gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Over-the-Top Television Services and Changes in Consumer Viewing Patterns in South Africa (2021)

Abstract A significant change in consumer viewing habits has taken place globally with the introduction and growth of over-the-top television services (OTT TV). In the absence of scientific evidence on television consumer behavior viewership changes, this paper’s objective was to ascertain the television viewing patterns, given the rise of OTT TV services in South Africa. The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a convenience sampling method. Online survey questionnaires were distributed on reputable social media networks and collected 391 responses. The study results suggest changes to TV consumption, in that more TV consumers are binge-watching and streaming content online. Furthermore, more than five hours a day are spent online consuming TV content, especially by male respondents. The sharing of OTT TV logon credentials with family and friends is prevalent across all demographic groups. The fundamental aspect of this paper is that it illuminates the rivalry between the Pay-Tv operators and OTT TV service providers while aiding the Independent Communications Authority of South Africa (ICASA) to regulate the market.
637. Whole-Genome Sequencing (WGS) of Isolates from Resolving (RB) and Persistent (PB) Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia (2019)

Abstract Background The basis for PB in MRSA is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that PB isolates will exhibit distinct genetic variation vs. resolving bacteremia (RB). Methods MRSA isolates from an existing cohort of prospectively enrolled patients with PB (n = 81) and RB (n = 81) were matched by sex, age, dialysis, diabetes mellitus, and presence of any implantable medical device. WGS was performed via MiSeq 2x150 runs (Illumina®) with a targeted depth of 150-fold at Duke Genome Sequencing Core (DUGSIM). The genome sequence was analyzed, assembled, and annotated in PATRIC. Results No genetic signature was associated with PB or RB isolates at the genome-wide significance level. Phylogenetic analysis separated the genomes into two distinct clades [Clade 1 (C1): 77 genomes; predominantly CC5; Clade 2 (C2): 74 genomes; predominantly CC8; Figure 1]. Most isolates in C1 genome carried SCC Mec type II (2A) vs. the SCC Mec type IV (2B) in C2. C1 and C2 had a total of 3602 (407 unique only to C1) and 3563 (368 unique only to C2) protein families, respectively, with 3195 families shared across the two groups. Out of the 407 unique C1 protein families, majority were not shared across all the genomes and only 28 were found in more than 40 of the genomes. A detailed look of 28 protein families showed that majority were found to be in 3 distinct genomic regions (R1—5.6 kb, 7 genes, also contains mecI; R2—18.2 kb; 16 genes; R3—6.3 kb, 6 genes, 2 predicted erythromycin resistance gene). Furthermore, 12 of C1 genomes lack these unique regions. Most of the genomes in C1 (Other than 12 genomes) carry genes responsible for erythromycin and clindamycin resistance. Out of the 368 protein families unique to C2, only 3 are widely shared (2 hypothetical proteins and 1 two-component transcriptional regulator. Patient characteristics were not associated with clade type. Conclusion The basis for the PB phenotype in patients with MRSA bacteremia is not due to sequence-based variation in the bacterial genome. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
A Study on Characteristics of TiH<sub>2</sub>-Al-Nb Alloyed Powder During High Energy Ball Milling (2011)

In this paper, TiH 2 -47Al-5Nb (at.%) and TiH 2 -47Al-7Nb(at.%) alloys were mixed and synthesized using TiH 2 , Al and Nb powders. The composition and morphology evolution of the mixed powder were systematically investigated during high energy ball milling. The results show obvious that structure change of the particle during milling, and amorphous, TiAl, Ti 3 Al and Ti 2 Al phases at nanoscale are formed. The addition of Nb shows an active influence on the decomposition of TiH 2 and formation of TiAl-intermetallics. Compare with Ti-Al system alloy, the forming process of TiAl-intermetallics for TiH 2 -Al-Nb system alloy is different and slower. Ti 2 Al metastable phase formed after ball milling for 15 h in our experiments.
Three-dimensional localization of polymer nanoparticles in cells using ToF-SIMS (2015)

Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) three-dimensional (3D) depth profiling and a novel background subtraction method were used to localize polymeric nanoparticles within cells. Results showed that ToF-SIMS 3D depth profiling is capable of localizing polymer nanoparticles within HeLa cells. ToF-SIMS results compared well with optical images of cells incubated with fluorescently labeled polymer nanoparticles, with both imaging techniques demonstrating clustering of nanoparticles in punctate regions consistent with endosomal localization as anticipated based on the nanoparticle design.
Precision Profiling of the Cardiovascular Post-Translationally Modified Proteome (2018)

There is an exponential increase in biological complexity as initial gene transcripts are spliced, translated into amino acid sequence, and post-translationally modified. Each protein can exist as multiple chemical or sequence-specific proteoforms, and each has the potential to be a critical mediator of a physiological or pathophysiological signaling cascade. Here, we provide an overview of how different proteoforms come about in biological systems and how they are most commonly measured using mass spectrometry-based proteomics and bioinformatics. Our goal is to present this information at a level accessible to every scientist interested in mass spectrometry and its application to proteome profiling. We will specifically discuss recent data linking various protein post-translational modifications to cardiovascular disease and conclude with a discussion for enablement and democratization of proteomics across the cardiovascular and scientific community. The aim is to inform and inspire the readership to explore a larger breadth of proteoform, particularity post-translational modifications, related to their particular areas of expertise in cardiovascular physiology.
Supplementary Figure 7 from GSK-3α Promotes Oncogenic KRAS Function in Pancreatic Cancer via TAK1–TAB Stabilization and Regulation of Noncanonical NF-κB (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 85K, NF-κB2 depletion leads to increase in PARP cleavage. Indicated cell lines were transiently transfected with specified siRNAs, and 72 hours later whole cell extracts immunoblotted for cleaved PARP.&lt;/p&gt;
The Simplified Method For the Prediction of Radiation Damping Coefficients (2007)

This paper describes a simplified analytical procedure to predict the hydrodynamic radiation damping coefficients. In the formulation of the wave damping force due to oscillatory rigidbody motion, the use of the wave radiation component is made. At the initial stage of the development a rectangular barge form was used and the formulation is based on the strip theory. The simplified numerical procedure developed was used to predict the hydrodynamic characteristics of a prismatic barge. The hydrodynamic coefficients are developed using the HaskindNewman relation together with the 2D energy conservation principle in the frequency domain and numerical results from the radiation damping coefficient and force calculations are compared with Vughts’ experimental results.
Portable Compact Multifunction IR Calibrator (1988)

New infrared calibration test facilities are required to provide for the calibration of sensors that exhibit resolution in the microradian range and that utilize a large number of detectors in linear and area arrays. Simple collimators with low divergent beams are typically physically large, costly to cool, and provide only a partial calibration. Other capabilities such as multiple point sources, bar patterns and an extended-area source are needed. A compact portable multifunction calibrator is designed for future sensor systems that enables a linearity calibration for all detectors simultaneously using a near small area source ( Jones source), a high resolution mapping of the focal plane with 10 prad setability and with a blur of less than 100 prad, system spectral response calibration (radiometer) using a Michelson interferometer source, relative spectral response (spectrometer) using high-temperature external commercial blackbody simulators, and an absolute calibration using an internal low-temperature extended-area source. In addition, a scatter plate is available to provide a diffuse full-field and full-aperture but attenuated high-temperature radiation source, bar pattern reticles to provide direct evaluation of modulation transfer function and and bandpass filters to provide system parameter evaluation at selected wavelengths. The portable system is made compact through the use of a folded Gregorian collimator design and includes an extended-area source, scatter plate, and Jones source which are stowed in the system and can be switched into the beam.
A 77-GHz Phased-Array Transceiver With On-Chip Antennas in Silicon: Transmitter and Local LO-Path Phase Shifting (2006)

Integration of mm-wave multiple-antenna systems on silicon-based processes enables complex, low-cost systems for high-frequency communication and sensing applications. In this paper, the transmitter and LO-path phase-shifting sections of the first fully integrated 77-GHz phased-array transceiver are presented. The SiGe transceiver utilizes a local LO-path phase-shifting architecture to achieve beam steering and includes four transmit and receive elements, along with the LO frequency generation and distribution circuitry. The local LO-path phase-shifting scheme enables a robust distribution network that scales well with increasing frequency and/or number of elements while providing high-resolution phase shifts. Each element of the heterodyne transmitter generates +12.5 dBm of output power at 77 GHz with a bandwidth of 2.5 GHz leading to a 4-element effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) of 24.5 dBm. Each on-chip PA has a maximum saturated power of +17.5 dBm at 77 GHz. The phased-array performance is measured using an internal test option and achieves 12-dB peak-to-null ratio with two transmit and receive elements active
Patterns for essential use case bodies (2003)

Essential use cases are an effective way to analyse the usability requirements for a system under development. Essential use cases are quite stylised -- writing good essential use cases is somewhat of a secret art. This paper contains patterns that describe how to write the bodies of essential use cases. Readers of this paper will be able to write good essential use cases quickly, making it easier to specify usable systems.
Enhanced Biocatalytic Performance of Bacterial Laccase from Streptomyces sviceus: Application in the Michael Addition Sequence Towards 3‐Arylated 4‐Oxochromanes (2015)

Abstract A fast and efficient laccase‐catalysed oxidation/Michael addition sequence is performed using the bacterial laccase Ssl 1 from Streptomyces sviceus under basic conditions to provide a new class of 3‐arylated 4‐oxochromanes. This approach has advantages compared to previous biocatalytic arylation protocols that use fungal laccases under slightly acidic conditions to allow a significant decrease in reaction time with improved yields and maintained regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. Furthermore, a successful diastereoselective, consecutive one‐pot approach with the use of a hydrogenation flow system combined with the laccase‐catalysed arylation was performed. Finally, the general utility of this enzyme as a superior biocatalyst for Michael additions using several nucleophiles was demonstrated. The corresponding starting material was obtained in a straightforward esterification/hydrogenation process with the latter accomplished by using the flow system.
Hamster UDP-N-Acetylglucosamine:Dolichol-P N-Acetylglucosamine-1-P Transferase Has Multiple Transmembrane Spans and a Critical Cytosolic Loop (1996)

UDP-GlcNAc:dolichol-P GlcNAc-1-P transferase (GPT) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) enzyme responsible for synthesis of GlcNAc-P-P-dolichol, the committed step of dolichol-P-P-oligosaccharide synthesis. The sequence of hamster GPT predicted multiple transmembrane segments (Zhu, X., and Lehrman, M. A. (1990) J. Biol. Chem. 265, 14250-14255). GPT has also been predicted to act on the cytosolic face of the ER membrane, based on topological studies of its substrates and products. In this report we test these predictions by: (i) immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies specific for native GPT sequences or epitope tags inserted into GPT, after selective permeabilization of the plasma membrane with digitonin; (ii) insertion of Factor Xa cleavage sites; (iii) in vitro translation of GPT; and (iv) site-directed mutagenesis. The loops between the 1st and 2nd and between the 9th and 10th predicted transmembrane spans of GPT were found to be cytosolic. In contrast, the loop between the 6th and 7th transmembrane spans, as well as the carboxyl terminus, were lumenal. Thus, hamster GPT must cross the ER membrane at least three times, consistent with previous computer-assisted predictions. There was no apparent N-glycosylation or signal sequence cleavage detected by in vitro translation. The cytosolic loop between the 9th and 10th transmembrane spans is the largest hydrophilic segment in GPT and, as judged by site-directed mutagenesis, has a number of conserved residues essential for activity. Hence, these results directly support the hypothesis that dolichol-P-P-oligosaccharide assembly is initiated in the cytosol and that a downstream intermediate must translocate to the lumenal face of the ER membrane.
Gene therapy for the treatment of adenosine deaminase-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (2017)

Introduction: Adenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency was the first human disease treated with gene therapy. Initial trials established proofs of concepts, but did not lead to cure of the severe combined immune deficiency that is the hallmark of this disease. A breakthrough trial combined gammaretroviral gene therapy with non-myeloablative conditioning of subjects unable to benefit from enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with pegylated bovine ADA (PEG-ADA). Three additional trials have confirmed the ability of gene therapy to cure the clinical immune defect of ADA deficiency.Areas covered: This article reviews the development of gene therapy for ADA-SCID, compares the four trials that have been reported and discusses open questions remaining in the field.Expert opinion: Gene therapy may be regarded as standard of care for the majority of patients with ADA deficiency, along with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or ERT. The appropriate sequencing of these treatments remains uncertain. While gammaretroviral gene therapy has been approved in Europe, remaining concerns about potential genotoxicity have led to further development, including the use of lentivirus vectors and modification of peri-transplant management. The ability of gene therapy to completely correct both the immunologic and non-immunologic manifestations of ADA deficiency remains to be demonstrated.
Service-Based Survey of Dystonia in Munich (2002)

We performed a service-based epidemiological study of dystonia in Munich, Germany. Due to favourable referral and treatment patterns in the Munich area, we could provide confident data from dystonia patients seeking botulinum toxin treatment. A total of 230 patients were ascertained, of whom 188 had primary dystonia. Point prevalence ratios were estimated to be 10.1 (95% confidence interval 8.4-11.9) per 100,000 for focal and 0.3 (0.0-0.6) for generalised primary dystonia. The most common focal primary dystonias were cervical dystonia with 5.4 (4.2-6.7) and essential blepharospasm with 3.1 (2.1-4.1) per 100,000 followed by laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) with 1.0 (0.4-1.5) per 100,000.
Applications of CFD for Optimization of Cabinet Dryers (2018)

Cabinet dryers are the most extensively used drying device in the food industry and farms because of their simple and economic design. However, non-uniformity in the moisture content of the end product is the main disadvantage of this drying system. In food processing, optimization of the drying stage is very important due to the need to control energy consumption and waste products. Optimum conditions for heat and mass transfer in a cabinet dryer depend on a number of parameters, including temperature and relative humidity of the drying air, product moisture content, flow rate, airflow pattern, geometrical features of dryer such as tray porosity, direction of airflow and distances of trays from each other. Usually determining the effect of the geometry on fluid flow distribution to design a new structure is the main purpose of cabinet dryer simulation by CFD. In this chapter, the operating conditions and structural factors of the cabinet dryer are going to be discussed and some useful models for drying process presented.
Incremental development productivity decline (2013)

Incremental models are now being used by many organizations in order to reduce development risks while trying to deliver the product on time. It has become the most common method of software development with characteristics that influences the productivity of projects.
Fabrication of Advanced Particles and Particle‐Based Materials Assisted by Droplet‐Based Microfluidics (2011)

Recent advances in the fabrication of complex particles and particle-based materials assisted by droplet-based microfluidics are reviewed. Monodisperse particles with expected internal structures, morphologies, and sizes in the range of nanometers to hundreds of micrometers have received a good deal of attention in recent years. Due to the capability of generating monodisperse emulsions and of executing precise control and operations on the suspended droplets inside the microchannels, droplet-based microfluidic devices have become powerful tools for fabricating complex particles with desired properties. Emulsions and multiple-emulsions generated in the microfluidic devices can be composed of a variety of materials including aqueous solutions, gels, polymers and solutions containing functional nanoparticles. They are ideal microreactors or fine templates for synthesizing advanced particles, such as polymer particles, microcapsules, nanocrystals, and photonic crystal clusters or beads by further chemical or physical operations. These particles are promising materials that may be applicable for many fields, such as photonic materials, drug delivery systems, and bio-analysis. From simple to complex, from spherical to nonspherical, from polymerization and reaction crystallization to self-assembly, this review aims to help readers be aware of the many aspects of this field.
New Insights into the Mechanism of Mobility Reduction by Associative Type Copolymers (2013)

Abstract New thickeners based on associative properties and their application in enhanced oil recovery are discussed. The new thickeners are anionic, water-soluble, hydrophobically modified copolymers. The rheological properties as well as the flow properties in porous media have been evaluated. In bulk the polymer viscosity is shear thinning and the viscosity vs. shear rate profile is comparable with other synthetic EOR polymers. For most of the other tested parameters, the new thickeners differ from what is assumed as the standard properties for EOR polymers. The relative viscosity increases by increasing the temperature, especially at low shear rates. The core flood experiments revealed a significant mobility reduction in sandstone cores, both at ambient and elevated temperature. The mobility reduction demonstrated strongly shear thinning behavior. For standard EOR polymers the main contribution to the mobility reduction and improved mobility ratio is the polymer viscosity, while for the new thickeners the mobility reduction seems to be dominated by reversible polymer retention that is lowering the permeability. Post water injection resulted in low permeability reduction. However, the time to regain the permeability was significant. Flood experiments with the associative polymer in Bentheim sandstone cores showed significantly increased oil production. The incremental oil recovery was interpreted by the capillary number which due to the high mobility reduction exceeded the critical capillary number. Because of the high mobility reduction a further increase in oil production would have been possible by only slight reduction of the oil-water interfacial tension by addition of small amounts of a surfactant. Moreover the new associative polymer seems to be more shear stable than other synthetic EOR polymers.
Towards robust, interpretable neural networks via Hebbian/anti-Hebbian learning: A software framework for training with feature-based costs (2022)

Conventional deep neural network (DNN) training with an end-to-end cost function is unable to exert control on, or to provide guarantees regarding the features extracted by the layers of a DNN. Thus, despite the pervasive impact of DNNs, there remain significant concerns regarding their (lack of) interpretability and robustness. In this work, we develop a software framework in which end-to-end costs can be supplemented with costs which depend on layer-wise activations, permitting more fine-grained control of features. We apply this framework to include Hebbian/anti-Hebbian (HaH) learning in a discriminative setting, demonstrating promising gains in robustness for CIFAR10 image classification.
Formaldehyde-Inactivated Whole-Virus Vaccine Protects a Murine Model of Enterovirus 71 Encephalomyelitis against Disease (2009)

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes childhood hand, foot, and mouth disease and neurological complications, and no vaccines or therapeutic drugs are currently available. Formaldehyde-inactivated whole-virus vaccines derived from EV71 clinical isolates and a mouse-adapted virus (MAV) were tested in a mouse model of EV71 encephalomyelitis. After only two immunizations, given to mice at 1 and 7 days of age, the MAV vaccine protected mice at 14 days of age from disease. Tissues from immunized mice were negative for virus by viral culture, reverse transcriptase PCR, immunohistochemistry analysis, and in situ hybridization. Cross-neutralizing EV71 antibodies to strains with genotypes B3, B4, and C1 to C5 generated in immunized adult mice were able to passively protect 14-day-old mice from disease.
DeDu: Building a deduplication storage system over cloud computing (2011)

This paper presents a deduplication storage system over cloud computing. Our deduplication storage system consists of two major components, a front-end deduplication application and Hadoop Distributed File System. Hadoop Distributed File System is common back-end distribution file system, which is used with a Hadoop database. We use Hadoop Distributed File System to build up a mass storage system and use a Hadoop database to build up a fast indexing system. With the deduplication applications, a scalable and parallel deduplicated cloud storage system can be effectively built up. We further use VMware to generate a simulated cloud environment. The simulation results demonstrate that our deduplication cloud storage system is more efficient than traditional deduplication approaches.