gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of 1.55 μm optically injection-locked VCSELs in wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (2007)

In this paper, we will discuss the utilization of optically injection-locked (OIL) 1.55 &mu;m vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) for operation as low-cost, stable, directly modulated, and potentially uncooled transmitters, whereby the injection-locking master source is furnished by modulated downstream signals. Such a transmitter will find useful application in wavelength division multiplexed passive optical networks (WDM-PONs) which is actively being developed to meet the ever-increasing bandwidth demands of end users. Our scheme eliminates the need for external injection locking optical sources, external modulators, and wavelength stabilization circuitry. We show through experiments that the injection-locked VCSEL favors low injection powers and responds only strongly to the carrier but not the modulated data of the downstream signal. Further, we will discuss results from experimental studies performed on the dependence of OIL-VCSELs in bidirectional networks on the degree of Rayleigh backscattered signal and extinction ratio. We show that error-free upstream performance can be achieved when the upstream signal to Rayleigh backscattering ratio is greater than 13.4 dB, and with minimal dependence on the downstream extinction ratio. We will also review a fault monitoring and localization scheme based on a highly-sensitive yet low-cost monitor comprising a low output power broadband source and low bandwidth detectors. The proposed scheme benefits from the high reflectivity top distributed Bragg reflector mirror of the OIL-VCSEL, incurring only a minimal penalty on the upstream transmissions of the existing infrastructure. Such a scheme provides fault monitoring without having to further invest in the upgrade of customer premises.
Intramolecular Schmidt Reaction Involving Primary Azidoalcohols under Nonacidic Conditions: Synthesis of Indolizidine (−)-167B (2009)

A powerful intramolecular Schmidt reaction starting from primary azidoalcohols is reported. This approach involves a nonacidic activation of the alcohol via triflation. The synthetic potential offered by the mild reaction conditions is demonstrated by a highly selective synthesis of (-)-indolizidine 167B.
Chromosomal Microarray Analysis (CMA) a Clinical Diagnostic Tool in the Prenatal and Postnatal Settings. (2015)

Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) is a technology used for the detection of clinically-significant microdeietions or duplications, with a high sensitivity for submicroscopic aberrations. It is able to detect changes as small as 5-10Kb in size - a resolution up to 1000 times higher than that of conventional karyotyping. CMA is used for uncovering copy number variants (CNVs) thought to play an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of disorders, primarily neurodevelopmental disorders and congenital anomalies. CMA may be applied in the prenatal or postnatal setting, with unique benefits and limitations in each setting. The growing use of CMA makes it essential for practicing physicians to understand the principles of this technology and be aware of its powers and limitations.
Contributions to Epidemiology & Biostatistics (1982)

This book represents a compendium of papers and brief reports presented at a Workshop on Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Herlizia, Israel, 18–21 March 1980. The workshop was an outgrowth of the concern that RVF may spread from Egypt, where epizootics occurred in 1977–1978 and virus isolates were made in 1979 and 1980. Contiguous areas, such as Sinai, were logically considered to be at high risk, and a major effort was mounted in Israel to prevent introduction of the disease. In addition to describing the public health measures associated with RVF prevention, the Workshop provided an opportunity to review other topics, including pathogenesis and clinical features of the disease, biochemistry, immunology, and taxonomy of the virus, epidemiology and vaccination. The book is published by S. Karger AG as Volume 3 of the series “Contributions to Epidemiology and Biostatics.”The first section of the book deals with experimental studies. The first three papers are excellent state-of-the art reviews of basic aspects of RVF virus and experimental pathobiology.
Risk management in rural development : a review (2002)

This study assesses the relevance of risk-analysis findings to rural development in impoverished countries around the world. The scope of the present review was limited to discuss risks in rural areas of direct potential relevance to rural development policy. A first conclusion is that a review of risk management instruments should identify what features of risk in rural areas are different from those of urban areas, and how adequate and effective are the instruments available in the space. The discussion has been focused mainly on how risk in rural areas is handled by the various agents with which the Bank deals, such as farmers and governments, and thus how this aspect of management in rural areas might be recognized and handled in Bank operations.
A panel of DNA methylation markers for the classification of consensus molecular subtypes 2 and 3 in patients with colorectal cancer. (2021)

3545 Background: Consensus molecular subtypes (CMSs) can guide precision treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC). Currently available assays can identify CMS1 and CMS4 cases well, while a dedicated test to distinguish CMS2 and 3 is lacking. This study aimed to identify a panel of methylation markers to distinguish between CMS2 and 3 in patients with CRC. Methods: Fresh-frozen tumor tissue of 239 patients with stage I-III CRC was included. CMS classification was performed on RNA-seq data using the single-sample-prediction parameter from the “CMSclassifier” package. Methylation profiles were obtained using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. We performed adaptive group-regularised logistic ridge-regression with post-hoc group-weighted elastic net marker selection to build prediction models for classification of CMS2 and CMS3 based on 15, 10 or 5 markers. Data from TCGAwas used for validation. Results: Overall methylation profiles differed between CMS2 and CMS3. Group-regularisation of the probes was done based on their location either relative to a CpG island or relative to a gene present in the CMS classifier resulting in two different prediction models and subsequently different marker panels. For both panels, even when using only 5 markers, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were &gt; 90%. Validation showed comparable performances. Conclusions: Our highly sensitive and specific methylation marker panel can be used to distinguish CMS2 and 3. This enables development of a qPCR DNA methylation assay in patients with CRC to provide a specific and non-invasive classification tool.
Detailed Core Description of a Dolomite Sample From the Upper Madison Limestone Group (1986)

ABSTRACT Improvements in reservoir characterization can greatly enhance reservoir performance predictions. Heterogeneity within most reservoirs, such as the Madison Group, can be better understood from integration of results from detailed core analyses. A fractured dolomite core sample from the Upper Madison Group, near Carter Creek gas field in southwest Wyoming was studied in detail to supplement the current methodology for delineating heterogeneities in core samples. Directional permeability, fracture system orientation, and other heterogeneities related to the core sample fabric were determined and quantified by studies of: impregnated thin-sections and use of computed tomography x-ray intensity, x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Computed tomography (CT) is a fast, nondestructive, qualitative and quantitative tool for the evaluation of fracture systems and associated mineralogy. The scanning procedure employed involved assigning a density range that would highlight minerals having characteristic CT densities. This procedure helped to identify variations of fracture infilling materials. The core analyses data were integrated with the regional geology, downhole logs, and production data for final evaluation.
Adrenomedullin Contributes to Age-Related Memory Loss in Mice and Is Elevated in Aging Human Brains (2017)

Memory decline is common in elderly individuals and is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Memory failure follows the loss of synaptic contacts in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, caused in part by cytoskeleton disruption. Adrenomedullin (AM) and its gene-related peptide, proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), are microtubule-associated proteins (MAP) whose expression has been identified as a potential biomarker for predicting progression from predementia to clinical AD. Here we analyze the connection between AM levels and memory preservation. Mice lacking neuronal AM and PAMP (knockout, KO) and their wild type (WT) littermates were subjected, at different ages, to the novel object recognition test and the contextual fear conditioned test. Aged KO mice have significantly better retention memory than their WT counterparts. This feature was more prominent in females than in males. Prefrontal cortex and hippocampus samples from these animals were subjected to Western blotting for phospho-Tau and acetylated tubulin. Aged female KO mice had significantly less accumulation of phospho-Tau than their WT littermates. In addition, protein extracts from the frontal cortex of non-demented mature (65.10 ± 3.86 years) and aged (77.14 ± 2.77 years) human donors were analyzed by Western blotting. Aged human brains had significantly higher levels of AM and lower levels of acetylated tubulin than younger donors. These observations suggest that drugs or interventions that reduce AM/PAMP expression may constitute a new avenue to prevent memory decline during normal aging and in patients suffering moderate AD in high risk of rapid cognitive decline.
[Consultation for the prevention of atherosclerotic diseases]. (2005)

We have conducted a population-based, long-term trial with the purpose of investigating risk factors for atherosclerotic diseases in a Japanese population, from 1996 (Niigata Study). Through the trial, we have learned what is going on at the initial phase of atherosclerotic diseases. This experience plays an important role in contributing to clinical decision-making. We are engaging ourselves in improving not only diagnoses but also therapies and research relating to atherosclerotic diseases. We are specialized in performing laboratory tests for lipid analysis such as the two-dimensional nondenaturing electrophoresis of lipoproteins, which is exclusively conducted in our laboratory. Three children with the oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, for example, were confirmed by these lipid analyses and also by gene analyses performed by us. Our potential goal is a regenerative or cellular therapy for patients with vascular insufficiency. We are now conducting basic research for angiogenesis.
Mechanisms of embryonal tumor initiation: Distinct roles for MycN expression and MYCN amplification (2004)

The mechanisms causing persistence of embryonal cells that later give rise to tumors is unknown. One tumorigenic factor in the embryonal childhood tumor neuroblastoma is the MYCN protooncogene. Here we show that normal mice developed neuroblast hyperplasia in paravertebral ganglia at birth that completely regressed by 2 weeks of age. In contrast, ganglia from MYCN transgenic (TH-MYCN) mice demonstrated a marked increase in neuroblast hyperplasia and MycN expression during week 1. Regression of neuroblast hyperplasia was then delayed and incomplete before neuroblastoma tumor formation at 6 and 13 weeks in homo- and hemizygote mice, respectively. Paravertebral neuronal cells cultured from perinatal TH-MYCN mice exhibited 3- to 10-fold resistance to nerve growth factor (NGF) withdrawal, compared with normal mice. Both low- and high-affinity NGF receptors were expressed in perinatal neuroblast hyperplasia but not in neuroblastoma tumor tissue. MYCN transgene amplification was present at low levels in perinatal neuroblast hyperplasia from both homo- and hemizygote TH-MYCN mice. However, only in hemizygous mice did tumor formation correlate with a stepwise increase in the frequency of MYCN amplification. These data suggest that inappropriate perinatal MycN expression in paravertebral ganglia cells from TH-MYCN mice initiated tumorigenesis by altering the physiologic process of neural crest cell deletion. Persisting embryonal neural crest cells underwent further changes, such as MYCN amplification and repression of NGF receptor expression, during tumor progression. Our studies provide a model for studying perinatal factors influencing embryonal tumor initiation.
[Case of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with malignant B cell lymphoma]. (2009)

We report a case of a 62-year-old man with limbic encephalitis associated with diffuse large B cell lymphoma. He was hospitalized for the assessment of cognitive disturbance and changes in characteristics. Neurological examination revealed disturbance of recall and recent memory. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the brain revealed bilateral atrophy of the medial temporal lobes. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed mononuclear pleocytosis and elevated protein levels. Herpes simplex virus DNA was not detected in the CSF by the polymerase chain reaction. Immunological investigation of the patient's serum samples showed no evidence of acute infection with herpes simplex virus or cytomegalovirus. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a mass lesion on the right hilum of the lung. Therefore, tumor resection was performed. The pathological diagnosis was diffuse large B cell lymphoma. We diagnosed this patient with paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis. Chemotherapy was performed, but the patient's clinical symptoms failed to improve. We investigated 7 previously reported cases of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis associated with malignant lymphoma in Japan. We suggest that an early diagnosis of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis with progressive symptoms such as changes in characteristics is important. Early diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors is desirable to facilitate clinical recovery and improve prognosis.
Tropospheric Comparisons of Vaisala Radiosondes and Balloon-Borne Frost-Point and Lyman-α Hygrometers during the LAUTLOS-WAVVAP Experiment (2008)

Abstract The accuracy of all types of Vaisala radiosondes and two types of Snow White chilled-mirror hygrosondes was assessed in an intensive in situ comparison with reference hygrometers. Fourteen nighttime reference comparisons were performed to determine a working reference for the radiosonde comparisons. These showed that the night version of the Snow White agreed best with the references [i.e., the NOAA frost-point hygrometer (FPH) and University of Colorado cryogenic frost-point hygrometer (CFH)], but that the daytime version had severe problems with contamination in the humid upper troposphere. Since the RS92 performance was superior to the other radiosondes and to the day version of the Snow White, it was selected to be the working reference. According to the reference comparison, the RS92 has no bias in the mid- and lower troposphere, with deviations &amp;lt;±5% in relative humidity (RH). In the upper troposphere, the RS92 has a ∼5% RH wet bias, which is partly due to the RS92 time lag error and the termination of the heating cycle. It was shown that the time lag effects relating to Vaisala radiosondes can be corrected. Because these were nighttime comparisons, they can be considered to be free from solar radiation effects. Neither the radiosondes nor the Snow White succeeded in reproducing reference class hygrometer profiles in the stratosphere. According to the 29 radiosonde intercomparisons, the RS92 and the modified RS90 (FN) had the best mutual agreement and no bias. The disagreement is largest (&amp;lt;±10% RH) at low temperatures (T ≪ −30°C), where the FN underestimated (overestimated) in high (low) ambient RH. In comparison with the RS92, the RS90 had a semilinearly increasing wet bias with decreasing temperature, where the bias was ∼10% RH at −60°C. The RS80-A suffers from a large temperature-dependent dry bias in high RH conditions, being over 30% RH at −60°C and ∼5% RH near 0°C. The RS80-A dry bias can be almost totally removed with the correction algorithm by Leiterer et al., which was chosen as the best available. The other approach tested tends to overcorrect in high RH conditions when T &amp;lt; −50°C. For T &amp;gt; −30°C it is ineffective and does not correct the RS80-A dry bias in high ambient RH.
Simple and safe synthesis of microporous aluminophosphate molecular sieves by ionothermal approach (2007)

Abstract Pure and transition metal (Co, Fe) containing aluminophosphate molecular sieves were synthesized ionothermally by using a series of imidazolium‐based ionic liquids as both solvent and structure‐directing agent. Adopting this novel method, a large number of volatile organic solvents can be avoided, and the synthesis can be operated at near atmospheric pressure. Thus, the preparation becomes simple and safe compared with hydrothermal and solvothermal method. And, the recycling of ionic liquid can make the industrial synthesis process more efficient and environmental. The powder XRD patterns and FT‐IR spectra displayed that all the synthesized samples were with sodalite structure. Crystal data for Co‐substituted analogue: cubic, Pm‐3n, a = 9.0192 Å, and magnetic property analysis showed weak antiferromagnetic interactions between Co ions. The influences of synthesis conditions such as P 2 O 5 /Al 2 O 3 ratio, crystallization temperature, and the variety of ionic liquids on the character of the products were systematically investigated. In addition, the recycling of ionic liquid was studied based on the NMR and TGA. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
A Condensed Hybrid Optimization Algorithm Using Enhanced Continuous Tabu Search and Particle Swarm Optimization (2009)

A novel Condensed Hybrid Optimization (CHO) algorithm using Enhanced Continuous Tabu Search (ECTS) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is proposed. The proposed CHO algorithm combines the respective strengths of ECTS and PSO. The ECTS is a modified Tabu Search (TS), which has good search capabilities on large search spaces. In this study, ECTS is utilized to define smaller search spaces, which are used in a second stage by the basic PSO to find the respective local optimum. The ECTS covers the global search space by using a TS concept called diversification and then selects the most promising areas in the search space. Once the promising regions in the search space are defined, the proposed CHO algorithm employs another TS concept called intensification in order to search the promising area thoroughly. The proposed CHO algorithm is tested with the multi-dimensional Hyperbolic and Rosenbrock problems. Compared to other four algorithms, the simulations results indicate that the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed CHO algorithm.
Organ donation following medical assistance in dying, Part I: a scoping review of legal and ethical aspects (2023)

Organ donation following MAiD has raised many legal and ethical concerns regarding establishing safeguards to protect patients and families. Despite the ongoing debates around the risks and benefits of this combined procedure, when patients who request MAiD want to donate their organs, this option can help fulfill their last wishes and diminish their suffering, which should be the main reasons to offer organ donation following MAiD.
Differentially Expressed Genes Regulating the Progression of Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Breast Cancer (2012)

Molecular mechanisms mediating the progression of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to invasive breast cancer remain largely unknown. We used gene expression profiling of human DCIS (n = 53) and invasive breast cancer (n = 51) to discover uniquely expressed genes that may also regulate progression. There were 470 total differentially expressed genes (≥2-fold; P < 0.05). Elevated expression of genes involved in synthesis and organization of extracellular matrix was particularly prominent in the epithelium of invasive breast cancer. The degree of overlap of the genes with nine similar studies in the literature was determined to help prioritize their potential importance, resulting in 74 showing overlap in ≥2 studies (average 3.6 studies/gene; range 2-8 studies). Using hierarchical clustering, the 74-gene profile correctly categorized 96% of samples in this study and 94% of samples from 3 similar independent studies. To study the progression of DCIS to invasive breast cancer in vivo, we introduced human DCIS cell lines engineered to express specific genes into a "mammary intraductal DCIS" xenograft model. Progression of xenografts to invasive breast cancer was dramatically increased by suppressing four genes that were usually elevated in clinical samples of DCIS, including a protease inhibitor (CSTA) and genes involved in cell adhesion and signaling (FAT1, DST, and TMEM45A), strongly suggesting that they normally function to suppress progression. In summary, we have identified unique gene expression profiles of human DCIS and invasive breast cancer, which include novel genes regulating tumor progression. Targeting some of these genes may improve the detection, diagnosis, and therapy of DCIS.
Finite element modelling of seawater intrusion in Wadi Ham aquifer, UAE (2012)

Purpose Seawater intrusion represents a major problem in many coastal aquifers all over the world. It degrades the water‐quality and hence the groundwater may become unsuitable for domestic and agriculture purposes. Due to the direct hydraulic contact between the freshwater and saline water in coastal aquifers and the density difference between the two water bodies, the seawater migrates inland. The problem is exacerbated when the groundwater abstraction rates exceed the natural recharge from rainfall events. The key to controlling this problem is to maintain the proper balance between water being pumped from the aquifer and the amount of water recharging it. The purpose of this paper is to present a coupled transient finite element model for simulation of fluid flow and solute transport in soils with application to study seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers. Design/methodology/approach The model includes coupling of fluid flow and solute transport. Transient density‐dependent flow and the dependency of dispersion on velocity are considered. After validation, the model is applied to predict the seawater intrusion in the Wadi Ham aquifer, UAE in vertical sections and the results are compared with those from a commercial code (SEWAT) which was used to simulate seawater intrusion in the aquifer in a horizontal section. Findings A good agreement is observed between the results of the current model in the vertical cross‐section and those of SEWAT in the horizontal cross‐section for the case of Wadi Ham. The results show that the model can predict the extent of seawater intrusion (and the transition zone) and distribution of salt concentration in the aquifer with a good accuracy. Originality/value The developed model includes coupling of fluid flow and solute transport in saturated and unsaturated porous media. Transient density‐dependent flow and the dependency of dispersion on velocity are considered. The model has been applied to a real world case study. A combination of the results in vertical and horizontal sections has been used to build a 3D picture of seawater intrusion in the aquifer.