gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field test around Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant site using improved Ce:Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 scintillator Compton camera mounted on an unmanned helicopter (2016)

An improved light-weight Compton camera exhibiting low power consumption was developed to be mountable on an unmanned helicopter to detect cesium radiation hot spots and confirm the decontamination effect of cesium-affected areas. An increase in the Ce:Gd3(Al,Ga)5O12 scintillator array from 4 × 4 to 8 × 8 and expansion of the interlayer distance enhanced the detection efficiency and angular resolution, respectively. Measurements were performed over the Ukedo riverbed in Namie, Fukushima Prefecture (Japan). The helicopter's flight path and speed were pre-programmed to lines interspaced by 5 and 10 m intervals and 1 m/s, respectively, facilitating measurements over areas of 65 × 60 m2 and 65 × 180 m2 at a height of 10 m for approximately 20 and 30 min, respectively. Results provided accurate ambient dose equivalent rate maps at a height of 1 m with an angular resolution corresponding to a position resolution of approximately 10 m from a height of 10 m. Hovering flights were executed over hot-spot areas for 10–20 min at a height of 5–20 m. Gamma-ray images of these hot spots were obtained using a reconstruction software. Comparison between position-shifted measurement results showed that the angular resolution coincided with that evaluated in the laboratory (approximately 10°).
Seed Coat Structural Differences that Influence Water Uptake and Seed Quality in Hard Seed Cotton1 (1959)

Synopsis Water enters the seed by an opening in the palisade layer at the chalazal end. In hard seed this opening is made impervious by a chalazal cap and a seal between the cap and the palisade layer. In water at 80° C. the cap and seal become permeable, water enters and the palisade layer swells. Water entering through seed coat breaks has a similar effect on the palisade layer adjoining the chalazal cap.
Graph-Structured Multi-task Regression and an Efficient Optimization Method for General Fused Lasso Manuscript (2018)

We consider the problem of learning a structured multi-task regression, where the output consists of multiple responses that are related by a graph and the correlated response variables are dependent on the common inputs in a sparse but synergistic manner. Previous methods such as l1/l2 -regularized multi-task regression assume that all of the output variables are equally related to the inputs, although in many real-world problems, outputs are related in a complex manner. In this paper, we propose graph-guided fused lasso (GFlasso) for structured multi-task regression that exploits the graph structure over the output variables. We introduce a novel penalty function based on fusion penalty to encourage highly correlated outputs to share a common set of relevant inputs. In addition, we propose a simple yet efficient proximal-gradient method for optimizing GFlasso that can also be applied to any optimization problems with a convex smooth loss and the general class of fusion penalty defined on arbitrary graph structures. By exploiting the structure of the non-smooth “fusion penalty”, our method achieves a faster convergence rate than the standard first-order method, sub-gradient method, and is significantly more scalable than the widely adopted second-order cone-programming and quadratic-programming formulations. In addition, we provide an analysis of the consistency property of the GFlasso model. Experimental results not only demonstrate the superiority of GFlasso over the standard lasso but also show the efficiency and scalability of our proximal-gradient method.
2048-like games for teaching reinforcement learning (2020)

2048-like games are a family of single-player stochastic puzzle games, which consist of sliding numbered-tiles that combine to form tiles with larger numbers. Notable examples of games in this family include Threes!, 2048, and 2584. 2048-like games are highly suitable for educational purposes due t o their simplicity and popularity. Numerous machine learning methods have been proposed to play 2048-like games; the application of these techniques can help students gain first-hand experience in implementing machine learning algorithms. This paper proposes a guideline for using 2048-like games for teaching reinforcement learning and computer game algorithms, while also summarizing our experience of using 2584 and Threes! as pedagogical tools that were well received judging by student feedback in two graduate level courses.
Cache Filter Method Based on DRAM Access Frequency to Improve System Performance (2015)

Spatial and temporal localities used in keeping references in cache is limited by the behavior of applications. Many applications that lack these localities, and have high frequency of use of accesses results in a degradation of system performance under the conventional cache design. The proposed method, tracks most frequently used references by dynamically monitoring the accesses to main memory and allows them to be in the cache while rejecting less frequently used accesses. This reduces eviction rate and thereby improves the overall performance.
Manganese‐Induced Parkinsonism and Parkinson's Disease (2004)

It has long been appreciated that manganese exposure can cause neurotoxicity and a neurologic syndrome that resembles Parkinson's disease (PD). Current evidence indicates that manganese-induced parkinsonism can be differentiated from PD because of its predilection to accumulate in and damage the pallidum and striatum rather than the SNc. The clinical syndrome, response to levodopa, imaging studies with MRI and PET, and pathologic features all help to distinguish these two conditions and permit the correct diagnosis to be established. This is of particular relevance in differentiating patients with parkinsonism due to manganese intoxication from patients with idiopathic PD who have incidental manganese exposure.
Immersion lens microscopy of photonic nanostructures and quantum dots (2002)

We describe recent experimental and theoretical advances in immersion lens microscopy for, both surface and subsurface imaging as applied to photonic nanostructures. We examine in detail the ability of sharp metal tips to enhance local optical fields for nanometer resolution microscopy and spectroscopy. Finally, we describe a new approach to nano-optics, that of combining solid immersion microscopy with tip-enhanced focusing and show how such an approach may lead to 20-nm resolution with unity throughput.
A scalable high-performance active network node (1999)

Active networking in environments built to support link rates up to several gigabits per second poses many challenges. One such challenge is that the memory bandwidth and individual processing power of the router's microprocessors limit the total available processing power of a router. In this article we identify and describe three components, which promise a high-performance active network solution. This implements the key features typical to active networking, such as automatic protocol deployment and application specific processing, and it is suitable for a gigabit environment. First, we describe the hardware of the active network node (ANN), a scalable high-performance platform based on off-the-shelf CPUs connected to a gigabit ATM switch backplane. Second, we introduce the ANN's modular, extensible, and highly efficient operating system (NodeOS). Third, we describe an execution environment running on top of the NodeOS, which implements a novel large-scale active networking architecture called distributed code caching.
Abstract 1957: PMEPA1 promotes androgen receptor negative prostate cell proliferation through suppressing the Smad3/4-c-Myc-p21Cip1 signaling pathway (2011)

Abstract The PMEPA1 gene has been shown to suppress the androgen receptor (AR) and TGFβ signaling pathways and is abnormally expressed in prostate tumors. However, the role and mechanism action of PMEPA1 in AR-negative prostate cancer are unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of PMEPA1 suppresses AR-negative RWPE1 and PC-3 prostate cell proliferation through upregulating the p21 transcription. Additionally, PMEPA1 overexpression suppresses the p21 expression and promotes cell proliferation. PMEPA1 is induced by TGFβ as a negative feedback loop to suppress Smad3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, upregulates c-Myc, downregulates p21, and promotes PC-3 cell proliferation. The PMEPA1 functions depend on its Smad2/3 binding motif. Consistently, depletion of Smad3/4, but not Smad2, blocks the PMEPA1's functions of regulating c-Myc and p21. Importantly, stable depletion of PMEPA1 in PC-3 inhibits xenograft growth. Finally, we found that PMEPA1 is overexpressed in a subset of prostate cancer cell lines and tumors. These findings suggest that PMEPA1 may promote AR-negative prostate cancer cell proliferation through p21. (This work was supported by a grant from the Department of Defense (W81XWH-07-1-0191) and a grant from the American Cancer Society (RSG-08-199-01). Dr. Liu is supported by a postdoctoral fellowship from American Urological Association Foundation.) 1 Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1957. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1957
Diffraction specific coherent panoramagrams of real scenes (2011)

We have previously introduced the Diffraction Specific Coherent Panoramagram - a multi-view holographic stereogram that provides correct visual accommodation as well as smooth motion parallax with far fewer views than a normal stereogram. This method uses scene depth information to generate directionally-varying wavefront curvature, and can be computed at interactive rates using off-the-shelf graphics processors. In earlier work we used z-buffer information associated with parallax views rendered from synthetic graphics models; in this paper we demonstrate the computation of Diffraction Specific Coherent Panoramagrams of real-world scenes captured by cameras.
UV laser excitation of broadband surface acoustic wave pulses in silicon near the ablation threshold (1994)

The excitation of Rayleigh-type Surface Acoustic Waves (SAW) excited by nanosecond laser pulses at the wavelength of 355 nm is investigated. The dependence of SAW pulse amplitude on laser fluence is measured. The special features connected with surface melting and transition from thermoelastic to ablative excitation mechanism are studied. The ablation threshold is determined experimentally by changes in the SAW signal for successive laser shots on the same spot. It is shown that for the efficient repetitive excitation of broadband SAW pulses on the same spot laser intensities somewhat below the ablation threshold are the most appropriate
A battery "off line" system designed to monitor, test, charge and float individual cells (2002)

The paper describes a constant voltage battery power plant (CVBPP), a telecommunications power system that disconnects standby strings of batteries from the load during normal operation and also removes spare and maintenance rectifiers not needed to serve the load during this time. The paper also describes the "seamless switch" used to remove the batteries and other equipment from the load. A schematic diagram illustrates an equipment arrangement to serve the load best under all conditions, including environmental. The paper shows how automatic testing of individual cells can be accomplished, how this data can determine each cell's needed float voltage, and how this voltage can be delivered to each cell. The way to supply a constant voltage level to the equipment regardless of its mode of operation (normal, test or emergency) is also shown. Also discussed is the fact that the CVBPP is less costly than present-day power plants, even when more equipment is added to facilitate the automation of testing and monitoring, and to compensate each cell's float voltage for temperature and/or aging conditions. Finally, the paper alludes to other innovative techniques that now might be used, since the batteries are essentially "off line".
Strong polarization-dependent photoluminescence from silicon nanowire fibers (2005)

Fibers of highly oriented Si nanowires (SiNWs) were formed by drawing from a condensed SiNW suspension. The SiNW fiber, excited at 514.5nm, produces a strong photoluminescence (PL) at room temperature. The PL spectrum shows three bands at 565–580, 605–640, and 680–690nm, respectively, which are consistent with the PL of porous silicon. The relative intensity of these bands and the integrated intensity of the PL vary with the angle θ between the electric field of the polarized laser excitation and the fiber axis. The dependence on θ is attributed to the combined effects of the one-dimensional shape of the SiNW and the large dielectric contrast between the SiNW and the ambient.
Real-time robust body part tracking for augmented reality interface (2009)

We proposed real-time robust body part tracking for augmented reality interface that does not limit the user's freedom. The generality of the system was upgraded relative to body part tracking by establishing an ability to recognize details, such as, whether the user wears long sleeves or short sleeves. For precise body part tracking, we obtained images of hands, head, and feet separately via a single camera, and when detecting each body part, we separately chose appropriate features for specific parts. Using a calibrated camera, we transferred 2D detected body parts into an approximate 3D posture. In experiments conducted to evaluate the body part tracking module, the application with the proposed interface showed advanced hand tracking performance in real time(43.5fps).
SWARM Robotics: A Different Approach to Service Robotics: a different approach to service robotics (2002)

Service robotics, as it has been intended so far, views the accomplishment of a service mission mainly as the result of the action of a single robot.Swarm robotics tackles the very same problem from a different stance, i.e., as the result of a team effort of simple units.The project described here shows this particular approach.It defines first one simple unit (s-bot) capable of independently moving about on the ground and of dynamically establishing rigid or semi-rigid connections with other fellow units, and then it shows how a large group of them can, as a whole entity (swarm-bot), carry out a given task.Thanks to the ductility in assembling and forming its connections, a swarm-bot can readily cope with occasional failures of some components and promptly reshape the remaining swarm so as to replace the role of the failing units.Given such a plasticity, their possible applications is rather large ranging from harsh environment exploration to goods harvesting or goods transportation.At the moment, the project is at the stage of having defined a first simulating environment to be used both for the on-going hardware design and for the software control.The present paper describes this particular aspect of the project.
Hypoxia and incorporation of 3H-thymidine by cells of the rat pulmonary arteries and alveolar wall. (1979)

In the pulmonary arterial circulation hypoxia produces increase in thickness of the medial muscle coat as well as of the adventitia; in addition muscle appears in smaller arteries than is normal and the number of small arteries that fill on Micropaque-gelatin injection is reduced. To assess the role of hyperplasia in these changes, the uptake of 3H-thymidine by the cells of the pulmonary arterial wall has been studied in rats exposed to hypobaric hypoxia (exposure to 380 torr) after 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 14 days. Using autoradiographs of 1-micron sections, the glutaraldehyde-distended intrapulmonary hilar muscular artery, the peripheral, intraacinar arteries less than 100 micron in external diameter, and the alveolar wall had different patterns of uptake. In the hilar pulmonary artery, after 24 hours of exposure, the labeling index for adventitial fibroblasts is increased eightfold over the control value, and for endothelial cells, threefold, while for medial smooth muscle cells, there is a gradual and small increase to Day 14. Newly muscularized intraacinar arteries are first apparent at Day 3, when they comprise 40% of the intraacinar arteries, increasing to 80% at Day 7. No decrease in density of arteries is found. Uptake of 3H-thymidine by new muscle cells is not apparent until Day 5 when labeling is maximum. The endothelial cells of the newly muscularized arteries show an increased labeling index only at Days 7 and 10. The veins and normally muscular arteries do not show these changes. In the alveolar walls, the concentration of labeled cells is significantly above the control value at Days 3, 5, and 7 and significantly below, at Day 14. At this level, the interstitial, epithelial, and endothelial cells contribute to the increase.
Robust passive filter design for uncertain singular stochastic Markov jump systems with mode-dependent time delays (2011)

In this paper, we consider the problem of robust passive filter design for a uncertain singular stochastic system with mode-dependent time delays and Markovian jump parameters. The time delay varies in an interval and depends on the mode of operation. A new Markovian jump linear filter is designed to guarantee robust asymptotical stability and a prescribed disturbance attenuation level of the resulting filter for error systems. The resulting augmented system is regular, robust stochastically stable dependent of delays, impulse-free, and satisfies the proposed passive performance. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the method.
Relevance of the directionality of skin elasticity to aging and sagging of the face (2011)

The use of non-invasive procedures to measure skin mechanical parameters on the face in all directions may evaluate aging and effective preventive and restorative support.
CASS: A Program for Computer Assisted Stereotaxic Surgery (1981)

A program for computer assisted stereotaxic surgery is presented. This program aids the stereotaxic surgeon by presenting an on-line graphic display of stereotaxic probes and electrodes superimposed on cross sections of the human thalamus. It, therefore, simulates an otherwise blind surgical procedure on a CRT screen for viewing during surgery. The programs are written in FORTRAN IV for use on a DEC MINC-11BA computer with dual RX02 floppy disks. Additional required hardware is a Tektronix 4012 graphics display terminal. In addition, response data can be recorded during surgery and redisplayed later on the same maps.
Characterization of Ribosome-Inactivating Proteins Isolated from Bryonia dioica and Their Utility as Carcinoma-Reactive Immunoconjugates (1994)

Two ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) were isolated and characterized from the roots of Bryonia dioica. One of these was a novel 27-kDa protein termed bryodin 2 (BD2), while the second was a previously reported RIP, referred to here as bryodin 1 (BD1). The amino-terminal sequence obtained for BD2 was similar, but distinct from BD1, ricin A chain, trichosanthin, and momorcharin. BD2-specific monoclonal antibodies were generated and found not to react with BD1 or ricin A chain. Purified BD1 and BD2 RIP inhibited protein synthesis in a cell-free in vitro translation assay at EC50 values of 7 and 9 pM, respectively. Intravenous administration of BD1 was less toxic to mice than BD2, with LD50 values of > 40 for BD1 and 10-12 mg/kg for BD2. Primary human endothelial cells were 5-8-fold less sensitive to BD1 and BD2 than compared to ricin A chain. BD1 and BD2 were constructed as immunoconjugates with the chimeric form of BR96 (chiBR96), a carcinoma-reactive, internalizing antibody. ChiBR96-BD1 and chiBR96-BD2 were found to bind to and kill BR96 antigen-positive carcinoma cells while not killing antigen-negative carcinoma cells. Bryodins represent RIPs that may be useful in constructing immunotoxin conjugates with reduced toxicity and vascular sensitivity, as compared to ricin A chain immunotoxins.
Determinants of the Rate of mRNA Translocation in Bacterial Protein Synthesis (2014)

Studying the kinetics of translocation of mRNA and tRNAs on the translating ribosome is technically difficult since the rate-limiting steps involve large conformational changes without covalent bond formation or disruption. Here, we have developed a unique assay system for precise estimation of the full translocation cycle time at any position in any type of open reading frame (ORF). Using a buffer system optimized for high accuracy of tRNA selection together with high concentration of elongation factor G, we obtained in vivo compatible translocation rates. We found that translocation was comparatively slow early in the ORF and faster further downstream of the initiation codon. The maximal translocation rate decreased from the in vivo compatible value of 30 s(-1) at 1 mM free Mg2+ concentration to the detrimentally low value of 1 s(-1) at 6 mM free Mg2+ concentration. Thus, high and in vivo compatible accuracy of codon translation, as well as high and in vivo compatible translocation rate, required a remarkably low Mg2+ concentration. Finally, we found that the rate of translocation deep inside an ORF was not significantly affected upon variation of the standard free energy of interaction between a 6-nt upstream Shine-Dalgarno (SD)-like sequence and the anti-SD sequence of 16S rRNA in a range of 0-6 kcal/mol. Based on these experiments, we discuss the optimal choice of Mg2+ concentration for maximal fitness of the living cell by taking its effects on the accuracy of translation, the peptide bond formation rate and the translocation rate into account.
Respiratory complexes III and IV can each bind two molecules of cytochrome c at low ionic strength (2015)

The transient interactions of respiratory cytochrome c with complexes III and IV is herein investigated by using heterologous proteins, namely human cytochrome c, the soluble domain of plant cytochrome c1 and bovine cytochrome c oxidase. The binding molecular mechanisms of the resulting cross-complexes have been analyzed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Isothermal Titration Calorimetry. Our data reveal that the two cytochrome c-involving adducts possess a 2:1 stoichiometry - that is, two cytochrome c molecules per adduct - at low ionic strength. We conclude that such extra binding sites at the surfaces of complexes III and IV can facilitate the turnover and sliding of cytochrome c molecules and, therefore, the electron transfer within respiratory supercomplexes.
A multicenter prospective cohort study on the effect of smoking cessation on periodontal therapies in Japan (2020)

Few prospective studies have reported the effects of periodontal therapy on patients who attempted to quit smoking. This study aimed to assess how smoking cessation affects periodontal therapy. Twenty-five smokers with periodontitis were investigated by dividing them into two groups, a smoking cessation support group and a continued smoking group. Those in the support group received counseling and nicotine replacement therapy, followed by periodontal treatment conducted by dentists who had completed an e-learning course on smoking cessation. Clinical parameters were measured at baseline, 3, and 6 months. Most clinical parameters improved for those in the smoking cessation support group. There were no significant improvements in bleeding on probing (BOP) or the number of severe periodontal disease sites in the continued smoking group. Probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment levels (CAL) at sites that received scaling and root planing (SRP) significantly improved in all subjects. BOP did not improve at reevaluation in the smoking relapse subgroup. Patients in the smoking cessation support program led by dental professionals showed more improvement in BOP than those in the continued smoking group.