gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Ni-63 photo and corona discharge ionization for the analysis of chemical warfare agents and toxic wastes (1995)

Over the past decade, advances in instrumental design and refinements in the understanding of ion molecule reactions at atmospheric pressure enabled the application of Ion Mobility Spectrometry (IMS) as a simple inexpensive and sensitive analytical method for the detection of organic trace compounds. Positive and negative gas-phase ions for ion mobility spectrometry have been produced by a variety of methods, including photo-ionization, laser multi photon ionization, surface ionization, corona discharge ionization. The most common ion source used in ion mobility spectrometry is a radioactive Ni-63 foil which is favored due to simplicity, stability, convenience, and high selectivity. If reactant ions like (H2O(n)H)(+) or (H2O(n)O2)(-) dominate in the reaction region, nearly all kinds of compounds with a given proton or electron affinity; are ionized. However, the radioactivity of the Ni-63 foil is one disadvantage of this ion source that stimulates the development and application of other ionization techniques. In this paper, we report analyses of old chemical warfare agents and toxic wastes using Bruker RAID ion mobility spectrometers. Due to the modular construction of the measuring cell, the spectrometers can be equipped with different ion sources. The combined use of Ni-63, photo- and corona discharge ionization allows the identification of different classes of chemical compounds and yields in most cases comparable results.
Molecular epidemiology and phylogenomic analysis of Mycobacterium abscessus clinical isolates in an Asian population (2021)

<i>Mycobacterium abscessus</i> comprises three subspecies<i>: M. abscessus subsp. abscessus</i><i>, M. abscessus subsp. bolletii</i><i>, and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense</i>. These closely related strains are typically multi-drug-resistant and can cause difficult-to-treat infections. Dominant clusters of isolates with increased pathogenic potential have been demonstrated in pulmonary infections in the global cystic fibrosis (CF) population. An investigation was performed on isolates cultured from an Asian, predominantly non-CF population to explore the phylogenomic relationships within our population and compare it to global <i>M. abscessus</i> isolates. Whole-genome-sequencing was performed on <i>M. abscessus</i> isolates between 2017 and 2019. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to determine multi-locus-sequence-type, to establish the phylogenetic relationships between isolates, and to identify virulence and resistance determinants in these isolates. A total of 210 isolates were included, of which 68.5 % (144/210) were respiratory samples. These isolates consisted of 140 (66.6 %) <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> subsp. <i>massiliense</i>, 67 (31.9 %) <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> subsp. abscessus<i>,</i> and three (1.4 %) <i>M</i>. <i>abscessus</i> subsp. <i>bolletii</i>. Dominant sequence-types in our population were similar to those of global CF isolates, but SNP differences in our population were comparatively wider despite the isolates being from the same geographical region. ESX (ESAT-6 secretory) cluster three appeared to occur most commonly in ST4 and ST6 <i>M. abscessus</i> subsp. <i>massiliense</i>, but other virulence factors did not demonstrate an association with isolate subspecies or sample source. We demonstrate that although similar predominant sequence-types are seen in our patient population, cross-transmission is absent. The risk of patient-to-patient transmission appears to be largely limited to the vulnerable CF population, indicating infection from environmental sources remains more common than human-to-human transmission. Resistance and virulence factors are largely consistent across the subspecies with the exception of clarithromycin susceptibility and ESX-3.
Box 2 Region of the Oncostatin M Receptor Determines Specificity for Recruitment of Janus Kinases and STAT5 Activation (2008)

Human and murine oncostatin M (OSM) induce their bioactivities through a heterodimeric receptor complex consisting of gp130 and the OSM receptor (OSMR), which initiates a signaling pathway involving Janus kinases (JAKs) and transcription factors of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family. In contrast to the signal transducing receptor subunit gp130, the OSMR allows strong activation of STAT5B. The underlying molecular mechanism, however, remained unclear. Here we demonstrate that the human and murine OSM receptors use distinct mechanisms for STAT5B activation. The human receptor contains a STAT5B recruiting tyrosine motif (Tyr837/Tyr839) C-terminal to the box 1/2 region, which is absent in the mouse receptor. In contrast, the murine receptor initiates STAT5 activation directly via the receptor bound Janus kinases. Intriguingly, the murine receptor preferentially recruits JAK2, whereas the human receptor seems to have a higher affinity for JAK1. We identify a single amino acid (Phe820) in the human receptor that is responsible for this preference. Exchange by the murine counterpart (Cys815) allows recruitment of JAK2 by the human receptor and consequently activation of STAT5B independently of receptor tyrosine motifs. STAT5B interacts directly with JAK2 only in response to activation of the murine OSMR or the mutated human OSMR. Additionally, we show that OSM-induced STAT1 phosphorylation occurs independently of receptor tyrosine motifs and is mediated directly by Janus kinases, whereas the two C-terminally located tyrosine residues Tyr917/Tyr945 of the OSMR are crucial for STAT3 activation.
V1 vasopressin receptor antisense oligodeoxynucleotide into septum reduces vasopressin binding, social discrimination abilities, and anxiety-related behavior in rats (1995)

To develop and validate a vasopressin (AVP) receptor knockdown strategy, we infused an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to the V1 subtype mRNA into the septum of male rats with osmotic minipumps and measured behavioral, cellular and molecular parameters. Compared to vehicle and scrambled-sequence oligo controls, chronic antisense administration for up to 4 d diminished the ability of the animals to distinguish a previously exposed juvenile from a novel one and to respond to exogenous AVP (1 ng/5 microliters, intracerebroventricular) with an improved social memory. Furthermore, anxiety-related behavior was reduced. As measured in the behaviorally tested rats, antisense treatment resulted in a reduced binding of radiolabeled AVP in the septum, but not in other limbic brain areas (receptor autoradiography), and an increased amount of V1 receptor mRNA (reverse transcriptase PCR), indicating translational arrest and ongoing transcriptional activity. In sense oligo-treated rats, on the other hand, both the social and the anxiety-related behavior scores lay between levels obtained in control and antisense-treated animals. These sense-treated rats showed a slightly reduced V1 receptor density in the septum and reduced receptor mRNA levels, indicating hybridization of the sense oligo to the DNA. The data show the potential of antisense targeting to further reveal relationships between local gene expression, neuropeptide-receptor interactions in distinct brain areas, and behavioral performance.
Pairwise Coding to Mitigate Polarization Dependent Loss (2015)

By pre-coding data across polarizations, the performance degradation due to PDL can be largely mitigated without any coding overhead. Experimentally, this technique shows more than 2-dB Q2 improvement for PDM-QPSK with 6-dB worst-case PDL.
CARBOHYDRATE CHARACTERIZATION III. THE IDENTIFICATION OF HEXURONIC OR SACCHARIC ACIDS AS BENZIMIDAZOLE DERIVATIVES (1942)

Cigarette smoking continues to be the most preventable cause of illness and death and has been linked to the development and prognosis of cancer. Current smokers have higher levels of inflammation than nonsmokers, and inflammation can remain elevated in former smokers even years following cessation. Inflammation can also be enhanced by stress. This study examined cortisol and inflammatory responses to a laboratory stressor in breast cancer survivors who formerly smoked compared to their counterparts who had never smoked. Participants included 89 women (age=51.6±8.9 years) who had completed treatment for stage 0-IIIA breast cancer within the past three years and were at least two months post surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, whichever occurred last. Cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated in response to a standardized laboratory speech and mental arithmetic stressor. Former (n=25) and never (n=64) smokers did not differ by cancer stage, cancer treatment, comorbidities, time since cancer treatment, depression, or stress. Despite having similar cortisol responses to the stressor, former smokers had exaggerated IL-6 responses two hours post-stressor compared to never smokers. This effect persisted after controlling for age, BMI, time since treatment, education, and antidepressant use. An exaggerated and prolonged inflammatory response to stress could be one mechanism underlying the persistent inflammation observed in former smokers.
Don't Be Alarmed (2018)

Lack of trust can arise when people do not know what autonomous vehicles perceive in the environment. To convey this information without causing alarm or compelling people to act, we designed and evaluated a way to sonify an autonomous vehicle's perception of salient driving events using abstract auditory icons, or "earcons." These are localized in space using an in-car quadraphonic speaker array to correspond with the direction of events. We describe the interaction design for these awareness cues and a validation experiment (N=28) examining the effects of sonified events on drivers' sense of situation awareness, comfort, and trust. Overall, this work suggests that our designed earcons do improve people's awareness of in-simulation events. The effect of the increased situational awareness on trust and comfort is inconclusive. However, post-study design feedback suggests that sounds should have low levels of intensity and dissonance, and a sense of belonging to a common family.
Solvent pressure effects in free-radical reactions. A selectivity inversion in free-radical brominations induced by solvent (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvent pressure effects in free-radical reactions. A selectivity inversion in free-radical brominations induced by solventJames M. Tanko, N. Kamrudin Suleman, Glenn A. Hulvey, Anna Park, and Jennifer E. PowersCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11, 4520–4526Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00064a013https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00064a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views239Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three-Component Cascade Reaction towards Substituted Tetrazoles (2011)

The authors report a three-component cascade for the preparation of substituted tetrazole heterocycles. The one-pot reaction sequence begins with the formation of dihalogeno isocyanides, which react with an azide nucleophile. After electrocyclization, the generated ­bromotetrazole undergoes a Suzuki coupling to afford a range of aryl tetrazoles in good yields.
Predicting strip thickness of hot rolled sheet based on the combination of correlation analysis and Extreme Learning Machine (2015)

Based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) an new hot-rolled strip thickness model prediction method is proposed. Firstly, the input variables is determined through the correlation analysis to ensure the effectiveness of the model; then use ELM network forecasting model. The network uses live production data for training and testing, and compared with the BP network prediction model. Simulation results show that the model can predict the thickness more quickly and accurately, and is able to meet the needs of actual rolling production.
Automatic Generation of 3D Building Models from Complicated Building Polygons (2012)

A three-dimensional (3D) urban model is an important information infrastructure that can be utilized in several fields, such as urban planning and game industries. However, enormous time and effort have to be spent to create 3D urban models using 3D modeling software. This paper employs automatic generation of 3D building models through integrating geographic information systems (GIS) and computer graphics. An integrated system is proposed for automatically creating 3D building models from building polygons (building footprints) on a digital map. Because most building polygons’ edges meet at a right angle (orthogonal polygon), the integrated system partitions orthogonal building polygons into a set of rectangles and places rectangular roofs and box-shaped building bodies on these rectangles. In this research, a new scheme for partitioning complicated orthogonal building polygons is proposed. In the digital map, however, not all building polygons are orthogonal. To place parts of a building properly, in either orthogonal or nonorthogonal polygons, the proposed system places parts of a building, such as windows along the inner contour, which is set back from the original building polygon by straight skeleton computation. For a multiple-bounded polygon (a building polygon bounded by outer polygons), a new scheme is also presented for creating a complicated building-shape model or a multilayer building.
Widely Tunable Laser with a 1×3 Multi-Mode Interferometer Based on a Generic Photonic Integration Platform (2021)

A widely tunable laser with a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$1\times 3$</tex> multi-mode interferometer based on a generic photonic integration platform, with a coarse tuning range of 26-nm and side-mode suppression ratios close to 40-dB, is reported. The fine tuning over an Acetylene gas cell absorption line is also demonstrated.
Perioral contact dermatitis caused by L‐carvone in toothpaste (1998)

Contact sensitivity to toothpaste is rare and usually due to preservatives or flavourings, of the latter, mint components being the most important sensitizers (1).
Nanostructured Carbon Films (2000)

By periodic variation of the deposition conditions nanometer multilayers of amorphous carbon films of varying density are deposited. Such carbon–carbon multilayers can be used for the preparation of X-ray mirrors of extreme irradiation stability and the optimization of tribological carbon coatings. Combining these techniques with concepts demonstrated in the preparation of fullerenes and nanotubes leads to graphitic films of very high hardness. Potential applications involve such different fields as field emission cathodes for flat panel displays and low-friction wear-protecting films.
Image capture and processing for a microoptical compound-eye sensor (2008)

An artificial compound-eye imaging system has been developed consisting of one planar array of microlenses positioned on a spacing structure and coupled to a commercial CMOS optoelectronic detector array of different pitch, providing different viewing directions for the individual optical channels. Each microlens corresponds to one channel, which can be related to one or more pixels due to the different fill factors of the microlens array and the image sensor. Also alignment problems resulting from the matching of the microlens focal spots and the pixels during the assembly and the possible residual rotation between the artificial compound-eye objective and the pixel matrix are considered. We have written a program to automatically select the illuminated pixels of the sensor which correspond to each channel in order to form the final image. This calibration method is based on intensity criterions besides the geometric disposition of the microlens array. An image capture program that uses only the channels selected by the calibration is also presented. This program additionally implements image post-processing methods adapted to the microoptical compound-eye sensor. They are applied to the captured images in real time and allow increasing the contrast of the captured images. One of the methods used is the Wiener filter that is computed by taking into account an approximation of the multichannel imaging process of microoptical compound-eye sensors. Experimental results are presented, which show a noticeable increase in the frequency response when the Wiener filter is used, partially compensating the characteristic low spatial resolution of the artificial compound eyes.
Supplementary Figure legends from A Pilot Trial Using Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an NY-ESO-1–Reactive T-cell Receptor: Long-term Follow-up and Correlates with Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legends for Supplementary Figures 1 and 2&lt;/p&gt;
Mit Luft und Wasser zu Diolen (2001)

Abstract Heute werden vicinale Diole ‐ wichtig als Basischemikalien und Synthesebausteine ‐ industriell in einem zweistufigen Prozeß über die Epoxidierung von Alkenen und im Labormaßstab unter großem Materialaufwand hergestellt. Eine neu entwickelte osmiumkatalysierte Dihydroxylierung mit Sauerstoff als Oxidationsmittel könnte in naher Zukunft zur ökonomisch und ökologisch sinnvollen Alternative werden.
Trajectory of IT Artifacts in Live Routines: Organizing Project-Based Workforce in Professional Services through Enterprise Systems (2015)

Professional services organizations are under the same pressures to streamline their operations and increase efficiency as industrial organizations. One way of making the operations more efficient and leveraging a global workforce is to use enterprise systems for HR and project personnel management. However, it seems that the process-oriented nature of enterprise systems is better suited for manufacturing than knowledge based operations. We use an interpretative longitudinal case to show how the organization and its systems evolve from quite rigid control oriented unified process model into a more flexible coordinated support system. Drawing on the theories of IT artifacts and routines (e.g. Pentland and Feldman, 2008) we argue that professional services organizations should pay more attention to the trajectory of IT artifacts and organizational routines over time. Our contribution is to demonstrate how IT artifacts evolve over time to accommodate to the local needs of users.
Antiviral NK cell responses in HIV infection: II. viral strategies for evasion and lessons for immunotherapy and vaccination (2008)

As is the case in other viral infections, humans respond to HIV infection by activating their NK cells. However, the virus uses several strategies to neutralize and evade the host's NK cell responses. Consequently, it is not surprising that NK cell functions become compromised in HIV-infected individuals in early stages of the infection. The compromised NK cell functions also adversely affect several aspects of the host's antiviral adaptive immune responses. Researchers have made significant progress in understanding how HIV counters NK cell responses of the host. This knowledge has opened new avenues for immunotherapy and vaccination against this infection. In the first part of this review article, we gave an overview of our current knowledge of NK cell biology and discussed how the genes encoding NK cell receptors and their ligands determine innate genetic resistance/susceptibilty of humans against HIV infections and AIDS. In this second part, we discuss NK cell responses, viral strategies to counter these responses, and finally, their implications for anti-HIV immunotherapy and vaccination.
Analysis of weighted networks (2004)

The connections in many networks are not merely binary entities, either present or not, but have associated weights that record their strengths relative to one another. Recent studies of networks have, by and large, steered clear of such weighted networks, which are often perceived as being harder to analyze than their unweighted counterparts. Here we point out that weighted networks can in many cases be analyzed using a simple mapping from a weighted network to an unweighted multigraph, allowing us to apply standard techniques for unweighted graphs to weighted ones as well. We give a number of examples of the method, including an algorithm for detecting community structure in weighted networks and a simple proof of the maximum-flow-minimum-cut theorem.
Sultone-based radiochemistry for the development of 18F-radiotracers for high performance hypoxia PET imaging (2019)

LDM-TEP
A nanotube-based field-emission flat panel display (1998)

A matrix addressable diode flat panel display has been fabricated using a carbon nanotube–epoxy composite as the electron emission source. Field-emission uniformity has been confirmed by measuring the I–V curves of pixels across the panel. This prototype display demonstrates well-lit pixels under ±150 V biasing signals. The “on” and “off” of the pixels are well controlled by the half voltage “off-pixel” method. Further improvement of this technology may lead to easy-to-make and inexpensive flat panel displays.
The hypersonic shape. (1965)

Hypersonic aerodynamics and vehicle configurations noting Newton theory limitations, shock wave effects, transition, etc
Preparation of the Silica Gel Monolith by the Sol-Gel Method Using N, N-Dimethylformamide and the Vitrification of the Gel (1987)

Monolithic dried silica gels were synthesized from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) solutions using N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a drying-control chemical additive. Solutions of the system TMOS-DMF-CH3OH-H2O-NH4OH (or HNO3) with varying amounts of catalyst, concentrations of DMF and [H2O]/[TMOS] molar ratios were reacted to obtain dried gel monolith, in order to find an optimum composition. A crack-free cylindrical rod of 32mm in diameter and 120mm in length could be obtained from the solutions of the composition 1 TMOS⋅1 DMF⋅2 CH3OH⋅10 H2O⋅5×10-4NH4OH in mole and some other compositions. The pore size distribution varied with the kind and amount of catalyst, the concentration of DMF, and the [H2O]/[TMOS] molar ratio. The beneficial role of DMF in producing crack-free dried gel monolith was attributed to the effect of keeping the average pore size of the gel large and of lowering the surface tension of liquid filling pores in the drying gel. When the composition of the starting solution was appropriate, the dried gel monolith could be converted into transparent silica glass without cracking and bloating by heating to 1050°C and holding there for more than two hours. The change of gel structure of the dried gel was investigated by infrared and Raman spectroscopy.