gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction and characterization of a cytochemically assayable Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitor/glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase stimulator in the hypothalamus and plasma of man and the rat (1987)

Some physicochemical properties of partially purified hypothalamic material from the spontaneously hypertensive rat, and of plasma from man and the rat, have been characterized using a validated cytochemical bioassay which measures the ability of biological fluids to stimulate fresh guinea-pig kidney glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) after 2 min of exposure to the test substance, as an indication of their ability to inhibit Na+/K+ adenosine triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) after 4-6 min of exposure. The G6PD-stimulating activity of both hypothalamic extract and plasma is soluble in water and insoluble in chloroform. During electrophoresis the activity from both sites appears in the same fractions and travels considerably further than lysine. After high-pressure liquid chromatography the activity of hypothalamic extract appears in a discreet fraction which does not absorb u.v. light. The activity of both the hypothalamic extract and plasma survives boiling and acid hydrolysis, but is substantially inhibited by prior incubation with digoxin antibody. From ultrafiltration studies, the substance responsible for the ability to stimulate G6PD appears to have a molecular weight of less than 500. The G6PD-stimulating activity of hypothalamic extracts was destroyed by ashing and by base hydrolysis. The ability of plasma of high activity to stimulate G6PD is considerably increased by incubating at 37 degrees C for 15 min and destroyed by incubation for 45 min. It is concluded that these and several other previously noted similarities suggest that the cytochemically assayable Na+/K+-ATPase-inhibiting/G6PD-stimulating activity in the plasma and hypothalamus may be due to the same ouabain-like substance.
A palaeoclimate proxy database for water security planning in Queensland Australia (2021)

Palaeoclimate data relating to hydroclimate variability over the past millennia have a vital contribution to make to the water sector globally. The water industry faces considerable challenges accessing climate data sets that extend beyond that of historical gauging stations. Without this, variability around the extremes of floods and droughts is unknown and stress-testing infrastructure design and water demands is challenging. User-friendly access to relevant palaeoclimate data is now essential, and importantly, an efficient process to determine which proxies are most relevant to a planning scenario, and geographic area of interest. This paper presents PalaeoWISE (Palaeoclimate Data for Water Industry and Security Planning) a fully integrated, and quality-assured database of proxy data extracted from data repositories and publications collated in Linked Paleo Data (LiPD) format. We demonstrate the application of the database in Queensland, one of Australia's most hydrologically extreme states. The database and resultant hydroclimate correlations provides both the scientific community, and water resource managers, with a valuable resource to better manage for future climate changes.
The Sheep as a Model of Preclinical Safety and Pharmacokinetic Evaluations of Candidate Microbicides (2015)

When developing novel microbicide products for the prevention of HIV infection, the preclinical safety program must evaluate not only the active pharmaceutical ingredient but also the product itself. To that end, we applied several relatively standard toxicology study methodologies to female sheep, incorporating an assessment of the pharmacokinetics, safety, tolerability, and local toxicity of a dapivirine-containing human vaginal ring formulation (Dapivirine Vaginal Ring-004). We performed a 3-month general toxicology study, a preliminary pharmacokinetic study using drug-loaded vaginal gel, and a detailed assessment of the kinetics of dapivirine delivery to plasma, vaginal, and rectal fluid and rectal, vaginal, and cervical tissue over 28 days of exposure and 3 and 7 days after removal of the ring. The findings of the general toxicology study supported the existing data from both preclinical and clinical studies in that there were no signs of toxicity related to dapivirine. In addition, the presence of the physical dapivirine ring did not alter local or systemic toxicity or the pharmacokinetics of dapivirine. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that the dapivirine ring produced significant vaginal tissue levels of dapivirine. However, no dapivirine was detected in cervical tissue samples using the methods described here. Plasma and vaginal fluid levels were lower than those in previous clinical studies, while there were detectable dapivirine levels in the rectal tissue and fluid. All tissue and fluid levels tailed off rapidly to undetectable levels following removal of the ring. The sheep represents a very useful model for the assessment of the safety and pharmacokinetics of microbicide drug delivery devices, such as the vaginal ring.
Making research tools accessible for AU AI students (2008)

The AI community is constantly creating and improving sophisticated tools for visualizing, understanding, and investigating AI algorithms. Because these tools are designed by and for researchers, they do not always present a welcoming interface to students learning the discipline for the first time. This paper presents a set of short assignments that scaffold three freely available libraries of use in AI investigations. We have found that activities such as these give undergraduate students the confidence and capabilities crucial to future success with open-ended AI investigations. In addition, the self-guided tasks free classroom time from software details that are better learned in a hands-on setting. Research tools: risks vs. rewards First and foremost, we teachers of undergraduate AI strive to instill excitement and self-confidence among our students. We want them to be able to read and appreciate the context of current AAAI and HCI research. In addition, AI electives often ask students to gain hands-on experience by implementing a medium-sized project, sometimes of their own design. To be efficient in balancing background knowledge and hands-on experience, students must build atop the resources – libraries, toolsets, and algorithms – that AI researchers constantly create and improve. Examples include graphical modeling tools (Bilmes and Zweig, 2002), robot control libraries and computer vision infrastructures (Montemerlo et al., 2003; Vaughan et al. 2003), user input and support processing of HCI data (Myers et al., 2000), and support for natural language work (Bird, 2005), to name but a few. Such resources complement from-scratch algorithm development in class: students can explore far broader swaths of AI far more deeply by standing on the shoulders of prior work. Yet even well-established research tools do not always make ideal pedagogical platforms. Such tools might emphasize performance and comprehensiveness over accessibility. They may have deep dependence chains that Copyright © 2008, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. make setup or configuration challenging for students hoping to run on their own computers. Documentation may be incomplete or inaccessible to first-time users. Similar drawbacks haunt students’ first exposure to computer programming. A language’s feature set, the IDEcompiler-interpreter setup, and the mental models assumed by the documentation all conspire against the tentative student. We thus emulate the thematic approaches of today’s transformative CS 1 curricula (Bayliss and Strout, 2006; Blank, 2006, Guzdial, 2003, Kumar et al., 2008). A gently-graduated set of motivating tasks wraps skillpractice and fundamental concepts. Later assignments then leverage students’ confidence and independence in order to deepen computational investigations and understanding.
On the activity of deforming medium (2016)

A new approach to the problem of the plastic flow of solid crystals is proposed. This approach is based on studying the macroscopic localization patterns of plastic deformation, which can be considered as different types of autowave processes of defect self-organization. An unambiguous correspondence between the localization patterns and stages of plastic flow in metals is established. A new model is proposed to describe the development of plastic flow localization. A change-over in the patterns of autowave processes of plastic flow evolution and a transition to fracture are attributed to the specific features of the interaction between information and dynamic subsystems.
Conversion and standardization of US university reactor fuels using LEU, status 1989 (1989)

In 1986, the US Department of Energy initiated a program to change the fuel used in most of the US university research reactors using HEU (93%) to LEU({lt}20{percent}) in order to minimize the risk of theft or diversion of this weapons-useable material. An important consideration in the LEU conversion planning process has been the desire to standardize the fuels that are used and to enhance the performance and utilization of the reactors. This paper describes the current status of this conversion process and the plans and schedules to complete an orderly transition from HEU to LEU fuel in most of these reactors. To date, three university reactors have been converted to LEU fuel, completed safety documentation for three reactors is being evaluated by the USNRC, and work on the safety documentation for six reactors is in progress. 13 refs., 9 tabs.
Use of Diesel-Contaminated Soil in Recycled Cold-Mix Pavement (1999)

The United States military, working with the state and the EPA, combined a contaminated asphalt cement and a reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) to produce an asphalt paving material suitable for containing diesel-contaminated soil. The project involved the use of various contaminated and waste materials, including a diesel-contaminated soil, a stockpile of asphalt cement, and a stockpile of RAP. These materials were combined and, depending on their location in the pavement structure, were stabilized with an emulsified asphalt cement to produce an improved roadway pavement. Prior to construction, a laboratory analysis was conducted to determine if the asphalt mixture containing the contaminated soil would leach petroleum materials. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) extract tests on mixtures with and without contaminated materials showed that unacceptable levels of leaching would not occur under the conditions simulated in the laboratory. The RAP material was processed with a crusher to obtain a uniform-sized material. The crushed RAP was then mixed with the contaminated soil and an asphalt emulsion in a pugmill. This mixture was then placed and compacted using conventional asphalt-concrete paving equipment. The use of the materials at this site for pavement construction resulted in substantial savings when considering costs for removal and disposal of these materials. These contaminated materials provided a structurally satisfactory material for pavement construction; the roadway continues to perform satisfactorily since its placement, almost four years ago.
A patient workflow management system built on guidelines. (1997)

To provide high quality, shared, and distributed medical care, clinical and organizational issues need to be integrated. This work describes a methodology for developing a Patient Workflow Management System, based on a detailed model of both the medical work process and the organizational structure. We assume that the medical work process is represented through clinical practice guidelines, and that an ontological description of the organization is available. Thus, we developed tools 1) for acquiring the medical knowledge contained into a guideline, 2) to translate the derived formalized guideline into a computational formalism, precisely a Petri Net, 3) to maintain different representation levels. The high level representation guarantees that the Patient Workflow follows the guideline prescriptions, while the low level takes into account the specific organization characteristics and allow allocating resources for managing a specific patient in daily practice.
A Preliminary Investigation into the Mitigation of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Tailpipe Emissions Through Supervisory Control Methods (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) technologies have the potential for considerable petroleum consumption reductions, possibly at the expense of increased tailpipe emissions due to multiple “cold” start events and improper use of the engine for PHEV specific operation. PHEVs operate predominantly as electric vehicles (EVs) with intermittent assist from the engine during high power demands. As a consequence, the engine can be subjected to multiple cold start events. These cold start events may have a significant impact on the tailpipe emissions due to degraded catalyst performance and starting the engine under less than ideal conditions. On current hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), the first cold start of the engine dictates whether or not the vehicle will pass federal emissions tests. PHEV operation compounds this problem due to infrequent, multiple engine cold starts.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This research experimentally verifies a vehicle supervisory control system for a pre-transmission parallel PHEV powertrain architecture. Energy management strategies are evaluated and implemented in a virtual environment for preliminary assessment of petroleum displacement benefits and rudimentary drivability issues. This baseline vehicle supervisory control strategy, developed as a result of this assessment, is implemented and tested on actual hardware in a controlled laboratory environment over a baseline test cycle.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Engine cold start events are aggressively addressed in the development of this control system, which leads to enhanced pre-warming and energy-based engine warming algorithms that provide substantial reductions in tailpipe emissions over the baseline supervisory control strategy. The flexibility of the PHEV powertrain allows for decreased emissions during any engine starting event through powertrain “torque shaping” algorithms.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results of the research show that PHEVs do have the potential for substantial reductions in fuel consumption. Tailpipe emissions from a PHEV test platform have been reduced to acceptable levels through the development and refinement of vehicle supervisory control methods only. Impacts on fuel consumption were minimal for the emissions reduction techniques implemented.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Has Contemporary Academia Outgrown the Carl Sagan Effect? (2016)

In 1991, the American astronomer and superstar science popularizer Carl Sagan was nominated for membership in the National Academy of Sciences. Despite the efforts of some strong backers—including the Nobel laureate Stanley Miller, who advocated passionately for Sagan's admission to the Academy—
Predicting Sports Scoring Dynamics with Restoration and Anti-Persistence (2015)

Professional team sports provide an excellent domain for studying the dynamics of social competitions. These games are constructed with simple, well-defined rules and payoffs that admit a high-dimensional set of possible actions and nontrivial scoring dynamics. The resulting gameplay and efforts to predict its evolution are the object of great interest to both sports professionals and enthusiasts. In this paper, we consider two online prediction problems for team sports: given a partially observed game Who will score next? and ultimately Who will win? We present novel interpretable generative models of within-game scoring that allow for dependence on lead size (restoration) and on the last team to score (anti-persistence). We then apply these models to comprehensive within-game scoring data for four sports leagues over a ten-year period. By assessing these models' relative goodness-of-fit we shed new light on the underlying mechanisms driving the observed scoring dynamics of each sport. Furthermore, in both predictive tasks, the performance of our models consistently outperforms baselines models, and our models make quantitative assessments of the latent team skill, over time.
A Clinical Score for Quantifying Edema in Mechanically Ventilated Children With Congenital Heart Disease in Intensive Care (2023)

In mechanically ventilated children with congenital heart disease, three groups of observers tended to agree when assessing overall edema using an ordinal clinical score assessed in six body regions, with agreement least at low edema scores. An increase in CES was associated with an increase in body weight, suggesting some validity for quantifying edema. Further exploration of the CES as a rapid clinical tool is indicated.
Automatic extraction of acronym-meaning pairs from MEDLINE databases. (2001)

Acronyms are widely used in biomedical and other technical texts. Understanding their meaning constitutes an important problem in the automatic extraction and mining of information from text. Here we present a system called ACROMED that is part of a set of Information Extraction tools designed for processing and extracting information from abstracts in the Medline database. In this paper, we present the results of two strategies for finding the long forms for acronyms in biomedical texts. These strategies differ from previous automated acronym extraction methods by being tuned to the complex phrase structures of the biomedical lexicon and by incorporating shallow parsing of the text into the acronym recognition algorithm. The performance of our system was tested with several data sets obtaining a performance of 72 % recall with 97 % precision. These results are found to be better for biomedical texts than the performance of other acronym extraction systems designed for unrestricted text.
Synthesis and properties of methano-[12]-, -[18]-, -[20]-, -[22]-, -[24]-annulene and dimethano-[20]- and -[24]-annulene (1988)

Reductive couplings of the vinylogues of cyclohepta-1,3,5-triene-1,6-dicarbaldehyde with a low-valent titanium reagent afforded the corresponding monomeric or dimeric products, i.e. singly bridged or doubly bridged annulenes in most cases. These annulenes showed diatropicity or paratropicity, depending on the number of peripheral conjugated π-electrons. The 1H n.m.r. spectra of the methanoannulenes showed a larger temperature-dependency than those of the closely related tetradehydromethanoannulenes, reflecting the lower planarity and the larger conformational mobility of the molecular skeleton in the former compounds.
A Floating-Body Cell Fully Compatible With 90-nm CMOS Technology Node for a (2007)

A 128-Mb silicon-on-insulator dynamic random ac- cess memory with floating-body cell (FBC) has been successfully developed for the first time. Two technologies have been newly implemented, namely: 1) the optimized well structure and 2) Cu wiring. The well design has been optimized both for the array device and the peripheral circuit in order to realize full function- ality and good retention characteristics. Cu wiring has been used for the bit line and the source line, which increases the signal of the worst bit in the array and also realizes full compatibility with the standard CMOS process. Scalability of FBC down to 45-nm CMOS technology node has been investigated by a device simulation. The signal and the maximum electric field can be maintained constant with the reduction of the device dimensions and the operation voltage.
Limbal Peritomy in Retinal Detachment Surgery (1974)

The surgical technique of limbal peritomy was used in 396 primary scleral buckling procedures and in 24 cases of reoperations. The required reoperations varied from one in 19 cases, to five in one case, a total of 32 reoperations. Follow-up examination ranged from one week to 12 months. There were seven complications of the limbal peritomy noted in 396 primary scleral buckling procedures. All complications were temporary and without permanent sequelae. No postoperative complications occurred in the 32 reoperations.
NASA Langley Research Center Capabilities and Technologies for Large Space Structures (2019)

Applicable technology for In-Space Assembly developed at NASA Langley Research Center over 4 decades.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Stereoselectivity in the Alkylation of Pyroglutamate Ester Urethanes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Foveated compressive imaging for low power vehicle fingerprinting and tracking in aerial imagery (2017)

We describe a foveated compressive sensing approach for image analysis applications that utilizes knowledge of the task to be performed to reduce the number of required sensor measurements and sensor size, weight, and power (SWAP) compared to conventional Nyquist sampling and compressive sensing-based approaches. Our Compressive Optical Foveated Architecture (COFA) adapts the dictionary and compressive measurements to structure and sparsity in the signal, task, and scene by reducing measurement and dictionary mutual coherence and increasing sparsity using principles of actionable information and foveated compressive sensing. Actionable information is used to extract task-relevant regions of interest (ROIs) from a low-resolution scene analysis by eliminating the effects of nuisances for occlusion and anomalous motion detection. From the extracted ROIs, preferential measurements are taken using foveation as part of the compressive sensing adaptation process. The task-specific measurement matrix is optimized by using a novel saliency-weighted coherence minimization with respect to the learned signal dictionary. This incorporates the relative usage of the atoms in the dictionary. We utilize a patch-based method to learn the signal priors. A tree-structured dictionary of image patches using K-SVD is learned which can sparsely represent any given image patch with the tree structure. We have implemented COFA in an end-to-end simulation of a vehicle fingerprinting task for aerial surveillance using foveated compressive measurements adapted to hierarchical ROIs consisting of background, roads, and vehicles. Our results show 113× reduction in measurements over conventional sensing and 28× reduction over compressive sensing using random measurements.
Performance of distributed space-time block codes (2005)

An extended form of multi-hop communication systems has been introduced recently which allows the application of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity enhancement techniques over spatially separated relaying mobile terminals. It was further shown that such deployment yields significant capacity gains over direct communication or traditional single-input-single-output (SISO) relaying networks. The contribution of this paper is the derivation of the end-to-end bit-error rates (BER) for space-time block encoded M-PSK and M-QAM, assuming full and partial cooperation at each relaying stage. The theoretical analysis is corroborated by simulation results.