gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Velocity Imaging of Highly Turbulent Gas Flow (2004)

We introduce a noninvasive, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) wind-tunnel measurement in flowing gas (>10 m s(-1)) at high Reynolds numbers (Re>10(5)). The method pertains to liquids and gases, is inherently three dimensional, and extends the range of Re to which MRI is applicable by orders of magnitude. There is potential for clear time savings over traditional pointwise techniques. The mean velocity and turbulent diffusivity of gas flowing past a bluff obstruction and a wing section at realistic stall speeds were measured. The MRI data are compared with computational fluid dynamics.
SITE Demonstration of Slurry-Phase Biodegradation of PAH Contaminated Soil (1993)

This paper summarizes a joint Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) project on slurry-phase biodegradation and a project to collect information for the data base on Best Demonstrated Available Technologies (BOAT). In this 12-week study, a creosote contaminated soil from the Burlington Northern Superfund site in Brainerd, Minnesota was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the bioslurry reactors. During the demonstration, five 64-liter stainless steel bioreactors, equipped with agitation, aeration and temperature controls were used. The pilot scale study employed a 30 percent slurry, an inoculum of indigenous polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) degraders, and inorganic nutrients. Total PAH degradation averaged 93.4 ± 3.2 percent over all five operating reactors in the 12 weeks with 97.4 percent degradation of the 2- and 3-ring PAHs and 90 percent degradation of the 4- to 6-ring PAHs. A study of the air emissions, both semivolatile compounds such as naphthalene, anthracene, and phenanthrene and volatile compounds such as toluene, xylene, and benzene, from the units showed that the greatest amount of emissions occurred during the loading of the reactors and during the first few days of operation. Therefore, it may not be cost-effective to require elaborate emissions controls unless there are significant quantities of volatile compounds present in the soil or water to be treated in a bioslurry reactor system.
Large Scale Visual Recommendations From Street Fashion Images (2014)

We describe a completely automated large scale visual recommendation system for fashion. Our focus is to efficiently harness the availability of large quantities of online fashion images and their rich meta-data. Specifically, we propose four data driven models in the form of Complementary Nearest Neighbor Consensus, Gaussian Mixture Models, Texture Agnostic Retrieval and Markov Chain LDA for solving this problem. We analyze relative merits and pitfalls of these algorithms through extensive experimentation on a large-scale data set and baseline them against existing ideas from color science. We also illustrate key fashion insights learned through these experiments and show how they can be employed to design better recommendation systems. Finally, we also outline a large-scale annotated data set of fashion images (Fashion-136K) that can be exploited for future vision research.
Test device design and test procedure for non-destructive characterization of Bi phase accumulation during electromigration (2023)

Low Temperature Solder (LTS) composed of Sn and Bi is becoming common in microelectronics applications. They are preferred for applications where the components are temperature sensitive. Using LTS also brings down the energy requirements during the reflow process. One of the major issues with LTS is that as the current density increases, Bi phase accumulates at the anode due to electromigration. This increases the resistance of the joint which eventually causes the device to fail. Commonly used test devices require cross sectioning to analyze the Bi thickness after failure. This causes a discontinuity in the experiments, and is therefore difficult to obtain continuous data on the Bi growth. Once a device has been tested, the test cannot be continued further on the same device. A non-destructive test methodology can avoid such issues and produce more reliable data on Bi thickness accumulated with time. The test device contains multiple Cu-Solder-Cu junctions directly observable under a microscope. The solder is deposited using solder paste allowing us to create test devices with varied compositions easily with the same procedure. The test devices are subjected to a current using a 4-wire Kelvin probe.
Time-Lapse Separation Of Fluid And Pressure Effects With An Arbitrary Fluid Mixing Law (2018)

Summary Time-lapse seismic is a tool widely used for reservoir management. A common challenge is to isolate the effect of pore pressure and saturation changes in the 4D signal. This is an obstacle not only for hydrocarbon reservoirs: CCS projects also demand monitoring, to ensure that the injected CO2 remains stored in the target interval and that there is no abnormal pore pressure build-up. The way fluids mix in the pore space has a significant impact on the effect of saturation changes in the 4D signal, and uncertainties in this mixing propagate into the estimations of pressure and fluid changes from time-lapse data. Homogeneous mixing is usually assumed to be a reasonable approximation of the fluid behavior. In this study, we will make no such assumption, but rather set the mixture law as a degree of freedom in an inversion scheme. We model different CO2 saturations and pore pressures, which we combine with a rock physics model to obtain different synthetic reflectivities and time-shifts. From these modeled seismic measurements, we try to recover the changes in the reservoir parameters. We compare the results obtained with our method against those under failed assumptions about the fluid mixture law.
EFFECTS OF PROPYLENE GLYCOL OR GLYCEROL SUPPLEMENTATION OF THE DIET OF DAIRY COWS ON FEED INTAKE, MILK YIELD AND COMPOSITION, AND INCIDENCE OF KETOSIS (1973)

In two experiments designed to test the antiketogenic properties of propylene glycol and glycerol, concentrate mixtures containing 3, 6, or 9% propylene glycol or 3 or 6% glycerol were fed for the first 8 wk of lactation to a total of 120 cows. In the first experiment there were no significant effects (P &gt; 0.05) of supplementation on milk yield and composition, feed intake, or energy balance. The cows fed a concentrate mixture containing 6% glycerol appeared to lose less body weight than the control cows or those fed concentrate containing either 3% glycerol or 3% propylene glycol. Cows fed the unsupplemented concentrate mixture were apparently less efficient in utilizing metabolizable energy than cows receiving either of the three supplemented rations but these differences were not significant (P &gt; 0.05). There were no incidences of clinical ketosis and only 14 occurrences of positive ketone reactions in the milk (five on control, three on the 3% propylene glycol, four on 3% glycerol, and two on 6% glycerol). In the second experiment cows were subjected to slightly greater nutritional stress, which resulted in elevated ketone levels in 31 samples of milk from control cows, six from cows fed 3% propylene glycol, two for cows fed 6% propylene glycol, and three for cows fed 9% propylene glycol. Four cows, all on the control ration, developed clinical ketosis requiring glucose therapy. There were no consistent effects of propylene glycol on feed intake, body weight change, or efficiency of ration utilization. Propylene glycol supplementation appeared to increase milk yield at the 3 and 6% level and caused a slight decrease in milk fat and an increase in milk lactose percent.
Massive septic pelvic thrombophlebitis (1994)

Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis is not limited to the pelvis and lower abdominal vessels.
Dynamically Predicting the Quality of Service: Batch, Online, and Hybrid Algorithms (2017)

This paper studies the problem of dynamically modeling the quality of web service. The philosophy of designing practical web service recommender systems is delivered in this paper. A general system architecture for such systems continuously collects the user-service invocation records and includes both an online training module and an offline training module for quality prediction. In addition, we introduce matrix factorization-based online and offline training algorithms based on the gradient descent algorithms and demonstrate the fitness of this online/offline algorithm framework to the proposed architecture. The superiority of the proposed model is confirmed by empirical studies on a real-life quality of web service data set and comparisons with existing web service recommendation algorithms.
Deep Unified Multimodal Embeddings for Understanding both Content and\n Users in Social Media Networks (2019)

There has been an explosion of multimodal content generated on social media\nnetworks in the last few years, which has necessitated a deeper understanding\nof social media content and user behavior. We present a novel\ncontent-independent content-user-reaction model for social multimedia content\nanalysis. Compared to prior works that generally tackle semantic content\nunderstanding and user behavior modeling in isolation, we propose a generalized\nsolution to these problems within a unified framework. We embed users, images\nand text drawn from open social media in a common multimodal geometric space,\nusing a novel loss function designed to cope with distant and disparate\nmodalities, and thereby enable seamless three-way retrieval. Our model not only\noutperforms unimodal embedding based methods on cross-modal retrieval tasks but\nalso shows improvements stemming from jointly solving the two tasks on Twitter\ndata. We also show that the user embeddings learned within our joint multimodal\nembedding model are better at predicting user interests compared to those\nlearned with unimodal content on Instagram data. Our framework thus goes beyond\nthe prior practice of using explicit leader-follower link information to\nestablish affiliations by extracting implicit content-centric affiliations from\nisolated users. We provide qualitative results to show that the user clusters\nemerging from learned embeddings have consistent semantics and the ability of\nour model to discover fine-grained semantics from noisy and unstructured data.\nOur work reveals that social multimodal content is inherently multimodal and\npossesses a consistent structure because in social networks meaning is created\nthrough interactions between users and content.\n
Effects of Renin-Angiotensin Inhibition on ACE2 (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2) and TMPRSS2 (Transmembrane Protease Serine 2) Expression (2020)

A CE2 (angiotensin-converting enzyme 2) degrades Ang (an- giotensin) I and II and is a cellular receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Viral entry into host cells occurs through binding of the viral spike (S) protein and ACE2. 1 Preclinical data suggest that renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers upregulate ACE2. 2,3As a consequence, RAS blockers have been suggested to increase the risk of developing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection.However, recent large retrospective studies strongly argue against this hypothesis and rather suggest that RAS blockers be protective in such patients. 4 Since the findings on RAS blocker-induced ACE2 upregulation are inconsistent, and differed not only per type of RAS inhibitors (ACE inhibitors versus ARB [angiotensin receptor blockers]), 3 between blockers of a certain type (ie, between various ARBs), but also per organ, and required high doses, one further option is that this ACE2 upregulation is not the unavoidable consequence of RAS suppression, but rather reflects the nonspecific effects of a certain RAS blocker when applied at a high dose.Applying antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) as a tool to suppress the RAS would circumvent the latter.In the present study, we determined effects of an ACE inhibitor (enalapril) and an ARB (losartan) as well as AGT (angiotensinogen) ASO on tissue ACE2 in male C57BL/6J mice.After 14 days of infusion, both enalapril and losartan increased plasma renin, measured as direct concentrations, by over 100-fold, confirming effective RAS inhibition (Figure [A]).ACE2 mRNA abundance was determined by quantitative PCR in lung, ileum, kidney, and heart tissues.Neither enalapril nor losartan changed the abundance of ACE2 mRNA in any of the tissues (Figure [B]).Ferrario et al 3 reported that administration of lisinopril (an ACE inhibitor) or losartan for
EEG monitoring using bispectral analysis (1998)

The modern practice of administering paralysing drugs to relax muscles while maintaining shallower depths of anaesthesia has led to the possibility of patients being fully aware of surgery without being able to communicate this awareness to anaesthetists. A form of spectral analysis of an electroencephalogram meets some of the criteria for an ideal index of anaesthetic depth.
Shaping a Bright Future for Platinum‐Based Alloy Electrocatalysts (2010)

Shape matters: Platinum-based alloy nanocrystals can be used as electrocatalysts that facilitate the oxidation and reduction reactions involved in a proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (see picture). Recent work has demonstrated how the shape control of Pt–Mn alloy nanocrystals can result in increased activities when the alloys are used in fuel-cell electrocatalysts.
Chronic leukaemias (2016)

Chronic Leukaemia, as contrasted to the acute luekemia, are slowly growing clonal malignancies of the hematopoietic system in which, even without active intervention, survival is possible for several years. In the past decade there have been several advances in the basic understanding of these diseases which have lead to improvement in survival of several decades in the majority of patients which is now being referred to as ‘operational cure’. This chapter covers the chronic leukaemias (chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), hairy cell leukaemia, prolymphocytic leukaemia, large granular lymphocytic leukaemia (LGL), and hairy cell leukaemia variant (HCL-v), including epidemiology, staging and diagnosis, molecular biology, pathology, medical management, disease monitoring, management of relapse/refraction, and future directions.
Fabrication and Characterization of SiO<sub>2</sub> Based Waveguide Co-Doped with Si-Nanocrystal and Er<sup>3+</sup> (2007)

Si and Er co-doped SiO2 films were fabricated by radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering technique with a Si-Er-SiO2 target. The optical gain of 0.7 dB/cm was confirmed by the direct pumping of Er3+ using the laser diode (LD) of 980 nm in wavelength and 60 mW in output power. On the contrary, the pumping Si-nanocrystals by the Hg lamp 365 nm (1.5 W/cm2) induced the absorption loss above 1.48 μm region in wavelength, which was attributed to the free carrier absorption of Si-nanocrystals.
Overexpression and mutation of ZNF384 is associated with favorable prognosis in breast cancer patients (2019)

Background: To search for genes with high sensitivity and to explore its application value related to clinical prognostic prediction, so as to provide important foundation for the preventive intervention, early diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation for breast cancer.
 Methods: Tissue samples from ten clinical breast cancer patients were collected to search for the common mutant genes among various samples, and to explore the enrichment degree of mutant genes at both disease and signaling pathway levels using the whole exome sequencing (WES). Subsequently, targets genes with changes in expression levels that showed high correlations with mutation were screened from the above common genes using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. On this basis, differences in the mutation and expression levels of the screened target genes between breast cancer tissues and para-carcinoma tissues, as well as their correlations with patient survival were analyzed using the gene expression and mutation data in TCGA database, together with the clinical information. Finally, the potential regulatory pathways and potential downstream targets of the target genes were predicted through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using Multi-Experiment Matrix (MEM) software.
 Results: A total of 23 common mutant genes were discovered from the tissue samples from ten breast cancer patients, which were mostly enriched in the cancer, PI3K/Akt and cAMP signaling pathways. Among these 23 genes, only the changes in the expression levels of ZNF384 and PDE4DIP had displayed over 15% consistency with mutation. Besides, it was discovered through TCGA database analysis that, the expression level of ZNF384 gene in breast cancer tissues with ZNF384 mutation was far higher than that in those with no ZNF384 mutation. Moreover, such gene mutation and high expression had shown significantly positive correlation with the patient survival (P<0.05). In addition, GSEA indicated that, tissues with high ZNF384 expression were associated with enrichments related to cell cycle signaling pathway and mitosis metaphase pathway, while this series of effects might be correlated with its regulation on the level and activity of its downstream gene CXCL14.
 Conclusions: ZNF384 mutation and up-regulated ZNF384 expression level in breast cancer tissues is significantly positively correlated with patient survival. Therefore, ZNF384 can serve as a molecular marker for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of breast cancer as well as a potential therapeutic target.
Experimental investigation of the beam spot size radius in single-mode fibre tapers (1984)

Fibre tapers have been evaluated with regard to the spot size radius enlargement effect predicted theoretically. The experiments show that the expected amount of improvement does not occur under the applied drawing conditions. For fibre tapers with taper lengths up to 1 mm and fibre core inclination angles between 0.6 and 1.2° it amounts to 20% at maximum.
Development of Monoclonal Antibodies that Inhibit Platelet Adhesion or Aggregation as Potential Anti-Thrombotic Drugs (2006)

Cardiovascular disease is the major cause of mortality in Western countries. Platelets play a crucial role in the development of arterial thrombosis and other pathophysiologies leading to clinical ischemic events. In the damaged vessel wall, platelets adhere to the subendothelium through an interaction with von Willebrand factor (VWF), which forms a bridge between subendothelial collagen and the platelet receptor glycoprotein (GP) Ib/IX/V. This reversible adhesion allows platelets to roll over the damaged area, decreasing their velocity and resulting in strong platelet activation. This leads to the conformational activation of the platelet GPIIb/IIIa receptor, fibrinogen binding and finally to platelet aggregation. As each interaction (collagen-VWF, VWF-GPIb and GPIIb/IIIa-fibrinogen) plays an essential role in primary haemostasis, loss of either of these interactions results in a bleeding diathesis, implying that interfering with these interactions might result in an anti-thrombotic effect. Whereas GPIIb/IIIa antagonists indeed are effective anti-thrombotics, it has been suggested that drugs which block the initial steps of thrombus formation (collagen-VWF or VWF-GPIb interaction) might have advantages over the ones that merely inhibit platelet aggregation. In this review we will discuss and compare the development of monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) that inhibit platelet adhesion or platelet aggregation. The effect of the moAbs in in vitro experiments, in in vivo models and in clinical trials will be described. Benefits, limitations, current applications and the future perspectives in the development of antibodies for each target will be discussed.
Catheter-Based Renal Denervation Reduces Atrial Nerve Sprouting and Complexity of Atrial Fibrillation in Goats (2015)

RDN reduces atrial sympathetic nerve sprouting, structural alterations, and AF complexity in goats with persistent AF, independent of changes in blood pressure.
Combination Chemoprevention of Intestinal Carcinogenesis in a Murine Model of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (2008)

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is an autosomal dominantly inherited syndrome in humans. The Apc(Min/+) mouse, which expresses a mutant homolog of the adenomatous polyposis coli gene, is a model of FAP in humans. Treatment with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) sulindac or celecoxib can suppress polyp development in FAP patients, but responses are generally transient and incomplete. Combination chemoprevention with the ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and either celecoxib or sulindac was evaluated in the Apc(Min/+) mouse. Combinations of DFMO and either NSAID reduced intestinal tumor number by more than 80% (P < 0.0001) compared to untreated controls. In addition to the dramatic reduction in tumor number, the combination of DFMO and sulindac reduced the development of high-grade intestinal adenomas compared to sulindac alone (P = 0.003). The fraction of high-grade intestinal adenomas remaining after treatment was similar for the combination of DFMO and celecoxib and celecoxib alone. Only combinations of DFMO plus sulindac reduced total intestinal polyamine contents compared to untreated mice. These data support the rationale for treatment of FAP patients postcolectomy with DFMO combined with either celecoxib or sulindac but indicate that sulindac may be more effective than celecoxib in reducing intestinal polyamine contents and the incidence of high-grade intestinal adenomas when combined with DFMO.
(Z)-N-(3-(2-Chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methylthiazol-2(3H)-ylidene) Pivalamide: Synthesis and Crystal Structure (2011)

Synthesis of the title compound was carried out by base-catalyzed cyclization of 1-pivaloyl-3-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl) thiourea with α-bromoacetone produced in situ. The structure was confirmed by the spectroscopic and elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction data. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with unit cell dime sions a = 8.7137(10), b = 10.2010(14), c = 10.6593(13), α = 62.671(9), β = 82.701(10), γ = 79.762(10), V = 827.21(8) Å³, Z = 2.
Realization independent single time-delay dynamical model interpolation and ℋ<inf>2</inf>-optimal approximation (2015)

In this paper, the realization-free model approximation problem, as stated in [1], [2], is revisited in the case where the interpolating model might be time-delay dependent. To this aim, the Loewner framework, initially settled for delay-free realization, is firstly generalized to the single delay case. Secondly, the (infinite) model approximation ℋ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> optimality conditions are established through the use of the Lambert functions. Finally, a numerically effective iterative scheme, named dTF-IRKA, similar to the TF-IRKA [2], is proposed to reach a part of the aforementioned optimality conditions. The proposed method validity and interest are assessed on different numerical examples.
Near-field photoluminescence imaging spectroscopy of an n-type modulation-doped quantum well with a lateral periodic potential (2004)

We describe near-field photoluminescence microscopy of an n-type GaAs/AlGaAs modulation-doped quantum well with a square mesh gate structure. The optical near-field image changed from a square array to an isolated dot array as the negative bias voltage between the mesh gate and back electrode was tuned. The correlation between the image and the calculated electron density distribution indicated that the photoluminescence signal was due to the recombination of electrons defined by the tunable field-induced potential and slowly diffusing holes.