gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Small-animal model to measure efficacy and immunogenicity of Shigella vaccine strains (1991)

The development of a small-animal model to test the protective efficacy and immunogenicity of a vaccine strain against shigellosis would greatly facilitate the evaluation of potential vaccine candidates. In guinea pigs, the ability of shigellae to invade and multiply within the corneal epithelium, causing keratoconjunctivitis, closely mimics the invasion process in the intestinal epithelium (B. Sereny, Acta Microbiol. Acad. Sci. Hung. 4:367-376, 1957). The serum response of animals recovering from a Shigella keratoconjunctival infection was determined and found to be consistent with that shown by convalescent humans and primates. This model was used to test the efficacy of two vaccine candidates, and the immune response of the guinea pigs to the vaccine strains was examined. Both vaccine strains demonstrated significant protection against challenge by homologous virulent Shigella strains, and the results were comparable with results obtained in trials with monkeys. The guinea pig model also provides a rapid and inexpensive means of evaluating different immunization regimens as well as of testing other variables such as length of protection against disease.
Length-of-Stay Prediction for Pediatric Patients With Respiratory Diseases Using Decision Tree Methods (2020)

Accurate prediction of a patient's length-of-stay (LOS) in the hospital enables an efficient and effective management of hospital beds. This paper studies LOS prediction for pediatric patients with respiratory diseases using three decision tree methods: Bagging, Adaboost, and Random forest. A data set of 11,206 records retrieved from the hospital information system is used for analysis after preprocessing and transformation through a computation and an expansion method. Two tests, namely bisection test and periodic test, are designed to assess the performance of the prediction methods. Bagging shows the best result on the bisection test (0.296 RMSE, 0.831 R<sup>2</sup>, and 0.723 Acc ± 1) for the testing set of the whole data test. The performances of the three methods are similar on the periodic test, whereas Adaboost performs slightly better than the other two methods. Results indicate that the three methods are all effective for the LOS prediction. This study also investigates the importance of different data fields to the LOS prediction, and finds that hospital treatment-related data fields contribute more to the LOS prediction than other categories of fields.
Low power RF design for sensor networks (2005)

The design of RF circuits for short-range, low-power wireless communication is discussed. A derivation of optimum link range and transceiver power budget is presented based on simple models for indoor path loss and power vs. performance tradeoffs in a generic transceiver. Design techniques aimed at efficiently reaching these parameters are discussed for individual circuit blocks. Finally, some published transceivers are discussed with respect to the optimization and design techniques presented.
Thermal Conductivity of Composite Materials Containing Copper Nanowires (2016)

The development of thermal conductive polymer composite is necessary for the application in thermal management. In this paper, the experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted to determine the effect of copper nanowires (CuNWs) and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) on the thermal conductivity of dimethicone nanocomposites. The CuNWs and CuNPs were prepared by using a liquid phase reduction method, and they were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The experimental data show that the thermal conductivity of composites increases with the increase of filler. With the addition of 10 vol.% CuNWs, the thermal conductivity of the composite is 0.41 W/m/K. The normalized thermal conductivity enhancement factor is 2.73, much higher than that of the analogue containing CuNPs (1.67). These experimental data are in agreement with Nan’s model prediction. Due to the high aspect ratio of 1D CuNWs, they can construct thermal networks more effectively than CuNPs in the composite, resulting in higher thermal conductivity.
A Multilingual Topic Model for Learning Weighted Topic Links Across Corpora with Low Comparability (2019)

Weiwei Yang, Jordan Boyd-Graber, Philip Resnik. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing and the 9th International Joint Conference on Natural Language Processing (EMNLP-IJCNLP). 2019.
New Opportunities for PV Optics Using Quantum Dots, Nanowires, and Photonic Crystals (2013)

Metal and dielectric nanostructures have shown great potential to improve photovoltaic efficiencies. Here, I present an alternative approach using quantum dots, nanowires, and photonic crystals as optical components with superior scattering, trapping, and concentrating abilities.
De l'origine de la cruauté (2009)

Survivre dans un avenir imprevisible : quelques consequences malheureuses de la generation de la diversite, et la Civilisation comme remede
Controlling the optical properties of boron subphthalocyanines and their analogues (2020)

This review summarizes how optical properties of cone-shaped subphthalocyanine chromophores can be tuned by substituents at axial and peripheral positions.
Development of Bioactive Foldamers Using Ribosomally Synthesized Nonstandard Peptide Libraries (2020)

Abstract Genetic code manipulation enables the ribosomal synthesis of peptide libraries bearing diverse nonproteinogenic amino acids, which can be applied to the discovery of bioactive peptides in combination with screening methodologies, such as mRNA display. Despite a tremendous number of successes in incorporation of l-α-amino acids with non-proteinogenic sidechains and N-methyl-l-α-amino acids into nascent peptide chains, d-, β-, and γ-amino acids have suffered from low translation efficiency. This obstacle has been hindering their integration into such peptide libraries. However, the use of engineered tRNAs, which can effectively recruit EF-Tu or/and EF-P, has recently made possible significant improvement of their incorporation efficiency into nascent peptides. This article comprehensively summarizes advances in such methodology and applications to the discovery of peptide ligands against target proteins of interest.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic McMurry Coupling: Olefins from Keto Compounds (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Drospirenone, a progestin with a unique cardiovascular profile, for safe contraception and treatment of menopausal symptoms (2005)

In the early days of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), it was believed that a woman could maintain her femininity and health almost eternally by using HT, and much optimism was later supported b...
Impact of Adjustment of the Static Working Point on the 1/f Noise in a Negative Feedback GMI Magnetic Sensor (2019)

The resolution of giant magneto-impedance (GMI)based magnetic sensor is limited by its equivalent magnetic noise level. It presents a white noise and a low-frequency 1/f noise behavior. Previous works have showed that the white noise is mainly determined by the electronic conditioning noise, nevertheless, the 1/f noise's origin is not totally clear yet. To optimize the 1/f noise, in this paper, first, we develop an optimized negative feedback GMI sensor. It contains of a low-distortion oscillator, a high-performance amplitude detector, and a GMI sensing element with adjustable static working point. And then, the sensitivity and the 1/f noise level of the GMI sensor are studied when considering the electronic conditioning parameters and the static working point. The experiment results show that the adjustment of the static working point has a significant effect on the 1/f noise at low frequencies. The optimal 1/f noise is obtained by setting the static working point at the position where the GMI element possesses with the maximum intrinsic sensitivity. Finally, we achieve the GMI sensor noise performance of 20 pT/√Hz at white noise region and 100 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz.
Antimicrobial treatment of nosocomial meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia: current and future options (2010)

Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a frequent cause of nosocomial pneumonia. Inadequate or inappropriate antimicrobial therapy, often caused by antimicrobial resistance, is associated with increased mortality for these infections. Agents currently recommended for the treatment of MRSA pneumonia include vancomycin and linezolid in the USA, and vancomycin, linezolid, teicoplanin and quinupristin/dalfopristin in Europe. Antimicrobials such as tigecycline and daptomycin, although approved for the treatment of some MRSA infections, have not demonstrated efficacy equivalent to the approved agents for MRSA pneumonia. Further agents lack data from randomised controlled trials (e.g. fosfomycin, fusidic acid or rifampicin in combination with vancomycin). Antimicrobial agents that have recently been approved or are being investigated as treatments for MRSA infections include the lipoglycopeptides telavancin (approved for the treatment of complicated skin and skin-structure infections in the USA and Canada), dalbavancin and oritavancin, the cephalosporins ceftobiprole and ceftaroline, and the dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor iclaprim. To be an effective treatment for MRSA pneumonia, antimicrobial agents must have activity against antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus, penetrate well into the lung, have a low potential for resistance development and have a good safety profile. Here, the available data for current and potential future MRSA pneumonia antimicrobials are reviewed and discussed.
Structure-phase changes during two-stage aging Al-Zn-Mg-Cu System’s high-strength alloys (2014)

Special features of microstructure and phase composition of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu commercial aluminum alloys subjected to staged aging and combined thermomechanical and heat treatments are studied by electron microscopy.
1 Introduction (2006)

Abstract This chapter sets out the structure and method of this book. Will, evil, and predestination are all problems which have a history, and whose history is relevant to Augustine’s On Free Choice of the Will. This book adopts a rather parsimonious approach to these contexts by focusing upon On Free Choice itself. Rather than attempting to map Augustine’s text onto a contemporary account of these concepts or locating it in an overarching narrative of their development, this book is an enquiry into the way Augustine uses such terms and ideas in the context of this particular text. A related methodological minimalism consists in the leaving out of detailed references to Augustine’s relationship to other historical figures and movements (Manichaeanism, Stoicism, Neoplatonism).
Graphene Oxide as a Mediator in Organic Synthesis: a Mechanistic Focus (2020)

Abstract Graphene oxide (GO) is experiencing growing interest by synthetic organic chemists as a promoter of chemical transformations. The synergistic role of the multiple functionalities featuring the nanostructured carbon materials and their π‐domains enables the interplay of specific activation modes towards organic compounds that can explore unprecedented chemical modifications. A detailed comprehension of the mechanistic details that govern the transformations guided by GO is a not fully solved task in the field. In this direction, more sophisticated and diversified techniques are employed, providing insights towards intriguing activation modes exerted by the π‐matrix and the oxygenated/sulfonate groups decorating the functionalized nano‐carbon material. The present Minireview accounts for a critical survey of the most recent developments in the area of GO‐mediated organic transformations with a specific focus on mechanist aspects.
Degradation-Aware Unfolding Half-Shuffle Transformer for Spectral Compressive Imaging (2022)

In coded aperture snapshot spectral compressive imaging (CASSI) systems, hyperspectral image (HSI) reconstruction methods are employed to recover the spatial-spectral signal from a compressed measurement. Among these algorithms, deep unfolding methods demonstrate promising performance but suffer from two issues. Firstly, they do not estimate the degradation patterns and ill-posedness degree from the highly related CASSI to guide the iterative learning. Secondly, they are mainly CNN-based, showing limitations in capturing long-range dependencies. In this paper, we propose a principled Degradation-Aware Unfolding Framework (DAUF) that estimates parameters from the compressed image and physical mask, and then uses these parameters to control each iteration. Moreover, we customize a novel Half-Shuffle Transformer (HST) that simultaneously captures local contents and non-local dependencies. By plugging HST into DAUF, we establish the first Transformer-based deep unfolding method, Degradation-Aware Unfolding Half-Shuffle Transformer (DAUHST), for HSI reconstruction. Experiments show that DAUHST significantly surpasses state-of-the-art methods while requiring cheaper computational and memory costs. Code and models will be released at https://github.com/caiyuanhao1998/MST
Recovery of Phytophthora ramorum Following Exposure to Temperature Extremes (2008)

We examined the impact of exposure to high and low temperature extremes on recovery of Phytophthora ramorum both as free chlamydospores and within infected rhododendron tissue over a 7-day period. Chlamydospores held in moistened sand were incubated at 30, 35, 40, 0, -10, and -20°C for up to 7 days. Infected Rhododendron 'Cunningham's White' leaf disks held in sandy loam, loam, or sand at two different soil moisture levels also were subjected to these temperatures for up to 7 days, and to a variable temperature regimen for 12 weeks. Recovery was characterized by growth of P. ramorum on selective agar medium following exposures to temperature treatments. Chlamydospores held in moistened sand showed a high rate of recovery at 30°C, steadily declining recovery at 35°C, and no recovery at 40°C over the 7-day period. Chlamydospores were recovered from 0°C after 7 days, with little or no recovery observed at -10 or -20°C. In infected rhododendron tissue, P. ramorum was recovered at 20 and 30°C after 7 days but, at 35°C, the pathogen showed a decline within 2 days and no recovery by 4 days. A 40°C treatment allowed no recovery of P. ramorum from infected tissue after 2 days. For cold treatments, P. ramorum was recovered from infected leaf disks at 0 and -10°C after 7 days. At -20°C, recovery declined rapidly after 1 to 3 days and no recovery was obtained after 4 days. P. ramorum showed nearly 100% recovery from leaf disks subjected to a 12-week variable temperature treatment based on ambient summer temperatures in Lewisburg, TN. The results suggest that P. ramorum is capable of surviving some highly adverse temperature conditions for at least 7 days both as free chlamydospores in sand and within infected host tissue. Thus, P. ramorum present as free chlamydospores or within tissue of infected plants shipped to the eastern United States has the potential to survive some of the adverse conditions encountered in summer and winter in many eastern states.
Anti-CD22-MCC-DM1 and MC-MMAF Conjugates: Impact of Assay Format on Pharmacokinetic Parameters Determination (2008)

CD22 represents a promising target for antibody-drug conjugate therapy in the context of B cell malignancies since it rapidly internalizes, importing specifically bound antibodies with it. To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of anti-CD22-MCC-DM1 and MC-MMAF conjugates, various approaches to quantifying total and conjugated antibody were investigated. Although the total antibody assay formats gave similar results for both conjugates, the mouse pharmacokinetic profile for the anti-CD22-MCC-DM1 and MC-MMAF appeared significantly different depending on the conjugated antibody assay format. Since these differences significantly impacted the PK parameters determination, we investigated the effect of the drug/antibody ratio on the total and conjugated antibody quantification using multiple assay formats. Our investigations revealed the limitations of some assay formats to quantify anti-CD22-MCC-DM1 and MC-MMAF with different drug load and in the context of a heterogeneous ADC population highlight the need to carefully plan the assay strategy for the total and conjugated antibody quantification in order to accurately determine the ADC PK parameters.
K-Ras Activation Induces Differential Sensitivity to Sulfur Amino Acid Limitation and Deprivation and to Oxidative and Anti-Oxidative Stress in Mouse Fibroblasts (2016)

Overall, limitation of sulfur-containing amino acids results in a more dramatic perturbation of the oxido-reductive balance in K-ras-transformed cells compared to NIH3T3 cells. Growth defects induced by cysteine limitation in mouse fibroblasts are largely-though not exclusively-due to cysteine utilization in the synthesis of glutathione, mouse fibroblasts requiring an exogenous cysteine source for protein synthesis. Therapeutic regimens of cancer involving modulation of methionine metabolism could be more effective in cells with limited methionine transport capability.
Peptide display on Potato virus X: molecular features of the coat protein-fused peptide affecting cell-to-cell and phloem movement of chimeric virus particles (2006)

The potexvirus Potato virus X (PVX) can be modified genetically to generate chimeric virus particles (CVPs) carrying heterologous peptides fused to coat protein (CP) subunits. A spontaneous PVX mutant expressing a truncated, but functional, form of the CP has been isolated. With the aim of exploiting this virus to display peptides useful for vaccine formulations, two novel viral expression vectors based on pPVX201 (bearing the wild-type PVX genome) were constructed encoding the truncated CP. Both vectors were able to produce infectious virus particles in planta and were used to insert a panel of sequences encoding peptides of biopharmaceutical interest as N-terminal fusions to the truncated cp gene. The analysis of infection progression induced by the different constructs enabled identification of two important structural features of the fused peptide, namely tryptophan content and isoelectric point, critically affecting the formation of PVX CVPs and virus movement through the plant. These results are discussed in view of the rising interest in engineered plant viruses for development of peptide-based epitope vaccines.
ULH systems with strong filters acting as amplitude regenerators (2006)

It is shown that strong optical filters that are included in a ULH system can suppress, or enhance amplitude noise depending on their positioning. Our study explains the improvement measured in a 60-span system with 10 band-limited DGEs. Understanding of the physical mechanism allows the realization of same and better performance improvement as in the previous work (Wiesnfeld et. al., 2005) with only 2, optimally positioned filters
Phase II study of low dose suramin as a sensitizer of paclitaxel/carboplatin (P/C) in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (2004)

7108 Background: We described that elevated levels of acidic/basic fibroblastic growth factors in the extracellular medium of metastatic tumors result in tumor resistance to anticancer drugs and that low (10–15μM) suramin (S) concentrations (conc) produce reversal of resistance to paclitaxel in vivo (PNAS 2000; Cancer Res 2001). We also demonstrated that low dose S did not add to the toxicities of P/C in NSCLC pts and that pharmacokinetics (PK) were predictable and permitted the derivation of an equation for individualized dosing yielding the targeted range of S conc. Methods: P/C in combination with low dose S was evaluated in two arms: A-previously untreated patients and B- patients who had progression of disease while on P/C or within 3 months of treatment. Patients received i.v. P 200 mg/m2 and C AUC 6 on day 1, every 3 wks. S was administered i.v. in 2 divided doses; one preceding P/C (2/3rds of dose) and the other 24 hrs following (remaining 3rd), every 3 wks. The total dose of S was calculated based on the following: S Dose in mg = FACTOR x (absolute value of body surface area)2. First dose FACTOR was 125, whereas for subsequent cycles, FACTOR depended on the time lapsed since previous dose. Results: 54 pts were enrolled; 43 on Arm A and 11 on Arm B. 14 of 39 evaluable patients in Arm A experienced major antitumor responses (2 CR, 12 PR) (RR 37%, 95% CI 22–54%) and 15 additional patients (38%) had prolonged disease stabilization (≥4 months). The median time to tumor progression was 7 months. Although no responses were observed on Arm B (11 pts), prolonged disease stabilization (≥ 4 months) occurred in 4 pts. The most frequent moderate to severe toxicities were neutropenia (G4, 27 pts; febrile, 2 pts), peripheral neuropathy (G3, 3 pts), and fatigue (G3, 6 pts). S PK analysis in 41 pts revealed that the targeted minimal conc of 10μM was attained in >95% of treatments, and avoided >50μM conc in >99% of treatments. Conclusions: Suramin conc can be predicted based on clinical parameters. The tolerability and antitumor activity observed suggest a beneficial modulatory effect on standard NSCLC treatment. Further testing of this concept through randomization is warranted. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Optimum Therapeutics National Cancer Institute
High resolution elastography for determining local airway wall deformation during bronchoconstriction (2012)

Excessive shortening of airway smooth muscle (ASM) is responsible for airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma but its cause is poorly understood. The forces of breathing have been implicated as preventing AHR in vivo by straining the ASM. However, it is unclear the extent of ASM strain within the airway wall and recent evidence from intact airway studies suggest tidal breathing does not modulate AHR. The ASM is embedded inside the airway wall with heterogeneous mechanical properties which affect the strain felt by the ASM as well as the mechanical load opposing ASM shortening. We captured two ultrasound images of a cross section of an intact airway and applied an image registration technique to calculate the displacement field resulting from a small deformation. The displacement field was then used as an input to solve an inverse problem to estimate the shear modulus distribution. The estimates were compared to the strain of the airway wall and Young's modulus calculated using a thin-walled cylinder approximation.