gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Changes in TiO2 Dispersion on Its Measured Photocatalytic Activity (2004)

This paper reports measurements of photocatalytic oxidation of 2-propanol by dispersions of three different types (a high area rutile, a surface treated rutile, and, the mainly anatase, Degussa P25) of titanium dioxide in 2-propanol. For a fixed loading of any one type of TiO2, the particle dispersion was deliberately modified by milling the suspension to break down the clusters of individual crystals which are usually present in dispersions of all inorganic powders. Sedimentation analysis demonstrated that, as predicted, milling decreased the size of the TiO2 particles and this led to corresponding changes in the optical properties of their dispersions. Measurements of 2-propanol oxidation demonstrated that, for all three forms of titania, milling-times of 30 min led to an 80% decrease in the rate of acetone formation. We propose that the measured decrease is a consequence of the demonstrated increase in UV absorption associated with the reduction of particle size caused by milling. This increased absorption causes the UV flux incident on the catalyst slurry to be absorbed within a shorter path length, i.e., is absorbed by fewer crystals, say 1/F of the original number. Therefore, although the total number of charge-carriers generated by a fixed UV flux is constant, more (F times as many) charge-carriers/crystal are generated within a smaller number (1/F) of crystals. However, since electron−hole recombination statistics are bimolecular, if the photon absorption per crystal increases by some factor, F, the number of hydroxyl radicals generated in each crystal increases not by a factor F, but only by F0.5. Because the number of hydroxyl radicals generated, the number of radicals/crystal multiplied by the number of crystals, varies as F0.5 × (1/F) and the total hydroxyl radical generation rate varies as F-0.5. Since experimental measurements reflect the total rate of hydroxyl radical generation, the acetone production rate decreases as the UV absorption increases. This explanation of these counter-intuitive changes is relevant to all reactions carried out using semiconductor catalyst particles dispersed in a liquid. It is of special relevance to the many comparisons of the photoactivity of different types of TiO2.
EpsinR: an ENTH Domain-containing Protein that Interacts with AP-1 (2003)

We have used GST pulldowns from A431 cell cytosol to identify three new binding partners for the gamma-adaptin appendage: Snx9, ARF GAP1, and a novel ENTH domain-containing protein, epsinR. EpsinR is a highly conserved protein that colocalizes with AP-1 and is enriched in purified clathrin-coated vesicles. However, it does not require AP-1 to get onto membranes and remains membrane-associated in AP-1-deficient cells. Moreover, although epsinR binds AP-1 via its COOH-terminal domain, its NH(2)-terminal ENTH domain can be independently recruited onto membranes, both in vivo and in vitro. Brefeldin A causes epsinR to redistribute into the cytosol, and recruitment of the ENTH domain requires GTPgammaS, indicating that membrane association is ARF dependent. In protein-lipid overlay assays, the epsinR ENTH domain binds to PtdIns(4)P, suggesting a possible mechanism for ARF-dependent recruitment onto TGN membranes. When epsinR is depleted from cells by RNAi, cathepsin D is still correctly processed intracellularly to the mature form. This indicates that although epsinR is likely to be an important component of the AP-1 network, it is not necessary for the sorting of lysosomal enzymes.
Vulvar Pruritus: A Review of Clinical Associations, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Management (2021)

Vulvar pruritus is an unpleasant sensation and frequent symptom associated with many dermatologic conditions, including infectious, inflammatory and neoplastic dermatoses affecting the female genitalia. It can lead to serious impairment of quality of life, impacting sexual function, relationships, sleep and self-esteem. In this review, common conditions associated with vulvar itch are discussed including atopic and contact dermatitis, lichen sclerosus, psoriasis and infectious vulvovaginitis. We review the potential physiologic, environmental and infectious factors that contribute to the development of vulvar itch and emphasize the importance of addressing their complex interplay when managing this disruptive and challenging symptom.
Purification and Properties of Autolytic Endo- -N-acetylglucosaminidase and the N-Acetylmuramyl-L-alanine Amidase from Bacillus subtilis Strain 168 (1984)

β-N-Acetylglucosaminidase has been purified from the walls of Bacillus subtilis 168 and compared with the other known autolysin, N-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine amidase (amidase). The β-N-acetylglucosaminidase was a dimer in LiCl buffers with a sub-unit molecular weight of 90000 and a pH optimum of about 5·0. It was very sensitive to proteolytic enzymes and was critically activated by 0·1 to 0·2 m-LiCl. It was insoluble in concentrations of LiCl lower than 0·05 to 0·1 m. It was less strongly bound to walls than was the amidase, which was a monomer of molecular weight 30000 to 40000 in LiCl buffers. The βN-acetylglucosaminidase is an endoenzyme and showed no exo-activity. Lysozyme-like enzyme (muramidase) activity was undetectable in the wall extracts examined.
Dynamic Simulation of an Implemented Electrostatic Power Micro-Generator. (2005)

ISBN: 2-84813-0357-1
Data from CXCR2 Promotes Ovarian Cancer Growth through Dysregulated Cell Cycle, Diminished Apoptosis, and Enhanced Angiogenesis (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Chemokine receptor CXCR2 is associated with malignancy in several cancer models; however, the mechanisms involved in CXCR2-mediated tumor growth remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of CXCR2 in human ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CXCR2 expression was silenced by stable small hairpin RNA in ovarian cancer cell lines T29Gro-1, T29H, and SKOV3. Western blotting, immunofluorescence, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, flow cytometry, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and mouse assay were used to detect CXCR2, interleukin-8, Gro-1, cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA binding of NF-κB, and tumor growth. Immunohistochemical staining of CXCR2 was done in 240 high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Knockdown of CXCR2 expression by small hairpin RNA reduced tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer cells in nude mice. CXCR2 promoted cell cycle progression by modulating cell cycle regulatory proteins, including p21 (waf1/cip1), cyclin D1, CDK6, CDK4, cyclin A, and cyclin B1. CXCR2 inhibited cellular apoptosis by suppressing phosphorylated p53, Puma, and Bcl-xS; suppressing poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage; and activating Bcl-xL and Bcl-2. CXCR2 stimulated angiogenesis by increasing levels of vascular endothelial growth factor and decreasing levels of thrombospondin-1, a process likely involving mitogen-activated protein kinase, and NF-κB. Overexpression of CXCR2 in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas was an independent prognostic factor of poor overall survival (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) and of early relapse (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) in the univariate analysis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our data provide strong evidence that CXCR2 regulates the cell cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis through multiple signaling pathways, including mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-κB, in ovarian cancer. CXCR2 thus has potential as a therapeutic target and for use in ovarian cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Cancer Res; 16(15); 3875–86. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Induced pluripotent stem cell: A headway in reprogramming with promising approach in regenerative biology (2017)

Since the embryonic stem cells have knocked the doorsteps, they have proved themselves in the field of science, research, and medicines, but the hovered restrictions confine their application in human welfare. Alternate approaches used to reprogram the cells to the pluripotent state were not up to par, but the innovation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) paved a new hope for the researchers. Soon after the discovery, iPSCs technology is undergoing renaissance day by day, i.e., from the use of genetic material to recombinant proteins and now only chemicals are employed to convert somatic cells to iPSCs. Thus, this technique is moving straightforward and productive at an astonishing pace. Here, we provide a brief introduction to iPSCs, the mechanism and methods for their generation, their prevailing and prospective applications and the future opportunities that can be expected from them.
Network Selection Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Environment (2007)

Service delivery in a heterogeneous wireless environment requires the selection of an optimal radio access network. In order that users could be always connected through the optimal network, it is necessary to develop an adequate model for its selection. This paper presents the proposal of optimal network selection algorithm in wireless heterogeneous environment that is based on TOPSIS method when solving the multicriteria analysis. The wireless networks in this model represent the alternatives, while the network parameters (available bandwidth, quality of service level, security level, data transfer cost) are considered as the criteria for determining the optimal network.
Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia in children survival and prognostic factors (1983)

The survival and the prognostic significance of the diagnostic characteristics of 39 children with Philadelphia chromosome-positive chronic myelocytic leukemia (Ph1-positive CML), seen between 1963-1976 at the Hôpital Saint-Louis of Paris, have been analyzed. The disease predominated in children older than age 4 years (95%), with girls being more affected than boys (24 versus 15). The clinical and hematological picture at presentation was similar to that observed in adults with Ph1-positive CML. Most children of this series were treated with busulfan which, as in adults, led to reduction of leucocytosis and organomegaly but did not prevent the occurrence of blastic crisis. Well-documented blastic crisis was observed in 78% of cases. Of 39 children, 12 were still alive, all in the chronic phase. Twenty-seven have died, 21 of them after blastic crisis, 4-156 months after diagnosis (median survival, 53 months). The effect of each diagnostic characteristic on survival was evaluated using the log-rank test. Of the 14 characteristics studied, only the degree of blood and marrow blastosis was associated with a shorter survival. Age, sex, bleeding, lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, degree of splenomegaly, hemoglobin level, total leucocyte, immature granulocyte (promyelocytes + myelocytes + metamyelocytes), eosinophil, basophil, and platelet counts in the peripheral blood were of no prognostic significance. The failure to attain a level of statistical significance for some characteristics found to be of prognostic value for adults, could be due to the small sample size and/or to the disease homogeneity. The results of this study, however, stress the importance of the initial blastic infiltration in determining the duration of survival, which is ultimately determined by the occurrence of terminal acute leukemia. In conclusion, this study shows that the Ph1-positive CML of childhood exhibits the same course, incidence of blastic crisis, and survival as the disease of adults. It also indicates that treatment with moderate chemotherapy, such as busulfan, has no effect on the duration of survival. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed for the treatment of this disorder in children.
Peritoneal mesothelioma in a woman who has survived for seven years: a case report (2011)

This patient's long survival may be attributable to a combination of factors, including minimal disease, complete cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy plus the estrogen receptor β positivity of the tumor.
Analysis model for peak load regulation capacity of power system with multi-energy resources involved in system regulation (2017)

The most fundamental difference between wind power and conventional energy is that the wind power has following characteristics: intermittent, volatility and lack of schedulability. As a result, when large-scale wind power introduces in energy system, it will have a great impact on the peak load regulation capacity and the stability of power system. In order to making up the randomness and volatility of the wind power, the energy system has to arrange conventional units to make compensation for it. And the power system's accommodation capacity of wind power depends on the capacity and ability of comprehensively coordinating adequacy resources in the whole power system. Based on deep analysis of key factors influencing accommodation capability of wind power, this paper presents an analysis model comprehensively considers that increasing the capacity of hydroelectric units and the peak load regulation capacity of heat-supply units, building transmission line to send the wind power out and strengthening the demand side response to consume more wind power. This model considers the characteristics of various power generations and such constrains as the balance of power load and system reserve. The auxiliary effect of transmission line and the demand side response are also taken into account. This model takes the minimum system operation cost as objective function to arrange all kinds of power units, then making a deep analysis of the peak load regulation capacity of the energy system. Test system was used to verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed models and algorithm and the results of this paper may provide some suggestions for the energy internet.
Alloy identification device (2023)

An electrochemical metal alloy identification device employing electrolytes to measure and identify different potentials of alloys is presented. This includes physical structure, disposables, electrical systems, control circuitry, and algorithms to identify alloys.
Literatura e conhecimento: Enciclopédia da Estória Universal, de Afonso Cruz (2015)

Enciclopédia da Estória Universal, que recebeu o Grande Prémio de Conto Camilo Castelo Branco (Câmara Municipal de Vila Nova de Famalicão/APE), é o título de uma obra singular que Afonso Cruz (1971) publicou em 2009, e que iniciou uma série a que o autor juntou já dois volumes, subintitulados Recolha de Alexandria (2012) e Arquivos de Dresner (2013). O título, através do lexema “estória”, marca imediatamente o caráter especial desta “enciclopédia”, que escapa a qualquer definição única de género do discurso. Neste artigo procuraremos demonstrar de que modo o discurso literário desta Enciclopédia se alimenta de discursos (da filosofia, da história, da antropologia, etc.) que visam quer o conhecimento do ser humano e do mundo, quer a educação para a cidadania. Estes volumes, de conteúdo interdisciplinar, apelam para a curiosidade e a sensibilidade, valorizam a responsabilidade individual e coletiva, desenvolvem a capacidade de ler o mundo através de linguagens múltiplas e alternativas. Correspondendo aos princípios oficiais que regem a organização da prática pedagógica nas instituições de ensino básico, secundário e superior, esta Enciclopédia pode ser uma boa fonte de leitura e reflexão em qualquer instituição de ensino.
Sensing margin trend with technology scaling in MRAM (2010)

Abstract Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) is a leading candidate for future memory applications because it may provide compelling advantages by combining desirable attributes of SRAM, DRAM, and Flash. Process technology has recently scaled down to the nano‐meter regime, which accordingly has resulted in lowering supply voltage, increasing short channel effect, and rapidly increasing process variation. MRAM is also affected by technology scaling, which significantly reduces the sensing margin. In this paper, several circuit design parameters, such as supply voltage, transistor size, and transistor gate voltage in the sensing circuit, are evaluated to discover the root causes of reduced sensing margin with technology scaling. The lowered supply voltage and lowered output resistance of the transistor, which occurs with technology scaling, are verified as the root causes of reduced sensing margin. It is also shown that increased process variation due to technology scaling aggravates the problem. A high supply voltage with power gating combined with optimized transistor size and gate voltage, and a power gating scheme using an IO device with an IO voltage are suggested as effective design solutions for reliably increasing the sensing margin in the presence of process variation. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
P013 The fall of estrogen receptors expression in long-lasting ulcerative-associated carcinoma (2013)

Background: There are complex and various causes in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Stressful condition has reported aggravation or reactivation of inflammatory bowel disease. Thus, we tried to investigate the effect of stress caused by sleep deprivation (SD) on DSS induced colitis model. Also, we designed to evaluate the mechanism of melatonin on such condition by gene expression after melatonin treatment. Methods: We used the 5 groups of C57BL/6 mice. Group I: control, Group II: 2% DSS induced colitis for 7days, Group III: 2% DSS induced colitis and melatonin treatment, Group IV: 2% DSS induced colitis with sleep deprivation (SD, 20hr/d) and Group V: 2% DSS induced colitis with SD and melatonin treatment. Specially designed modified multiple platform water baths for sleep deprivation were used. Melatonin (10 mg/kg) or saline was injected daily by intraperitoneal route. The mice were sacrificed after finishing administration of melatonin or saline for 4 days. We checked body weight and stool color daily. Degree of colitis was evaluated after H&E stain. Also proinflammatory cytokines from serum were checked using Bio-Plex Pro Mouse Cytokine assay kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). RNA was isolated from the colon of mice in each group and collected to analyze by microarray and ontology. We confirmed significant changes of expression of important genes by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining. Results: Sleep deprivation worsens body weight reduction of mice and exacerbate the severity of colonic inflammation. Administration of melatonin reduced the rate of weight loss and severity of mucosa injury compared with saline injection group. Increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma was significantly reduced with melatonin supplementation. About 68 genes were significantly changed by 2% DSS, sleep deprivation and melatonin in microarray. In real time PCR there are significant change of adipoq and Aqp8 gene, which are related with adiponectin and aqaoporin-8 protein.
Non-Destructive Testing of Moisture and Nitrogen Content in Pinus Massoniana Seedling Leaves with NIRS Based on MS-SC-CNN (2021)

Pinus massoniana is a pioneer reforestation tree species in China. It is crucial to evaluate the seedling vigor of Pinus massoniana for reforestation work, and leaf moisture and nitrogen content are key factors used to achieve it. In this paper, we proposed a non-destructive testing method based on the multi-scale short cut convolutional neural network (MS-SC-CNN) to measure moisture and nitrogen content in leaves of Pinus massoniana seedlings. By designing a reasonable short cut structure, the method realized the transmission of loss function gradient across the multi-layer structure in the network and reduced the information loss caused by the multi-layer transmission in the forward propagation. Meanwhile, in the back propagation stage, the loss caused by the multi-layer transmission of gradient was reduced. Thus, the gradient vanishing problem in training was avoided. Since the method realized cross-layer transmission error, the convolutional layer could be increased appropriately to obtain higher measurement accuracy. To verify the performance of the proposed MS-SC-CNN non-destructive measurement method, the near-infrared hyperspectral data of sample leaves of 219 Pinus massoniana seedlings were collected from the Huangping Forest Farm in Guizhou Province. The correlation coefficient between the measured and real values of the prediction was as high as 0.977 and the root mean square error was 0.242 for the moisture content of Pinus massoniana seedling leaves. For the nitrogen content of Pinus massoniana seedling leaves, the correlation coefficient between the measured and real values of the prediction was 0.906 and the root-mean-square error was 0.061. The results showed that the non-destructive testing method based on MS-SC-CNN that we proposed can accurately measure the moisture and nitrogen content in leaves of Pinus massoniana seedlings.
Boosting Adversarial Training with Hypersphere Embedding (2020)

Adversarial training (AT) is one of the most effective defenses against adversarial attacks for deep learning models. In this work, we advocate incorporating the hypersphere embedding (HE) mechanism into the AT procedure by regularizing the features onto compact manifolds, which constitutes a lightweight yet effective module to blend in the strength of representation learning. Our extensive analyses reveal that AT and HE are well coupled to benefit the robustness of the adversarially trained models from several aspects. We validate the effectiveness and adaptability of HE by embedding it into the popular AT frameworks including PGD-AT, ALP, and TRADES, as well as the FreeAT and FastAT strategies. In the experiments, we evaluate our methods under a wide range of adversarial attacks on the CIFAR-10 and ImageNet datasets, which verifies that integrating HE can consistently enhance the model robustness for each AT framework with little extra computation.
Improved performance of students instructed in a hybrid PBL format (2013)

As a result of enrollment expansion, increasing numbers of students are entering into medical school in China. This combined with a shortage of teachers, means that the learning environment typically consists of a large classroom setting with traditional lecture-based learning (LBL) as the major mode to teaching and learning. In this article, we investigate the preferences for hybrid problem-based learning (hybrid-PBL) or LBL in a large classroom setting. Two hundred five second-year undergraduate students in Third Military Medical University were randomly divided to two groups. The hybrid-PBL group contained 101 students and was taught by hybrid LBL (60%) and tutor-less PBL(40%) in a large classroom. The LBL group consisted of 104 students and was taught by LBL in a large classroom too. Post-teaching performance was assessed by multiple choice questions, short-essay questions, and case-analysis questions, while the students' teaching preferences and satisfaction were assessed by questionnaires. Analysis of the results of both groups in the examination of biochemistry revealed significantly higher scores on short-essay questions and case-analysis questions in the hybrid-PBL group. Students considered hybrid-PBL to be an effective learning method and favored it over the lecture format. Furthermore, students reported positive effects of hybrid-PBL in terms of additional learning resources, critical thinking, and fun learning experiences. These results suggest that hybrid-PBL is better than the traditional LBL method at improving students' basic knowledge and problem-solving skills. Students preferred hybrid-PBL and were satisfied with it. The tutor-less PBL pattern in a large classroom setting may be feasible in Chinese medical schools.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ACTIVITY OF NOVEL NITROPYRAZINES FOR USE AS HYPOXIC CELL RADIOSENSITIZERS (1985)

Abstract Gemäß Formelschema erhält man die Verbindungen (III), (IV), (VIIIc) und (VIIId), die als "radiosensitizer" geprüft werden.