gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Green lasers are beyond power limits mandated by safety standards (2016)

There has been an increasing number of reports of people losing vision from laser exposure from pocket laser pointers despite the safety limit of 1 milliwatt (1mW) imposed by the Australian government. We hypothesize that this is because commercially available red and green laser pointers are exceeding their labeled power outputs. We tested the power outputs of 4 red and 4 green lasers which were purchased for less than AUD$30 each. The average of 10 measurements was recorded for each laser. We found that 3 out of 4 red lasers conformed to the 1mW safety standard; in contrast, all of the green lasers exceeded this limit, with one of the lasers recording an output of 127.9 mW. This contrast in compliance is explained by the construction of these lasers - green lasers are typically Diode Pumped Solid State (DPSS) lasers that can emit excessive infrared (IR) radiation with poor workmanship or inconsistent adherence to practices of safe design and quality control; red lasers are diode lasers which have limited power outputs due to `Catastrophic Optical Damage' (COD). Relevant professional bodies ought to advocate more strongly for stringent testing, quality control and licensing of DPSS lasers with a view towards government intervention to banning green laser pointer use.
Relationship between β‐cell responsiveness and fasting plasma glucose in Caucasian subjects with newly presenting Type 2 diabetes (2001)

In newly presenting Type 2 diabetes in Caucasian subjects a close inverse association exists between postprandial beta-cell responsiveness and FPG.
3-Dimensional reconstructing algorithm for digital tomo-synthesis (2005)

The digitalized radiographical system provides a set of radiographic projections from predetermined angles of view. From these finite set of digitized radiographs, the internal structure of the body at any arbitary sagital slice can be reproduced using Tomosynthetic technique. However, the resulting image quality is degraded by superimpositions of the structures outside of a focused slice. This paper proposes a new reconstruction method for digital tomo-synthesis to reduce the undesired superimposition. It utilizes a 3-dimensional convolution process with the inverse filter function, which is computed according to the point spread function determined by the projection geometry. By the computer simulation, the advantages of the algorithm have been examined.
Luminescence Study of the Thermal Decomposition of Europium Trichloride Hexahydrate, EuCl3·6H2O (1994)

We have studied the thermal decomposition of EuCl 3 ·6H 2 O using in situ measurements of the Eu 3+ ion luminescence spectrum. The luminescence spectrum proved to be extremely sensitive to structural and compositional changes undergone by the title compound during the decomposition process. There appeared to be no change in the oxidation state of the europium throughout the decomposition process. Four differently hydrated species of EuCl 3 · nH 2 O ( n = 6, 3, 2, or 1) were identified via luminescence spectroscopy. We also observed another intermediate compound formed from the monohydrate prior to the final product EuOCl. Our analysis of this intermediate's spectrum indicates a single Eu 3+ ion site, which is consistent with a formulation of Eu(OH)Cl 2 rather than a mixed EuOCl·2EuCl 3 product, both of which have been postulated by others on the basis of their thermogravimetric measurements.
The Spherical Mirror Fabry-Perot Interferometer (1968)

The theory, design, and use of the confocal spherical mirror Fabry-Perot interferometer (FPS) is described in detail. Topics covered include performance of an FPS for small departures from the confocal mirror separation, optimization of the (resolution) x (light gathering power) product, factors limiting realizable finesse, mode matching considerations, alignment procedures, and general design considerations. Two specific instruments are described. One is a versatile spectrum analyzer with piezo-electric scanning; the other is a highly stable etalon with fixed spacing. Examples of the performance of these instruments are given.
Elucidating the degradation mechanism of the cathode catalyst of PEFCs by a combination of electrochemical methods and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (2016)

In this study, we report a methodology which enables the determination of the degradation mechanisms responsible for catalyst deterioration under different accelerated stress protocols (ASPs) by combining measurements of the electrochemical surface area (ECSA) and Pt content (by X-ray fluorescence). The validation of this method was assessed on high surface area unsupported Pt nanoparticles (Pt-NPs), Pt nanoparticles supported on TaC (Pt/TaC) and Pt nanoparticles supported on Vulcan carbon (Pt/Vulcan). In the load cycle protocol, the degradation of Pt-NPs and Pt/Vulcan follows associative processes (e.g. agglomeration) in the first 2000 cycles, however, in successive cycles the degradation goes through dissociative processes such as Pt dissolution, as is evident from a similar decay of ECSA and Pt content. In contrast, the degradation mechanism for Pt nanoparticles dispersed on TaC occurs continuously through the dissociative processes (e.g. Pt dissolution or particle detachment), with similar decay rates of both Pt content and ECSA. In the start-up/shut-down protocol, high surface area Pt-NPs follow associative processes (e.g. Ostwald ripening) in the first 4000 cycles, after which the degradation continues through dissociative processes. On the other hand, dissociative mechanisms always govern the degradation of Pt/TaC under start-up/shut-down protocol conditions. Finally, we report that Pt nanoparticles supported on TaC exhibit the highest catalytic activity and long term durability of the three nanoparticle systems tested. This makes Pt/TaC a potentially valuable catalyst system for application in polymer electrolyte fuel cell cathodes.
Abstract 2587: In vitro plasma stability of human anti-CD70 antibody drug conjugate, MDX-1203 (2010)

Abstract MDX-1203 is a human anti-CD70 antibody conjugated to a pro-drug containing DNA alkylating cytotoxic Drug A. Drug A is composed of the anti-tumor compound Drug B, containing an ester linked protecting group, and a maleimide containing cleavable peptide linker designed to facilitate conjugation to the antibody. Mechanism of action of ADCs involve antibody mediated tumor specific delivery, cellular uptake, and intracellular pro-drug release and activation. Understanding the stability of the peptide linker as well as the pro-drug in various plasma matrices is critical for the development of successful ADC therapeutic. We have generated mouse monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize either the intact Drug A or Drug A without the protecting group. Using these antibodies, an ELISA method was developed to study in vitro plasma stability of pro-drug in MDX-1203. Our results indicate that the plasma stability of ester linked protecting group varies significantly depending on the animal species probably due to variation in the level of plasma esterase activity. In order to determine the peptide linker stability, a radiolabeled MDX-1203 with 14C radiolabel on Drug A was made. A Thin Layer Chromatography method was developed to determine the in vitro plasma stability of the peptide linker in different plasma matrices. Our results indicate that the peptide linker in MDX-1203 is stable at 37o C up to 6 days. Based on these experimental data, we propose a model for stability of the peptide linker as well as the pro-drug in MDX-1203 in various plasma matrices. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2587.
Effect of different donor cells on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication and selection in vitro (1995)

We sought to determine the effects of different host cells on human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection in vitro. First, 17 primary viruses of various phenotypes were examined for replicative capacity in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 10 healthy donors. While the range of infection was variable over a 40-fold range, it was substantially less than that previously reported (L. M. Williams and M. W. Cloyd, Virology 184:723-728, 1991). In particular, no donor cells demonstrated total resistance to HIV-1 infection. We next cocultured PBMC from an HIV-1-infected patient with stimulated PBMC from three healthy donors to determine the effect of host cells on selection for a particular HIV-1 quasispecies. By using DNA sequencing, it was found that the dominant quasispecies (AD30-15) after culture was nearly identical in the cells of different donors. Furthermore, after 6 months in vivo, the patient developed a dominant proviral population in PBMC that was most closely related to the quasispecies preferentially selected in vitro, although this quasispecies was only a minor fraction of the sequences present earlier in PBMC. In subsequent biological characterizations, it was found that AD30-15 grew much better in PBMC and macrophages than did other related quasispecies. Hence, we conclude that the primary mechanism of in vitro selection for a particular HIV-1 variant in this case is mediated by the phenotypic properties of the virus and is less dependent on host cell origin. The findings reported here have important practical implications for studies of HIV-1 replication in primary cells derived from healthy donors.
Safety of Microfocused Ultrasound With Visualization in Patients With Fitzpatrick Skin Phototypes III to VI (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01368965.
Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT) for MR-guided noninvasive therapeutic ultrasound applications (2009)

In the last decade, noninvasive therapeutic ultrasound guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has increased in popularity for diseases such as cancer and heart arrhythmias. While piezoelectric transducers are the dominant technology for therapeutic ultrasound applications, recently capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) have demonstrated competitive performance and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we present a CMUT design for MR-guided therapeutic ultrasound, with circular cells and center mass (piston) that fulfills the requirements for therapy of upper abdominal cancers, i.e. 1 MPa peak to peak output pressure at 2.5 MHz. In particular, we discuss the choice of cell shape and membrane topography and their influences on output pressure of the device.
Sensitized holmium upconversion emission in LiNbO3 triply doped with Ho3+, Yb3+, and Nd3+ (2008)

Observed is 15 times enhancement of Ho3+ green upconversion (UC) emission in Ho3+(0.75 mol %)/Nd3+(0.75 mol %) doped lithium niobate crystal after incorporating with 4 mol % of Yb3+ under 800 nm femtosecond laser excitation. Yb3+ acting as bridging ion increases the energy transfer efficiency from Nd3+ F43/2 level to Ho3+ in these triply doped systems. The nonradiative energy transfer efficiency from Nd3+ F43/2 to Yd3+ F25/2 level can reach to 56%. The UC emission mechanisms are proposed based on spectral, kinetic, and pump power dependence analyses. The green UC emission is accomplished through a multi-ion interaction involving ground state absorption by the Nd3+ (I49/2→H29/2,F45/2) followed by three successive energy transfer processes involving one Nd3+-Yb3+ (F43/2+F27/2→I49/2+F25/2) and two Yb3+-Ho3+ pairs (F25/2+I58→F27/2+I56 and F25/2+I56→F27/2+S52,F54); whereas the red is dominated by excited state absorption of the Ho3+ (I57→F55) following two successive energy transfer processes involving the Nd3+-Yb3+ (F43/2+F27/2→I49/2+F25/2) and Yb3+-Ho3+ pairs (F25/2+I58→F27/2+I56) followed by the Ho3+ nonradiative relaxation to I57.
Banjo Bill Rock Catchment Basins (2009)

Public safety and maintaining environmental integrity are the two most important features highway departments consider when designing and procuring construction projects along scenic highway corridors. Design, contract procurement and construction of two rock catchment basins on SR 89A in scenic Oak Creek Canyon near Sedona, Arizona required innovative thinking to meet the many environmental and technical challenges presented on this project. Anchored micropile earth retention structures were chosen as the most feasible alternative to create the two basins to catch and contain falling boulders and rocks from entering the roadway and adjacent campground. This paper will present and discuss descriptions of the environmental and geotechnical assessments, retention method selection, anchored micropile wall design features, alternative procurement technique used to contract the project, construction and site challenges, monitoring; and performance of the basin retention system.
Tapis v3 Streams API: Time‐series and data‐driven event support in science gateway infrastructure (2020)

Summary The explosion of IoT devices and sensors in recent years has led to a demand for efficiently storing, processing and analyzing time‐series data. Geoscience researchers use time‐series data stores such as Hydroserver, Virtual Observatory and Ecological Informatics System (VOEIS), and Cloud‐Hosted Real‐time Data Service (CHORDS). Many of these tools require a great deal of infrastructure to deploy and expertise to manage and scale. The Tapis framework, an NSF funded project, provides science as a service APIs to allow researchers to achieve faster scientific results, by eliminating the need to set up a complex infrastructure stack. The University of Hawai'i (UH) and Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) have collaborated to develop an open source Tapis Streams API that builds on the concepts of the CHORDS time series data service to support research. This new hosted service allows storing, processing, annotating, archiving, and querying time‐series data in the Tapis multi‐user and multi‐tenant collaborative platform. The Streams API provides a hosted production level middleware service that enables new data‐driven event workflows capabilities that may be leveraged by researchers and Tapis powered science gateways for handling spatially indexed time‐series datasets.
Temporality and Frame Diffusion: The Case of the Creationist/Intelligent Design and Evolutionist Movements from 1925 to 2005 (2010)

In this chapter, we seek to expand our understanding of how frames travel over time and especially of some of the factors that affect the temporal diffusion of frames. We do so by examining the extent to which the various frames associated with the creationist/intelligent design movement and the evolutionist movement have evolved and mutated from the famous Scopes Monkey Trial in 1925 to the intelligent design (ID) trial in Dover, Pennsylvania in 2005, and by exploring some of the factors contributing to this process of frame change and evolution. We explore these changes within the context of the legal institution, focusing on legal framing in the major court cases involving the teaching of evolution and creation science in public schools in America since the famed Scopes trial. We are not the first to explore legal framing, as Pedriana (2006), among others, has examined competing legal frames within the women's movement. We extend this research by focusing on framing between oppositional movements mobilized around the issues of creationism and evolution.
Bacteriophages as indicators of pollution (1996)

Abstract Water pollution is an undesired reality encountered in many countries. To prevent major outbreaks of infectious disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, and protozoa that contaminate the water, the scientific community has searched for various indicators that could be used to alert their presence. Among the possible indicators, bacteriophages are receiving increasing attention because of the concern with waterborne viral diseases. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing bacteriophages as pollution indicators as seen from the somewhat confusing information accumulated from almost 50 years of research and proposes some new directions in the application of bacteriophages as indicators. Bacteriophages have been studied worldwide as pollution indicators because of the ease of their detection and their morphological similarity to human viruses. In addition, detection of human viruses is still a highly skilled and costly process. Generally speaking, bacteriophages have shown good potential application as indicators in certain situations, but some additional effort is needed in order to determine their real merit.
<sc>FHAST</sc>: FPGA-Based Acceleration of <sc>Bowtie</sc> in Hardware (2015)

While the sequencing capability of modern instruments continues to increase exponentially, the computational problem of mapping short sequenced reads to a reference genome still constitutes a bottleneck in the analysis pipeline. A variety of mapping tools (e.g., Bowtie, BWA) is available for general-purpose computer architectures. These tools can take many hours or even days to deliver mapping results, depending on the number of input reads, the size of the reference genome and the number of allowed mismatches or insertion/deletions, making the mapping problem an ideal candidate for hardware acceleration. In this paper, we present FHAST (FPGA hardware accelerated sequence-matching tool), a drop-in replacement for Bowtie that uses a hardware design based on field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). Our architecture masks memory latency by executing multiple concurrent hardware threads accessing memory simultaneously. FHAST is composed by multiple parallel engines to exploit the parallelism available to us on an FPGA. We have implemented and tested FHAST on the Convey HC-1 and later ported on the Convey HC-2ex, taking advantage of the large memory bandwidth available to these systems and the shared memory image between hardware and software. A preliminary version of FHAST running on the Convey HC-1 achieved up to 70x speedup compared to Bowtie (single-threaded). An improved version of FHAST running on the Convey HC-2ex FPGAs achieved up to 12x fold speed gain compared to Bowtie running eight threads on an eight-core conventional architecture, while maintaining almost identical mapping accuracy. FHAST is a drop-in replacement for Bowtie, so it can be incorporated in any analysis pipeline that uses Bowtie (e.g., TopHat).
Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Treated with Oral Phentolamine (1979)

A patient with symptomatic primary pulmonary artery hypertension underwent therapeutic trials with parenteral and oral phentolamine. Before drug therapy, he manifested marked increases in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance during exercise. This hypertensive response to exercise was significantly attenuated by parenteral phentolamine. He also manifested sustained hemodynamic improvement with the same degree of attenuation of exercise-induced increases in pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary arteriolar resistance 7 months after initiation of therapy with oral phentolamine. Twenty months after initiation of therapy, the patient continues to enjoy symptomatic improvement with a marked increase in exercise tolerance.
A Context-Driven Model for the Flat Roofs Construction Process through Sensing Systems, Internet-of-Things and Last Planner System (2017)

The main causes of building defects are errors in the design and the construction phases. These causes related to construction are mainly due to the general lack of control of construction work and represent approximately 75% of the anomalies. In particular, one of the main causes of such anomalies, which end in building defects, is the lack of control over the physical variables of the work environment during the execution of tasks. Therefore, the high percentage of defects detected in buildings that have the root cause in the construction phase could be avoidable with a more accurate and efficient control of the process. The present work proposes a novel integration model based on information and communications technologies for the automation of both construction work and its management at the execution phase, specifically focused on the flat roof construction process. Roofs represent the second area where more defects are claimed. The proposed model is based on a Web system, supported by a service oriented architecture, for the integral management of tasks through the Last Planner System methodology, but incorporating the management of task restrictions from the physical environment variables by designing specific sensing systems. Likewise, all workers are integrated into the management process by Internet-of-Things solutions that guide them throughout the execution process in a non-intrusive and transparent way.
Cry78Ba1, One Novel Crystal Protein from Bacillus thuringiensis with High Insecticidal Activity against Rice Planthopper (2020)

The rice planthopper is a very important hemipteran pest that preys on rice and substantially affects the safety of rice production. Moreover, the long-term prevention and control of these pests with chemical pesticides has led to an increase in the resistance of the rice planthopper as well as serious environmental pollution and food safety problems. <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt) has been used for the efficient and green control of a variety of rice pests. Therefore, based on the high-throughput screening of Bt strains that are active against the rice planthopper, we found that Bt strain B4F11 showed certain insecticidal activity against <i>Laodelphax striatellus</i> Fallén, and we have identified a novel insecticidal protein Cry78Ba1 from the Bt strain B4F11, which is expected to provide the specific and safe control of the rice planthopper. The Cry78Ba1 protein is composed of 380 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 42.55 kDa and contains conserved Ricin_B_Lectin and Toxin_10 superfamily domains. It displays high insecticidal activity against <i>L. striatellus</i> with a lethal concentration (LC<sub>50</sub>) of 9.723 μg/mL. More importantly, this Toxin_10-like protein does not display sequence homology to any known allergen and can be degraded and inactivated rapidly when heated at 90 °C and in simulated gastrointestinal fluid. In summary, Cry78Ba1 has great potential for applications in the efficient and safe prevention and control of the rice planthopper.
A Study on Fatigue Strength Improvement of Aluminum Alloy Resistant Spot Welds by Cold Working (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A new renal artery clamp and applicator (1963)

A modification in the design of the Goldblatt renal artery clamp and a description of a new single unit applicator-adjuster are presented. Detailed construction diagrams as well as a description of operative technique are given. The new clamp and applicator were used extensively in preparing a colony of renal hypertensive dogs in our laboratories. The results were excellent and the operative time and difficulties were reduced. Submitted on February 14, 1963