gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photosensitized inactivation of ascites tumor cells. (1958)

Summary Visible light irradiation of suspensions of ascites tumor cells vitally stained with acridine orange resulted in the inability of the treated cells to produce tumors. The appropriate controls (irradiated unstained and stained unirradiated cells) were uninhibited in their growth. Ehrlich, Krebs-2, and Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were similarly affected by this type of oxidative radiation injury. A wide range of intracellular concentrations of the sensitizer was effective in producing the radiation damage. The irradiated stained cells lost their ability to produce solid and ascites tumors and were unable to exist as free cells in the peritoneum. Untreated Sarcoma 180 ascites tumor cells were also found to lose their individuality immediately after inoculation into Swiss-Webster mice. However, these cells were able to regain their free-growing state after 19 hours in the host mice, whereas the stained irradiated cells could not. Cells damaged by the photo-oxidative mechanism were found to be incapable of initiating an immune response from the host. The microscopic test of cellular viability which utilizes acridine orange as the differential stain was unable to detect the photosensitized inactivation.
Cytoskeleton in specialized tissues and in pathological states (1995)

Contents. List of Contributors. Introduction (J.E. Hesketh and I.F. Pryme). Red Cell Cytoskeletal Abnormalities (J.E. Barker). Dynamic Modulations and Functional Importance of the Actin Network in Human Neutrophils (T. Andersson, M. Fallman, C. Hellberg, R. Lofgren, J. Ng-Sikorksi, A. Sjolander, and E. Sarndahl). The Hepatocyte Cytoskeleton: Biochemical, Physiological, and Pathological Aspects (L. Agius). Defects in Muscle-Cytoskeleton Interaction in Diseased States (E. Ozawa and A. Suzuki). The Cytoskeleton and Neoplastic Transformation (S. Kellie). Intermediate Filament Proteins in the Inner Ear (W. Kuijpers and F.C.S. Ramaekers). The Neuronal Cytoskeleton M.S. Bush, P.A.M. Eagles, and PR. Gordon-Weeks). The Cytoskeleton in the Biology of Bone Cells (A. Lomri and P.J. Marie). Antibodies to Keratin and Associated Intermediate Filaments in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Other Connective Tissue Diseases (D.L. Scott and P. Kurki). The Cytoskeleton and Virus Infection (D.G. Macejak and R.B. Luftig). Regulation of Cell Morphology and Growth by Syndecan-1: Altered Expression in Malignancy (P. Inki and M. Jalkanen). The Sperm Cytoskeleton and its Defects (B.A. Afzelius). The Cytoskeleton of the Intestinal Epithelium: components, Assembly, and Dynamic Rearrangements (W.M. Bement and M.S. Mooseker). The Plant Cytoskeleton (E. Davies, B.D. Fillingham, and S. Abe). Plasma Membrane-Cytoskeleton Complex in the Normal and Cataractous Lens (E.L. Benedetti, I. Dunia, J.L. Dufier, Y.K. Seng, and H. Bloemendal). Index.
A Simple Oscillometric Technique for Determining New Indices of Arterial Distensibility. (2002)

Recently, oscillometric devices have been developed that can measure blood pressure in the extremities and analyze pulse volume record. On the basis of the extremity pulse volume record, these devices can automatically determine three types of simply measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) (brachial PWV: heart to right upper arm; R-PWV: right upper arm-right ankle; and L-PWV: right upper arm-left ankle). The percent mean pulse volume record (%MPVR=the height that bisects the area of the pulse volume record/pulse pressure X100), a quantitative index of right brachial pulse volume record, can also be determined. To evaluate the usefulness of these new indices, we studied 1,067 consecutive subjects undergoing health checkups (648 men, 419 women; mean age, 50 +/- 9 years). In both sexes, age correlated positively with simply measured PWVs (men, brachial PWV: r=0.46, p<0.0001; R-PWV: r=0.46, p<0.0001; L-PWV: r=0.47, p<0.0001; women, brachial PWV: r=0.37, p<0.0001; R-PWV: r=0.47, p<0.0001; L-PWV: r=0.48, p<0.0001) and correlated negatively with %MPVR (men: r=-0.40, p<0.0001; women: r=-0.45, p<0.0001). Simply measured PWVs and %MPVR were significantly correlated with mean blood pressure. In a separate group of 60 patients, simply measured PWVs correlated positively with carotid PWV (heart to carotid) derived from an elastic vessel (brachial PWV: r=0.76, p<0.0001; R-PWV: r=0.43, p<0.01; L-PWV: r=0.43, p<0.01). %MPVR correlated negatively with carotid PWV (r=-0.35, p<0.01). In conclusion, simply measured PWVs and %MPVR are easier to determine than conventional PWV and may be useful as new indices of age-related changes in arterial distensibility.
Characterization of Two Tetrachloroethene-Reducing, Acetate-Oxidizing Anaerobic Bacteria and Their Description asDesulfuromonas michiganensissp. nov (2003)

Two tetrachlorethene (PCE)-dechlorinating populations, designated strains BB1 and BRS1, were isolated from pristine river sediment and chloroethene-contaminated aquifer material, respectively. PCE-to-cis-1,2-dichloroethene-dechlorinating activity could be transferred in defined basal salts medium with acetate as the electron donor and PCE as the electron acceptor. Taxonomic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing placed both isolates within the Desulfuromonas cluster in the delta subdivision of the Proteobacteria. PCE was dechlorinated at rates of at least 139 nmol min(-1) mg of protein(-1) at pH values between 7.0 and 7.5 and temperatures between 25 and 30 degrees C. Dechlorination also occurred at 10 degrees C. The electron donors that supported dechlorination included acetate, lactate, pyruvate, succinate, malate, and fumarate but not hydrogen, formate, ethanol, propionate, or sulfide. Growth occurred with malate or fumarate alone, whereas oxidation of the other electron donors depended strictly on the presence of fumarate, malate, ferric iron, sulfur, PCE, or TCE as an electron acceptor. Nitrate, sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate, and other chlorinated compounds were not used as electron acceptors. Sulfite had a strong inhibitory effect on growth and dechlorination. Alternate electron acceptors (e.g., fumarate or ferric iron) did not inhibit PCE dechlorination and were consumed concomitantly. The putative fumarate, PCE, and ferric iron reductases were induced by their respective substrates and were not constitutively present. Sulfide was required for growth. Both strains tolerated high concentrations of PCE, and dechlorination occurred in the presence of free-phase PCE (dense non-aqueous-phase liquids). Repeated growth with acetate and fumarate as substrates yielded a BB1 variant that had lost the ability to dechlorinate PCE. Due to the 16S rRNA gene sequence differences with the closest relatives and the unique phenotypic characteristics, we propose that the new isolates are members of a new species, Desulfuromonas michiganensis, within the Desulfuromonas cluster of the Geobacteraceae.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon Homologation of 1‐Alkynes Using Alkoxymethyl Esters Mediated by Dichlorobis(trifluoromethanesulfonato)titanium(IV). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TNFα induces mitochondrial fragmentation and biogenesis in human airway smooth muscle (2020)

In human airway smooth muscle (hASM), mitochondrial volume density is greater in asthmatic patients compared with normal controls. There is also an increase in mitochondrial fragmentation in hASM of moderate asthmatics associated with an increase in dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and a decrease in mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) expression, mitochondrial fission, and fusion proteins, respectively. Proinflammatory cytokines such TNFα contribute to hASM hyperreactivity and cell proliferation associated with asthma. However, the involvement of proinflammatory cytokines in mitochondrial remodeling is not clearly established. In nonasthmatic hASM cells, mitochondria were labeled using MitoTracker Red and imaged in three dimensions using a confocal microscope. After 24-h TNFα exposure, mitochondria in hASM cells were more fragmented, evidenced by decreased form factor and aspect ratio and increased sphericity. Associated with increased mitochondrial fragmentation, Drp1 expression increased while Mfn2 expression was reduced. TNFα also increased mitochondrial biogenesis in hASM cells reflected by increased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α expression and increased mitochondrial DNA copy number. Associated with mitochondrial biogenesis, TNFα exposure also increased mitochondrial volume density and porin expression, resulting in an increase in maximum O<sub>2</sub> consumption rate. However, when normalized for mitochondrial volume density, O<sub>2</sub> consumption rate per mitochondrion was reduced by TNFα exposure. Associated with mitochondrial fragmentation and biogenesis, TNFα also increased hASM cell proliferation, an effect mimicked by siRNA knockdown of Mfn2 expression and mitigated by Mfn2 overexpression. The results of this study support our hypothesis that in hASM cells exposed to TNFα mitochondria are more fragmented, with an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial volume density resulting in reduced O<sub>2</sub> consumption rate per mitochondrion.
Manoeuvrable Gantry Tractor Comprising a "Chorus Line" of Synchronised Modules (2007)

A method of automatically manoeuvring a gantry tractor through right angle turns, U-turns and narrow gates is described. In order to maxmise traction and maneuverability both the wheel angle steering effect and the drive wheel speed steering effect are integrated. This technique produced identical and cooperative redundant steering systems. In addition, through this work, a second level of cooperative redundancy can be achieved when the angle between the longitudinal axes of adjacent modules is also positively controlled. The advantage of cooperative redundancy is that when any steering system begins to fail it is reinforced by the other steering system.
Admissibility in Partial Conjunction Testing (2015)

Meta-analysis combines results from multiple studies aiming to increase power in finding their common effect. It would typically reject the null hypothesis of no effect if any one of the studies shows strong significance. The partial conjunction null hypothesis is rejected only when at least $r$ of $n$ component hypotheses are non-null with $r = 1$ corresponding to a usual meta-analysis. Compared with meta-analysis, it can encourage replicable findings across studies. A by-product of it when applied to different $r$ values is a confidence interval of $r$ quantifying the proportion of non-null studies. Benjamini and Heller (2008) provided a valid test for the partial conjunction null by ignoring the $r - 1$ smallest p-values and applying a valid meta-analysis p-value to the remaining $n - r + 1$ p-values. We provide sufficient and necessary conditions of admissible combined p-value for the partial conjunction hypothesis among monotone tests. Non-monotone tests always dominate monotone tests but are usually too unreasonable to be used in practice. Based on these findings, we propose a generalized form of Benjamini and Heller's test which allows usage of various types of meta-analysis p-values, and apply our method to an example in assessing replicable benefit of new anticoagulants across subgroups of patients for stroke prevention.
Alzheimer’s Disease: Is a Dysfunctional Mevalonate Biosynthetic Pathway the Master-Inducer of Deleterious Changes in Cell Physiology? (2019)

There is a growing awareness that the proteins&amp;mdash;amyloid-beta (A&amp;beta;) and tau&amp;mdash;do not cause Alzheimer&amp;rsquo;s disease (AD) but are produced as a result of it. Similarly, doubt reigns over the degree of causality of high plasma cholesterol and prenylation in AD. This review proposes a fresh and important perspective, in addition to the current line of thinking. It emerges from comparative analysis, in evolutionary retrospect, of the characteristics of the mevalonate biosynthetic pathways in insects versus vertebrates, and of the drastic effects of the absence of farnesol and its esters with juvenile hormone (JH) activity. A dysfunctional mevalonate biosynthetic pathway, with farnesol at its very heart, can disturb &amp;ldquo;Golgicrine&amp;rdquo; activity, reduce mitochondrial multiplication, alter Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; homeostasis, and cause massive apoptosis in specific tissues. These effects were observed in insects in the 1960&amp;ndash;70s. It became undeniably established that the absence of endogenous sesquiterpenoids farnesol and its JH esters is the direct inducer of complete metamorphosis. Such effects are remarkably similar in metamorphosing insects and in the brain with AD. In insects, the administration of farnesol/JH temporarily prevents all mentioned changes. The absence of farnesol/JH was not observed in insects with incomplete metamorphosis; hence, there is no massive apoptosis. Neither do vertebrates have a period in their development in which the mevalonate biosynthetic pathway&amp;mdash;that synthesizes farnesyl pyrophosphate, farnesol, and cholesterol&amp;mdash;comes to a complete halt. Hence, there exists a difficulty in uncovering the other functions of farnesol, besides being an intermediate in the mevalonate pathway. A major breakthrough was achieved in 1999 with the discovery that farnesol in rodent and human brains potently blocks N-type Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; channels. It was proved that the mevalonate pathway and farnesol play key roles in Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; homeostasis. This paper highlights the major consequences of this chemical/pathway in AD research.
Sulphonium ylids as possible intermediates in terpenoid biosynthesis (1968)

G. M. Blackburn and W. D. Ollis, Chem. Commun. (London), 1968, 1261 DOI: 10.1039/C19680001261
Outcomes in Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices and Bacteremia Caused by Gram-Positive Cocci Other Than Staphylococcus Aureus (2010)

Patients with a CIED and bacteremia caused by GPC other than S aureus frequently had evidence of underlying CIED infection on clinical evaluation that included transesophageal echocardiography. This was particularly true among those with CoNS bacteremia. No evidence of underlying CIED infections was identified in the subgroup of patients who did not have manifestations of CIED infection on initial evaluation but subsequently had relapsing bacteremia caused by CoNS.
Phased-array-fed antenna configuration study, volume 2 (1983)

Increased capacity in future satellite systems can be achieved through antenna systems which provide multiplicity of frequency reuses at K sub a band. A number of antenna configurations which can provide multiple fixed spot beams and multiple independent spot scanning beams at 20 GHz are addressed. Each design incorporates a phased array with distributed MMIC amplifiers and phasesifters feeding a two reflector optical system. The tradeoffs required for the design of these systems and the corresponding performances are presented. Five final designs are studied. In so doing, a type of MMIC/waveguide transition is described, and measured results of the breadboard model are presented. Other hardware components developed are described. This includes a square orthomode transducer, a subarray fed with a beamforming network to measure scanning performance, and another subarray used to study mutual coupling considerations. Discussions of the advantages and disadvantages of the final design are included.
Analysis of HLA-G mRNA in human placental and extraplacental membrane cells by in situ hybridization (1991)

Trophoblast cells arising from the implanted blastocyst form the fetal component of the maternal-fetal interface throughout pregnancy. Previous in situ hybridization studies have shown that some subpopulations of these cells, cytotrophoblast cells within and exterior to placental villi, contain class I HLA mRNA. Those studies, performed under moderate conditions of stringency, did not determine which member(s) of the class I HLA gene family was transcribed. In this study, in situ hybridization experiments were conducted under conditions of high stringency using biotinylated antisense and sense RNA probes specific for HLA-G and HLA-E. HLA-G mRNA was identified in first trimester cytotrophoblast cells and in term chorionic membrane cytotrophoblast cells, but was low to undetectable in syncytiotrophoblast of both early and late gestation placentas. Placental villous mesenchymal cells in first trimester but not term placentas contained HLA-G transcripts. HLA-E mRNA was clearly identified only in small round cells present in first trimester decidua and term membranes. These experiments provide the first direct evidence for transcription of the HLA-G gene by cytotrophoblast cells in situ. Expression of this nonpolymorphic gene in place of HLA-A,B,C by trophoblast cells exposed to maternal blood and tissues may allow the juxtaposition of genetically disparate cells required for human pregnancy.
[The role of matrixmetalloproteinases in the tumor growth and metastasis]. (2010)

Many authors have described the role ofmatrixmetalloproteinases (MMP) in tumor invasion. MMPs are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases, which through degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the basal membrane induce tumor spread and metastasis. There are more than 20 enzymes classified into 6 groups: Collagenases (MMP-1,-8,-13 and -18), Gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9, Stromelysins (MMP-3,-7,-10,-11,-26,-27), Elastases (MMP-12), Membrane type specific MMPs (MMP-14,-15,-16,-17,-24 H -25) and other MMPs (MMP-19,-20,-28,-21,-22,-23). Many authors have demonstrated a positive correlation between the pattern of MMP expression and the tumor invasive and metastatic potential including: rectal and gastric cancer, lung carcinoma, breast, ovarian, prostate, thyroid cancer and brain tumors. The increased expression of tissue inhibitors of MMPS (TIMPs) is a response against the tumor progression leading to suppression of the MMP-activity and preservation of the ECM integrity. Due to the dual role of TIMPs, which together with MT1-MMP activate pro-MMPs it is possible that the correlation between activator/inhibitor is the one defining the tumor growth and metastasis.
Radiosynthesis and bioconjugation of [18F]FPy5yne, a prosthetic group for the 18F labeling of bioactive peptides (2008)

Abstract A new 18 F‐based prosthetic group has been prepared for the labeling of azide‐modified peptides for use in PET imaging. 2‐[ 18 F]fluoro‐3‐(hex‐5‐ynyloxy)pyridine ([ 18 F]FPy5yne, [ 18 F]‐1) was prepared via efficient nucleophilic heteroaromatic substitution of either the corresponding 2‐nitro (2) or 2‐trimethylammonium trifluoromethanesulfonate pyridine (3). Best radiochemical yield of [ 18 F]FPy5yne from 2 was 91% by radioTLC (15 min, 110°C, DMSO). From 3, best radiochemical yield by radioTLC was 93% (15 min, 110°C, MeCN). HPLC‐purified [ 18 F]FPy5yne was ligated to model peptide N 3 –(CH 2 ) 4 –CO–YKRI–OH by way of Cu I ‐mediated Huisgen [3+2] cycloaddition in the presence of copper‐stabilizing ligand tris(benzyltriazolylmethyl)amine (TBTA) and N , N ‐diisopropylethylamine (DIEA). Bioconjugate radiochemical yields were obtained in average yields of 89%±8.6% ( n =4), as judged by radioHPLC. Best non‐decay‐corrected, collected radiochemical yield of modified peptide from end‐of‐bombardment was 5.8% (18.7% decay‐corrected), with a total preparation time of 160 min from start of synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Repetitive DNA in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex (2004)

Repetitive DNA is universally present in bacterial and eukaryotic genomes, with two major classes usually distinguished: interspersed repeats, such as mobile genetic elements, and tandem repeats (TRs). Although many repetitive-DNA sequences, especially mobile and extragenic elements, were thought to be primarily parasitic, recent work suggests that coadaptations between them and host genomes may occur. This chapter (i) describes different types of sequences, (ii) discusses their relative impacts on Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetic variation and related functions, and finally (iii) addresses their exploitation for molecular epidemiology, evolution, and population genetics. It is therefore tempting to speculate that induction of REP13E12 in response to DNA damage may also induce the integrated prophage elements. A range of preferential integration loci for IS6110 have subsequently been identified, including the intergenic dnaA-dnaN region and the RvD2 locus. The M. leprae genome contains at least four families of repetitive DNA, contributing approximately 2% to the total genome size. The LEPREP sequences are pseudogenes with similarity to transposases and the maturases of class II introns, enzymes that catalyze DNA transposition. It is also possible that mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (MIRUs) exert no particular function and may therefore be considered as selfish DNA, as suggested for other repeated DNA sequences. Variation of repetitive DNA sequences is key to the molecular epidemiological tools that have had such a dramatic impact on the understanding of M. tuberculosis population structure and evolution.
Experimental study on a new precast post-tensioned concrete beam column connection system (2008)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the hysteresis characteristics, shear transferring capacity, damage state and possibility to disassemble the precast unbonded post-tensioned connections with and without shear bracket under the simultaneous cyclic load and large gravity load. Three half-scale specimens of precast unbonded post-tensioned exterior beam-column connection of large span frame was proposed and tested. The test results of the specimen without shear bracket showed excessive beam slip, resulted in large residual deformation, while the specimens with shear bracket that have the amount of prestressed steel 50% less than that of the specimen without shear bracket expressed very good performance with very small residual deformation, almost no slip, minor damage to the beam and column elements, and easy to disassemble even after experienced the story drift up to 6% drift.
Racial inequity and other social disparities in the diagnosis and management of bladder cancer (2022)

Black race was the strongest independent predictor of delayed diagnosis and substandard treatment of bladder cancer.
A Method Of Calculating Optimal Sensor Resolution For Robotic Applications (1988)

A method for calculating sensor resolution for a variety of robotic applications is presented. This method is based on mapping resolution requirements specified in the &quot;task space&quot; into the &quot;sensor space.&quot; In general, a solution is not unique, and a criterion must be applied to solve for the sensor resolution. Two criteria are of particular interest: (1) the minimization of the maximum sensor resolution for all sensors and (2) uniform sensor resolution in the task space. This method, which is very general and may be applied to many other types of problems, is described by means of two example problems: (1) selecting joint sensors for a 2 degree of freedom (dof) lightweight robot, and (2) selecting linear position sensors for the positioning of planar polygonal parts.