gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on the performance of three single-screw elements in melt?melt mixing of immiscible blends (1998)

An experimental investigation was conducted to evaluate the performance of three single-screw mixing elements: a Maddock; a Pineapple; and a Twente mixer. The study was designed to focus on the mixers' performance in the mixing of immiscible polymers in the molten state. Two independently controlled melt streams were fed to the mixer and the evaluation of the mixer performance was based on the following criteria: (i) the processing characteristics, namely the pressure drop/rise across the mixer for specific machine and material operating variables; and (ii) the resulting quality of mixing as determined by image analysis of phase morphology on samples collected at the die. The mixing performance was judged both qualitatively, in terms of spatial material distribution, as well as quantitatively, by analysis for the size of the dispersed phase. The blending tests were conducted using three pairs of LDPE/PS systems having different rheological properties. In addition to the experimental work, the flow in the Maddock mixer was simulated using a commercial finite element package (FIDAP). The calculations were done using the experimental conditions and the properties of a pure LDPE phase. The simulation results were used to explain the dispersion data obtained experimentally. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv in Polymer Techn 17: 1–17, 1998
Status of Underground Coal Gasification (1985)

Underground coal gasification appears to be one of the most attractive routes for synfuels from coal because the process can produce methanol and substitute natural gas at prices competitive with existing energy sources. The technical feasibility of underground coal gasification has been well established by small scale field tests. Cost estimates based on the resultant data are favorable. The environmental effects associated with the technology appear to be acceptable. Successful commercialization of the process would probably triple the proven reserves of U.S. coal, which would be sufficient to last for hundreds of years. At this stage of development, underground coal gasification is a high risk technology and will remain so until large scale field tests are successfully carried out. These tests are recommended by the Gas Research Institute and by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. A seven year program costing about $200 million would permit initial commercial production in ten years.
Quantifying Linkages between Navigational Conditions and Maritime Traffic in the Arctic Ocean (2021)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v1]Quantifying Linkages between Navigational Conditions and Maritime Traffic in the Arctic OceanAuthorsWeimingHuiDLukeTruselManzhuYuGuidoCervoneSee all authors Weiming HuiDCorresponding Author• Submitting AuthorPennsylvania State University Main CampusiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4501-1435view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressLuke TruselPennsylvania State Universityview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressManzhu YuPennsylvania State University Main Campusview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressGuido CervonePennsylvania State University Main Campusview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Soil Fungal Communities Investigated by Metabarcoding within Simulated Forensic Burial Contexts (2020)

Abstract Background One of the most debated questions in forensic science is the estimation of the post-mortem interval (PMI). Despite the large amount of research currently performed to improve the PMI estimation, there is still the need for additional improvements, particularly in cases of severely decomposed buried remains. A novel alternative to the morphological examination of the remains is the analysis of the soil microbial communities. Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous and can be found in the soil and in/on the corpses, and their shifts in populational compositions present at different PMIs may reveal insights for PMI estimation. Despite it already having been revealed that bacteria might be good candidates for this type of analysis, there are knowledge gaps for this type of application when dealing with fungal communities. For this reason, we performed the metabarcoding analysis of the mycobiome present in the soil after prolonged decomposition times, from one- to six-months, targeting both the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) 1 and 2, to elucidate which of the two was more suitable for this purpose. Results Our results showed a decrease in the fungal taxonomic richness associated with increasing PMIs and the presence of specific trends associated with specific PMIs, such as the increase of the Mortierellomycota taxa after four- and six-months post-mortem and of Ascomycota particularly after two months, and the decrease of Basidiomycota from the first to the last time point. We have found a limited amount of taxa specifically associated with the presence of the mammalian carcasses and not present in the control soil, showing that the overall the taxa which are contributing the most to the changes in the community originate from the soil and are not introduced by the carrion, extending the potential to perform comparisons with other experimental studies with different carrion species. Conclusions This study has been the first one conducted on gravesoil, and sets the baseline for additional studies, showing the potential to use fungal biomarkers in combination with bacterial ones to improve the accuracy of the PMI predictive model based on the shifts in the soil microbial communities.
Energies of the X- and L-valleys in In0.53Ga0.47As from electronic structure calculations (2016)

Several theoretical electronic structure methods are applied to study the relative energies of the minima of the X- and L-conduction-band satellite valleys of InxGa1−xAs with x = 0.53. This III-V semiconductor is a contender as a replacement for silicon in high-performance n-type metal-oxide-semiconductor transistors. The energy of the low-lying valleys relative to the conduction-band edge governs the population of channel carriers as the transistor is brought into inversion, hence determining current drive and switching properties at gate voltages above threshold. The calculations indicate that the position of the L- and X-valley minima are ∼1 eV and ∼1.2 eV, respectively, higher in energy with respect to the conduction-band minimum at the Γ-point.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Aromatase Inhibitors and Analysis of Their Inhibitory Activities (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Signature Features in Returned Echoes From Submerged Targets Insonified by Short, Broadband Pulses: Comparison of Experiments and Theory (1995)

Abstract Backscattered echoes are studied from submerged elastic targets in the frequency domain and combined time-frequency domain when the targets are insonified by short, broadband sound pulses. The targets are either an air-filled spherical shell or various solid brass or steel spheres. The incident waveform is generated by weighting a sinusoidal signal with a Blackman time-window of a few cycles width. The spectrum is computed from each recorded set of experimental data and the result is shown to agree well with the theoretical prediction for the corresponding target and interrogating waveform. An advantage of the time-frequency approach is that target signatures can show the time evolution of the resonance features that identify each target. Experimentally obtained data are processed in the time-frequency domain using a pseudo-Wigner distribution (PWD). The associated time-window is Gaussian, and its width is adjusted to suppress the interference of cross-terms in the PWD, yet retaining the desired property of time-frequency concentrating the extracted features.
Laparoscopic Colon Resection: A Case Report (1991)

The first case of a villous lesion of the colon removed by laparoscopic-guided surgery is reported. Injection of methylene blue into the lesion facilitated its access and exposure via the laparoscope. A very small skin incision allowed delivery onto the abdominal wall for resection and anastomoses.
Efficacy of Anti-mesothelin Immunotoxin RG7787 plus Nab-Paclitaxel against Mesothelioma Patient–Derived Xenografts and Mesothelin as a Biomarker of Tumor Response (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of the reduced immunogenicity anti-mesothelin immunotoxin RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel against primary mesothelioma cell lines and tumor xenografts and the utility of mesothelin as a biomarker of tumor response.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Early-passage human malignant mesothelioma cell lines NCI-Meso16, NCI-Meso19, NCI-Meso21, and NCI-Meso29 were evaluated for sensitivity to RG7787 or nab-paclitaxel alone or in combination. In addition, the antitumor activity of RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel was evaluated using NCI-Meso16, NCI-Meso21, and NCI-Meso29 tumor xenografts in immunodeficient mice. Serum mesothelin was measured at different time points to determine whether its levels correlated with tumor response.<b>Results:</b> All four primary mesothelioma cell lines highly expressed mesothelin with 41 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 346 × 10<sup>3</sup> mesothelin sites per cell and were sensitive to RG7787, with IC<sub>50</sub> ranging from 0.3 to 10 ng/mL. Except for NCI-Meso19, these cells were also sensitive to nab-paclitaxel, with IC<sub>50</sub> of 10 to 25 ng/mL. <i>In vitro</i>, RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel led to decreased cell viability compared with either agent alone. In NCI-Meso16 tumor xenografts, treatment with RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel led to sustained complete tumor regressions. Similar antitumor efficacy was observed against NCI-Meso21 and NCI-Meso29 tumor xenografts. In all three tumor xenograft models, changes in human serum mesothelin correlated with response to therapy and were undetectable in mice with complete tumor regression with RG7787 and nab-paclitaxel.<b>Conclusions:</b> RG7787 plus nab-paclitaxel is very active against primary human mesothelioma cells <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo</i>, with serum mesothelin levels correlating with tumor response. These results indicate that this combination could be useful for treating patients with mesothelioma. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1564-74. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Toward a Consumer-Centric Grid: A Behavioral Perspective (2016)

Active consumer participation is seen as an integral part of the emerging smart grid. Examples include demand-side management programs, incorporation of consumer-owned energy storage or renewable energy units, and active energy trading. However, despite the foreseen technological benefits of such consumer-centric grid features, to date, their widespread adoption in practice remains modest. To shed light on this challenge, this paper explores the potential of prospect theory, a Nobel-prize winning theory, as a decision-making framework that can help understand how risk and uncertainty can impact the decisions of smart grid consumers. After introducing the basic notions of prospect theory, several examples drawn from a number of smart grid applications are developed. These results show that a better understanding of the role of human decision making within the smart grid is paramount for optimizing its operation and expediting the deployment of its various technologies.
Two Types of On-State Observed in the Operation of a Redox-Based Three-Terminal Device (2013)

A redox-based three-terminal device was fabricated using Ta 2 O 5 as the ionic transfer material, and its operation was investigated. We found that application of a negative polarity gate bias, which increases oxygen anions in the channel regions, can make a conductive path between a source electrode and a drain electrode. The insulating state of the pristine device is turned on to a semiconductor state by the application of a negative polarity gate bias. Since turning off to the insulating state could not be achieved, the switching process resembles the soft breakdown of the first turning-on process of oxygen vacancy controlled resistive random access memories, although the polarity of the bias is opposite to that used in the first turning-on process. Further application of a gate bias causes a transition from the semiconductor state to a metal state. Accordingly, there are two types of on-state. It is possible to switch between the semiconductor and metal states.
TNF-α blockade improves immunotherapy efficacy by altering the tumor microenvironment and enhancing tumor-specific T cell function in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (2022)

Abstract Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a particularly lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of 9%. A recent phase 1 clinical trial suggests CD40 agonist has antitumor activity in some patients. We developed an orthotopic PDA mouse model to track tumor specific CD8 T cells, identify critical antitumor mechanisms, and determine pathways of immunotherapy resistance. Here, we exploit this model to uncover a novel combination immunotherapy that includes CD40 agonist, PD-L1 blockade and TNF-α neutralization (e.g., 4PT). Interfering with TNF-α significantly improves overall mouse survival and cure rate compared to CD40+PDL1 only (4P). Critically, 4PT enhanced the generation of tumor-specific long-lived effector and central memory T cells. TNF-α neutralization significantly reduced T cell exhaustion, as indicated by reduced Lag-3 and increased IFN-γ production by intratumoral tetramer+ CD8 T cells. Additionally, 4PT increased CD4+Foxp3− T cell frequency and decreased CD4+Foxp3+ T cells as compared to 4P-treated mice, consistent with enhanced antitumor CD4 T cell reactivity in the absence of chronic TNF-α signaling. Lastly, abrogating Tnfr1 significantly reduced splenic and intratumoral Ly6G+ granulocytes following 4P. Thus, disrupting TNF-α via genetic deletion or monoclonal antibodies alters the tumor microenvironment to promote highly functional tumor-specific CD8 T cells. We conclude that perturbation of TNF-α-mediated chronic inflammation is an appealing approach to enhance immunotherapy efficacy for pancreatic cancer patient treatment. Supported by NIH 1R01CA249393-01A1
Acting or reacting? Preferential attachment in a people‐tagging system (2011)

Abstract Social technologies tend to attract research on social structure or interaction. In this paper we analyze the individual use of a social technology, specifically an enterprise people‐tagging application. We focus on active participants of the system and distinguish between users who initiate activity and those who respond to activity. This distinction is situated within the preferential attachment theory in order to examine which type of participant contributes more to the process of tagging. We analyze the usage of the people‐tagging application in a snapshot representing 3 years of activity, focusing on self‐tagging compared to tagging by and of others. The main findings are: (1) People who tag themselves are the most productive contributors to the system. (2) Preferential attachment saturation is reached at 12–14 tags per user. (3) The nature of participation is more significant than the number of participants for system growth. The paper concludes with theoretical and practical implications.
4.11 W Raman fiber laser at 1239 nm using phosphosilicate fiber (2000)

Summary form only given. The advent of high-power double-clad fiber lasers (DCFL) have opened new avenues for extensive research in Raman fiber lasers to be used as pump sources at 1239 nm and at 1484 nm wavelengths. The germanosilicate has a large Raman gain coefficient but the peak Raman shift occurs only at 440 cm/sup -1/, whereas in the phosphosilicate fiber it occurs at 1330 cm/sup -1/. When the phosphosilicate fiber is pumped at 1064 nm, the first Stokes shift occurs at 1239 nm. A high-power single-mode Raman fiber laser with maximum output of 4.11 W and maximum power conversion efficiency of 47.4% at 1239 nm was realized using 700-m phosphosilicate fiber, Raman cavity formed by a pair of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) mirrors at 1239, and CW 8.4 W Yb-doped DCFL.
MCSMGS: Malware Classification Model Based on Deep Learning (2017)

As a major threat to cyber security, malware has been increasingly damaging national security. This paper proposes a malware classification model, i.e. MCSMGS model (Malware Classification Based on Static Malware Gene Sequences), that combines the static malware genes with deep learning methods. The model extracts the malware gene sequences that have both material attribute and informational attribute. Then it makes distributed representation for each malware gene to represent the intrinsic correlation and similarity. Finally, the SMGS_CNN (Static Malware Gene Sequences - Convolution Neural Network) module is used to construct the neural network to analyze the malware gene sequences and realize malware classification. The experimental results show that the classification accuracy is greatly improved and up to 98% with the MCSMGS model. CNN model is more effective than the traditional SVM model.
Potential Animal and Environmental Sources of Q Fever Infection for Humans in Queensland (2013)

Q fever is a vaccine-preventable disease; despite this, high annual notification numbers are still recorded in Australia. We have previously shown seroprevalence in Queensland metropolitan regions is approaching that of rural areas. This study investigated the presence of nucleic acid from Coxiella burnetii, the agent responsible for Q fever, in a number of animal and environmental samples collected throughout Queensland, to identify potential sources of human infection. Samples were collected from 129 geographical locations and included urine, faeces and whole blood from 22 different animal species; 45 ticks were removed from two species, canines and possums; 151 soil samples; 72 atmospheric dust samples collected from two locations and 50 dust swabs collected from domestic vacuum cleaners. PCR testing was performed targeting the IS1111 and COM1 genes for the specific detection of C. burnetii DNA. There were 85 detections from 1318 animal samples, giving a detection rate for each sample type ranging from 2.1 to 6.8%. Equine samples produced a detection rate of 11.9%, whilst feline and canine samples showed detection rates of 7.8% and 5.2%, respectively. Native animals had varying detection rates: pooled urines from flying foxes had 7.8%, whilst koalas had 5.1%, and 6.7% of ticks screened were positive. The soil and dust samples showed the presence of C. burnetii DNA ranging from 2.0 to 6.9%, respectively. These data show that specimens from a variety of animal species and the general environment provide a number of potential sources for C. burnetii infections of humans living in Queensland. These previously unrecognized sources may account for the high seroprevalence rates seen in putative low-risk communities, including Q fever patients with no direct animal contact and those subjects living in a low-risk urban environment.
Low prevalence of anti-Orthopoxvirus neutralizing antibodies in an urban population of Brazil (2023)

Since 1999, Vaccinia virus (VACV) has been described as a causative agent of bovine vaccinia (BV), a zoonotic disease that occurs mainly in rural areas of Brazil. However, the circulation of VACV in urban environments and its associated burden has been poorly explored. Moreover, the current Mpox outbreak has raised questions regarding the immune status of the worldwide population previous vaccinated against smallpox. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study to better understand the prevalence of anti-OPV neutralizing antibodies (NA) in a susceptible urban population of Brazil. A total of 372 individuals were sampled, yielding an overall seroprevalence of 16.9% (CI95%=13.4–21.1), and antibodies titers ranging from 100 to 800 NU/ml. The prevalence of NA among vaccinated individuals (≥36yo) was 24.9% (IC 95%=19.5–31.2), and among those unvaccinated (&lt;36yo) was 6.7% (IC 95%=3.7–11.8). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age ≥36yo and the presence of vaccine take were independently associated with the presence of anti-OPV NA. Our findings suggest that vulnerable populations could be subclinically exposed to VACV in urban areas, drawing attention to alternative routes of zoonotic VACV exposure. Our data is also important for better strategies in order to mitigate zoonotic OPV infections mainly among vulnerable populations.
Fabrication of capacitive pressure sensor using single crystal diamond cantilever beam (2019)

Fabrication of single crystal diamond capacitive pressure sensor is presented. Firstly, the single crystal diamond cantilever beam was formed on HPHT diamond substrate by using selective high-energy ion implantation, metal patterning, ICP etching and electrochemical etching techniques. Secondly, on this diamond cantilever beam, the desired electrode patterns were processed with photolithography and metal evaporation methods. Furthermore, the displacements of cantilever beam under different pressure conditions were investigated by atomic force microscopy. The capacitance-voltage curves of single crystal diamond cantilever beam and substrate under different force loading conditions were measured by using Agilent B1505A parameter analyzer. The results show that sensitivity increases with the enlargement of electrode area of cantilever beam, and decreases with the rise of measurement frequency.
The mitochondrial citrate carrier, SLC25A1, drives stemness and therapy resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (2018)

Therapy resistance represents a clinical challenge for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which still remains an incurable disease. There is growing evidence that cancer-initiating or cancer stem cells (CSCs) provide a reservoir of slow-growing dormant populations of cells with tumor-initiating and unlimited self-renewal ability that are left behind by conventional therapies reigniting post-therapy relapse and metastatic dissemination. The metabolic pathways required for the expansion of CSCs are incompletely defined, but their understanding will likely open new therapeutic opportunities. We show here that lung CSCs rely upon oxidative phosphorylation for energy production and survival through the activity of the mitochondrial citrate transporter, SLC25A1. We demonstrate that SLC25A1 plays a key role in maintaining the mitochondrial pool of citrate and redox balance in CSCs, whereas its inhibition leads to reactive oxygen species build-up thereby inhibiting the self-renewal capability of CSCs. Moreover, in different patient-derived tumors, resistance to cisplatin or to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor treatment is acquired through SLC25A1-mediated implementation of mitochondrial activity and induction of a stemness phenotype. Hence, a newly identified specific SLC25A1 inhibitor is synthetic lethal with cisplatin or with EGFR inhibitor co-treatment and restores antitumor responses to these agents in vitro and in animal models. These data have potential clinical implications in that they unravel a metabolic vulnerability of drug-resistant lung CSCs, identify a novel SLC25A1 inhibitor and, lastly, provide the first line of evidence that drugs, which block SLC25A1 activity, when employed in combination with selected conventional antitumor agents, lead to a therapeutic benefit.