gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Characterization of an Early Leaf Senescence Gene ELS1 in Soybean (2021)

Early leaf senescence phenotype in soybean could be helpful to shorten the maturation period and prevent green stem disorder. From a high-density mutation library, we identified two early leaf senescence soybean mutant lines, <i>els1-1</i> (<i>early leaf senescence 1</i>) and <i>els1-2.</i> The chlorophyll contents of both <i>els1-1</i> and <i>els1-2</i> were low in pre-senescent leaves. They degraded rapidly in senescent leaves, revealing that <i>ELS1</i> is involved in chlorophyll biosynthesis during leaf development and chlorophyll degradation during leaf senescence. The causal mutations in <i>els1</i> were identified by next-generation sequencing-based bulked segregant analysis. <i>ELS1</i> encodes the ortholog of the <i>Arabidopsis</i> CaaX-like protease BCM1, which is localized in chloroplasts. Soybean <i>ELS1</i> was highly expressed in green tissue, especially in mature leaves. The accumulation of photosystem I core proteins and light-harvesting proteins in <i>els1</i> was low even in pre-senescent leaves, and their degradation was accelerated during leaf senescence. These results suggest that soybean <i>ELS1</i> is involved in both chlorophyll synthesis and degradation, consistent with the findings in <i>Arabidopsis</i> BCM1. The gene <i>els1,</i> characterized by early leaf senescence and subsequent early maturation, does not affect the flowering time. Hence, the early leaf senescence trait regulated by <i>els1</i> helps shorten the harvesting period because of early maturation characteristics. The <i>els1-1</i> allele with weakly impaired function of <i>ELS1</i> has only a small effect on agricultural traits and could contribute to practical breeding.
Immune effector mechanisms in malaria (2005)

SUMMARY That humans in endemic areas become immune to malaria offers encouragement to the idea of developing protective vaccines. However natural immunity is relatively inefficient, being bought at the cost of substantial childhood mortality, and current vaccines are only partially protective. Understanding potential targets and mechanisms of protective immunity is important in the development and evaluation of future vaccines. Some of the problems in identifying such targets and mechanisms in humans naturally exposed to malaria may stem from conceptual and methodological issues related to defining who in a population is susceptible, problems in defining immune responsiveness at single time points and issues related to antigenic polymorphism, as well as the failure of many current approaches to examine functional aspects of the immune response. Protective immune responses may be directed to the pre erythrocytic parasite, to the free merozoite of the blood stage parasite or to new antigens induced on the infected red cell surface. Tackling the methodological issues of defining protection and immune response, together with studies that combine functional assays with new approaches such as allelic exchange and gene knock out offer opportunities for better defining key targets and mechanisms.
Interfacial Mechanisms of Water Vapor Sorption into Cellulose Nanofibril Films as Revealed by Quantitative Models (2017)

Humidity is an efficient instrument for facilitating changes in local architectures of two-dimensional surfaces assembled from nanoscaled biomaterials. Here, complementary surface-sensitive methods are used to collect explicit and precise experimental evidence on the water vapor sorption into (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-yl)oxyl (TEMPO) oxidized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) thin film over the relative humidity (RH) range from 0 to 97%. Changes in thickness and mass of the film due to water vapor uptake are tracked using spectroscopic ellipsometry and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring, respectively. Experimental data is evaluated by the quantitative Langmuir/Flory-Huggins/clustering model and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller model. The isotherms coupled with the quantitative models unveil distinct regions of predominant sorption modes: specific sorption of water molecules below 10% RH, multilayer build-up between 10 to 75% RH, and clustering of water molecules above 75% RH. The study reveals the sorption mechanisms underlying the well-known water uptake behavior of TEMPO oxidized CNF directly at the gas-solid interface.
MaRVIN: A platform for large-scale analysis of Semantic Web data (2009)

Web Science requires efficient techniques for analysing large datasets.Many Semantic Web problems are difficult to solve through common divide-and-conquer strategies, since they are hard to partition.We present MARVIN, a parallel and distributed platform for processing large amounts of RDF data, on a network of loosely-coupled peers.We present our divide-conquer-swap strategy and show that this model converges towards completeness.We evaluate performance, scalability, load balancing and efficiency of our system.
Probing the origin of fluorescence quenching of a graphene-porphyrin hybrid material (2013)

We report transient absorption spectroscopic studies on the hybrid material composed of porphyrin molecules covalently attached to graphene for investigating the mechanism underlying the reported fluorescence quenching of porphyrin in the hybrid [1]. Excited state dynamics of pure graphene suspension and porphyrin have also been studied as reference samples. A fast excited state decay was observed in the hybrid.
Improved Constraints on the 21 cm EoR Power Spectrum and the X-Ray Heating of the IGM with HERA Phase I Observations (2022)

We report the most sensitive upper limits to date on the 21 cm epoch of reionization power spectrum using 94 nights of observing with Phase I of the Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array (HERA). Using similar analysis techniques as in previously reported limits, we find at 95% confidence that Δ2(k = 0.34 h Mpc−1) ≤ 457 mK2 at z = 7.9 and that Δ2(k = 0.36 h Mpc−1) ≤ 3496 mK2 at z = 10.4, an improvement by a factor of 2.1 and 2.6, respectively. These limits are mostly consistent with thermal noise over a wide range of k after our data quality cuts, despite performing a relatively conservative analysis designed to minimize signal loss. Our results are validated with both statistical tests on the data and end-to-end pipeline simulations. We also report updated constraints on the astrophysics of reionization and the cosmic dawn. Using multiple independent modeling and inference techniques previously employed by HERA Collaboration, we find that the intergalactic medium must have been heated above the adiabatic cooling limit at least as early as z = 10.4, ruling out a broad set of so-called “cold reionization” scenarios. If this heating is due to high-mass X-ray binaries during the cosmic dawn, as is generally believed, our result’s 99% credible interval excludes the local relationship between soft X-ray luminosity and star formation and thus requires heating driven by evolved low-metallicity stars.
Methodology for investigating the magnetization Process of the storage Layer in double-Layered perpendicular magnetic recording media using the anomalous Hall effect (2005)

The Hall effect is a useful phenomenon for evaluating the magnetization processes of the storage and back layers in double-layered perpendicular magnetic recording media. Although the Hall voltage in double-layered films has two components (an anomalous Hall term arising from the perpendicular component of magnetization and a planar Hall term originating from the in-plane component of magnetization), it is possible to separate the two contributions by symmetry arguments. However, in the case where the saturation field of the recording layer (RL) is comparable to that of the soft underlayer (SUL), or when the SUL dominates the signal because of its inherently high magnetic moment, it is difficult to separate the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) contributions from the RL and SUL individually. Here we propose a methodology that overcomes this limitation and allows the extraction of the magnetization process of the RL. We assume that an average perpendicular magnetization contributes to the anomalous Hall voltage in the double-layered perpendicular media. We compare the magnetization process of the RL obtained by using this approach to that measured with a magnetooptical Kerr effect (MOKE) system. The proposed technique may be useful in those situations in which alternative tools such as the MOKE system are not suitable for measuring the magnetization process.
Reinvestigation of the metalation of phenylcyclopropane: does the phenylcyclopropyl anion undergo ring-opening? (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReinvestigation of the metalation of phenylcyclopropane: does the phenylcyclopropyl anion undergo ring-opening?Craig A. Ogle, Patrick A. Riley, Joseph J. Dorchak, and John L. HubbardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 18, 4409–4412Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00253a045https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00253a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views331Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Problem on External Noise disturbing Noise-Measurement of DC Reference Voltage (1996)

We developed a method of constituting DC reference voltage circuit which is composed of zener diode. For evaluation of the noise voltage included in the circuit, two problems have to be discussed. One is on measurement of infinitesimal voltage less than 100nV and the other is on the external noise disturbing its measurement. The former is related to the constitution of the differential amplifier utilized for amplification of its small signal. The latter is on power source noise inducing injurious voltage into the measurement circuit. This paper treats these two and gives some important suggestions for achieving accurate measurement of small signal.
Analysis of disk power management for data-center storage systems (2012)

Up to one third of the electricity supplied to a data center is required for the operation of the storage subsystem. A typical data-center workload, characterized by short idle periods, prevents traditional disk power management (DPM) from saving energy. This paper starts with an analysis of DPM's traditional timer-based disk spin-down policy. Next, we examine how a multispeed disk adapts DPM to data-center workloads. Finally, we determine how to shape the workload to enable DPM on conventional server disks. All analysis is based on an analytical model for the energy consumed by a disk during an idle period. In addition, we assume standby power to be non-negligible. The results are that (1) the competitive ratio of a threshold-based disk spin-down policy depends on the ratio of standby power to idle power, (2) the notion of break-even time can be generalized for multispeed disks, and (3) DPM saves most energy when mean idle time and idle-time variance are maximized. With this analysis, the authors intend to stimulate the design of new data-center file and storage systems that optimally exploit DPM to save energy.
Creation of Vias With Optimized Profile for 3‐D Through Silicon Interconnects (TSV) (2009)

Abstract The continually growing functionality and pattern density of semiconductor devices leads to the development of innovative and cost‐effective 3‐D stacking and interconnection technologies for ICs and MEMS. These include the formation of vias for interconnects by deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) of silicon. The commonly used DRIE based on a Bosch patent creates holes with vertical sidewalls. However, holes with tapered sidewalls are advantageous, because their widened opening facilitates following deposition and filling processes and a bevelled upper edge of the vias prevents deposited layers from breaking. We created such holes by an optimized positive profile etching (PPE) process. Furthermore, we post‐treated holes with vertical sidewalls to eliminate the sharp edge at their opening and to widen this region. We created blind holes with tapered sidewalls with a diameter of 5–10 µm and through silicon holes with a diameter of 40 µm and aspect ratios up to 10.
Airflow monitor: An effective approach to protecting assets and increasing safety in automated test equipment (2008)

Testing high power sophisticated avionics equipment requires accurate cooling airflow monitoring to protect the operator and expensive avionics equipment. This paper introduces an airflow monitor design that monitors cooling airflow, warns the operator when cooling airflow is below minimum requirements and automatically terminates testing prior to thermal failure. A method to accurately measure the cooling air flowing to a unit under test is critical to maintaining component reliability and reducing hazards associated with thermal runaway. Such a method has been designed and prototyped on the Navy's advanced Consolidated Automatic Support System (CASS). The airflow monitor incorporates a digital airflow sensor between the cooling air source and the unit under test. The digital airflow sensor accurately measures airflow and temperature and provides real-time feedback to the operator when low cooling air flow is realized. Further enhancements were made by designing the airflow monitor to shut down power to the unit under test when airflow does not meet minimum requirements. Customization is accomplished by setting simple resistor values which correspond to control settings, such as, minimum airflow required, minimum air temperature required, time delay before warning buzzer sounds, and time delay before unit under test shutdown. It has been demonstrated that with accurate monitoring and control of these variables, catastrophic thermal failure can be avoided and expensive avionics can be protected. Automated test equipment was originally conceived with the intent to maximize autonomy and take the burden off of skilled individuals troubleshooting a problem. A system that can not only monitor airflow, warn the operator of upcoming thermal danger and safely shutdown power to a unit under test on its own makes automated test equipment truly automatic. This paper illustrates one method to achieve such added reliability and system safety, with real examples demonstrating operational capabilities and cost savings. Description of the design concept, along with pictures and illustrations of working prototypes, provide a clear understanding of the importance of monitoring automated test equipment airflow.
His-1 and His-2: identification and chromosomal mapping of two commonly rearranged sites of viral integration in a myeloid leukemia. (1991)

To identify genes that contribute to myeloid leukemogenesis we have cloned viral integration sites from a CasBrM-MuLV-induced interleukin 3-independent myeloid leukemia cell line. Genomic probes derived from cellular sequences flanking two integrated proviruses were used to screen restriction digests of DNAs from a panel of 52 hematopoietic cell lines, 30 of which were established from CasBrM-MuLV- or MoMuLV-induced mouse leukemias. Probes from one integration site (His-1) defined a region that was rearranged in 3/52 cell lines, and probes from a second integration site (His-2) identified a rearrangement in 2/52 cell lines. Both cases of His-2 rearrangements occurred in concert with viral insertions in the His-1 locus. Genetic mapping of these loci using interspecific backcross analysis assigned the His-1 locus to mouse chromosome 2 and the His-2 locus to mouse chromosome 19. In situ hybridization with a probe from the human homologous region mapped the His-1 locus to human chromosome 2q14-q21. No recombinants were observed between His-2 and Gin-1, a common site of provirus integration in Gross passage A MuLV-induced T-cell leukemias, in 131 backcross animals, suggesting that these loci are tightly linked. The His-1 locus maps to mouse chromosome 2 distinct from any known oncogene or common site of integration but near the proximal breakpoint for a deletion that is observed in over 90% of radiation-induced leukemias.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Commensal bacteria contribute to insulin resistance in aging by activating innate B1a cells. (2020)

Aging in humans is associated with increased hyperglycemia and insulin resistance (collectively termed IR) and dysregulation of the immune system. However, the causative factors underlying their association remain unknown. Here, using "healthy" aged mice and macaques, we found that IR was induced by activated innate 4-1BBL + B1a cells. These cells (also known as 4BL cells) accumulated in aging in response to changes in gut commensals and a decrease in beneficial metabolites such as butyrate. We found evidence suggesting that loss of the commensal bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila impaired intestinal integrity, causing leakage of bacterial products such as endotoxin, which activated CCR2 + monocytes when butyrate was decreased. Upon infiltration into the omentum, CCR2 + monocytes converted B1a cells into 4BL cells, which, in turn, induced IR by expressing 4-1BBL, presumably to trigger 4-1BB receptor signaling as in obesity-induced metabolic disorders. This pathway and IR were reversible, as supplementation with either A. muciniphila or the antibiotic enrofloxacin, which increased the abundance of A. muciniphila, restored normal insulin response in aged mice and macaques. In addition, treatment with butyrate or antibodies that depleted CCR2 + monocytes or 4BL cells had the same effect on IR. These results underscore the pathological function of B1a cells and suggest that the microbiomemonocyte-B cell axis could potentially be targeted to reverse age-associated IR.
Chronic Hepatitis Caused by the Hepatitis A Virus (1990)

The case of a young man with hepatitis A and a chronic course is presented. The patient recived a short course of steroid therapy for recurrence of symptoms following acute hepatitis A. Thereafter liver enzymes have remained marginally elevated for 4 years and annual liver biopsies have shown evidence of chronicity. HAV IgM Ab persisted for 1034 days with subsequent development of HAV IgG Ab. The possiblity of other viruses in the aetiology and the role of steroids in the development of chronicity are discussed.
Le sol d'occupation acheuléen de l'unité archéostratigraphique UA 25 de La Grotte du Lazaret. (2004)

La Grotte du Lazaret, vaste caverne ouverte sur une corniche rocheuse qui domine la Méditerranée, a été occupé entre -190 000 et -130 000 ans par des chasseurs acheuléens de cerfs et de bouquetins. Les fouilles systématiques, menées dans la grotte depuis 1962 sous la direction d'Henry de Lumley par des équipes pluridisciplinaires, ont mis au jour vingt six unités archéostratigraphiques superposées, sur une surface de 86 m2 et une épaisseur de 2,5 m. Rares sont les sols d'occupations acheuléens, non seulement dans le bassin méditerranéen, mais aussi dans le reste du monde, suffisament bien conservés pour apporter autant d'informations sur le mode de vie des chasseurs de grands herbivores de cette pèriode. Le sol d'occupation de l'unité archéostatigraphique UA 25, recouvert de limons par une inondation temporaire survenue après le départ des hommes, étaient de ceux là. Mis au jour entre juillet 2000 et aout 2002, ce sol riche en matières organiques, en ossements fracturés de grands mammifères, en outils lithiques- éclats, galets aménagés, choppers, bifaces et petits galets plats- présentaient une organisation évidente, manifestement liée aux activités pratiquées dans la grotte. Comme les autres unités stratéotratigraphiques, ce niveau bien conservé a été étudié en faisant appel à des sciences différentes dont les résultats ont été sans cesse comparés et intercalibrés : statigraphie, sédimentologie,micromorphologie,susceptibilité magnétique, géochimie organique, géochimie isotopique, géochronologie,palynologie, anthracologie, carpologie, paléontologie, micropaléontologie, archéozoologie,, technologie, typologie, tracéologie, archéopétrographie des outillages préhistoriques, palethnologie, etc. Toutes ces disciplines avaient pour but de révéler des faits et des indices permettant de mieux connaître le comportement et le mode de vie des chasseurs acheuléens qui ont occupé la grotte du Lazaret, à Nice il y a 160 000 ans et de reconstituer le paysage dans lequel ils vivaient. Le lecteur est invité à suivre la démarche des auteurs et à pénétrer avec eux dans la vie quotidienne des hommes préhistoriques.
Salt and Meal-Salt Help Distribute Cattle Use on Semidesert Range (1973)

Cows on semidesert grass-shrub range ate less than 1/2 lb/day of 3:1 meal-salt mix when it was fed 1 to 2 1/2 miles from water. No injury to cattle due to either inadequate or excessive salt intake was observed. Compared to feeding at water, placing salt or meal-salt 1 to 2 1/2 miles from water increased average utilization of perennial grasses where use was usually light, but it did not materially decrease use near water.
The cell adhesion molecule nectin-1 is critical for normal enamel formation in mice (2008)

Nectin-1 is a member of a sub-family of immunoglobulin-like adhesion molecules and a component of adherens junctions. In the current study, we have shown that mice lacking nectin-1 exhibit defective enamel formation in their incisor teeth. Although the incisors of nectin-1-null mice were hypomineralized, the protein composition of the enamel matrix was unaltered. While strong immunostaining for nectin-1 was observed at the interface between the maturation-stage ameloblasts and the underlying cells of the stratum intermedium (SI), its absence in nectin-1-null mice correlated with separation of the cell layers at this interface. Numerous, large desmosomes were present at this interface in wild-type mice; however, where adhesion persisted in the mutant mice, the desmosomes were smaller and less numerous. Nectins have been shown to regulate tight junction formation; however, this is the first report showing that they may also participate in the regulation of desmosome assembly. Importantly, our results show that integrity of the SI-ameloblast interface is essential for normal enamel mineralization.
Single vs. population cell coding: Gaze movement control in target search (2009)

Gaze movement plays an important role in human visual search system. In literature, the winner-take-all method is wildly used to simulate the controlling of the gaze movement. The winner-take-all is a type of single-cell coding method, which uses one cell (grandmother cell) or one response to represent an object. However, eye movement is affected by the visual context which includes more than one object in images, especially in target search. Therefore, we propose to use the population coding with more than one response rather than the single-cell coding on gaze movement control. The proposed method is supported by the theoretical analysis and experiments on a real image database which show the population-cell-coding improves the target locating accuracy by 44.4% only at the cost of coding 22.4% more information than that of single-cell-coding.