gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The two-edge connectivity survivable-network design problem in planar graphs (2013)

Consider the following problem: given a graph with edge costs and a subset Q of vertices, find a minimum-cost subgraph in which there are two edge-disjoint paths connecting every pair of vertices in Q. The problem is a failure-resilient analog of the Steiner tree problem arising, for example, in telecommunications applications. We study a more general mixed-connectivity formulation, also employed in telecommunications optimization. Given a number (or requirement) r(v) in {0, 1, 2} for each vertex v in the graph, find a minimum-cost subgraph in which there are min{r(u), r(v)} edge-disjoint u-to-v paths for every pair u, v of vertices. We address the problem in planar graphs, considering a popular relaxation in which the solution is allowed to use multiple copies of the input-graph edges (paying separately for each copy). The problem is max SNP-hard in general graphs and strongly NP-hard in planar graphs. We give the first polynomial-time approximation scheme in planar graphs. The running time is O(n log n). Under the additional restriction that the requirements are only non-zero for vertices on the boundary of a single face of a planar graph, we give a polynomial-time algorithm to find the optimal solution.
Promising Strategies for Future Treatment of Klebsiella Pneumoniae Biofilms (2020)

<i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> is a Gram-negative pathogenic bacterium that has the ability to aggregate as biofilm, representing one of the main agents in hospital infections, showing high rates of resistance to antibiotics. The <i>K. pneumoniae</i> biofilm aggregates are composed mainly of extracellular polysaccharides, eDNA and proteins. Besides, biofilms can attach to medical devices, such as endotracheal tubes and catheters, but are most dangerous on body surfaces. Here, we discuss the recent findings about the resistance mechanisms of <i>K. pneumoniae</i> biofilms, including genes and protein involved in 'classic', multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains, and also virulence factors. In addition, we also explore new strategies for possible treatment of these biofilms, and recently discovered molecules which may lead to future treatments.
Characterization of Plant-Derived Saponin Natural Products against Candida albicans (2010)

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen capable of life-threatening disseminated infections particularly in immunocompromised patients. Resistance to many clinically used antifungal agents has created a need to identify and develop a new generation of compounds for therapeutic use. A compound screen to identify potential antifungal natural products was undertaken, identifying 12 saponins, some of which have not been previously described. In the Caenorhabditis elegans model, some saponins conferred nematode survival comparable to that of amphotericin B. Of the 12 antifungal saponins identified, two were selected for further analysis. C. albicans isolates were inhibited by these compounds at relatively low concentrations (16 and 32 microg mL(-1)) including isolates resistant to clinically used antifungal agents. C. albicans hyphae and biofilm formation were also disrupted in the presence of these natural products, and studies demonstrate that fungal cells in the presence of saponins are more susceptible to salt-induced osmotic stress. Although saponins are known for their hemolytic activity, no hemolysis of erythrocytes was observed at three times the minimal inhibitory concentration for C. albicans, suggesting the saponins may have a preference for binding to fungal ergosterol when compared to cholesterol. Importantly, when used in combination with photosensitizer compounds, the fungus displayed increased susceptibility to photodynamic inactivation due to the ability of the saponins to increase cell permeability, thereby facilitating penetration of the photosensitizers. The large proportion of compounds identified as antifungal agents containing saponin structural features suggests it may be a suitable chemical scaffold for a new generation of antifungal compounds.
Selectivity of 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG for differentiating tumor from inflammation in a rodent model. (2004)

In (18)F-FDG PET images, both tumor and inflammation were visible, but (18)F-FLT PET showed only the tumor. Thus, the hypothesis that (18)F-FLT has a higher tumor specificity was confirmed in our animal model.
A novel flow sensor with high time resolution based on differential pressure principle (1999)

In this paper, a novel flow sensor for liquids is presented. This concept allows a simple one-chip solution based on an established technology. The sensor consists of a common piezoresistive pressure sensor with an orifice in the sensor diaphragm, which forms a flow restriction. If the diameter of the orifice is made large compared to the thickness of the pressure sensor membrane, the flow signal becomes temperature-independent. Experiments have shown, that the time resolution of the sensor is in the order of one millisecond. Further, gas bubbles cause a blocking effect the threshold pressure of which varies between a few hPa at large orifices and about hundred hPa at small orifices.
Correcting Radiated EM Emission Data Measured in Nonideal Environments (1986)

The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) requires that all computing devices meet radiated electromagnetic (EM) emission limits before they are marketed in the United States. EM emission measurements must be made in an environment where the results can be correlated with the results of tests made in an open field. Although the FCC does not specify a method of correlation, it is not uncommon to add or subtract correction factors to the measured results. These correction factors are usually arrived at by comparing data taken in the nonideal environment with theoretical or open-field data. However, when correction factors are applied without regard to the characteristics of the EM source, the corrected value may be more in error than the uncorrected value.
Optimization of Partially Textured Parallel Thrust Bearings With Square-Shaped Micro-Dimples (2006)

In this study we attempt to find optimum geometrical parameters of square-shape micro-dimples imposed on parallel flat bearing surfaces which give the best tribological performance, including load capacity and friction coefficient. An analytical solution of Reynolds equation for the surfaces involving numerous dimples is presented, then considering the variations of number of dimples as well as dimple length and height ratios for a constant dimpled area, it is tended to get the optimum value of parameters. It is shown that despite the variations of different studied geometrical parameters, it seems the optimum value of these parameters remain nearly constant.
Highly Antimalaria‐Active Artemisinin Derivatives: Biological Activity Does Not Correlate with Chemical Reactivity (2004)

Neue Leitstrukturen für Antimalariawirkstoffe? 10-Alkylaminoartemisinin-Derivate (siehe Beispielstruktur) zeigen in vivo eine höhere Antimalaria-Aktivität als die Stammverbindung Artemisinin. Frühere Aussagen bezüglich der Antimalaria-Aktivität dieser Verbindungsklasse müssen neu bewertet werden. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z52343_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Clonal analysis by study of X chromosome inactivation in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. (1993)

Analysis of clonality by X chromosome inactivation has proven to be a powerful strategy in the study of neoplastic and preneoplastic disorders (P. J. Fialkow, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 458: 283-321, 1976; B. Vogelstein et al., Cancer Res., 47: 4806-4813, 1987). Recently, the gene for the androgen receptor has been shown to be a highly polymorphic locus in which methylation of DNA correlates with inactivation of one or the other X homologue (R. C. Allen et al., Am. J. Hum. Genet., 51: 1229-1239, 1992). Unlike other loci used for analysis of X inactivation, the methylation sites within the androgen receptor gene lie close to the region of DNA containing the polymorphism. Consequently, it should be possible to use methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and polymerase chain reaction to study differential methylation among alleles of this gene in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded archival tissue specimens. To investigate this question, we performed clonal analysis on a variety of randomly selected, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues from 15 women. Thirteen of the women were found to be heterozygous for polymorphisms at the androgen receptor locus. Among these women, 11 tumors were clearly clonal in assays of methylation of the androgen receptor gene. Interpretation of results for the remaining two cases was complicated because of a skewed pattern of X chromosome inactivation found in normal control tissues. We conclude that analysis of methylation in the androgen receptor gene should allow study of clonality in most formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from women, including small preneoplastic lesions or rare conditions for which sufficient material is not available for analysis by other techniques.
Silencing Homologous RNA Recombination Hot Spots with GC-Rich Sequences in Brome Mosaic Virus (1998)

It has been observed that AU-rich sequences form homologous recombination hot spots in brome mosaic virus (BMV), a tripartite positive-stranded RNA virus of plants (P. D. Nagy and J. J. Bujarski, J. Virol. 71:3799-3810, 1997). To study the effect of GC-rich sequences on the recombination hot spots, we inserted 30-nucleotide-long GC-rich sequences downstream of AU-rich homologous recombination hot spot regions in parental BMV RNAs (RNA2 and RNA3). Although these insertions doubled the length of sequence identity in RNA2 and RNA3, the incidence of homologous RNA2 and RNA3 recombination was reduced markedly. Four different, both highly structured and nonstructured downstream GC-rich sequences had a similar "homologous recombination silencing" effect on the nearby hot spots. The GC-rich sequence-mediated recombination silencing mapped to RNA2, as it was observed when the GC-rich sequence was inserted at downstream locations in both RNA2 and RNA3 or only in the RNA2 component. On the contrary, when the downstream GC-rich sequence was present only in the RNA3 component, it increased the incidence of homologous recombination. In addition, upstream insertions of similar GC-rich sequences increased the incidence of homologous recombination within downstream hot spot regions. Overall, this study reveals the complex nature of homologous recombination in BMV, where sequences flanking the common hot spot regions affect recombination frequency. A replicase-driven template-switching model is presented to explain recombination silencing by GC-rich sequences.
A polarization splitter on LiNbO/sub 3/ using only titanium diffusion (1991)

A novel polarization splitter is proposed for use in integrated optical circuits on lithium niobate. In contrast to previously reported devices, its operation is based on the mode sorting effect with no external control, while its fabrication requires only a single technology: the diffusion of titanium. The splitter is formed by a Y junction. The polarization splitting can be achieved by making the output waveguides from two titanium strips with different dimensions. A realistic design of these output guides is presented, and some technological aspects are discussed. The operation of the polarization splitter is investigated with the beam propagation method. The results show that a 15-dB extinction ratio is obtained with branching angles larger than 0.2 degrees . The extinction ratio can be as high as 30 dB with a branching angle of 0.1 degrees . The excess losses are below 0.05 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Looking closer at acute respiratory distress syndrome: the role of advanced imaging techniques (2016)

Progresses in lung imaging are key to individualize therapy, diagnosis, and pathophysiological mechanism at play in any patient at any specified time, helping to move toward personalized medicine for ARDS.
Historical review of medicinal plants′ usage (2012)

Healing with medicinal plants is as old as mankind itself. The connection between man and his search for drugs in nature dates from the far past, of which there is ample evidence from various sources: written documents, preserved monuments, and even original plant medicines. Awareness of medicinal plants usage is a result of the many years of struggles against illnesses due to which man learned to pursue drugs in barks, seeds, fruit bodies, and other parts of the plants. Contemporary science has acknowledged their active action, and it has included in modern pharmacotherapy a range of drugs of plant origin, known by ancient civilizations and used throughout the millennia. The knowledge of the development of ideas related to the usage of medicinal plants as well as the evolution of awareness has increased the ability of pharmacists and physicians to respond to the challenges that have emerged with the spreading of professional services in facilitation of man's life.
Frequency-bin entangled photons (2010)

A monochromatic laser pumping a parametric down-conversion crystal generates frequency-entangled photon pairs. We study this experimentally by addressing such frequency-entangled photons at telecommunication wavelengths (around $1550$ nm) with fiber-optics components such as electro-optic phase modulators and narrow-band frequency filters. The theory underlying our approach uses the notion of frequency-bin entanglement. Our results show that the phase modulators address coherently up to eleven frequency bins, leading to an interference pattern which can violate by more than five standard deviations a Bell inequality adapted to our setup.
Radiative trapping effects in ruby: 77 K to 300 K (1986)

The fluorescent decay of the 2 E level of the Cr 3+ over the range of 77 K to 300 K has been studied in experimental arrangements pro viding strong trapping of the O-phonon lines. At 300 K, rubies as large as 2.5 cm diameter by 28 cm length were used, packed in highly reflective BaSO 4 powder to provide adequate trapping of the O-phonon fluorescence. The measurements resulted in the explicit determination of the lifetime vibronic transitions and the O-phonon decay rate.
Preparation and Properties of Epoxy Resin Modified Waterborne Polyurethane (2013)

The 4,4-diphenyl methane diisocyanate (MDI), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and epoxy resin (EP-44 and EP-51) were selected to prepare series of water polyurethane modified by epoxy resin (EWPU) by using chain extender, catalyst, and neutralizer. The influence of such factors as the R (NCO/OH), the contents of DMPA and epoxy resin on the performance of emulsion and film were discussed in details. The results shows that when R was 1.7, DMPA content was 7%, epoxy resin content was 8%, the EWPU emulsion appears brilliantly and shows great stability, it was measured that the water absorption, tensile strength and breaking elongation of the film are respectively 8.41%, 15.52MPa and 318%. Moreover, the comprehensive performance of the WPU modified by E-44 is better than that modified by E-51. According to the FTIR analysis, the EP has been successfully introduced to the waterborne polyurethane molecular chain.
The preparation and characterization of locust vitellogenin messenger RNA and the synthesis of its complementary DNA (1981)

Poly(A)+ (polyadenylated) RNA was isolated from vitellogenic female-locus fat-body by LiCl/urea extraction and poly(U)-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography. Agarose-gel electrophoresis of this poly(A)+ RNA under denaturing conditions shows the presence of a high-molecular-weight species (greater than 31 S, 7100 nucleotides) as the major species, which is absent from the RNA prepared from male-locust fat-body. Inclusion of this poly(A)+ RNA in a mRNA-dependent reticulocyte-lysate system directs the synthesis of polypeptides that could be immunoprecipitated with monospecific antibodies against locust egg vitellin. DNA complementary (cDNA) to the poly(A)+ RNA was synthesized, and back-hybridization of the cDNA to its template reveals a major abundant species comprising about 45% of the total poly(A)+ RNA hybridizing with R0t 1/2 of 2 x 10(-2) mol . litre-1 . s. Abundant cDNA isolated from the total cDNA hybridizes to poly(A)+ RNA with a R0t 1/2 of 9 x 10(-3) mol . litre-1 . s. There are 9.1 x 10(3) copies of vitellogenin mRNA per cell of vitellogenic female-locust fat-body, comprising 55% of the poly(A)+ RNA and equivalent to 0.7% of total cellular RNA.
Human papillomavirus infection in ?young? versus ?old? patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (2000)

The incidence of HPV in "young" versus "old" is not significantly different, suggesting similar roles for both groups. Patients with HPV-positive tumors may have a survival advantage relative to patients with HPV-negative tumors.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Right Half of Mycalamide A. A Formal Total Synthesis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sensor Placement in Municipal Water Networks (2003)

In this paper we present a model for optimizing the placement of sensors in municipal water networks to detect maliciously-injected contaminants. Optimal sensor placement is required to ensure an adequate coverage of the network's flow for detection and remediation of contaminants. There are many possible objectives that could be formulated for optimal sensor placement, reflecting various costs and risks of an attack on a network. Previous work has focused on detection before a given volume of water has been consumed and detection within a given time limit. Additionally, Tryby et al. present related work on the placement of disinfectant booster station. We consider a sensor placement formulation for which optimal sensor configurations minimize the expected fraction of the population that is at risk for an attack. We model an attack as the release of a large volume of harmful contaminant at a single point in the network with a single injection. For any particular attack, we assume that all points "downstream" of the release point (connected by a set of directed edges) can be contaminated. In general, we do not know a priori where this attack will occur, so our objective is to place sensors to provide a compromise solution across a set of weighted attack scenarios.
Highly fluorinated heterocycles. Part V. The preparation and some reactions of tetrafluorothiophen and some polyfluorothiophens (1971)

Tetrafluorothiophen has been prepared by dehydrofluorination of 3H/4H-hexafluorothiolan by molten alkali. It did not react with bromine nor did it polymerise rapidly, unlike tetrafluorofuran. It reacted with sodium methoxide with displacement of the 2-fluorine, as was proved by an independent synthesis of the other possible isomer, 2,3,5-trifluoro-4-methoxythiophen. 2,5-Difluorothiophen and 2,5-difluoro-3-methoxythiophen have also been prepared. The methoxythiophens all polymerised rapidly. In the 19F n.m.r. spectra of the polyfluorothiophens, the α-fluorines resonate to high field of the β; also, the 2–5 F–F couplings are large (26–31 Hz).
Changes in Body Representation of the Human Upper Limb as a Function of Movement and Visual Hand Position (2019)

Several disease presentations are linked to a mismatch between the real body and the body’s internal representation of itself. In order to develop effective rehabilitation therapies, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms underlying changes in body representation. In this study, we focused on changes in body representation of the upper limb as a large part of the body and investigated the conditions under which such changes occur. Participants were presented four conditions which differentially affected their sense of ownership and agency, including a movement condition related to their sense of agency, and a visual hand information condition related to the sense of ownership. In the experiment, participants were asked to move their upper limb forward and backward on a manipulandum. Results of the study showed that visual hand position affected changes in body representation relevant to both conscious and unconscious body parts. In addition, changes in the representation of the unconscious body part occurred with, and were dependent on, active movement.
Near-field plume properties of an ion beam formed by alternating extraction and acceleration of oppositely charged ions (2016)

International audience
Desmoplastic trichoepithelioma (1977)

Fifty examples of a distinctive clinicopathologic entity occurred in 49 patients who ranged in age from 8 to 70 (median 46) years. Forty-nine tumors were on the face, mainly the cheek, chin and forehead; most were present one to five years, and 85% of the patients were female. The growths varied in size from 3 to 8 mm; many were hard and annular, with a raised border and depressed nonulcerated center. Histologically, narrow strands of basaloid cells and epidermoid cyts infiltrated a fibrotic stroma. This tumor, which we have named desmoplastic trichoepithelioma, must be differentiated histologically from morphealike basal cell carcinoma, desmoplastic cutaneous metastasis, and certain benign adnexal neoplasms.
Comparison of the experimental performance of ferroelectric CPW circuits with method‐of‐moment simulations and conformal mapping analysis (2001)

Abstract Experimental measurements of coplanar waveguide circuits atop thin films of ferroelectric Ba x Sr 1− x TiO 3 (BST) were made as a function of dc bias from 0 to 200 V and frequency from 0.045 to 20 GHz. The resulting phase shifts are compared with method‐of‐moments electromagnetic simulations and a conformal mapping analysis to determine the dielectric constant of the BST films. The accuracy of the resulting dielectric constants is analyzed and compared to low‐frequency measurements of interdigitated capacitor circuits on the same films. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 29: 34–37, 2001.
Treatment of stroke after carotid endarterectomy using intravenous abciximab (2009)

A 59-year old man developed perioperative stroke following left carotid endarterectomy seconday to thrombosis at the endarterectomy site. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography revealed very frequent microembolization in the left middle cerebral artery territory. The patient was successfully treated with intravenous abciximab with complete neurological recovery.
Preparation of derivatives of inosine 5'-phosphorothioate for use in affinity chromatography (1980)

In the paper the known methods of preparation of ribonucleoside 5'-phosphorothioates II are evaluated and an improved method of their synthesis is described, based on the reaction of 2',3'-O-ethoxymethyleneribonucleosides III with thiophosphoryl chloride in the presence of one equivalent of pyridine, and subsequent hydrolysis. Inosine 5'-phosphate and inosine 5'-phosphorothioate( IIc ) were converted to 2',3'-O-cyclic ketals of levulinic acid Vb, VIb on reaction with ethyl levulinate and ethyl orthoformate and subsequent alkaline hydrolysis. O-(4-Aminophenyl)inosine 5'-phosphorothioate ( IX ) was prepared from 2',3'-O-isopropylideneinosine ( VII ) with O-(4-nitrophenyl)thiophosphoryldiimidazolide and subsequent catalytic hydrogenation of the O-(4-nitrophenyl)ester VIII formed.