gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brushless DC Motor Controller Optimization Using Simulated Annealing (2019)

The proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers are widely used in Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors. To accommodate the high performance requirement of the modern industry, optimization of the PI/PID parameters are broadly investigated, and several tuning methods have been proposed. This work illustrates a robust current and speed controllers design method for permanent magnet brushless dc motor (PMBLDCM) where a simulated annealing algorithm is employed to tune the parameters of a PI current controller and a PID speed controller. During the tuning process of controller parameters, three response performance parameters (overshoot, rise time, and settling time) are simultaneously optimized. The technique is compared to both Particle Swarm Optimization and Ziegler-Nichols tuning methods and experimental results show the superiority of the proposed approach.
A tick based methodology for rapid predictive circuit modeling (2003)

The trend toward device miniaturization makes it necessary to scan a wide range of supply and threshold voltages and different types of FETs, so that optimal performance is obtained. Such a scan is best done by physically based models, so that predictive circuit modeling can be done to project and optimize circuit performance well into the next decade. Circuit simulators like HSPICE cannot be used for predictive modeling and thus a methodology is needed to use existing FET physical models to predict circuit performance. Such a methodology is proposed in this paper and verified against HSPICE. The proposed method works for a wide range of supply voltages, for a variety of FETs and avoids any numerical integration.
Synthesis and Characterization of Two Potential Energetic Azido Esters (2006)

Abstract Two new energetic azido esters named 1,3‐bis(azidoacetoxy)‐2‐azidoacetoxymethyl‐2‐ethylpropane ( I ) and 1,3‐bis(azidoacetoxy)‐2,2‐bis(azidomethyl)propane ( II ), have been synthesized and characterized by IR, NMR and Elemental Analysis. Thermal studies revealed that azido esters I and II are stable up to 180 °C and their glass transition temperatures are −47 °C and −52 °C, respectively.
Derivation of Fuzzy Diagnosis Rules for Multifunctional Fuel Cell Systems (2014)

This paper presents a model-based approach for the derivation of fuzzy diagnosis rules. These are used to classify data of faulty system behavior in order to identify root causes. The data is gained from an extended simulation model of a multifunctional fuel cell system for aircraft use. Faulty behavior is implemented into each component and a bottom up simulation is carried out. The data gained is classified according to root causes. This means that each data vector is assigned to a class representing one type of simulated fault. The classified data is then fed into an evolutionary optimization procedure. There it is weighted and separated into training and validation data. Inside the optimization procedure, the structure of the fuzzy diagnosis rule is represented by a chromosome that has a discrete and a real valued part. The discrete part describes the selection of a signal and the real valued part states parameters of the membership function for each signal. Based on training data, a genetic algorithm optimizes both parts and a set of optimal binary and real valued parameters is gained. By that, one fuzzy diagnosis rule at a time is identified that bestfits a set of fitness functions. On basis of this rule, weights of the training data are updated afterwards. This is done in order to guide the genetic algorithm in the next run to data vectors that are not covered effectively yet. Each run of the algorithm gives a new fuzzy diagnosis rule. The performance of the set of all rules that are gained so far is evaluated by use of validation data. Subsequently, a new run is started. This process continues until a stop criterion is reached. A set of optimal fuzzy diagnosis rules is gained in the end.
Comparison of Volatile Compounds in Two Brandies Using HS-SPME Coupled with GC-O, GC-MS and Sensory Evaluation (2016)

The aim of this study was to compare the volatile compounds between Changyu XO and Hennessy XO. Sensoryevaluation was performed by a panel of tasters. Qualitative and semi-quantitative analysis was achieved byheadspace solid phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME), coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS)and gas chromatography-olfactometry (GC-O). A total of 160 volatile compounds were identified in the twobrands of brandy. Of these, 118 compounds were common to both Changyu XO and Hennessy XO; 18 compoundswere specific to Changyu XO and 24 were specific to Hennessy XO. A total of 85 aroma compounds responsiblefor brandy flavour were identified by GC-O, of which 68 were common to both brands, while seven and tenwere specific to Changyu XO and Hennessy XO, respectively. The study provided detailed information aboutthe compounds responsible for the characteristic flavour of specific brandies. According to statistical analysis,significant differences were recorded between Changyu XO and Hennessy XO. Most volatile compounds inChangyu XO occurred at lower concentrations than those in Hennessy XO. Based on sensory evaluation analysis,the floral, alcohol and rancid aroma descriptors achieved higher scores in Changyu XO and Hennessy XO, whilethe lime aroma seemed specific to Hennessy XO. Herb and almond aromas were specific to Changyu XO.
Photocatalytic TiO2 nanosheets-SiO2 coatings on concrete and limestone: An enhancement of de-polluting and self-cleaning properties by nanoparticle design (2022)

In this study, we develop TiO2-SiO2 nanocomposites that can be employed as photoactive coatings to create surfaces with antipollution and self-cleaning properties in urban buildings. In particular, anatase titanium dioxide with a high percentage of {0 0 1} facets, commonly called titania nanosheet (TNS), was used as active phase. This approach allows us to improve the antipollution properties of similar sols based on P25. The obtained TNS were intensively characterized by UV–Vis diffuse reflectance absorption, X-Ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy to rationalize the sol synthesis and fully understand the photocatalytic performances. Our results clearly show that after treating the titania nanosheets with NaOH to remove adsorbed residual fluoride from the synthesis, they can be easily dispersed and the photocatalytic activity is dramatically improved. This material has been shown to effectively reduce concentrations of NOx, soot and organic dyes under simulated sun light radiation.
A hybridized local and charge transfer excited state for solution-processed non-doped green electroluminescence based on oligo(p-phenyleneethynylene) (2020)

A novel oligo(<italic>p</italic>-phenyleneethynylene)-based hot-exciton molecule with hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) excited states was developed to yield high radiative exciton yields in OLEDs.
A comparative analysis of chromatin accessibility in cattle, pig, and mouse tissues (2020)

The lack of conserved accessibility at distal elements is consistent with rapid evolution of enhancers, and further emphasizes the need to annotate regulatory elements in individual species, rather than inferring elements based on homology. This atlas of chromatin accessibility in cattle and pig constitutes a substantial step towards annotating livestock genomes and dissecting the regulatory link between genome and phenome.
Efficient Block replication to optimize the blockchain resources (2019)

Blockchain is a great tool that provides a scalable data ledger ensuring integrity of the registered data. The validation of the blocks integrated in the blockchain can be fully distributed using a voting mechanism. This article proposes to use the blockchain as a distributed database to store information in different nodes of an ad hoc network. The main issue resides in the volume of resources needed to validate and store the blocks. We propose a distributed blockchain with k resiliency, instead of a full replication, over the nodes to reduce the overall used memory and bandwidth while providing robustness through data duplication.
Patellofemoral Evaluation After Total Knee Arthroplasty (2007)

Background: Radiographic assessment of the patella after total knee arthroplasty is typically performed with use of static, unloaded views that may not reproduce the in vivo patellofemoral kinematics. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and validate the reliability and reproducibility of a weight-bearing radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint in patients who have undergone total knee arthroplasty. Methods: Radiographs were made for 100 knees in sixty-nine patients who had undergone total knee arthroplasty. Radiographic assessment of the patellofemoral joint was performed with use of both the standard Merchant axial view and a modification of that view. The Merchant axial view was modified by positioning the standing patient in the semi-squatted position with the knees in 45° of flexion. The relationship between the x-ray source, the angle of incidence on the joint, and the cassette position was kept unchanged from the original view. The standing position and consequent muscle involvement were the only differences. Results: Compared with the standard Merchant axial view, the weight-bearing axial view showed a number of patellofemoral tracking changes. Specifically, lateral tilt and subluxation of the patella were significantly reduced; the rate of exposed, uncovered patellar bone contact with the femoral trochlea was significantly increased; and radiographic evidence of maltracking was more closely correlated with clinical symptoms. Conclusions: An axial weight-bearing radiographic view with the patient in the semi-squatting position was developed to reproduce patellofemoral joint loading. This view demonstrates that the position of the patella, as seen on the standard unloaded Merchant view, changes during squatting. Utilization of this axial weight-bearing view to evaluate total knee arthroplasty may provide additional information over standard radiographic views. Level of Evidence: Prognostic Level I. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Dynamic transcriptional response of Escherichia coli to inclusion body formation (2013)

Escherichia coli is used intensively for recombinant protein production, but one key challenge with recombinant E. coli is the tendency of recombinant proteins to misfold and aggregate into insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs). IBs contain high concentrations of inactive recombinant protein that require recovery steps to salvage a functional recombinant protein. Currently, no universally effective method exists to prevent IB formation in recombinant E. coli. In this study, DNA microarrays were used to compare the E. coli gene expression response dynamics to soluble and insoluble recombinant protein production. As expected and previously reported, the classical heat-shock genes had increased expression due to IB formation, including protein folding chaperones and proteases. Gene expression levels for protein synthesis-related and energy-synthesis pathways were also increased. Many transmembrane transporter and corresponding catabolic pathways genes had decreased expression for substrates not present in the culture medium. Additionally, putative genes represented over one-third of the genes identified to have significant expression changes due to IB formation, indicating many important cellular responses to IB formation still need to be characterized. Interestingly, cells grown in 3% ethanol had significantly reduced gene expression responses due to IB formation. Taken together, these results indicate that IB formation is complex, stimulates the heat-shock response, increases protein and energy synthesis needs, and streamlines transport and catabolic processes, while ethanol diminished all of these responses.
Orthogonal Cysteine Protection Enables Homogeneous Multi‐Drug Antibody–Drug Conjugates (2016)

Abstract A strategy for the preparation of homogeneous antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) containing multiple payloads has been developed. This approach utilizes sequential unmasking of cysteine residues with orthogonal protection to enable site‐specific conjugation of each drug. In addition, because the approach utilizes conjugation to native antibody cysteine residues, it is widely applicable and enables high drug loading for improved ADC potency. To highlight the benefits of ADC dual drug delivery, this strategy was applied to the preparation of ADCs containing two classes of auristatin drug‐linkers that have differing physiochemical properties and exert complementary anti‐cancer activities. Dual‐auristatin ADCs imparted activity in cell line and xenograft models that are refractory to ADCs comprised of the individual auristatin components. This work presents a facile method for construction of potent dual‐drug ADCs and demonstrates how delivery of multiple cytotoxic warheads can lead to improved ADC activities. Lastly, we anticipate that the conditions utilized herein for orthogonal cysteine unmasking are not restricted to ADCs and can be broadly utilized for site‐specific protein modification.
EXTERNAL AUDIT IN COMPUTERIZED ENVIRONMENTS: PROCEDURES,COMPLEXITIES AND RISKS (2008)

The present research aimed to analyze if the procedures
					for the external audit covering the complexities of computerized
					environments and effectively minimize the risks at the work. The
					study was characterized by a explanatory research and employed on
					the technical design study of the case. The study was conducted in
					a company that provides audit services located in Cascavel City in
					Parana State of Brazil, the questionnaire being used to collect
					information. The study checked that the risks and complexities are
					found in the conduct of the work from the auditor. Finally, it was
					found that the procedures for the audit did not cover in full the
					complexities for auditing in computerized environments. In general,
					deal with the forms and standards commonly used in the audit and
					refer to only some ways of security and record data.
Using frequency-domain features for the generalization of EEG error-related potentials among different tasks (2013)

EEG brain-computer interfaces (BCI) require a calibration phase prior to the on-line control of the device, which is a difficulty for the practical development of this technology as it is user-, session- and task-specific. The large body of research in BCIs based on event-related potentials (ERP) use temporal features, which have demonstrated to be stable for each user along time, but do not generalize well among tasks different from the calibration task. This paper explores the use of low frequency features to improve the generalization capabilities of the BCIs using error-potentials. The results show that there exists a stable pattern in the frequency domain that allows a classifier to generalize among the tasks. Furthermore, the study also shows that it is possible to combine temporal and frequency features to obtain the best of both domains.
The arginine paradox. (2002)

L-Arginine has attracted major interest because it has been identified as the natural substrate of nitric oxide synthase and is now recognized as a major player in the regulation of biological function. The arginine paradox refers to the phenomenon that exogenous L-arginine causes NO-mediated biological effects despite the fact that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are theoretically saturated with the substrate L-arginine. There have been several explanations for this phenomenon, although none of them can explain the arginine paradox fully: (1) L-arginine-induced insulin, which has vasodilatory actions. (2) Neither extracellular nor intracellular concentration determines the NOS activity but rather the L-arginine amount transported across the plasma membrane may do so. (3) Endogenous NOS inhibitors reduce the enzyme sensitivity to L-arginine. These inhibitors include, NG, NG-dimethyl-L-arginine, L-citrulline, argininosuccinic acid and agmatine. (4) Intracellular L-citrulline, an NOS product, is a potent inhibitor of NOS so that the cells may need extra L-arginine to compete with L-citrulline inhibition.
Predicting Adhesive Bond Performance Based on Initial Dielectric Properties (2017)

In recent years, there has been a widespread growth in the application of composite materials particularly in the Aerospace and Automotive sectors. This is because composite structures are generally comparatively light in weight and provide corrosion and wear resistance as compared to metals or ceramics. Due to the strict failsafe philosophy of the aerospace industry, the certification approach for current practice in joining composite materials is to thicken the joining areas and to use numerous fasteners which in turn increases the weight and stress concentrations in the structure. The use of adhesive bonding can improve the stress distribution between the composite materials / dissimilar materials and can contribute to a lighter structure. However, there much investigation is yet to be done in this discipline to predict the bond strength and performance using non-destructive evaluation methods. This paper will focus on an approach to study the mechanical as well as the dielectric properties of an adhesive bond. The dielectric testing is done by using Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BbDS), wherein the dielectric characteristics of the material are analyzed in a wide frequency spectrum. The data obtained by this technique are used to demonstrate the charge transport, the combined dipolar fluctuation, and the effects of polarization occurring between the boundaries of materials. The continuous modifications of the dielectric spectra are due to the changes in the electrical and structural interactions between the particles, shapes, and orientations of the constituent phases of the morphological structure of the material system. Information about the morphologies, impurities/contamination or interaction of the dissimilar surfaces of the pristine bond can be obtained from the initial BbDS properties. The dielectric properties for adhesively bonded composites with different surface adhesion properties have shown promising evidence of predicting the final mechanical performance of the bonded material system. The success and limitations of this approach will be discussed, and needs for continued investigation identified
Fate of Diradicals in the Caldera:  Stereochemistry of Thermal Stereomutation and Ring Enlargement in cis- and trans-1-Cyano-2(E)-propenylcyclopropanes (2004)

This study of thermally induced stereomutation and ring enlargement in both (-)-trans-1-cyano-2(E)-propenylcyclopropane [(-)-trans-1] and (+)-cis-1-cyano-2(E)-propenylcyclopropane [(+)-cis-1] to cyclopentenes definitively contraindicates the usefulness of Woodward-Hoffmann rules of orbital symmetry as a theoretical basis for predicting the stereochemistry of the products. From both diastereomers, the same (+)-trans-4-cyano-3-methylcyclopentene [(+)-trans-2] is the major product among the four diastereomeric products, "allowed" and formally the result of a single internal rotation of the cyano-bearing carbon atom from (-)-trans-1, "forbidden" and the result of zero internal rotations from (+)-cis-1. Stereomutation and ring enlargement are discussed in detail in terms of rotational propensity, thermodynamic preference, and the possible role of diradicals in transit and diradicals as intermediates in a caldera.
Identifying a newly discovered HLA‐C allele: HLA‐C*07:607 (2018)

Phased sequencing identified the HLA-C*07:607 allele in an African-American patient and sibling donor.
Surface Tension Driven Flow in a Low Molecular Weight Photopolymer (2015)

Low molecular weight photopolymers are candidate materials for resists in Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography. The patterned chemical transformations used in photolithography generate a surface energy pattern that can induce flow in low molecular weight photopolymers via the Marangoni effect, due to their intrinsically higher translational mobility relative to larger polymers. To demonstrate this outcome, a low molecular weight photopolymer bearing acid-labile protecting groups was co-cast with a photo-acid generator and exposed through a contact mask. During a post-exposure bake above the film’s glass transition temperature, unexposed polymer flowed into deprotected regions since the deprotected polymers possess relatively higher surface tension compared to the unreacted polymers. After cooling, the film exhibited thickness variations of up to 90 nm, and the topographic profile reflected the mask pattern. An appreciation of this transport mechanism could be useful to those integrating low molecular weight photopolymers into lithographic process flows.
Iron(II) complexes of hexaphenyl(1,2,5-thia/selenadiazolo)-porphyrazine: the direct replacement of Se by S in the 1,2,5-selenadiazole ring (2007)

Iron(II) complexes of hexaphenyl(1,2,5-thia/selenadiazolo)porphyrazines have been prepared as bis(pyridine) adducts [Py2Fe(XN2)PAPh6] (X = S, Se) from the corresponding MgII complexes obtained by template co-cyclotetramerization of diphenylfumarodinitrile with 1,2,5-thia/selenadiazolo-3,4-dicarbonitriles, and the unusual direct replacement of Se by S in the reaction of [Py2Fe(SeN2)PAPh6] with H2S has been observed.
Protective Effects of Passively Transferred Immune T - or B-Lymphocytes in Mice Infected with Salmonella typhimuriunl (1977)

Purified populations of bone marrow-derived (B-) lymphocytes and thymus-derived (T-) lymphocytes were obtained from C3D2F1 hybrid mice shown to be immune to Salmonella typhimurium. These subpopulations of lymphocytes were injected into normal mice; four days later the animals were challenged with 50 50% lethal doses of S. typhimurium, and viable bacteria in livers, spleens, and blood were counted at various intervals after challenge. On day 8 after challenge, the mice supplemented with B-lymphocytes showed a significant decrease in the number of organisms recovered from all three sites, compared with that seen in recipients of T-lymphocytes and in controls. The mice given B-lymphocytes showed a better rate of survival (65%) than mice that received only T-lymphocytes (21%) or T-lymphocyte fractions contaminated 10%-30% with B-lymphocytes (49%). These data indicate that, although the humoral response is not totally protective, it does play an important role in the suppression of the infection during its early stages.
Analysis of truncated variants of the iron dependent transcriptional regulators fromCorynebacterium diphtheriaeandMycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

Iron dependent regulatory proteins of the diphtheria toxin repressor family regulate transcription in a variety of bacterial species. These regulators have three domains. Domains 1 and 2 are required for DNA- and metal-binding while the role of the third domain is only partially defined. We compared full-length and carboxyl-terminally truncated variants of Corynebacterium diphtheriae DtxR and Mycobacterium tuberculosis IdeR for recognition by antibodies, DNA binding, and repressor activity. The third domain of DtxR contains immunodominant epitopes and is required for full repressor activity in an Escherichia coli reporter system, but it is not required for binding to DNA in vitro. In contrast, the third domain of IdeR is required both for full DNA binding activity in vitro and for repressor activity in vivo. DtxR and IdeR differ significantly in their requirements for domain 3 for DNA-binding and repressor activity.