gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heat-induced changes in cellulose nanocrystal/amino-aldehyde biocomposite systems (2020)

Abstract Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were extracted from natural cellulosic fibres such as bleached cotton and flax with a controlled multi-step sulphuric acid hydrolysis. From the aqueous suspensions of CNCs, the biocomposite films were prepared by casting and evaporation, with an amino-aldehyde (AA) compound in a wide concentration range from 0 to 30%. The AA compound (dimethylol dihydroxy ethylene urea) was considered both as a cross-linker of the CNC and as a matrix polymer for the CNC-reinforced composite system. Two series of films were prepared using different polyols such as sorbitol and glycerol as plasticizers to improve tractability. Heat treatment of the films was performed at elevated temperatures ranging from 140 to 200 °C for 10 min. Results clearly proved that besides temperature, the factors affecting the response of CNC-based nanocomposites to heat treatment were the source of cellulose, the type of plasticizer and the amount of cross-linking agent. Films based on flax–CNC and plasticized with glycerol showed a higher increase in yellowness and a more significant decrease in haze than those derived from cotton–CNC and plasticized with sorbitol, respectively. The cross-linking agent (AA) had a moderating effect on the heat-induced changes of properties. Furthermore, thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) of films revealed that thermal stability of the CNC films improved considerably when AA was added and cross-linking occurred. The increase in T max was more significant for the flax–CNC films (from about 230 to 290 °C) than for the cotton–CNC ones (from about 250 to 280 °C).
Safety and immunogenicity of a first dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccine in allogeneic hematopoietic stem‐cells recipients (2021)

Abstract This was a monocentric prospective study testing the efficacy and safety of a first injection of BNT162b2 (Pfizer‐BioNTech) in 112 Allo‐HSCT patients. Antibody response to SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein receptor‐binding domain was tested at the time of the second injection (Roche Elecsys). The study also included a non‐randomized control arm of 26 healthy controls. This study shows that a first dose of SARS‐CoV‐2 messenger RNA vaccine is safe and provides a 55% rate of seroconversion in allotransplanted patients compared to 100% for the controls ( p &lt; 0.001). Factors influencing the absence of response in patients were recent transplantation (&lt;2 years), lymphopenia (&lt;1 × 10 9 /L) and immunosuppressive treatment or chemotherapy at the time of vaccination.
Programmable Mode/Wavelength Demultiplexer using Inverse-designed Low-loss Phase-change Material (2023)

We demonstrate a non-volatile optically programmable inverse-designed demultiplexer based on low-loss phase change material Sb 2 Se 3 integrated MMI that can be reconfigured both as mode and wavelength demultiplexers.
QuickRec (2013)

There has been significant interest in hardware-assisted deterministic Record and Replay (RnR) systems for multithreaded programs on multiprocessors. However, no proposal has implemented this technique in a hardware prototype with full operating system support. Such an implementation is needed to assess RnR practicality. This paper presents QuickRec , the first multicore Intel Architecture (IA) prototype of RnR for multithreaded programs. QuickRec is based on QuickIA , an Intel emulation platform for rapid prototyping of new IA extensions. QuickRec is composed of a Xeon server platform with FPGA-emulated second-generation Pentium cores, and Capo3 , a full software stack for managing the recording hardware from within a modified Linux kernel. This paper's focus is understanding and evaluating the implementation issues of RnR on a real platform. Our effort leads to some lessons learned, as well as to some pointers for future research. We demonstrate that RnR can be implemented efficiently on a real multicore IA system. In particular, we show that the rate of memory log generation is insignificant, and that the recording hardware has negligible performance overhead. However, the software stack incurs an average recording overhead of nearly 13%, which must be reduced to enable always-on use of RnR.
Computer‐aided detection of lung nodules: False positive reduction using a 3D gradient field method and 3D ellipsoid fitting (2005)

We are developing a computer-aided detection system to assist radiologists in the detection of lung nodules on thoracic computed tomography (CT) images. The purpose of this study was to improve the false-positive (FP) reduction stage of our algorithm by developing features that extract three-dimensional (3D) shape information from volumes of interest identified in the prescreening stage. We formulated 3D gradient field descriptors, and derived 19 gradient field features from their statistics. Six ellipsoid features were obtained by computing the lengths and the length ratios of the principal axes of an ellipsoid fitted to a segmented object. Both the gradient field features and the ellipsoid features were designed to distinguish spherical objects such as lung nodules from elongated objects such as vessels. The FP reduction performance in this new 25-dimensional feature space was compared to the performance in a 19-dimensional space that consisted of features extracted using previously developed methods. The performance in the 44-dimensional combined feature space was also evaluated. Linear discriminant analysis with stepwise feature selection was used for classification. The parameters used for feature selection were optimized using the simplex algorithm. Training and testing were performed using a leave-one-patient-out scheme. The FP reduction performances in different feature spaces were evaluated by using the area Az under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the number of FPs per CT section at a given sensitivity as accuracy measures. Our data set consisted of 82 CT scans (3551 axial sections) from 56 patients with section thickness ranging from 1.0 to 2.5 mm. Our prescreening algorithm detected 111 of the 116 solid nodules (nodule size: 3.0-30.6 mm) marked by experienced thoracic radiologists. The test Az values were 0.95 +/- 0.01, 0.88 +/- 0.02, and 0.94 +/- 0.01 in the new, previous, and combined feature spaces, respectively. The number of FPs per section at 80% sensitivity in these three feature spaces were 0.37, 1.61, and 0.34, respectively. The improvement in the test Az with the 25 new features was statistically significant (p<0.0001) compared to that with the previous 19 features alone.
Circulator‐Free Brillouin Photonic Planar Circuit (2021)

Abstract On‐chip stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) that results from enhanced light–sound interactions, has recently demonstrated great applicability and versatility for signal generation and manipulation. Progress toward realizing fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits is promising; however, the control and routing of on‐chip optical waves requires non‐reciprocal elements such as circulators, which is challenging and adds complexity. Here, a circulator‐free Brillouin photonic planar waveguide circuit which eliminates the need for separate non‐reciprocal elements is demonstrated. Backward inter‐modal Brillouin scattering (BIBS) is used in a planar photonic integrated circuit, for the first time, to provide Brillouin processing capability in a multi‐modal waveguide, conveniently allowing for the separation of counter‐propagating pump and signal using passive integrated mode‐selective filters. Using an As 2 S 3 –Si hybrid multi‐modal photonic circuit, inter‐optical‐mode energy transfer with a Brillouin gain coefficient of 280 m −1 W −1 is experimentally demonstrated, representing two orders of magnitude enhancement compared to conventional optical fibers. This on‐chip BIBS circuit allows for independent routing of pump and signal waves, showing resilience to the cross talk. The experimental demonstrations provide an important basis for achieving fully integrated Brillouin photonic circuits without requiring on‐chip circulators and fine spectral filtering, opening a new dimension for studying spatial‐dependent photon–phonon nonlinear dynamics.
A Max-Plus Model of Asynchronous Cellular Automata (2015)

This paper presents a new framework for asynchrony. This has its origins in our attempts to better harness the internal decision making process of cellular automata (CA). Thus, we show that a max-plus algebraic model of asynchrony arises naturally from the CA requirement that a cell receives the state of each neighbour before updating. The significant result is the existence of a bijective mapping between the asynchronous system and the synchronous system classically used to update cellular automata. Consequently, although the CA outputs look qualitatively different, when surveyed on "contours" of real time, the asynchronous CA replicates the synchronous CA. Moreover, this type of asynchrony is simple - it is characterised by the underlying network structure of the cells, and long-term behaviour is deterministic and periodic due to the linearity of max-plus algebra. The findings lead us to proffer max-plus algebra as: (i) a more accurate and efficient underlying timing mechanism for models of patterns seen in nature, and (ii) a foundation for promising extensions and applications.
Low cost sensors for collision avoidance applications (2002)

Most of the projects on vehicles with a collision avoidance system use cameras in order to build their environment. The purpose of our "Prometheus Prochip" project is to offer an alternative. One-dimensional sensors have been chosen to reduce calculus costs and times. The results of this application is not satisfying. In this paper, solutions are presented and compared in order to improve the performance of our sensors.
AR360: Dynamic Illumination for Augmented Reality with Real-Time Interaction (2019)

Current augmented and mixed reality systems suffer a lack of correct illumination modeling where the virtual objects render the same lighting condition as the real environment. While we are experiencing astonishing results from the entertainment industry in multiple media forms, the procedure is mostly accomplished offline. The illumination information extracted from the physical scene is used to interactively render the virtual objects which results in a more realistic output in real-time. In this paper, we present a method that detects the physical illumination with dynamic scene, then uses the extracted illumination to render the virtual objects added to the scene. The method has three steps that are assumed to be working concurrently in real-time. The first is the estimation of the direct illumination (incident light) from the physical scene using computer vision techniques through a 360° live-feed camera connected to AR device. The second is the simulation of indirect illumination (reflected light) from the real-world surfaces to virtual objects rendering using region capture of 2D texture from the AR camera view. The third is defining the virtual objects with proper lighting and shadowing characteristics using shader language through multiple passes. Finally, we tested our work with multiple lighting conditions to evaluate the accuracy of results based on the shadow falling from the virtual objects which should be consistent with the shadow falling from the real objects with a reduced performance cost.
Quality-of-Life Outcomes for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Early-Stage Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Results From a Randomized Trial, JBR.10 (2008)

The findings of this trial indicate that the negative effects of adjuvant chemotherapy on QOL appear to be temporary, and that improvements (with a return to baseline function) are likely in most patients.
A Functional Role for Mitochondrial Protein Kinase Cα in Bcl2 Phosphorylation and Suppression of Apoptosis (1998)

Phosphorylation of Bcl2 at serine 70 may result from activation of a classic protein kinase C (PKC) isoform and is required for functional suppression of apoptosis by Bcl2 in murine growth factor-dependent cell lines (Ito, T., Deng, X., Carr, B., and May, W. S. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 11671-11673). Human pre-B REH cells express high levels of Bcl2 yet remain sensitive to the chemotherapeutic agents etoposide, cytosine arabinoside, and Adriamycin. In contrast, myeloid leukemia-derived HL60 cells express less than half the level of Bcl-2 but are >10-fold more resistant to apoptosis induced by these drugs. The mechanism responsible for this apparent dichotomy appears to involve a deficiency of mitochondrial PKCalpha since 1) HL60 but not REH cells contain highly phosphorylated Bcl2; 2) PKCalpha is the only classical isoform co-localized with Bcl2 in HL60 but not REH mitochondrial membranes; 3) the natural product and potent PKC activator bryostatin-1 induces mitochondrial localization of PKCalpha in association with Bcl2 phosphorylation and increased REH cell resistance to drug-induced apoptosis; 4) PKCalpha can directly phosphorylate wild-type but not phosphorylation-negative and loss of function S70A Bcl2 in vitro; 5) stable, forced expression of exogenous PKCalpha induces mitochondrial localization of PKCalpha, increased Bcl2 phosphorylation and a >10-fold increase in resistance to drug-induced cell death; and () PKCalpha-transduced cells remain highly sensitive to staurosporine, a potent PKC inhibitor. Furthermore, treatment of the PKCalpha transformants with bryostatin-1 leads to even higher levels of mitochondrial PKCalpha, Bcl2 phosphorylation, and REH cell survival following chemotherapy. While these findings strongly support a role for PKCalpha as a functional Bcl2 kinase that can enhance cell resistance to antileukemic chemotherapy, they do not exclude the possibility that another Bcl2 kinase(s) may also exist. Collectively, these findings identify a functional role for PKCalpha in Bcl2 phosphorylation and in resistance to chemotherapy and suggest a novel target for antileukemic strategies.
Copolymerisation of ethylene and vinyl acetate under high pressure with a peroxide/triethylaluminium system (1996)

Abstract The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of an addition of triethylaluminium to tert ‐butyl perpivalate which is frequently used in industrial applications for initiating the copolymerisation of ethylene with vinyl acetate. For this purpose, polymerisation tests were carried out in the laboratory on a continuous basis at 1900 bar and 150°C. Vinyl acetate was added in concentrations of up to 36 wt.‐% in the feed to the reactor. The organic peroxide concentration was 50 mole ppm; the concentration of organoaluminium alkyl was varied within the range of 0–75 mole ppm. The effects observed, namely an increase in the conversion and a decrease in the peroxide consumption were more marked than with the homopolymerisation of ethylene. This is attributable to the increased rate of chain growth in addition to the increased amount of radicals available. The properties of the copolymers obtained are changed only moderately by aluminium alkyl. Apart from a decrease in density and an increase in the melting point, a decrease in the polydispersity was observed.
Birefringence-Induced Trains of High-Rate Pulses in a Mode-Locked Fiber Laser (2009)

The output of a mode-locked erbium-doped ring fiber laser incorporating a section of a polarization-maintaining (PM) fiber is investigated in both numerical simulations and experiments. With proper inline polarization control, the laser can be set to emit a train of pulses, separated by the differential group delay of the PM section. Repetition rates as high as 500 GHz are experimentally observed. The results provide an added insight into the role of birefringence in mode-locked lasers based on nonlinear polarization rotation.
Combining Motion Sensors and Ultrasonic Hands Tracking for Continuous Activity Recognition in a Maintenance Scenario (2006)

We present a novel method for continuous activity recognition based on ultrasonic hand tracking and motion sensors attached to the user's arms. It builds on previous work in which we have shown such a sensor combination to be effective for isolated recognition in manually segmented data. We describe the hand tracking based segmentation, show how classification is done on both the ultrasonic and the motion data and discuss different classifier fusion methods. The performance of our method is investigated in a large scale experiment in which typical bicycle repair actions are performed by 6 different subjects. The experiment contains a test set with 1008 activities from 21 classes encompassing 115 minutes randomly mixed with 252 minutes of 'NULL' class. To come as close as possible to a real life continuous scenario we have ensured a diverse and complex 'NULL' class, diverse and often similar activities, inter person training/testing and an additional data set only for training (299 extra minutes of data). A key result of the paper is that our method can handle the user independent testing (testing on users that were not seen in training) nearly as well as the user dependent case.
Highly biodegradable copolymers composed of chiral depsipeptide and L‐lactide units with favorable physical properties (2001)

Abstract Syntheses of copolymers composed of optically active depsipeptides (3,6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione) and L ‐lactide—poly( L ‐3, L ‐6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione‐ co ‐ L ‐lactide), poly( L ‐3, DL ‐6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione‐ co ‐ L ‐lactide), and poly( L ‐3, D ‐6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione‐ co ‐ L ‐lactide)—were examined in an effort to improve the biodegradability and physical properties of homopoly( L ‐lactide). In degradation tests, the copolymers composed of 3,6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione and lactide in the ratios 10/90 to 13/87 exhibited high biodegradability toward proteinase K, whereas a homopolymer, poly( L ‐lactide), exhibited very poor biodegradability (only 50% after 200 h). These polymers composed of 3,6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione/ L ‐lactide in 11/89 to 13/87 ratios also degrades rapidly after being in compost for 30 days. The resulting copolymers, however, showed relatively low elongation properties. Therefore, ternary copolymerizations of L ‐3, DL ‐6‐dimethyl‐2,5‐morphorinedione, ϵ‐caprolactone, and L ‐lactide were explored in an effort to improve their mechanical properties, especially the elongation, and sufficient results were obtained with an approximate ratio of 3/11/86. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 302–316, 2002
Flow Induced Spring Coefficients of Labyrinth Seals for Application in Rotor Dynamics (1980)

Flow induced aerodynamic spring coefficients of labyrinth seals are discussed and the restoring force in the deflection plane of the rotor and the lateral force acting perpendicularly to it are also considered. The effects of operational conditions on the spring characteristics of these components are examined, such as differential pressure, speed, inlet flow conditions, and the geometry of the labyrinth seals. Estimation formulas for the lateral forces due to shaft rotation and inlet swirl, which are developed through experiments, are presented. The utilization of the investigations is explained and results of stability calculations, especially for high pressure centrifugal compressors, are added. Suggestions are made concerning the avoidance of exciting forces in labyrinths.
A self-scaling and self-configuring benchmark for Web servers (extended abstract) (1998)

World Wide Web clients and servers have become some of the most important applications in our computing base, and we need realistic and meaningful ways of measuring their performance. Current server benchmarks do not capture the wide variation that we see in servers and are not accurate in their characterization of web traffic. In this paper, we present a self-configuring, scalable benchmark that generates a server benchmark load based on actual server loads. In contrast to other web benchmarks, our benchmark focuses on request latency instead of focusing exclusively on throughput sensitive metrics. We present our new benchmark hBench:Web, and demonstrate how it accurately models the load of an actual server. The benchmark can also be used to assess how continued growth or changes in the workload will affect future performance. Using existing log histories, we now that these predictions are sufficiently realistic to provide insight into tomorrow's Web performance.
New architecture and codes for optical frequency-hopping multiple access (1998)

We propose a new architecture for an optical fast frequency- hop code division multiple access system using tunable Bragg gratings. Previously proposed architectures called for a series of in-fiber Bragg gratings, each independently tunable with a piezo-electric device. We propose a system where the entire fiber of multiple Bragg gratings uses one piezo-electric device to tune to a particular code. We introduce a new set of codes to take advantage of the new architecture and increase the bit rate of each user, as well as the total number of users and hence aggregate bit rate.
Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection (2019)

Black ginseng (BG, CJ EnerG), prepared via nine repeated cycles of steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, contains more accessible acid polysaccharides and smaller and less polar ginsenosides than red ginseng (RG) processed only once. Because RG exhibits the ability to increase host protection against viral respiratory infections, we investigated the antiviral effects of BG. Mice were orally administered either BG or RG extract at 10 mg/kg bw daily for two weeks. Mice were then infected with a A(H1N1) pdm09 (A/California/04/2009) virus and fed extracts for an additional week. Untreated, infected mice were assigned to either the negative control, without treatments, or the positive control, treated with Tamiflu. Infected mice were monitored for 14 days to determine the survival rate. Lung tissues were evaluated for virus titer and by histological analyses. Cytokine levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice treated with BG displayed a 100% survival rate against infection, while mice treated with RG had a 50% survival rate. Further, mice treated with BG had fewer accumulated inflammatory cells in bronchioles following viral infection than did mice treated with RG. BG also enhanced the levels of GM-CSF and IL-10 during the early and late stages of infection, respectively, compared to RG. Thus, BG may be useful as an alternative antiviral adjuvant to modulate immune responses to influenza A virus.
Temperature-dependence of stress and elasticity in wet-transferred graphene membranes (2018)

We report measurements of the mechanical properties of two suspended graphene membranes in the temperature range of 80 K to 550 K. For this entire range, the resonant frequency and quality factor of each device were monitored continuously during cooling and heating. Below 300 K, we have additionally measured the resonant frequency's tunability via electrostatic force, and modeled this data to determine graphene's tension and elastic modulus; both of these parameters are found to be strongly temperature-dependent in this range. Above 300 K, we observe a resonant frequency (and therefore tension) minimum near room temperature. This suggests that the thermal expansion coefficient is positive for temperatures below roughly 315 K, and negative for higher temperatures. Lastly, we observe a large, reproducible hysteresis in the resonant frequency as our graphene devices are cycled between 300 K and 550 K. After returning to 300 K, the measured frequency evolves exponentially in time with a time constant of ∼24 h. Our results clash with expectations for pristine graphene membranes, but are consistent with expectations for composite membranes composed of graphene coated by a thin layer of polymer residue.