gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prosurvival and Prodeath Effects of Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Stabilization in a Murine Hippocampal Cell Line (2004)

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcriptional activator involved in adaptation to hypoxic stress. Previous studies from our laboratory demonstrated that pharmacological activators of HIF-1 (e.g. deferoxamine, cobalt chloride) could also protect cultured primary neurons or an immortalized hippocampal neuroblast line (HT22) from oxidative stress-induced death. However, whether HIF-1 activation is sufficient to abrogate neuronal death resulting from oxidative stress or other hypoxia-independent death inducers remains unclear. To address this question we utilized a HIF-1alpha fusion protein that partially lacks the domain required for oxygen-dependent degradation of HIF-1alpha and that has a VP16 transcriptional activation domain from herpes simplex virus. HT22 cells were infected with a retrovirus encoding either the HIF-1alpha-VP16 fusion protein or the activation domain of the VP16 protein alone as a control. Expression of HIF-1alpha-VP16, but not VP16 alone, increased luciferase activity driven by a canonical hypoxia response element, increased mRNA of established HIF-1 target genes, and increased activity of one of these HIF-1 target genes. Unexpectedly, enhanced HIF-1 activity in HT22 cells enhanced sensitivity to oxidative death induced by glutathione depletion. Accordingly, suppression of HIF-1alpha expression using RNA interference prevented oxidative death. By contrast, HIF-1alpha-VP16-expressing HT22 cells were more resistant to DNA damage (induced by camptothecin) or endoplasmic reticulum stress (induced by thapsigargin and tunicamycin) than were VP16-expressing cells, and suppression of HIF-1alpha expression using RNA interference rendered HT22 cells more sensitive to death induced by DNA damage or endoplasmic reticulum stress. Together, these data demonstrate that HIF-1 can mediate prodeath or prosurvival responses in the same cell type depending on the injury stimulus.
Intelligent Scheduling System of Steelmaking and Continuous Casting Based On ERP/MES/PCS (2006)

This paper briefly introduced the applying state of CIMS both in the domestic and international iron and steel corporations. In the large iron and steel corporation of China constructing CIMS, a project was put forward about steelmaking and continuous casting (SCC) production scheduling, optimal assignment of ladle, crane and trolley harmonization scheduling. The structure, the function and the main interface of schedule system was described based on ERP/MES/PCS, and an intelligent scheduling system (ISS) was developed independently, which is with the characteristic of easy integration and celerity. It has been shown that the plan proposed is rational and feasible by actual production data, and may have popularized value in the same trade
Preparation of Poly(thioarylene)s from Cyclic Disulfide Oligomers (1997)

A series of poly(thioarylene)s, including fluorinated poly(thioarylene)s, was prepared from cyclic disulfide oligomers and diiodo or dibromo aromatic compounds in diphenyl ether solution at 270 °C. The cyclic disulfide oligomers were derived from 4,4‘-thiobis(benzenethiol) and 4,4‘-biphenyldithiol, respectively. Diiodo monomers had to be used in excess (∼4%) to obtain the highest molecular weight polymers, while equivalent amounts of dibromo monomers could be used. 1,4-Diiodobenzene gave poly(thio-1,4-phenylene) (PPS) with a Tg of 88 °C and a Tm of 286 °C, and 1,4-dibromobenzene gave PPS with a Tg of 92 °C and a Tm of 275 °C by reacting with the cyclic disulfide oligomers derived from 4,4‘-thiobis(benzene thiol). Poly(thiobiphenylene) obtained from cyclic disulfide oligomers derived from 4,4‘-biphenyldithiol had a melting point of 454 °C. Fluorinated diiodo or dibromo monomers have much lower reactivities toward the thiyl radical substitution reaction, and only low molecular weight polymers were obtained. All of the poly(thioarylene)s prepared have very high thermal stabilities as indicated by TGA.
Application of Passivity Motivated Controller Design for a Nonlinear Flexible Pointing System (1993)

This paper presents a passivity based approach to the stabilization of a flexible beam and its application to a testbed at the Picatinny Arsenal. The basic control design consists of tuning an inner passive loop for the rigidbody response, synthesizing a passive output based on an observer and all the available outputs, and finally filtering the synthesized passive output by an optimal passive filter before closing the loop. Previous simulation and experimental experience in the C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">La</inf> MS Laboratory at Rensselaer has shown the efficacy of this approach. Preliminary simulation results based on the Picatinny model are encouraging. Experimental validation on the physical testbed is currently planned.
A phase I combination study of vigil and atezolizumab in recurrent/refractory advanced-stage ovarian cancer: Efficacy assessment in BRCA1/2-wt patients. (2020)

3002 Background: Recent studies have shown poor clinical outcomes and limited survival advantage to checkpoint inhibitors (CIs) in advanced stage ovarian cancer (OvC). Vigil is a personalized precision vaccine constructed from autologous tumor tissue transfected with a DNA plasmid encoding GM-CSF and bi-shRNA-furin thereby creating TGFβ expression control and enhancing immune activation. Phase 1 and 2 trials in OvC demonstrate safety, functional immune activation and clinical response benefit. Combining Vigil with CIs may broaden responsiveness of immunotherapy in OvC. Methods: This is a randomized, 3-part safety Phase 1 study of Vigil in combination with Atezolizumab in recurrent OvC patients. Part 2 is a randomized, intra-patient crossover study of Vigil first (VF) or Atezolizumab first (AF) for two cycles followed by sequence of the combination of the two agents. Vigil (1 x 10 6 or 1 x 10 7 cells/ml) or Atezolizumab (1200mg) were administered 1x every 21 days each cycle until progression or untoward adverse event. We now report the preliminary results of part 2 of the study. Results: Twenty-one patients were randomized (1:1) to VF (n = 11) or AF (n = 10), groups were similar in demographics. Grade 3/4 toxic events occurred in 17% of AF patients compared to 3% in VF patients. Median OS of VF patients (n = 11) was not reached vs. AF (n = 10) 10.8 months suggested modest advantage to VF (HR 0.33, one-sided p 0.097). However, the subset analysis of BRCA1/2 wild type (wt) demonstrated more significant overall survival benefit in VF (n = 7) median OS not reached vs. AF (n = 7) 5.2 months (HR 0.12, one-sided p 0.015). Conclusions: The combination of Vigil immunotherapy and checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab in recurrent OvC demonstrated safety and suggest a lower toxicity profile and a significant OS advantage in recurrent BRCA1/2-wt OvC patients treated with Vigil first followed by the combination of Vigil and Atezolizumab. Clinical trial information: NCT03073525 . [Table: see text]
Surgical Instrument Tracking By Multiple Monocular Modules and a Sensor Fusion Approach (2018)

This paper presents a sensor fusion-based surgical instrument tracking system which uses multiple monocular modules. The system is an optical tracking system, which has been widely utilized in the image-guide surgery because of its high accuracy and precision. However, the line-of-sight occlusion problem which remains unresolved in current systems frustrates surgeons during the operation. To address this challenge, we propose a surgical instrument tracking system based on multiple monocular modules. The rationale is to enable the system to track the surgical instruments inside the surgical site from different views. Three sensor fusion algorithms are proposed to integrate all sensor data from the multimodule system. In order to show the feasibility of the tracking system, simulations and comparison experiments have been carried out. The intensive investigation results give a practical instruction to the real implementation of the proposed system in image-guided interventions. Moreover, an image-guided surgical trial by using a cadaver head has been carried out to validate the feasibility of the proposed system and the tracking algorithms. The results from both the simulation and the cadaver trial have shown the effectiveness of the proposed robust fusion algorithm.
Energierohstoffe. Teil I: Szenarien für die langfristige Entwicklung auf den Märkten für Energierohstoffe. Teil II: Strategieansätze unterschiedlicher Energiepreisszenarien aus der Sicht von Politik, Notenbanken, Unternehmen und Investoren (2005)

Die Studie "Energierohstoffe" untersucht den Energieverbrauch während der nächsten 25 Jahre, zeigt die Unterschiede im Wachstum der einzelnen Energierohstoffe (insbesondere Öl, Gas und Kohle) sowie die Kostenentwicklung dieser Energieträger auf. Die Auswirkungen steigender Energiepreise auf die politisch Handelnden und für Wirtschaftsunternehmen sowie strategische Reaktionsmöglichkeiten auf Sektorebene werden ebenso geschildert, wie damit verbundene Chancen und Risiken für Investoren.
Modal Analysis of Machine Tools Using a Single Laser Beam Device (2013)

Two main vibration measurement principles are dominating the modal analysis. These are laser vibrometers used as three-beam scanning devices for open surfaces as in the automotive and aerospace industries and three-axial accelerometers used in cases, where laser vibrometers are not applicable due to difficulties with the line-of-sight, very big sizes of tested structures, particularly high 3D precision requirements or simply due to the high costs. In our paper ‘Modal Testing using Tracking-Interferometers’ at IMAC XXX we presented a method and a measurement device for simultaneous 3D vibration measurement using a single laser beam. This paper introduces the now fully implemented and partly automated testing method using this technique and device for experimental modal analyses. We describe the vibration measurement as well as geometry measurement the latter used to set-up the animation model for complex structures. We proceed with a detailed planning of the measurement procedure taking the example of our demonstrator machine. Finally we discuss our research on some main limitations and uncertainties of the system particularly the dynamic limitation of reflector mounting.
Catheter Ablation of Atrial Flutter (1999)

Typical atrial flutter in humans is the consequence of a stable macro-reentrant circuit produced by the unique right atrial architecture providing anatomic barriers and functional blocks to conduction. Mapping studies have indicated that the so-called isthmus between the inferior aspect of the tricuspid annulus and the ostium of the inferior caval vein is a critical zone for maintenance of atrial flutter. An anatomically guided approach with placement of a transmural and contiguous lesion line throughout the isthmus has established as curative treatment of typical atrial flutter. Electrophysical criteria indicating complete bidirectional isthmus conduction block after ablation proved to be superior with respect to redurrences of atrial flutter compared with the noninducibility criterion. The gold standard for prove of complete conduction block is the recording of double potentials along the entire isthmus ablation line. Recently, it proved possible to reduce the period of fluoroscopy during isthmus ablation by using electro-anatomical mapping.
Heterogeneous diffusion in aerobic granular sludge (2020)

Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology allows simultaneous nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon removal in compact wastewater treatment processes. To operate, design, and model AGS reactors, it is essential to properly understand the diffusive transport within the granules. In this study, diffusive mass transfer within full-scale and lab-scale AGS was characterized with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. Self-diffusion coefficients of water inside the granules were determined with pulsed-field gradient NMR, while the granule structure was visualized with NMR imaging. A reaction-diffusion granule-scale model was set up to evaluate the impact of heterogeneous diffusion on granule performance. The self-diffusion coefficient of water in AGS was ∼70% of the self-diffusion coefficient of free water. There was no significant difference between self-diffusion in AGS from full-scale treatment plants and from lab-scale reactors. The results of the model showed that diffusional heterogeneity did not lead to a major change of flux into the granule (<1%). This study shows that differences between granular sludges and heterogeneity within granules have little impact on the kinetic properties of AGS. Thus, a relatively simple approach is sufficient to describe mass transport by diffusion into the granules.
Corrole: The Little Big Porphyrinoid (2008)

In this account, the author describes the synthetic efforts of his group on the preparation and functionalization of corrole derivatives. The work started with beta-alkylcorroles and continued with the preparation of 5,10,15-triarylcorroles. The peripheral functionalization of both the beta-alkyl- and meso-triarylcorroles is described, together with several examples of the intriguing and unexpected reactivity of this deceptive macrocycle in these reactions.
Evaluación del rendimiento de redes IP utilizando plataformas de virtualización y métodos de simulación (2009)

Las plataformas de virtualización y los métodos de simulación constituyen dos tecnologías prominentes en el ámbito de la investigación, que son utilizadas para medir el rendimiento de las redes IP. En esta investigación se ha diseñado, implementado y puesto en funcionamiento escenarios de red simulados (mediante NS-2) y virtualizados (mediante Xen) con el fin de validar el rendimiento de redes IP. Consecuentemente, se ha realizado varios experimentos utilizando estas dos tecnologías con el propósito de verificar como se va degradando el rendimiento de la red a medida que se incrementan equipos en la misma. Los resultados experimentales iniciales ilustraron que existen diferencias al evaluar el rendimiento de la red a pesar de someter las dos tecnologías con los mismos escenarios y a las mismas pruebas. Esto se debe en el caso de la Simulación a que los parámetros deben ser rigurosamente programados para mejorarlos. En cambio, en el caso de la Virtualización, se deben a la falta de adaptación de otras condiciones operacionales como temporización y mejoramiento de la plataforma de hardware. En este contexto, se realizaron pruebas adicionales incluyendo diversos algoritmos de generación de tráfico, evaluación del ancho de banda (BW) y estimación de paquetes perdidos. Esto permitió finalmente determinar la degradación del rendimiento de la red al evaluar los resultados obtenidos mediante Simulación con NS-2 y Virtualización con Xen.
A Microwave Decoupled Brain-Temperature Transducer (1974)

Bench test studies of conventional temperature transducers in microwave environments have demonstrated artifacts responsible for errors of several degrees centigrade. These findings led to a program for the development of systematic test procedures and the design of electrodes with artifact reduced to 0.1/spl deg/C.
Preventing dental calculus formation in lemurs (Lemur catta, Eulemur fulvus collaris) and baboons (Papio cynocephalus). (1999)

The prevention of calculus accumulation in exotic animals is a relatively unexplored topic. A 6-mo study in ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) and collared lemurs (Eulemur fulvus collaris) and two studies in baboons (Papio cynocephalus) (7.5 wks and 6.5 mo) tested the benefits of a primate diet coated with 0.6% sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP) in controlling calculus in these species using a sequential crossover design. The control regimen was an identical, but non-HMP-coated, dry primate chow. At study initiation, the primates were given a thorough dental prophylaxis and provided with the control diet or experimental diet. At the conclusion of the test period, the animals were anesthetized and examined for clinical calculus independently by two examiners. The animals were then given another dental prophylaxis, provided the alternate ration, and the foregoing procedures were repeated. When the animals were provided the HMP-coated diet, significant reductions in calculus formation of 48-62% were observed in the lemurs and the baboons. No clinically significant changes were observed in body weights or in blood chemistry values as a result of ingestion of the HMP-coated regimen.
Towards a Scalable Architecture for Real-Time Volume Rendering (1995)

In this paper we present our research efforts towards a scalable volume rendering architecture for the real-time visualization of dynamically changing high-resolution datasets. Using a linearly skewed memory interleav­ ing we were able to develop a parallel dataflow model that leads to local, fixed-bandwidth interconnections be­ tween processing elements. This parallel dataflow model differs from previous work in that it requires no global communication of data except at the pixel level. Us­ ing this dataflow model we are developing Cube-4, an architecture that is scalable to very high performances and allows for modular and extensible hardware imple­ mentations.
12. Nachwuchswissenschaftler‐Symposium Bioorganische Chemie (2003)

Abstract Mitte September fand das Nachwuchswissenschaftler‐Symposium Bioorganische Chemie im Fachbereich Chemie der Universität Hamburg statt. Das Symposium eröffnete etwa 70 jungen Wissenschaftlern drei Tage lang die Möglichkeit, ihre Arbeiten zu präsentieren und sich mit Kollegen auszutauschen. Auch in diesem Jahr führte die Tagung Teilnehmer aus der Hochschule und der Industrie zusammen und bot ein Forum, nicht nur Ergebnisse, sondern auch Ideen und Konzepte zu präsentieren und zu diskutieren.
Biomass segregation between biofilm and flocs improves the control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in mainstream partial nitritation and anammox processes (2018)

Abstract The control of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) challenges the implementation of partial nitritation and anammox (PN/A) processes under mainstream conditions. The aim of the present study was to understand how operating conditions impact microbial competition and the control of NOB in hybrid PN/A systems, where biofilm and flocs coexist. A hybrid PN/A moving-bed biofilm reactor (MBBR; also referred to as integrated fixed film activated sludge or IFAS) was operated at 15 °C on aerobically pre-treated municipal wastewater (23 mg NH4-N ·L −1 ). Ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and NOB were enriched primarily in the flocs, and anammox bacteria (AMX) in the biofilm. After decreasing the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) from 1.2 to 0.17 mg O2 ·L −1 - with all other operating conditions unchanged - washout of NOB from the flocs was observed. The activity of the minor NOB fraction remaining in the biofilm was suppressed at low DO. As a result, low effluent NO 3 − concentrations (0.5 mg N ·L −1 ) were consistently achieved at aerobic nitrogen removal rates (80 mg N ·L −1 ·d −1 ) comparable to those of conventional treatment plants. A simple dynamic mathematical model, assuming perfect biomass segregation with AOB and NOB in the flocs and AMX in the biofilm, was able to qualitatively reproduce the selective washout of NOB from the flocs in response to the decrease in DO-setpoint. Similarly, numerical simulations indicated that flocs removal is an effective operational strategy to achieve the selective washout of NOB. The direct competition for NO 2 − between NOB and AMX - the latter retained in the biofilm and acting as a “NO 2 -sink” - was identified by the model as key mechanism leading to a difference in the actual growth rates of AOB and NOB ( i.e ., μ NOB &lt; μ AOB in flocs) and allowing for the selective NOB washout. Experimental results and model predictions demonstrate the increased operational flexibility, in terms of variables that can be easily controlled by operators, offered by hybrid systems as compared to solely biofilm systems for the control of NOB in mainstream PN/A applications. Highlights Hybrid PN/A systems provide increased operational flexibility for NOB control AOB and NOB enrich primarily in the flocs, and AMX in the biofilm (“NO 2 -sink”) AMX use NO 2 − allowing to differentiate AOB and NOB growth rates A decrease in DO or an increase in floc removal leads to selective NOB washout from flocs The activity of the minor NOB fraction in the biofilm is suppressed at limiting DO
Instantaneous microwave-photonic spatial-spectral channelization via k-space imaging (2021)

The ability to both spatially and spectrally demultiplex wireless transmitters enables communication networks with higher spectral and energy efficiency. In practice, demultiplexing requires sub-millisecond latency to map the dynamics of the user space in real-time. Here, we present a system architecture, referred to as k-space imaging , which channelizes the radio frequency signals both spatially and spectrally through optical beamforming, where the latency is limited only by the speed of light traversing the optical components of the receiver. In this architecture, a phased antenna array samples radio signals, which are then coupled into electro-optic modulators (EOM) that coherently up-convert these signals to the optical domain, preserving their relative phases. The received signals, now optical sidebands, are transmitted in optical fibers of varying path lengths, which act as true time delays that yield frequency-dependent optical phases. The output facets of the optical fibers form a two-dimensional optical phased array in an arrangement preserving the phases generated by the angle of arrival (AoA) and the time-delay phases. Directing the beams emanating from the fibers through an optical lens produces a two-dimensional Fourier transform of the optical field at the fiber array. Accordingly, the optical beam formed at the back focal plane of the lens is steered based upon the phases, providing the angle of arrival and instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM), with latency determined by the speed of light over the optical path length. We present a numerical evaluation and experimental demonstration of this passive AoA- and frequency-detection capability.
Routers With Very Small Buffers: Anomalous Loss Performance for Mixed Real-Time and TCP Traffic (2008)

The past few years have seen researchers debate the size of buffers required at core Internet routers. Much of this debate has focused on TCP throughput, and recent arguments supported by theory and experimentation suggest that few tens of packets of buffering suffice at bottleneck routers for TCP traffic to realise acceptable link utilisation. This paper introduces a small fraction of real-time (i.e. open-loop) traffic into the mix, and discovers an anomalous behaviour: In this specific regime of very small buffers, losses for real-time traffic do not fall monotonically with buffer size, but instead exhibit a region where larger buffers cause higher losses. Our contributions pertaining to this phenomenon are threefold: First, we demonstrate this anomalous loss performance for real-time traffic via extensive simulations including real video traces. Second, we provide qualitative explanations for the anomaly and develop a simple analytical model that reveals the dynamics of buffer sharing between TCP and real-time traffic leading to this behaviour. Third, we show how various factors such as traffic characteristics and link rates impact the severity of this anomaly. Our study particularly informs all-optical packet router designs (envisaged to have buffer sizes in the few tens of packets) and network service providers who operate their buffer sizes in this regime, of the negative impact investment in larger buffers can have on the quality of service performance.