gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid Detection of the Varicella Zoster Virus in Saliva (2011)

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes chicken pox on first exposure (usually in children), and reactivates from latency causing shingles (usually in adults). Shingles can be extremely painful, causing nerve damage, organ damage, and blindness in some cases. The virus can be life-threatening in immune-compromised individuals. The virus is very difficult to culture for diagnosis, requiring a week or longer. This invention is a rapid test for VZV from a saliva sample and can be performed in a doctor s office. The kit is small, compact, and lightweight. Detec tion is sensitive, specific, and noninvasive (no needles); only a saliva sample is required. The test provides results in minutes. The entire test is performed in a closed system, with no exposure to infectious materials. The components are made mostly of inexpensive plastic injection molded parts, many of which can be purchased off the shelf and merely assembled. All biological waste is contained for fast, efficient disposal. This innovation was made possible because of discovery of a NASA scientists flight experiment showing the presence of VZV in saliva during high stress periods and disease. This finding enables clinicians to quickly screen patients for VZV and treat the ones that show positive results with antiviral medicines. This promotes a rapid recovery, easing of pain and symptoms, and reduces chances of complications from zoster. Screening of high-risk patients could be incorporated as part of a regular physical exam. These patients include the elderly, pregnant women, and immune-compromised individuals. In these patients, VZV can be a life-threatening disease. In both high- and low-risk patients, early detection and treatment with antiviral drugs can dramatically decrease or even eliminate the clinical manifestation of disease.
Exact Penalty Functions for Mathematical Programs with Linear Complementarity Constraints (1996)

We establish a new general exact penalty function result for a constrained optimization problem and apply this result to a mathematical program with linear complementarity constraints.
Orthopox Virus Infections in Eurasian Wild Rodents (2011)

The genus Orthopoxvirus includes variola (smallpox) virus and zoonotic cowpox virus (CPXV). All orthopoxviruses (OPV) are serologically cross-reactive and cross-protective, and after the cessation of smallpox vaccination, CPXV and other OPV infections represent an emerging threat to human health. In this respect CPXV, with its reservoir in asymptomatically infected wild rodents, is of special importance. In Europe, clinical cowpox has been diagnosed in both humans and animals. The main objective of this study was to elucidate the prevalence of OPV infections in wild rodents in different parts of Eurasia and to compare the performance of three real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods in detecting OPV DNA in wildlife samples. We investigated 962 wild rodents from Northern Europe (Finland), Central Europe (Germany), and Northern Asia (Siberia, Russia) for the presence of OPV antibodies. According to a CPXV antigen-based immunofluorescence assay, animals from 13 of the 17 locations (76%) showed antibodies. Mean seroprevalence was 33% in Finland (variation between locations 0%-69%), 32% in Germany (0%-43%), and 3.2% (0%-15%) in Siberia. We further screened tissue samples from 513 of the rodents for OPV DNA using up to three real-time PCRs. Three rodents from two German and one Finnish location were OPV DNA positive. The amplicons were 96% to 100% identical to available CPXV sequences. Further, we demonstrated OPV infections as far east as the Baikal region and occurring in hamster and two other rodent species, ones previously unnoticed as possible reservoir hosts. Based on serological and PCR findings, Eurasian wild rodents are frequently but nonpersistently infected with OPVs. Results from three real-time PCR methods were highly concordant. This study extends the geographic range and wildlife species diversity in which OPV (or CPXV) viruses are naturally circulating.
Advanced composites based on relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals: from electromechanical coupling to energy-harvesting applications (2016)

Domain-engineered relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary are highlighted as a key component for high-performance piezo-active composites.
Theory of Cuprate Pseudogap as Antiferromagnetic Order with Charged Domain Walls (2022)

While magnetic fields generally compete with superconductivity, a type II superconductor can persist to very high fields by confining the field in topological defects, namely vortices. We propose that a similar physics underlies the pseudogap phase in cuprates, where the relevant topological defects are the antiphase domain walls of an underlying antiferromagnetic (AFM) order. A key consequence of this scenario is that the termination of the pseudogap phase should be quantitatively described by the underlying AFM model. We demonstrate that this picture can explain a number of key experimentally observed signatures of the pseudogap phase and how it collapses in the cuprates.
Evidence for brain glucose dysregulation in Alzheimer's disease (2017)

Impaired glucose metabolism due to reduced glycolytic flux may be intrinsic to AD pathogenesis. Abnormalities in brain glucose homeostasis may begin several years before the onset of clinical symptoms.
The appropriate and justified use of medical radiation in cardiovascular imaging: a position document of the ESC Associations of Cardiovascular Imaging, Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions and Electrophysiology (2014)

The benefits of cardiac imaging are immense, and modern medicine requires the extensive and versatile use of a variety of cardiac imaging techniques. Cardiologists are responsible for a large part of the radiation exposures every person gets per year from all medical sources. Therefore, they have a particular responsibility to avoid unjustified and non-optimized use of radiation, but sometimes are imperfectly aware of the radiological dose of the examination they prescribe or practice. This position paper aims to summarize the current knowledge on radiation effective doses (and risks) related to cardiac imaging procedures. We have reviewed the literature on radiation doses, which can range from the equivalent of 1-60 milliSievert (mSv) around a reference dose average of 15 mSv (corresponding to 750 chest X-rays) for a percutaneous coronary intervention, a cardiac radiofrequency ablation, a multidetector coronary angiography, or a myocardial perfusion imaging scintigraphy. We provide a European perspective on the best way to play an active role in implementing into clinical practice the key principle of radiation protection that: 'each patient should get the right imaging exam, at the right time, with the right radiation dose'.
Présentation (2016)

partie, sous quelque forme et de quelque manire que ce soit, est interdite sauf accord pralable et crit de l'diteur, en dehors des cas prvus par la lgislation en vigueur en France. Il est prcis que son stockage dans une base de donnes est galement interdit.
Prognosis for Survival after an Open Abomasal Surgery Following an Unsuccessful Toggle-Pin Fixation in Dairy Cows (2003)

Displaced abomasums are among the most common production-limiting conditions needing veterinary medical and surgical attention. Randomized clinical trials have shown an equally good prognosis for open surgical correction and toggle-pin fixation. Both procedures have advantages and disadvantages, complications and failures. There has been a perception that cows that have had toggle-pin fixation with bad outcomes may not be salvageable. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcome of surgical correction following a failed roll-and-toggle procedure, and to identify prognostic indicators.
Adiponectin Depolarizes Parvocellular Paraventricular Nucleus Neurons Controlling Neuroendocrine and Autonomic Function (2008)

Adiponectin plays important roles in the control of energy homeostasis and autonomic function through peripheral and central nervous system actions. The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus is a primary site of neuroendocrine (NE) and autonomic integration, and, thus, a potential target for adiponectin actions. Here, we investigate actions of adiponectin on parvocellular PVN neurons. Adiponectin influenced the majority (65%) of parvocellular PVN neurons, depolarizing 47%, whereas hyperpolarizing 18% of neurons tested. Post hoc identification (single-cell RT-PCR) after recordings revealed that adiponectin depolarizes NE-CRH neurons, whereas intracerebroventricular injections of adiponectin in vivo caused increased plasma ACTH concentrations. Adiponectin also depolarized the majority of TRH neurons, however, NE-TRH neurons were unaffected, in accordance with in vivo experiments showing that intracerebroventricular adiponectin was without effect on plasma TSH. In addition, bath administration of adiponectin also depolarized both preautonomic TRH and oxytocin neurons. These results show that adiponectin acts in the central nervous system to coordinate NE and autonomic function through actions on specific functional groups of PVN neurons.
SOC designs in the energy conscious era (2008)

Many of us are aware of the impact of mobile and consumer era SOCs on Low Power Design. What is less known is the impact of proliferation in volumes unimaginable ever before and how that impacts already scarce energy resources in various parts of the world. Today, the energy consumption of installed semiconductors is responsible for more CO2 emissions than the entire airlines industry. Ironically, this problematic trend is being noticed not by the semiconductor industry itself, but by governments worldwide. Further, technology migration does not help combat this problem, it only makes it worse - leading to unprecedented regulatory pressures on the semiconductor industry.
Epothilones: new tubulin polymerization agents in preclinical and clinical development (2002)

The epothilones are tubulin polymerization agents that have recently made their way into clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. With a mode of action similar to Taxol® and the potential to overcome knownmechanisms of drug resistance, these agents may offer advantages over existing therapies. This article describes the discovery of the polyketide-derived epothilone natural products and the ensuing drug discovery efforts to identify improved drug analogues. An overview of the preclinical biological properties of the more promising members of this drug class is provided. Accordingly, the compounds included in this article demonstrate significant in vitro effects on tubulin polymerization and tumor cell viability. In addition, the in vivo activities of 7 different epothilones in human tumor xenograft models has been disclosed and reviewed herein. To date, 2 natural products and 2 semisynthetic analogues have been evaluated in cancer patients (EPO-906, KOS-862, BMS-247550, and BMS-310705), and the preliminary safety and efficacy data from the respective phase I/II studies are discussed.
Hypoxic Arousal Responses in Normal Infants (1992)

Failure to arouse in response to hypoxia has been described in infants at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and has been suggested as a possible mechanism for SIDS. However, most SIDS victims are not in a high-risk group before death. Thus, if a hypoxic arousal disorder is an important contributor to SIDS, normal infants might fail to arouse from sleep in response to hypoxia. To test this hypothesis, the authors studied hypoxic arousal responses in 18 healthy term infants younger than 7 months of age (age 12.1 +/- 1.7 [SEM] weeks; 56% girls). Hypoxic arousal challenges were performed during quiet sleep by rapidly decreasing inspired oxygen tension (PIO2) to 80 mm Hg for 3 minutes or until arousal (eye opening, agitation, and crying) occurred. Tests were performed in duplicate when possible. Only 8 infants (44%) aroused in response to one or more hypoxic challenges; arousal occurred during 8 (32%) of 25 trials. There were no significant differences in lowest PIO2 or arterial oxygen saturation during hypoxia between those infants who aroused and those who failed to arouse. All 18 infants had a fall in their end-tidal carbon dioxide tension during hypoxia, suggesting that each had a hypoxic ventilatory response despite failure to arouse in the majority. Periodic breathing occurred following hypoxia in only 1 (13%) of the 8 trials that resulted in arousal, compared with 16 (94%) of 17 trials without arousal (P less than .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two-dimensional graphene analogues for biomedical applications (2014)

The increasing demand of clinical biomedicine and fast development of nanobiotechnology has substantially promoted the generation of a variety of organic/inorganic nanosystems for biomedical applications. Biocompatible two-dimensional (2D) graphene analogues (e.g., nanosheets of transition metal dichalcogenides, transition metal oxides, g-C3N4, Bi2Se3, BN, etc.), which are referred to as 2D-GAs, have emerged as a new unique family of nanomaterials that show unprecedented advantages and superior performances in biomedicine due to their unique compositional, structural and physicochemical features. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art progress of this dynamically developed material family with a particular focus on biomedical applications. After the introduction, the second section of the article summarizes a range of synthetic methods for new types of 2D-GAs as well as their surface functionalization. The subsequent section provides a snapshot on the use of these biocompatible 2D-GAs for a broad spectrum of biomedical applications, including therapeutic (photothermal/photodynamic therapy, chemotherapy and synergistic therapy), diagnostic (fluorescent/magnetic resonance/computed tomography/photoacoustic imaging) and theranostic (concurrent diagnostic imaging and therapy) applications, especially on oncology. In addition, we briefly present the biosensing applications of these 2D-GAs for the detection of biomacromolecules and their in vitro/in vivo biosafety evaluations. The last section summarizes some critical unresolved issues, possible challenges/obstacles and also proposes future perspectives related to the rational design and construction of 2D-GAs for biomedical engineering, which are believed to promote their clinical translations for benefiting the personalized medicine and human health.
Embedded Deterministic Test (2004)

This paper presents a novel test-data volume-compression methodology called the embedded deterministic test (EDT), which reduces manufacturing test cost by providing one to two orders of magnitude reduction in scan test data volume and scan test time. The presented scheme is widely applicable and easy to deploy because it is based on the standard scan/ATPG methodology and adopts a very simple flow. It is nonintrusive as it does not require any modifications to the core logic such as the insertion of test points or logic bounding unknown states. The EDT scheme consists of logic embedded on a chip and a new deterministic test-pattern generation technique. The main contributions of the paper are test-stimuli compression schemes that allow us to deliver test data to the on-chip continuous-flow decompressor. In particular, it can be done by repeating certain patterns at the rates, which are adjusted to the requirements of the test cubes. Experimental results show that for industrial circuits with test cubes with very low fill rates, ranging from 3% to 0.2%, these schemes result in compression ratios of 30 to 500 times. A comprehensive analysis of the encoding efficiency of the proposed compression schemes is also provided.
Creatine Kinase MM and MB Isoforms (1992)

The analysis of creatine kinase (CK) isoforms is important for the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and for the early determination of coronary artery reperfusion in patients treated with thrombolytic therapy. The CK-MB isoform levels are increased in patients with AMI several hours before CK-MB levels and are potentially useful for diagnosis during the critical 2 to 6 hours after the onset of symptoms. Either MM or MB isoforms can be used to determine the success of reperfusion therapy, although measurement of the MB isoforms provides the earliest and most definitive results. Levels of MB isoforms are also elevated in patients with skeletal muscle disease, and together with the relative MB index, can be useful for determining whether the muscle damage is acute or chronic.
Sensor economy principles and selection procedures (2000)

Integrating multiple sensors into manufacturing systems enables adaptive and flexible automation and increases process adaptivity and quality control. The design of an optimum configuration must be based on a systematic analysis relative to operational and economic considerations. This design should include an evaluation of sensor performance, a decision on how many sensors, of which type they should be, and where to locate them, modes of sensor interaction, and the influence on overall performance based on a cost/benefit analysis. In most real-world applications it is impossible to develop an accurate model to predict sensor performance and therefore, performance must be derived empirically but in a systematic manner. This paper presents research and development of integrated sensor economy principles and selection procedures in addition to a performance assessment model. A systems engineering approach is applied for empirical investigations for assessment of alternative guidance systems. The outcome of this research is a set of general design guidelines for integrating multiple sensors into robotic manufacturing systems.
Interactions of cold stress and Pasteurella haemolytica in the pathogenesis of pneumonic pasteurellosis in calves: changes in pulmonary function. (1984)

Thirteen healthy neonatal Holstein calves were cold stressed twice by hosing with cold water for 20 minutes, 12 hours between hosings. Measurements of the pattern of ventilation [tidal volume (VT), respiratory frequency (f), minute ventilation (VMIN), and functional residual capacity (FRC)], gas exchange properties of the lungs [alveolar ventilation (VA), oxygen uptake (VO2), CO2 production (VCO2), dead space ventilation (VD), dead space/tidal volume ratio (VD/VT), arterial oxygen tension (PaO2), arterial CO2 tension (PaCO2) and alveolar-arterial oxygen difference (AaDO2)] and of the mechanical properties of the pulmonary system [dynamic compliance (Cdyn), pulmonary resistance (RL), and total respiratory system resistance (RRS)] were taken. Calves responded to chilling by increasing VO2 and VCO2 necessitating an increase in VA. This was accomplished by increasing VT with reciprocal decreases in f so that VMIN remained constant. There was no change in Cdyn, RL, or AaDO2. Seven of these 13 calves were then exposed to intratracheal inoculation of 2 X 10(9) organisms of Pasteurella haemolytica, the remaining calves serving as controls. Within 1 hour, calves exposed to P haemolytica had increased VMIN, f, VD/VT, and VD. There was a decrease in PaO2 associated with increased AaDO2, but no change in PaCO2, Cdyn or RL. By 3 hours after inoculation, there were pronounced changes in PaO2 and AaDO2, and Cdyn was reduced below base-line values. By 12 hours after inoculation, calves infected with P haemolytica had increased RL and RRS and PaCO2, in addition to the previously mentioned changes. Data from Pasteurella-exposed calves indicate that gas exchange impairment and peripheral lung injury occur rapidly and that increases in airway resistance develop relatively late in the disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
On the Stability of Interval Type-2 TSK Fuzzy Logic Control Systems (2009)

Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have recently been utilized in many control processes due to their ability to model uncertainties. This paper proposes a novel inference mechanism for an interval type-2 Takagi-Sugeno-Kang fuzzy logic control system (IT2 TSK FLCS) when antecedents are type-2 fuzzy sets and consequents are crisp numbers (A2-C0). The proposed inference mechanism has a closed form which makes it more feasible to analyze the stability of this FLCS. This paper focuses on control applications for the following cases: 1) Both plant and controller use A2-C0 TSK models, and 2) the plant uses type-1 Takagi-Sugeno (TS) and the controller uses IT2 TS models. In both cases, sufficient stability conditions for the stability of the closed-loop system are derived. Furthermore, novel linear-matrix-inequality-based algorithms are developed for satisfying the stability conditions. Numerical analyses are included which validate the effectiveness of the new inference methods. Case studies reveal that an IT2 TS FLCS using the proposed inference engine clearly outperforms its type-1 TSK counterpart. Moreover, due to the simple nature of the proposed inference engine, it is easy to implement in real-time control systems. The methods presented in this paper lay the mathematical foundations for analyzing the stability and facilitating the design of stabilizing controllers of IT2 TSK FLCSs and IT2 TS FLCSs with significantly improved performance over type-1 approaches.
Crystal structure of Rnd3/RhoE: functional implications1 (2002)

The Rnd proteins constitute an exceptional subfamily within the Rho GTPase family. They possess extended chains at both termini and four prominent amino acid deviations causing GTPase deficiency. Herein, we report the crystal structure of the Rnd3/RhoE G-domain (amino acids 19-200) at 2.0 A resolution. This is the first GTP-structure of a Rho family member which reveals a similar fold but striking differences from RhoA concerning (i) GTPase center, (ii) charge distribution at several surface areas, (iii) C3-transferase binding site and (iv) interacting interfaces towards RhoA regulators and effectors.
Structural analysis by X-ray crystallography and calorimetry of a haemagglutinin component (HA1) of the progenitor toxin from Clostridium botulinum (2003)

Botulism food poisoning is caused primarily by ingestion of the Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT). The 1300 amino acid BoNT forms a progenitor toxin (PTX) that, when associated with a number of other proteins, increases its oral toxicity by protecting it from the low pH of the stomach and from intestinal proteases. One of these associated proteins, HA1, has also been suggested to be involved with internalization of the toxin into the bloodstream by binding to oligosaccharides lining the intestine. Here is reported the crystal structure of HA1 from type C Clostridium botulinum at a resolution of 1.7 Angstrom. The protein consists of two beta-trefoil domains and bears structural similarities to the lectin B-chain from the deadly plant toxin ricin. Based on structural comparison to the ricin B-chain lactose-binding sites, residues of type A HA1 were selected and mutated. The D263A and N285A mutants lost the ability to bind carbohydrates containing galactose moieties, implicating these residues in carbohydrate binding.
Comparative in vitro activities of selected antimicrobial agents against Aeromonas species and Plesiomonas shigelloides (1985)

The in vitro antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecal isolates of Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria, and Plesiomonas shigelloides were tested by agar dilution. This in vitro study suggested that ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, norfloxacin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole might be effective oral agents for treatment of diarrhea involving Aeromonas spp. or P. shigelloides.