gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
POVERTY PREDICTION USING MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH (2022)

The incidence of poverty is not a taboo topic. In fact, it happens in every country worldwide where the policymakers and governments struggle to reduce their country’s poverty rate. However, the existing ways of finding the right targeted impoverished group to provide economic aid are often flawed because of multiple issues such as data transparency and incorrect, redundant, or imbalanced data. Even though there are solutions available for the problems, some of them are expensive and require a lot of human intervention efforts. Thus, there is an alternative solution to use machine learning approach to forecasting and providing cost efficiency and effective solution to address poverty issues. This research utilizes machine learning model which comprises several pre-processing techniques for data cleaning, feature engineering and then followed by three different regression methods for predictive analytics. The proposed machine learning model is evaluated using Costa Rican household poverty dataset and the experimental results indicate that out of three different regression models used, Random Forest Regressor has the best result in terms of R2 and RMSE score which are 0.9462 well-fitted and 0.2591 error rate, respectively. Moreover, we analyzed the importance of individual features for poverty prediction using SHAP value based on summary plot analysis.
Characterization of Glycosynthase Mutants Derived from Glycoside Hydrolase Family 10 Xylanases (2006)

Four xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 10-Thermotoga maritima XylB (TM), Clostridium stercorarium XynB (CS), Bacillus halodurans XynA (BH), and Cellulomonas fimi Cex (CF)-were converted to glycosynthases by substituting the nucleophilic glutamic acid residues with glycine, alanine, and serine. The glycine mutants exhibited the highest levels of glycosynthase activity with all four enzymes. All the glycine mutants formed polymeric beta-1,4-linked xylopyranose as a precipitate during reaction with alpha-xylobiosyl fluoride. Two glycine mutants (TM and CF) recognized X(2) as an effective acceptor molecule to prohibit the formation of the polymer, while the other two (CS and BH) did not. The difference in acceptor specificity is considered to reflect the difference in substrate affinity at their +2 subsites. The results agreed with the structural predictions of the subsite, where TM and CF exhibit high affinity at subsite 2, suggesting that the glycosynthase technique is useful for investigating the affinity of +subsites.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Bacterial genome size reduction by experimental evolution. (2005)

Bacterial evolution toward endosymbiosis with eukaryotic cells is associated with extensive bacterial genome reduction and loss of metabolic and regulatory capabilities. Here we examined the rate and process of genome reduction in the bacterium Salmonella enterica by a serial passage experimental evolution procedure. The initial rate of DNA loss was estimated to be 0.05 bp per chromosome per generation for a WT bacterium and approximately 50-fold higher for a mutS mutant defective in methyl-directed DNA mismatch repair. The endpoints were identified for seven chromosomal deletions isolated during serial passage and in two separate genetic selections. Deletions ranged in size from 1 to 202 kb, and most of them were not associated with DNA repeats, indicating that they were formed via RecA-independent recombination events. These results suggest that extensive genome reduction can occur on a short evolutionary time scale and that RecA-dependent homologous recombination only plays a limited role in this process of jettisoning superfluous DNA. PMID: 16099836
Viral Sequence Evolution in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2007)

CD8(+)-T-cell responses play an important role in the containment and clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and an association between viral persistence and development of viral escape mutations has been postulated. While escape from CD8+ -T-cell responses has been identified as a major driving force for the evolution of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), a broader characterization of this relationship is needed in HCV infection. To determine the extent, kinetics, and driving forces of HCV sequence evolution, we sequenced the entire HCV genome longitudinally in four subjects monitored for up to 30 months after acute infection. For two subjects the transmission sources were also available. Of 53 total non-envelope amino acid substitutions detected, a majority represented forward mutations away from the consensus sequence. In contrast to studies in HIV and SIV, however, only 11% of these were associated with detectable CD8+ T-cell responses. Interestingly, 19% of non-envelope mutations represented changes toward the consensus sequence, suggesting reversion in the absence of immune pressure upon transmission. Notably, the rate of evolution of forward and reverse mutations correlated with the conservation of each residue, which is indicative of structural constraints influencing the kinetics of viral evolution. Finally, the rate of sequence evolution was observed to decline over the course of infection, possibly reflective of diminishing selection pressure by dysfunctional CD8+ T cells. Taken together, these data provide insight into the extent to which HCV is capable of evading early CD8+ T-cell responses and support the hypothesis that dysfunction of CD8+ T cells may be associated with failure to resolve HCV infections.
Congenital mitral valve regurgitation in adult patients. A rare, often misdiagnosed but repairable, valve disease (2008)

Congenital MVR is rare in adults, often misdiagnosed and accessible to valve repair with excellent mid-term results.
Enhanced spin–orbit torques by oxygen incorporation in tungsten films (2016)

The origin of spin-orbit torques, which are generated by the conversion of charge-to-spin currents in non-magnetic materials, is of considerable debate. One of the most interesting materials is tungsten, for which large spin-orbit torques have been found in thin films that are stabilized in the A15 (β-phase) structure. Here we report large spin Hall angles of up to approximately -0.5 by incorporating oxygen into tungsten. While the incorporation of oxygen into the tungsten films leads to significant changes in their microstructure and electrical resistivity, the large spin Hall angles measured are found to be remarkably insensitive to the oxygen-doping level (12-44%). The invariance of the spin Hall angle for higher oxygen concentrations with the bulk properties of the films suggests that the spin-orbit torques in this system may originate dominantly from the interface rather than from the interior of the films.
Expand the Honors Curriculum: Teach Entrepreneurship, Risk-Taking, and Change Across the Curriculum (2005)

Having students apply what they study and learn is a principal goal of all educators. This article describes a course, “Entrepreneurship, Leadership, and Team Building: Identifying and Applying Best Practices,” that was developed and taught in each of the last two years for a University Honors Program. Students not only learned but applied this learning as they effected minor and major change on campus. In addition, this article provides background information relevant to professors interested in offering a similar course and shares projects, outcomes, and a full-course structure.
Nerve collagens from diabetic and nondiabetic Sprague–Dawley and biobreeding rats: an atomic force microscopy study (2003)

The best means we have found to reduce raw AFM data is to measure several diameters with a single scan, using valley-to-valley measurements. Structural, fibrillar collagens of the nerve and tendon become larger in rats exposed to prolonged diabetes.
Polyurethane/Polyolefin Blends: Morphology, Compatibilization and Mechanical Properties (2006)

The objective of this article is to review progress in the study and development of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/polyolefin (PO) blends, a series of thermoplastic elastomers having the advantage of easy regulation of mechanical properties within a wide range. Important aspects including coalescence behaviour, compatibilizer species and compatilization mechanisms are discussed. The effects of interfacial interactions, surface free energy of the blend components, viscoelasticity and concentration of the dispersed phase, and mixing conditions are summarized and analyzed. Emphasis is placed on recent trends to produce stable TPU/PO blends with specific properties that are not available in either the single component of the blends or other polymers.
Some fundamental aspects of process-parameter estimation (1963)

The purpose of this paper is to give a coherent picture of the process-parameter estimation. It offers a philosophy by introducing a "generalized model." From this, two classes of schemes can be derived. In each class there is quite some freedom with respect to the choice of elements of the scheme, the choice of the error criterion, and the choice of signal representation (continuous, sampled, quantized, etc.). These choices account for a whole range of estimating systems. The dynamic properties of many of these systems can be studied by the approach presented in this paper. The extension to estimation of nonlinear processes is also discussed.
Cholesterol and Lithium Levels Were Correlated but Serum HDL and Total Cholesterol Levels Were Not Associated With Current Mood State in Bipolar Patients (2005)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.Sir: In patients with bipolar I disorder, low total serum cholesterol levels have been reported during full remission and manic and depressive episodes.1,2 Several cohort studies3-5 assessed the relationship between plasma cholesterol level and depressive symptoms with contradictory results. Studies6,7 focusing on depressive patients have been more consistent in reporting an association between low total serum cholesterol and major depressive disorder.†‹
An Alkyllithium Compound with a Free Planar Carbanion. The Crystal Structure of [Li(THF)4][C(SiMe2C6H4Me-o)3] (1997)

The title compound, 1, has been made by an improved method involving treatment of (o-MeC6H4Me2Si)3CH with LiBu in the presence of tetramethylethylenediamine in a hexane−heptane mixture at room temperature followed by crystallization of the product from a mixture of heptane and tetrahydrofuran (THF). In contrast to solid Li{C(SiMe2Ph)3}(THF), which has a molecular structure with a C−Li bond and a Ph−Li interaction, 1 contains a discrete planar carbanion with no such interaction.
Chains composed of nanosize metal particles and identifying the factors driving their formation (1997)

In an attempt to identify the driving force for the formation of chains composed of nanometer size Fe alloy particles that were recently reported, experiments have been carried out with the magnetic metals Fe, Co, and Ni and a nonmagnetic metal Cu. The samples obtained by a reduction of aqueous metal chloride solutions with potassium borohydride have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and superconducting quantum interference device magnetometer measurements. The results reveal that the magnetic interaction between the adjacent particles plays a determining role in the chain structure formation. Although both crystallinity and boron content do not play a direct role, they influence significantly the magnetic properties, and thereby have an indirect role in the formation of the chain structures.
Organic field-effect transistors: predictive control on performance parameters (2013)

We report the fabrication and characterization of poly(N-methylpyrrole) nanowires electrode junction based back-gated field-effect transistors under varying dopant atmosphere. Influences of the anionic radius of dopants on electrochemical, morphological, spectroscopic and electrical characteristics of synthesized nanowires have been investigated. The FET measurements have revealed highly efficient gate induced modulation of the channel conduction behaviour for all dopant cases and characteristic FET parameters have been estimated. The best observed device in terms of charge carrier mobility (µ) = 4.54 × 10 −4 cm 2 V −1 s −1 and on-off ratio (Ion/Ioff ) = 8.5 × 10 3 could be characterized with NaOH as dopant. Observed behaviour of the FET devices has been rationally related to the anionic radius of dopants. Plausible interpretation reflects that dopant dimension can be a significant and facile tool for optimized designing of polymeric FETs. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Image coding using wavelets based on perfect reconstruction IIR filter banks (1996)

This paper re-examines modulated polyphase filter banks which use reverse-time subfilters to achieve perfect reconstruction and studies their performance for image coding when used to form a wavelet decomposition. To code the wavelet coefficients, we use the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) algorithm developed by Shapiro (1993) which is reasonably simple and yet achieves very good rate-distortion performance. The problem of eliminating filter transients is thoroughly studied and optimal results are derived in both the absence and presence of subband coefficient quantization. Using this analysis as a starting point, we develop a new method of coding the filter states (required to eliminate edge transients) for transmission to the receiver which efficiently exploits interscale redundancy and is easily incorporated into the zerotree algorithm. Comparing this direct transmission method to circular convolution, we find that it achieves superior rate-distortion performance in a wide range of cases. Coding comparisons between two infinite impulse response (IIR) wavelets and a number of biorthogonal wavelets are presented. These comparisons indicate that the performance of the polyphase allpass wavelet is comparable to that of the best finite impulse response (FIR) biorthogonal wavelets with considerably reduced computational complexity.
RADIOSENSITIVITY AND RECOVERY POTENTIAL OF HUMAN BLOOD-FORMING TISSUES: COMPARISON OF MALIGNANT AND NONMALIGNANT STATES. (1970)

+ [delta] + [epsilon] and polymerase [beta] both recovered after heating but polymerase [beta] was faster and was complete in U373MG but not in the U87MG cell lines after 48 h incubation after heating (45[degrees]C, 60 min). Incubation, between hyperthermia and irradiation resulted in a loss of radiosensitization and a loss of inhibition of repair of potentially lethal damage. These changes correlated well with recovery of polymerase [beta] but not with polymerase [alpha] + [delta] + [epsilon]. The correlation of polymerase [beta] activity and thermoradiosensitization and its recovery indicate that polymerase [beta] may be one of the mechanisms involved in thermoradiosensitization. 35 refs., 7 figs.
Extended Release of Highly Water Soluble Isoniazid Attained through Cocrystallization with Curcumin (2020)

The aim of this study was to design and evaluate a cocrystal capable of releasing a highly water soluble drug, isoniazid (INH), over a period of longer than several hours by forming a cocrystal with curcumin (CUR). The 2:1 INH-CUR cocrystal can not only lower the dissolution rate of INH but also exhibit potential therapeutic synergy. A phase-pure INH-CUR cocrystal was obtained by rapid solvent removal above a threshold evaporation rate. The formation of an INH-CUR cocrystal was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and the construction of a temperature–composition phase diagram with differential scanning calorimetry. The pharmaceutical properties of the INH-CUR cocrystal, including hygroscopicity, stability, and dissolution performance, were compared to those of INH and CUR. Extended release of INH from the cocrystal was observed in both pH 1.2 and 6.8 buffers, while their release patterns behaved differently. The dissolution kinetics of INH-CUR cocrystal followed Fickian diffusion and was controlled by the cocrystal solubility and the mode of CUR recrystallization. At pH 1.2, a significant amount of CUR form III precipitated and recrystallized onto the surface of undissolved cocrystals after 4 h and thus substantially inhibited the INH release from cocrystals thereafter. On the other hand, ∼90% of INH was released linearly at pH 6.8 in the first 18 h, and complete release of INH was attained at 24 h. This work demonstrated that cocrystallization is a promising formulation strategy for achieving up to 48 h of drug release without using polymers.
Novel two-phase oxidative cross-coupling of the two-component molecular crystal of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine (1997)

Two-phase reaction of a two-component molecular crystal of 2-naphthol and 2-naphthylamine suspended in aqueous Fe 3+ solutions gives a cross-coupling product, 2-amino-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthalene, with good selectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of α‐Substituted Styrene Derivatives ( I), (III). (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of Imidazo(1,2‐a)(1,8) naphthyridines. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Clinical Course and Long-Term Management of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (1990)

Evidence suggests that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has a fairly chronic course marked by significant long-term distress and comorbidity. Research has focused on short-term treatment of GAD, and long-term outcome studies after either short- or long-term treatment have been relatively neglected. The authors discuss the benefits and risks of various drug and nondrug therapies used in the long-term management of generalized anxiety disorder and suggest avenues for future research.
Biologic sequelae of nuclear factor–κB blockade in multiple myeloma: therapeutic applications (2002)

The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) confers significant survival potential in a variety of tumors. Several established or novel anti-multiple myeloma (anti-MM) agents, such as dexamethasone, thalidomide, and proteasome inhibitors (PS-341), inhibit NF-kappaB activity as part of their diverse actions. However, studies to date have not delineated the effects of specific inhibition of NF-kappaB activity in MM. We therefore investigated the effect of SN50, a cell-permeable specific inhibitor of NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and activity, on MM cells. SN50 induced apoptosis in MM cell lines and patient cells; down-regulated expression of Bcl-2, A1, X-chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP), cellular inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein 1 (cIAP-1), cIAP-2, and survivin; up-regulated Bax; increased mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm; and activated caspase-9 and caspase-3, but not caspase-8. We have previously demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is present locally in the bone marrow microenvironment and induces NF-kappaB-dependent up-regulation of adhesion molecules on both MM cells and bone marrow stromal cells, with resultant increased adhesion. In this study, TNF-alpha alone induced NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 up-regulation, and MM cell proliferation; in contrast, SN50 pretreatment sensitized MM cells to TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis and cleavage of caspase-8 and caspase-3, similar to our previous finding of SN50-induced sensitization to apoptosis induced by the TNF-alpha family member TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)/Apo2L. Moreover, SN50 inhibited TNF-alpha-induced expression of another NF-kappaB target gene, intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Although the p38 inhibitor PD169316 did not directly kill MM cells, it potentiated the apoptotic effect of SN50, suggesting an interaction between the p38 and NF-kappaB pathways. Our results therefore demonstrate that NF-kappaB activity in MM cells promotes tumor-cell survival and protects against apoptotic stimuli. These studies provide the framework for targeting NF-kappaB activity in novel biologically based therapies for MM.
Utility of 15(S)-HETE as a Serological Marker for Eosinophilic Esophagitis (2018)

The pathogenesis of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) involves Th2-mediated eosinophil recruitment and degranulation into the esophagus. However, measuring serum Th2 cytokines, eosinophils, and eosinophil-derived products does not reliably distinguish EoE from control populations. Non-invasive methods to diagnose EoE are lacking. We evaluated the diagnostic value of a novel candidate biomarker of EoE: 15(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE). We used immunoassay to measure 15(S)-HETE and cytokine profiles in patients undergoing endoscopy with known or suspected EoE. 31 subjects were enrolled, 16 with EoE, and 15 with an alternate diagnosis. 15(S)-HETE was elevated in the EoE group compared to non-EoE group. The sensitivity and specificity of 15(S)-HETE to be used as a non-invasive marker is 50% and 80%, respectively. 15(S)-HETE may aid in the diagnosis of EoE.
Developing the Raster Big Data Benchmark: A Comparison of Raster Analysis on Big Data Platforms (2020)

Technologies around the world produce and interact with geospatial data instantaneously, from mobile web applications to satellite imagery that is collected and processed across the globe daily. Big raster data allow researchers to integrate and uncover new knowledge about geospatial patterns and processes. However, we are at a critical moment, as we have an ever-growing number of big data platforms that are being co-opted to support spatial analysis. A gap in the literature is the lack of a robust assessment comparing the efficiency of raster data analysis on big data platforms. This research begins to address this issue by establishing a raster data benchmark that employs freely accessible datasets to provide a comprehensive performance evaluation and comparison of raster operations on big data platforms. The benchmark is critical for evaluating the performance of spatial operations on big data platforms. The benchmarking datasets and operations are applied to three big data platforms. We report computing times and performance bottlenecks so that GIScientists can make informed choices regarding the performance of each platform. Each platform is evaluated for five raster operations: pixel count, reclassification, raster add, focal averaging, and zonal statistics using three raster different datasets.