gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation-induced grafting of sulfonates on polyethylene (1982)

Indirect methods for introducing sulfonate groups into polyethylene, using the preirradiation technique, were studied. One of the methods involved graft polymerization of 2,3-epoxypropyl acrylate into polyethylene followed by sulfonation of the epoxy ring with bisulfite. The hydroxy sulfonate thus obtained was unstable in an acid or base environment and hydrolyzed at the esteric bond. The second method involved hydrophylization of the polyethylene by forming a pregraft of polyacrylic acid or polyvinyl alcohol, followed by preirradiation grafting with sodium styrene sulfonate or, less successfully, with sodium vinyl sulfonate. The sulfonates thus obtained were resistant to acids and bases. The acid capacity, water absorption, and water permeability of the grafted films were determined.
Realization of coupled-resonator-induced transparency in silicon-on-insulator based ring-bus-ring geometry (2011)

We demonstrate coupled-resonator induced transparency by means of synergistic integration between the ring-bus-ring (RBR) configuration and the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) device, on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) material platform. Good agreement is obtained between experiment and the theory.
Visualizing early frog development with motion-sensitive 3-D optical coherence microscopy (2005)

A motion-sensitive en-face-scanning 3-D optical coherence microscope (OCM) has been designed and constructed to study critical events in the early development of plants and animals. We describe the OCM instrument and present time-lapse movies of frog gastrulation, an early developmental event in which three distinct tissue layers are established that later give rise to all major organ systems. OCM images constructed with fringe-amplitude data show the mesendoderm migrating up along the blastocoel roof, thus forming the inner two tissue layers. Motion-sigma data, measuring the random motion of scatterers, is used to construct complementary images that indicate the presence of Brownian motion in the yolk cells of the endoderm. This random motion provides additional intrinsic contrast that helps to distinguish different tissue types. Depth penetration at 850 nm is sufficient for studies of the outer ectoderm layer, but is not quite adequate for detailed study of the blastocoel floor, about 500 to 800 mum deep into the embryo. However, we measure the optical attenuation of these embryos to be about 35% less at 1310 nm. 2-D OCT images at 1310 nm are presented that promise sufficient depth penetration to test current models of cell movement near the blastocoel floor during gastrulation.
Fatigue and Paradoxical Enhancement of Heat Response in C-Fiber Nociceptors from Cross-Modal Excitation (2003)

Fatigue refers to the decrement of response seen with repeated stimulation and is a prominent attribute of nociceptors. Whether fatigue in nociceptors involves transduction, spike initiation, or conduction mechanisms is unknown. We investigated systematically how electrical, mechanical, and heat conditioning stimuli (eCS, mCS, hCS) affected the subsequent response to a test-heat stimulus applied 5 sec later to the receptive field of cutaneous nociceptors. Standard teased-fiber techniques were used to record from mechano-heat-sensitive C-fiber afferents in the anesthetized monkey. The eCS was applied to the nerve trunk, whereas the hCS and mCS were applied to the heat-test site. For the eCS, the number of pulses rather than frequency of stimulation determined the level of fatigue. Fatigue varied inversely with the time interval between the eCS and the test stimulus. For comparable responses from the CS, the magnitude of fatigue was less after the mCS than after the eCS. The mCS (but not the eCS) sometimes evoked a paradoxical increase in response to the test-heat stimulus. Recovery from fatigue was significantly faster after the eCS and mCS than the hCS. The paradoxical enhancement after the mCS probably results from temporal summation of generator potentials produced by mechanical and heat stimulation and suggests that the time constant of the generator potential is on the order of seconds. Concurrent enhancement-fatigue effects may also explain why fatigue was less after the mCS than the eCS. The dependency of recovery from fatigue on the modality of the CS suggests that fatigue results from transduction-spike initiation mechanisms.
Identifying critical periods for maintaining weight loss in obese children (2015)

of Identifying critical periods for maintaining weight loss in obese children.
MINUTES OF THE MEETING OF THE ASSEMBLY COMMITTEE ON GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS (2005)

The Committee on Government Affairs was called to order at 8:16 a.m., on Friday, May 13, 2005. Chairman David Parks presided in Room 3143 of the Legislative Building, Carson City, Nevada, and, via simultaneous videoconference, in Room 4412 of the Grant Sawyer State Office Building, Las Vegas, Nevada. Exhibit A is the Agenda. All exhibits are available and on file at the Research Library of the Legislative Counsel Bureau.
Dual amplification strategy of highly sensitive thrombin amperometric aptasensor based on chitosan–Au nanocomposites (2012)

A highly sensitive and selective electrochemical aptasensor for thrombin was developed. By introducing chitosan-gold nanoparticles and horseradish peroxidase (CS-AuNPs-HRP) conjugates to the sensitive union, the thrombin detection signal was dual amplified. The capture probe was prepared by immobilizing an anti-thrombin aptamer on core-shell Fe(3)O(4)-Au magnetic nanoparticles (AuMNPs) and which was served as magnetic separation material as well. The detection probe was prepared from another anti-thrombin aptamer, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), thiolated CS nanoparticle and gold nanoparticle (CS-AuNPs-HRP-Apt2). In the presence of thrombin, the sandwich structure of AuMNPs-Apt1/thrombin/Apt2-CS-AuNPs-HRP was formed and abundant HRP was captured in it. The resultant conjugates are of magnetic characters and were captured onto the surface of a screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) to prepare the modified electrode by a magnet located on the outer flank of the SPCE. It was demonstrated that the oxidation of hydroquinone (HQ) with H(2)O(2) was dramatically accelerated by the captured HRP. The electrochemical signal, which correlated to the reduction of BQ (the oxidation product of HQ), was amplified by the catalysis of HRP toward the reaction and the enrichment of HRP on the electrode surface. Under optimized conditions, ultrasensitive and high specific detection for thrombin was realized with the proposed assay strategy. The signal current was linearly correlated to the thrombin concentration in the range of 0.01-10 pM with a detection limit of 5.5 fM (S/N = 3). These results promise extensive applications of this newly proposed signal amplification strategy in protein detection and disease diagnosis.
Fast analytical calculation method for eddy current induced by gradient fields in an MRI system (2017)

Purpose Eddy currents are inevitable in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems. These currents are mainly induced by gradient fields. This study aims to propose a fast analytical method to calculate eddy currents induced by frequently switching gradient fields in a traditional C-shape MRI system. Design/methodology/approach Fourier decomposition and magnetic vector potentials were used to calculate the eddy currents. Calculations with the proposed analytical method revealed the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of eddy currents. Findings Calculation and Maxwell simulation results were consistent. The agreement between calculation and simulation results indicates that increasingly sophisticated structures could be developed. The calculated results could guide the design of improved gradient coils. Originality/value Eddy currents induced by gradient current are decomposed into currents induced by each time-harmonic component, and then adding them together to obtain complete contribution of the eddy current. The analytical method was used to characterize the properties of symmetric and asymmetric eddy currents induced by gradient coils in MRI systems. The analytical method can be used to improve the gradient shield during the design of the gradient coil in the MRI system.
Cantilever-based sensor with integrated optical read-out using single mode waveguides (2007)

This work presents the design, fabrication and mechanical characterisation of an integrated optical read-out scheme for cantilever-based biosensors. A cantilever can be used as a biosensor by monitoring its bending caused by the surface stress generated due to chemical reactions occurring on its surface. Here, we present a novel integrated optical read-out scheme based on single-mode waveguides that enables the fabrication of a compact system. The complete system is fabricated in the polymer SU-8. This manuscript shows the principle of operation and the design well as the fabrication of the system and characterisation of the read-out method.
Photonic nanoarchitectonics with stimuli-responsive 2D materials (2019)

The emerging field of photonic nanoarchitectonics based on stimuli responsive 2D materials is highlighted with a focus on applications in colorimetric sensing.
Method for nanomachining high aspect ratio structures (2023)

A nanomachining method for producing high-aspect ratio precise nanostructures. The method begins by irradiating a wafer with an energetic charged-particle beam. Next, a layer of patterning material is deposited on one side of the wafer and a layer of etch stop or metal plating base is coated on the other side of the wafer. A desired pattern is generated in the patterning material on the top surface of the irradiated wafer using conventional electron-beam lithography techniques. Lastly, the wafer is placed in an appropriate chemical solution that produces a directional etch of the wafer only in the area from which the resist has been removed by the patterning process. The high mechanical strength of the wafer materials compared to the organic resists used in conventional lithography techniques with allows the transfer of the precise patterns into structures with aspect ratios much larger than those previously achievable.
A signal detection theory approach for camera tamper detection (2017)

Camera tamper detection is the ability to detect faults and operational failures in video surveillance cameras by analyzing the video. Researchers have increasingly focused on such techniques attributing to the ubiquitous deployment of large scale surveillance systems. In this paper, a signal detection theory approach is proposed to quantitatively analyze the information being captured by the camera and to detect tampers. Signal activity is used as a feature to measure the amount of information in the image. The distribution of features representing the normal operation of a camera are modeled as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM). The GMM is trained using synthetic data. To reduce the effects of noise, a Kalman filter is used to model changes in signal activity in the video. Experimental results show that the proposed approach out performed the state-of-the-art [13] in detecting tampered images with higher accuracy while generating lower false alarms.
Geomorfologiska kartbladen 29G STIPOK, 29 H SITASJAURE och 30 H RIKSGRÄNSEN (väst) : Beskrivning och naturvärdesbedömning (1976)

Projektet Geomorfologisk kartering i fjällen genomfördes 1975-1983 och resulterade i 24 rapporter med tillhörande kartor. Rapporterna beskriver översiktligt området och dess terrängformer. Det finns även naturvärdesbedömningar och utpekande av geomorfologiskt värdefulla områden. Detta är en av rapporterna.
Conditional Contrastive Learning for Improving Fairness in Self-Supervised Learning (2021)

Contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) learns an embedding space that maps similar data pairs closer and dissimilar data pairs farther apart. Despite its success, one issue has been overlooked: the fairness aspect of representations learned using contrastive SSL. Without mitigation, contrastive SSL techniques can incorporate sensitive information such as gender or race and cause potentially unfair predictions on downstream tasks. In this paper, we propose a Conditional Contrastive Learning (CCL) approach to improve the fairness of contrastive SSL methods. Our approach samples positive and negative pairs from distributions conditioning on the sensitive attribute, or empirically speaking, sampling positive and negative pairs from the same gender or the same race. We show that our approach provably maximizes the conditional mutual information between the learned representations of the positive pairs, and reduces the effect of the sensitive attribute by taking it as the conditional variable. On seven fairness and vision datasets, we empirically demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves state-of-the-art downstream performances compared to unsupervised baselines and significantly improves the fairness of contrastive SSL models on multiple fairness metrics.
JOINT BAYESIAN ESTIMATION OF MUTATION LOCATION AND AGE USING LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM (2002)

Associations between disease and marker alleles on chromosomes in populations can arise as a consequence of historical forces such as mutation, selection and genetic drift, and is referred to as "linkage disequilibrium" (LD). LD can be used to estimate the map position of a disease mutation relative to a set of linked markers, as well as to estimate other parameters of interest, such as mutation age. Parametric methods for estimating the location of a disease mutation using marker linkage disequilibrium in a sample of normal and affected individuals require a detailed knowledge of population demography, and in particular require users to specify the postulated age of a mutation and past population growth rates. A new Bayesian method is presented for jointly estimating the position of a disease mutation and its age. The method is illustrated using haplotype data for the cystic fibrosis deltaF508 mutation in Europe and the DTD mutation in Finland. It is shown that, for these datasets, the posterior probability distribution of disease mutation location is insensitive to the population growth rate when the model is averaged over possible mutation ages using a prior probability distribution for the mutation age based on the population frequency of the disease mutation. Fewer assumptions are therefore needed for parametric LD mapping.
Planning Long Dynamically Feasible Maneuvers for Autonomous Vehicles (2009)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for generating complex dynamically feasible maneuvers for autonomous vehicles traveling at high speeds over large distances. Our approach is based on performing anytime incremental search on a multi-resolution, dynamically feasible lattice state space. The resulting planner provides real-time performance and guarantees on and control of the suboptimality of its solution. We provide theoretical properties and experimental results from an implementation on an autonomous passenger vehicle that competed in, and won, the Urban Challenge competition.
Electrostatic Lens Systems (1991)

The optics of simple lenses. The motion of charged particles in an electrostatic field. The determination of the axial potential. The optics of simple lens systems. Aberrations. The LENSYS program. Technical aspects of LENSYS. References.
Nonlinear diffraction under three-wave spontaneous and four-wave coherent scattering of light by polaritons (2002)

Summary form only given.In a medium with periodical spatial distribution of the quadratic nonlinear susceptibility /spl chi/((2)) we could observe the phenomenon of nonlinear diffraction. This means that the effectiveness of parametric wave-mixing processes increases greatly in the directions determined by quasi-phase-matching conditions. We studied the nonlinear diffraction under the processes of light scattering by phonon polaritons in multiple domained LiNbO/sub 3/:Nd,Mg crystals with the head-to-head-tail-to-tail laminar domain structure. Periodical reversals of the spontaneous polarization P/sub sp/ lead to the reversals of the /spl chi//sup (2)/ sign with the same period.
A Modified Fuzzy K-means Clustering using Expectation Maximization (2006)

K-means is a popular clustering algorithm that requires a huge initial set to start the clustering. K-means is an unsupervised clustering method which does not guarantee convergence. Numerous improvements to K-means have been done to make its performance better. Expectation Maximization is a statistical technique for maximum likelihood estimation using mixture models. It searches for a local maxima and generally converges very well. The proposed algorithm combines these two algorithms to generate optimum clusters which do not require a huge value of K and each cluster attains a more natural shape and guarantee convergence. The paper compares the new method with Fuzzy K-means on benchmark iris data.
Diseño y construcción de un modulador y demodulador de Banda lateral única empleando el método de doble filtraje (1997)

El contenido de esta tesis abarca bases teoricas estrictamente indispensables, pasos seguidos y criterios adoptados para efectuar el diseno y construccion de un modulador y demodulador de banda lateral unica, empleando una tecnica en particular denominada doble filtraje, llamada asi debido a que la modulacion de doble banda lateral se realiza en dos pasos. Ademas de la senal de informacion se trasmite tambien una portadora senoidal denominada tono piloto lo que permite que la demodulacion o recuperacion de la senal de informacion se pueda hacer mediante un circuito sencillo detector de envolvente.
Abstract P4-12-02: Cost-effectiveness of genetic testing with a hereditary cancer panel in women at risk of hereditary breast cancer (2018)

Abstract Background: The role of the BRCA1/2 genes in breast cancer risk has been well characterized. However, pathogenic variants in additional genes also confer hereditary breast cancer risk and if detected can lead to interventions that can facilitate increased life expectancy. For example, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines (Version 2.2017) recommend MRI screening for women who carry a pathogenic variant in CHEK2 and MRI screening or risk-reducing mastectomy for women who carry a pathogenic variant in PALB2. Testing women at risk of hereditary breast cancer with a 7-gene panel was recently reported to be more cost-effective than testing only BRCA1/2 genes (Li et al. Value Health, 2017). Objectives: To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of a multigene panel testing strategy including 11 genes with risk reduction recommendations by the NCCN guidelines compared with testing only BRCA1/2 genes. Methods: Using a Markov model modified from the recent Li et al. publication, the 11-gene model was used to estimate life expectancies and total healthcare costs from a payers' perspective. The model included costs for genetic testing, genetic consultation, and cancer treatment as well as risk reduction strategies recommended by the guidelines: prophylactic surgery, MRI surveillance, and mammography. Probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out to determine the robustness of the modeling. Results: In the base case, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the 11-gene multigene testing strategy compared with BRCA1/2 testing was $22,377 per life-year gained ($47,240 per quality-adjusted life-year gained) for a 40-year-old cohort and $36,690 per life-year gained ($63,384 per quality-adjusted life-year gained) for a 50-year-old cohort. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the multigene testing strategy had a 97% chance of costing less than $100,000 per quality-adjusted life-year gained for the 40-year-old cohort. Conclusion: In patients at risk of hereditary breast cancer, testing using a multigene panel followed by risk reducing interventions is cost-effective compared with testing only BRCA1/2 genes. Citation Format: Li Y, Arellano AR, Bare LA, Devlin JJ. Cost-effectiveness of genetic testing with a hereditary cancer panel in women at risk of hereditary breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-12-02.
Augmented Reality: Approaches and Technical Challenges (2001)

Building an effective AR system is a difficult task and is an active area of research. This chapter describes, at a high level, the approaches that have been taken so far and the major challenges that system designers face. Section 2 surveys the characteristics of AR systems and the various possible configurations, along with the relative advantages and disadvantages of each. Currently, two of the biggest problems are in registration and sensing: the subjects of Sections 3 and 4. Finally, Section 5 suggests some topics for further work and research.
Serum amyloid A binds specific extracellular matrix glycoproteins and induces the adhesion of resting CD4+ T cells (1996)

Serum amyloid A (SAA), a prototypic acute phase protein reactant, exists naturally in the serum of healthy individuals. However, the levels of SAA in serum and its presence in sites of inflammation increase during certain chronic diseases associated with a local elevation of cytokine concentrations. Although the chemical structure of SAA is defined, its putative immunologic role(s) is still obscure. Nevertheless, it has been shown that 1) SAA acts as a chemoattractant and regulator of the migration of monocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, and T lymphocytes through endothelial cell monolayers; and 2) SAA and its proteolytically degraded N-terminal amyloid A fragment contain an extracellular matrix (ECM)-related cell adhesion epitopes. Herein, we examined whether SAA can associate with specific ECM moieties, and whether immobilized SAA-ECM complexes affect T lymphocyte adhesion. Radiolabeled human rSAA ([125I]rSAA) interacted avidly (Kd = 10(-9) M) and transiently with intact ECM, laminin, and vitronectin, but not with fibronectin or collagen type II. The binding of [125I]rSAA to ECM and laminin was inhibited by unlabeled rSAA and by the AA fragment, but not by the C-terminal portion of SAA (amino acid residues 2-82 and 77-104, respectively). Upon interactions with SAA or amyloid A, immobilized ECM, laminin, and vitronectin induced the adhesion of resting human CD4+ T cells in an apparently beta 1-integrin-mediated manner. Thus, the ECM appears to serve as a temporary anchorage site for SAA and amyloid A, and these ECM-complexed molecules seem to be involved in regulating the recruitment and accumulation of immunocytes in extravascular inflammatory compartments.
Linkage Analysis of Autopsy-Confirmed Familial Alzheimer Disease Supports an Alzheimer Disease Locus in 8q24 (2011)

The 8q24 region has been implicated to be involved in AD etiology.
An adaptively trainable neural network algorithm and its application to electric load forecasting (2002)

A training procedure that adapts the weights of a trained layered perceptron type artificial neural network to training data originating from a slowly varying nonstationary process is proposed. The resulting adaptively trained neural network (ATNN), based on nonlinear programming techniques, is shown to adapt to new training data that is in conflict with earlier training data with affecting the neural networks' response minimally to data elsewhere. The ATNN demonstrates improved accuracy over conventionally trained layered perceptron when applied to the problem of electric load forecasting.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>