gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible Light Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation by Zn- and Ti-Doped Hematite Nanostructures (2014)

The electrodeposition method was used for modification of a nanostructured hematite photoanode with Ti and Zn to improve the photoelectrocatalytic performance of hematite in the water splitting reaction. The photoelectrocatalytic activity of the hematite electrodes modified with Ti4+ and Zn2+ was optimized through the controlled variation of the dopant ion concentration in the electrodeposition solution. Under optimized conditions, for standard illumination of AM 1.5G (100 mW cm–2), the photocurrent density at the Ti/Zn-modified hematite anode reached 1.5 mA cm–2 at 1.23 V vs RHE that was 2.5-times higher than that observed with the pristine hematite electrode, the photoelectrocatalysis onset potential being 63 mV reduced. Effects of Ti and Zn doping on the photoelectrochemical activity of pristine hematite were studied by scanning electron microscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. On the basis of the obtained results, the improved performance of the Ti/Zn-modified hematite stemmed from the combination of the enhanced electrical conductivity along with the facilitated charge transport in the bulk phase and at the surface of hematite. The effect of Zn-doping decreasing the overpotential of the reaction by 218 mV (solely Zn-doped compared to that of the pristine hematite) was correlated with the Zn contribution to the interfacial catalysis of water oxidation.
Effects of Retinoids on Cancerous Phenotype and Apoptosis in Organotypic Cultures of Ovarian Carcinoma (2001)

At clinically achievable concentrations, all retinoids tested decrease the growth fraction, induce differentiation and apoptosis. Induction of MUC1 expression is implicated in the mechanisms of action.
Prevention of Stress-Provoked Endothelial Injury by Values Affirmation: a Proof of Principle Study (2015)

BACKGROUND: Few studies have tested whether cellular processes directly associated with cardiovascular disease risk can be influenced by a psychological inoculation. PURPOSE: This study investigated whether values affirmation, a psychological procedure designed to reduce stress and threat perception, would prevent endothelial injury to social evaluative threat (SET). METHODS: Participants (N=32) were randomized to SET, SET with values affirmation, or Control. SET was induced with the Trier Social Stress Test, and participants performed values affirmation prior to SET induction. Using flow cytometry, endothelial injury was assessed by measuring circulating levels of endothelial cell-derived microparticles (EMPs) phenotypic for endothelial cell activation (CD62E+), apoptosis (CD31+) or both (CD51+). RESULTS: Social threat caused expected increases in circulating EMPs phenotypic of endothelial cell injury, a response completely attenuated in those receiving values affirmation. CONCLUSIONS: This study, as proof of principle due to small sample size, shows cellular level, cardiovascular disease-relevant effects of social stress and provides the first evidence of inoculation against such effects by a psychological procedure.
Biomaterial Strategies for Immunomodulation (2015)

Strategies to enhance, suppress, or qualitatively shape the immune response are of importance for diverse biomedical applications, such as the development of new vaccines, treatments for autoimmune diseases and allergies, strategies for regenerative medicine, and immunotherapies for cancer. However, the intricate cellular and molecular signals regulating the immune system are major hurdles to predictably manipulating the immune response and developing safe and effective therapies. To meet this challenge, biomaterials are being developed that control how, where, and when immune cells are stimulated in vivo, and that can finely control their differentiation in vitro. We review recent advances in the field of biomaterials for immunomodulation, focusing particularly on designing biomaterials to provide controlled immunostimulation, targeting drugs and vaccines to lymphoid organs, and serving as scaffolds to organize immune cells and emulate lymphoid tissues. These ongoing efforts highlight the many ways in which biomaterials can be brought to bear to engineer the immune system.
An evaluation of the drug interaction potential of netupitant with substrates, inhibitor and inducer of CYP3A4. (2012)

e19533 Background: Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK 1 RA) is commonly administered in combination with a 5-HT 3 RA such as palonosetron (PALO) to prevent the stimulus of nausea and vomiting caused by emetogenic chemotherapy. Netupitant (NETU), a new NK 1 RA under evaluation for its antiemetic efficacy and tolerability, is both a substrate for and a competitive inhibitor of CYP3A4. Two studies were designed to determine the potential risk for drug-drug interaction in clinical practice. In the first study, the effects of NETU on the metabolism of two representative CYP3A4 substrates, erythromycin (ERY) and midazolam (MID) were determined. In the second study, a CYP3A4 inhibitor, ketoconazole (KETO), or an inducer, rifampicin (RIF) was coadministered with a fixed dose combination of NETU/PALO to observe the potential effects on NETU and PALO metabolism. Methods: Serial blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were determined in both studies. The first trial was a 3-period crossover performed in 20 subjects receiving NETU (300 mg), ERY (500 mg) or MID (7.5 mg). The second trial was a 2-way crossover in 36 subjects receiving a single dose of NETU/PALO (300 mg/0.5mg, Day 1) administered as a fixed dose combination and KETO (400 mg QD, from Day-2 to Day 10) or RIF (600 mg QD from Day -7 to Day 10). Results: NETU, by inhibiting the CYP3A4, increased Cmax and AUC parameters by 40% and 130%, respectively, when administered with MID and by 30% when administered with ERY. KETO increased NETU AUC by 140% and Cmax by 25%, while RIF decreased NETU AUC by 83% and Cmax by 62%. A decrease of 19% was observed in PALO AUC when administered with RIF, while KETO had no relevant effect on PALO PK. Conclusions: The results of these studies suggest that the coadministration of NETU with drugs that are substrates, inhibitors, or inducers of the CYP3A4 enzymes, may require dose adjustments. These results are in line with pharmacokinetic data of aprepitant, the only commercially available NK 1 RA. The effect of RIF on PALO is not considered clinically relevant. Treatments were well tolerated in all studies.
Driving microalgal production in raceway systems to near optimal productivities (2013)

We propose a simple operational criterion for raceway systems that when integrated in a closed-loop controller allows to attain microalgal productivities very near to the maximal theoretical producitivities. The strategy developed was tested numerically by using a mathematical model of microalgae growth in raceways.
Stability of multiple steady states of convection in laterally heated cavities (1999)

A parametric study of multiple steady states, their stability, onset of oscillatory instability, and some supercritical unsteady regimes of convective flow of a Boussinesq fluid in laterally heated rectangular cavities is presented. Cavities with four no-slip boundaries, isothermal vertical and perfectly insulated horizontal boundaries are considered. Four distinct branches of steady-state flows are found for this configuration. A complete study of stability of each branch is performed for the aspect ratio A (length/height) of the cavity varying continuously from 1 to 11 and for two fixed values of the Prandtl number: Pr = 0 and Pr = 0.015. The results are represented as stability diagrams showing the critical parameters (critical Grashof number and the frequency at the onset of the oscillatory instability) corresponding to transitions from steady to oscillatory states, appearance of multi-roll states, merging of multiple states and backwards transitions from multi-roll to single-roll states. For better comparison with the existing experimental data, an additional stability study for varying Prandtl number (0.015 [les ] Pr [les ] 0.03) and fixed value of the aspect ratio A = 4 was carried out. It was shown that the dependence of the critical Grashof number on the aspect ratio and the Prandtl number is very complicated and a very detailed parametric study is required to reproduce it correctly. Comparison with the available experimental data for A = 4 shows that the results of a two-dimensional stability analysis are in good agreement with the experimental results if the width ratio (width/height) of the experimental container is sufficiently large. The study is carried out numerically with the use of two independent numerical approaches based on the global Galerkin and finite-volume methods.
Optimal Design of a Hybrid Winding Structure for Planar Contactless Battery Charging Platform (2006)

Planar contactless battery charging platform is an emerging technology that has the potential of unifying the charging protocols of portable consumer electronic products. In this paper, a new hybrid structure which consists of a coil and a spiral winding is proposed for improving the uniform magnetic field distribution over the charging surface. An analysis into an optimal design of the number of turns and the dimension of the spiral winding is presented for a given concentrated coil. The uniform magnetic field distribution of the designed prototype is measured by an EMC scanner and by an energy-receiving coil. Based on circuit modeling and analysis, the inverter circuit topology and particularly the resonant compensation tank is designed for maximizing power transfer for multi-load applications. A design procedure is proposed and verified by the experiments. An efficiency of about 80% has been achieved for the coupling structure itself when four loads are charged on the platform simultaneously
Genome-Wide Association Scan Allowing for Epistasis in Type 2 Diabetes (2010)

In the presence of epistasis multilocus association tests of human complex traits can provide powerful methods to detect susceptibility variants. We undertook multilocus analyses in 1924 type 2 diabetes cases and 2938 controls from the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium (WTCCC). We performed a two-dimensional genome-wide association (GWA) scan using joint two-locus tests of association including main and epistatic effects in 70,236 markers tagging common variants. We found two-locus association at 79 SNP-pairs at a Bonferroni-corrected P-value = 0.05 (uncorrected P-value = 2.14 × 10⁻¹¹). The 79 pair-wise results always contained rs11196205 in TCF7L2 paired with 79 variants including confirmed variants in FTO, TSPAN8, and CDKAL1, which are associated in the absence of epistasis. However, the majority (82%) of the 79 variants did not have compelling single-locus association signals (P-value = 5 × 10⁻⁴). Analyses conditional on the single-locus effects at TCF7L2 established that the joint two-locus results could be attributed to single-locus association at TCF7L2 alone. Interaction analyses among the peak 80 regions and among 23 previously established diabetes candidate genes identified five SNP-pairs with case-control and case-only epistatic signals. Our results demonstrate the feasibility of systematic scans in GWA data, but confirm that single-locus association can underlie and obscure multilocus findings.
An integrated bi-directional power electronic converter with multi-level AC-DC/DC-AC converter and non-inverted buck-boost converter for PHEVs with minimal grid level disruptions (2010)

In order to increase energy independency and decrease harmful vehicle emissions, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have been suggested as viable replacements for conventional internal combustion (IC) vehicles. In the event that PHEVs do command a large market share, their interactions with the grid could either become a large asset or a large burden for the grid, depending on the interface used and how it is implemented. This paper will present a bi-directional converter that not only enables beneficial vehicle-to-grid (V2G) interactions, but also ensures that all power delivered to and from the grid has good power factor and near zero current harmonics. To accomplish this task, a multi-level bi-directional AC-DC converter is combined with an integrated bi-directional DC-DC converter. The proposed converter has four different modes of operation that allows it to supply power to or from the battery to either the grid or the high voltage bus of the PHEV. These capabilities make this topology an ideal candidate for HEV to V2G equipped PHEV conversions.
A UTILIZAÇÃO DO EXCEL COM ATIVIDADES EXPLORATÓRIAS PARA O TRATAMENTO DE INFORMAÇÕES EM CONTEÚDOS DE ESTATÍSTICA (2021)

This article discusses some contributions of exploratory activities with Statistical content on a technical course in Commerce of a state school of vocational education.The main objectives of this research were to enable the construction of tables, graphics and concepts of average, median, and standard deviation from present situations in the daily life of the students with the help of Excel software and assess whether Excel contributes to a better understanding of these Statistical content when associated with the application of exploratory activities.The methodology used was the exploratory and qualitative instruments for data collection consisted of exploratory activities and records of Excel worksheets recorded on the computer.Thus, the study pointed out that the exploratory activities when associated with Excel can provide a more meaningful understanding of some Statistical content for students, indicating alternative didactics for the formation of critical stances and reflexive in math classes.
A parallel discrete element method for industrial granular flow simulations (1999)

INTRODUCTION Granular or particulate materials, composed of a large number of loosely-packed individual particles or grains, are an integral part of our environment; common examples are sand, powder, rocks and grains in their many forms. The flow of such granular material plays a critical role in many industrial processes, such as separation and mixing (eg in the manufacture of glass and pharmaceuticals), rotary moulding of plastics, mineral production and processing (eg blasting and excavation, crushing and grinding of mineral ores), commodity sampling (eg from conveyor belts), stockpile construction and discharge, and flows in and from hoppers and silos. Since small reductions in energy consumption or increases in output represent substantial financial benefits for plant owners, significant effort is placed on improving the efficiency of such processes. Numerical simulation of granular flows has an increasing role to play in this optimisation procedure. Granular flows are known to
Discovery of Progesterone Receptor Agonists and Antagonists inspired by the Fungal Metabolite PF1092C (2006)

In the course of our microbial screening studies to find novel nonsteroidal PR ligands, the fungal metabolites PF 1092 A, B and C were isolated from extracts of cell cultures of the rare fungus Penicillium oblatum PF 1092. We initially sought to identify the minimal pharmacophore by totally synthetic methods, and then clarified the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of PF 1092 (tetrahydronaphthofuranone) derivatives. SAR studies revealed that substituents at the 6-and 7-positions were critical for PR binding affinity and for agonist or antagonist activity. Furthermore, we synthesized tetrahydrobenzindolones possessing a lactam ring, which are chemically more stable than tetrahydronaphthofuranones and generally showed higher PR binding affinity than the corresponding tetrahydronaphthofuranones. The effects of representative antagonists, 37d and 49f, and representative agonists, 51c and 53a were confirmed in in vivo tests. In this report, we mainly describe the synthesis and SAR of these derivatives, as new nonsteroidal PR ligands.
Interaction of the small proteoglycan decorin with fibronectin. Involvement of the sequence NKISK of the core protein (1991)

Decorin, an interstitial small proteoglycan, was shown to interact with fibronectin via its core protein. In a solid-phase assay, both high-affinity (KD values between 10 and 20 nM) and low-affinity (KD values between 110 and 130 nM) binding sites were found. The central position of decorin core protein is made up of several repeats containing NKISK in positions 85-89 and similar sequences in other repeats. The pentapeptide inhibited, albeit not completely, the high-affinity interaction between decorin and fibronectin in a specific charge-independent manner. Half-maximal inhibition occurred at a peptide concentration of 10 microM. Core-protein-derived peptides that had been produced by endoproteinase Lys-C digestion were not inhibitory, but endoproteinase Arg-C-generated peptides served as inhibitors of binding. These results suggest that NKISK as a component of repetitive sequences of decorin is involved in the interaction between the proteoglycan and fibronectin.
Solvent‐induced self‐organization approach for polymeric architectures of micropores, hexagons and spheres based on polyurethanes prepared via novel melt transurethane methodology (2007)

Abstract Solvent‐induced self‐organization approach was developed, for the first time, to produce polyurethane microporous templates and higher ordered morphologies such as micro or nanometer‐sized polymeric hexagons and spheres. A novel melt transurethane methodology was designed and developed for synthesizing new class of cycloaliphatic polyurethanes under nonisocyanate and solvent‐free conditions. In this new process, a diurethane monomer was polycondensed with equimolar amounts of diol in presence of Ti(OBu) 4 as catalyst with the removal of low boiling alcohol from the equilibrium. The hydrogen bonding of the polyurethanes are very unique to their chemical structure and they undergo selective phase‐separation process in solution to produce hexagonally packed microporous templates. The increase of water content in the polymer solution enhances the phase‐separation process and the micro pores coalesce to isolate the encapsulated polymer matrix into polymeric hexagons or densely packed solid spheres. The concentration‐dependent solution FTIR and 1 H NMR of the polyurethanes revealed that the polymers possessing higher H‐bonding association constants ( K ) have greater tendency to undergo solvent‐induced self‐organization phenomena. The mechanism of solvent‐evaporation process indicated that only microporous polyurethanes have tendency to form higher ordered hexagons and spheres whereas others failed to show any new morphology. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2351–2366, 2007
Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics of Air Pollution (1986)

Air Pollutants Effects of Air Pollution Sources of Pollutants in Combustion Processes Gas-Phase Atmospheric Chemistry Aqueous-Phase Atmospheric Chemistry Mass Transfer Aspects of Atmospheric Chemistry Properties of Aerosols Dynamics of Single Aerosol Particles Thermodynamics of Aerosols and Nucleation Theory Dynamics of Aerosol Population Air Pollution Meteorology Micrometeorology Atmospheric Diffusion Theories The Gaussian Plume Equation The Atmospheric Diffusion Equation and Air Quality Models Atmospheric Removal Processes and Residence Times Air Pollution Statistics Acid Rain Index.
Brief Questionnaire Derived from PANSS Using a General Probability Model to Assess and Monitor the Clinical Features of Schizophrenia (2016)

Questionnaire developed based on P1 and N4 may facilitate the patients' family members to better understand the disease state and help to prevent relapse.
Stellar Collapse and the Formation of Black Holes (2004)

We review the engines behind neutrino‐driven supernovae and gamma‐ray bursts. Combined with our understanding of the convection‐enhanced, neutrino‐driven supernova mechanism, the stellar collapse can explain all of the supernova‐like explosions observed from normal supernovae, to weak explosions and jet‐like hypernovae. Combining this theoretical understanding with observations suggests that the collapsar rate is roughly 1/1000th that of normal supernovae.
Completeness of lung cancer surgery: is mediastinal dissection common practice? (2012)

In daily practice, the intended curative resection for lung cancer cannot be considered complete in the majority of patients, because of an incomplete lymph node dissection according to the current guidelines of the ESTS.
Improved Bone Metabolism in Female Elite Athletes after Vitamin K Supplementation (1998)

In female elite athletes strenuous exercise may result in hypoestrogenism and amenorrhoea. As a consequence a low peak bone mass and rapid bone loss are often seen in relatively young athletes. In postmenopausal women, increased intake of vitamin K may result in an increase of serum markers for bone formation, a decrease of urinary markers for bone resorption, and a decrease in urinary calcium loss. In the present paper we report an intervention study among eight female athletes, four of whom had been amenorrhoeic for more than one year, whereas the others had been using oral contraceptives. All participants received vitamin K supplementation (10 mg/day) during one month, and various bone markers were measured before and after treatment. At baseline the athletes not using oral contraceptives were biochemically vitamin K-deficient as deduced from the calcium binding capacity of the circulating bone protein osteocalcin. In all subjects increased vitamin K was associated with an increased calcium-binding capacity of osteocalcin. In the low-estrogen group vitamin K supplementation induced a 15-20% increase of bone formation markers and a parallel 20-25% decrease of bone resorption markers. This shift is suggestive for an improved balance between bone formation and resorption.
A high-speed surface-mount optical data link for military applications (2002)

The design and performance of the AT&T ODL (optical data link) 250H, a low-profile surface-mount optical data link suitable for use in hash military environments at data rates up to 250 Mb/s, is described. This optical data link consists of a transmitter and a receiver, each self-contained in a compact package which may be used on both sides of standard electronic module circuit boards. Packages are hermetically enclosed and contain no organic materials. The transmitter and receiver operate at an optical wavelength of 1.3 mu m. Each uses a pigtail which may be selected to interface with either 62.5/125 or 100/140- mu m multimode optical fiber. The electrical input and output signals are 100K ECL (emitter coupled logic) compatible. From -55 degrees C to +125 degrees C this link typically allows for approximately 20 dB of optical loss in a system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>