gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiochemical Changes to TTCF Ensilication Investigated Using Time-Resolved SAXS (2021)

Successful eradication or control of prevailing infectious diseases is linked to vaccine efficacy, stability, and distribution. The majority of protein-based vaccines are transported at fridge (2–8 °C) temperatures, cold chain, to retain potency. However, this has been shown to be problematic. Proteins are inherently susceptible to thermal fluctuations, occurring during transportation, causing them to denature. This leads to ineffective vaccines and an increase in vaccine-preventable diseases, especially in low-income countries. Our research utilises silica to preserve vaccines at room temperature, removing the need for cold chain logistics. The methodology is based upon sol–gel chemistry in which soluble silica is employed to encapsulate and ensilicate vaccine proteins. This yields a protein-loaded silica nanoparticle powder which is stored at room temperature and subsequently released using a fast chemical process. We have previously shown that tetanus toxin C fragment (TTCF) ensilication is a diffusion-limited cluster aggregation (DLCA)-based process using time-resolved small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS). Here, we present our expanded investigation on the modularity of this system to further the understanding of ensilication via time-resolved SAXS. Our results show that variations in the ensilication process could prove useful in the transition from batch to in-flow manufacturing of ensilicated nanoparticles.
Temporal Resolution of ntPET Using Either Arterial or Reference Region-Derived Plasma Input Functions (2006)

We recently introduced an imaging application combining dynamic positron emission tomography (PET), a modification of the two-tissue compartment model, and constrained parameter estimation. The objective of this method, which we have called neurotransmitter PET (ntPET), is to estimate the timing of neurotransmitter (NT) kinetics. The time course of NT release in response to drugs or other stimuli may provide information about the function of the brain. In this paper, we evaluate two alternate formulations of ntPET, one which uses arterial blood samples as the plasma input function (ART) and another which uses a reference region-derived approximation of the plasma input (REF). Simulated data with strong (moderate noise, prominent NT response) and weak (high noise, subtle NT response) signals were analyzed with ntPET using ART and REF. Both methods were able to recover NT profiles resembling the true response, with temporal resolution better than 1 min for strong signals and 3 min for weak signals. Despite potential disadvantages, REF yielded results rivaling those of the ART method. When a sufficiently robust response is anticipated and knowledge of absolute timing is not necessary, the REF method is an appropriate alternative to ART, which is more demanding experimentally.
Micronutrients and Susceptibility to Infection (1990)

Iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency are both reported to predispose to infection morbidity and to mortality. In both situations, however, the data are insufficient to draw firm conclusions, primarily owing to flaws in the design of the studies. To be sure, these are difficult studies to carry out, and the investigators whose reports have been reviewed should be praised rather than adversely criticized for their efforts. In the case of iron deficiency, there is a further complication in interpretation, that is the suggestion that iron deficiency states may be protective and that conditions of iron overload may predispose to infection. These concepts appear to pertain most convincingly to malaria and Yersinia infections, and to situations in which iron dextran is given parenterally to young children in the first few months of life. There are still two few data to suggest that oral iron is harmful and there is no reason at present that it should not be employed for the correction of iron deficiency anemia.
A Synthetic Ash-Loading Method for Gasoline Particulate Filters with Active Oil Injection (2021)

To reduce particulate emissions, the use of particulate filters in diesel engines is meanwhile state of the art, while the integration of such systems in gasoline engines is now also necessary in order to comply with today’s regulations. Over its lifetime, a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) collects ash components of fuel, lubrication oil, and materials originating from the catalytic coating and from engine abrasion. In the development and application process, synthetic ashing from GPFs is challenging. The ash of the lubrication oil can be increased in various ways, like oil-doped fuel, a separate oil burner, or changes in the piston-cylinder system of the engine. However, these methods show major disadvantages. For this reason, an improved approach is presented in this study, which allows a quick response to changes in combustion (e.g., engine knocking) and producing ash, which is more realistic due to its primary particle size and the density of ash plugs, in a shorter time. Therefore, an approach to accelerate ash loading by active oil injection using a multi-point injection (MPI) system is introduced. With the help of this methodology, an ashing capacity of 1.21 g/h is implemented, which is a high rate compared to other investigations. The primary particle size (evaluated by means of a transmission electron microscope), is in the same size range as those detected at the full-load curve during regular operation. A computer tomographic (CT) analysis of the incinerated particulate filter also shows that a very high density of ash plugs can be realized, which has also been found in the literature for real applications. In addition, with the help of a mass spectrometer (MS) and an intermediate weighing of the particulate filter, the current ash loading of the GPF could be determined with an accuracy of 1%.
The NASA Langley Isolator Dynamics Research Lab (2010)

The Isolator Dynamics Research Lab (IDRL) is under construction at the NASA Langley Research Center in Hampton, Virginia. A unique test apparatus is being fabricated to support both wall and in-stream measurements for investigating the internal flow of a dual-mode scramjet isolator model. The test section is 24 inches long with a 1-inch by 2-inch cross sectional area and is supplied with unheated, dry air through a Mach 2.5 converging-diverging nozzle. The test section is being fabricated with two sets (glass and metallic) of interchangeable sidewalls to support flow visualization and laser-based measurement techniques as well as static pressure, wall temperature, and high frequency pressure measurements. During 2010, a CFD code validation experiment will be conducted in the lab in support of NASA s Fundamental Aerodynamics Program. This paper describes the mechanical design of the Isolator Dynamics Research Lab test apparatus and presents a summary of the measurement techniques planned for investigating the internal flow field of a scramjet isolator model.
Noninvasive Transorbital Assessment of the Optic Nerve Sheath in Children: Relationship Between Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter, Deformability Index, and Intracranial Pressure (2018)

The DI was significantly lower for patients with high vs normal ICP. This relationship improved further when the DI and ONSD were interpreted together.
A Resegmentation Approach for Detecting Rectangular Objects in High-Resolution Imagery (2011)

Image segmentation covers techniques for splitting one image into its components as homogeneous regions. This letter presents a resegmentation approach applied to urban images. Resegmentation represents the set of adjustments from a previous segmentation in which the elements are small regions with a high degree of spectral similarity (a condition known as oversegmentation). The focus of this letter is the house roofs, which are assumed to have a rectangular shape. These regions are merged according to an objective function, which, in the technique presented here, maximizes the rectangularity. With oversegmentation, we create a graph known as a region adjacency graph (RAG) that relates border elements. The main contribution of this letter is a technique, which works with the RAG, to maximize the objective function in a relaxationlike approach that splits and merges oversegmented regions until they form a meaningful object. The results showed that the method was able to detect rectangles according to user-defined parameters, such as the maximum level of the graph depth and the minimum degree of rectangularity for objects of interest.
Acute Hemodynamic Effects of Atrioventricular Pacing at Differing Sites in the Right Ventricle Individually and Simultaneously (1997)

We hypothesized that pacing, which provided a rapid uniform contraction of the ventricles with a narrower QRS, would produce a better stroke volume and cardiac output (CO). We sought to study whether pacing simultaneously at two sites in the right ventricle (right ventricular apex and outflow tract) would provide a narrower QRS and improved CO in 11 patients undergoing elective electrophysiology studies. Patients were studied by transthoracic echocardiography measurement of CO using the Doppler flow velocity method in normal sinus rhythm, AOO pacing (rate 80), DOO pacing in the right ventricular apex (AV delay 100 ms), DOO pacing in the right ventricular outflow tract, and DOO pacing at both right ventricular sites simultaneously in random order. The COs were 5.42 +/- 1.83, 5.61 +/- 1.97, 5.67 +/- 1.6, 5.84 +/- 1.68, and 5.86 +/- 1.52 L/min, respectively (no significant difference by repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]). The QRS durations were 0.09 +/- 0.02, 0.09 +/- 0.02, 0.13 +/- 0.027, 0.13 +/- 0.03, and 0.11 +/- 0.03 secs respectively. Repeated measures ANOVA showed that the QRS duration significantly increased with right ventricular apex or right ventricular outflow tract pacing compared to sinus rhythm and AOO pacing (P < 0.001) but then diminished with pacing at both sites (P < 0.01). QRS duration was not correlated with CO, however the change in QRS duration correlated significantly with the change in CO when pacing was performed at the two right ventricular sites simultaneously. In conclusion, during DOO pacing, there was a trend for pacing in the right ventricular outflow tract or both sites to improve the CO compared to the right ventricular apex. With simultaneous pacing at both ventricular sites, the QRS narrowed. Further studies will be required to see if this approach has value in patients with poor left ventricular function or congestive heart failure.
Increasing the efficiency of thermoacoustic carbon nanotube sound projectors (2013)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can generate smooth-spectra sound emission over a wide frequency range (1-10(5) Hz) by means of thermoacoustics (TA). However, in the low frequencies f, where the need for large area sound projectors is high, the sound generation efficiency η of open CNT sheets is low, since η [proportionality] f(2). Together with this problem, the nanoscale thickness of CNT sheets, their high sensitivity to the environment and the high surface temperatures useful for TA sound generation are other drawbacks, which we address here by protective encapsulation of free-standing CNT sheets in inert gases. We provide an extensive experimental study of such closed systems for different thermodynamic regimes and rationalize our observations within a basic theoretical framework. The observed sound pressure levels for encapsulated argon filled TA transducers (130 dB in air and 200 dB underwater in the near field at 5 cm distance, and 100 and 170 dB in the far field at 1 m distance) are Q times higher than those for open systems, where Q is the resonant quality factor of the thin enclosure plates. Moreover, the sound generation efficiency of the encapsulated system increases toward low frequencies (η [proportionality] 1/f(2)). Another method to increase η in the low frequency region is by modulation of the applied high frequency carrier current with a low frequency resonant envelope. This approach enables sound generation at the frequency of the applied current without the need for additional energy-consuming biasing. The acoustical and geometrical parameters providing further increases in efficiency and transduction performance for resonant systems are discussed.
Effective tooth bleaching in 5 days: using a combined in-office and at-home bleaching system. (1997)

This article compares the bleaching efficacy of a combined at-home and in-office system with that of an in-office system alone. Twenty people participated in the study. Ten of these participants were treated with an in-office 35% carbamide peroxide bleaching product in 2 visits of 15 minutes each. The remaining participants were treated with a combination at-home and in-office system that included a 15% carbamide peroxide at-home bleaching agent. After 5 days of treatment, the participants using the combination system demonstrated increased tooth whitening compared to those using the in-office system alone. Based on the sample size (20 patients), statistical significance was achieved.
Mineral Precipitation from Soda Brines, Lake Magadi, Rift Valley (Kenya) (2020)

Earth and Space Science Open Archive PosterOpen AccessYou are viewing the latest version by default [v2]Mineral Precipitation from Soda Brines, Lake Magadi, Rift Valley (Kenya)AuthorsMeleseGetenetiDJuan ManuelGarcía-RuizFermínOtáloraCristóbalVerdugo-EscamillaSee all authors Melese GetenetiD• Submitting AuthorLaboratorio de Estudios CristalográficosInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Granada, SpainiDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-0733-7277view email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressJuan Manuel García-RuizCorresponding AuthorLaboratorio de Estudios CristalográficosInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Granada, Spainview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressFermín OtáloraLaboratorio de Estudios CristalográficosInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Granada, Spainview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email addressCristóbal Verdugo-EscamillaLaboratorio de Estudios CristalográficosInstituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (CSIC-UGR), Granada, Spainview email addressThe email was not providedcopy email address
Functional characteristics of TG and TnonG cells in a three party MLR. (1981)

Human peripheral blood T lymphocytes were separated into highly purified Fc gamma receptor-positive (TG) and negative (TnonG) populations. These subgroups were compared with unseparated T cells for their ability to proliferate in response to concanavalin A or allogeneic cells, and to suppress a mixed leukocyte culture reaction (MLR). TG cells fail to vigorously proliferate in response to Con A or irradiated allogeneic cells. Moreover, the response of TnonG populations to Con A and allogeneic cells is enhanced compared with unseparated T cells, suggesting active suppression by TG cells. The suppressive effects of TG cells was confirmed in a 3-party MLR. In contrast, TnonG cells failed to suppress the MLR. However, Con A-activated TnonG cells did suppress the MLR and were as effective as TG cells.
ChemInform Abstract: P,P‐DIFLUOR‐P′,P′‐BIS‐(TRIFLUORMETHYL)‐DIPHOSPHINOXID, EINE ′PI‐STABILISIERTE′ VERBINDUNG (1973)

Abstract Die Diphosphinoxide (I) und (II) bilden bei Raumtemperatur ein Gleichgewicht mit der Titelverbindung (III), die durch fraktionierte Kondensation isoliert und IR‐ sowie NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert wird.
Stroke Caused by Extracranial Disease (2017)

Extracranial internal carotid artery atherosclerotic occlusive disease is a common ischemic stroke mechanism. Vascular risk factor control remains the cornerstone of stroke prevention in patients with both asymptomatic and symptomatic carotid occlusive diseases. Intensive medical therapy refers to the contemporary approach of antiplatelet therapy, blood pressure control, low-density lipoprotein reduction, and lifestyle modification to reduce stroke risk. Carotid revascularization with endarterectomy or angioplasty and stenting are established treatments for patients with symptomatic carotid stenosis ≥70%. Previously accepted ischemic stroke preventative strategies, such as carotid revascularization for asymptomatic carotid stenosis, require reassessment given advances in both medical therapy and surgical techniques. The purpose of this review is to describe contemporary approaches to the management of extracranial carotid atherosclerotic occlusive disease and the basis of these recommendations. Results from recently published clinical trials will be highlighted in addition to updated information from clinical trials addressing knowledge gaps in prevention of stroke caused by extracranial disease.
Rat Mammary Gland Atypia Produced by Iodine Blockade with 1 (1975)

SUMMARY Prior published work from our laboratory concluded that there was a need for appropriate metabolic activity of iodine in breast tissue for normal growth and development. Results from studies in rats that were made iodine deficient showed histological changes in the breasts that were atypical and dysplastic. These tissue findings were further affected by the presence of estrogen and thyroxine. These changes parallel the iodine uptake of the tissues, thus representing a difference in the utilization of iodine by the mammary glands. Using an ion blockade agent, sodium perchlorate, breast tissues lacking iodine were evaluated by both endocrine and histological techniques. A dose-response series was com pleted that showed that perchlorate therapy for 8 weeks at 400 mg/100 ml produced breast blockade by a reduction in iodine uptake of greater than 52% of the control. At these levels, the histological experimentation showed atypia and some pleomorphism of the cells, particularly in the glands of the lobules. Blockade was less effective in estrogen treated groups. It is especially notable that both histologi cal changes and uptake reduction were greatest in those breasts that had been rendered euthyroid by thyroxine re placement, thus clearly indicating the necessity of iodine itself for maintenance of normal breast development. By this blockade the responses of iodine inadequacy in the breast were shown to cause abnormal tissue changes rela tive to the percentage of the block obtained.
Magnetoelectric Charge Trap Memory (2012)

It is demonstrated that a charge-trapping layer placed in proximity to a ferromagnetic metal enables efficient electrical and optical control of the metal's magnetic properties. Retention of charge trapped inside the charge-trapping layer provides nonvolatility to the magnetoelectric effect and enhances its efficiency by an order of magnitude. As such, an engineered charge-trapping layer can be used to realize the magnetoelectric equivalent to today's pervasive charge trap flash memory technology. Moreover, by supplying trapped charges optically instead of electrically, a focused laser beam can be used to imprint the magnetic state into a continuous metal film.
Cover Picture: One‐For‐All Polyolefin Functionalization: Active Ester as Gateway to Combine Insertion Polymerization with ROP, NMP, and RAFT (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 33/2022) (2022)

A polyolefin active ester exchange (PACE) process was developed for polyolefin-containing block copolymer synthesis and serves as a bridge connecting coordination–insertion polymerization to multiple controlled polymerization methods. As reported by Krzysztof Matyjaszewski, Eva Harth et al. in their Research Article (e202205931), PACE allows for the synthesis of hybrid materials that comprise olefins and ester, styrene, vinylic, acrylate, and acrylamide segments with a broad window for tunability. Nano-objects with higher-order morphologies can be obtained directly via RAFT-mediated PISA.
Soldering of components onto a smart tag - an evaluation of the process window (2017)

An experiment was designed using optimal design of experiments to identify the most relevant parameters in an assembly step for a smart tag; the soldering of 0402 resistors to a polyimide backplane. The parameter window was set to reflect natural variations in production, and parameter variations were investigated to ascertain whether these variations could lead to unacceptable values of electrical resistance or shear-strength of the soldered joints. All tests were performed before and after exposure to hygrothermal aging, i.e. exposure to 85 °C in combination with 85 % RH, and/or cyclic bending. All test results gave values well within the predefined failure criteria. It could therefore be concluded that all of the tested combinations of parameters spanning the tested process window can be considered as safe variations for the assembly of 0402 resistors in the production of the smart tags. The parameters that influenced the electrical resistance and shear-strength of these assemblies were identified.
Phytochemical analysis of the decoction from leaves of cultivated specimens of Myracrodruon urundeuva (“aroeira-do-sertão”) (2016)

Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Alem. [Anacardiaceae] is the scientific designation of "aroeira-do-sertão", a tree well dispersed at the "Caatinga", the northeastern Brazil characteristic flora. This medicinal plant is widespread through the rural population and the inner trunk bark decoction is used to treat cutaneous affections, urinary and respiratory diseases and gynecological problems [1]. Recently, "aroeira-do-sertão" has been included in the list of native species under extinction threat. In order to find a sustainable source of the plant, seedlings have been cultivated. The purpose of this work was to investigate the chemical composition of the domesticated leaves and compare it to the original trunk bark (previously studied) [2] to evaluate if a substitution could be possible. The leaf ethanolic extract was submitted to metabolite profiling by UHPLC-TOF-MS/UV-ELSD for a preliminary estimation of its chemical composition. Extract fractionation was performed by high speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC-UV). All HSCCC fractions were monitored by UHPLC-TOFMS providing a 2D LC x LC plot of the HSCCC separation. Using this approach 22 compounds were isolated: 1 cyclic polyol, 1 N-methy-proline derivative, 6 phenolic derivatives, 4 hydrolysable tannins, 7 flavonoid glycosides, 1 flavonoid and 2 roseosides (Fig. 1). The chemical structures were elucidated using 2D NMR and HRMS analyses.
Deficit of Somatostatin-Like Immunoreactivity in the Vitreous Fluid of Diabetic Patients (2002)

The significantly higher SLI in the vitreous fluid than in plasma detected in nondiabetic control subjects supports the concept that somatostatin plays a relevant role in retinal homeostasis. In addition, the intravitreous deficit of SLI observed in diabetic patients with PDR suggests that it might contribute to the process of retinal neovascularization.