gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The New Biochemistry of Vanadium (1982)

Abstract In the short time since 1977, when it was discovered that vanadate is a potent inhibitor of the sodium pump (Na,K-ATPase), vanadium has become a valuable and widely used probe of enzyme function and mechanism. In the V(V) oxidation state, as diamagnetic vanadate, it mimics phosphate and interacts with a large class of phosphatases and phosphotransferases. In the V(IV) oxidation state, as paramagnetic vanadyl, it behaves as a transition metal ion and can replace other such ions in metalloproteins. Because the potentials of V(V) and V(IV) lie within limits tolerated by living systems, vanadium can also participate in many biological electron transfer reactions. The wide variety of effects reported in the literature that arc observed when vanadium is added exogenously to enzymes, cells and tissues can be largely explained by consideration of the principles of aqueous inorganic vanadium chemistry. The true role of endogenous vanadium in living systems remains obscure, however.
The Effect of Metal Introduced Over ZSM-5 Zeolite for C9Heavy Aromatics Hydrodealkylation (2009)

Abstract Five different (Bi, Ni, Mo, Pt, H)/ZSM-5 catalysts were tested for hydrodealkylation (HDA), isomerisation, dehydrogenated, cyclistion, and poly-alkyl-aromatics activities. Experiments were performed in a fixed-bed microreactor between 300°C and 420°C, at a total pressure of 0.8 MPa and a liquid hourly space velocity of 1.0 h−1. Pt (Mo)/ZSM-5 catalysts enhanced activity in terms of better balance between metal nanoparticles formed and acid sites. Pt-loading catalysts were the best overall catalysts, producing high C9 alkyl-aromatics (isopropylbenzene) conversion (95.9%), high HDA selectivity (92.2%), and relatively low reaction temperature. Mo-loading catalysts, despite producing the high conversion, required the higher reaction temperatures. Keywords: C9 heavy aromaticscatalystshydrodealkylationZSM-5
Isolation and characterization of a strong promoter element from the Streptomyces ghanaensis phage I19 using the gentamicin resistance gene (aacC1) of Tn1696 as reporter (1997)

A promoter-probe shuttle plasmid (pGL7011) containing the promoterless aminoglycoside-O-acetyltransferase I gene (aacC1) of Tn1696 was used to isolate DNA fragments from Streptomyces ghanaensis phage I19 that possessed promoter activity in Streptomyces lividans TK23. Analysis of gentamicin (Gm) resistance levels in Escherichia coli and in S. lividans TK23, and of aacC1 mRNA levels in S. lividans, identified a fragment (F14) that exhibited a high level of promoter activity in both species. Subsequent analysis revealed that the promoter activity of SF14 (a subcloned fragment of F14) was about twice that of ermEp*, one of the strongest characterized actinomycete promoters. SF14 contained two tandemly arranged promoters, 14-Ip and p14-IIp, with overlapping and adjacent -10 and -35 regions, respectively. Both promoters appear to be recognized with different efficiencies by the major RNA polymerase holoenzyme (E sigma hrdB) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2).
Design of MLSD-based receivers for short-range optical communications using the Volterra expansion (2016)

Maximum Likelihood Sequence Detectors (MLSD) have been largely used to mitigate the Chromatic Dispersion (CD) in Intensity Modulation/Direct Detection (IM/DD) optical communication systems. For practical applications, the high complexity of the receivers remains an important issue. In this paper, we analyze the design of MLSD-based receivers using the Orthogonal Volterra Kernel Model for IM/DD optical communication systems in Metro Optical applications. We discuss the impact in complexity and performance of the main parameters of the model and provide three design options for the MLSD-based receiver. Finally we provide numerical simulations showing the Bit Error Rate (BER) performances of the three considered designs for both On-Off Keying (OOK) and higher order Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM).
Responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to antimicrobials (2014)

Infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa often are hard to treat; inappropriate chemotherapy readily selects multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa. This organism can be exposed to a wide range of concentrations of antimicrobials during treatment; learning more about the responses of P. aeruginosa to antimicrobials is therefore important. We review here responses of the bacterium P. aeruginosa upon exposure to antimicrobials at levels below the inhibitory concentration. Carbapenems (e.g., imipenem) have been shown to induce the formation of thicker and more robust biofilms, while fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin) and aminoglycosides (e.g., tobramycin) have been shown to induce biofilm formation. Ciprofloxacin also has been demonstrated to enhance the frequency of mutation to carbapenem resistance. Conversely, although macrolides (e.g., azithromycin) typically are not effective against P. aeruginosa because of the pseudomonal outer-membrane impermeability and efflux, macrolides do lead to a reduction in virulence factor production. Similarly, tetracycline is not very effective against this organism, but is known to induce the type-III secretion system and consequently enhance cytotoxicity of P. aeruginosa in vivo. Of special note are the effects of antibacterials and disinfectants on pseudomonal efflux systems. Sub-inhibitory concentrations of protein synthesis inhibitors (aminoglycosides, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, etc.) induce the MexXY multidrug efflux system. This response is known to be mediated by interference with the translation of the leader peptide PA5471.1, with consequent effects on expression of the PA5471 gene product. Additionally, induction of the MexCD-OprJ multidrug efflux system is observed upon exposure to sub-inhibitory concentrations of disinfectants such as chlorhexidine and benzalkonium. This response is known to be dependent upon the AlgU stress response factor. Altogether, these biological responses of P. aeruginosa provide useful clues for the improvement and optimization of chemotherapy in order to appropriately treat pseudomonal infections while minimizing the emergence of resistance.
Effect of continuous sugarcane bagasse-derived biochar application on rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) growth, yield and lint quality in the humid Mississippi delta (2023)

Optimizing soil health through soil amendments is a promising strategy for enhancing rainwater efficiency for stabilizing crop production. Biochar, obtained by torrefaction of sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct from sugar mills, has a high potential for its use as a soil amendment, which can boost crop yields, but needs further field trials for its adoption in farming systems. A field study was conducted during 2019-2021 at Stoneville, Mississippi, to assess rainfed cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) production under four biochar levels (0, 10, 20, and 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup>) on Dundee silt loam soil. The effects of biochar on cotton growth and lint yield and quality were examined. Biochar levels had no significant impact on cotton lint and seed yield for the first two years. Still, in the third year, a significant increase in lint yield by 13 and 21.7% was recorded at 20 and 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> biochar levels, respectively. In the third year, lint yields were 1523, 1586, 1721, and 1854 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> at 0, 10, 20 and 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> biochar levels, respectively. Similarly, cotton seed yield increased by 10.8% and 13.4% in 20 and 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> biochar plots. This study demonstrated that successive biochar applications at 20 or 40 t ha<sup>-1</sup> can enhance cotton lint and seed yields under rainfed conditions. These improved yields with biochar did not produce increased net returns due to the increased production costs. Many lint quality parameters were unaffected except for micronaire, fiber strength and fiber length. However, potential long-term benefits of enhanced cotton production from biochar application beyond the length of the study merit further investigation. Additionally, biochar application is more relevant when accrued carbon credits through carbon sequestration outweigh the increased production costs due to biochar application.
Guaranteed cost control for the multi-rate networked control systems with output prediction (2015)

The issue of guaranteed cost control for a multi-rate networked control system with output prediction is addressed in this paper. The multi-rate networked control system means the output of the controller is sampled at a faster rate than the sensor. To consider the multiple sampling rates as well as the communication time-delay induced by the network, the outputs of the object are predicted for the controller to calculate the fast-rate control actions, and a dynamic output feedback controller is designed to guarantee the performance index of the control system. Then the stability of this closed-loop control system will be proved by means of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and a numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
In vitro metabolism of lidoflazine by rat and dog liver fractions. (1977)

Lidoflazine was metabolized very rapidly by 16000 g supernatant fractions of rat and dog liver. The rate and the extent of metabolism were considerably superior for rat liver. Lidoflazine metabolites were purified by extraction and thin-layer chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. The main pathways of the in vitro metabolism by rat and dog liver fractions were the same. Oxidative N-dealkylation was the most important. An incubation of major metabolite 1-[4,4-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-butyl]piperazine, with rat liver fraction was performed. A hydroxylated metabolite and a ketopiperazine metabolite were detected only in the dog experiments.
Development of Laser-Induced Grating Spectroscopy for Application in Shock Tunnels (2014)

An optical setup for laser-induced grating spectroscopy is presented. This setup provides the possibility to induce and analyze electrostrictive gratings as well as thermal gratings. Switching between the techniques can be realized smoothly. Temperature measurements were carried out at different test gas conditions in a temperature range from 20 to 70°C and a pressure range from 0.1 to 2 MPa using a test chamber made of stainless steel. The optically measured temperature was compared with simultaneously recorded thermocouple data to demonstrate the feasibility of the presented method. As a sufficient amount of an absorbing species in the test gas is required for the formation of a thermal grating, the experiments were performed on nitrogen monoxide with concentrations of 10 and 125 ppm, respectively, diluted in molecular nitrogen. Thereby, the higher concentration favors the formation of a thermal grating. Because of the planned application of the setup on a shock tube and a shock tunnel, data gained from single-shot measurements were also compared with thermocouple data.
A methodology for existing system upgrade to current ASME standards and system lifetime extension (1990)

In the wake of the Chernobyl events, there has been an increase in the awareness and review of government operated reactors both internationally, and within the United States. Government reactors have recently come under increased and indepth scrutiny. Department of Energy Secretary Hodel committed to a review of the safety of non-commercial reactors and irradiation facilities within the department. The increased attention has been in the areas of accident response, PRA of the facilities, environmental impacts, and the construction and associated standards for the facilities. This paper focuses on the system qualifications to current standards. Specifically, this paper discusses a method used for upgrading an existing high pressure nuclear system to current ASME Code standards and to extend the system's lifetime. This paper reports the methods used in an attempt to qualify components of the Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) located at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) to current ASME Code Section III standards.
Satellite land mobile communication systems (1989)

The emergence of satellite land mobile services over the last 10 to 15 years is described together with future trends. The difficulties of providing a commercially viable voice service are discussed and alternatives, such as inclined orbit systems and satellites with very large antennas, are suggested as ways in which the initial disadvantages might be overcome. Data services for satellite land mobile traffic and the possibilities of including radio determination of vehicle location as part of these data services are also considered. Future systems, which could have their architecture strongly influenced by the use of onboard processing, are discussed.
WHAT ARE THE ECONOMIC JUSTIFICATIONS FOR THE EXISTENCE OF EXPORT CREDIT AGENCIES AND HOW CAN THEY FACILITATE CROSS BORDER TRADE TO EMERGING MARKET ECONOMIES (2014)

Export Credit Agencies (ECAs) have played an important role in cushioning the downturn in cross border trade during the currenteconomic and financial crisis. This article discusses the role of ECAs in facilitating cross border trade to emerging markets as wellas the economic rationale for the existence of such agencies. It also demonstrates how selected risk mitigation instruments of ECAs,namely: (i) buyer credit guarantee, (ii) supplier credit guarantees and (iii) export loans have been applied in practice. Finally casesare presented that highlight how companies have used the service of ECAs, for example, to obtain better terms, including longer termloans and/or lower interest rates.KEY WORDS: Cross border trade, emerging markets, financial crisis, export credit agencies (ECAs), commercial and non-commercialrisks, and risk mitigation instruments.
E∧3: A Universal emulator for complex systems (2004)

Complex systems made of nonlinear interacting cells are gaining ever and ever interest. An universal environment for the study these systems should provide to the user the possibility of defining the dynamics of the cells as well as the connections among them in a simple and flexible way. In this paper the main characteristics of E∧3, an universal emulator of complex systems, are discussed. This simulator is based on the paradigm of Cellular Nonlinear Network and makes use of parallel computing allowing to considerably extend the size of the simulated system. Each cell is conceived as a nth‐order dynamical system. Moreover, numerical results obtained by emulating a complex system made of a large number (more than 500000) of interacting chaotic units arranged in a 3D lattice are presented. These simulations show an emerging result: organized forms and structure arise from the dynamic evolution of such systems.
Microwave imaging of the brightness temperature distribution of extended areas in the near and far field using two‐dimensional aperture synthesis with high spatial resolution (1998)

Aperture synthesis is an attractive alternative to conventional passive microwave imaging systems for remote sensing applications. Whenever a high spatial resolution is desired or the imaging process should work like an optical camera or when microwave remote sensing in the near field has to be distance adaptive, conventional systems cause a lot of problems. However, aperture synthesis for practical applications requires a lot of single receivers and correlators. This can cause other problems because of the large number of possible imperfections. To get an estimation of such effects, the imaging expressions for the aperture synthesis principle are developed for the near‐ and far‐field conditions of a real system. To support the theory and to get an estimation of the feasibility of this imaging method, a simple experimental system is described and experimental results of high spatial resolution for the near and far field are shown. For the near‐field case a special reconstruction algorithm was developed and is described theoretically and validated by the experiments. A discussion of the temperature resolution of aperture synthesis concludes the paper.
A Simple Single-Input–Single-Output (SISO) Model for a Three-Phase PWM Rectifier (2009)

The challenge in controlling a three-phase pulsewidth modulation (PWM) rectifier under balanced conditions arises from the fact that the state-space averaged model reported in literature has a multi-input-multi-output nonlinear structure and furthermore exhibits a nonminimum phase feature. In this paper, a simple single-input-single-output model is constructed by separating the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> -axis and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> -axis dynamics through appropriate nonlinear feedforward decoupling while maintaining nearly unity power factor operation. With the proposed model, the nonminimum phase feature inherent in an AC-to-DC rectifier becomes a simple right-half-plane zero appearing in the small-signal control-to-output transfer function. In addition, the model exhibits a close similarity to a DC-DC boost converter under both large-signal and small-signal operating conditions. This makes it possible to extend the system analysis and control design techniques of DC-DC converters to the three-phase PWM rectifier also. The validity of the proposed model has been verified experimentally in the frequency domain under open-loop operation of the PWM rectifier. The usefulness of the model is further demonstrated through closed-loop operation of the rectifier with both voltage mode and inner-current-loop-based schemes.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Signaling Regulates miRNA Expression in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cell Line (2012)

In breast carcinomas, increased levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) can act as a mitogen to augment tumorigenesis through the regulation of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways. Signaling through these two pathways allows IGF-1 to employ mechanisms that favor proliferation and cellular survival. Here we demonstrate a subset of previously described tumor suppressor and oncogenic microRNAs (miRNAs) that are under the direct regulation of IGF-1 signaling. Additionally, we show that the selective inhibition of either the MAPK or AKT pathways prior to IGF-1 stimulation prevents the expression of previously described tumor suppressor miRNAs that are family and cluster specific. Here we have defined, for the first time, specific miRNAs under the direct regulation of IGF-1 signaling in the estrogen receptor positive MCF-7 breast cancer cell line and demonstrate kinase signaling as a modulator of expression for a small subset of microRNAs. Taken together, these data give new insights into mechanisms governing IGF-1 signaling in breast cancer.
Parameter estimation for maximizing controllability of linear brain-machine interfaces (2012)

Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) must be carefully designed for closed-loop control to ensure the best possible performance. The Kalman filter (KF) is a recursive linear BMI algorithm which has been shown to smooth cursor kinematics and improve control over non-recursive linear methods. However, recursive estimators are not without their drawbacks. Here we show that recursive decoders can decrease BMI controllability by coupling kinematic variables that the subject might expect to be unrelated. For instance, a 2D neural cursor where velocity is controlled using a KF can increase the difficulty of straight reaches by linking horizontal and vertical velocity estimates. These effects resemble force fields in arm control. Analysis of experimental data from one non-human primate controlling a position/velocity KF cursor in closed-loop shows that the presence of these force-field effects correlated with decreased performance. We designed a modified KF parameter estimation algorithm to eliminate these effects. Cursor controllability improved significantly when our modifications were used in a closed-loop BMI simulator. Thus, designing highly controllable BMIs requires parameter estimation techniques that carefully craft relationships between decoded variables.
Distributed Version Management for Read-Only Actions (1987)

Typical concurrency control protocols for atomic actions, such as two-phase locking, perform poorly for long read-only actions. We present four new concurrency control protocols that eliminate all interference between read-only actions and update actions, and thus offer significantly improved performance for read-only actions. The protocols work by maintaining multiple versions of the system state; read-only actions read old versions, while update actions manipulate the most recent version. We focus on the problem of managing the storage required for old versions in a distributed system. One of the protocols uses relatively little space, but has a potentially significant communication cost. The other protocols use more space, but may be cheaper in terms of communication.
A Single-Chip CMOS-Based Parallel Optical Transceiver Capable of 240-Gb/s Bidirectional Data Rates (2009)

We report here on the design, fabrication, and high-speed performance of a parallel optical transceiver based on a single CMOS amplifier chip incorporating 16 transmitter and 16 receiver channels. The optical interfaces to the chip are provided by 16-channel photodiode (PD) and VCSEL arrays that are directly flip-chip soldered to the CMOS IC. The substrate emitting/illuminated VCSEL/PD arrays operate at 985 nm and include integrated lenses. The complete transceivers are low-cost, low-profile, highly integrated assemblies that are compatible with conventional chip packaging technology such as direct flip-chip soldering to organic circuit boards. In addition, the packaging approach, dense hybrid integration, readily scales to higher channel counts, supporting future massively parallel optical data buses. All transmitter and receiver channels operate at speeds up to 15 Gb/s for an aggregate bidirectional data rate of 240 Gb/s. Interchannel crosstalk was extensively characterized and the dominant source was found to be between receiver channels, with a maximum sensitivity penalty of 1 dB measured at 10 Gb/s for a victim channel completely surrounded by active aggressor channels. The transceiver measures 3.25times5.25 mm and consumes 2.15 W of power with all channels fully operational. The per-bit power consumption is as low as 9 mW/Gb/s, and this is the first single-chip optical transceiver capable of channel rates in excess of 10 Gb/s. The area efficiency of 14 Gb/s/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> per link is the highest ever reported for any parallel optical transmitter, receiver, or transceiver reported to-date.
Supplemental Table 2 from Netrin G1 Promotes Pancreatic Tumorigenesis through Cancer-Associated Fibroblast–Driven Nutritional Support and Immunosuppression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;TMA Clinical Data&lt;/p&gt;
Infrared Emission Spectroscopy Applied to the Oxidation of Molybdenum (1978)

The present work points out the utility of infrared emission spectroscopy as applied to the study of the oxidation of metal surfaces. It is shown that good results can be achieved even with standard dispersion spectrophotometers. The work shows emission spectra obtained at a temperature of only 133°C from samples of about 380 A thickness and 2 cm 2 area. The molybdenum oxides are particularly useful to test the capability of the infrared emission spectroscopy technique. The study of the behavior of the emission bands and the differences between the emission and absorption spectra show that this technique cannot only be an alternative to absorption spectroscopy, but also can give different data from those which can be achieved by the absorption technique. Spectra are recorded directly on the oxidizing sample. The increase in intensity and the change in the shape of the bands are monitored while the oxidation is performed. It is noted that with infrared emission spectroscopy, sample preparation is greatly simplified.