condensed with 5-amino-s-triazole (IX).
Compositional and structural analysis of Fukushima-derived particulates using high-resolution x-ray imaging and synchrotron characterisation techniques (2020)

Both the three-dimensional internal structure and elemental distribution of near-field radioactive fallout particulate material released during the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant is analysed using combined high-resolution laboratory and synchrotron radiation x-ray techniques. Results from this study allow for the proposition of the likely formation mechanism of the particles, as well as the potential risks associated with their existence in the environment, and the likely implications for future planned reactor decommissioning. A suite of particles is analyzed from a locality 2 km from the north-western perimeter of the site - north of the primary contaminant plume in an area formerly attributed to being contaminated by fallout from reactor Unit 1. The particles are shown to exhibit significant structural similarities; being amorphous with a textured exterior, and containing inclusions of contrasting compositions, as well as an extensive internal void volume - bimodal in its size distribution. A heterogeneous distribution of the various elemental constituents is observed inside a representative particle, which also exhibited a Fukushima-derived radiocesium (134Cs, 135Cs and 137Cs) signature with negligible natural Cs. We consider the structure and composition of the particle to suggest it formed from materials associated with the reactor Unit 1 building explosion, with debris fragments embedded into the particles surface. Such a high void ratio, comparable to geological pumice, suggests such material formed during a rapid depressurisation and is potentially susceptible to fragmentation through attrition.
Intelligent frequency-shifted optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase imaging (Conference Presentation) (2020)

The traditional diagnosis of leukemia relies on pathologists to observe and classify cells on bone marrow smears, which is low-throughput, time-consuming, and subject to human bias. To overcome these limitations, we demonstrate intelligent frequency-shifted optofluidic time-stretch quantitative phase imaging (OTS-QPI) that acquires bright-field and quantitative phase images of white blood cells (WBCs) containing leukemia cells with high throughput (15,000 cells/s) for deep-learning-based classification. After trained with 64,000 images, a convolutional neural network (CNN) distinguishes three different types of leukemia cells from WBCs with an accuracy of over 96%. Our method provides new possibilities for high-throughput, label-free, and intelligent leukemia diagnosis.
Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli in Chicken Meat and Edible Poultry Organs Collected from Retail Shops and Supermarkets of North Western Province in Sri Lanka (2022)

Escherichia coli is a commensal bacterium that lives in human and animal intestines. Shiga toxin-producing strains of E. coli STECs are responsible for most food-related E. coli infections. Pathogenic E. coli transmits to human bodies due to the consumption of contaminated, raw, or undercooked food. This study was conducted to identify the prevalence of E. coli contamination in edible poultry meat and meat organs in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka. A total of 250 samples consisting of chicken meat (n = 144) and edible organs (n = 106) were collected from retail shops (n = 181) and supermarkets (n = 69), in both Kurunegala and Puttlam districts. The prevalence of E. coli from 250 chicken meat samples was 66.80% (167/250); E. coli prevalence at retail shops (66.85%) was higher than that at supermarkets (66.67%) and was not statistically significant. E. coli prevalence in chicken meat and edible organs was 65.73% and 69.16%, respectively. Molecular confirmation for the positive samples was done through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using previously designed primers. An antibiotic susceptibility test was performed according to CLSI using nine antibiotics: ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, cephalexin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and tetracycline. Most isolates were resistant to erythromycin (80.84%) and amoxicillin (76.05%), while the least resistance was observed for gentamicin (4.79%). This study indicates the potential public health risk associated with chicken sold at retail and supermarket levels in the North Western Province of Sri Lanka.