gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Tachykinins in Nonnociceptive Vagal Afferent Neurons during Respiratory Viral Infection in Guinea Pigs (2002)

Immunohistochemistry was combined with retrograde labeling to characterize the effect of respiratory infection with Sendai virus on the number of Substance P/Neurokinin A-containing vagal afferent neurons whose cell bodies resided in the nodose ganglia and whose receptive fields were located in guinea pig trachea. Of the neurons labeled from the trachea of vehicle-inoculated guinea pigs, few stained positively for Substance P/Neurokinin A (approximately 3% of total labeled neurons). These neurons had small diameter cell bodies (mode = 16-20 microm), a feature of nociceptive-like C-fibers. Viral infection (Day 4 after inoculation) was associated with a significantly greater number of labeled neurons containing Substance P/Neurokinin A (approximately 20% of total labeled neurons). The majority of these had a relatively large cell body diameter (mode = 36- 40 microm), a feature of nonnociceptive afferent neurons. This induction appeared to be reversible as there were significantly fewer Substance P/Neurokinin A positive neurons in nodose ganglia from virus-inoculated guinea pigs at Day 28 after inoculation, a time point when virus-induced airway inflammation had all but resolved. These findings support the hypothesis that viral infection leads to a qualitative change in the vagal afferent innervation of guinea pig airways such that both small diameter nociceptive-like neurons and large diameter nonnociceptive neurons express tachykinins.
Differential Effects of APOE and Modifiable Risk Factors on Hippocampal Volume Loss and Memory Decline in Aβ− and Aβ+ Older Adults (2022)

These results are consistent with studies showing that increasing age and <i>APOE</i> ε4 are associated with increased rates of HV loss and EM decline. In Aβ- CN adults, lower prevalence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors was associated with less HV loss and EM decline over ∼10 years, suggesting interventions to reduce modifiable cardiovascular risk factors could be beneficial in this group.
Brain Activation in Response to a Tactile Stimulation: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) Versus Cognitive Analysis (1999)

Objective. The aim of this study was to compare fMRI analysis of somatosensory areas activated by passive touch, to cognitive analysis of the psychological profile of human subjects. Methods. The study was carried out on 21 females, after informed consent. Two artificial textures (smooth and rough), and two natural textures (the skin of an operator modified or not by a cosmetic product), were applied on the fingers of the subjects. A period of imagination to be touched was also included in the study. MR images of the somatosensory cortex were acquired on a 1.5T MRI system during the different behavioral conditions. Series of images were first processed to compensate for the inter-frame motions and then activation was assessed with a statistical method based on conditional analysis. After the MRI protocol, each subject was interviewed following a questionnaire from which psychological descriptors were extracted. Results. 1) Activations were quite similar for all textures in the contralateral sensory areas 2) In the ipsilateral sensory areas, activations were more important in response to a stimulation with the skin of an operator than with artificial textures. The activation was even more important after application of a cosmetic product on the skin. 3) Imagination of the tactile stimulation resulted in an activation mostly localized in the ipsilateral cortex. 4) A PLS analysis assessed that 2 psychological descriptors, rationality and sensorial reactivity, were related to an activation in the contralateral cortex, while 2 others, imagination and sensitivity, were related to ipsilateral areas activation. Conclusion. fMRI and cognitive analysis allowed us to map the physical component of the tactile perception in the contralateral cortex. This study also gave rise to a better understanding of the activation in ipsilateral areas, which was found to be mainly related to the subjective component of the stimulation.
Incidence of parkinsonism and Parkinson disease in a general population (2004)

Incidence rates for parkinsonism and Parkinson disease were higher than those reported by most previous studies, possibly because of the authors' intensive case-finding methods involving in-person screening.
Aligned Materials and Design Development of High ROP Drill Bits (2014)

Abstract At their advent, PDC bits were aimed at soft formation, fast drilling applications. However, as PDCs have come to dominate market share over roller cones, PDC bit development has shifted focus toward other goals such as durability and longevity which is often in conflict with high ROP. Returning focus to aggressive, high ROP drilling applications has required development of materials, design and manufacturing processes in alignment with that goal set. A cross-functional team was assembled to understand and focus on the high ROP concerns of the end customer and was tasked to develop a PDC bit platform aligned with these goals. This paper discusses general and application specific challenges posed by high ROP drilling applications and how they have been addressed by the aligned development of a new system of materials, design, and manufacturing processes used in PDC drill bits. Formation to bit interaction simulations and computational fluid dynamic modeling analysis are presented in support of the development hypotheses. Field results from case studies and broad field data analysis summarizing the results of extensive testing are presented as well. Driving ROP beyond the ceilings observed in many extreme ROP applications requires that energy be efficiently transferred not just to the bit, but focused on the cutters. To achieve this, an essential change to the base material of the bit body was made, exposing drastically new avenues – and hurdles – for design and manufacturing. However, the simulation and field results presented confirm that the new system is able to consistently achieve the goal set in high ROP applications.
Aspectual Collaborations: Combining Modules and Aspects (2003)

Journal Article Aspectual Collaborations: Combining Modules and Aspects Get access Karl Lieberherr, Karl Lieberherr Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar David H. Lorenz, David H. Lorenz Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Johan Ovlinger Johan Ovlinger Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Computer Journal, Volume 46, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 542–565, https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/46.5.542 Published: 01 January 2003
Synthesis of monodisperse spherical silica particles with solid core and mesoporous shell: mesopore channels perpendicular to the surface (2007)

Both particle monodispersity and mesopore orientation have been considered in this work. Monodisperse spherical silica particles with a solid core and a mesoporous shell featuring mesopore channels perpendicular to the core surface were synthesized for the first time by adopting silica particles as the core component and by employing Cn-TAB (n = 12, 14, 16, 18), the structure-directing agent for the mesoporous shell. Micelles on the surface of the silica particles are formed from the electrostatic interaction between the partially negatively charged silica particles and the positively charged surfactant molecules under basic conditions. The particles synthesized in this work have a uniformly coated thin mesoporous shell of about 28–61 nm in thickness over the silica core and possess a surface area of ca. 370–500 m2 g−1, pore volume of ca. 0.2–0.35 cc g−1, and narrow pore size distribution.
Physical Forces in Glioblastoma Migration: A Systematic Review (2022)

The invasive capabilities of glioblastoma (GBM) define the cancer's aggressiveness, treatment resistance, and overall mortality. The tumor microenvironment influences the molecular behavior of cells, both epigenetically and genetically. Current forces being studied include properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), such as stiffness and "sensing" capabilities. There is currently limited data on the physical forces in GBM-both relating to how they influence their environment and how their environment influences them. This review outlines the advances that have been made in the field. It is our hope that further investigation of the physical forces involved in GBM will highlight new therapeutic options and increase patient survival. A search of the PubMed database was conducted through to 23 March 2022 with the following search terms: (glioblastoma) AND (physical forces OR pressure OR shear forces OR compression OR tension OR torsion) AND (migration OR invasion). Our review yielded 11 external/applied/mechanical forces and 2 tumor microenvironment (TME) forces that affect the ability of GBM to locally migrate and invade. Both external forces and forces within the tumor microenvironment have been implicated in GBM migration, invasion, and treatment resistance. We endorse further research in this area to target the physical forces affecting the migration and invasion of GBM.
Simulations and measurements of transcranial low-frequency ultrasound therapy: skull-base heating and effective area of treatment (2011)

Measurements of temperature elevations induced by sonications in a single intact cadaver skull filled with soft-tissue mimicking phantom material were performed using magnetic resonance thermometry. The sonications were done using a clinical transcranial ultrasound therapy device operating at 230 kHz and the measurements were compared with simulations done using a model incorporating both the longitudinal and shear wave propagation. Both the measurements and simulations showed that in some situations the temperature increase could be higher in the phantom material adjacent to the skull-base than at the focus, which could lead to undesired soft-tissue damage in treatment situations. On average the measurements of the sonicated locations, as well as the comparative simulations, showed 32 ± 64% and 49 ± 32% higher temperature elevations adjacent to the skull-base than at the focus, respectively. The simulation model was used to extend the measurements by simulating multiple sonications of brain tissue in five different skulls with and without correcting the aberrations caused by the skull on the ultrasound. Without aberration correction the closest sonications to the skulls that were treatable in any brain location without undesired tissue damage were at a distance of 19.1 ± 2.6 mm. None of the sonications beyond a distance of 41.2 ± 5.3 mm were found to cause undesired tissue damage. When using the aberration correction closest treatable, safe distances for sonications were found to be 16.0 ± 1.6 and 38.8 ± 3.8 mm, respectively. New active cooling of the skull-base through the nasal cavities was introduced and the treatment area was investigated. The closest treatable distance without aberration correction reduced to 17.4 ± 1.9 mm with the new cooling method. All sonications beyond a distance of 39.7 ± 6.6 mm were found treatable. With the aberration correction no difference in the closest treatable or the safety distance was found in comparison to sonications without nasal cavity cooling. To counteract undesired skull-base heating a new anti-focus within solid media was developed along with a new regularized phasing method. Mathematical bases for both the methods and simulations utilizing them were presented. It was found that utilizing the anti-focus in solid media and regularized phasing, the fraction of temperature increase of the brain tissue at the focus and the peak temperature increase adjacent to the skull-base can be increased from 1.00 to 1.95. This improves the efficiency of the sonication by reducing the energy transfer to the skull-base.
Recent Advances and Prospects in Nanomaterials-Based Electrochemical Affinity Biosensors for Autoimmune Disease Biomarkers (2023)

The use of nanomaterials as carrier labels or to nanostructure electrode surfaces has been instrumental in improving the signal and demonstrating the potential of electrochemical immunosensors and DNA or peptide biosensors for early detection and monitoring of autoimmune diseases. Enhancement of electron transfer to the electrode surface, which provides improved sensitivity to the resulting biosensor, has been achieved by using carbon nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles, due to the high conductivity of these materials. These nanomaterials can also play a decisive role in increasing the active surface area of the electrode and improving its catalytic ability. Nanomaterials may also exert positive effects on the signal-to-noise ratio, providing low limits of detection, and enhancing calibration dynamic ranges, reproducibility, robustness and storage stability. In addition, when the nanomaterial exhibits electrocatalytic activity on the involved redox process, the selectivity of the biodevice is also improved. This chapter reviews recent advances in electrochemical biosensors using nanomaterials for the determination of biomarkers related to autoimmune diseases. Configurations using carbon nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles, whether as electrode modifiers or as labels, for electrochemical detection of autoantibodies or proteins has also been critically discussed herein.
Ellipsometric and XPS Studies of 4H-SiC/SiO<sub>2</sub> Interfaces, and Sacrificial Oxide Stripped 4H-SiC Surfaces (2006)

The investigation of the silicon carbide surface after a sacrificial silicon oxidation technique is reported. Oxidation of SiC is a necessary step in the fabrication of MOS devices and device termination features such as field plates. Device processing requires the etching of windows through the oxide layer to form features such as metal / SiC contacts. However, this work indicates that a thin interfacial Si-O-C layer is still present after etching the oxide with hydrofluric acid (HF). Ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been used to evaluate this interfacial layer formed after oxide growth and after subsequent removal of oxide layers. An XPS analysis of the surface after removal of the oxide revealed that silicon, oxygen and carbon were all present in the remaining layer, which could not be removed by annealing at temperatures up to 1000°C. The Si-O-C layer could be eliminated by altering the oxidation conditions or by using a sacrificial silicon layer oxidation process. Ni Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on the 4H-SiC surface after removal of the oxide, displayed slightly higher ideality factors than those of diodes fabricated on untreated 4H-SiC samples.
Epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative infections globally (2019)

High-resistance rates in carbapenem-resistant GNB in many countries will inevitably complicate treatment of serious infections in vulnerable patient groups and should accelerate global attempts to overcome the impediments we face with regard to effective antimicrobial stewardship and infection prevention and control programs.
Axisymmetric Thermoelastic Response of a Composite Cylinder Containing an Annular Matrix Crack (1993)

An elasticity solution to the problem of an annular crack in a concentric cylinder under a remote uniform axial strain and constant temperature change is found. Stress intensity factors at the crack tips and the stresses at the interface are studied to de termine the nature of the crack growth in the composite. These parameters are studied as a function of the elastic moduli and the thermal expansion coefficients of the constituents, the fiber volume ratio, crack geometry, and interface properties.
Essential Role of RAB27A in Determining Constitutive Human Skin Color (2012)

Human skin color is predominantly determined by melanin produced in melanosomes within melanocytes and subsequently distributed to keratinocytes. There are many studies that have proposed mechanisms underlying ethnic skin color variations, whereas the processes involved from melanin synthesis in melanocytes to the transfer of melanosomes to keratinocytes are common among humans. Apart from the activities in the melanogenic rate-limiting enzyme, tyrosinase, in melanocytes and the amounts and distribution patterns of melanosomes in keratinocytes, the abilities of the actin-associated factors in charge of melanosome transport within melanocytes also regulate pigmentation. Mutations in genes encoding melanosome transport-related molecules, such as MYO5A, RAB27A and SLAC-2A, have been reported to cause a human pigmentary disease known as Griscelli syndrome, which is associated with diluted skin and hair color. Thus we hypothesized that process might play a role in modulating skin color variations. To address that hypothesis, the correlations of expression of RAB27A and its specific effector, SLAC2-A, to melanogenic ability were evaluated in comparison with tyrosinase, using human melanocytes derived from 19 individuals of varying skin types. Following the finding of the highest correlation in RAB27A expression to the melanogenic ability, darkly-pigmented melanocytes with significantly higher RAB27A expression were found to transfer significantly more melanosomes to keratinocytes than lightly-pigmented melanocytes in co-culture and in human skin substitutes (HSSs) in vivo, resulting in darker skin color in concert with the difference observed in African-descent and Caucasian skins. Additionally, RAB27A knockdown by a lentivirus-derived shRNA in melanocytes concomitantly demonstrated a significantly reduced number of transferred melanosomes to keratinocytes in co-culture and a significantly diminished epidermal melanin content skin color intensity (ΔL* = 4.4) in the HSSs. These data reveal the intrinsically essential role of RAB27A in human ethnic skin color determination and provide new insights for the fundamental understanding of regulatory mechanisms underlying skin pigmentation.
Face recognition with occlusions in the training and testing sets (2008)

Partial occlusions in face images pose a great problem for most face recognition algorithms. Several solutions to this problem have been proposed over the years - ranging from dividing the face image into a set of local regions to sophisticated statistical methods. In the present paper, we pose the problem as a reconstruction one. In this approach, each test image is described as a linear combination of the training samples in each class. The class samples providing the best reconstruction determine the class label. Here, ldquobest reconstructionrdquo means that reconstruction providing the smallest matching error when using an appropriate metric to compare the reconstructed and test images. A key point in our formulation is to base this reconstruction solely on the visible data in the training and testing sets. This allows to have partial occlusions in both the training and testing samples, while previous methods only dealt with occlusions in the testing set. We show extensive experimental results using a large variety of comparative studies, demonstrating the superiority of the proposed approach over the state of the art.
Influence of structure on the linear response rheology of colloidal gels (2019)

We study the linear response rheology, structure, and dynamics of colloidal gels formed by arrested phase separation with a combination of experiments and dynamic simulation, with a view toward understanding the influence of bond strength, volume fraction, and network morphology on the viscoelastic moduli. A rescaling of the data to remove the direct, equilibrium hydrodynamic, and entropic effects enables a direct comparison of experiment and simulation; the strong agreement shows that attractive forces and Brownian motion dominate relaxation, where hydrodynamic interactions play a simpler role that can be scaled out. Morphology transitions from thick, blobby strands with large solvent pores to particle-size solvent pores surrounded by concave surfaces when volume fraction increases. Unsurprisingly, generalized Stokes–Einstein relations make a poor predictor of rheology from particle dynamics. Models that connect bond dynamics to elasticity or that connect cluster dynamics to elasticity show better agreement. Prediction of age-stiffening requires a model that includes the effects of age-coarsening; surprisingly, age-stiffening is set primarily at high frequency by the dominant network length scale. A Rouse-like theory that connects dominant network length scale to elasticity provides good predictions for all volume fractions and ages, although there is an interplay between volume fraction and structural length scales. The linear viscoelastic response of the experimental system is thus well represented in a simpler computational model in which wall effects, hydrodynamics, explicit depletant molecules, and rejuvenation were neglected, suggesting that the connections between morphology, dynamics, and rheology are encoded primarily by volume fraction, attraction strength, Brownian motion, and age.
Laplace approximations to posterior moments and marginal distributions on circles, spheres, and cylinders (1991)

Abstract We extend recent work on Laplace approximations (Tierney and Kadane 1986; Tierney, Kass, and Kadane 1989) from parameter spaces that are subspaces of R k to those that are on circles, spheres, and cylinders. While such distributions can be mapped onto the real line (for example, a distribution on the circle can be thought of as a function of an angle θ, 0 ⩽ 0 ⩾ 2π), that the end points coincide is not a feature of the real line, and requires special treatment. Laplace approximations on the real line make essential use of the normal integral in both the numerator and the denominator. Here that role is played by the von Mises integral on the circle, by the Bingham integrals on the spheres and hyperspheres, and by the normal‐von Mises and normal‐Bingham integrals on the cylinders and hypercylinders, respectively. We begin with a brief introduction to Laplace approximations and to previous Bayesian work on circles, spheres, and cylinders. We then develop the theory for parameter spaces that are hypercylinders, since all other shapes considered here are special cases. We compute some examples, which show reasonable accuracy even for small samples.
Inclusion Compound Based Approach to Arrays of Artificial Dipolar Molecular Rotors. A Surface Inclusion (2012)

We describe an approach to regular triangular arrays of dipolar molecular rotors based on insertion of dipolar rotator carrying shafts as guests into channels of a host, tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP). The rotor guests can either enter the bulk of the host or stay at or near the surface, if a suitable stopper is installed at the end of the shaft. Differential scanning calorimetry, solid-state NMR, and powder X-ray diffraction were used to examine the insertion of a dipolar rotor synthesized for the purpose, 1-n-hexadecyl-12-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-p-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane, and it was found that it forms a surface inclusion compound. Rotational barriers from 1.2 to 9 kcal/mol were found by dielectric spectroscopy and were attributed to rotors inserted into the surface to different degrees, some rubbing the surface as they turn.