gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The oral language skills of young offenders: A pilot investigation (2001)

Although there is a large body of evidence attesting to the poor social skills of juvenile offenders, few workers have examined the underlying language skills of this population. This pilot study investigated the language skills of a group of young offenders in comparison to non‐offending school students. Data were gathered from 15 community‐based young offender males, aged between 13 and 21 years (M = 16.5 years, SD = 2.1) from the Victorian southern region Juvenile Justice Units. The comparison group comprised 15 male students, aged between 15 and 17 years (M = 16.4 years; SD = 0.51) from government high schools in south‐eastern metropolitan Melbourne. Each participant completed a narrative discourse task and measures of speed of processing, and abstract language. It was hypothesised that the young offender group would perform more poorly on each of the language tasks than the comparison group. Independent t tests (with a modified alpha level to control for family‐wise error rates) showed that there were significant differences in the expected direction, on all language measures. Notwithstanding the pilot nature of the investigation, implications of these findings for both further research and intervention/early intervention are described.
Performance Measurements of the First RAID Prototype (1990)

The performance is examined of Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID) the First, a prototype disk array. A hierarchy of bottlenecks was discovered in the system that limit overall performance. The most serious is the memory system contention on the Sun 4/280 host CPU, which limits array bandwidth to 2.3 MBytes/sec. The array performs more successfully on small random operations, achieving nearly 300 I/Os per second before the Sun 4/280 becomes CPU limited. Other bottlenecks in the system are the VME backplane, bandwidth on the disk controller, and overheads associated with the SCSI protocol. All are examined in detail. The main conclusion is that to achieve the potential bandwidth of arrays, more powerful CPU's alone will not suffice. Just as important are adequate host memory bandwidth and support for high bandwidth on disk controllers. Current disk controllers are more often designed to achieve large numbers of small random operations, rather than high bandwidth. Operating systems also need to change to support high bandwidth from disk arrays. In particular, they should transfer data in larger blocks, and should support asynchronous I/O to improve sequential write performance.
Avaliação agronômica de um biossólido industrial para a cultura do milho (2005)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade agronômica de um biossólido industrial para a cultura do milho. O experimento foi realizado no campo, em um Cambissolo distrófico, nos anos agrícolas 1999/2000 e 2000/2001. A aplicação de 0, 6, 12, 18 e 24 Mg ha-1 de biossólido base seca, suplementado com K2O nos dois anos e 30% do P2O5 recomendado no segundo ano, foi comparada à adubação mineral completa. O biossólido melhorou a fertilidade do solo, o estado nutricional e a produtividade do milho, que apresentou resposta quadrática às doses aplicadas, atingindo a máxima de 9.992 kg ha-1 de grãos com 22,5 Mg ha-1 de biossólido, superando em 21% a adubação mineral e em 74% o controle. Mesmo na maior dose aplicada, os teores de nutrientes, Na e metais pesados no biossólido não causaram fitotoxicidade. A equivalência em produtividade à adubação mineral (7.895 kg ha-1) foi obtida com 10 Mg ha-1 de biossólido. Com base na equivalência ao NPK, o valor do biossólido foi estimado em R$ 43,70 Mg-1 base seca e R$ 8,74 Mg-1 base úmida. Considerando-se o custo de transporte, a aplicação deste biossólido é economicamente viável numa distância de até 66 km da fonte geradora.
Mechanochemical generation of acid-degradable poly(enol ether)s (2021)

In an effort to develop polymers that can undergo extensive backbone degradation in response to mechanical stress, we report a polymer system that is hydrolytically stable but unmasks easily hydrolysable enol ether backbone linkages when force is applied. These polymers were synthesized by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of a novel mechanophore monomer consisting of cyclic ether fused bicyclohexene. Hydrogenation of the resulting polymers led to significantly enhanced thermal stability (<i>T</i> <sub>d</sub> > 400 °C) and excellent resistance toward acidic or basic conditions. Solution ultrasonication of the polymers resulted in up to 65% activation of the mechanophore units and conversion to backbone enol ether linkages, which then allowed facile degradation of the polymers to generate small molecule or oligomeric species under mildly acidic conditions. We also achieved solid-state mechano-activation and polymer degradation <i>via</i> grinding the solid polymer. Force-induced hydrolytic polymer degradability can enable materials that are stable under force-free conditions but readily degrade under stress. Facile degradation of mechanically activated polymechanophores also facilitates the analysis of mechanochemical products.
IGF-1 inhibits the mitochondrial apoptosis program in mesangial cells exposed to high glucose (2003)

The activated insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) protects cells from a wide range of apoptotic stimuli. Hyperglycemia promotes the intracellular generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, both of which have been linked to the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis program. Here, we report for the first time that ligand activation of the IGF-1R protects normal human mesangial cells and SV40 murine mesangial cells from the glycol-oxidant-induced apoptosis program. The IGF-1R antiapoptosis program was dependent on the recruitment of both Akt/PKB and the ERK subfamily of mitogen-activated protein kinases. IGF-1 treatment also protected the redox potential of mesangial cells maintained at high ambient glucose concentration, by inhibiting the generation of reactive oxygen intermediates and preserving mitochondrial transmembrane potential. IGF-1R survival signals targeted the Bcl-2 family of proteins to protect against glucose-induced apoptosis and oxidative stress. IGF-1-treated cells exhibited a decrease in the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio; increased phosphorylation/inactivation of Bad at Ser112 and Ser136; inhibition of cytochrome c release; perturbations directionally opposed to the initiation of the apoptosis program. In addition, we demonstrate IGF-1R-activated ERK signaling modules phosphorylate Ser112 of the mitochondrial Bad protein, establishing a direct link between surface IGF-1R and the survival program in mitochondria. Our findings indicate that in mesangial cells maintained at high ambient glucose concentration, IGF-1 activates a survival program that maintains the integrity of mitochondria and prevents the expression of the genetic program for apoptosis.
Structure-activity relationship analysis of cytotoxic cyanoguanidines: selection of CHS 828 as candidate drug (2009)

According to this structure-activity relationship (SAR) study, CHS 828 meets the requirements for optimal cytotoxic activity for this class of compounds.
Stereochemistry of the Synthesis of 1‐(2‐Cyano‐2‐methoxyiminoacetyl)‐3‐ethylurea and Its E‐Configuration Crystal Structure. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Feasibility of using low-cost portable particle monitors for measurement of fine and coarse particulate matter in urban ambient air (2016)

The performance of a low-cost particulate matter (PM) sensor was evaluated in an urban residential area. Both PM<sub>2.5</sub> and coarse PM (PM<sub>10-2.5</sub>) mass concentrations were estimated using a DC1700 PM sensor. The calculated PM mass concentrations from the number concentrations of DC 1700 were close to those measured with the Grimm 11-R when relative humidity was less than 60% for both PM<sub>2.5</sub> and coarse PM. Particle size distribution was more important for the association of coarse PM between the DC 1700 and Grimm 11-R than it was for PM<sub>2.5</sub>.
Identification of Volatile Compounds Responsible for Prune Aroma in Prematurely Aged Red Wines (2008)

The premature aging of red Vitis vinifera L. wines is mainly associated with the formation of an intense off-flavor reminiscent of prunes. The compounds responsible for this deterioration in red wine flavor have not previously been identified. Sensory descriptive analysis associated with a gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O) technique was first performed to find characteristic odoriferous zones of 15 aged red wines with or without a marked prune aroma. Afterward, high-pressure liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (MDGC-MS) were used to identify the odorants reminiscent of prunes in prematurely aged red wines and in the dried fruit. Three compounds were detected with a strong odor of prunes: gamma-nonalactone, beta-damascenone, and 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione. The perception threshold of the latter beta-diketone in a model hydroalcoholic solution is 16 ng/L. Identified for the first time in aged red wines, this very powerful volatile compound was also suggested to produce the characteristic prune aroma of prematurely aged red wines. The presence of 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione was also detected in prunes for the first time.
Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of methadone infusions in patients with cancer pain (1990)

To determine the relationship between changes in plasma methadone concentration and pharmacodynamic effects, plasma methadone profiles and pharmacodynamics (analgesia and sedation) were measured during and after the continuous infusion of methadone for 180 to 270 minutes in 15 patients with pain caused by cancer. An increase in plasma methadone concentration resulted in a rapid increase in pain relief or sedation. The estimates of values of 50% of maximum effect (Css50) for pain relief and sedation obtained with a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model varied tenfold to twentyfold among patients; the mean Css50 value for pain relief (0.359 +/- 0.158 [SD] micrograms/ml) was virtually the same as the mean Css50 value for sedation (0.336 +/- 0.205 [SD] micrograms/ml). Similarly, the mean gamma (slope function) for pain relief (4.4 +/- 3.8 [SD]) and sedation (5.8 +/- 5.4 [SD]) did not differ. Examination of hysteresis plots of data obtained during the infusion and for 4 to 5 hours after cessation of the infusion revealed a very rapid equilibration between plasma methadone values and the sites mediating pain relief. There was no indication of the development of tolerance to the pharmacodynamic effects of methadone during the study. This report describes a method for quantitating the pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic relationships of the desirable and undesirable effects of opioid analgesics.
Splitting of Interlayer Shear Modes and Photon Energy Dependent Anisotropic Raman Response in N-Layer ReSe2 and ReS2 (2016)

We investigate the interlayer phonon modes in N-layer rhenium diselenide (ReSe2) and rhenium disulfide (ReS2) by means of ultralow-frequency micro-Raman spectroscopy. These transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit a stable distorted octahedral (1T') phase with significant in-plane anisotropy, leading to sizable splitting of the (in-plane) layer shear modes. The fan-diagrams associated with the measured frequencies of the interlayer shear modes and the (out-of-plane) interlayer breathing modes are perfectly described by a finite linear chain model and allow the determination of the interlayer force constants. Nearly identical values are found for ReSe2 and ReS2. The latter are appreciably smaller than but on the same order of magnitude as the interlayer force constants reported in graphite and in trigonal prismatic (2Hc) transition metal dichalcogenides (such as MoS2, MoSe2, MoTe2, WS2, WSe2), demonstrating the importance of van der Waals interactions in N-layer ReSe2 and ReS2. In-plane anisotropy results in a complex angular dependence of the intensity of all Raman modes, which can be empirically utilized to determine the crystal orientation. However, we also demonstrate that the angular dependence of the Raman response drastically depends on the incoming photon energy, shedding light on the importance of resonant exciton-phonon coupling in ReSe2 and ReS2.
Metal-Induced Self-Assembly of a Pyrene-Tethered Hydroxamate Ligand for the Generation of Multichromophoric Supramolecular Systems. The Pyrene Excimer as Switch for Iron(III)-Driven Intramolecular Fluorescence Quenching (1998)

We report the first example of intramolecular excimer formation in supramolecular trichromophoric systems resulting from the metal-directed self-assembly of chromophore-labeled ligand molecules. The trichromophoric gallium(III) chelate, (1)3Ga, shows an intense pyrene excimer fluorescence emission in acetonitrile, while the iron(III) analogue, (1)3Fe, exhibits a fluorescence of very low intensity compared to that of the free hydroxamate ligand 1. The trivalent gallium metal cation is demonstrated to play the role of an inert and transparent linker, whereas the ferric center acts additionally as an extra chromophore that quenches the pyrene singlet state. On the basis of low-temperature fluorescence measurements, the mechanism of quenching within (1)3Fe is attributed to a pyrene-to-iron electronic energy transfer process. 1H NMR and electronic absorption spectroscopies show that intramolecular interactions between pyrene chromophores prevail in the ground state, which leads to the formation of preassociated excimers for both chelates. From the dependence of the solvent on the photophysical properties of (1)3Ga and (1)3Fe, it is inferred that the Fe(III)-induced quenching process is triggered by the ground-state and excited-state intramolecular dimerization of the pyrene moieties, with the pyrene-to-iron energy transfer taking place more readily from the excimer singlet state as donor than from the locally excited state.
Lessons from KEEPS: the Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (2020)

The Kronos Early Estrogen Prevention Study (KEEPS) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial designed to determine the effects of hormone treatments (menopausal hormone treatments [MHTs]) on the progression of carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) in recently menopausal women. Participants less than 3 years from menopause and without a history of overt cardiovascular disease (CVD), defined as no clinical CVD events and coronary artery calcium < 50 Agatston units, received either oral conjugated equine estrogens (0.45 mg/day) or transdermal 17β-estradiol (50 µg/day), both with progesterone (200 mg/day for 12 days/month), or placebo pills and patches for 4 years. Although MHT did not decrease the age-related increase in CIMT, KEEPS provided other important insights about MHT effects. Both MHTs versus placebo reduced the severity of menopausal symptoms and maintained bone density, but differed in efficacy regarding mood/anxiety, sleep, sexual function, and deposition of β-amyloid in the brain. Additionally, genetic variants in enzymes for metabolism and uptake of estrogen affected the efficacy of MHT for some aspects of symptom relief. KEEPS provides important information for use of MHT in clinical practice, including type, dose, and mode of delivery of MHT recently after menopause, and how genetic variants in hormone metabolism may affect MHT efficacy on specific outcomes.
Differences Exist in the Left and Right Sciatic Nerves of Naïve Rats and Cats (2015)

The sciatic nerve of rats and cats is commonly used in experimental models of peripheral nerve injury and repair, as well as experiments involving peripheral nerve electrode implantation. In such experiments, morphometric parameters from the implanted nerve are commonly evaluated and compared to control values obtained from the contralateral nerves. However, this may not be an appropriate approach as differences may naturally exist in the structure of the two nerves owing to developmental or behavioral asymmetry. Additionally, in the cat, baseline values for standard morphometric parameters are not well established. In this study, we characterized fascicle area, fiber count, fiber density, fiber packing, mean g-ratio, and fiber diameter distributions in the rat and cat, as well as investigated the potential for naturally occurring sided differences in these parameters in both species. We also investigated whether animal age or location along the nerve influenced these parameters. We found that sided or left/right leg differences exist in some parameters in both the rat and the cat, calling into question the validity of using the contralateral nerve as a control. We also found that animal age and location along the nerve can make significant differences in the parameters tested, establishing the importance of using control nerves from age- and behaviorally matched animals whose morphometric parameters are collected and compared from the same location.
Intelligent water dispenser system based on embedded systems (2010)

Using single-bus temperature sensor DS18B20 to measure real-time temperature of the drinking fountains, providing calendar and time through clock chip DS1302, receiving information from the remote through HS0038B, and displaying the calendar and time as well as the current temperature value through LCD12864, the system was designed based on microcontroller STC89C52. The system's overall design concept, the hardware circuit and software flow chart and design, temperature error of processing and the use of fitting algorithm have been demonstrated. The system has such functions as remote control, temperature control, cooling, variable power heating, with a high level of safety, stability, intelligent control and low power consumption.
Temperature Dependence of Thermal Performance of Space Using Multilayer Insulation (2012)

T = temperature , K t = thickness, m V = volume flow rate, L min -1 Subscripts av = average temperature , K B = boil-off tank or base plate g = vapor Hem = hem of MLI blanket l = liquid MLI = MLI outermost surface, Test MLI N = number of layers, number of test MLI n = number of control MLI blanket (masking MLI blanket) S = outermost surface of MLI Total = total into the boil-off tank, measured from evaporation rate by experiment V = vacuum chamber
Cl2/Ar and CH4/H2/Ar dry etching of III–V nitrides (1996)

Electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) and reactive ion etching (RIE) rates for GaN, AlN, InN, and InGaN were measured using the same reactor and plasma parameters in Cl2/Ar or CH4/H2/Ar plasmas. The etch rates of all four materials were found to be significantly faster for ECR relative to RIE conditions in both chemistries, indicating that a high ion density is an important factor in the etch. The ion density under ECR conditions is ∼3×1011 cm−3 as measured by microwave interferometry, compared to ∼2×109 cm−3 for RIE conditions, and optical emission intensities are at least an order of magnitude higher in the ECR discharges. It appears that the nitride etch rates are largely determined by the initial bond breaking that must precede etch product formation, since the etch products are as volatile as those of conventional III–V materials such as GaAs, but the etch rates are typically a factor of about 5 lower for the nitrides. Cl2/Ar plasmas were found to etch GaN, InN, and InGaN faster than CH4/H2/Ar under ECR conditions, while AlN was etched slightly faster in CH4/H2/Ar plasmas. The surface morphology of InN was found to be the most sensitive to changes in plasma parameters and was a strong function of both rf power and etch chemistry for ECR etching.
Defense Policy (1994)

A popular view of the Bush administration is that although it failed miserably in many aspects of domestic affairs, especially economic policy, it was much more successful in its foreign and defense policies. The President’s own interest in security, together with events such as the interventions in Panama and Kuwait, give credence to this conclusion. When examined closely, however, the record of the Bush administration in defense policy is more complex than this suggests. There were considerable achievements, but the administration’s defense policy was criticized — for different reasons — by both conservatives and liberals.
An application of IN technology for 800 MHz PCS (2002)

GTE Telecommunication Services Inc. (GTE TSI) has developed an innovative platform that provides cellular carriers with the ability to deploy IN based services without costly upgrades to their non-IN mobile switches. Unlike other similar offerings, this platform can be deployed and provisioned entirely by the cellular carrier with minimal involvement of the local exchange carrier (LEC). The product, IntelliBase Enhanced Services, has an open architecture and will provide the carriers with the flexibility to either deploy GTE TSI developed services, or, build their own services using a third party IN capable service control point (SCP). Currently, GTE TSI is field trialing Spoken Caller Identification, Selective Call Delivery and Who's Calling Me? services on this platform. These services are to be followed by Personal Telephone Number and Personal Call Delivery services. GTE TSI will offer this platform as a turnkey solution as well as operate it as a service bureau. This paper details the architecture of the product and its applications in the cellular environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Pointer swizzling at page fault time (1991)

We describe a scheme for supporting huge address spaces without the need for long addresses implemented in hardware. Pointers are translated ("swizzled") from a long format to a shorter format (directly supported by normal hardware) at page fault time. No extra hardware is required beyond that normally used by virtual memory systems, and no continual software cost is incurred by presence checks or indirection of pointers.This scheme could be used to fault pages into a normal memory from a persistent store, or simply to avoid extra hardware requirements when supporting large address spaces. It exploits temporal and spatial locality in much the same way as a normal virtual memory, so its performance should be quite good.
7,8-dihydroxyflavone, a small molecular TrkB agonist, is useful for treating various BDNF-implicated human disorders (2016)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) regulates a variety of biological processes predominantly via binding to the transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase TrkB. It is a potential therapeutic target in numerous neurological, mental and metabolic disorders. However, the lack of efficient means to deliver BDNF into the body imposes an insurmountable hurdle to its clinical application. To address this challenge, we initiated a cell-based drug screening to search for small molecules that act as the TrkB agonist. 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is our first reported small molecular TrkB agonist, which has now been extensively validated in various biochemical and cellular systems. Though binding to the extracellular domain of TrkB, 7,8-DHF triggers TrkB dimerization to induce the downstream signaling. Notably, 7,8-DHF is orally bioactive that can penetrate the brain blood barrier (BBB) to exert its neurotrophic activities in the central nervous system. Numerous reports suggest 7,8-DHF processes promising therapeutic efficacy in various animal disease models that are related to deficient BDNF signaling. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the binding activity and specificity, structure-activity relationship, pharmacokinetic and metabolism, and the pre-clinical efficacy of 7,8-DHF against some human diseases.
Measurements of Time Lag in Concrete Gravity Dam Foundations (1991)

Uplift measurements from eight large concrete gravity dams show that the time lag between an increase in headwater level and a corresponding increase in uplift pressure is insignificant. When making stability calculations, it is not appropriate to assume that time lag reduces uplift.