gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral imaging via labeled excitation light and background-free absorption spectroscopy (2015)

We introduce a new method of hyperspectral imaging which encodes a varying temporal intensity modulation onto the excitation (or illumination) power spectrum. Functionally, we have moved the spectrometer from the back end of an experiment to the front, where intensity modulations uniquely label wavelengths within the excitation power spectrum at different frequencies, thereby creating a temporal light label which we can identify after subsequent light–matter interactions. To demonstrate this method, we acquire two-dimensional micrographs of background-free absorption spectra by capturing the intensity modulations transferred from the excitation spectrum into the emitted fluorescent intensity. Both the temporal light labeling method and the demonstrated excitation-labeled fluorescence application are readily adaptable to hyperspectral acquisition rates far beyond the frame rates of high-speed cameras.
Asymmetrische Micheal‐Additionen. Praktisch vollständigdiastereo‐ und enantioselektive Alkylierungen des Enamins aus Cyclohexanon und Prolinylmethyläther.durch ω‐Nitrostyrole zu u‐2‐(l′‐Aryl‐2′‐nitroäthyl)cyclohexanonen (1982)

Asymmetric Michael‐Additions Practically Completely Diastereo‐ and Enantloselective Alkylations of the Enamine from Cyclohexanone and Prolinyl Methyl Ether by ω‐Nitrostyrenes to Give u 2‐(1′‐Aryl‐2′‐nitroethyl)cyclohexanones When the enamine (S) ‐ N ‐(1′cyclohexenyl)‐2‐methoxymethyl‐pyrrolidine is added to 2‐aryl‐l‐nitroethylenes, only one of the four possible enantiomerically pure diastereomers is formed. Hydrolysis of the crude primary products furnishes α‐alkylated cyclohexanones of &gt; 90% e. e. ( 3 , Scheme 3 ). Their (2 S ,1′ R )‐configuration was deduced by chemical correlation with l‐cyclohexyl‐l‐phenyl‐ethane and from an X‐ray crystal structure analysis of (−)‐(2 R ,3 S ,6′ R 1,l″ S ′)‐3‐methyl‐ N ‐[6′‐(2″‐nitro‐l″‐phenylethyl)‐l′‐cyclohexenyl]‐2‐phenylmorpholine ( lla , Scheme 5 and Fig. 2 ). ‐ The relative topicity of reactant approach with the prolinol derivative (see II ) is specified as lkul ‐l,4. The steric course and the mechanism of the reaction are discussed.
Evidence for Jet Collimation in SS 433 with the Chandra HETGS (2003)

Abstract High-resolution X-ray spectra of SS 433 obtained after a binary egress with the Chandra High Energy Transmission Grating Spectrometer (HETGS) were studied. Many Doppler-shifted X-ray emission lines from highly ionized elements were detected. The initial temperature of the jets is estimated to be 20 keV. The lines are found to generally be broader than the instrumental resolution. The widths of the Fe xxv$\mathrm{K}\alpha$ and Si xiii$\mathrm{K}\alpha$ lines correspond to velocity dispersions of $2100^{+600}_{-340} \,\mathrm{km} \,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ and $840^{+180}_{-150} \,\mathrm{km} \,\mathrm{s}^{-1}$ respectively, in terms of Gaussian sigma. Neither the measured line widths nor their dependence on the atomic number can be explained by thermal broadening alone. Alternative explanations of the observed line widths are discussed, including in particular a progressive jet collimation along its axis.
An introduction to the analysis of normed linear spaces (2000)

1. Basic properties of normed linear spaces 2. Classes of example spaces 3. Orthonormal sets in inner product spaces 4. Norming mappings and forming duals and operator algebras 5. The shape of the dual 6. The Hahn-Banach theorem 7. The natural embedding and reflexivity 8. Subreflexivity 9. Baire category theory for metric spaces 10. The open mapping and closed graph theorems 11. The uniform boundedness theorem 12. Conjugate mappings 13. Adjoint operators on Hilbert space 14. Projection operators 15. Compact operators 16. The spectrum 17. The spectrum of a continuous linear operator 18. The spectrum of a compact operator 19. The spectral theorem for compact normal operators on Hilbert space 20. The spectral theorem for compact operators on Hilbert space Appendices. A1. Zorn's lemma A2. Numerical equivalence A3. Hamel basis.
Supplementary Table S1 from Obesity-Induced Colorectal Cancer Is Driven by Caloric Silencing of the Guanylin–GUCY2C Paracrine Signaling Axis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Mouse diet calorie and nutrient content.&lt;/p&gt;
Bayesian super-resolution of text image sequences from low resolution observations (2003)

This paper deals with the problem of reconstructing high-resolution text images from an incomplete set of under-sampled, blurred, and noisy images shifted with subpixel displacement. We derive mathematical expressions for the calculation of the maximum a posteriori estimate of the high resolution image and the estimation of the parameters involved in the model. The method is tested on real text images and car plates, examining the impact of blurring and the number of available low resolution images on the final estimate.
DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN PLANTS (1996)

The biological impact of any DNA damaging agent is a combined function of the chemical nature of the induced lesions and the efficiency and accuracy of their repair. Although much has been learned from microbes and mammals about both the repair of DNA damage and the biological effects of the persistence of these lesions, much remains to be learned about the mechanism and tissue-specificity of repair in plants. This review focuses on recent work on the induction and repair of DNA damage in higher plants, with special emphasis on UV-induced DNA damage products.
Druck und Widerstand (1967)

In der strategischen Analyse sind Probleme, wie sie während der Berlin-Krise entstanden, bisher wenig beachtet worden. Man kann sie ganz allgemein mit »Druck und Widerstand« umschreiben, wobei unter »Druck« der Versuch zu verstehen ist, durch (häufiger stillschweigende als offene) Drohungen, die von militärischer Macht unterstützt werden, politische Vorteile zu erlangen. Im nuklearen Zeitalter ist das die charakteristischste Art der Gewaltanwendung durch eine expansionistische Macht. Da ein Atomkrieg wegen seines selbstzerstörenden Charakters als Möglichkeit ausscheidet, wird eine Macht, die eine Änderung im Gleichgewicht der Kräfte in der Welt herbeiführen will, militärpolitische Ziele haben, die über die Abschreckung einer Gewaltanwendung auf feindlicher Seite hinausgehen. Sie wird nach Möglichkeiten suchen, ihre militärische Stärke auszunutzen, um positive Gewinne einzuheimsen.
A Bridge to the World--Congratulations to the launch of China Standardization (2004)

After years of expedition in the journey of standardization, we've conquered milesand miles to be standing here.……
Dopamine supersensitivity psychosis and dopamine partial agonist: A retrospective survey of failure of switching to aripiprazole in schizophrenia (2015)

The administration of aripiprazole (ARI), a dopamine partial agonist, could provoke abrupt psychotic worsening in patients with schizophrenia. We explored the relationship between this psychotic worsening and dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP), which is a clinically vulnerable state. We conducted a retrospective investigation for 264 patients whose treatment medication was switched to ARI from other antipsychotics. We divided the patients into the DSP(+) group with a history of DSP episode(s) (N = 70) and the DSP(-) group without such a history (N = 194), and then compared the clinical factors relevant to the success or failure of the switch to ARI between them. The results revealed that patients in the DSP(+) group experienced psychotic worsening following the switch to ARI with a significant higher rate compared to the DSP(-) group (23% vs. 8%, P < 0.01). Moreover, the dosages of the drugs before the ARI introduction in the patients experiencing the psychotic worsening in the DSP (-) group were higher than those in other patients of the group. Our findings suggest that patients who receive high dosages of antipsychotic drugs form overt or covert DSP and such state is highly associated with psychotic worsening following ARI treatment.
Monolayers of Diphenyldiacetylene Derivatives:  Tuning Molecular Tilt Angles and Photopolymerization Efficiency via Electrodeposited Ag Interlayer on Au (2005)

An electrodeposited Ag adlayer (upd, underpotential deposition) is utilized to improve monolayer photopolymerization of diphenyldiacetylene derivatives (DPDAs) that would otherwise exhibit no polymerization in solid state. Topochemical reaction of diacetylene derivatives via solid-state 1,4-addition yields polydiacetylenes which are of great importance due to properties associated with their ene-yne conjugated backbones. The polymerization efficiency heavily depends on the molecular arrangement in the crystals. For example, crystals of most DPDA derivatives show no activity for topochemical reaction because the bulky phenyl end groups space out the triple bonds and thus DPDAs require relatively large translation and rotation angles for polymerization. In principle, topochemical reaction is viable if molecules are in optimal arrangement. The upd interlayer can be applied to tune the adsorbate-substrate interactions, intermolecular spacing, and the molecular tilt angle by controlling the coverage of the Ag adlayer. It is thus possible to manipulate the molecular arrangement of DPDAs for the subsequent polymerization. Successful photopolymerization of DPDA monolayers is realized from the decrease in nu(C[triple bond]C) intensity by infrared reflectance absorbance spectroscopy, growth of ene-yne pi-pi* transition by UV-vis measurements, and enhanced electrochemical stability by the cathodic desorption protocol. The optimal efficiency of polymerization takes place on upd-modified substrates that can generate approximately 45 degrees tilt angle for DPDA derivatives.
Tunable ultrathin mantle cloak via varactor-diode-loaded metasurface (2014)

We propose a tunable strategy for the ultrathin mantle cloak via metasurface. The tunable cloak is implemented by loading varactor diodes between two neighboring horizontal metallic strips which constitute the metasurface. We demonstrate that the varactor diodes enable the capacitive reactance of the metasurface to be tunable from -157 Ω to -3 Ω when the DC bias voltage is properly changed. The active metasurface is then explored to cloak conformally a conducting cylinder. Both numerical and experiment results show that the cloaking frequency can be continuously controlled from 2.3 GHz to 3.7 GHz by appropriately adjusting the bias voltage. The flexible tunability and good cloaking performance are further examined by the measured field distributions. The advanced features of tunability, low profile, and conformal ability of the ultrathin cloak pave the way for practical applications of cloaking devices.
An extended target tracking model with multiple random matrices and unified kinematics (2014)

This paper presents a model for tracking of extended targets, where each target is represented by a given number of elliptic subobjects. A gamma Gaussian inverse Wishart implementation is derived, and necessary approximations are suggested to alleviate the data association complexity. A simulation study shows the merits of the model compared to previous work on the topic.
Casein Micelles: Size Distribution in Milks from Individual Cows (2012)

The size distribution and protein composition of casein micelles in the milk of Holstein-Friesian cows was determined as a function of stage and number of lactations. Protein composition did not vary significantly between the milks of different cows or as a function of lactation stage. Differences in the size and polydispersity of the casein micelles were observed between the milks of different cows, but not as a function of stage of milking or stage of lactation and not even over successive lactations periods. Modal radii varied from 55 to 70 nm, whereas hydrodynamic radii at a scattering angle of 73° (Q² = 350 μm⁻²) varied from 77 to 115 nm and polydispersity varied from 0.27 to 0.41, in a log-normal distribution. Casein micelle size in the milks of individual cows was not correlated with age, milk production, or lactation stage of the cows or fat or protein content of the milk.
A Survey of Binary Similarity and Distance Measures (2010)

The binary feature vector is one of the most common representations of patterns and measuring similarity and distance measures play a critical role in many problems such as clustering, classification, etc. Ever since Jaccard proposed a similarity measure to classify ecological species in 1901, numerous binary similarity and distance measures have been proposed in various fields. Applying appropriate measures results in more accurate data analysis. Notwithstanding, few comprehensive surveys on binary measures have been conducted. Hence we collected 76 binary similarity and distance measures used over the last century and reveal their correlations through the hierarchical clustering technique.
Synthesis of reagents for inhibiting the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria in petroleum production (2008)

Quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized on the basis of hexamethylenetetramine and piperylene hydrochloride. Conditions for the synthesis of mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraalkenylhexamethylenetetrammonium chlorides in aqueous solutions were optimized. The main physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized compounds were determined and the structures were established. The suppression of the growth of sulfate-reducing bacteria was studied.
Flexible OLED display development: Strategy and status (2005)

Abstract— In this paper, the current status of flexible OLED (FOLED®) display development will be reviewed, including previous results for passive‐matrix displays on plastic and current progress on active‐matrix displays on steel foil. The displays incorporate high‐efficiency small‐molecule phosphorescence OLED (PHOLE™) technology. The ultimate goal is to develop high‐information‐content high‐performance long‐lived, and large‐area FOLED displays that can be pulled or rolled out from a smaller pen‐like housing. The strategy for achieving this goal will be presented.
Runs on Algorithmic Stablecoins: Evidence from Iron, Titan, and Steel (2022)

Stablecoins---digital currencies pegged to an external reference (e.g., the US dollar)---play an increasingly important role in transacting digital currencies. However, with a peg to an external reference comes the risk that the peg breaks and, akin to runs on other financial instruments, the risk of a stablecoin run.
Über Actinomycetenfarbstoffe, VII. Pyrromycin (1959)

Abstract Aus einem Streptomyces ‐Stamm wurde ein roter, antibiotisch wirksamer, basischer Farbstoff, das Pyrromycin , als krist. Hydrochlorid C 30 H 35 NO 11 ·HCl isoliert. Pyrromycin ist ein Glykosid aus 1 Mol. ϵ‐Pyrromycinon und 1 Mol. Rhodosamin, einem Dimethylamino‐Zucker, der zuerst als Abbauprodukt von Rhodomycin A und B aufgefunden wurde. Rhodosamin ist über seine C‐1‐Hydroxygruppe glykosidisch mit der sekundären Hydroxygruppe in Ring A des ϵ‐Pyrromycinons verbunden.
Human Cytochrome P450 3A4 as a Biocatalyst: Effects of the Engineered Linker in Modulation of Coupling Efficiency in 3A4-BMR Chimeras (2017)

Human liver cytochrome P450 3A4 is the main enzyme involved in drug metabolism. This makes it an attractive target for biocatalytic applications, such as the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and drug metabolites. However, its poor solubility, stability and low coupling have limited its application in the biotechnological context. We previously demonstrated that the solubility of P450 3A4 can be increased by creating fusion proteins between the reductase from <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> BM3 (BMR) and the N-terminally modified P450 3A4 (3A4-BMR). In this work, we aim at increasing stability and coupling efficiency by varying the length of the loop connecting the two domains to allow higher inter-domain flexibility, optimizing the interaction between the domains. Starting from the construct 3A4-BMR containing the short linker Pro-Ser-Arg, two constructs were generated by introducing a 3 and 5 glycine hinge (3A4-3GLY-BMR and 3A4-5GLY-BMR). The three fusion proteins show the typical absorbance at 450 nm of the reduced heme-CO adduct as well as the correct incorporation of the FAD and FMN cofactors. Each of the three chimeric proteins were more stable than P450 3A4 alone. Moreover, the 3A4-BMR-3-GLY enzyme showed the highest NADPH oxidation rate in line with the most positive reduction potential. On the other hand, the 3A4-BMR-5-GLY fusion protein showed a V<sub>max</sub> increased by 2-fold as well as a higher coupling efficiency when compared to 3A4-BMR in the hydroxylation of the marker substrate testosterone. This protein also showed the highest rate value of cytochrome <i>c</i> reduction when this external electron acceptor is used to intercept electrons from BMR to P450. The data suggest that the flexibility and the interaction between domains in the chimeric proteins is a key parameter to improve turnover and coupling efficiency. These findings provide important guidelines in engineering catalytically self-sufficient human P450 for applications in biocatalysis.
Cohort Profile: The Swiss Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort Study (SIBDCS) (2008)

How did the study come about? Background Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and indeterminate colitis are the three subtypes of disease collectively known as inflammatory bowel diseases: relapsing and remitting conditions characterized by chronic inflammation which is limited to the colon in ulcerative colitis, whereas it can involve various sites in the gastrointestinal tract in Crohn's disease.
Antibacterial Activity and Cytocompatibility of Electrospun PLGA Scaffolds Surface-Modified by Pulsed DC Magnetron Co-Sputtering of Copper and Titanium (2023)

Biocompatible poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffolds fabricated via electrospinning are having promising properties as implants for the regeneration of fast-growing tissues, which are able to degrade in the body. The hereby-presented research work investigates the surface modification of these scaffolds in order to improve antibacterial properties of this type of scaffolds, as it can increase their application possibilities in medicine. Therefore, the scaffolds were surface-modified by means of pulsed direct current magnetron co-sputtering of copper and titanium targets in an inert atmosphere of argon. In order to obtain different amounts of copper and titanium in the resulting coatings, three different surface-modified scaffold samples were produced by changing the magnetron sputtering process parameters. The success of the antibacterial properties' improvement was tested with the methicillin-resistant bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. In addition, the resulting cell toxicity of the surface modification by copper and titanium was examined using mouse embryonic and human gingival fibroblasts. As a result, the scaffold samples surface-modified with the highest copper to titanium ratio show the best antibacterial properties and no toxicity against mouse fibroblasts, but have a toxic effect to human gingival fibroblasts. The scaffold samples with the lowest copper to titanium ratio display no antibacterial effect and toxicity. The optimal poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffold sample is surface-modified with a medium ratio of copper and titanium that has antibacterial properties and is non-toxic to both cell cultures.
Effects of Selective Checkpoint Kinase 1 Inhibition on Cytarabine Cytotoxicity in Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Cells In Vitro (2012)

These results not only provide evidence for cytarabine-induced S-phase checkpoint activation in AML in the clinical setting, but also show that a selective Chk1 inhibitor can overcome the S-phase checkpoint and enhance the cytotoxicity of cytarabine. Accordingly, further investigation of the cytarabine/SCH 900776 combination in AML appears warranted.
Supplementary Data from Targeting Melanoma with Dual Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Data from Targeting Melanoma with Dual Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibitors
A Low Power Pre-Setting Based Sub-Radix-2 Approximation for Multi-bit/cycle SAR ADCs (2020)

A pre-setting based sub-radix-2 approximation technique for multi-bit/cycle successive-approximation-register (SAR) analog to digital converters (ADCs) is proposed in this paper. The proposed approximation technique enhances the conversion speed and relieves the power hungry reference voltage buffer. The sub-radix-2 approximation only adjusts the weights of original binary DAC array without introducing additional unit capacitors and leading to reduced silicon area and power consumption. An adder based backend encoding circuit is proposed, with negligible power and silicon area overhead. Furthermore, the non-ideal DNL/INL, which are caused by incomplete DAC settling, are characterized and analysed in this paper. The peak DNL/INL values are symmetrically located at 1/4 and 3/4 of full scale. With the presence of sub-radix-2 approximation, the peak INL/DNL could be significantly reduced. The simulation results show the better performance of sub-radix-2 approximation than binary approximation. Designed in CMOS 40nm technology, it could keep a higher (>9.5-bit) effective number of bits (ENOB) with short settling time of DAC buffer, and boost the sampling rate equivalently.
Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, rehabilitation, and return to play: 2015 update (2016)

Anatomical discoveries and a growing appreciation of the knee as a complex organ are driving innovations in patient care decision-making following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Surgeons are increasing their efforts to restore combined mechanical-neurosensory ACL function and placing more consideration on when to reconstruct versus repair native anatomical structures. Surgical options now include primary repair with or without reinforcing the injured ACL with suture-based internal bracing, and growing evidence supports biological augmentation using platelet-rich plasma and mesenchymal stem cells to enhance tissue healing. Physical therapists and athletic trainers are increasing their efforts to facilitate greater athlete cognitive engagement during therapeutic exercise performance to better restore nonimpaired neuromuscular control activation amplitude and timing. Knee brace design and use needs to evolve to better match these innovations and their influence on the rehabilitation plan timetable. There is a growing appreciation for the multifaceted characteristics of the rehabilitation process and how they influence neuromuscular, educational, and psychobehavioral treatment goal achievement. Multiple sources may influence the athlete during the return to sports process and clinical outcome measures need to be refined to better evaluate these influences. This update summarizes contemporary ACL surgical, medical, and rehabilitation interventions and future trends.
The anti-atherosclerotic effect of Prosopis Farcta is associated with the inhibition of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 (2018)

This study evaluated the anti-atherosclerosis effect of aqueous extract and polysaccharide-enriched fraction of Prosopis farcta on adhesion and inflammatory cascades in vascular endothelial cells and related molecular mechanisms. Cellular toxicities of LPS, plant extract and polysaccharide-enriched fraction were analyzed in vitro using the MTT method. The ROS accumulation, mRNA expression of ICAM1 and VCAM1, and COX activity were measured in HUVEC cells. These results revealed a new underlying mechanism for anti-atherosclerosis effect of P. farcta and polysaccharide-enriched fraction by attenuating inflammatory cascade mediated by COX expression, modulating expression of cell- adhesion molecules including VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, and diminishing oxidative stress agents.