gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computer Control of Multijointed Finger System for Precise Object-Handling (1982)

The computer control of a multijointed finger system is discussed. First, an overall view of the system is given, and the optimum operational direction of the fingers for manual tasks from their motional structure is determined. Primitive programs prepared for this system also are described. Second, the cooperative motion of two fingers is analyzed and control procedures are constructed for the fingers for locating objects at a desired position and in a desired orientation precisely under the condition such that each fingertip is considered globe-shaped. The cooperative motion of two fingers generating simultaneous finger operations is studied only in a situation in which the relative positions of the fingers and the grasped object are kept the same as those in the initial state. Third, the programming of several manual tasks is discussed, and experimental results are presented which verify the success made toward the programmable automation of manual tasks by multijointed fingers.
A genome‐wide association study identifies novel players in Na and Fe homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana under alkaline‐salinity stress (2022)

In nature, multiple stress factors occur simultaneously. The screening of natural diversity panels and subsequent Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) is a powerful approach to identify genetic components of various stress responses. Here, the nutritional status variation of a set of 270 natural accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana grown on a natural saline-carbonated soil is evaluated. We report significant natural variation on leaf Na (LNa) and Fe (LFe) concentrations in the studied accessions. Allelic variation in the NINJA and YUC8 genes is associated with LNa diversity, and variation in the ALA3 is associated with LFe diversity. The allelic variation detected in these three genes leads to changes in their mRNA expression and correlates with plant differential growth performance when plants are exposed to alkaline salinity treatment under hydroponic conditions. We propose that YUC8 and NINJA expression patters regulate auxin and jasmonic signaling pathways affecting plant tolerance to alkaline salinity. Finally, we describe an impairment in growth and leaf Fe acquisition associated with differences in root expression of ALA3, encoding a phospholipid translocase active in plasma membrane and the trans Golgi network which directly interacts with proteins essential for the trafficking of PIN auxin transporters, reinforcing the role of phytohormonal processes in regulating ion homeostasis under alkaline salinity.
Light source with light emitting diodes. Determination of limited frequencies and of the crest factor of illuminance meters and luminance meters (1989)

The checking of illuminance meters and luminance meters, following the recommendations issued by the International Commission of Illumination as to their frequency effects and their crest factor requires the use of a modulated luminous beam. A light source with light emitting diodes is suggested to carry out this check. It emits light sinusoidally modulated (frequency: from 10 Hz to 32 kHz) or in pulses of variable width (frequency: 100 Hz; duty cycle: 1/16 to 16/16) modulated in a constant average luminous flux, thanks to an electronic supply with logging control.
Mammalian Sex Chromosome Evolution (2013)

Abstract Although they are highly dissimilar in sequence content in extant organisms, the mammalian sex chromosomes (i.e. the X and Y) evolved from a pair of autosomes. Differentiation of the sex chromosomes during evolution was initiated by the suppression of X–Y recombination, likely through changes in genomic structure. This was followed by the degeneration of genes on the Y chromosome, with specific instances of gene specialisation on the nonrecombining portion of the Y. Findings of evolutionary ‘strata’ on the sex chromosomes of mammals suggest that multiple events have given rise to the current arrangement of genes on the X and Y chromosomes of mammals. However, new studies utilising more divergent genomic data are challenging conclusions regarding the number and frequency of events that led to the current arrangement of mammalian sex chromosomes, and future studies with complete genomic sequences of marsupials will continue to further our understanding of the evolution of these critical chromosomes. Key Concepts: Mammalian sex chromosomes arose from a pair of autosomes. Genomic rearrangements repressed recombination in a stepwise fashion on these chromosomes. Genes on these chromosomes diverged due to a combination of forces, including sexual antagonism and removal of deleterious mutations. Chromosomal studies outside placental mammals continue to contribute to our understanding of mammalian sex chromosome evolution. Groups of genes on sex chromosomes with similar evolutionary origins are called gene ‘strata’ and exist on both the X and Y chromosomes in the nonrecombining regions.
Gene Therapy Prolongs Survival and Restores Function in Murine and Canine Models of Myotubular Myopathy (2014)

Loss-of-function mutations in the myotubularin gene (MTM1) cause X-linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM), a fatal, congenital pediatric disease that affects the entire skeletal musculature. Systemic administration of a single dose of a recombinant serotype 8 adeno-associated virus (AAV8) vector expressing murine myotubularin to Mtm1-deficient knockout mice at the onset or at late stages of the disease resulted in robust improvement in motor activity and contractile force, corrected muscle pathology, and prolonged survival throughout a 6-month study. Similarly, single-dose intravascular delivery of a canine AAV8-MTM1 vector in XLMTM dogs markedly improved severe muscle weakness and respiratory impairment, and prolonged life span to more than 1 year in the absence of toxicity or a humoral or cell-mediated immune response. These results demonstrate the therapeutic efficacy of AAV-mediated gene therapy for myotubular myopathy in small- and large-animal models, and provide proof of concept for future clinical trials in XLMTM patients.
Imaging of Patients with Suspected Large-Vessel Occlusion at Primary Stroke Centers: Available Modalities and a Suggested Approach (2019)

The overwhelming benefit of endovascular therapy in patients with large-vessel occlusions suggests that more patients will be screened than treated. Some of those patients will be evaluated first at primary stroke centers; this type of evaluation calls for standardizing the imaging approach to minimize delays in assessing, transferring, and treating these patients. Here, we propose that CT angiography (performed at the same time as head CT) should be the minimum imaging approach for all patients with stroke with suspected large-vessel occlusion presenting to primary stroke centers. We discuss some of the implications of this approach and how to facilitate them.
Basiswissen Statistik (2007)

Diese Einführung in die Statistik konzentriert sich auf eine kurze Behandlung der wichtigsten Grundlagen der Statistik und der Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnung. Das Ziel ist es, den Stoff möglichst klar und verständlich darzustellen. Viele Beispiele und Plausibilitätsbetrachtungen sollen zum besseren Verständnis beitragen. Zur Vertiefung des Stoffes gibt es am Ende eines jeden Kapitels zahlreiche Übungsaufgaben, deren Lösungen sich hinten im Buch befinden. Das Buch wendet sich an diejenigen Studierenden, die während ihres Studiums nur wenig Vorlesungen über Statistik und Wahrscheinlichkeitsrechnungen hören müssen.
A test structure for monitoring micro-loading effect of MOSFET gate length (2002)

The etch rate is strongly sensitive to the pattern density on the wafer surface:micro-loading effect. Etch rate data should therefore be obtained from monitoring wafers with a pattern density similar to that of product wafers. This paper presents the test structures which easily incorporate the micro-loading effect of a MOSFET gate length into electrical measurement. Experimental results and analysis shows that the micro-loading effect of gate length depends solely on etch rate problem rather than photolithographic issues.
Transient Port Parameter Extraction for Analysis of Coupled Linear EM and Nonlinear Devices (2022)

The ability to extract temporal port parameters from the interface between a coupled EM-device system is highly desirable for a number of applications, particularly in high-frequency systems involving strongly nonlinear devices. Among the manifold advantages are computational benefits, reuse of port parameters to incorporate any device, and potential integration with other physical models. While port extraction methods are commonplace in Fourier methods, constructing them in time domain was, until recently, untenable. The objective of this paper is to construct and validate a general transient port extraction method that is flexible to device models and can stably evaluate complex nonlinear systems. We present a number of numerical results that validate the method and demonstrate the proposed benefits.
Using head-mounted eye tracking to examine visual and manual exploration during naturalistic toy play in children with and without autism spectrum disorder (2021)

Multimodal exploration of objects during toy play is important for a child's development and is suggested to be abnormal in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to either atypical attention or atypical action. However, little is known about how children with ASD coordinate their visual attention and manual actions during toy play. The current study aims to understand if and in what ways children with ASD generate exploratory behaviors to toys in natural, unconstrained contexts by utilizing head-mounted eye tracking to quantify moment-by-moment attention. We found no differences in how 24- to 48-mo children with and without ASD distribute their visual attention, generate manual action, or coordinate their visual and manual behaviors during toy play with a parent. Our findings suggest an intact ability and willingness of children with ASD to explore toys and suggest that context is important when studying child behavior.
MITRE: Seven Systems for Semantic Similarity in Tweets (2015)

This paper describes MITRE's participation in the Paraphrase and Semantic Similarity in Twitter task (SemEval-2015 Task 1). This effort placed first in Semantic Similarity and second in Paraphrase Identification with scores of Pearson's r of 61.9%, F1 of 66.7%, and maxF1 of 72.4%. We detail the approaches we explored including mixtures of string matching metrics, alignments using tweet-specific distributed word representations, recurrent neural networks for modeling similarity with those alignments, and distance measurements on pooled latent semantic features. Logistic regression is used to tie the systems together into the ensembles submitted for evaluation.
Factors Affecting Agrobacterium-mediated Transformation of Common Bean (1997)

Factors influencing Agrobacterium tumefaciens -mediated transformation of common beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were examined using an intron-containing β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene as a reporter system to develop a repeatable transformation protocol. Tissue culture procedures used were based on direct shoot organogenesis. Two A. tumefaciens strains—A2760 and EHA105—were used, with emphasis on the former due to its overall higher infection rate. Eleven common-bean genotypes were compared for susceptibility to strain A2760 or EHA105. The pinto bean `Othello' was used extensively in testing different transformation conditions. Factors significantly affecting transformation rate were Agrobacterium × host interactions, explant maturity, preculture and cocultivation conditions, and selection schemes, based on transient GUS gene expression. The best transformation conditions were the use of susceptible genotypes and explants derived from mature seeds, preconditioning of explants in a medium containing 20 μmol of benzyladenine (BA) in darkness or on a filter paper, dipping explants in high concentrations of Agrobacterium cell suspension (OD 650 = 0.8-1.0) followed by a long-term (6-day) cocultivation period on a semisolid agar medium in the presence of cytokinin or 3-day cocultivation on a moistened filter paper, and the use of lethal levels of selective agents. About 4% of explants, or 14% of regenerated shoots or buds, were putatively transgenic, as indicated by GUS blue staining throughout the entire shoot or bud, after explants were transformed with Agrobacterium strain A2760 using an optimized protocol.
Single-Inductor Multiple-Output DC-DC Converter with Negative Feedback Selection Circuit (2011)

This paper presents a Single-Inductor Multiple-Output (SIMO) DC-DC Converter with a negative feedback selection circuit to improve a regulation property at light load and to generate independent multiple outputs. The conventional SIMO DC-DC converter with a fixed negative feedback circuit cannot regulate correctly at light load. The SIMO DC-DC converter with the proposed negative feedback selection circuit has been designed in 0.35um 2-poly 3-metal BCDMOS. This converter is dual output boost converter with the 1.5V input and 2.5V, 3.0V output. The power conversion efficiency varies from 59% at 10mA loads to 85% at 50mA loads.
Diagnostic Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in Simultaneous 18F-FDG PET/MR Imaging for Whole-Body Staging of Women with Pelvic Malignancies (2014)

DWI in PET/MR imaging has no diagnostic benefit for whole-body staging of women with pelvic malignancies. The omission of DWI for staging or restaging gynecologic cancer may significantly reduce examination times, thus increasing patient comfort without a relevant decrease in diagnostic competence.
Main key points for developing environmental friendly solid state cooling system based on the elastocaloric effect in rubber (2019)

International audience
Enantionselektive Synthese des L‐Threonins (1987)

An Enantionselective Synthesis of L‐Threonine An enantioselective synthesis of L‐threonine ( 1 ) is described. Racemic ethyl 2‐acetamido‐3‐oxobutyrate ( 6 ) was synthesized from ethyl acetoacetate ( 2 ) [4][5] and then transformed to the epimeric optically active alcohols 7a and 7b by microbiological reduction with Saccharomyces rouxii . The Mixture 7a/7b could be converted to 1 by slightly modified, known Methods in a yield of ca. 52% with respect to 7a/7b .
Preface (2011)

In this article, we review the literature studying interactions between climate change and financial markets. We first discuss various approaches to incorporating climate risk in macrofinance models. We then review the empirical literature that explores ...Read More
Comparison of highly-fluorinated chloroformates as direct aqueous sample derivatizing agents for hydrophilic analytes and drinking-water disinfection by-products (2005)

Four highly-fluorinated alkyl and aryl chloroformates, including 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro-1-pentyl chloroformate (OFPCF), 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl chloroformate (PFBCF), 3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-tridecafluoro-1-octyl chloroformate (TDFOCF), and 2-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenoxy)-ethyl chloroformate (PFPECF), were synthesized and tested as reagents for the direct water derivatization of polar and hydrophilic analytes. The goal of this research was to develop an optimal derivatizing agent to aid in the identification of highly polar ozonation drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs) that are believed to be missed with current analytical procedures. The chemical properties (reactivity, selectivity, derivatization products, and their chromatographic and spectral features) for the four chloroformates were investigated using a set of highly polar standard analytes, including malic and tartaric acids, hydroxylamine, valine, 2-aminoethanol, resorcinol, 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene, and 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Upon derivatization, the analytes were extracted from the aqueous solvent and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry (MS) in the electron capture negative ionization (ECNI) mode. Positive chemical ionization (PCI)-MS was used for confirmation of molecular ions that were weak or absent in ECNI mass spectra. Of the four derivatizing reagents tested, OFPCF showed the best performance, with good reaction efficiency, good chromatographic and spectroscopic properties, low detection limits (10-100 fmol), and a linear response more than two orders of magnitude. Further, the entire procedure from raw aqueous sample to ready-to-inject hexane solutions of the derivatives requires less than 10 min. PFBCF showed ideal applicability for derivatizing aminoalcohols and aminoacids. The two chloroformates with the highest intrinsic stability (TDFOCF and PFPECF) failed to derivatize some of the analytes. Finally, the OFPCF derivatizing agent was tested with simulated ozonated drinking water (aqueous fulvic acid treated with ozone), and three highly polar reaction by-products were determined.
Basis for a New Procedure To Eliminate Diarrheic Shellfish Toxins from a Contaminated Matrix (2001)

The natural contamination of shellfish with diarrheic shellfish toxins (DSP) has important public health implications. To avoid the economic effects of toxic episodes on shellfish farmers and the related industry, research on artificial methods alternative to the natural detoxification of shellfish is needed. Because the usual thermal processes are not efficient, alternative technologies have to be studied. Here preliminary results are presented about the lability of the DSP toxin okadaic acid in a supercritical atmosphere of carbon dioxide with acetic acid. Most of the toxin is eliminated (up to 90%), and the biological activity against its target enzyme is also severely affected (up to 70% reduction). Detoxification of contaminated shellfish requires a partial dehydration, and the detoxification yield is lower than that obtained with free toxin. Mass spectrometry experiments suggest that acetylation of the toxin molecule is not the basis of the inactivating mechanism, but a conformational change is suggested. This is the first report of the use of supercritical fluids to inactivate toxins.
Isolation and Characterization of Flavonol Glycosides from Leaves Extract of Lupinus arboreus Sims (2016)

We planned to isolate the active constituents from methanol extract of Lupinus arboreus leaves. The crude methanol extract (CME) was fractionated into hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol fractions. The fractions were isolated from silica gel column chromatography, which were eluted with gradient mixtures. The isolated fractions were characterized by using flavonoid screening, IR, UV and NMR spectral analyses. The result of the phytochemical analysis and chromatography of the ethyl acetate fraction over silica gel lead to the isolation of a flavonol glycosides, and identified as tetrahydroxyflavone-3α-rhamnoside. Bioactivity-guided result indicated tetrahydroxyflavone-3α-rhamnoside and imparts anti-inflammatory compound in this plant.
Multimodal summarization of complex sentences (2011)

In this paper, we introduce the idea of automatically illustrating complex sentences as multimodal summaries that combine pictures, structure and simplified compressed text. By including text and structure in addition to pictures, multimodal summaries provide additional clues of what happened, who did it, to whom and how, to people who may have difficulty reading or who are looking to skim quickly. We present ROC-MMS, a system for automatically creating multimodal summaries (MMS) of complex sentences by generating pictures, textual summaries and structure. We show that pictures alone are insufficient to help people understand most sentences, especially for readers who are unfamiliar with the domain. An evaluation of ROC-MMS in the Wikipedia domain illustrates both the promise and challenge of automatically creating multimodal summaries.
A single stage integrated bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC converter for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (2011)

The add-on battery pack in plug-in hybrid electric vehicles can be charged from an AC outlet, feed power back to the grid, provide power for electric traction, and capture regenerative energy when braking. Conventionally, three-stage bidirectional converter interfaces are used to fulfil these functions. In this paper, a single stage integrated converter is proposed based on direct AC/DC conversion theory. The proposed converter eliminates the full bridge rectifier, reduces the number of semiconductor switches and high current inductors, and improves the conversion efficiency.
FLASH-seq UMI protocol v2 (2022)

The single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) field has evolved tremendously since the first paper was published back in 2009. While the first methods analysed just a handful of cells, the throughput and performance rapidly increased over a very short timespan. However, it was not until the introduction of emulsion droplets methods, that the robust and reproducible analysis of thousands of cells became feasible. Despite generating data at a speed and a cost per cell that remains unmatched by full-length protocols like Smart-seq, scRNA-seq in droplets still comes with the drawback of addressing only the terminal portion of the transcripts, thus lacking the required sensitivity for comprehensively analyzing the transcriptome of individual cells. Building upon the existing Smart-seq2/3 workflows, we developed FLASH-seq (FS), a new full-length scRNA-seq method capable of detecting a significantly higher number of genes than both previous versions, requiring limited hands-on time and with a great potential for customization.
Physically-constrained multi-frame blind deconvolution (2013)

We propose a set of statistical constraints for the problem of imaging through atmospheric turbulence. The constraints, in the form of probability density functions or log-likelihoods, describe image variability in three domains: focal plane, pupil plane or Fourier plane. The constraints are incorporated in the maximum a posteriori framework.
Two‐dimensional capillary electrophoresis: Capillary isoelectric focusing and capillary zone electrophoresis with laser‐induced fluorescence detection (2010)

CIEF and CZE are coupled with LIF detection to create an ultrasensitive 2-D separation method for proteins. In this method, two capillaries are joined through a buffer-filled interface. Separate power supplies control the potential at the injection end of the first capillary and at the interface; the detector is held at ground potential. Proteins are labeled with the fluorogenic reagent Chromeo P503, which preserves the isoelectric point of the labeled protein. The labeled proteins were mixed with ampholytes and injected into the first-dimension capillary. A focusing step was performed with the injection end of the capillary at high pH and the interface at low pH. To mobilize components, the interface was filled with a high pH buffer, which was compatible with the second-dimension separation. A fraction was transferred to the second-dimension capillary for separation. The process of fraction transfer and second dimension separation was repeated two dozen times. The separation produced a spot capacity of 125.