gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A full greenhouse gases budget of Africa: synthesis, uncertainties, and vulnerabilities (2014)

Abstract. This paper, developed under the framework of the RECCAP initiative, aims at providing improved estimates of the carbon and GHG (CO2, CH4 and N2O) balance of continental Africa. The various components and processes of the African carbon and GHG budget are considered, existing data reviewed, and new data from different methodologies (inventories, ecosystem flux measurements, models, and atmospheric inversions) presented. Uncertainties are quantified and current gaps and weaknesses in knowledge and monitoring systems described in order to guide future requirements. The majority of results agree that Africa is a small sink of carbon on an annual scale, with an average value of −0.61 ± 0.58 Pg C yr−1. Nevertheless, the emissions of CH4 and N2O may turn Africa into a net source of radiative forcing in CO2 equivalent terms. At sub-regional level, there is significant spatial variability in both sources and sinks, due to the diversity of biomes represented and differences in the degree of anthropic impacts. Southern Africa is the main source region; while central Africa, with its evergreen tropical forests, is the main sink. Emissions from land-use change in Africa are significant (around 0.32 ± 0.05 Pg C yr−1), even higher than the fossil fuel emissions: this is a unique feature among all the continents. There could be significant carbon losses from forest land even without deforestation, resulting from the impact of selective logging. Fires play a significant role in the African carbon cycle, with 1.03 ± 0.22 Pg C yr−1 of carbon emissions, and 90% originating in savannas and dry woodlands. A large portion of the wild fire emissions are compensated by CO2 uptake during the growing season, but an uncertain fraction of the emission from wood harvested for domestic use is not. Most of these fluxes have large interannual variability, on the order of ±0.5 Pg C yr−1 in standard deviation, accounting for around 25% of the year-to-year variation in the global carbon budget. Despite the high uncertainty, the estimates provided in this paper show the important role that Africa plays in the global carbon cycle, both in terms of absolute contribution, and as a key source of interannual variability.
6E11, a highly selective inhibitor of Receptor-Interacting Protein Kinase 1, protects cells against cold hypoxia-reoxygenation injury (2017)

Necroptosis is a programmed cell death pathway that has been shown to be of central pathophysiological relevance in multiple disorders (hepatitis, brain and cardiac ischemia, pancreatitis, viral infection and inflammatory diseases). Necroptosis is driven by two serine threonine kinases, RIPK1 (Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 1) and RIPK3, and a pseudo-kinase MLKL (Mixed Lineage Kinase domain-Like) associated in a multi-protein complex called necrosome. In order to find new inhibitors for use in human therapy, a chemical library containing highly diverse chemical structures was screened using a cell-based assay. The compound 6E11, a natural product derivative, was characterized as a positive hit. Interestingly, this flavanone compound: inhibits necroptosis induced by death receptors ligands TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor) or TRAIL (TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand); is an extremely selective inhibitor, among kinases, of human RIPK1 enzymatic activity with a nM Kd; has a non-ATP competitive mode of action and a novel putative binding site; is weakly cytotoxic towards human primary blood leukocytes or retinal pigment epithelial cells at effective concentrations; protects human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) from cold hypoxia/reoxygenation injury more effectively than necrostatin-1 (Nec-1) and Nec-1s. Altogether, these data demonstrate that 6E11 is a novel potent small molecular inhibitor of RIPK1-driven necroptosis.
REVIEW: Topical Hemostatic Agents for Dermatologic Surgery (1988)

Topical hemostatic agents are very helpful in attaining capillary and small vessel hemostasis in dermatologic surgery. The commonly used topical hemostatic agents, including oxidized cellulose, absorbable gelatin, and thrombin are reviewed, along with newer agents such as microfibrillar collagen, fibrin sealants, and acrylates. Agents best suited for certain situations are recommended.
Exploring polarmetric infrared using classic image computing methods (2011)

In this paper we apply classic image computing methods to a dataset of passive polarmetric long wave infrared data (LWIR). By employing several different pattern recognition techniques such as k-means clustering, support vector machine (SVM), Naive Bayes, and AdaBoost, we demonstrate accurate classification of skin vs. background with an 84% average classification rate. In addition we explored classification using different polarmetric features such as degree of linear polarization (DoLP), angle of linear polarization (AoLP), and the newly introduced, delta and rho functions.
Sensitive, Selective, and Fast Detection of ppb-Level H2S Gas Boosted by ZnO-CuO Mesocrystal (2016)

ZnO-CuO mesocrystal was prepared via topotactic transformation using one-step direct annealing of aqueous precursor solution and assembled into a H<sub>2</sub>S sensor. The ZnO-CuO mesocrystal-based sensor possesses good linearity and high sensitivity in the low-concentration range (10-200 ppb). Compared to pure CuO, the as-prepared ZnO-CuO mesocrystal sensor exhibited superior H<sub>2</sub>S sensing performance with a response ranging from 8.6 to 152 % towards H<sub>2</sub>S concentrations from 10 ppb to 10 ppm when applied at the optimized working temperature of 125 °C. The sensor showed excellent repeatability and good selectivity towards H<sub>2</sub>S gas even at a concentration four orders of magnitude lower than the interfering gases, such as H<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, CO, NO<sub>2</sub>, acetone, and NH<sub>3</sub>. The improved sensitivity could be attributed partially to the effective diffusion of analyte gas through the mesocrystal surface and the abundant accessible active sites. Moreover, the nanoscale p-n junctions within the mesocrystal, which could effectively manipulate the local charge carrier concentration, are also beneficial to boost the sensing performance.
Global Gene Expression Profile of Acinetobacter baumannii During Bacteremia (2016)

This study provides the first insight into A. baumannii gene expression profiles during a life-threatening mammalian infection. Analysis of differentially regulated genes highlights numerous potential targets for the design of novel therapeutics.
Plasmid Transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii OP (1987)

Azotobacter vinelandii OP which had been naturally induced to competence by growth in iron- and molybdenum-limited medium was transformed with the broad-host-range cloning vector pKT210. However, the transformation frequency at nearly saturating levels of DNA was 1000-fold lower for pKT210 than for a single chromosomal DNA marker (nif+). Plasmid- and chromosomal-DNA-mediated transformation events were competitive, magnesium-dependent, 42 degrees C-sensitive processes specific to double-stranded DNA, suggesting a common mechanism of DNA binding and uptake. The low frequency of plasmid transformation was not related to restriction of transforming DNA or to the growth period allowed for phenotypic expression. Covalently-closed-circular and open-circular forms of pKT210 transformed cells equally well whereas EcoRI- or HindIII-linearized pKT210 transformed cells with two to three times greater efficiency. Genetic transformation was enhanced 10- to 50-fold when pKT210 contained an insert fragment of A. vinelandii nif DNA, indicating that A. vinelandii possessed a homology-facilitated transformation system. However, all transformants failed to maintain the plasmid-encoded antibiotic resistance determinants, and extrachromosomal plasmid DNA was not recovered from these cells. Flush-ended pKT210 was not active in transformation; however, competent cells were transformed to Nif+ by HincII-digested plasmid DNA containing the cloned A. vinelandii nif-10 marker.
The role of aluminum oxide buffer layer in organic spin-valves performance (2009)

The electronic structures of the 8-hydroxyquinoline-aluminum (Alq3)/Al2O3/Co interfaces were studied by photoelectron spectroscopy. A strong interface dipole was observed, which leads to a reduction in the electron injection barrier. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra further indicate that the Al2O3 buffer layer prevents the chemical interaction between Alq3 molecules and Co atoms. X-ray magnetic circular dichroism results demonstrate that a Co layer deposited on an Al2O3 buffered Alq3 layer shows better magnetic ordering in the interface region than directly deposited Co, which suggests a better performance of spin valves with such a buffer layer. This is consistent with the recent results from [Dediu et al., Phys. Rev. B 78, 115203 (2008)].
Bridging contributions to polyelectrolyte brush collapse in multivalent salt solutions (2015)

ABSTRACT Polyelectrolyte brushes are essential in many aspects of surface functionality, particularly for colloidal stabilization and lubrication in biological and materials science applications. It has been shown experimentally that the brushes undergo an abrupt shrinkage in the presence of multivalent counter‐ions. This transition is studied here using a phenomenological mean‐field approach with a model that specifically includes bridging of the polyelectrolyte chains by the multiple charges on the multivalent counter‐ions. Using an energy balance represented by the sum of electrostatic, polymeric and entropic mean‐field terms, additional parameterized phenomenological terms are introduced for counter‐ion condensation and for the attractive interaction between adjacent polyelectrolyte chains to account for the bridging effect. The free energy is minimized with respect to the counter‐ion populations and the brush height. In agreement with experimental observations, increasing the concentration of multivalent ions leads to a sharp collapse of the polyelectrolyte brush height. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 284–291
Preparation and high-frequency properties of high Tc superconducting thin films (1990)

Single target in situ sputter deposition using 9O off-axis geometry has made it possible to study various physical properties of superconducting films of YBaCu3O'x under well controlled conditions. The superconducting DC and high frequency properties, and the normal state properties can all be optimized under conditions which do not necessarily produce the highest Tc's. Surface resistances at 4.2 K and 10 GHz are reproducibly less than 20 iQ. Correlations between the processing parameters, DC properties, microstructures and high frequency properties of these films as they are presently known are summarized.
Proteomic signatures of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) distinguishes different outcome groups across cytogenetics and identified potential therapy targets (2006)

6523 Background: Cytogenetics (CG) guide AML treatment but reliable markers predicting response and relapse within CG groups are missing. We therefore determined whether functional proteomic signatures can classify AML into groups with different outcomes and risk of relapse. Method: Using Reverse Phase Protein Array, total and phospho-site specific expression of 37 proteins in 73 primary AML was measured. Outcomes in the set were comprised equally of primary refractory (PR), relapsed (Rel) and continuous complete remission (CCR) patients. Cell lysates were spotted on nitrocellulose coated slides, probed with validated antibodies, expression intensities were quantified, data was standardized and analyzed for correlations using different clustering approaches. Results: Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on Pearsons’ correlation distance yielded 4 large clusters. Subsequent perturbation bootstrap re-sampling arranged samples into four classes that correlated with initial response to therapy and risk of relapse (see Table ). Protein profiles in each of he 4 classes differed. Cytogenetic marker distribution were similar across the 4 clusters. Class 1 and 4 demonstrated a similar predictive value of patient outcome as cytogenetics. In classes at highest risk of relapse (2, 3) different proteins were predictive of response. In class 2, the most discriminatory proteins predicting CCR were elevated AMPK, p27, 4-EBP1, BclXL. In class 3, relapsed patients had elevated PTEN, phospho-Stat3, total Stat3, and phospho-PKCα compared to CCR patients. Conclusion: Pretreatment protein expression signatures divide AML into classes that predict for initial achievement of CR and subsequent relapse independent of CG. Poteomic profiling may suggest potential therapy targets as opposed to CG or transcriptional profiling. These preliminary results need to be confirmed in formal training and test sets prior to changing patient management. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Monoclonal Antibody to Shiga Toxin 2 Which Blocks Receptor Binding and Neutralizes Cytotoxicity (1999)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) was raised against Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2) of Escherichia coli O157:H7. MAb VTm1.1 belonged to the immunoglobulin G1 subclass and had a kappa light chain, and it could neutralize the cytotoxic activity of Stx2 and variants derived from patient strains but not that of variants derived from animals. MAb VTm1.1 was shown to bind to the B subunit of these neutralized Stx2s by Western blotting. Comparison of B-subunit amino acid sequences and reactivities to these Stxs suggested six amino acids (Ser30, Ser53, Glu56, Gln65, Asn68, and Asp69) that were candidates for the MAb VTm1.1 epitope. Consequently, five Stx2 mutants (S30N, S53N, E56H, Q65K, and N68Ter) were prepared by site-directed mutagenesis to determine which residue is essential for the epitope. All of these mutants showed cytotoxicity almost equal to that of the wild-type Stx2. Of the five Stx2 mutants, only E56H could not be neutralized by MAb VTm1.1. Western blot analysis also showed that MAb VTm1.1 could not bind to the E56H B subunit. These results indicated that Glu56 is an important residue recognized by MAb VTm1. 1. Immunofluorescence analysis further indicated that MAb VTm1.1 inhibits the binding of Stx2 to its receptors. MAb VTm1.1 could be a useful therapeutic agent for Shiga toxin-producing E. coli infection.
Vasoreactivity and peri-infarct hyperintensities in stroke (2009)

Perfusion augmentation is inadequate in multiple vascular territories in patients with large artery ischemic infarcts, but vasoconstriction is preserved. Peri-infarct T2 hyperintensities are associated with lower blood flow. Strategies aimed to preserve vasoreactivity after an ischemic stroke should be tested for their effect on long-term outcomes.
Current Understanding of Pneumocystis Immunology (2009)

Pneumocystis jirovecii is the opportunistic fungal organism that causes Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans. Similar to other opportunistic pathogens, Pneumocystis causes disease in individuals who are immunocompromised, particularly those infected with HIV. PCP remains the most common opportunistic infection in patients with AIDS. Incidence has decreased greatly with the advent of HAART. However, an increase in the non-HIV immunocompromised population, noncompliance with current treatments, emergence of drug-resistant strains and rise in HIV(+) cases in developing countries makes Pneumocystis a pathogen of continued interest and a public health threat. A great deal of research interest has addressed therapeutic interventions to boost waning immunity in the host to prevent or treat PCP. This article focuses on research conducted during the previous 5 years regarding the host immune response to Pneumocystis, including innate, cell-mediated and humoral immunity, and associated immunotherapies tested against PCP.
Through-thickness superconducting and normal-state transport properties revealed by thinning of thick film ex situ YBa2Cu3O7−x coated conductors (2003)

A rapid decrease in the critical current density (Jc) of YBa2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) films with increasing film thickness has been observed for multiple YBCO growth processes. While such behavior is predicted from two-dimensional collective pinning models under certain assumptions, empirical observations of the thickness dependence of Jc are believed to be largely processing dependent at present. To investigate this behavior in ex situ YBCO films, 2.0- and 2.9-μm-thick YBCO films on ion beam assisted deposition-yttria stabilized zirconia substrates were thinned and repeatedly measured for ρ(T) and Jc(H). The 2.9 μm film exhibited a constant Jc[77 K, self-field (SF)] through thickness of ∼1 MA/cm2 while the 2.0 μm film exhibited an increase in Jc(77 K, SF) as it was thinned. Neither film offered evidence of significant dead layers, suggesting that further increases in critical current can be obtained by growing thicker YBCO layers.
Relationship Between Statin Use and Colon Cancer Recurrence and Survival: Results From CALGB 89803 (2021)

Although preclinical and epidemiological data suggest that statins may have antineoplastic properties, the impact of statin use on patient survival after a curative resection of stage III colon cancer is unknown.
Interphase $LC$ Resonance and Stability Analysis of Series-Capacitor Buck Converters (2023)

Hybrid switched capacitor power converters, such as the series-capacitor buck (SCB) converter, have intrinsic <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonant dynamics that might influence its control stability and transient response. This letter presents a systematic approach to analyzing this intrinsic resonant behavior, which can be classified into output <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC_{o}$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonance and interphase <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$LC_{B}$</tex-math></inline-formula> resonance based on common-mode and differential-mode decomposition. The impacts of coupled inductors on the resonant amplitude, frequency, and settling time during a step line transient are analyzed. The influence of intrinsic resonance on control stability is clarified, providing guidance for controller design. A two-phase SCB prototype was built and tested with discrete and coupled inductors under different operating conditions. All the analyses are verified by simulation or experimental results.
Titanium dioxide as gate insulator for m.o.s. transistors (1970)

Metal-oxide-semiconductor (m.o.s.) transistors using titanium dioxide as the gate insulator have been fabricated which are of n channel enhancement type. Owing to the high permittivity of titanium dioxide, the transistors have low threshold voltages and high transconductance.
15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prostaglandin J2 induces apoptosis in human malignant B cells: an effect associated with inhibition of NF-κB activity and down-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins (2004)

Cyclopentenone prostaglandins are potent inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B), a transcription factor with a critical role in promoting inflammation and connected with multiple aspects of oncogenesis and cancer cell survival. In the present report, we investigated the role of NF-kappa B in the antineoplastic activity of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) in multiple myeloma (MM) and Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells expressing constitutively active NF-kappa B. 15d-PGJ(2) was found to suppress constitutive NF-kappa B activity and potently induce apoptosis in both types of B-cell malignancies. 15d-PGJ(2)-induced apoptosis occurs through multiple caspase activation pathways involving caspase-8 and caspase-9, and is prevented by pretreatment with the pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD (z-Val-Ala-Asp). NF-kappa B inhibition is accompanied by rapid down-regulation of NF-kappa B-dependent antiapoptotic gene products, including cellular inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP-1), cIAP-2, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP), and FLICE-inhibitory protein (cFLIP). These effects were mimicked by the proteasome inhibitor MG-132, but not by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) agonist troglitazone, suggesting that 15d-PGJ(2)-induced apoptosis is independent of PPAR-gamma. Knockdown of the NF-kappa B p65-subunit by lentiviral-mediated shRNA interference also resulted in apoptosis induction in malignant B cells with constitutively active NF-kappa B. The results indicate that inhibition of NF-kappa B plays a major role in the proapoptotic activity of 15d-PGJ(2) in aggressive B-cell malignancies characterized by aberrant regulation of NF-kappa B.
Arming Immune Cell Therapeutics with Polymeric Prodrugs (2021)

Engineered immune cells are an exciting therapeutic modality, which survey and attack tumors. Backpacking strategies exploit cell targeting capabilities for delivery of drugs to combat tumors and their immune-suppressive environments. Here, a new platform for arming cell therapeutics through dual receptor and polymeric prodrug engineering is developed. Macrophage and T cell therapeutics are engineered to express a bioorthogonal single chain variable fragment receptor. The receptor binds a fluorescein ligand that directs cell loading with ligand-tagged polymeric prodrugs, termed "drugamers." The fluorescein ligand facilitates stable binding of drugamer to engineered macrophages over 10 days with 80% surface retention. Drugamers also incorporate prodrug monomers of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase inhibitor, PI-103. The extended release of PI-103 from the drugamer sustains antiproliferative activity against a glioblastoma cell line compared to the parent drug. The versatility and modularity of this cell arming system is demonstrated by loading T cells with a second fluorescein-drugamer. This drugamer incorporates a small molecule estrogen analog, CMP8, which stabilizes a degron-tagged transgene to provide temporal regulation of protein activity in engineered T cells. These results demonstrate that this bioorthogonal receptor and drugamer system can be used to arm multiple immune cell classes with both antitumor and transgene-activating small molecule prodrugs.
Comparison of 125I‐SCH 23982 and [3H]SCH 23390 as Ligands for the D‐1 Dopamine Receptor (1988)

125I-SCH 23982, an antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for the D-1 subtype of dopamine receptors, has recently been synthesized. Densities of D-1 receptors in rat brain obtained from autoradiographic studies using this iodinated ligand are 5- to 10-fold less than densities reported with tritiated analogues such as [3H]SCH 23390. A direct comparison of these two ligands using striatal homogenates confirmed this discrepancy. One explanation for this difference is that 125I-SCH 23982 labels a subset of the sites labeled by [3H]SCH 23390. However, the distributions of sites labeled by the ligands in autoradiograms of horizontal sections of rat brain were virtually identical. Furthermore, 127I-SCH 23982 displaced 100% of the specifically bound [3H]SCH 23390 in striatal homogenates with a Hill coefficient of approximately 1. These results are not consistent with the existence of a subset of receptors recognized by 125I-SCH 23982 and suggest that both ligands label the same population of receptors. An alternative explanation for the discrepancy in Bmax values is that an unlabeled inhibitor is present in commercial preparations of 125I-SCH 23982. When all of the solvent (including any volatile inhibitors) was removed from commercial preparations of 125I-SCH 23982 prior to use in radioligand binding experiments, the discrepancy in Bmax values was eliminated.