gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal UAV Route Planning for Coverage Search of Stationary Target in River (2017)

In this brief, we focus on the offline route planning of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) for the coverage search mission in a river region. Given the prior likelihood distribution of area importance, this brief aims to generate UAV feasible routes which maximize the cumulative probability of finding a single and stationary target within the required time. First, Gaussian mixture model is used to approximate the prior likelihood distribution, and several river segments with high detection probability corresponding to Gaussian components can be extracted. With the consideration of quantified factors, the river subregions are prioritized by the approximation insertion method and then allocated to UAVs. Moreover, to meet the terminal time constraint, the so-called positive/negative greedy method is proposed to expand or contract waypoints. Finally, the performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated by simulations on a real river map, and the results verify its good performance in various scenarios.
Developmental Aspects of NMDA Receptor Function (1998)

Glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in mammalian synapses. It binds to three classes of predominantly postsynaptic ionotropic receptors to activate receptor-associated channels, and a class of metabotropic receptors to activate G-protein mediated transduction pathways. The N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NR) is distinctive in being both ligand and voltage-gated, and selectively permeable to Ca2+. As a consequence, NR-mediated alterations in intracellular Ca2+ levels regulate a variety of signaling pathways, ranging from localized, acute effects on receptor and channel activities to long-term effects on nuclear gene transcription. Regulated expression, assembly, and modulation of distinct heteromeric NR complexes comprised of different subunit combinations contributes to this functional diversity. NRs have been implicated in several developmental processes, and evidence supporting their role in migration, survival, and synaptic maturation is discussed.
Dialoge (2013)

No AccessExcel programmierenDec 2013DialogeMichael Kofler, Ralf NebeloMichael Kofler, Ralf Nebelohttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446439122.007SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2013Pages: 333-392Print ISBN: 978-3-446-43866-8eISBN: 978-3-446-43912-2 Copyright & Permissions© 2014 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF DownloadLoading ...
Electrode Effects on Dielectric Relaxation in Oxide-Ion Conductor Ce0.7Yb0.3O2-δHaving a Fluorite-Type Structure (2011)

The frequency dependences of the dielectric constant (εr') for the oxide-ion conductor Ce0.7Yb0.3O2-δ with two types of electrode, Pt and La0.6Sr0.4FeO3-δ (LSF), were successfully explained by the superposition of polarizations due to charging currents and Debye-type dipoles of the dopant–vacancy associates, [YbCe'–VO••]• and [YbCe'–VO••–YbCe']×. The magnitudes of polarizations of the associates were very large for the sample with the Pt electrode, but were smaller by one or two orders of magnitude for the sample with the LSF electrode. The bulk and grain-boundary resistivities in the impedance spectra of Ce0.7Yb0.3O2-δ, which ought to be invariable regardless of the type of electrode used, showed a large difference between the samples with Pt and LSF electrodes. As a result, the impedance spectra were also explained by the Debye-type dipoles of the dopant–vacancy associates.
Observation of the giant magneto-Seebeck effect in a metastable Co50Fe50/Cu multilayer (2022)

We report the observation of the giant magneto-Seebeck (GMS) effect in an epitaxially grown Co50Fe50/Cu multilayer film with metastable bcc Cu spacers under an in-plane temperature gradient. The magnetization-dependent switching ratio of the Seebeck coefficient, GMS ratio, and switching ratio of the thermoelectric power factor reach approximately −50% and 280% at room temperature, respectively, which are higher than those previously reported in magnetic multilayers with the current-in-plane geometry. By measuring the temperature dependence of both GMS and giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effects, we found that the GMS ratio remains high at high temperatures, while the GMR ratio quickly decreases with increasing temperature, where the spin-dependent electron scattering dominantly affects the large GMS effect in the Co50Fe50/Cu multilayer.
Metal-semiconductor-metal heterojunction diodes consisting of a thin layer of crystal silicon (2013)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Rozana Hussin, Yixuan Chen, Yi Luo; Metal-semiconductor-metal heterojunction diodes consisting of a thin layer of crystal silicon. Appl. Phys. Lett. 4 March 2013; 102 (9): 093507. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4794421 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
ChemInform Abstract: Fudecalone, a New Anticoccidial Agent Produced by Penicillium sp. FO‐ 2030. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Applications of Magnetic Resonance in Catalytic Research (1983)

The early development of the use of magnetic resonance methods in catalyst research is surveyed. Various magnetic resonance parameters that may be utilized are introduced and the types of information that may he obtained by their measurement are described in relation to contributions by early workers in the field. Some comments on the limitations of NMR and EPR methods as veil as indications of prospects for future progress are given, along with a brief mention of recent advances in the applications of specialized techniques of NMR. References are provided for a number of extensive and detailed review papers.
Hyper hemispheric lens (2016)

Very wide angle lenses have a field of view greater than one hundred degrees. The paradigm of ultra wide angle lens is widely recognized as the fisheye, which is characterized by a field of view covering a hemispherical field. Recently, due to the availability of low-cost digital sensors, panoramic omnidirectional lenses are also becoming popular. These lenses permit us to capture a panoramic field, i.e. with many tens of degrees above and below the horizon, at the cost of obscuring a region close to the optical axis. We describe here a very wide angle lens which merges the fisheye and the omnidirectional lenses capabilities. The total field of view of the hyper hemispheric lens results in 360 degrees in azimuth angle and up to 270 degrees in zenithal angle, then much more than a hemisphere: we call it "hyper hemispheric lens".
Interplay of Corrosion and Photocatalysis During Nonaqueous Benzylamine Oxidation on Cadmium Sulfide (2017)

The photo(electro)chemical properties of bulk, nanowire, and chemical bath deposits of cadmium sulfide (CdS) for benzylamine oxidation to N-benzylidenebenzylamine (N-BB) in acetonitrile have been evaluated as a model for the activity and stability of CdS toward selective organic oxidations. CdS photocatalysts selectively deliver N-BB at rates ranging from 5 to 26 mM h–1. Although CdS is a capable photocatalyst, SEM imaging and XPS analysis reveal significant morphological and compositional changes to the particles upon photolysis in benzylamine. These surface changes and surface sulfide oxidation are accompanied by Cd2+ leaching and hydrogen sulfide evolution, highlighting both redox and acid–base pathways of nonaqueous CdS corrosion. All facets of corrosion have been linked directly with amine reactivity, as the CdS particles are unaffected by substrate-free photolysis. A series of experiments using N,N-dimethylbenzylamine, 4-N,N-trimethylaniline, and ferrocene show that nonaqueous CdS corrosion is facilitated by acidic reaction intermediates opposed to photogenerated holes. Additionally, water and oxygen are essential components to corrosion, as photoelectrochemistry under dry/air-free conditions displays higher and stable photocurrent density as well as material stability. Finally, CdS nanowires display improved corrosion resistance, suggesting that control of particle morphology and/or electronic structure is essential for developing novel chalcogenide photocatalysts.
Profiling sulfate content of polysaccharides in seaweed species using a ligand-assisted <sup>1</sup>H-NMR assay (2021)

This study aimed to use an existing ligand (imidazole)-assisted 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy protocol to determine sulfate content of seaweed sulfated saccharides. Twenty seaweed samples – spanning nine species and multiple geographic locations – were analyzed. Extracts were obtained by immersing freeze-dried seaweeds in boiling water, followed by alginate precipitation. Remaining supernatants contained natural crude polysaccharide (CP) fraction, including sulfated polysaccharides. To eliminate free CP carboxy groups that can interfere with the complex formation of imidazole with CP sulfate groups, the carboxy groups were chemically reduced to hydroxymethyl groups prior to 1H-NMR spectroscopy. Resultant sulfate content estimates were comparable to those obtained via a conventional barium-rhodizonate assay. Findings indicate that the imidazole-assisted 1H-NMR spectroscopy is an appropriate method for estimation of seaweed CP sulfate content.
Detection of osmoprotective effect of topical compatible solutes on ocular surface epithelia (2009)

Abstract Purpose Inflamation and hyperosmolarity play an important role in generating dry‐eye related damage on the ocular surface. A new approach is the use of topical compatible solutes (CS) to induce osmoprotective effect on ocular surface epithelia. Aim of this study was to evaluate the osmoprotective action of topical CS on ocular surface in dry‐eye patients. Methods We evaluated 48 eyes of 24 dry‐eye patients, current users of artificial tears. At baseline they underwent impression cytology (IC) and immunoflurescence staining to detect expression of inflammatory cytokines linked with hyperosmolarity in ocular surface epithelia. In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) of corneal and conjunctival surface was performed and epithelial morphology and inflammatory cells infiltration were evaluated. Patients started topical treatment with methilcellulose and CS in one randomly selected eye, while the fellow eye continued previous eye drops.IC and IVCM were performed after 30,60 and 90 days. Results At baseline IVCM and IC results were comparable in both eyes . At 90 days IVCM showed a significant improvement in epithelial regularity in treated eyes while in control group no significant changes were observed.IC evidenced a significant reduction of inflammatory cytokines between baseline time and day 60, stable till the end of follow‐up, while in control group no significant changes were observed. Conclusion The use of topical CS can improve epithelial regularity and reduce ocular surface inflammation in dry‐eye syndrome.
Simple Methods to Estimate Inherent and Stress-Induced Anisotropy of Aggregate Base (2005)

Simple methods to estimate cross-anisotropic properties of unbound aggregate assemblies on the basis of aggregate physical properties are presented. A regression model for the cross-anisotropic material properties was developed from a database consisting of aggregates from six sources. Aggregate specimens from each source were tested with the use of different gradations and compaction moisture contents. The results demonstrate that aggregate shape and gradation influence the level of anisotropy, which has a substantial effect on the pavement responses that affect pavement design. The level of anisotropy, defined as the ratio of the horizontal modulus to the vertical modulus, was calculated from the regression model and compared with the results from a micromechanics model. This micromechanics model accounted for the effect of particle orientation and the ratio of the normal contact stiffness to shear contact stiffness among particles on inherent anisotropy. Horizontal-to-vertical modulus ratios ranging fr...
Combustion‐thermal‐sprayed recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2004)

Abstract Thermal‐sprayed polymer coatings have been used as protection against corrosion and wear. In this study, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) powder, which was obtained from postconsumer beverage bottles, was deposited on 1020 steel by low‐velocity flame‐spray technology. The chemical and structural changes in PET due to the thermal‐spray processing were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Changes in tribological behavior were examined by pin‐on‐disk testing and three‐dimensional profilometry. The results show that coatings had the same functional groups as the PET beverage bottles. However, the degree of crystallinity was modified. These changes were rationalized in terms of possible structural modifications of the PET polymer. The study showed evidence that the pin‐on‐disk wear developed by an abrasion process through a ploughing mechanism, although a fatigue mechanism could not be disregarded. A low friction coefficient between PET and steel was confirmed. In the as‐sprayed condition, the PET coatings showed higher friction, likely because of a higher coarse debris production rate during the pin‐on‐disk testing. Heat treating the as‐sprayed coating to increase the amorphous PET content improved the sliding behavior by increasing wear resistance. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 3159–3166, 2004
Proposing magnetoimpedance effect for neuromorphic computing (2023)

Oscillation of physical parameters in materials can result in a peak signal in the frequency spectrum of the voltage measured from the materials. This spectrum and its amplitude/frequency tunability, through the application of bias voltage or current, can be used to perform neuron-like cognitive tasks. Magnetic materials, after achieving broad distribution for data storage applications in classical Von Neumann computer architectures, are under intense investigation for their neuromorphic computing capabilities. A recent successful demonstration regards magnetisation oscillation in magnetic thin films by spin transfer or spin orbit torques accompanied by magnetoresistance (MR) effect that can give a voltage peak in the frequency spectrum of voltage with bias current dependence of both peak frequency and amplitude. Here we use classical magnetoimpedance (MI) effect in a magnetic wire to produce such a peak and manipulate its frequency and amplitude by means of the bias voltage. We applied a noise signal to a magnetic wire with high magnetic permeability and owing to the frequency dependence of the magnetic permeability we got frequency dependent impedance with a peak at the maximum permeability. Frequency dependence of the MI effect results in different changes in the voltage amplitude at each frequency when a bias voltage is applied and therefore a shift in the peak position and amplitude can be obtained. The presented method and material provide optimal features in structural simplicity, low-frequency operation (tens of MHz-order) and high robustness at different environmental conditions. Our universal approach can be applied to any system with frequency dependent bias responses.
A general approach for identifying and cloning peptide synthetase genes. (1995)

A wide variety of bioactive peptides are synthesized nonribosomally by large multienzyme complexes employing the thiotemplate mechanism. Based on the known and highly conserved structures of several genes encoding multifunctional peptide synthetases, we developed a universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach for amplifying, cloning and identifying parts of putative peptide synthetase genes. We showed, by cloning fragments of peptide synthetase genes from the phaseolotoxin-producing strain Pseudomonas syringe pv. phaseolica and from Bacillus licheniformis, which produces the branched peptide antibiotic bacitracin, that this approach is applicable. It gives a new and potentially general access to the biosynthetic genes of many nonribosomally synthesized peptides.
Stable divalent germanium, tin and lead amino(ether)-phenolate monomeric complexes: structural features, inclusion heterobimetallic complexes, and ROP catalysis (2013)

Stable germanium(II) and lead(II) amido complexes {LO(i)}M(N(SiMe3)2) (M = Ge(II), Pb(II)) bearing amino(ether)phenolate ligands are readily available using the proteo-ligands {LO(i)}H of general formula 2-CH2NR2-4,6-tBu2-C6H2OH (i = 1, NR2 = N((CH2)2OCH3)2; i = 2, NR2 = NEt2; i = 3, NR2 = aza-15-crown-5) and M(N(SiMe3)2)2 precursors. The molecular structures of these germylenes and plumbylenes, as well as those of {LO(3)}GeCl, {LO(3)}SnCl and of the congeneric {LO(4)}Sn(II)(N(SiMe3)2) where NR2 = aza-12-crown-4, have been determined crystallographically. All complexes are monomeric, with 3-coordinate metal centres. The phenolate systematically acts as a N^O(phenolate) bidentate ligand, with no interactions between the metal and the O(side-arm) atoms in these cases (for {LO(1)}(-), {LO(3)}(-) and {LO(4)}(-)) where they could potentially arise. For each family, the lone pair of electrons essentially features ns(2) character, and there is little, if any, hybridization of the valence orbitals. Heterobimetallic complexes {LO(3)}M(N(SiMe3)2)·LiOTf, where the Li(+) cation sits inside the tethered crown-ether, were prepared by reaction of {LO(3)}M(N(SiMe3)2) and LiOTf (M = Ge(II), Sn(II)). The inclusion of Li(+) (featuring a close contact with the triflate anion) in the macrocycle bears no influence on the coordination sphere of the divalent tetrel element. In association with iPrOH, the amido germylenes, stannylenes and plumbylenes catalyse the controlled polymerisation of L- and racemic lactide. The activity increases linearly according to Ge(II) ≪ Sn(II) ≪ Pb(II). The simple germylenes generate very sluggish catalysts, but the activity is significantly boosted if the heterobimetallic complex {LO(3)}Ge(N(SiMe3)2)·LiOTf is used instead. On the other hand, with 10-25 equiv. of iPrOH, the plumbylenes afford highly active binary catalysts, converting 1000 or 5000 equiv. of monomer at 60 °C within 3 or 45 min, respectively, in a controlled fashion.
Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System Versus Endometrial Ablation for Heavy Menstrual Bleeding (2021)

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021;224(2):187.e1–187.e10) Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) can negatively influence physical activity, work productivity, and sexual life and therefore has a major impact on women's quality of life (QoL). The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guidelines recommend the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) as the treatment of first choice for HMB.
An episode of extremely high PM concentrations over Central Europe caused by dust emitted over the southern Ukraine (2007)

Abstract. On 24 March 2007, the atmosphere over Central Europe was affected by an episode of exceptionally high mass concentrations of aerosol particles, most likely caused by a dust storm in the Southern Ukraine on the preceding day. At ground-based measurement stations in Slovakia, the Czech Republic, Poland and Germany PM10 mass concentrations rose to values between 200 and 1400 μg m−3. An evaluation of PM10 measurements from 360 monitoring stations showed that the dust cloud advanced along a narrow corridor at speeds of up to 70 km h−1. According to lidar observations over Leipzig, Germany, the high aerosol concentrations were confined to a homogeneous boundary layer of 1800 m height. The wavelength dependence of light extinction using both lidar and sun photometer measurements suggested the dominance of coarse particles during the main event. At a wavelength of 532 nm, relatively high volume extinction coefficients (300–400 Mm−1) and a particle optical depth of 0.65 was observed. In-situ measurements with an aerodynamic particle sizer at Melpitz, Germany, confirmed the presence of a coarse particle mode with a mode diameter &gt;2 μm, whose maximum concentration coincided with that of PM10. A chemical particle analysis confirmed the dominance of non-volatile and insoluble matter in the coarse mode as well as high enrichments of Ti and Fe, which are characteristic of soil dust. A combination of back trajectory calculations and satellite images allowed to identify the dust source with confidence: On 23 March 2007, large amounts of dust were emitted from dried-out farmlands in the southern Ukraine, facilitated by wind gusts up to 100 km h−1. The unusual vertical stability and confined height of this dust layer as well as the rapid transport under dry conditions led to the conservation of high aerosol mass concentrations along the transect and thus to the extraordinary high aerosol concentrations over Central Europe. Our observations demonstrate the capacity of a combined apparatus of in situ and remote sensing measurements to characterise such a dust with a variety of aerosol parameters. As a conclusion, the description of dust emission, transport and transformation processes needs to be improved, especially when facing the possible effects of further anthropogenic desertification and climate change.
Multiphonon ionization of traps formed in hafnium oxide by electrical stress (2012)

Abstract We have investigated behavior of traps formed in hafnium oxide (HfO 2 ) by electrical stress and their influence on the charge carrier transport through Si/SiO 2 /HfO 2 /poly‐Si nanostructures. The traps govern the transport process assuming a capture of charge carriers followed by their ionization via the multiphonon transition mechanism. The multiphonon transitions via the Poole–Frenkel effect or electron tunneling as well as the multiphonon tunneling ionization of neutral traps have been carefully considered for charged traps. We also provide a set of parameters including the trap concentration, ionization energy, the frequency factor, the effective mass of charge carriers, optical energy, and phonon energy in order to reproduce and reasonably fit available experimental data.
Epidemiology of Acne Vulgaris in 18-Year-Old Male Army Conscripts in a South Brazilian City (2017)

Our results suggest that future studies should explore determinants of noninflammatory and inflammatory acne separately, especially if mixed populations are studied.