gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interstrain differences in susceptibility to liver carcinogenesis initiated by N-nitrosodiethylamine and its promotion by phenobarbital in C57BL/6NCr, C3H/HeNCrMTV- and DBA/2NCr mice (1986)

Selected inbred strains of mice were compared with respect to their susceptibility to two-stage liver carcinogenesis. Five-week-old male mice of strains C57BL/6NCr (C57), C3H/HeNCrMTV- (C3H) and DBA/2NCr (DBA) were given a single i.p. injection of N-nitrosodiethylamine (DEN, 90 mg/kg body weight) or the solvent tricaprylin (10 ml/kg). Beginning 2 weeks later, half of the DEN-treated and half of the control mice were given drinking water containing 0.05% phenobarbital (PB). Ten mice from each treatment group were killed at 12, 24, 36 and 52 weeks of age (5, 17, 29 and 45 weeks exposure to PB). PB significantly increased both the number of hepatocellular foci/cm2 and the incidence of hepatocellular tumors after 17 weeks of treatment in 24-week-old DEN-initiated mice of strains C3H (0.11 +/- 0.07 versus 2.9 +/- 0.3 foci/cm2 and 20 versus 70% incidence of hepatocellular tumors) and DBA (0.09 +/- 0.09 versus 3.72 +/- 0.6 foci/cm2 and 0 versus 90% incidence of hepatocellular tumors) but was ineffective in C57 mice (0.04 +/- 0.04 versus 0.07 +/- 0.07 foci/cm2). At 36 weeks of age the incidence of liver cell tumors in mice given DEN but not PB was 10 (DBA), 10 (C57) and 50% (C3H); the incidence was increased by PB to 90% in DBA and 100% in C3H mice, but there was no increase in C57 mice. Even at 52 weeks, the low incidence of hepatocellular tumors in C57 mice given DEN only (20%) was not significantly increased by subsequent exposure to PB. Serum PB levels observed at 12, 24 and 36 weeks of age were significantly higher in DBA mice than in C57 or C3H mice. Similar results were observed in a separate study in which PB was administered in drinking water to 7-week-old male mice of these three strains for 20 days, during which period serum PB levels were measured at shorter intervals. DBA mice thus appear to be unable to metabolize PB, which itself rather than its metabolites is probably responsible for tumor-promoting effects. DBA mice were especially sensitive, while C57 mice were refractory to promotion of hepatocarcinogenesis by PB. These two strains, which differ with respect to other significant parameters for chemical carcinogenesis including inducibility for aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and susceptibility to promotion of hydrocarbon-initiated skin tumors by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, thus also provide a means for analysis of the pharmacogenetics of susceptibility to hepatocellular tumor promotion.
Role of p53 in Apoptosis (1997)

Recent research in apoptosis has crossed the boundaries into the fields of tumorigenesis and antineoplastic therapy. It is becoming overwhelmingly apparent that the same defects in tumor cells that promote their inappropriate growth and survival can contribute to their resistance to therapy. The p53 protein was first identified as a cellular phosphoprotein that coimmunoprecipitated with the Simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen. During recent years, a significant amount of effort has been devoted toward understanding the physiological function of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. The first functional characteristic ascribed to p53 is the ability to suppress the growth of tumor cells when overexpressed. The physiological role of the p53 gene product appears to be as a critical mediator of two different cellular responses following exposure to DNA damage: growth arrest in the G1 phase of the cell cycle or apoptosis. Both of these outcomes might contribute to the tumor suppressor function of p53. This chapter attempts to review the literature pertaining to the pathway of the decision of a given cell to undergo p53-mediated G1 arrest versus apoptosis and discusses how it has changed current concepts of how loss of p53 function might contribute to tumorigenesis and lead to the aquisition of drug-resistant phenotypes.
Alkyl Chain Dynamics in Monolayer-Protected Clusters (MPCs):  A Quasielastic Neutron-Scattering Investigation (2002)

Dynamics of alkyl chains in an isolated monolayer protected cluster (MPC), AuC18 (Cn = n carbon n-alkanethiolate), and a superlattice of AgC8 MPC have been investigated by quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) technique in the temperature range of 300−400 K. The results have been compared with a layered silver thiolate, AgC12, chosen to represent a planar two-dimensional monolayer. In the cluster superlattice, QENS broadening was observed even at room temperature and below the chain melting temperature (Tcm) whereas for the isolated cluster it was seen only above Tcm. In the layered silver thiolate, it was observed above the melting point. Data pertain to the rotational motions of the alkyl chains and can be best described by jump diffusion among N equivalent sites or continuous rotation about the molecular axis. At room temperature, the observed dynamics in AgC8 correspond only to the noninterdigitized molecular chains which amount to about 50% of the total. Above 340 K, contribution from the interdigitized chains manifest and at 380 K, close to the superlattice melting, all the chains become dynamic. It is clearly established that the temperature required for the dynamics to manifest increases from the isolated cluster to the superlattice to the thiolate, suggesting a gradual increase in intermolecular interactions. Reorientation times for all these systems have been obtained at each temperature.
Electrical conduction in thin chromium films (1987)

We have prepared thin (50–1500 Å) polycrystalline films of Cr by vacuum (10−8 Torr) evaporation methods using the deposition rate on Corning glass 7059 and its temperature as experimental parameters. Electrical resistivity (ρ) of these films has been studied in situ as a function of temperature (T), film thickness (t), and the above preparation variables. Our films exhibit well-definied anomalies at the Néel temperature which is strongly dominated by internal stresses. The ρ vs T curves are briefly compared with those of other investigators.
High Frequency Polarization Modulation Method for Measuring Birefringence (1975)

A high frequency modulation method utilizing a photoelastic polarization modulator for the measurement of optical birefringence is described and discussed. Although the apparatus has the high sensitivity required to measure very small retardations, the accurate measurement of larger retardations is emphasized and a particularly simple null detection technique for such measurements is described. Results obtained for some common uniaxial crystals are presented and compared with previously obtained results.
Differential regulation of mannose 6-phosphate receptors and their ligands during the myogenic development of C2 cells. (1991)

The mammalian insulin-like growth factor II/cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (IGF-II/CIMPR) mediates both targeting and endocytosis of mannose 6-phosphate-containing proteins and binds insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II). The cation-dependent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CDMPR) lacks an IGF-II-binding site and participates only in the intracellular trafficking of lysosomal enzymes. During terminal differentiation of the myogenic C2 cell line, there is an increase in cell surface expression of the IGF-II/CIMPR in parallel with a rise in secretion of IGF-II (Tollefsen, S.E., Sadow, J.L., and Rotwein, P. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 1543-1547). In this study we show that IGF-II/CIMPR mRNA increases by more than 10-fold during the initial 48 h of C2 muscle differentiation with kinetics similar to the rise in IGF-II mRNA. Comparable levels of both mRNAs are expressed in C2 myotubes and in primary cultures of fetal muscle. By contrast, no change is observed in CDMPR transcript abundance during differentiation, and only a small, transient increase is seen in the enzymatic activities and mRNA levels of several lysosomal enzymes. The differential regulation of the two mannose 6-phosphate receptors during muscle differentiation suggests that they may serve distinct functions in development.
Focal liver lesions suspicious of hepatocellular carcinoma (2015)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common malignancy worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer deaths. The highest rates are in East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa with figures more than five times that of the Western world. Chronic hepatitis B and C virus infections account for 85% of HCC cases, followed by alcohol-induced liver injury. Aflatoxin B1 produced by the molds Aspergillus parasiticus and A. flavus in contaminated grains is an environmental hazard in the tropics. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with the metabolic syndrome is the newest kid on the block. The major clinical risk factor is cirrhosis and any nodule of any size detected in such a milieu is always a cause for concern. HCCs are well-known heterogeneous tumors with regard to histologic patterns, cell morphology, and differentiation. The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of HCC lists classic type, variants, and special types.
Polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) films (1992)

Devices constructed from thin polymer films with randomly dispersed liquid crystal droplets (PDLC films) are reviewed. PDLC films have already been researched in some detail and materials in the form of tough flexible films are available commercially. The materials used in their manufacture are available in commercial quantities and can be processed by standard film-forming techniques rendering large-area, environmentally robust displays and light shutters easy and inexpensive to manufacture. Single-piece light valves of up to 3 m2 are relatively common. PDLC shutters do not require polarisers, so that light loss through the cell in the clear state is reduced. The article describes the operating principle of PDLC films and discusses their electro-optic properties with emphasis on their influence on device performance. Finally, an assessment of present and future applications of this technology is presented.
A 4.9 ns, 3.3 volt, 512 macrocell, CMOS PLD with hot socket protection and fast in system programming (2003)

A high density, Programmable Logic Device (PLD) family developed for hot socketing and high performance is discussed. The family is fabricated on a 0.32 um quadruple layer metal process. The largest family member is a 512 macrocell part with typical pin to pin delays of 4.9 ns. The design techniques and testing methodology to guarantee safe hot socketing are described. Streamlined In System Programming (ISP) and circuits used to configure EEPROM cells with a 3.3-V supply are also discussed.
Bioavailability and Metabolism of Potassium Phosphanilate in Laboratory Animals and Humans (1980)

Phosphanilic acid is an antibacterial agent with a mode of action and antibacterial spectrum similar to those of sulfamethoxazole, with the exception that it has potent antipseudomonal activity. Bioavailability studies in rats (50, 300, and 600 mg/kg, oral and subcutaneous), dogs (50, 150, and 450 mg/kg, oral and intravenous infusion), and humans (400 and 800 mg, oral) showed that the extent of oral absorption of potassium phosphanilate was low. The bioavailability, calculated by comparing the oral values for area under the plasma concentration curve with those for the respective parenteral doses, was 10% for rats and 45 (50 and 150 mg/kg) and 19% (450 mg/kg) for dogs. The 24-h urinary recovery also confirmed the low oral bioavailability, i.e., rat, 13 (oral) and 75% (subcutaneous); dog, 15 to 29 (oral) and 87% (intravenous) of the dose. Plasma levels and urinary recovery (4%, oral) were low and variable in humans. The poor absorption of oral doses may be due to drug precipitation in the stomach, low permeability of the soluble species due to extensive in situ ionization (pK(a), 1.8 to 2) in the intestine, or first-pass metabolism to N-acetylphosphanilic acid. The plasma t((1/2)) values after parenteral administration were 0.3 h in rats and 1.3 h in dogs. Although the lack of adequate blood levels of phosphanilic acid after oral administration in humans precludes the use of this compound for treatment of systemic infections, the sustained urinary concentration at levels severalfold higher than the minimal inhibitory concentration (1 mug/ml) for at least 10 h postdose was indicative of the therapeutic usefulness in urinary tract infections.
GaAs Fabry‐Pérot cavity photoconductors: switching with picojoule optical pulses (2013)

It is shown that low‐temperature‐grown GaAs photoconductors using a Fabry‐Pérot cavity are very efficient optical switches in comparison with planar photoconductors. A switching efficiency of about 60% was measured with a pulse energy as low as 1.2 pJ and about 100% efficiency is achieved with a pulse energy of 14.2 pJ. Efficient optical sampling of microwave signals is now achievable with a low power pulsed laser.
E-Mobility-Opportunities and Challenges of Integrated Corner Solutions (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;E-mobility is a game changer for the automotive domain. It promises significant reduction in terms of complexity and in terms of local emissions. With falling prices and recent technological advances, the second generation of electric vehicles (EVs) that is now in production makes electromobility an affordable and viable option for more and more transport mission (people, freight).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Current e-vehicle platforms still present architectural similarities with respect to combustion engine vehicle (e.g., centralized motor). Target of the European project EVC1000 is to introduce corner solutions with in-wheel motors supported by electrified chassis components (brake-by-wire, active suspension) and advanced control strategies for full potential exploitation. Especially, it is expected that this solution will provide more architectural freedom toward “design-for-purpose” vehicles built for dedicated usage models, further providing higher performances.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Target of this paper are (a) to introduce the EVC1000 project and results achieved so far; (b) with the example of two vehicle platforms (AUDI E-tron and JAC iEV7) to discuss platform migration opportunities and challenges related to corner solutions, and (c) to present preliminary results (simulation based) with respect to expected performance increase.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optimum Design of Conversion Gain and Full Well Capacity in CMOS Image Sensor With Lateral Overflow Integration Capacitor (2009)

An optimum design theory to clarify a possible limit of achieving both high conversion gain (CG) and full well capacity (FWC) at the same time in a CMOS image sensor with a lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) in a pixel is discussed. The possible limit of both high CG and high FWC is theoretically derived from a signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) formula at a switching point from a low light signal (S1) to a bright one (S2). Based on this theory, a 1/4-in VGA-format 5.6-mum-pixel-pitch CMOS image sensor has been fabricated through a 0.18-mum 2P3M CMOS technology. A high-quality wide-dynamic-range image sensing has been demonstrated with no significant visible noise, achieving over 32 dB of SNR for an 18% gray card.
Optical and scintillation properties of single crystal CsSr1−xEuxI3 (2010)

In this research, we report our up-to-date results on the optical and scintillation properties of a new high light yield scintillation material: CsSr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> Eu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (x is in a range of 0 to 1). Single crystals with various Eu concentrations were successfully grown by Vertical Gradient Freeze technique in vacuum sealed quartz ampoules. Optical and scintillation properties were characterized. X-ray excited radioluminescence shows an emission peak at ~450nm due to the 5d-4f transition in Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> . Scintillation light yield is 73,000 ph/MeV with 3.9% energy resolution at 662 keV for sample with Eu concentration of 7% relative to Sr. The scintillation time profile can be fitted by a single exponential with a time constant of 1.7-3.4 μs, depending on Eu concentration.
Analysis of temperature profiles and protective mechanism against dry-band arcing in silicone rubber nanocomposites (2010)

The paper discusses the mechanism by which nanofillers improve the erosion resistance of silicone rubber nanocomposites under simulated conditions of dry band arcing. Various micro-nano composites are studied, including microfiller, nanofiller, combinations of both, and with a commercial surfactant to improve the dispersion of the nanofiller. The thermal conductivity of the composites, measured using a standard method, shows higher thermal conductivity when the nanofiller is well dispersed. A thermal model is developed and solved with finite element method (FEM) to examine the temperature profile in the modelled nanocomposites under laser heating, which simulates the hot spot from dry band arcing. The hot spot is compared to the measured temperature profile by an infrared camera. SEM, EDAX, and XRD techniques are used to analyze the thermally decomposed silicone residue after laser heating to elucidate the protective mechanism in the silicone rubber nanocomposites.
Spacer FinFET: nano-scale CMOS technology for the terabit era (2002)

A spacer lithography process technology using a sacrificial layer and a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) spacer layer has been developed, and is demonstrated to achieve sub-40 nm structures with conventional dry etching. The minimum-sized features are defined not by photolithography but by the CVD film thickness. Therefore the spacer lithography technology yields CD (Critical Dimension) variations of minimum-sized features which are much smaller than achieved by optical or e-beam lithography. It also provides a doubling of device density for a given lithography pitch. This spacer lithography technology is used to pattern Si-fin structures for double-gate MOSFETs (FinFETs), and CMOS FinFET results are reported.
Possible Regulation of Migration of Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cells by Interaction of CXCR4 Expressed in Carcinoma Cells with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Stromal-Derived Factor-1 Released in Stroma (2006)

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is highly fatal because of early invasion, widespread metastasis, and lack of an effective therapy. We examined roles of CXCR4 and its ligand, stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1, in migration of ICC with respect to tumor-stromal interaction by using two ICC cell lines, a fibroblast cell line (WI-38), and 28 human ICC tissues. The two ICC cell lines expressed CXCR4 mRNA and protein, and WI-38 fibroblasts expressed SDF-1 mRNA and protein. Migration of cultured ICC cells in Matrigel was induced by co-culture with WI-38 fibroblasts and by incubation with SDF-1. Anti-SDF-1 antibody suppressed migration, demonstrating that SDF-1 released from WI-38 fibroblasts was responsible for this migration. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha pretreatment of ICC cells up-regulated CXCR4 mRNA and protein expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Administration of SDF-1 and TNF-alpha increased synergistically ICC cell migration, which was suppressed by the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100. In ICC tissue, TNF-alpha was mainly expressed in infiltrated macrophages, CXCR4 in ICC cells, and SDF-1 in stromal fibroblasts. In conclusion, the interaction of SDF-1 released from fibroblasts and CXCR4 expressed on ICC cells may be actively involved in ICC migration, and TNF-alpha may enhance ICC cell migration by increasing CXCR4 expression. CXCR4 could be a therapeutic target to prevent ICC invasion.
Building topological maps by looking at people: an example of cooperation between intelligent spaces and robots (2002)

Intelligent spaces are rooms or areas that are equipped with sensors such as microphones or cameras that enable them to perceive what is happening in them. In such spaces that have an intelligence of their own a world model no longer is something the robot has alone but a service offered by the information infrastructure of the space. In this article we show how such an intelligent space can generate a topological map for robots by looking at the movements of people in the room. We describe the stereo vision system that is capable of tracking the 3D movements of several humans in real time and give experimental results obtained in a real-world environment with several people.
Effect of acute haemorrhage and autotransfusion on respiration in the pig. (1983)

The effect of haemorrhage and transfusion of blood on minute ventilation, VE, in eight anaesthetized pigs was studied by bleeding the animals from the jugular vein and retransfusion of the same quantity of blood. Bleeding the pig from the jugular vein at approximately 50 ml/min, during 2 min, decreased V/ by 8.4 +/- 5.6 per cent of the pre-bleeding control valve (p = 0.0004) and when the same quantity of blood was retransfused the VE increased by 11.8 +/- 12.4 per cent (p=0.03). The possible mechanisms are discussed. We conclude that: a) mechanoreceptors localized in pulmonary circulation play an important role in the VE response during the first seconds of venous haemorrhage and venous transfusion, b) autotransfusion from moving legs and its effect on pulmonary mechanoreceptors may explain in part hyperpnoea at the onset of muscular exercise.
Development of a simple and sensitive fluorimetric method for isolation of coumaphos-hydrolysing bacteria (2002)

This is a unique and versatile tool to screen for bacteria possessing phosphotriesterase activity.
An anti–IL-13 antibody reverses epithelial-mesenchymal transition biomarkers in eosinophilic esophagitis: Phase 2 trial results (2020)

RPC4046 significantly reduced EMT markers in adults with active EoE, with greater effects at 360 mg. Together with results for eosinophil density and clinical end points from the main trial, these data support the hypothesis that pharmacologic IL-13 inhibition ameliorates both inflammatory and remodeling pathways and could potentially reduce the risk of fibrostenotic complications.
Solvothermal Synthesis and Detailed Analysis of Hydroxyapatite Nanostructure (2013)

Hydroxyapatite (HA) nanostructures may be an advanced candidate in biomedical applications for an apatite substitute of bone and teeth than other form of HA. In contrast, well-defined size and shape control in synthesizing HA nanostructures is always difficult. Solvothermal synthesis method was adopted to prepare highly ordered hydroxyapatite nanostructures. The morphological analysis by FESEM confirms that the preparation conditions greatly influences the morphological characterization. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements indicate the formation of crystalline hexagonal hydroxyapatite. The crystillinity of HA decreased with increasing ethyline glycol.