gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cheating Heisenberg: Achieving certainty in wideband spectrography (2003)

The spectrographic analysis of sound has been with us some 58 years, and one of the key properties of the process is the trade-off in resolution between the time and frequency dimensions in the computed graph. While spectrography has greatly advanced the development of phonetics, the uncertainty principle has always been a source of frustration to phoneticians because so many of the interesting features of speech must be observed by computing Fourier spectra over very short time frames—i.e., using a ‘‘wideband’’ spectrogram. Since the uncertainty relation between time and frequency is unbreakable, the only option for improvement is to make a new kind of spectrogram that does not graph time and frequency. An algorithm is described and demonstrated which computes a new kind of spectrogram in which Fourier transform frequency is replaced by the channelized instantaneous frequency, and time is adjusted by the local group delay. The theory behind this procedure was clarified in Nelson [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110, 2575–2592 (2001)]. The resulting wideband spectrograms show dramatically improved resolution of speech features, which will be demonstrated with sample figures. It is thus suggested that phoneticians should be more interested in the instantaneous frequency spectrum than in the Fourier transform.
Motion vector quantization in a rate-distortion framework (2002)

Motion compensation is formulated as quantization of the true motion field and optimized within an overall rate-distortion framework. The desired accuracy in motion estimation is achieved by designing the codebook of the motion quantizer for the target rate. We propose an iterative algorithm for the codebook design which optimizes the compression performance of the coder by directly minimizing the overall rate-distortion cost. A multistage structure is imposed on the codebook to obtain a practical motion quantization scheme, which is optimized through a joint design of the stages. Simulation results on video sequences are presented which demonstrate that RD optimized motion vector quantization outperforms conventional motion compensation and can achieve significant gains of 1.3 dB in the PSNR of the reconstructed picture. Further, the multiresolution nature of multistage motion quantization makes it applicable for scalable video coding applications.
Optimum interference excision in spread spectrum communications using open-loop adaptive filters (1999)

A generalized approach for interference suppression in PN spread spectrum communications using open-loop adaptive excision filtering is introduced. The excision filter coefficients under this technique depend on the jammer power and its instantaneous frequency (IF) information, and both values can be gained in the time-frequency domain. The dependency of the excision filter characteristics on the interference power, which was absent in past contributions in this area, is of significant importance as it allows optimum tradeoff between interference removal and the amount of self-noise generated from the induced correlation across the PN chip sequence, due to filtering. This tradeoff is bounded by the two extreme cases of no self-noise, which implies preprocessing disabled, and full interference excision, which the case previously considered. In this paper, we derive the FIR excision filters that maximize the receiver signal-to-noise ratio for narrowband interference and discuss the generalization to nonstationary jamming environment.
Mini-Rank: A Power-EfficientDDRx DRAM Memory Architecture (2012)

Memory power consumption has become a severe concern in multi-core computer platforms. As memory data rate, capacity and bandwidth are being pushed higher and higher, the power consumption of memory systems becomes a significant part in the overall system power profile. Conventional memory systems do not provide an efficient mechanism for managing its power and performance tradeoff. We propose a novel mini-rank architecture for DDRx memories to reduce memory power consumption by breaking each DRAM rank into multiple narrow mini-ranks and activating fewer devices for each request. We also propose a heterogeneous mini-rank design to further improve the performance-power tradeoff for each workload based on its memory access behavior and bandwidth requirement. The evaluation results show that homogeneous mini-rank significantly reduces memory power with small performance loss. For instance, using four-core multiprogramming workloads, a x32 mini-rank configuration reduces memory power by 19.5 percent with 1.3 percent performance loss on average for memory-intensive workloads. Heterogeneous mini-rank further improves the balance between the performance and power saving. For instance, it reduces the memory power by up to 38.0 percent with an average performance loss of 2.4 percent, compared with a conventional memory system. In comparison, the x32 homogeneous mini-rank reduces memory power by up to 25.4 percent; while the x8 homogeneous mini-rank incurs performance loss by up to 19.3 percent. Furthermore, heterogeneous mini-rank achieves consistently good performance-power tradeoff for workloads made by programs of diverse memory access behavior and bandwidth requirement.
Amino acid sequence of the winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) basic lectin. Adenine binding and identification of the active-site tryptophan residue. (1994)

The complete amino acid sequence of winged bean basic agglutinin (WBA I) was obtained by a combination of manual and gas-phase sequencing methods. Peptide fragments for sequence analyses were obtained by enzymatic cleavages using trypsin and Staphylococcus aureus V8 endoproteinase and by chemical cleavages using iodosobenzoic acid, hydroxylamine, and formic acid. COOH-terminal sequence analysis of WBA I and other peptides was performed using carboxypeptidase Y. The primary structure of WBA I was homologous to those of other legume lectins and more so to Erythrina corallodendron. Interestingly, the sequence shows remarkable identities in the regions involved in the association of the two monomers of E. corallodendron lectin. Other conserved regions are the double metal-binding site and residues contributing to the formation of the hydrophobic cavity and the carbohydrate-binding site. Chemical modification studies both in the presence and absence of N-acetylgalactosamine together with sequence analyses of tryptophan-containing tryptic peptides demonstrate that tryptophan 133 is involved in the binding of carbohydrate ligands by the lectin. The location of tryptophan 133 at the active center of WBA I for the first time subserves to explain a role for one of the most conserved residues in legume lectins.
Virtual And Real Forming Of Sheet Metal A Classroom Scenario (2020)

This paper is concerned with the philosophy behind development of a new course Computer Simulation of Metal Forming Processes at Kettering University (formerly, GMI Engineering & Management Institute) in Flint, Michigan. Kettering University has a unique undergraduate program that requires all students to go through a 5-year co-op experience beginning in the first year and a required fifth year thesis. In talking to several co-op company advisors and based on advising several fifth year thesis students for the past two years at Kettering University, it is becoming apparent that validation of virtual forming outcomes of intricate and complex sheet metal parts with real forming is rapidly gaining importance. This is particularly true in the early stages of product and process design, because of the high cost and time associated with real forming using hard tooling. Students working in this or similar virtual product and process design areas need to be trained in order to meet the demands of such industries. In a class room environment, however, the use of virtual forming is enhanced by demonstrating that the virtual process provides solutions very nearly identical to the real process. In order for the students to have instant feedback of virtual forming technology, real forming by use of hard tooling is necessary and crucial for their proper understanding of the forming process itself. It is believed that no other school offers a course coupling at the undergraduate level that combines both virtual and real forming. The ultimate goal of this course coupling is to bridge this gap. Initially, however, product and process design in the area of sheet metal forming is addressed.
MASS: Multi-Attentional Semantic Segmentation of LiDAR Data for Dense Top-View Understanding (2022)

At the heart of all automated driving systems is the ability to sense the surroundings, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e.g.,</i> through semantic segmentation of LiDAR sequences, which experienced a remarkable progress due to the release of large datasets such as SemanticKITTI and nuScenes-LidarSeg. While most previous works focus on <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">sparse</i> segmentation of the LiDAR input, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dense</i> output masks provide self-driving cars with almost complete environment information. In this paper, we introduce MASS - a Multi-Attentional Semantic Segmentation model specifically built for dense top-view understanding of the driving scenes. Our framework operates on pillar- and occupancy features and comprises three attention-based building blocks: (1) a keypoint-driven graph attention, (2) an LSTM-based attention computed from a vector embedding of the spatial input, and (3) a pillar-based attention, resulting in a dense 360° segmentation mask. With extensive experiments on both, SemanticKITTI and nuScenes-LidarSeg, we quantitatively demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, outperforming the state of the art by 19.0% on SemanticKITTI and reaching 30.4% in mIoU on nuScenes-LidarSeg, where MASS is the first work addressing the dense segmentation task. Furthermore, our multi-attention model is shown to be very effective for 3D object detection validated on the KITTI-3D dataset, showcasing its high generalizability to other tasks related to 3D vision.
Breaking blades: Experimental programme on intentional fracturing systems of lithic tools (2016)

This research represents a first approach to the characterization of blade fractures produced intentionally using various techniques, according to an experimental protocol. The objective is to establish a reference base of marks which serve to define the fractures documented in the archaeological record.&#x0D; The fractured blade being a very common element in different sites throughout in the Iberian Peninsula during the Neolithic and Chalcolithic Ages. In fact, from the Late Neolithic a new concept applied to the creation of lithic tools arose, involving the fracturing of blades through the improvement of fracturing techniques. In addition, a preference for obtaining the mesial fragments of the blades or those which have more regular measurements can be observed. This type of lithic instrument represents high percentages of all the retouched material, and may possess only one fractured end or, more commonly, both, bi-fractured.&#x0D; With the archaeological evidence, we decided to carry out an experiment to define and classify the marks that result during the intentional fracturing of laminar fragments, contemplating different variables. We used three types of techniques for fracturing blades: flex, direct percussion and indirect percussion, and we used different types of hammer, made of stone, antler and copper.&#x0D; For the results, we have standardized the descriptions of different parts of the fracture distinguishing: types of fracture, fracture planes, fracture marks and macrowear. However, we should point out that this experimentation is the beginning of a line of research that, over time, must integrate a wider experimental base which also considers the other mentioned causes of fracture, as well as the functional objective of these tools.&#x0D; The preliminary study through this experimentation has made it possible to define and describe the types of fractures resulting from the use of different blade fracturing methods. We also have described the main types of fracture marks generated from each fracturing technique.
ChemInform Abstract: LABILIZATION OF CARBON MONOXIDE DISSOCIATION FROM METAL CLUSTERS: AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF MONOSUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF TETRAIRIDIUM, IR4(CO)11L (L = PBU3, PPH3, ASPH3, AND P(OPH)3) (1982)

Abstract Die Kinetik der weiteren CO‐Substitution durch die Liganden in den Titelkomplexen wird zwischen 20 und 100°C in Decan und Dichlorbenzol untersucht.
Composite piezoelectric transducer with truncated conical endcaps "cymbal" (1997)

This paper presents original results obtained in the development of the moonie-type transducers for actuator applications. The moonie-type actuators fill the gap between multilayer and bimorph actuators, but its position-dependent displacement and low generative force are unacceptable for certain applications. The moonie transducers were modified systematically by using finite element analysis combined with experimental techniques. A new transducer design, named "cymbal transducer", was developed with larger displacement, larger generative forces, and more cost-effective manufacturing. The cymbal transducers consist of a cylindrical ceramic element sandwiched between two truncated conical metal endcaps and can be used as both sensors and actuators. The cymbal actuator exhibits almost 40 times higher displacement than the same size of ceramic element. Effective piezoelectric charge coefficient, Eff. d/sub 33/, of cymbal is roughly 40 times higher than PZT itself.
Addendum: Ng, S.W. et al. Cellular Metabolic Profiling of CrFK Cells Infected with Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus Using Phenotype Microarrays. Pathogens 2020, 9, 412 (2020)

The authors wish to add another citation to the published paper [...]
Renal Oncocytoma with Synchronous Contralateral Renal Cell Carcinoma (1985)

We report a case of simultaneous contralateral oncocytoma and renal cell carcinoma. The diagnosis and prognosis of renal oncocytoma are discussed, and the management of bilateral renal tumors is reviewed.
All Major Lung Cancer Cell Types Produce Parathyroid Hormone-Like Protein: Heterogeneity Assessed by High Performance Liquid Chromatography* (1991)

We examined the production of parathyroid hormone-like protein (PLP) by all major lung cancer cell types, including epidermoid, small cell, and adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated that cell lines derived from each cell type released PLP into culture medium. To determine the predominant species of PLP produced by the cell lines, guanidine hydrochloride extracts were prepared and analyzed for PLP by high performance size exclusion chromatography under denaturing conditions. Cell lines from each of the major lung tumors produced multiple and different forms of PLP. The estimated molecular sizes of the PLP species ranged from 3.5-11.7 kilodaltons. Our results demonstrate that PLP is produced by all major lung cancer cell types and extend these observations to adenocarcinoma and large cell carcinomas of the lung. Furthermore, we observed PLP heterogeneity among these different cell types, which may represent tissue-specific PLP processing among different human lung tumors.
Monarch (2020)

Monarch is a globally-distributed in-memory time series database system in Google. Monarch runs as a multi-tenant service and is used mostly to monitor the availability, correctness, performance, load, and other aspects of billion-user-scale applications and systems at Google. Every second, the system ingests terabytes of time series data into memory and serves millions of queries. Monarch has a regionalized architecture for reliability and scalability, and global query and configuration planes that integrate the regions into a unified system. On top of its distributed architecture, Monarch has flexible configuration, an expressive relational data model, and powerful queries. This paper describes the structure of the system and the novel mechanisms that achieve a reliable and flexible unified system on a regionalized distributed architecture. We also share important lessons learned from a decade's experience of developing and running Monarch as a service in Google.
Computational Design of Stephenson II Six-Bar Function Generators for 11 Accuracy Points (2015)

This paper presents a design methodology for Stephenson II six-bar function generators that coordinate 11 input and output angles. A complex number formulation of the loop equations yields 70 quadratic equations in 70 unknowns, which is reduced to a system of ten eighth degree polynomial equations of total degree 810=1.07×109. These equations have a monomial structure which yields a multihomogeneous degree of 264,241,152. A sequence of polynomial homotopies was used to solve these equations and obtain 1,521,037 nonsingular solutions. Contained in these solutions are linkage design candidates which are evaluated to identify cognates, and then analyzed to determine their input–output angles in each assembly. The result is a set of feasible linkage designs that reach the required accuracy points in a single assembly. As an example, three Stephenson II function generators are designed, which provide the input–output functions for the hip, knee, and ankle of a humanoid walking gait.
Electroactive Biofilms for Sensing: Reflections and Perspectives (2017)

Microbial electrochemistry has from the onset been recognized for its sensing potential due to the microbial ability to enhance signals through metabolic cascades, its relative selectivity toward substrates, and the higher stability conferred by the microbial ability to self-replicate. The greatest challenge has been to achieve stable and efficient transduction between a microorganism and an electrode surface. Over the past decades, a new kind of microbial architecture has been observed to spontaneously develop on polarized electrodes: the electroactive biofilm (EAB). The EAB conducts electrons over long distances and performs quasi-reversible electron transfer on conventional electrode surfaces. It also possesses self-regenerative properties. In only a few years, EABs have inspired considerable research interest for use as biosensors for environmental or bioprocess monitoring. Multiple challenges still need to be overcome before implementation at larger scale of this new kind of biosensors can be realized. This perspective first introduces the specific characteristics of the EAB with respect to other electrochemical biosensors. It summarizes the sensing applications currently proposed for EABs, stresses their limitations, and suggests strategies toward potential solutions. Conceptual prospects to engineer EABs for sensing purposes are also discussed.
Rectus capitis posterior minor and its relationship to the spinal dura mater: a histological investigation (913.3) (2014)

The rectus capitis posterior minor (RCPm) is a deep suboccipital muscle connecting the tubercule of the posterior arch of the atlas to the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone. Although controversial, a number of dissection‐based or imaging‐based reports suggested a direct connection between the RCPm and the dura mater. Detailed histologic investigation is required to establish any link between RCPm and the dura mater. Left and right RCPms, their bony attachments and adjacent spinal dura mater, were resected from 6 embalmed and 2 unfixed cadavers. Tissue samples were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in phosphate buffered saline and decalcified. Both left and right RCPms were subdivided into medial and lateral parts and processed for histological examination. Serial histological sections were prepared in order to include maximum surface area; Masson’s trichrome stain was used to visualize muscle and connective tissue connections. Histological analysis suggested an indirect link between RCPm and the dura mater. This investigation also found tissue distributions previously unreported, i.e.: periosteum of the occipital bone blends into the spinal dura mater on the medial aspect; tissue between the RCPm and dura mater has a structural organisation similar to a bursa or fat pad and this structure is reinforced by traversing collagen bundles taking origin at the peri‐ and/or endomysium of the RCPm. This histological investigation clarifies some anatomical features of the suboccipital region and indicates a secondary function of the RCPm, which may include posterior traction of the dura mater during neck hyperextension. Grant Funding Source : Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
The Many Technical Contributions of the Anatomage Table: Seeing Anatomy Differently (2021)

Abstract The Anatomage Table was originally marketed to medical schools as an anatomical training tool and to hospitals for preoperative planning. When Medtronic employees began to understand the power of the Anatomage Table for product development and data analysis, the uniqueness of how the table was utilized led to its many valuable contributions. The Anatomage Table has significantly reduced product development time with its ability to immediately render anatomical models in a way that allows the development team to evaluate outcomes and react with clear direction. It also reduces cognitive load for the users thereby expediting the interpretive process. The technology has become a tool to enhance research and training outcomes. This paper serves as an example to stimulate the use of this type of technology in similar applications. Hard data originating from controlled studies are not provided in this report due to the technology’s early use at Medtronic and the proprietary nature of the development processes on which the technology was used.
Person re-identification based on multi-scale global feature and weight-driven part feature (2022)

Person re-identification (ReID) is a crucial task in identifying pedestrians of interest across multiple surveillance camera views. ReID methods in recent years have shown that using global features or part features of the pedestrian is extremely effective, but many models do not have further design models to make more reasonable use of global and part features. A new model is proposed to use global features more rationally and extract more fine-grained part features. Specifically, our model captures global features by using a multi-scale attention global feature extraction module, and we design a new context-based adaptive part feature extraction module to consider continuity between different body parts of pedestrians. In addition, we have added additional enhancement modules to the model to enhance its performance. Experiments show that our model achieves competitive results on the Market1501, Dukemtmc-ReID, and MSMT17 datasets. The ablation experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of each module of our model. The code of our model is available at: https://github.com/davidtqw/Person-Re-Identification.
Towards Multi-Layer Autonomic Isolation of Cloud Computing and Networking Resources (2011)

This paper describes a flexible approach to manage autonomically cloud resource isolation between different layers of an IaaS infrastructure, reconciling computing and network views. The corresponding framework overcomes fragmentation of security components and automates their administration by orchestrating different autonomic loops, vertically (between layers) and horizontally (between views).
Economic Evaluation of Interventions for Prevention of Hospital Acquired Infections: A Systematic Review (2016)

Prevention programs for hospital acquired infections have very positive cost-benefit ratios. Improved reporting quality in health economics publications is required.