gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social Structure and Trust in Massive Digital Markets (2017)

Embedding games in networks creates trust when the network is sufficiently dense and/or the players are sufficiently central. But, while much existing research examines how formal reputation signals, like ratings or reviews, enhance trust and facilitate market transactions, almost no research explores the role of networked social signals in generating trust in such marketplaces. Here, we measure the extent to which situating transactions in networks can generate trust in online marketplaces with an empirical approach that provides external validity while eliminating many potential confounds. Using micro-level data on ~1.6M sales posts in Facebook buy and sell groups, we find that both increased network density and seller degree centrality increase two-sided interest in transacting. These results suggest that network structure can produce trust in marketplace transactions and imply that network-based trust mechanisms can offer an appealing alternative to formal reputation systems in mitigating moral hazard and adverse selection in digital marketplaces.
Performance Comparison of TDE and FDE in Single-Carrier System (2009)

Single carrier transmission with cyclic prefix (SC- CP) has been adopted in wireless applications as an alternative air interface to orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). In this paper, we compare the time and frequency domain equalization schemes utilizing regular LDPC codes in SC-CP system. Simulation results show that CP can be employed for better decoding in a multipath environment. Time domain equalizer has better performance than frequency domain equalizer with short duration of channel impulse response (CIR).
ChemInform Abstract: STEPWISE REDUCTION OF THE THIOCARBONYL LIGAND‐ HYDRIDE TRANSFER TO CS‐ THIOFORMYL, THIOFORMALDEHYDE, METHYLTHIOLATO, SECONDARY CARBENE, FORMYL AND IMINOFORMYL COMPLEXES OF OSMIUM (1979)

Abstract Bei Carbonylierung des aus (I) über (II) erhältlichen Osmiumkomplexes (III) wird zunächst ein Phosphin‐Ligand zu (IV) substituiert und anschließend der Hydrid‐Wasserstof f zum CS‐Liganden hin verdrängt, wobei der Thi formylkomplex (V) entsteht.
A new statistical approach for the automatic segmentation of continuous speech signals (1988)

A statistical approach for the segmentation of a continuous speech signal to detect acoustic events is presented. Experiments are carried out to test the segmentation algorithms. Reasonable results are obtained with speech signals, although these are not exactly piecewise stationary. A comparison between the experimental results of automatic and handmade segmentations, demonstrates the potential acoustic-phonetic classification capability of the proposed algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Detecting and Locating Leaks in Underground Water Mains Using Thermography (2009)

Detecting and Locating Leaks in Underground Water Mains Using Thermography Mohamed Fahmy, Osama Moselhi Pages 61-67 (2009 Proceedings of the 26th ISARC, Austin, USA, ISBN 978-0-578-02312-0, ISSN 2413-5844) Abstract: Water systems all over the world experience water losses. Leakage is the most common reason of water loss. Problems associated with water main leaks are a growing concern around the globe. These problems include water and energy loss, in addition to considerable properties damage. In current practice, not all water leaks can be detected due to intensive time and expensive cost associated with the leak detection process; consequently, some leaks are still occurring and lead to problems mentioned above. Management of water leaks can be improved if leaks can be detected effectively then rectified efficiently. This paper presents a study conducted for detection of water leaks, and identification of their respective locations in underground pipelines using Thermography IR camera. The paper describes the field work and the experimental protocol, which were carried out over two years in three different locations in greater Montréal (Canada) area in order to investigate factors that affect the applicability and limitations of the IR technology used in this study. Keywords: Water pipelines; Thermography; Water Leak detection; Failure investigations DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2009/0030 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Increasing Magnetic Hardness of Fe3Se4 via Cu Doping (2021)

The influence of Cu doping on the structural and magnetic properties of the Fe3Se4 ferrimagnet has been investigated by a combination of X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements. While the effects of dopants with ionic radii closer to those of the Fe sites in Fe3Se4 had been studied before, Cu is a less conventional dopant, due to its smaller size (at the same ionic charge) and preference for lower coordination numbers. A (Fe1–xCux)3Se4 series, where x = 0–0.15, has been prepared by either high-temperature annealing or the solvothermal method. Although only a limited amount of Cu enters the Fe3Se4 structure, the Cu doping causes a substantial increase in the coercivity of the material. Furthermore, the samples prepared by the solvothermal method exhibit much larger coercive fields as compared to those observed for the samples prepared by high-temperature annealing. The effect was traced to the higher lattice strain accumulated in the samples synthesized solvothermally, as evidenced by the broadening of their Raman peaks.
In vitro duplication and in vivo cure of mast-cell deficiency of Sl/Sld mutant mice by cloned 3T3 fibroblasts. (1989)

Sl/Sld mutant mice are profoundly deficient in tissue mast cells as a result of a defect in the microenvironment promoting the development of these cells. To facilitate the analysis of the Sl mutation, we attempted to establish an in vitro system in which the in vivo defect of Sl/Sld mice could be reproduced. 3T3 cell lines were established from 17-day-old embryos of Sl/Sld and congenic +/+ genotypes and were cocultured with mast cells obtained in vitro from the bone marrow of +/+ mice. All eight 3T3 cell lines derived from +/+ of T-cell-derived growth factors. By contrast, none of eight 3T3 cell lines from Sl/Sld embryos supported mast cells under similar conditions. The defect in Sl/Sld 3T3 cells was further characterized as a failure to induce the G1-to-S transition in synchronized mast cells upon contact, suggesting that the Sl gene product is indispensable for this activity. When 3T3 cells of +/+ genotype, grown on pieces of cellulose acetate membrane, were transplanted into the peritoneal cavity of Sl/Sld mice, mast cells appeared locally in the transplanted 3T3 cell layers. These results suggested an essential role of fibroblasts in vivo as the tissue microenvironment promoting the development of mast cells and that they are defective in Sl/Sld mice. The present coculture system duplicated mast-cell deficiency of Sl/Sld mice in vitro and should prove useful for analysis of the Sl gene product.
Phorbol ester-induced myeloid differentiation is mediated by protein kinase C-alpha and -delta and not by protein kinase C-beta II, -epsilon, -zeta, and -eta. (1993)

It is generally accepted that the multiple, similar protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are responsible for different specialized physiological processes, but evidence that directly assigns specific functions to specific isozymes is scarce. To test whether specific PKC isozymes are involved in myeloid differentiation, we have studied the effect of overexpression of PKC-alpha, -beta II, -delta, -epsilon, -zeta and -eta in 32D, a mouse myeloid progenitor cell line that does not differentiate in response to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). No significant morphological or phenotypic changes could be observed in unstimulated cells that overexpress any of these isozymes. However, the cell lines that overexpressed PKC-alpha or -delta had acquired the ability to become mature macrophages 2-6 h after TPA stimulation. The overexpression of PKC-beta II, -epsilon, -zeta, or -eta, in contrast, did not permit TPA-induced differentiation. These results indicate that only these two members of the PKC gene family can participate in TPA-induced myeloid differentiation.
Effects of blue light on the circadian system and eye physiology (2016)

Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been used to provide illumination in industrial and commercial environments. LEDs are also used in TVs, computers, smart phones, and tablets. Although the light emitted by most LEDs appears white, LEDs have peak emission in the blue light range (400-490 nm). The accumulating experimental evidence has indicated that exposure to blue light can affect many physiologic functions, and it can be used to treat circadian and sleep dysfunctions. However, blue light can also induce photoreceptor damage. Thus, it is important to consider the spectral output of LED-based light sources to minimize the danger that may be associated with blue light exposure. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the effects of blue light on the regulation of physiologic functions and the possible effects of blue light exposure on ocular health.
Conditions for current or field stratification in an electron-hole plasma (1981)

An analysis is made of the stability of a homogeneous state of an electron-hole plasma heated by an electric field. Particular attention is given to plasmas in which the electron density n is not less than the hole density p and the effective masses of the carriers are quite different (m/sub n/(>>m/sub e/). It is shown that stability is lost when the differential conductivity is positive and there are fluctuations with a particular wave vector k directed at an angle phi = 0 to the lines of flow of current (field stratification) or at phi = ..pi../2 (current density stratification). The stratification of the current occurs when the ratio p/n is sufficiently small. As the nonequilibrium hole density increases, for example by photogeneration, there is a transition from the current to the field stratification at a particular ratio of carrier densities, and at a critical heating. It is shown that the current stratification is due to the presence of a local ''latent'' S-type current-voltage characteristic of the plasma, and field stratification is due to a local ''latent'' N-type characteristic. The external conditions and plasma parameters under which stratification occurs are determined on the basis of these local ''latent'' many-valued characteristics.more » The results for the various possible cases are tabulated.« less
Coincidence between Geographical Distribution of Leptotrombidium scutellare and Scrub Typhus Incidence in South Korea (2014)

To clarify the geographical distribution of scrub typhus vectors in Korea, a survey of larval trombiculid mites was conducted from 2005 to 2007 by collecting wild small mammals twice a year (spring and autumn) at 24 sites nationwide. A total of 67,325 mites representing 4 genera and 14 species were collected from 783 trapped rodents, corresponding to a chigger index (number of chigger mites per rodent) of 86.0. The predominant mite species were Leptotrombidium pallidum (52.6%), Leptotrombiduim scutellare (27.1%), Leptotrombidium palpale (8.2%), Leptotrombidium orientale (5.6%), and Neotrombicula tamiyai (1.7%). However, the proportions of L. scutellare in southern areas, including endemic provinces such as Jeollabuk-Do (34.3%), Jeollanam-Do (49.0%), and Gyeongsangnam-Do (88%), were relatively higher than in central Korean regions where L. pallidum was predominant. In autumn, the ratio of L. scutellare increased to 42% while the ratio of L. pallidum decreased. The geographical distribution map of the L. scutellare chigger index was identical to the incidence pattern of scrub typhus, whereas those of overall mites and L. pallidum showed no relationship with case incidence patterns. Distribution mapping analysis shows an identical geographical distribution of L. scutellare and epidemic incidence of scrub typhus in South Korea. L. pallidum could be another vector at all other parts of the Korean peninsula, including the eastern and northern regions that have a low level of scrub typhus incidence.
Lessons on Teaching Malware Investigations Online (2016)

This paper starts with describing some methods of teaching the history of malware and the response to adult learners visiting an online malware museum. We also discuss some of the methodologies and tools that a student can use to see live malware processes on his/her laptop while enrolled in a malware class. The paper also discusses how to learn more about the activity of the malware, methods to remove it, and some organizations that the student may join in order to network with corporate, academic, and law enforcement personnel to get the latest information on certain types of malware and their variants.
Tribological and Rheological Properties of Poly(vinyl alcohol)-Gellan Gum Composite Hydrogels (2022)

Polymeric poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based composite hydrogels are promising materials with various biomedical applications. However, their mechanical and tribological properties should be tailored for such applications. In this study, we report the fabrication of PVA-gellan gum (GG) composite hydrogels and determine the effect of GG content on their rheological and tribological properties. The rheology tests revealed an enhanced storage (elastic) modulus with increased gellan gum (GG) concentration. The results showed up to 89% enhancement of the elastic modulus of PVA by adding 0.5 wt% gellan gum. This elastic modulus (12.1 ± 0.8 kPa) was very close to that of chondrocyte and its surrounding pericellular matrix (12 ± 1 kPa), rendering them ideal for cartilage regeneration applications. Furthermore, the friction coefficient was reduced by up to 80% by adding GG to PVA, demonstrating the increased elastic modulus improved chance of survival under mechanical shear stresses. Examining PVA/GG at different concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 wt% of GG, we demonstrate that at a load of 5 N, the friction coefficient decreases by increasing the GG concentration. However, at higher loads of 10 and 15 N, a 0.3 wt% concentration was sufficient to significantly reduce the friction coefficient. For PVA and PVA/GG composites, we observed a reduction in friction coefficient by increasing the load from 5 to 15 N. We also found the friction to be independent of the sliding velocity. Possible mechanisms of achieving a reduced friction coefficient are discussed.
Real-time polymerase chain reaction: applications to studies on soilborne pathogens (2005)

Real-time, or quantitative, polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR), offers a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the diagnosis of plant pathogens in soil, water, air, and plant samples. Fluorescence is used to monitor the accumulation of the PCR product after each PCR cycle. The fluorescence data are used to extrapolate the amount of target DNA present in the sample before amplification so that detection and quantification are achieved in a single assay. Detection limits are generally in the femtogram range for purified pathogen DNA, in the picogram range for pathogen DNA in plant samples, and one to several spores for soil samples. Quantification is reliable over a dynamic range of five to seven orders of magnitude of target DNA, in which differences of two fold or more in target DNA can be detected. Real-time PCR has already been recognized as a valuable tool for epidemiological studies, disease management, detection of emerging pathogens, evaluation of resistance and tolerance to disease, and phytosanitary screens. In this review, we compare four major real-time chemistries that have been used for the detection and quantification of soilborne plant pathogens and discuss the advantages and limitations of TaqMan™ and SYBR™ green I, the most widely used chemistries. Current applications of real-time PCR to the diagnosis of plant pathogens in soil and plant samples, considerations for assay development, and variations in measurements are also discussed
Classification of electrically-evoked compound action potentials in the parkinsonian subthalamic nucleus region (2022)

Abstract Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) generated in the subthalamic nucleus (STN) contain features that may be useful for titrating deep brain stimulation (DBS) therapy for Parkinson’s disease. Delivering a strong therapeutic effect with DBS therapies, however, relies on selectively targeting neural pathways to avoid inducing side effects. In this study, we investigated the spatiotemporal features of ECAPs in and around the STN across parameter sweeps of stimulation current amplitude, pulse width, and electrode configuration, and used a linear classifier of ECAP responses to predict electrode location. Four non-human primates were implanted unilaterally with either a directional (n = 3) or non-directional (n = 1) DBS lead targeting the sensorimotor STN. ECAP responses were characterized by primary features (within 1.6 ms after a stimulus pulse) and secondary features (between 1.6–7.4 ms after a stimulus pulse). Using these ECAP features, a linear classifier was able to accurately differentiate electrodes within the STN versus dorsal to the STN in all four subjects. ECAP responses varied systematically with recording and stimulating electrode locations, which provides a subject-specific neuroanatomical basis for selecting electrode configurations in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease with DBS therapy.
MAP track fusion performance evaluation (2003)

The purpose of this paper is to develop a quantifiable performance evaluation method for MAP (Maximum A Posterior) track fusion algorithm. The goal is to provide analytical fusion performance without extensive Monte Carlo simulations. The idea is to develop methodologies for steady state fusion performance. Several fusion algorithms such as simple convex combination, cross-covariance combination (CC), information matrix (IM), and MAP fusion have been studied and several performance evaluation methods have been proposed. But most of them are not based on the steady state of an actual dynamic system. This paper conducts similar analysis for MAP fusion algorithm. It has been shown that the MAP or Best-Linear Unbiased Estimate (BLUE) fusion formula provides the best linear minimum mean squared estimates (LMMSE) given local estimates under the linear Gaussian assumption in a static situation (i.e., single iteration). However, in a dynamic situation, recursive fusion iterations are needed and the impact on the performance is not obvious. This paper proposes a systematic analytical procedure to evaluate the performance of such algorithm under two different communication strategies. Specifically, hierarchical fusion with and without feedback is considered. Theoretical curves for the steady state performance of the fusion algorithm with various communication patterns are given. They provide performance bounds for different operating conditions.
Regulation of hepatic apolipoprotein-B-containing lipoprotein secretion (1996)

The overall secretion of hepatic lipid as VLDL may be regulated by (i) changing the number of particles secreted as a result of altering apolipoprotein B output and (ii) changing the degree of lipidation of the particles with triacylglycerol so that their diameters vary over a threefold range. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the pathway of triacylglycerol incorporation into VLDL. Less is understood about the processes that commit apolipoprotein B either to secretion or to presecretory degradation, although both regulated translocation and an early lipidation step of the nascent particle with cholesterol or cholesterol ester have been implicated.
Anticancer activity of phenolic antioxidants against breast cancer cells and a spontaneous mammary tumor (2006)

Phenolics such as ferulic, caffeic, gallic acids and curcumin were tested for their potential anti proliferative and cytotoxic properties in human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) as well as on a spontaneous mammary adenocarcinoma tumor. As a single agent, caffeic acid showed substantial growth inhibitory activity. In combination with cisplatin it was also found to be effective. For the current study we used a chick embryo model to assess antiangiogenic activity. Curcumin and its beta cyclodextrin complex were observed to interfere with capillary formation. The selected phenolics were structurally related which allowed us to gather additional information regarding the structure - activity relationship underlying the biological activity of these bioactive compounds. It was verified that the hydroxylated acid derivatives yielded better results than the merely hydroxylated ones in these tumor systems.
<title>Comparison of fuzzy-cluster-based time-frequency signatures for automatic classification of underground minelike targets</title> (1999)

Metal and nonmetal objects, buried to a selected depth in dry sand in an indoor sandbox, are illuminated by an impulse radar system playing the role of a ground penetrating radar (GPR). The recorded time-series data of backscattered echoes from these targets are analyzed in the joint time-frequency domain using a pseudo-Wigner distribution (PWD). These distributions with their extracted features in the two-dimensional time- frequency domain are viewed as the target signatures. We have previously demonstrated the usefulness of the PWD for target identification purposes, in particular the merits of the PWD relative to various competing time-frequency distributions for targets buried at different depths. We have also used a classification method developed from the fuzzy C-means (FCM) clustering technique to reduce the number and kind of features in the PWD signature templates. This is accomplished by converting the PWD signature into a representation by a cluster of points associated with a weight and then reducing the cluster to a number of (weightless) cluster centers. We investigate here how the selected number of cluster centers and the choice of a governing parameter in the FCM algorithm influence the target recognition capability of the resulting signature representations. The classification algorithm is tested against validation data taken from an additional set of returned echoes. The same targets are used but they are buried at a different location in the sand. Class membership of a target is then decided using a simple metric. The results of our investigation serve to assess the possibility of identifying subsurface targets using a GPR, by means of the present technique.
Amaranthus hybridus L. (2000)

https://thekeep.eiu.edu/herbarium_specimens_byname/10233/thumbnail.jpg
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐ARYL‐4‐HYDROXY‐3(2H)‐ISOTHIAZOLONE 1,1‐DIOXIDE DERIVATIVES. SYNTHESIS AND CARBON‐13 NMR CHARACTERIZATION (1984)

Abstract Aus den Sulfonamiden (I) entstehen mit den Oxalsäureesterchloriden (II) die Acylverbindungen (III), die mit tert.‐Butylat zu den Isothiazolen (IV) führen.
A neuro-fuzzy system for prediction of pulp digester K-number (2003)

A neuro-fuzzy system (NFS) has been developed for the prediction of K-number (K ) in a continuous wood pulp digester. The NFS architecture uses a K-means fuzzifier and a modified center-average defuzzifier for fuzzy/crisp conversion. The fuzzy rule base is determined from observed input/output data via an iterative rule-confidence matrix training algorithm, and a max-min fuzzy inference engine is used for rule interpretation. A hybrid backpropagation/genetic-algorithm training routine was developed for tuning of all membership functions. K modeling experiments were conducted on six months of observed industrial digester data at a fifteen-minute sample rate. A variable transform was developed and successfully applied to process variable representation, effectively describing the history of an input variable over a specified window of time.
New Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) Derivatives Linked to Various Acceptors for Advanced Materials (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.