gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Properties of BaTiO3-Based Ceramics under High Electric Field (2002)

The dielectric properties under a high electric field (ac-field) of BaTiO3-based ceramics with core grains, shell grains and core-shell grains were compared with those of multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) with these three kinds of grains. The MLCCs with the X7R specification had a core-shell structure, and the relative dielectric permittivity (εr) of the dielectric layers in the MLCCs increased with increasing ac-field. Similar behavior was observed in the MLCCs consisting of only cores, indicating that the core predominantly determined the dielectric properties of MLCCs under high ac-fields. The dielectric properties of MLCCs and ceramic plates consisting of only shell grains showed that the shell was the relaxor ferroelectrics. A slight change in the shell composition yielded a large shift of the peak temperature of εr. The shell improved the temperature stability of εr at low temperatures under low ac-fields. In a ceramic plate with relatively large BaTiO3 grains (approximately 3 µm), the maximum εr was observed at a moderate ac-field, which was explained from the electric displacement vs electric field hysteresis curves of ferroelectric BaTiO3. The MLCCs and ceramics plates with fine BaTiO3 grains (0.4 to 0.5 µm) showed similar dielectric behavior to the MLCC with the core-shell structure. The size effect of BaTiO3 played an important role in determining the temperature stability of εr. For future MLCCs with very thin dielectric layers, a microstructure with fine BaTiO3 grains and grain boundary layers of the shell was proposed.
Cognitive Radio Resource Management for QoS Guarantees in Autonomous Femtocell Networks (2010)

Deploying femtocell networks embedded in the Macrocell coverage greatly benefits communication quality in variety manners. However, the lack of schemes to effectively mitigate detractive interference, fully utilize radio resources and provide quality-of-service (QoS) guarantee (in terms of delay) creates challenges to practically facilitate the concept of femtocell. To tackle these challenges to achieve a successful dense femtocell deployment, this paper proposes a cognitive radio resource management (CRRM) scheme which is inspired by the spirit of cognitive radio technology. Instead of the need of a centralized manner, the femtocell with the proposed CRRM can autonomously sense the radio resource usage of the Macrocell so as to mitigate interference. By analytical deriving the effective capacity of the CRRM that specifies the QoS guarantee capability of the system, the optimum sensing period and radio resource allocation are proposed for the CRRM to achieve a fully radio resource utilization while statistically guaranteeing the QoS of the femtocell. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed CRRM outperforms the randomized scheme (without CRRM) in terms of the radio resource utilization efficiency. Simulation results also support the effectiveness on the delay guarantee performance.
A nematode sterol C4α-methyltransferase catalyzes a new methylation reaction responsible for sterol diversity (2019)

Primitive sterol evolution plays an important role in fossil record interpretation and offers potential therapeutic avenues for human disease resulting from nematode infections. Recognizing that C4-methyl stenol products [8(14)-lophenol] can be synthesized in bacteria while C4-methyl stanol products (dinosterol) can be synthesized in dinoflagellates and preserved as sterane biomarkers in ancient sedimentary rock is key to eukaryotic sterol evolution. In this regard, nematodes have been proposed to convert dietary cholesterol to 8(14)-lophenol by a secondary metabolism pathway that could involve sterol C4 methylation analogous to the C2 methylation of hopanoids (radicle-type mechanism) or C24 methylation of sterols (carbocation-type mechanism). Here, we characterized dichotomous cholesterol metabolic pathways in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> that generate 3-oxo sterol intermediates in separate paths to lophanol (4-methyl stanol) and 8(14)-lophenol (4-methyl stenol). We uncovered alternate C3-sterol oxidation and Δ<sup>7</sup> desaturation steps that regulate sterol flux from which branching metabolite networks arise, while lophanol/8(14)-lophenol formation is shown to be dependent on a sterol C4α-methyltransferse (4-SMT) that requires 3-oxo sterol substrates and catalyzes a newly discovered 3-keto-enol tautomerism mechanism linked to <i>S</i>-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation. Alignment-specific substrate-binding domains similarly conserved in 4-SMT and 24-SMT enzymes, despite minimal amino acid sequence identity, suggests divergence from a common, primordial ancestor in the evolution of methyl sterols. The combination of these results provides evolutionary leads to sterol diversity and points to cryptic C4-methyl steroidogenic pathways of targeted convergence that mediate lineage-specific adaptations.-.
Benefits of the Electromechanical Valve Train in Vehicle Operation (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;One of the most promising methods to reduce fuel consumption is to use unthrottled engine operation, where load control occurs by means of variable valve timing with an electromechanical valve train (EMV) system. This method allows for a reduction in fuel consumption while operating under a stoichiometric air-fuel-ratio and preserves the ability to use conventional exhaust gas aftertreatment technology with a 3-way-catalyst.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Compared with an engine with a camshaft-driven valve train, the variable valve timing concept makes possible an additional optimization of cold start, warm-up and transient operation. In contrast with the conventionally throttled engine, optimized control of load and in-cylinder gas movement is made possible from the start of the first cycle. A load control strategy using a “Late Intake Valve Open” (LIO) provides a reduction in start-up HC emissions of approximately 60%. Due to reduced wall-wetting, the LIO control strategy improves the transition from start to idle. A very low standard deviation of indicated mean effective pressure and very good lean-mixture driveability at low operating temperatures can be achieved with LIO during the early phase of the compression stroke. In concert with this intake approach, “Late Exhaust Valve Open” (LEO) timing during the exhaust stroke leads to exhaust gas afterburning and, thereby, results in high exhaust gas temperatures and low HC emissions. Vehicle investigations have demonstrated an improved accuracy of the air-fuel-ratio during transient operation.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Results in the New European Driving Cycle have confirmed a reduction in fuel consumption of more than 15% while meeting EURO IV emission limits.&lt;/div&gt;
The soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator riociguat reduces fibrogenesis and portal pressure in cirrhotic rats (2018)

In cirrhotic patients, portal hypertension (PHT) deteriorates survival, yet treatment options are limited. A major contributor to increased intrahepatic vasoconstriction in PHT is dysfunctional nitric-oxide signaling. Soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) is the receptor of nitric-oxide and can be stimulated by riociguat. Riociguat is approved for pulmonary hypertension but has not been studied in liver cirrhosis. In this study we assessed the effects of riociguat on PHT and liver fibrosis in cholestatic (bile duct ligation, BDL) and toxic (carbon-tetrachloride, CCl4) rat models. In cirrhotic livers sGC expression was upregulated. In BDL rats, riociguat reduced liver fibrosis and decreased portal pressure without affecting systemic hemodynamics. In an early BDL disease stage, riociguat decreased bile duct proliferation, improved sinusoidal vascular dysfunction and inhibited angiogenesis. In advanced BDL riociguat exhibited anti-inflammatory effects. In CCl4 rats the beneficial effects of riociguat treatment were less pronounced and confined to an early disease stage. Similarly, in patients with cholestatic cirrhosis and PHT nitrates (that induce sGC activity) decreased portal pressure more effectively than in patients with non-cholestatic etiology. We also found an improvement of transaminases in patients with pulmonary hypertension receiving riociguat. Our findings support the clinical development of sGC stimulators in patients with cirrhotic PHT.
Video analysis of patients with blepharospasm and lower face dystonias (2023)

Eye closure rates between 0-60 s and 0-120 s were not statistically different. There is no added benefit of counting the number of eye closures in 2 min, compared to 1 min, in patients with BSP. Sensory trick was reported by 57% of subjects with BSP and 80% of subjects who have blepharospasm and other dystonias of the head. With 100% and 97% concordance, patients' self-reported sensory trick accurately describes the movements that alleviate their dystonic movements.
Frequency-Selective MHz Power Amplifier for Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Generation (2022)

Plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation at atmospheric pressure is a clean and decentralized method for fertilizer production. Among many different plasma discharge types, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) is one of the few that can generate high output of nitrogen compounds at atmospheric conditions for fertilizer usage. Most DBD generators operate at kHz switching frequencies, however, previous research has found that discharge activities occur at the intervals of the greatest voltage slew rate. The finding implies that operating at higher frequencies can lead to more discharge activities and higher plasma generation. This paper presents a MHz Class E power amplifier with frequency selection to generate DBD plasma at two distinct frequencies. The power amplifier achieves a peak efficiency of 91.5% and outputs 600 W at frequencies of 12.4 MHz and 15.5 MHz.
MicroRNA-9 fine tunes dendritic cell function by suppressing negative regulators (2020)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRNA) are emerging as important regulators of immune function due to their fast action and ability to regulate programs of gene expression. Dendritic cell (DC) responses to stimuli involves a rapid transition from steady-state an activated state, leading to numerous phenotypic changes underpinned by changes in gene expression. We have found that microRNA-9 (miR-9) expression is rapidly increased upon LPS stimulation. Pathway analysis on predicted miR-9 targets show a significant enrichment of negative regulators of gene expression. We investigated whether miR-9 promotes DC activation through targeting negative regulators. We found that DCs overexpressing miR-9 showed an increased activation phenotype whereas DCs sequestering miR-9 showed blunted activation. Co-culture of miR-9 sequestering DCs with T cells led to decreased T-cell activation, whereas miR-9 overexpressing DCs promoted T cell activation. Mice immunized with miR-9 overexpressing DCs following injection with B16-OVA melanoma cells displayed decreased tumour volume compared to controls. This work demonstrates that miR-9 promotes the activation and function of DCs, adding to the growing evidence that miRNAs are involved in the regulation of immune responses.
Ultrastructure, Growth, and Adherence of Streptococcus mutans after Treatment with Chlorhexidine and Fluoride (1988)

Ultrastructure, growth, and adherence to hydroxyapatite of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 27351 was studied after treating bacterial suspensions for 1 h with 0.1% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX), 0.1% sodium fluoride (F), or a combination of these two (CHX + F). Cells treated with 0.1 M phosphate-buffered saline were used as controls. Electron microscopy revealed that the treatment with CHX or CHX + F caused disruption of streptococcal cells with vacuolization and sloughing and leakage of cytoplasmic constituents. The F-treated specimens appeared the same as the controls, where the ultrastructure was mostly normal. In the adherence assay, radiolabelled bacteria attached themselves in 77.9% to hydroxyapatite in the control series. Treatment with F reduced the adsorption to 63.7%, and treatment with CHX and CHX + F to 57.4 and 43.4%, respectively. The reduction in CHX and CHX + F series when compared with the controls was statistically highly significant. The synergistic effect of CHX and F was further verified in minimum inhibitory concentration titrations where total inhibition was observed at 0.5% F and 0.1% CHX, respectively, while CHX + F inhibited growth at 0.05%. Thus, F does not interfere with the toxic effect of CHX on S. mutans cells, but, on the contrary, the two chemicals seem to exert a synergistic mode of action.
CONVENIENT SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO MONO-OR DIALKYL PHOSPHATE FROM INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS ACIDS (1991)

Abstract Mono- or dialkyl phosphate was synthesized in a favorable yield by oxidation of phosphonic or phosphinic acid in alcohol with oxygen at the presence of a catalytic amount of copper (II) chloride. The reaction may proceed via the formation of corresponding phosphorochloridate or phosphorochloridite.
Starches of Oryza sativa L. japonica and Oryza sativa L. indica (1954)

The amyopection separated from rice starch (Nôrin No. 59) showed no increase in Brabender Unit at both heating and cooling curves, while that of amylose separated from the same starch showed the marked viscosity increase in cooling curve, and from these, results and the- pre-vious observations (This Journal: 28, 38_??_43 (1954), it was confirmed that the sum of the end straight glucosidic chain length of amylopectin and that length of amylose contained in starch separated from rice belonging to Oryza sativa L. indica is greater than the sum of starch of Oryza sativa L. japonica. The author had speculated in the previous report that the starch separated from Rikuu No. 132 rice, predominantly cultured in Northern Japan, consisted of the amylo-pectin which had longer end straight glucosidic chain length than the other non-glutinous type rice starch cultured in Japan, but this amylopectin; prepared by the SCHOCH's method, did not show the special behaviour against the iodine reaction, the amylogram, and the determination of end group with periodate oxidation. The author now is carrying a research on whether this amylopectin which is a polysaccaride of intermediate type between the normal amylose and amylopectin is present or not and also on the.moderate method for the separation of it. In some rice starch, the ratio of amylose to amylopectin attained to 1/1 while the blue value of the amylose of these starch was lower than this value of the amylose prepared from starch which had this ratio below 1/1.
Texture development during cold rolling of unidirectionally solidified Al–Al3Ni alloy (2002)

Abstract Texture development during cold rolling of a unidirectionally solidified Al–Al3Ni alloy was investigated with emphasis on initial orientation, grain structure and the shape of second-phase dispersions. The shape of the Al3Ni second-phase dispersions was variously modified by heat treatment. The starting materials were cold rolled to 90% reduction in two directions parallel (L-rolling) and perpendicular (T-rolling) to the casting direction. Depending on the initial orientation and grain structure against the rolling direction, different types of rolling textures were developed in the L- and T-rolled materials, respectively. Also, the intensity of the rolling textures in both the L- and T-rolled materials strongly depended on the shape of the Al3Ni dispersions. The observed rolling textures are discussed in association with the deformation zones formed around the Al3Ni dispersions.
QCCC 2022 Keynote Talk: Hybrid Quantum / Classical Algorithms for Machine Learning (2022)

In this talk I will provide a new approach to quantum machine learning that involves using classical machine learning to learn a representation for a dataset that can be embedded in a quantum computer. We will then consider applying this strategy to train a generative model for groundstates of chemistry Hamiltonians that will allow us to predict groundstates given data through a classically learnt representation that converts nuclear positions into weights for a quantum neural network that generates the state. This work shows that quantum / classical Hybrid methods can be a powerful way to learn how to generate groundstates and potentially even give a cheaper alternative to approximate groundstate preparation than phase estimation provides in some settings.
Rapid heterogeneous ad hoc connection establishment: accelerating Bluetooth inquiry using IrDA (2003)

Bluetooth device discovery is a time-intensive phase of the Bluetooth connection-establishment procedure. In this paper we propose a technique that integrates existing IrDA technology with Bluetooth technology to improve the ad hoc connection establishment time of Bluetooth devices. We accomplish this improvement by first establishing an IrDA connection between two devices equipped with both Bluetooth and IrDA capabilities and then exchanging Bluetooth device discovery information via the established IrDA connection. As a result of this cooperative exchange, the devices are able to bypass the time-intensive Bluetooth device discovery procedure. Our research shows that IrDA-assisted Bluetooth connection establishment is up to four times faster than the normal ad hoc Bluetooth connection establishment procedure. In addition, it provides other time-savings in subsequent device selection procedures.
Exosomal microRNA miR-1246 induces cell motility and invasion through the regulation of DENND2D in oral squamous cell carcinoma (2016)

Metastasis is associated with poor prognosis in cancers. Exosomes, which are packed with RNA and proteins and are released in all biological fluids, are emerging as an important mediator of intercellular communication. However, the function of exosomes remains poorly understood in cancer metastasis. Here, we demonstrate that exosomes isolated by size-exclusion chromatography from a highly metastatic human oral cancer cell line, HOC313-LM, induced cell growth through the activation of ERK and AKT as well as promoted cell motility of the poorly metastatic cancer cell line HOC313-P. MicroRNA (miRNA) array analysis identified two oncogenic miRNAs, miR-342-3p and miR-1246, that were highly expressed in exosomes. These miRNAs were transferred to poorly metastatic cells by exosomes, which resulted in increased cell motility and invasive ability. Moreover, miR-1246 increased cell motility by directly targeting DENN/MADD Domain Containing 2D (DENND2D). Taken together, our findings support the metastatic role of exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, which highlights their potential for applications in miRNA-based therapeutics.
The Isolation and Characterization of Murine Macrophages (2008)

Macrophages are mononuclear phagocytes that are widely distributed throughout the body. These cells can contribute to development and homeostasis and participate in innate and adaptive immune responses. The physiology of macrophages can vary tremendously depending on the environment in which they reside and the local stimuli to which they are exposed. Macrophages are prodigious secretory cells, and in that role can promote and regulate immune responses and contribute to autoimmune pathologies. Macrophages are highly phagocytic, and in this capacity have long been considered to be essential immune effector cells. The important roles of macrophages in maintaining homeostasis and in contributing to tissue remodeling and wound healing is sometimes overlooked because of their vital role in host defense.
An 18-Year Follow-up Study of Chronic Gastritis and Helicobacter pylori: Association of CagA Positivity with Development of Atrophy and Activity of Gastritis (1999)

The CagA-positive strains of H. pylori enhance the development of atrophic gastritis compared with CagA-negative strains.
A Swarm Intelligence Method Combined to Evolutionary Game Theory Applied to the Resources Allocation Problem (2012)

This paper addresses an allocation problem and proposes a solution using a swarm intelligence method. The application of swarm intelligence has to be discrete. This allocation problem can be modelled as a multi-objective optimization problem where the authors minimize the time and the distance of the total travel in a logistic context. This study uses a hybrid Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (DPSO) method combined to Evolutionary Game Theory (EGT). One of the main implementation issues of DPSO is the choice of inertial, individual, and social coefficients. In order to resolve this problem, those coefficients are optimised by using a dynamical approach based on EGT. The strategies are either to keep going with only inertia, only with individual, or only with social coefficients. Since the optimal strategy is usually a mixture of the three, the fitness of the swarm can be maximized when an optimal rate for each coefficient is obtained. Evolutionary game theory studies the behaviour of large populations of agents who repeatedly engage in strategic interactions. Changes in behaviour in these populations are driven by natural selection via differences in birth and death rates. To test this algorithm, the authors create a problem whose solution is already known. This study checks whether this adapted DPSO method succeeds in providing an optimal solution for general allocation problems.
Multi-Agent Systems Engineering (2011)

This chapter provides an overview of the Multi-agent Systems Engineering (MaSE) methodology for analyzing and designing multi-agent systems. MaSE consists of two main phases that result in the creation of a set of complementary models that get successively closer to implementation. MaSE has been used to design systems ranging from a heterogeneous database integration system to a biologically based, computer virus-immune system to cooperative robotics systems. The authors also provide a case study of an actual system developed using MaSE in an effort to help demonstrate the practical aspects of developing systems using MaSE. Architecture (MDA) and Extended Markup Language (XML). The methodology is aimed at the creation of distributed socio-technical systems consisting of both humans and technical, including software, components that may, in turn, include software agents.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Fast parallel image processing for robot vision for the purpose of extracting information about objects (2005)

In order to realize robust real-time 3-D object recognition and object location and orientation estimation, a 2-D image is partitioned into small square windows which are processed in parallel. It is assumed that a 3-D object can be approximated by chunks of planes, spheres, and cylinders and that one such surface type is seen within a small window. Our solutions are largely for matte surfaces (i.e. diffusely reflecting); we do touch on specular (i.e, mirror) surfaces. Two kinds of results have been obtained in this work. For the purpose of 3-D object type recognition, a simple 2-D polynomial approximation is made to the image data in a window. Based on the relationships between polynomial coefficients and 3-D surface shape-types, a reliable decision can be made as to whether the object surface seen is that of a plane, a cylinder or sphere. In addition to providing the appropriate observables for surface-type recognition, these polynomial fits act as remarkably effective nonlinear lowpass filters.