gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enabling Science Support for Better Decision‐Making when Responding to Chemical Spills (2016)

Chemical spills and accidents contaminate the environment and disrupt societies and economies around the globe. In the United States there were approximately 172,000 chemical spills that affected US waterbodies from 2004 to 2014. More than 8000 of these spills involved non-petroleum-related chemicals. Traditional emergency responses or incident command structures (ICSs) that respond to chemical spills require coordinated efforts by predominantly government personnel from multiple disciplines, including disaster management, public health, and environmental protection. However, the requirements of emergency response teams for science support might not be met within the traditional ICS. We describe the US ICS as an example of emergency-response approaches to chemical spills and provide examples in which external scientific support from research personnel benefitted the ICS emergency response, focusing primarily on nonpetroleum chemical spills. We then propose immediate, near-term, and long-term activities to support the response to chemical spills, focusing on nonpetroleum chemical spills. Further, we call for science support for spill prevention and near-term spill-incident response and identify longer-term research needs. The development of a formal mechanism for external science support of ICS from governmental and nongovernmental scientists would benefit rapid responders, advance incident- and crisis-response science, and aid society in coping with and recovering from chemical spills.
Juvenile Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (1988)

Juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia (JCML) is a malignant hematopoietic disorder of monocyte-histiocyte lineage that affects children less than 4 years of age. Since the disease represents only 2% of all childhood leukemias, experience with it has been limited even in large centers. This review summarizes our 10 year institutional study of JCML as well as a comprehensive literature survey. The goal of the article is to underscore the cardinal features of juvenile chronic myelogenous leukemia that are useful for diagnosis, and to highlight recent advances in the understanding of the biology and treatment of the disease.
Congenic Mapping and Candidate Sequencing of Susceptibility Genes for Type 1 Diabetes in the NOD Mouse (2003)

Inheritance of type 1 diabetes is polygenic with a major susceptibility gene located in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). In addition to MHC-linked susceptibility, a number of susceptibility genes have been mapped outside the MHC in both humans and animal models. In order to localize and identify susceptibility genes for type 1 diabetes, we have developed a series of congenic strains in which either susceptibility intervals from the NOD mouse, a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, were introgressed onto control background genes or protective intervals from control strains were introgressed onto NOD background genes. NOD. CTS-H-2 congenic mice, which possess recombinant MHC with NOD alleles at class II A and E genes, which are candidates for Idd1, revealed that Idd1 consists of multiple components, one in class II (Idd1) and the other adjacent to, but distinct from, Idd1 (Idd16). Phenotypes of NOD. IIS-Idd3 congenic mice, which share the same alleles at both Il2 and Il21 as the NOD mouse, were indistinguishable from the NOD parental strain, indicating that both Il2 and Il21 are candidates for Idd3. In contrast, NOD. IIS-Idd10 congenic mice, which share the same alleles at Fcgr1, a previous candidate for Idd10, as the NOD mouse, were protected from type 1 diabetes, suggesting that Fcgr1 may not be responsible for the Idd10 effect. These data suggest that the use of strain colony closely related to a disease model to find the same candidate mutation on different haplotypes and make congenic strains with this recombinant chromosome, termed ancestral haplotype congenic mapping, is an effective strategy for fine mapping and identification of genes responsible for complex traits.
Rotavirus Vaccination of Infants Delayed and Limited within the National Immunization Programme in the Netherlands: An Opportunity Lost (2021)

In this study, we estimated the benefits of rotavirus vaccination for infants had the rotavirus vaccine been introduced in the Netherlands as of its market authorization in 2006. An age-structured, deterministic cohort model was developed to simulate different birth cohorts over a period of 15 years from 2006 until 2021, comparing both universal and targeted high-risk group vaccination to no vaccination. Different scenarios for the duration of protection (5 or 7 years) and herd immunity (only for universal vaccination) were analyzed. All birth cohorts together included 2.6 million infants, of which 7.9% were high-risk individuals, and an additional 13.2 million children between 1-15 years born prior to the first cohort in 2006. The costs and health outcomes associated with rotavirus vaccination were calculated per model scenario and discounted at 4% and 1.5%, respectively. Our analysis reveals that, had rotavirus vaccination been implemented in 2006, it would have prevented 356,800 (51% decrease) and 32,200 (5% decrease) cases of rotavirus gastroenteritis after universal and targeted vaccination, respectively. Over the last 15 years, this would have led to significant avoided costs and quality-adjusted life year losses for either vaccination strategy with the most favorable outcomes for universal vaccination. Clearly, an opportunity has been lost.
A Multi-Time-Step Transmission Line Interface for Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulators (2019)

Developing a general and stable numerical interface for power hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) applications is a major challenge. This paper proposes a stable, robust and precise implementation of a multi-time-step interface for a PHIL simulator based on the Bergeron transmission line model (BTLM). Two limitations of the transmission-line-based interface were identified, and remedial strategies were formulated in order to ensure that the interface was compatible with the PHIL application. Stability and passivity analyses were then conducted on the resulting interface to verify its performance. The proposed interface was implemented in an experimental 3-kVA PHIL setup, using a custom-made switching power amplifier (PA). Multiple tests were performed in order to demonstrate the stability and accuracy of the closed-loop system under a wide range of operating conditions and with various devices under test (DUTs). Experimental results were obtained from islanding tests involving different simulated load configurations and solar inverter responses to network disturbance while operating in a closed-loop configuration.
Detection of brachytherapy seeds using 3D ultrasound (2008)

Imaging and detection of brachytherapy seeds using transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) remains a challenge for prostate brachytherapy, mainly due to the small size of brachytherapy seeds in relatively low-quality B-mode TRUS images. In this paper, we propose a new solution for brachytherapy seed detection using 3D ultrasound. We use 3D reflected power images computed from ultrasound radio-frequency signals, instead of using conventional B-mode images. Then implanted seeds are detected in 3D local search spaces that are determined by a priori knowledge. Experimental results showed that the proposed solution works well for seed localization in the prostate phantom.
An intelligent interface agent for an airline company web portal (2009)

Abstract. In this paper we introduce an implementation of an Intelligent Interface Agent to support the use of a web portal in an airline company. The interface agent architecture and data model is presented. We formalized concepts such as relevance and proximity regarding the data structure. The concepts of personal opinion and general opinion are also introduced and formalized. A statistical analysis was performed to obtain the best value when processing the general opinion. Some results of that analysis are presented and we conclude discussing our work and presenting future improvements.
Co-Clinical Study of [fam-] Trastuzumab Deruxtecan (DS8201a) in Patient-Derived Xenograft Models of Uterine Carcinosarcoma and Its Association with Clinical Efficacy (2023)

We successfully performed a co-clinical study of T-DXd in HER2-expressing UCS, along with the STATICE trial. Our PDX models can predict clinical efficacy and serve as an effective preclinical evaluation platform.
Multiple Error-Correcting WOM-Codes (2011)

A Write Once Memory (WOM) is a storage medium with binary memory elements, called cells, that can change from the zero state to the one state only once. Examples of WOMs include punch cards and optical disks. WOM-codes, introduced by Rivest and Shamir, permit the reuse of a WOM by taking into account the location of cells that have already been changed to the one state. The objective in designing WOM-codes is to use the fewest number of cells to store a specified number of information bits in each of several reuses of the memory. An [n,k,t] WOM-code C is a coding scheme for storing k information bits in n cells t times. At each write, the state of each cell can be changed, provided that the cell is changed from the zero state to the one state. The rate of C, defined by R(C) = kt/n, indicates the total amount of information that is possible to store in a cell in t writes. Two WOM-code constructions correcting a single cell-error were presented by Zemor and Cohen. In this paper, we present another construction of a single-error-correcting WOM-code with a better rate. Our construction can be adapted also for single-error-detection, double-error-correction, and triple-error-correction. For the last case, we use triple-error-correcting BCH-like codes, which were presented by Kasami and more recently described again by Bracken and Helleseth. Finally, we show two constructions that can be combined for the correction of an arbitrary number of errors.
Genetic Algorithms for Adaptive Psychophysical Procedures: Recipient-Directed Design of Speech-Processor MAPs (2005)

The results suggest a means whereby a potentially large number of audio-processing designs can be searched efficiently by a human listener without requiring excessive amounts of feedback or prior knowledge about the listener's preferences. In the case of cochlear-implant recipients, it may be possible to use this procedure as an aid to the clinician in the fitting of a speech processor MAP.
Cyclic amidines. Part 26. The reported syntheses of 7-anilino-6-aryl-5,12-diazabenz[a]anthracenes are reinvestigated and their correct structures identified (1986)

The reaction between aryl methyl ketones and triphenylguanidine reported to yield 7-anilino-6-aryl-5,12-diazabenz[a]anthracenes is reviewed. With anomalies in the reported data for some intermediates in this reaction, we propose and synthesise possible alternative structures for the title compounds and conclude that the reaction produces 6-anilino-7-aryl-5,12-diazabenz[a]anthracenes.
Transcriptional Activity of Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2015)

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) have been implicated in human physiology and in human pathology. A better knowledge of the retroviral transcriptional activity in the general population and during the life span would greatly help the debate on its pathologic potential. The transcriptional activity of four HERV families (H, K, W, and E) was assessed, by qualitative and quantitative PCR, in PBMCs from 261 individuals aged from 1 to 80 years. Our results show that HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W, but not HERV-E, are transcriptionally active in the test population already in the early childhood. In addition, the transcriptional levels of HERV-H, HERV-K, and HERV-W change significantly during the life span, albeit with distinct patterns. Our results, reinforce the hypothesis of a physiological correlation between HERVs activity and the different stages of life in humans. Studies aiming at identifying the factors, which are responsible for these changes during the individual's life, are still needed. Although the observed phenomena are presumably subjected to great variability, the basal transcriptional activity of each individual, also depending on the different ages of life, must be carefully considered in all the studies involving HERVs as causative agents of disease.
Illumination and Affine- Invariant Point Matching using an Ordinal Approach (2007)

We present an approach for illumination and affine-invariant point matching using ordinal features. Ordinal measures for matching only consider the order between pixels and not the absolute intensity values which enables them to be invariant to a monotonic change in intensities. The utility of such measures has been demonstrated in the past for point matching for some applications such as background subtraction and stereo matching. However, invariance of such methods to geometric transformations has been limited leading to their inapplicability for more generic matching applications such as object recognition, wide-baseline stereo matching, mosaicing or tracking points on moving objects. In this paper, we extend such methods for use in such applications. The method is invariant to an affine transformation in the patch, which makes it applicable to a variety of applications. At the same time, our method is robust to different types of noise processes possible in a real scene. Experiments indicate favorable performance when compared to other state-of-the-art methods for affine-invariant point matching.
Kinetics of nonisothermal phase change with arbitrary temperature–time history and initial transformed phase distributions (2021)

This paper describes the extension of the classic Avrami equation to nonisothermal systems with arbitrary temperature-time history and arbitrary initial distributions of transformed phase. We start by showing that through examination of phase change in Fourier space, we can decouple the nucleation rate, growth rate, and transformed fraction, leading to the derivation of a nonlinear differential equation relating these three properties. We then consider a population balance partial differential equation (PDE) on the phase size distribution and solve it analytically. Then, by relating this PDE solution to the transformed fraction of phase, we are able to derive initial conditions to the differential equation relating nucleation rate, growth rate, and transformed fraction.
Risk Factors for a First-Incident Radiographic Vertebral Fracture in Women 65 Years of Age: The Study of Osteoporotic Fractures (2005)

Vertebral fractures in older women signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures.To identify risk factors for first vertebral fractures, we studied 5822 women ≥65 years of age who had no fracture on baseline radiographs of the spine.Several modifiable risk factors increased an older woman's risk of developing a first vertebral fracture, and women with multiple risk factors and low BMD had the highest risk.Risk factors and low BMD should be useful to help focus efforts to prevent these fractures.Introduction: Vertebral fractures are a common cause of back pain and disability and signal an increased risk of additional osteoporotic fractures in older women.Little is known about the risk factors for the first occurrence of a vertebral fracture.Materials and Methods: To identify risk factors for a first vertebral fracture, we studied 5822 women Ն65 years of age from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures who had no fracture on baseline radiographs of the spine.We measured potential risk factors and BMD of the wrist and calcaneus at baseline and BMD of the spine and hip halfway through follow-up.Fractures were assessed by standard methods from spine radiographs obtained at baseline and follow-up an average of 3.7 years later. Results and Conclusions:In multivariable analyses, older age, previous nonspine fracture, low BMD at all sites, a low body mass index (BMI), current smoking, low milk consumption during pregnancy, low levels of daily physical activity, having a fall, and regular use of aluminum-containing antacids independently increased the risk of a first vertebral fracture.Women using estrogen and those who engaged in recreational physical activity had a decreased risk.The effects of low BMI, smoking, use of estrogen and antacids, and previous fracture were partially mediated by BMD.Women in the lower third of wrist BMD with five or more risk factors had a 12-fold greater risk than women in the highest third of BMD who had zero to three risk factors.The 27% of women at highest risk suffered 60% of the incident fractures.In conclusion, several modifiable risk factors and BMD independently increase an older woman's risk of developing a first vertebral fracture.The combination of risk factors and BMD should be useful for focusing efforts to prevent vertebral fractures.
Spruce Budworm (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Oral Secretions I: Biology and Function (2015)

The potential roles of the oral secretions (OS) of spruce budworm (SBW; Choristoneura fumiferana Clemens) larvae and factors that may affect the volume of OS disgorged were investigated in the laboratory. Experiments revealed that diet-fed SBW larvae readily disgorge OS when induced ("milked"), with minimal overall cost to their development and eventual pupal weight. Exposure of conspecific larvae to OS throughout larval development negatively affected survival and male pupal weight; however, male development time was faster when exposed to OS. Female pupal weight and development time were not affected. Preliminary experiments suggested that OS had a repellent effect on a co-occurring herbivore, the false hemlock looper, Nepytia canosaria (Walker). OS produced by larvae that fed on three host tree species and on artificial diet significantly increased the grooming time of ants (Camponotus sp.), indicating that SBW OS have an anti-predator function. The volume of OS is significantly greater in L6 than in L4 or L5, with the volume produced by L6 depending on weight and age as well as feeding history at time of milking. These findings indicate that SBW OS function as both an intra- and interspecific epideictic pheromone and as an anti-predator defensive mechanism, while incurring minimal metabolic costs.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Formylation of Organomercurials:  Application to Efficient Polyol Synthesis (2000)

The rhodium-catalyzed formylation of organomercurials-a new transformation of organomercurials-is reported. The addition of 0.50 equiv of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) was found to promote the reaction, and it is postulated that the DABCO acts as a ligand for mercury. Several examples are presented to document the scope of the reaction. This reaction was developed in the context of a larger program focused on the development of efficient strategies for the synthesis of polyol-derived natural products, and an efficient (8 steps) synthesis of Tolypothrix pentaether that employs this methodology is reported.
Synthesis of Specific Solvatochromic D‐π‐A Dyes with Pyridinium Ring as Electron‐Withdrawing Group for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2013)

Abstract Specific solvatochromic D‐π‐A‐type pyridinium dyes were designed and developed as photosensitizers for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The dyes have N ‐sulfobutylpyridinium or N ‐(carboxybutyl)pyridinium bromide as an electron‐withdrawing anchoring group. The two dyes show specific solvatochromism, leading to a large bathochromic shift of the absorption band in halogenated solvents. Moreover, a dye‐adsorbed TiO 2 film immersed into halogenated solvents exhibits specific solvatochromism, as does a dye solution of halogenated solvents. DSSCs based on specific solvatochromic D‐π‐A‐type pyridinium dyes and halogenated solvents as electrolyte solvent were prepared and their photovoltaic performance investigated. It was found that the appropriate combination of solvatochromic dyes with electrolyte solution and the effective interaction between solvatochromic dyes and TiO 2 surface can lead to not only an enhancement of light‐harvesting efficiency (LHE), but also efficient electron injection from the dye to the conduction band (CB) of TiO 2 . This work demonstrates that the solvatochromism of organic dyes is a key consideration for high‐performance DSSCs based on organic dye sensitizers.
Solubility of Gases in a Common Ionic Liquid from Molecular Dynamics Based Free Energy Calculations (2014)

Solubility of eight common gases in the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [emim][Tf2N], ionic liquid was systematically investigated based on alchemical free energy calculations from molecular dynamics simulations. The simulated solubilities and trend in terms of Henry's law constants agree qualitatively with the experiment. Polar gases such as H2S and nonpolar gases with a large quadrupole moment such as CO2 show the highest solubility, while nonpolar gases of small quadrupole moments (such as N2 and H2) are least soluble. The solute-ionic liquid interaction correlates with the observed solubility order. We also examined the temperature dependence of solubility for CO2 and N2 and found that the CO2 solvation in IL is exothermic with a negative solvation enthalpy, while the N2 solvation is endothermic, in agreement with the experiment.
Introduction: anaesthetic practice. Past and present (2007)

The past three centuries have brought many changes to the care of patients undergoing anaesthesia. Many of those changes have been at the hands of inspirational doctors who many now regard as pioneers of present-day anaesthesia.
Abstract 486: Role of the Adenine Nucleotide Translocator Family in the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore (2018)

Cardiomyocyte necrosis is dependent on the prolonged opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) which has escaped molecular identification for decades. Once thought to be comprised of the adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT) family, this hypothesis has fell by the way side when it was shown that liver mitochondria devoid of ANT 1 and 2 still display MPTP opening, even though these mitochondria were desensitized to MPTP opening and required a greater calcium bolus for it to engage. Thus, the ANT family has been labeled as a critical regulator of the MPTP and not the pore forming component. However, mice express three isoforms of ANT and only two of the three isoforms where deleted when ANTs were deemed to be non-essential. We hypothesize that the third ANT isoform may have compensated for the loss of the other two ANT family members during this analysis. Here, we have generated mice lacking all isoforms of ANT in a heart-, liver-, or cell-specific manner. Surprisingly, mice lacking all isoforms of ANT specifically in the liver are viable and are highly resistant to MPTP opening. Indeed, the amount of calcium required to engage the MPTP in mitochondria lacking all ANTs is 11 fold higher than wild type mitochondria and greater than 2 fold higher than wild type mitochondria treated with the MPTP inhibitor cyclosporine A (CsA). Furthermore, the treatment of CsA on ANT null liver mitochondria completely blocks MPTP opening suggesting that the ANT family is the primary pore in the liver. However, when subjected to extreme levels of calcium, a cyclophilin D (CypD) dependent pore engages. CypD is the MPTP trigger located in the matrix of the mitochondria which is inhibited by CsA and in wild type mitochondria high levels of calcium are enough to overcome the inhibition of CypD to open the pore. But, in ANT depleted liver mitochondria, extremely high levels of calcium do not override CypD inhibition which is suggestive of the presence of an additional pore. Further experimentation is underway to determine if MPTP-conductance is detectable by patch clamping mitoplasts lacking all isoforms of ANT.