gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>RFLPRetriever: a content-based retrieval system for biological image databases</title> (2001)

The reliance of life science researchers on computer systems has increased dramatically with the progress of the various genome projects. Currently, the demand exists for a biological image database system for the storage and retrieval of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) images. To fulfill this need, we have developed a content-based image retrieval (CBIR) system - RFLPRetriever - for the biological research community. Implementing a CBIR system for storage and retrieval of RFLP images provides several advantages. For example, when a biologist clones a gene, he or she must discover whether the gene has previously been cloned. To do this, the researcher needs to look through thousands of images in search of an RFLP image that contains a similar set of biologically meaningful features as a related image created in the lab. One advantage of using a CBIR system is that by taking the extracted feature vectors, an efficient database indexing structure can be created, providing the system with a rapid retrieval rate. In addition, a CBIR system allows the user to search an image database by submitting a query image in which the user wants to find a matching RFLP image based on a combination of biologically relevant attributes contained in the query image.
Raman Scattering in (1-x)Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–xPbTiO3 Mixed Crystal System II (2001)

The temperature-concentration dependences of the Raman spectra in the high-temperature region above the Burns temperature and the electron diffraction at room temperature were investigated in the (1- x )Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 – x PbTiO 3 mixed crystal system. It was found that in the concentration range below x =0.8, the Raman active modes exist in the cubic phase and the intensities of the Raman lines in the cubic phase decrease with increasing temperature. A finite region where the Raman active modes are observed in the cubic phase was determined in the temperature-concentration phase diagram. On the other hand, no (1/2, 1/2, 1/2) superlattice diffraction was observed in the mixed crystal with the content above x =0.2. The present result indicates that the Raman active modes in the high-temperature phase cannot be explained by the zone folding for the superstructure with the Fm3m symmetry.
Evolutionary design of a multi-ANN control structure for a submersible catamaran (2004)

The development of an automatic design environment for obtaining artificial neural network based control system structures for complex underwater vehicles is presented. The design procedure is carried out by means of evolutionary techniques from a set of specifications using as a fitness evaluator a new type of hydrodynamic simulator based on added mass constants. The model's equations of motion employed were obtained by combining theoretical formulae with experimental data. The resulting design environment, called ADEUS, was used to obtain the neural network based controllers for a submarine catamaran. Results of the simulations obtained using this technique, of the application of the automatic design procedure and of the operation of the controllers thus obtained are presented.
Geologically constrained de‐multiple workflow applied to Jasmine Field, UK North Sea (2010)

The Jasmine Field was discovered in 2006 by ConocoPhillips in the J Block area of the Central North Sea, UK. Seismic imaging of the generally low reflectivity Triassic reservoir is extremely challenging, primarily due to severe multiple contamination caused by 1) the hard water bottom and 2) high impedance chalk formations overlying the reservoir. The relatively poor quality of the existing 3D seismic made it of limited use for appraisal and development of the Jasmine discovery. In support of this appraisal and development program, two separate 3D surveys over the Jasmine field were recently reprocessed and pre‐stack depth migrated. By incorporating target‐oriented parameterization and rigorous testing of each step of the preprocessing through depth imaging, we have developed an effective de‐multiple workflow that significantly improves the reservoir image over previous processing efforts.
Identification of system, observer, and controller from closed-loop experimental data (1994)

This paper considers the identification problem of a system operating in a closed loop with an existing feedback controller. The closed-loop system is excited by a known excitation signal, and the resulting time histories of the closed-loop system response and the feedback signal are measured. From the time history data, the algorithm computes the Markov parameters of a closed-loop observer, from which the Markov parameters of the individual open-loop plant, observer, and controller are recovered. A state-space model of the open-loop plant and the gain matrices for the controller and the observer are then realized. The results of the paper are demonstrated by an example using wind tunnel aircraft flutter test data.
Host Poly(A) Polymerases PAPD5 and PAPD7 Provide Two Layers of Protection That Ensure the Integrity and Stability of Hepatitis B Virus RNA (2021)

Chronic hepatitis B affects more than 250 million patients and is a major public health concern worldwide. HBsAg plays a central role in maintaining HBV persistence, and as such, therapies that aim at reducing HBsAg through destabilizing or degrading HBV RNA have been extensively investigated.
Far-infrared laser gain resulting from rotational perturbations (1969)

A simplified model is used to calculate the unsaturated gains of far-infrared rotational and vibrational-rotational laser transitions that are caused by rotational perturbations. Inversions are derived from the perturbation of an initial Boltzmann distribution of rotational populations, permitting the calculation of laser gains in terms of the perturbation parameters and the vibrational populations. The gain equations are applied to the three perturbations of H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> that result in the largest number of laser lines. Numerical gain values in good qualitative agreement with experimental results are obtained.
Clinical validation and utility of Percepta GSC for the evaluation of lung cancer (2022)

The Percepta Genomic Sequencing Classifier (GSC) was developed to up-classify as well as down-classify the risk of malignancy for lung lesions when bronchoscopy is non-diagnostic. We evaluated the performance of Percepta GSC in risk re-classification of indeterminate lung lesions. This multicenter study included individuals who currently or formerly smoked undergoing bronchoscopy for suspected lung cancer from the AEGIS I/ II cohorts and the Percepta Registry. The classifier was measured in normal-appearing bronchial epithelium from bronchial brushings. The sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated using predefined thresholds. The ability of the classifier to decrease unnecessary invasive procedures was estimated. A set of 412 patients were included in the validation (prevalence of malignancy was 39.6%). Overall, 29% of intermediate-risk lung lesions were down-classified to low-risk with a 91.0% negative predictive value (NPV) and 12.2% of intermediate-risk lesions were up-classified to high-risk with a 65.4% positive predictive value (PPV). In addition, 54.5% of low-risk lesions were down-classified to very low risk with >99% NPV and 27.3% of high-risk lesions were up-classified to very high risk with a 91.5% PPV. If the classifier results were used in nodule management, 50% of patients with benign lesions and 29% of patients with malignant lesions undergoing additional invasive procedures could have avoided these procedures. The Percepta GSC is highly accurate as both a rule-out and rule-in test. This high accuracy of risk re-classification may lead to improved management of lung lesions.
Flexible end-to-end content security in CCN (2014)

Content-centric networking (CCN) project, a flavor of information-centric networking (ICN), decouples data from its source by shifting the emphasis from hosts and interfaces to information. As a result, content becomes directly accessible and routable within the network. In this data-centric paradigm, techniques for maintaining content confidentiality and privacy typically rely on cryptographic techniques similar to those used in modern digital rights management (DRM) applications, which often require multiple consumer-to-producer (end-to-end) messages to be transmitted to establish identities, acquire licenses, and access encrypted content. In this paper, we present a secure content distribution architecture for CCN that is based on proxy re-encryption. Our design provides strong end-to-end content security and reduces the number of protocol messages required for user authentication and key retrieval. Unlike widely-deployed solutions, our solution is also capable of utilizing the opportunistic in-network caches in CCN. We also experimentally compare two proxy re-encryption schemes that can be used to implement the architecture, and describe the proof of concept application we developed over CCNx.
Jim Blinn's corner: dirty pixels (1998)

1. The World's Largest Easter Egg and What Came Out of It 2. What We Need Around Here Is More Aliasing 3. Return of the Jaggy 4. How Many Different Curves Are There? 5. Dirty Pixels 6. Cubic Curve Update 7. Triage Tables 8. The Wonderful World of Video 9. Uppers and Downers 10. Uppers and Downers, Part II 11. The World of Digital Video 12. How I Spent My Summer Vacation-1976 13. NTSC: Nice Technology, Super Color 14. What's the Deal with the DCT? 15. Quantization Error and Dithering 16. Compositing-Theory 17. Composting-Practice 18. How to Attend a SIGGRAPH Conference 19. Three Wrongs Make a Right 20. Fun with Premultiplied Alpha
A tutorial on synthetic aperture radar (2013)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) has been widely used for Earth remote sensing for more than 30 years. It provides high-resolution, day-and-night and weather-independent images for a multitude of applications ranging from geoscience and climate change research, environmental and Earth system monitoring, 2-D and 3-D mapping, change detection, 4-D mapping (space and time), security-related applications up to planetary exploration. With the advances in radar technology and geo/bio-physical parameter inversion modeling in the 90s, using data from several airborne and spaceborne systems, a paradigm shift occurred from the development driven by the technology push to the user demand pull. Today, more than 15 spaceborne SAR systems are being operated for innumerous applications. This paper provides first a tutorial about the SAR principles and theory, followed by an overview of established techniques like polarimetry, interferometry and differential interferometry as well as of emerging techniques (e.g., polarimetric SAR interferometry, tomography and holographic tomography). Several application examples including the associated parameter inversion modeling are provided for each case. The paper also describes innovative technologies and concepts like digital beamforming, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) and bi- and multi-static configurations which are suitable means to fulfill the increasing user requirements. The paper concludes with a vision for SAR remote sensing.
ChemInform Abstract: REAKTIVITAET DER ALLYLISCHEN SYST. VON 2‐BENZYL‐INDEN UND 2‐BENZYLIDEN‐INDAN (1974)

Abstract Reduktion des (E)‐Indanons (I) liefert das (E)‐Indanol (II), das zu den Indenen (III) halogeniert wird.
Energy-efficient Trajectory Tracking for Mobile Devices (2011)

Emergent location-aware applications often require tracking trajectories of mobile devices over a long period of time. To be useful, the tracking has to be energy-efficient to avoid having a major impact on the battery life of the mobile de-vice. Furthermore, when trajectory information needs to be sent to a remote server, on-device simplification of the tra-jectories is needed to reduce the amount of data transmis-sion. While there has recently been a lot of work on energy-efficient position tracking, the energy-efficient tracking of trajectories has not been addressed in previous work. In this paper we propose a novel on-device sensor management strategy and a set of trajectory updating protocols which intelligently determine when to sample different sensors (ac-celerometer, compass and GPS) and when data should be simplified and sent to a remote server. The system is config-urable with regards to accuracy requirements and provides a unified framework for both position and trajectory tracking. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by em-ulation experiments on real world data sets collected from different modes of transportation (walking, running, biking and commuting by car) as well as by validating with a real-world deployment. The results demonstrate that our ap-proach is able to provide considerable savings in the battery consumption compared to a state-of-the-art position track-ing system while at the same time maintaining the accuracy of the resulting trajectory, i.e., support of specific accuracy requirements and different types of applications can be en-sured.
CVD Synthesis of Highly Graphitized Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Nitrogen-pretreated Fe–Mo/MgO Catalyst (2012)

Abstract Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with highly graphitized structure were synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition using an improved nitrogen-pretreated Fe–Mo/MgO catalyst. The effects of nitrogen pretreatment of Fe–Mo/MgO on the structure and properties of SWNTs were studied by TEM, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA. The investigations revealed that the nitrogen pretreatment of the catalyst promoted the growth of SWNTs. It also enhanced the structural features and thermal properties of SWNTs.
The Controlled Center Systems (2007)

In this correspondence, we propose a methodology to stabilize systems with control bifurcations by introducing ldquothe controlled center systems.rdquo A controlled center system is a reduced-order controlled dynamics consisting of the linearly uncontrollable dynamics with the first variable of the linearly controllable dynamics as input. The controller of the full order system is then constructed. We apply this methodology to systems with a transcontrollable, a Hopf, and a double-zero, control bifurcation.
Kinetics and Mechanism of the Formation of Nitroprusside from Aquapentacyanoferrate(III) and NO:  Complex Formation Controlled by Outer-Sphere Electron Transfer (2002)

The kinetics and mechanism of the reaction between nitric oxide and aquapentacyanoferrate(III) were studied in detail. Pentacyanonitrosylferrate (nitroprusside, NP) was produced quantitatively in a pseudo-first-order process. The complex-formation rate constant was found to be 0.252 +/- 0.004 M(-1) s(-1) at 25.5 degrees C, pH 3.0 (HClO(4)), and I = 0.1 M (NaClO(4)), for which the activation parameters are DeltaH++ = 52 +/- 1 kJ mol(-1), DeltaS++ = -82 +/- 4 J K(-1) mol(-1), and DeltaV++ = -13.9 + 0.5 cm(3) mol(-1). These data disagree with earlier studies on complex-formation reactions of aquapentacyanoferrate(III), for which a dissociative interchange (I(d)) mechanism was suggested. The aquapentacyanoferrate(II) ion was detected as a reactive intermediate in the reaction of aquapentacyanoferrate(III) with NO, by using pyrazine and thiocyanate as scavengers for this intermediate. In addition, the reactions of other [Fe(III)(CN)(5)L](n-) complexes (L = NCS(-), py, NO(2)(-), and CN(-)) with NO were studied. These experiments also pointed to the formation of Fe(II) species as intermediates. It is proposed that aquapentacyanoferrate(III) is reduced by NO to the corresponding Fe(II) complex through a rate-determining outer-sphere electron-transfer reaction controlling the overall processes. The Fe(II) complex rapidly reacts with nitrite producing [Fe(II)(CN)(5)NO(2)](4)(-), followed by the fast and irreversible conversion to NP.
ANALYSIS OF THE THERMAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF MARTENSITE BY FRICTION (1974)

A mathematical model based on electrical-circuit equivalence and used to calculate the minimum heat-flux density required for the formation of martensite at the surface of railroad rail steel by friction is decribed. With this model, it is also possible to determine the thickness of the friction-martensite layers. Conclusions drawn from the results are applicable to the formation of the brittle martensite on rails and the wheels of railroad rolling stock, such as freight cars, by braking and engine burns. Other applications are briefly discussed.
MAGmIC PROPEXTIES OF Fe-N/Si-N MULTILAYEXt FILMS (1990)

Fe-N/Si-N multilayer films have been deposited by an opposed target sputtering apparatus and their structure and magnetic properties were in- vestigated in detail. The multilayer films deposited at a proper nitrogen gas flow rate RN have amorphous crystal structure and show excellent soft magnetic properties(coercive force 0.6 Oe). The nitrogen atoms in the Fe-N layer of the film can move easily to the Si-N layer at temperatures below 200'0, if the Si-N layer contains small amount of nitrogen. Furthermore, the interdiffusion of the metal atoms between the Fe-N layer and Si-N layer can occur in the film by anneal- ing at a temperature above LOO0C. On the other hand, in the film with nitrogen content above 20 at.%, the nitrogen content in the Fe-N layer changes very little even if the annealing was performed at a temperature above 600°C and its layered structure can be kept stably. These results suggest that Si-N layer is very useful to realize the multilayer films with good ther- mal stability. Annealing at a temperature above 400 OC can lead to a growth of crystallites in the film, .which deteriorates the soft magnetic properties of these films .
MATERNAL PROTEIN RESTRICTION IN PREGNANCY ACCELERATES SPERM AGING IN RAT OFFSPRING (F1) (2017)

Maternal protein restriction (MPR) during pregnancy leads to premature male reproductive aging. Poor nutrition during development increases oxidative stress (OS), a mechanism implicated in male infertility and aging. We hypothesized MPR in pregnancy accelerates sperm aging and involves OS. Mothers ate control (C) (20% casein) or a restricted (R) (10% casein) isocaloric diet during pregnancy. After birth all rats ate C. At postnatal day (PND) 110, 450, and 850 male F1 were euthanized and epididymal tail and vas deferens sperm obtained to measure: 1) reactive oxygen species ROS, 2) sperm concentration, viability and motility. Data M ± SEM; two-way ANOVA analysis; n=6, p<0.05. At all ages ROS was higher in R vs C (110 PND C: 3 ± 0.2, R: 9 ± 1; 450 PND C: 3 ± 0.1, R: 7 ± 1; 850 PND C: 3 ± 0.1, R: 7 ± 0.4; p<0.05) and sperm quality was reduced. In both groups, ROS did not change with age. Sperm concentration decreased at PND 450 with no further changes (110 PND C: 319 ± 9, R: 271 ± 7; 450 PND C: 252 ± 16, R: 216 ± 14; 850 PND C: 227 ± 13, R: 190 ± 11; p<0.05). For both groups sperm viability decreased at PND 450, but in R sperm viability declined further by PND 850 (110 PND C: 87 ± 1, R: 79 ± 2; 450 PND C: 77 ± 1, R: 68 ± 1; 850 PND C: 78 ± 2, R: 56 ± 4; p<0.05). MPR increases sperm ROS potentially playing an important role in sperm aging trajectory. The increase of sperm ROS of young adults may lead to the programming in F2 via the male germ line.
Flame-Retardant Diaminobenzenes Containing Phosphorus (1993)

Diamines polymerized with dianhydrides or diacyl halides to produce fire-resistant polymers. Properties of polymers useful as matrices in laminated composite-material aircraft structural components that resist fire and exhibit desirable mechanical properties as high tensile strength. Diamines used as encapsulating or potting compounds when reacted with epoxy resins. Free phosphonic acids, byproducts of synthesis of diamines used as complexing agents to extract metals from aqueous solutions or as corrosion inhibitors for metals.
Wafer characterization via sub-nanosecond time-correlated single photon counting (2012)

The free charge carrier lifetime is a highly sensitive parameter that can be used for analyzing the function of semiconductor devices and monitoring the quality of wafer materials. In this context, time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) is presented as a technique for directly determining the free charge carrier lifetime with pulsed diode laser excitation and time-correlated single photon counting, employing highly sensitive single-photon avalanche detectors (SPADs). The full range in time-scales of charge carrier dynamics can be addressed with the capability to resolve luminescence lifetimes from approximately 50 ps up to several hundred microseconds. This is achieved with an instrument response function (IRF) as short as 100 ps and the capability of adjustable repetition rates in the pulsed laser excitation that can be adapted to the luminescence lifetime of the material. The technique is capable of correlating spectral information concerning material specific band gap transitions and transmission edges with the respective luminescence lifetimes in a specific spectral channel. This is particularly valuable for the analysis of multi-component systems. Furthermore, the general instrumentation can be combined with a raster scanning based microscope setup, which can be configured to cover lateral resolutions down to sub-μm scale and scan ranges from 100 microns up to several centimeters [1].
Three-dimensional MMIC architecture using low thermal impedance technology (2002)

A novel architecture for monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs) simultaneously provides significant reduction in die area and extremely efficient heat transfer, as evidenced by 2/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/ MMICs which deliver up to 40 W CW at 1.8 GHz.
Hafnium Reactivity with Boron and Carbon Sources Under Non‐Self‐Propagating High‐Temperature Synthesis Conditions (2008)

The homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions of hafnium (Hf) with boron (B) or carbon (C) powders were studied under non‐self‐propagating high‐temperature synthesis (SHS) conditions in searching for chemically aided processes of ultra‐high‐temperature ceramics at mild and practical conditions. The threshold interactions of the Hf/B and Hf/C powder mixtures consisting of relatively large Hf particles occur at 700° and 800°C, respectively, with no observation of particle melting as previously postulated for igniting SHS reactions. A microscale melting phenomenon at the Hf surface was observed by scanning electron microscopy analysis in heterogeneous reactions between Hf metal strips and B or C powders at the temperature range of 1100°–1200°C, more than 1000°C below the incipient melting point of the metal. The non‐SHS conditions allow halting the reactions at intermediate stages for analytical purposes. Kinetic studies of the homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, heat transfer model analyses, and their association with the investigation of microstructural phenomena were used to postulate the mechanism involved in the observed reactions.
Autonomous Driving in Agriculture Leading to Autonomous Worksite Solutions (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A transformation of agriculture reached commercial reality at the beginning of this century as automated steering of agricultural machine systems increased the productivity and convenience in crop production systems. Following guidance, additional technologies have resulted in increasing optimized machine productivity. Today, integrated worksite solutions through machine and information management continues to transform agriculture. This is the precursor to autonomous worksite solutions that lead to the optimization of the worksite ecosystem. This paper will review the progress from the perspective of the customer value provided by increasing automated systems and the industry execution of autonomous driving technologies and will enable the pathways to autonomous worksites.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;