gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HADES—A command environment that supports structure (1982)

Abstract HADES is a command program designed to aid programmers and authors involved in writing systems with an inherently high degree of structuring. It presents the system being developed in a hierarchical fashion, encouraging a top down approach to its design, and alleviates many of the problems experienced with traditional filing systems. Unlike other programming environment systems, the utility programs and tools do not have to be ‘integrated’ into the system, which means that new and existing tools can be quickly and easily added. This results in a rich set of operations implemented at very low cost. The paper outlines some of the problems that arise with traditional filing systems from the point of view of software development, and then presents the approach adopted by HADES. This is followed by a discussion of the strengths and weaknesses of the result and some reflections on the lessons that have been learnt.
Obtaining the Thermal Structure of Lakes from the Air (2015)

The significance of thermal heterogeneities in small surface water bodies as drivers of mixing and for habitat provision is increasingly recognized, yet obtaining three-dimensionally-resolved observations of the thermal structure of lakes and rivers remains challenging. Remote observations of water temperature from aerial platforms are attractive: such platforms do not require shoreline access; they can be quickly and easily deployed and redeployed to facilitate repeated sampling and can rapidly move between target locations, allowing multiple measurements to be made during a single flight. However, they are also subject to well-known limitations, including payload, operability and a tradeoff between the extent and density over which measurements can be made within restricted flight times. This paper introduces a novel aerial thermal sensing platform that lowers a temperature sensor into the water to record temperature measurements throughout a shallow water column and presents results from initial field experiments comparing \emph{in situ} temperature observations to those made from the UAS platform. These experiments show that with minor improvements, UASs have the potential to enable high-resolution 3D thermal mapping of a \(\sim\)1-ha lake in 2–3 flights (\textit{circa} 2 h), sufficient to resolve diurnal variations. This paper identifies operational constraints and key areas for further development, including the need for the integration of a faster temperature sensor with the aerial vehicle and better control of the sensor depth, especially when near the water surface.
EFFECTS OF LARGE-VOLUME CRYSTALLOID INFUSION ON SYSTEMIC AND SPLANCHNIC BLOOD FLOW, OXYGEN METABOLISM AND TONOMETRY IN EXPERIMENTAL SEPTIC SHOCK (1999)

Society Of Critical Care Medicine 29Th Educational And Scientific Symposium; Orlando, Florida, Usa; February 11-15, 2000: Poster Presentations
Java Bytecode Optimizations (1997)

In this paper we present our results obtainedfrom applying well known optimizations to Java bytecodes. We survey the optimizations implemented thus far; which include peephole optimizations, jump redundaricj~ eliminations, and comnion subexpressiori elimination. The transformations are each analyzed according to several criteria. We measure the impact each has oti reducing a program’s execution time and size, the frequency by which the optimizations can De applied, and the extra compile time incurred. TogetheK these results quantijj the overall effectiveness of employing classical optimizations on bytecodes. Our experiments were conducted on a representative set of public domain Javn programs which were coriipiled using Sun’s JDK 1.0.2. All transformations were applied to Dytecodes with no access to their original soiirce.
Data from Circulating Tumor DNA in HER2-Amplified Breast Cancer: A Translational Research Substudy of the NeoALTTO Phase III Trial (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;In the neoadjuvant treatment (NAT) setting, dual HER2-targeted therapy is associated with increased pathologic complete response (pCR) rates compared with each therapy alone. Biomarkers allowing to predict treatment response during NAT are needed. We aim to evaluate whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is associated with response to anti-HER2–targeted therapy.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Plasma DNA collected before NAT, at week 2, and before surgery from patients enrolled in the NeoALTTO trial was assessed using digital PCR for &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutation detection.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;A total of 69 of 455 (15.2%) patients had a &lt;i&gt;PIK3CA&lt;/i&gt; and/or &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutation detected in the baseline tumor sample and evaluable ctDNA results from baseline samples. CtDNA was detected in 41%, 20%, and 5% patients before NAT, at week 2, and before surgery, respectively. ctDNA detection before NAT was significantly associated with older age and ER-negative status. ctDNA detection before NAT was associated with decreased odds of achieving pCR (OR = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.034–0.7; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0089), but not with event-free survival (EFS). Analyses for EFS were underpowered. Interestingly, the patients with HER2-enriched subtype tumors and undetectable ctDNA at baseline had the highest pCR rates. In contrast, patients with persistent ctDNA detection at baseline and week 2 had the lowest rate of pCR.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;ctDNA detection before neoadjuvant anti-HER2 therapies is associated with decreased pCR rates. Interestingly, patients with HER2-enriched tumors and undetectable ctDNA at baseline had the highest pCR rates, therefore appearing as the best candidates for treatment deescalation strategies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of different N-acyl-serine lactone signaling molecules on the performance of anaerobic granular sludge (2022)

Exogenous addition of acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling molecules can improve or inhibit the methane production performance of anaerobic granular sludge (AnGS) by quorum sensing (QS). To explore the specific effect of AHLs on AnGS, 2 μM of signal molecules were added to the reactor and we analyzed their effects on AnGS biodiversity, extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), specific methanogenic activity (SMA) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of AnGS. The results indicated that the four types of AHLs improve the COD removal rate, SMA and organic composition of AnGS. The addition of <i>N</i>-(β-ketocaproyl)-dl-homoserine lactone (3O-C6-HSL) yielded the greatest increase in methanogenic activity, reaching a maximum of 30.83%. The four types of AHLs stimulate the secretion of EPS in AnGS by group sensing regulation. The addition of <i>N</i>-hexanoyl-l-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), <i>N</i>-octanoyl-dl-lactone (C8-HSL) and 3O-C6-HSL induced the enrichment of <i>Actinobacteria</i>. Thus, the process of hydrolysis and acidification of AnGS is accelerated. The addition of <i>N</i>-butyryl-dl-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), C6-HSL and 3O-C6-HSL promote the potential methanogenic metabolic pathway of AnGS. The addition of all AHLs directly or indirectly enhanced the methane metabolism pathway of sludge and improved the specific methane generation activity of AnGS. These results are expected to provide preliminary research data for enhancing the methane production efficiency of reactors and enriching the biological activity of AnGS.
Streamlining Cloud Management Automation by Unifying the Invocation of Scripts and Services Based on TOSCA (2014)

Today, there is a huge variety of script-centric approaches, APIs, and tools available to implement automated provisioning, deployment, and management of applications in the Cloud. The automation of all these aspects is key for reducing costs. However, most of these approaches are script-centric and provide proprietary solutions employing different invocation mechanisms, interfaces, and state models. Moreover, most Cloud providers offer proprietary APIs to be used for provisioning and management purposes. Consequently, it is hard to create deployment and management plans that integrate multiple of these approaches. The goal of the authors work is to come up with an approach for unifying the invocation of scripts and services without handling each proprietary interface separately. A prototype realizes the presented approach in a standards-based manner using the Topology and Orchestration Specification for Cloud Applications (TOSCA).
A Study on Strategic Modeling to Develop Comics Content with Smart Device Platform (2013)

A new transition of content is required by the developmental evolution of Smart Device Platform and the production of comics has been changed. Also, the necessity of the strategy for content is on the rise owing to the change of SNS network. Currently we are having hey days of Webtoon market in Korea. Webtoon's got about 200 million hits by viewers on a weekly basis in NAVER and DAUM, the two Korean prominent portals. The content is already saturated with these sorts of comic books, low-volume of Webtoons, high-quality Webtoons and new-styled novels. Especially, the Webtooon market has been strongly regarded as area of free of charge, so it is difficult to switch into a fee chargeable market at this moment. This study is to propose the strategic model for developing and distributing content, and support to progress Korean comics market steadily. This application of modeling can produce diverse content with qualitative improvement. Moreover, it can expand comics market and then complete a virtuous circulation to reproduce comics through profits. In sequence, the expansion of business in storytelling of comics will help to keep the virtuous circulation stable to plant itself as the Korean Wave all over the world.
Experimental analysis of electromagentic noises from airplane flying trough clouds (SCI) (2004)

The radiations produced by airplane flying through clouds were measured by using the New Mexico Tech Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) system with high space and time resolution on the ground. The analysis results indicate that the source powers of airplane radiation vary from minimum locatable values of about 1W typically up to 10kW or more in the 60～66MHz passband of the receivers and follow an approximate line inverse proportion to the numbers of radiation sources. This is a kind of radiation produced by discharge. The maximum powers of radiations occurred when airplane flew at 10～12km altitude or near the convective region with lightning flashes occurring. The powers of airplane radiation were different for different kinds of clouds through which airplane flew. The radiation sources of airplane were weakest when airplane flew through the cirrus clouds.
HPLC separation of enantiomers of chiral arylpropionic acid derivatives using polysaccharide‐based chiral columns and normal‐phase eluents with emphasis on elution order (2013)

The separation of enantiomers of ten chiral arylpropionic acid derivatives was studied on six different polysaccharide-based chiral HPLC columns with various normal-phase eluents. Along with the successful separation of analyte enantiomers, the emphasis of this study was on the effect of the chiral selector and mobile phase composition as well as of the separation temperature on the elution order of enantiomers. The interesting phenomena of reversal of enantiomer elution order function of the polysaccharide backbone (cellulose or amylose), type of derivative (carbamate or benzoate), nature and position of the substituent(s) in the phenylcarbamate moiety, the polar modifier of the mobile phase (ethanol or 2-propanol), its content in the mobile phase, and separation temperature were investigated. In addition, an unusual increase in retention with increasing temperature was observed for some arylpropionic acid derivatives.
Stratified continuum percolation: Scaling geometry of hierarchical cascades (1991)

Stratified percolation patterns result from hierarchical cascades with continuous overlap. The pattern construction is a hybrid process, combining continuum percolation with random curdling. Stratified percolation is a correlated percolation with fractal dimensions that can be continuously tuned. The percolation threshold is found to vary with changing correlations. The density of percolating sites is approximately log-normal and can be described by a multifractal. Trends in the f(\ensuremath{\alpha}) curves are studied as fractal dimensions are changed. The finite-size-scaling properties are investigated using Monte Carlo real-space renormalization. Because the patterns have features at all length scales, stratified percolation has intrinsically small-cell renormalization properties. However, the small-cell properties can be removed by transforming the occupation fraction into an equivalent occupancy for standard uncorrelated continuum percolation. The transformed threshold is approximately invariant with respect to changing correlations and is close to the standard value of ${\mathit{a}}_{\mathit{c}}$=0.7 for isotropic continuum systems. Stratified percolation has a correlation length exponent of \ensuremath{\nu}=1.33\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.05.
Climate change mitigation discourses in the institutional instruments that shape catchment governance in Queensland, Australia (2022)

Agriculture and Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sectors account for almost 25 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions through livestock farming, land clearing, and land use activities such as cropping, changing grassland into settlement or deforestation. The LULUCF is a key sector for carbon sink capacity. Despite desperate need for stronger climate change mitigation efforts, there has been little attention paid to the institutional instruments that govern the mitigation potential of the agriculture and LULUCF sectors in Australia. Using Australia's Lockyer Valley catchment in Queensland as an example, this study investigates the dominant discourses about climate change that are conveyed in the institutional instruments (legislation, policies, strategies, and plans) that apply to catchment scale governance. We employ Bacchi's approach to policy analysis, to understand the dominant discourses, silences, and underlying power dynamics that shape institutional instruments in a catchment setting. The key findings reveal (1) a discourse that is alert to the impacts of climate change while largely ignoring its link to greenhouse gas emissions; (2) a pronounced silence about emissions from agriculture and LULUCF in institutional instruments; and (3) a general development paradigm that couples economic growth with carbon emissions.
A Diagnosis of Grounding Grid Corrosion Defects Based on Branch Voltage Disturbance (2020)

The grounding grid is the cornerstone for maintaining the safe operation of the power system. The grounding network acts as a concealed project, and its invisible characteristics make the defects difficult to be detected, which causes major safety hazards in the system. Thus accurate diagnosis of grounding grid corrosion is vital in electrical engineering. A diagnosis method for grounding grid corrosion based on branch voltage disturbance is proposed in this paper, which can judge the location and degree of corrosion through branch voltage disturbance before and after corrosion. Firstly, the sensitivity of branch voltage to branch resistance of the grounding grid is analyzed. Secondly, a diagnostic model based on branch voltage disturbance is established, and the corresponding regularity between peak voltage disturbance and the corrosion state of the grounding grid branch is developed. Finally, it is verified by experiments that this method can effectively diagnose the corrosion of the grounding grid.
Influence of PMD value in dispersion compensating fibers on polarization dependence of Raman gain (2002)

Influence of PMD value in dispersion compensating fibers on polarization dependence of Raman gain
P2L: Predicting Transfer Learning for Images and Semantic Relations (2020)

We describe an efficient method to accurately estimate the effectiveness of a previously trained deep learning model for use in a new learning task. We use this method, "Predict To Learn" (P2L), to predict the most likely "source" dataset to produce effective transfer for training on a "target" dataset. We validate our approach extensively across 21 tasks, including image classification tasks and semantic relationship prediction tasks in the linguistic domain. The P2L approach selects the best transfer learning model on 62% of the tasks, compared with a baseline of 48% of cases when using a heuristic of selecting the largest source dataset and 52% of cases when using a distance measure between source and target datasets. Further, our work results in an 8% reduction in error rate. Finally, we also show that a model trained from merging multiple source model datasets does not necessarily result in improved transfer learning. This suggests that performance of the target model depends upon the relative composition of the source dataset as well as their absolute scale, as measured by our novel method we term `P2L'.
Human spindle variability (2021)

Abstract In humans, sleep spindles are 10-16 Hz oscillations lasting approximately 0.5-2 s. Spindles, along with cortical slow oscillations, facilitate memory consolidation by enabling synaptic plasticity. Early recordings of spindles at the scalp found anterior channels had overall slower frequency than central-posterior channels. This robust, topographical finding led to dichotomizing spindles as ‘slow’ versus ‘fast’, modelled as two distinct spindle generators in frontal versus posterior cortex. Using a large dataset of intracranial sEEG recordings (n=20, 365 bipolar recordings), we show that the difference in spindle frequency between frontal and parietal channels is comparable to the variability in spindle frequency within the course of individual spindles, across different spindles recorded by a given site, and across sites within a given region. Thus, fast and slow spindles only capture average differences that obscure a much larger underlying overlap in frequency. Furthermore, differences in mean frequency are only one of several ways that spindles differ. For example, compared to parietal, frontal spindles are smaller, tend to occur after parietal when both are engaged, and show a larger decrease in frequency within-spindles. However, frontal and parietal spindles are similar in being longer, less variable, and more widespread than occipital, temporal, and Rolandic spindles. These characteristics are accentuated in spindles which are highly phase-locked to posterior hippocampal spindles. We propose that rather than a strict parietal-fast/frontal-slow dichotomy, spindles differ continuously and quasi-independently in multiple dimensions, with variability due about equally to within-spindle, within-region and between-region factors. Significance Statement Sleep spindles are 10-16 Hz neural oscillations generated by cortico-thalamic circuits that promote memory consolidation. Spindles are often dichotomized into slow-anterior and fast-posterior categories for cognitive and clinical studies. Here, we show that the anterior-posterior difference in spindle frequency is comparable to that observed between different cycles of individual spindles, between spindles from a given site, or from different sites within a region. Further, we show that spindles vary on other dimensions such as duration, amplitude, spread, primacy and consistency, and that these multiple dimensions vary continuously and largely independently across cortical regions. These findings suggest that multiple continuous variables rather than a strict frequency dichotomy may be more useful biomarkers for memory consolidation or psychiatric disorders.
Fundamental roles of reactive oxygen species and protective mechanisms in the female reproductive system (2005)

Controlled oxidation, such as disulfide bond formation in sperm nuclei and during ovulation, plays a fundamental role in mammalian reproduction. Excess oxidation, however, causes oxidative stress, resulting in the dysfunction of the reproductive process. Antioxidation reactions that reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species are of prime importance in reproductive systems in maintaining the quality of gametes and support reproduction. While anti-oxidative enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, play a central role in eliminating oxidative stress, reduction-oxidation (redox) systems, comprised of mainly glutathione and thioredoxin, function to reduce the levels of oxidized molecules. Aldo-keto reductase, using NADPH as an electron donor, detoxifies carbonyl compounds resulting from the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Thus, many antioxidative and redox enzyme genes are expressed and aggressively protect gametes and embryos in reproductive systems.
Biology and Treatment of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2003)

Major advances have occurred in our understanding of the biology, immunology, and opportunities for treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in recent times. Surface antigen analysis has helped us define classical CLL and differentiate it from variants such as marginal zone leukemia, mantle cell leukemia, and prolymphocytic leukemia. An important observation has been that the B-cells in indolent types of CLL, which do not require therapy, have undergone somatic hypermutation and function as memory B-lymphocytes whereas those more likely to progress have not undergone this process. Section I by Dr. Nicholas Chiorazzi encompasses emerging elements of the new biology of CLL and will address the types of somatic hypermutation that occur in CLL cells and their correlation with other parameters such as telomere length and ZAP70 status. In addition he addresses the concept of which cells are proliferating in CLL and how we can quantitate the proliferative thrust using novel methods. The interaction between these parameters is also explored. Section II by Dr. Thomas Kipps focuses on immune biology and immunotherapy of CLL and discusses new animal models in CLL, which can be exploited to increase understanding of the disease and create new opportunities for testing the interaction of the CLL cells with a variety of elements of the immune system. It is obvious that immunotherapy is emerging as a major therapeutic modality in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Dr. Kipps addresses the present understanding of the immune status of CLL and the role of passive immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies such as rituximab, alemtuzumab, and emerging new antibodies. In addition the interaction between the CLL cells and the immune system, which has been exploited in gene therapy with transfection of CLL cells by CD40 ligand, is discussed. In Section III, Dr. Michael Keating examines the question "Do we have the tools to cure CLL?" and focuses on the fact that we now have three distinct modalities, which are able to achieve high quality remissions with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) negativity for the immunoglobulin heavy chain in CLL. These modalities include initial chemoimmunotherapy with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab, the use of alemtuzumab for marrow cytoreduction in minimal residual disease and allogeneic bone marrow transplants. The emergence of non-ablative marrow transplants in CLL has led to the broadening of the range of opportunities to treat older patients. The addition of rituximab to the chemotherapy preparative regimens appears to be a significant advance. The combination of our increased understanding of the biology, immune status, and therapy of CLL provides for the first time the opportunity for curative strategies.