gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of vascular adhesion protein‐1 enhances the anti‐tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (2021)

Modulation of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for enhancing the anti-tumor effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Adhesion molecules and enzymes such as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), which are expressed in some cancers and tumor vascular endothelial cells, may be involved in the generation of an immunosuppressive TME. In this study, the role of VAP-1 in TME was investigated in 2 murine colon cancer models and human cancer cells. Intraperitoneal administration of the VAP-1-specific inhibitor U-V296 inhibited murine tumor growth by enhancing IFN-γ-producing tumor antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. U-V296 exhibited significant synergistic anti-tumor effects with ICIs. In the TME of mice treated with U-V296, the expression of genes associated with M2-like macrophages, Th2 cells (Il4, Retnla, and Irf4), angiogenesis (Pecam1), and fibrosis (Acta2, Loxl2) were significantly decreased, and the Th1/Th2 balance was increased. H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> , an enzymatic product of VAP-1, which promoted the production of IL-4 by mouse Th2 and inhibited IFN-γ by mouse Th1 and human tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, was decreased in tumors and CD31<sup>+</sup> tumor vascular endothelial cells in the TMEs of mice treated with VAP-1 inhibitor. TCGA database analysis showed that VAP-1 expression was a negative prognostic factor in human cancers, exhibiting a significant positive correlation with IL-4, IL4R, and IL-13 expression and a negative correlation with IFN-γ expression. These results indicated that VAP-1 is involved in the immunosuppressive TMEs through H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> -associated Th2/M2 conditions and may be an attractive target for the development of combination cancer immunotherapy with ICIs.
Design of a high-stability heterogeneous clock system for small satellites in LEO (2021)

Abstract We describe our investigation into the performance of low-power heterogeneous timing systems for small satellites, using real GPS observables from the GRACE Follow-On mission. Small satellites have become capable platforms for a wide range of commercial, scientific and defense missions, but they are still unable to meet the needs of missions that require precise timing, on the order of a few nanoseconds. Improved low-power onboard clocks would make small satellites a viable option for even more missions, enabling radio aperture interferometry, improved radio occultation measurements, high altitude GPS navigation, and GPS augmentation missions, among others. One approach for providing improved small satellite timekeeping is to combine a heterogeneous group of oscillators, each of which provides the best stability over a different time frame. A hardware architecture that uses a single-crystal oscillator, one or more Chip Scale Atomic Clocks (CSACs) and the reference time from a GPS receiver is presented. The clocks each contribute stability over a subset of timeframes, resulting in excellent overall system stability for timeframes ranging from less than a second to several days. A Kalman filter is used to estimate the long-term errors of the CSACs based on the CSAC-GPS time difference, and the improved CSAC time is used to discipline the crystal oscillator, which provides the high-stability reference clock for the small satellite. Simulations using GRACE-FO observations show time error standard deviations for the system range from 2.3 ns down to 1.3 ns for the clock system, depending on how many CSACs are used. The results provide insight into the timing performance which could be achieved on small LEO spacecraft by a low power timing system.
Affine Geometry (2012)

This richly illustrated and clearly written undergraduate textbook captures the excitement and beauty of geometry. The approach is that of Klein in his Erlangen programme: a geometry is a space together with a set of transformations of the space. The authors explore various geometries: affine, projective, inversive, hyperbolic and elliptic. In each case they carefully explain the key results and discuss the relationships between the geometries. New features in this second edition include concise end-of-chapter summaries to aid student revision, a list of further reading and a list of special symbols. The authors have also revised many of the end-of-chapter exercises to make them more challenging and to include some interesting new results. Full solutions to the 200 problems are included in the text, while complete solutions to all of the end-of-chapter exercises are available in a new Instructors' Manual, which can be downloaded from www.cambridge.org/9781107647831.
Roasting Studies on Black Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) (1996)

Black peppercorns (Piper nigrum L.) were heated at temperatures between 100°C and 150°C for 15 or 30 min and in a microwave oven at various settings to simulate dry roasting of the spice. Analysis showed that under these conditions there was little change in the amount of volatile oil, oleoresin or piperine in the spice. However, sensory evaluation indicated an improvement in the aroma of the heated peppercorns. Essential oil analysis by GC and GC-MS showed some changes in the composition of the volatile oils after heating possibly due to loss of a few very volatile components and/or due to release of glycosidically bound terpenoids. A few compounds have been tentatively identified, for the first time, to occur in pepper oil.
HIV‐1 infection alters CD4+ memory T‐cell phenotype at the site of disease in extrapulmonary tuberculosis (2011)

HIV-1-infected people have an increased risk of developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB), the immunopathogenesis of which is poorly understood. Here, we conducted a detailed immunological analysis of human pericardial TB, to determine the effect of HIV-1 co-infection on the phenotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB)-specific memory T cells and the role of polyfunctional T cells at the disease site, using cells from pericardial fluid and blood of 74 patients with (n = 50) and without (n = 24) HIV-1 co-infection. The MTB antigen-induced IFN-γ response was elevated at the disease site, irrespective of HIV-1 status or antigenic stimulant. However, the IFN-γ ELISpot showed no clear evidence of increased numbers of antigen-specific cells at the disease site except for ESAT-6 in HIV-1 uninfected individuals (p = 0.009). Flow cytometric analysis showed that CD4+ memory T cells in the pericardial fluid of HIV-1-infected patients were of a less differentiated phenotype, with the presence of polyfunctional CD4+ T cells expressing TNF, IL-2 and IFN-γ. These results indicate that HIV-1 infection results in altered phenotype and function of MTB-specific CD4+ T cells at the disease site, which may contribute to the increased risk of developing TB at all stages of HIV-1 infection.
Radial Glia in Echinoderms (2018)

Radial glial cells are crucial in vertebrate neural development and regeneration. It has been recently proposed that this neurogenic cell type might be older than the chordate lineage itself and might have been present in the last common deuterostome ancestor. Here, we summarize the results of recent studies on radial glia in echinoderms, a highly regenerative phylum of marine invertebrates with shared ancestry to chordates. We discuss the involvement of these cells in both homeostatic neurogenesis and post-traumatic neural regeneration, compare the features of radial glia in echinoderms and chordates to each other, and review the molecular mechanisms that control differentiation and plasticity of the echinoderm radial glia. Overall, studies on echinoderm radial glia provide a unique opportunity to understand the fundamental biology of this cell type from evolutionary and comparative perspectives.
콜히친 처리에 의한 하수오 4배체의 형태 및 생육특성 (2016)

Background : This study was performed to investigate the morphological and growth characteristics of tetraploid Polygonum multiflorum L. with colchicine treatment, and to clarify its effective induction and time for the increase of rhizome hypertrophy and effective components. Methods and Results : The induction of tetraploid P. multiflorum were done with colchicine treatment of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% conc. and the time was treated with 12, 24, and 48 hrs, respectively. DMSO 1% is treated for the effective penetration of colchicine with constant-temperature oven at 24C. Leaf explant was added the HR-A solution stained with HR-B solution, and then determined whether DNA contents of the doubles or not. Seed stand rate showed lower tendency as higher treatment concentration and as delayed the treatment time. When treated in DMSO 1% with 48 hr, seed stand was so small rate with 2%, and treated in 0.5% with 12 hr, seed stand was recorded higher rate with 33%. When treated in 0.5% colchicine with 24 hr, chimera and tetraploid induction rates were highest and obtained 29 individual chimera and 5 individual tetraploid. On overground growing, mean stem diameter of tetraploid (11.3 ㎜) is two times thicker than that of diploid (6.4 ㎜), with the vigorous growth. leaf length and width of tetraploid was 9.1 and 6.2 ㎝, respectively, and that of diploid was 6.8, and 5.1 ㎝, respectively. Stem diameter of a scape was also more thicker tendency in tetraploid than in diploid, chlorophyll contents over 29% existed in tetraploid. Investigated result from stoma no. and size of leaf with 400 magnification, stoma no. of diploid (26 individual) was four times higher than that of tetraploid (7 individuals), the size of tetraploid (38 ㎛) is twice longer in size of diploid (18 ㎛) and stoma area are broaden in four times. Seed length of tetraploid (3 ㎜) is longer than that of diploid (22 ㎜); but, seed width of tetraploid (22 ㎜) is widen than that of diploid (14 ㎜) in seed size comparison. That is, seed length is bigger in 1.4 times and seed width is bigger in 1.6 times, and seed surface area is broaden in two times. Conclusion : From above results, overground growing of tetraploid P. multiflorum is fairly better than that of native P. multiflorum. In the future, this tetraploid variety will promote to register when recognize the excellence than native species after tested the disease tolerance, underground growing characteristics, and key index component.
Endovascular treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with Onyx embollzation (2009)

Objective To evaluate the value of cerebral arteriovenous malformation(AVM)with Onyx.Methods Onyx-18 was used to treat 17 csses of cerebral arteriovenous malformation.The diameter of AVM was all beyond 3 cm.over 6 cm in 11 cases.The diseased region of all cases were of muhiarterial supply.Results In 17 cages of AVM,9 cases were embolizedmore than 100%,6 caBes 80%,and 2 cases less than 50%.17 cases had no compilcations.Conclusion Onyx is an optimal embolization material in the treatment of AVM.but it's necessary to master the correct embolization technique to avoid complications.

Key words: 
Onyx; Cerebral arteriovenousmalformation; Blank road map
The presence of oxygen in rumen liquor and its effects on methanogenesis (1983)

In situ measurement of O 2 in the rumen liquor of cows, sheep and goats using a membrane‐covered O 2 electrode revealed the presence of up to 1630 nmol/l O 2 ; O 2 became undetectable immediately after feeding of animals. The effects of O 2 on H 2 production and methanogenesis in samples of rumen liquor were investigated using a mass spectrometer fitted with a membrane inlet system. Methanogenesis was totally and irreversibly inhibited after short term exposure (about 10 min) to 5 KPa (0·05 atm) O 2 ; H 2 production was unaffected. Glucose additions produced rapid transient increases in H 2 levels and increased O 2 uptake.
Learning flexible sprites in video layers (2005)

We propose a technique for automatically learning layers of "flexible sprites" (probabilistic 2-dimensional appearance maps and masks of moving, occluding objects). The model explains each input image as a layered composition of flexible sprites. A variational expectation maximization algorithm is used to learn a mixture of sprites from a video sequence. For each input image, probabilistic inference is used to infer the sprite class, translation, mask values and pixel intensities (including obstructed pixels) in each layer. Exact inference is intractable, but we show how a variational inference technique can be used to process 320/spl times/240 images at 1 frame/second. The only inputs to the learning algorithm are the video sequence, the number of layers and the number of flexible sprites. We give results on several tasks, including summarizing a video sequence with sprites, point-and-click video stabilization, and point-and-click object removal.
Foody - Smart Restaurant Management and Ordering System (2018)

Customers play a vital role in the contemporary food industry when determining the quality of the restaurant and its food. Restaurants give considerable attention to customers’ feedback about their service, since the reputation of the business depends on it. Key factors of evaluating customer satisfaction are, being able to deliver the services effectively to lessen the time of consumption, as well as maintaining a high quality of service. In most cases of selecting a prominent restaurant, customers focus on their choice of favorite food in addition to available seating and space options. Long waiting times and serving the wrong order is a common mistake that happens in every restaurant that eventually leads to customer dissatisfaction. Objectives of this online application “Foody” is to address these deficiencies and provide efficient and accurate services to the customer, by providing unique menus to each customer considering their taste. This concept is implemented as a mobile application using latest IT concepts such as Business Intelligence, Data Mining, Predictive Analysis and Artificial Intelligence. This includes graphics and 3D modeling that provide existent physical information related to food such as colors, sizes and further user can view the ingredients of the meal as well as the available tables. In addition, the app shows the real-time map to the restaurant. Current table reservation status is indicated by the color change of the table. Unique food recommendation and it’s order for each customer is generated by analyzing their social media information and the system notifies the customer the wait time by calculating it. Preparation of food and allocation is done subjectively. The expected outcome of the research is to develop a fully automated restaurant management system with the mentioned features as well as to avoid confusions between orders, provide better view of food and allow the customer to choose the menu according to their taste in a minimum time.
Formation Control and Obstacle Avoidance Algorithm of Multiple Autonomous Underwater Vehicles(AUVs) Based on Potential Function and Behavior Rules (2007)

A new control algorithm based on potential function and behavior rules to effectively control the formation of a multiple autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) system under uncertain environment and to make the formation effectively avoid obstacles is presented. Proper potential functions concerning with object, obstacle and the structure of the formation is chosen to design a new distributed control algorithm to make the formation of the multiple AUV system track the target effectively. In order to solve the problem that bigger avoidance radius will be created when the control algorithm based on potential function only is applied, the region of obstacles is properly separated into several parts and the formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm of multiple AUV system based on potential function and behavior rules for each part of the obstacle region is designed. Numerical simulation proves the validity of the proposed formation control and obstacle avoidance algorithm.
Multipath signal effect on the capacity of MIMO, MIMO-OFDM and spread MIMO-OFDM (2004)

MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output), MIMO-OFDM (MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and spread MIMO-OFDM systems are considered as candidates for future broadband wireless services. In order to compare their performances, the effects of multipath signal propagation on the capacity, under both single and multi-user channel, are examined. The inter-symbol interference (ISI) is used as a suitable measure of multipath effect. The obtained results show that the multipath has more influence on the capacity of MIMO than MIMO-OFDM and spread MIMO-OFDM. In addition, spread MIMO-OFDM offers more average capacity than MIMO under both single and multi-user channel. In comparison with MIMO-OFDM, the' capacity of spread MIMO-OFDM is higher under the condition of the multi-user channel scenario.
Where Businesses Thrive: Predicting the Impact of the Olympic Games on Local Retailers through Location-based Services Data (2014)

The Olympic Games are an important sporting event with notable consequences for the general economic landscape of the host city. Traditional economic assessments focus on the aggregated impact of the event on the national income, but fail to provide micro-scale insights on why local businesses will benefit from the increased activity during the Games.In this paper we provide a novel approach to modeling the impact of the Olympic Games on local retailers by analyzing a dataset mined from a large location-based social service, Foursquare. We hypothesize that the spatial positioning of businesses as well as the mobility trends of visitors are primary indicators of whether retailers will rise their popularity during the event. To confirm this we formulate a retail winners prediction task in the context of which we evaluate a set of geographic and mobility metrics. We find that the proximity to stadiums, the diversity of activity in the neighborhood, the nearby area sociability, as well as the probability of customer flows from and to event places such as stadiums and parks are all vital factors. Through supervised learning techniques we demonstrate that the success of businesses hinges on a combination of both geographic and mobility factors. Our results suggest that location-based social networks, where crowdsourced information about the dynamic interaction of users with urban spaces becomes publicly available, present an alternative medium to assess the economic impact of large scale events in a city.
Design and analysis tool validation (1981)

The Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI) is developing a procedure for the validation of Building Energy Analysis Simulation Codes (BEAS). These codes are being used increasingly in the building design process, both directly and as the basis for simplified design tools and guidelines. The importance of the validity of the BEAS in predicting building energy performance is obvious when one considers the money and energy that could be wasted by energy-inefficient designs. However, to date, little or no systematic effort has been made to ensure the validity of the various BEAS. The validation work at SERI consists of three distinct parts: Comparative Study, Analytical Verification, and Empirical Validation. The procedures have been developed for the first two parts and have been implemented on a sampling of the major BEAS; results have shown major problems in one of the BEAS tested. Furthermore, when one building design was run using several of the BEAS, large differences were found in the predicted annual cooling and heating loads. The empirical validation procedure has been developed, and five two-zone test cells have been constructed for validation; a summer validation run will take place as soon as the data acquisition system is completed. Additionally, a test validation exercise is now in progress using the low-cal house to fine-tune the empirical validation procedure and better define monitoring data requirements.
Cytochrome P450 enzymes and tumor therapy. (2004)

To the Editors: McFadyen et al. ([1][1]) have contributed a review on the aspects of cytochrome P 450–related tumor therapy that is worth reading. It clearly shows the potential of such an approach for cancer therapy. Based on my own experience, I would kindly like to point out a few additional
Phosphoesterases of Bacillus subtilis (1966)

Journal Article Phosphoesterases of Bacillus subtilis: I. Purification and Properties of Phosphodiesterases Get access KAZUYA TANIGUCHI, KAZUYA TANIGUCHI From the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical School, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar AKIRA TSUGITA AKIRA TSUGITA From the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Medical School, Osaka UniversityOsaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 60, Issue 4, October 1966, Pages 372–380, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a128448 Published: 01 October 1966 Article history Received: 15 March 1966 Published: 01 October 1966
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli enteritis: evaluation of the gnotobiotic piglet as a model of human infection. (1985)

The pathogenicity of classical enteropathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human origin was investigated in gnotobiotic piglets. One to two day old piglets in groups of four were infected perorally with approximately 10(8) colony forming units of one of eight enteropathogenic E coli strains or a non-pathogenic control strain. Animals were necropsied 24 or 48 hours after infection and their intestines were subjected to histological examination, quantitative bacterial culture and estimation of lactase activity. Four enteropathogenic E coli strains caused mild to moderate diarrhoea in nine of the 16 piglets inoculated with them. Piglets given two of these strains later became moribund. One enteropathogenic E coli strain caused a severe illness unaccompanied by diarrhoea. Inflammation of the intestinal mucosa occurred with all eight enteropathogenic E coli strains, but not with the control strain. Pathological changes were most pronounced in the distal ileum and colon and adherent bacteria were seen on the surface of the inflamed mucosa. The extent of the inflammatory response in infected piglets for the most part paralleled the severity of the clinical signs, the degree of bacterial colonisation and the reduction in lactase activity. Electron microscopic examination of tissue from piglets infected with three different strains showed that bacterial adherence to the apical plasma membrane of epithelial cells was accompanied by distinctive ultrastructural changes. These included degeneration of the microvillous brush border, together with cupping and pedestal formation of the plasma membrane at sites of bacterial attachment. The same changes have been seen in naturally occurring enteropathogenic E coli diarrhoea in humans and rabbits. The combined clinical and pathological findings indicate that the neonatal gnotobiotic piglet is a suitable model of infection with enteropathogenic E coli.
Treatment of hyperammonemia in liver failure (2013)

Over the past 20 years or so, many new approaches to treat hepatic encephalopathy have been developed based upon better understanding of interorgan ammonia metabolism. Reduction in ammonia can be achieved by targeting its production, absorption or elimination. This review will primarily focus on these strategies that reduce ammonia levels in liver failure patients.