gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous production of nanosized magnetite through low grade burial (2012)

Geological processes, such as burial, can lead to remagnetization in rocks due to neoformed magnetic minerals that have passed a critical volume, called blocking volume. In this study, we designed a heating experiment for claystones obtained from the Paris Basin (France), in the 50–130°C temperature range, in order to simulate &lt;4 km burial remagnetization. At a given temperature, remanence increased rapidly within a couple of days and stabilized afterward. There was a positive relation between the experimental temperature and the obtained remanence. Remanence was determined to be carried equally by stable chemical remanent magnetization and unstable thermo‐viscous remanent magnetization. By assuming that magnetite formed during the experiment, we interpreted the increase of chemical remanent magnetization and the increase of thermo‐viscous remanent magnetization as the continuous growth of the &gt;20 nm and ∼20 nm minerals respectively. This result led us to propose a conceptual model of nucleation‐and‐growth process of magnetite during low grade burial from ∼2 to ∼4 km depth. Ultrafine magnetite (≤20 nm) was predominant over single domain magnetite (&gt;20 nm) for &lt;4 km depth. Transposed to natural conditions, our heating steps experiment suggested that claystone‐type rocks are remagnetized during burial. For temperatures higher than 200°C, the extrapolation of our results indicated that burial remagnetization, due to the chemical remanent magnetization, might be larger than the natural remanent magnetization.
Symmetric replication of an unstable isodicentric Xq chromosome derived from isolocal maternal sister chromatid recombination (1999)

An amniocyte culture was found to be mosaic for 45,X/46,X,idic(X)(p11.2)/ 47,X, idic(X)(p11.2),idic(X)(p11.2) cell lines, reflecting mitotic nondisjunction of the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome. Upon learning of abnormal karyotype and ultrasound findings, the parents decided to discontinue the pregnancy. Subsequent cultures of fetal skin, kidney, and lung were mosaic 45,X/46,X,idic(X)(p11.2) reflecting mitotic loss of the unstable idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome. C-banding and in situ hybridization of X chromosome-specific α-satellite probe to metaphase fetal cells confirmed two centromeres on the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome with both centromeres appearing to be active in two-thirds of cells. This result was confirmed by centromere protein-E (CENP-E) antibody staining which delineated 80% of scored cells with two active centromeres and 20% with 1 active centromere. Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and acridine orange staining characterized the DNA replication pattern of the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome as late and symmetrically replicating. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of highly polymorphic loci determined that the normal X chromosome carried paternal alleles and the idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome carried maternal alleles from only one grandparental chromosome. Overall, the results suggest that recombination occurred between two maternal sister chromatids both in the same chromosome band Xp11.2 (isolocal) prior to maternal meiosis II anaphase to generate an unstable maternal idic(X)(p11.2) chromosome. Additional factors that could contribute to i(Xq) and idic(X) formation and instability are discussed along with a mechanism to explain the high frequency of intrauterine loss in 45,X pregnancies. Am. J. Med. Genet. 85:429–437, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Bone marrow-derived thymic antigen-presenting cells determine self-recognition of Ia-restricted T lymphocytes. (1985)

We previously have demonstrated that in radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras, T-cell self-Ia restriction specificity appeared to correlate with the phenotype of the bone marrow-derived antigen-presenting (or dendritic) cell in the thymus during T-cell development. However, these correlations were necessarily indirect because of the difficulty in assaying thymic function directly by adult thymus transplant, which has in the past been uniformly unsuccessful. We now report success in obtaining functional T cells from nude mice grafted with adult thymuses reduced in size by treatment of the thymus donor with anti-thymocyte globulin and cortisone. When (B10 Scn X B10.D2)F1 nude mice (I-Ab,d) are given parental B10.D2 (I-Ad) thymus grafts subcutaneously, their T cells are restricted to antigen recognition in association with I-Ad gene products but not I-Ab gene products. Furthermore, thymuses from (B10 X B10.D2)F1 (I-Ab,d)----B10 (I-Ab) chimeras transplanted 6 months or longer after radiation (a time at which antigen-presenting cell function is of donor bone marrow phenotype) into (B10 X B10.D2)F1 nude mice generate T cells restricted to antigen recognition in association with both I-Ad and I-Ab gene products. Thymuses from totally allogeneic bone marrow chimeras appear to generate T cells of bone marrow donor and thymic host restriction specificity. Thus, when thymus donors are radiation-induced bone marrow chimeras, the T-cell I-region restriction of the nude mice recipients is determined at least in part by the phenotype of the bone marrow-derived thymic antigen presenting cells or dendritic cells in the chimeric thymus.
Radioimmunoassay for arylsulfatase A in urine. (1985)

Purified arylsulfatase A (EC 3.1.6.1) from human urine was radioiodinated under conditions that caused no significant loss of antigenic activity. We used this labeled arylsulfatase A (specific radioactivity 4-7.5 Ci/g) together with nonlabeled enzyme and rabbit antiserum produced against homogeneous enzyme to develop a radioimmunoassay for arylsulfatase A in urine. A solid-phase, second-antibody technique (Immunobead Second Antibody; Bio-Rad Laboratories) was used to separate free enzyme from antigen-antibody complexes. The working range of the assay was 0.1-4.0 ng of enzyme; within- and between-assay CVs were around 10%, and the analytical recovery was 105.5% (SD 7.7%). The lower limit of detection was 0.08 ng of arysulfatase A per assay, substantially less than that of typical activity-based assays. Over a wide range of urinary arylsulfatase A activities, results by this method agreed well (r = 0.99) with those obtained by activity assays. We measured the enzyme in urines of 59 healthy volunteers and 92 patients with different diseases, including a group of colorectal cancer cases, to determine whether this could serve as a reliable marker for cancer of the colon; however, urinary excretion of arylsulfatase A by most patients with colon cancer was within normal limits.
Characterization of the recombination hot spot involved in the genomic rearrangement leading to the hybrid D-CE-D gene in the D(VI) phenotype. (1997)

In the Caucasian population, the RH locus of RhD-positive individuals is composed of two homologous genes, RHD and RHCE, arranged in tandem but of a single gene, RHCE, in RhD-negative individuals. Many variants recently characterized carry rearranged RH genes, most often by an unidirectional segmental DNA-exchange (gene-conversion) event. In D(VI) variants of type II, RHD is a D-CE-D hybrid gene in which the DNA fragment carrying exons 4-6 has been replaced by the corresponding sequences from the RHCE gene. To identify precisely and characterize the two transition sites, we have studied, by both PCR and sequence analysis, a genomic region between the 3' end of intron 3 and exon 7 in normal RHCE and RHD genes as well as in D(VI) DNA. We show that the D-CE breakpoint is located in intron 3, within a 250-bp fragment comprising an Alu S sequence, and that the CE-D breakpoint lies within a 39-bp fragment in intron 6. This Alu S sequence (and the 100-bp region immediately downstream) most likely defines a recombination hot spot, since there lies also the 5' breakpoint of different rearrangement events leading to D-CE and CE-D transitions in hybrid D(VI),DFR and Dc-,R(N) gene complexes, respectively.
Status of ATR-A1 irradiation experiment on vanadium alloys and low-activation steels (1997)

The ATR-A1 irradiation experiment in the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) was a collaborative U.S./Japan effort to study at low temperatures the effects of neutron damage on vanadium alloys. The experiment also contained a limited quantity of low-activation ferritic steel specimens from Japan as part of the collaboration agreement. The irradiation was completed on May 5, 1996, as planned, after achieving an estimated neutron damage of 4.7 dpa in vanadium. The capsule has since been kept in the ATR water canal for the required radioactivity cool-down. Planning is underway for disassembly of the capsule and test specimen retrieval.
FST-technologies for high rep-rate production of HiPER scale cryogenic targets (2011)

The target factory of an Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) power plant (or reactor) must supply the targets with a rate of 1-10 Hz including their injection and transport through the chamber. HiPER is a proposed European High Power laser Energy Research facility dedicated to demonstrate the feasibility of laser driven fusion for IFE reactor. The work of HiPER facility requires formation & delivery of cryogenic free-standing targets with a rate of more than 1 Hz. To meet these requirements, an approach to fuel layering based on conduction cooling of a batch of moving spherical targets has been developed at the Lebedev Physical Institute (LPI). The approach demands to use free-standing targets in each production step: fuel filling, fuel layering, target characterization and injection. In this report, the expert results on the development of a specialized layering module prototype for a high reprate FST formation of HiPER cryogenic targets are presented.
THz-wave generation and modulation for wireless communication using micro soliton comb (2022)

The THz-wave generation using O/E conversion of micro soliton comb modes has advantages in having compact laser source and the generation of THz-wave with low phase noise. We investigated the THz wireless communication systems using the two DFG lasers and micro soliton comb as a laser source.
PRUN : Eliminating Information Redundancy for Large Scale Data Backup System (2008)

In this work, we develop novel backup system, PRUN, for massive scale data storage. PRUN aims at improving the backup latency and storage overhead of backup via effectively eliminating information redundancy in the files. PRUN eliminates intra-file and inter-file information redundancy. PRUN consists of client module and server module. PRUN consists of three key technical ingredients: redundancy detection, fingerprint manager, and chunk manager. File chunking for redundancy detection is the most time consuming task in backup. For efficient file chunking, we develop incremental modulo-K algorithm which enables us to improve the file chunking time significantly. We perform various experiment to measure the overhead of each tasks in backup operation and to examine the efficiency of redundancy elimination. Incremental modulo-K reduces the file chunking latency by approximately 60%. Redundancy elimination scheme can reduce the storage requirement of backup by 80% when we backup different minor versions of Linux 2.6 kernel source.
referee report (2020)

A Vacuum Ultraviolet Ion Source (VUV-IS) for Iodide-Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Substitute for Radioactive Ion Sources" the authors describe how to apply a commercially available krypton lamp that emits two Kr lines in the VUV at 123.582 nm (10.030 eV) and 116.486 nm (10.641 eV). The VUV light photo-ionizes either methyl iodide or benzene to form cations and photoelectrons. The authors used two configurations to investigate the different sensitivities and to compare this ionisation with that of a radioactive source.
Competitive ride-sourcing market with a third-party integrator (2020)

Recently, some transportation service providers attempt to integrate the ride services offered by multiple independent ride-sourcing platforms, and passengers are able to request ride through such third-party integrators or connectors and receive service from any one of the platforms. This novel business model, termed as third-party platform-integration in this paper, has potentials to alleviate the cost of market fragmentation due to the demand splitting among multiple platforms. While most existing studies focus on the operation strategies for one single monopolist platform, much less is known about the competition and platform-integration as well as the implications on operation strategy and system efficiency. In this paper, we propose mathematical models to describe the ride-sourcing market with multiple competing platforms and compare system performance metrics between two market scenarios, i.e., with and without platform-integration, at Nash equilibrium as well as social optimum. We find that platform-integration can increase total realized demand and social welfare at both Nash equilibrium and social optimum, but may not necessarily generate a greater profit when vehicle supply is sufficiently large or/and market is too fragmented. We show that the market with platform-integration generally achieves greater social welfare. On one hand, the integrator in platform-integration is able to generate a thicker market and reduce matching frictions; on the other hand, multiple platforms are still competing by independently setting their prices, which help to mitigate monopoly mark-up as in the monopoly market.
Organic light-emitting devices for illumination quality white light (2002)

A method of generating white light by combining a blue organic light-emitting diode with a down-conversion phosphor system is presented. It is demonstrated that the use of the down-conversion phosphor system actually leads to an overall power efficiency increase, an effect attributed to the high quantum efficiency of phosphor materials and the presence of light scattering in the phosphor layers. It is also shown that this approach permits the generation of illumination quality white light over the full range of color temperatures required for lighting applications. For the model device demonstrated in this work, an overall electrical to optical power conversion efficiency of 1.3% was achieved at a brightness of 1080 cd/m2.
Identification of Bioactive Phytochemicals in Leaf Protein Concentrate of Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) (2020)

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is widely known to have inulin-rich tubers. However, its fresh aerial biomass produces significant levels of leaf protein and economic bioactive phytochemicals. We have characterized leaf protein concentrate (JAPC) isolated from green biomass of three Jerusalem artichoke clones, Alba, Fuseau, and Kalevala, and its nutritional value for the human diet or animal feeding. The JAPC yield varied from 28.6 to 31.2 g DM kg<sup>-1</sup> green biomass with an average total protein content of 33.3% on a dry mass basis. The qualitative analysis of the phytochemical composition of JAPC was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-Orbitrap/mass spectrometry analysis (UHPLC-ESI-ORBITRAP-MS/MS). Fifty-three phytochemicals were successfully identified in JAPC. In addition to the phenolic acids (especially mono- and di-hydroxycinnamic acid esters of quinic acids) several medically important hydroxylated methoxyflavones, i.e., dimethoxy-tetrahydroxyflavone, dihydroxy-methoxyflavone, hymenoxin, and nevadensin, were detected in the JAPC for the first time. Liquiritigenin, an estrogenic-like flavanone, was measured in the JAPC as well as butein and kukulkanin B, as chalcones. The results also showed high contents of the essential amino acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs; 66-68%) in JAPC. Linolenic acid represented 39-43% of the total lipid content; moreover, the ratio between ω-6 and ω-3 fatty acids in the JAPC was ~0.6:1. Comparing the JA clones, no major differences in phytochemicals, fatty acid, or amino acid compositions were observed. This paper confirms the economic and nutritional value of JAPC as it is not only an alternative plant protein source but also as a good source of biological valuable phytochemicals.
Human Spermatozoa Penetration to Zona-Free Hamster Ova and the Volume of Sperm Cells (1986)

Thirty-five infertile men were divided into two groups: those with normal spermograms (15 cases) and those with oligospermia (20 cases). Each semen sample was examined by its penetration into zona-free hamster ova and by an improved Coulter counter apparatus for measuring the volume of spermatozoal head. Both groups were further divided into two subgroups: those with normal (above 15%) and those with abnormal penetration assay (0-10%). The relationship between sperm modal size and sperm cell penetration into hamster ova in both groups--the oligospermic and the normospermic--was calculated and was found to be nonsignificant (correlation index: -0.154). It appears that the inability of some human sperm cells to penetrate the zona-free hamster ova cannot be attributed to the spermatozoal size.
Control Synthesis for Permutation-Symmetric High-Dimensional Systems\n With Counting Constraints (2017)

General purpose correct-by-construction synthesis methods are limited to\nsystems with low dimensionality or simple specifications. In this work we\nconsider highly symmetrical counting problems and exploit the symmetry to\nsynthesize provably correct controllers for systems with tens of thousands of\nstates. The key ingredients of the solution are an aggregate abstraction\nprocedure for mildly heterogeneous systems and a formulation of counting\nconstraints as linear inequalities.\n
Influence of compression hosiery on physiological responses to standing fatigue in women (2000)

Wearing various types of graduated compression hose during the day as it relates to women in standing professions may minimize edema and muscle tissue disruption, thereby increasing comfort in the legs.
Predicting future traffic using Hidden Markov Models (2016)

Network traffic volume estimation and prediction is an important research topic that attracts persistent attention from the networking community and the machine learning community. Although there has been extensive work on estimating or predicting the traffic matrix using time series models, low rank matrix decomposition et. al, to the best of our knowledge, there is few work investigating the problem whether we are able to estimate and predict the traffic volume based on some statistics of the traffic which are much less costly to collect, for example, the flow counts. In this paper, we propose to model the relationship between the traffic volume and simple statistics about flows using a Hidden Markov Model based on which we can avoid direct measurement of the traffic volume but instead we estimate and predict the hidden traffic volume based on those simple flow statistics which are collected by some sketch techniques. We demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed method using some semi-simulation and real data experimental results.
Anastasis: Icon, text and theological vision (2006)

The fresco of the ‘Anastasis’ (1310-1320) in the monastery of the Holy Saviour in the Fields, Constantinople, is one of the supreme works of Christian theological art (fig. 1). This supreme work, executed on the cusp of the City’s doom, illustrates the enduring vitality of the Greek patristic vision, with a power that it still exercises today. It is the expression of centuries of theological thought and tradition. This paper will explore the theological foundations of this tradition through the historical developments of the Anastasis imagery and present a compositional exegesis of the various image types.
Characterization of low VAR bipolar transistors using a revised SPICE simulator (2003)

The approximation of the Gummel-Poon base width modulation term, q1, that is implemented in conventional versions of SPICE, is discussed. The impact of the approximation of the characterization of low VAR bipolar transistors is described. Comparisons of simulated to measured curves demonstrate the improved accuracy which results from using the unapproximated q1 term. Use of the unapproximated q1 term produces physically meaningful Early voltage parameters and improved simulation accuracy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Intelligent Winding Machine of Plastic Films for Preventing Both Wrinkles and Slippages (2016)

Flexible continuous plastic films are used to produce various products, including optical films and packaging materials, because plastic film is suited to use in mass production manufacturing processes. Generally, the web handling process is applied to convey the plastic film, which is ultimately rewound into a roll using a rewinder. In this case, wrinkles, slippage and other defects may occur if the rewinding conditions are inadequate. In this paper, the authors explain the development of a rewinder system that prevents wound roll defects—primarily starring and telescoping. The system is able to prevent such defects by optimizing the rewinding conditions of tension and nip-load. Based on the optimum design technique, the tension and nip-load are calculated using a 32-bit personal computer. Our experiments have also empirically shown that this rewinder system can prevent roll defects when applying optimized tension and nip-load. Additionally, inexperienced operators can control this system easily.
Rationale and Methods for Updated Guidelines for the Management of Penetrating Traumatic Brain Injury (2022)

Penetrating traumatic brain injury (pTBI) affects civilian and military populations resulting in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. No up-to-date and evidence-based guidelines exist to assist modern medical and surgical management of these complex injuries. A preliminary literature search revealed a need for updated guidelines, supported by the Brain Trauma Foundation. Methodologists experienced in TBI guidelines were recruited to support project development alongside two cochairs and a diverse steering committee. An expert multi-disciplinary workgroup was established and vetted to inform key clinical questions, to perform an evidence review and the development of recommendations relevant to pTBI. The methodological approach for the project was finalized. The development of up-to-date evidence- and consensus-based clinical care guidelines and algorithms for pTBI will provide critical guidance to care providers in the pre-hospital and emergent, medical, and surgical settings.
Growth Properties of Colonic Tumor Cells Are a Function of the Intrinsic Mitochondrial Membrane Potential (2006)

Development of malignant transformation in the colonic mucosa includes disruption in the equilibrium between proliferation and apoptosis, decreased expression and deletions of the mitochondrial genome, alterations in mitochondrial enzymatic activity, and elevations in the mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsim). Focusing on the role of the Deltapsim in tumor development and progression, we generated novel isogenic colonic carcinoma cell lines that exhibit highly significant, stable differences in their intrinsic Deltapsim. Using these cell lines, we have recently shown that the intrinsic Deltapsim has a significant influence on steady state mitochondrial activity and the extent to which cells enter butyrate-mediated growth arrest and apoptotic cascades. Here, we report that the Deltapsim is also profoundly linked to important tumorigenic properties of the cells. Compared with cells with lower Deltapsim, cells with elevated intrinsic Deltapsim have an enhanced capacity to (a) respond to hypoxia by avoiding apoptosis and initiating angiogenesis, (b) escape anoikis and grow under anchorage-independent conditions, and (c) invade the basement membrane. Combined with our previous work, these data implicate the intrinsic Deltapsim of colonic carcinoma cells in determining the probability of tumor expansion and progression.