gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unveiling the complexity of nanodiamond structures (2023)

Understanding nanodiamond structures is of great scientific and practical interest. It has been a long-standing challenge to unravel the complexity underlying nanodiamond structures and to resolve the controversies surrounding their polymorphic forms. Here, we use transmission electron microscopy with high-resolution imaging, electron diffraction, multislice simulations, and other supplementary techniques to study the impacts of small sizes and defects on cubic diamond nanostructures. The experimental results show that common cubic diamond nanoparticles display the (200) forbidden reflections in their electron diffraction patterns, which makes them indistinguishable from new diamond (n-diamond). The multislice simulations demonstrate that cubic nanodiamonds smaller than 5 nm can present the <i>d</i>-spacing at 1.78 Å corresponding to the (200) forbidden reflections, and the relative intensity of these reflections increases as the particle size decreases. Our simulation results also reveal that defects, such as surface distortions, internal dislocations, and grain boundaries can also make the (200) forbidden reflections visible. These findings provide valuable insights into the diamond structural complexity at nanoscale, the impact of defects on nanodiamond structures, and the discovery of novel diamond structures.
High Power Visible Solid-State Lasers (2005)

Recent progress in power-scaling of diode-pumped visible solid-state sources using intracavity-frequency-doubling and single-pass (extra-cavity) nonlinear frequency conversion in periodically-poled lithium niobate will be discussed
Epidermal Endocannabinoid System (EES) and its Cosmetic Application (2019)

Recently, cannabis, or its major constituent cannabidiol (CBD), has emerged as an attractive cosmetic ingredient. Initiated as a basic investigation of the physiological roles of cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous ligands, endocannabinoids’ diverse potential benefits have been proposed for using cannabinoid receptor modulating compounds in skin health. Improvement in skin barrier functions, alleviating inflammatory responses, and the relief of itching sensations are some commonly expected therapeutic benefits, which have been supported by many in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. While hemp seed oils or hemp extracts might be used for the cosmetic formulation, the potential for contamination with a psychoactive cannabinoid, such as 9-THC, should be carefully checked. Instead of using hemp-derived ingredients, the use of cannabinomimetics, synthetic ligands on cannabinoid receptors, or entourage compounds (which modulate intracellular synthesis and the degradation of endocannabinoids), have been tried. In this review, a brief introduction of the epidermal endocannabinoid system (EES) and its physiological roles will be followed by a review of the cosmetic and dermatologic application of cannabinomimetics and entourage compounds. The practical application of newly developed endocannabinomimetics will be discussed as well.
Density Modeling of Images using a Generalized Normalization Transformation (2015)

We introduce a parametric nonlinear transformation that is well-suited for Gaussianizing data from natural images. The data are linearly transformed, and each component is then normalized by a pooled activity measure, computed by exponentiating a weighted sum of rectified and exponentiated components and a constant. We optimize the parameters of the full transformation (linear transform, exponents, weights, constant) over a database of natural images, directly minimizing the negentropy of the responses. The optimized transformation substantially Gaussianizes the data, achieving a significantly smaller mutual information between transformed components than alternative methods including ICA and radial Gaussianization. The transformation is differentiable and can be efficiently inverted, and thus induces a density model on images. We show that samples of this model are visually similar to samples of natural image patches. We demonstrate the use of the model as a prior probability density that can be used to remove additive noise. Finally, we show that the transformation can be cascaded, with each layer optimized using the same Gaussianization objective, thus offering an unsupervised method of optimizing a deep network architecture.
The Relationship of Asthma and Anxiety Disorders (2004)

There appears to be a high comorbidity of anxiety disorders in patients with asthma. The prevalence and longitudinal impact of anxiety comorbidity needs to be examined in a large population-based sample of children, adolescents, and adults with asthma. If a high prevalence of comorbid anxiety disorder is documented and if this comorbidity adversely affects the self-efficacy and self-care, symptom burden, and functioning in persons with asthma, then it will be important to develop treatment trials.
Vergleich von Signalerzeugungsmodellen für chromatisch-konfokale Sensoren (2014)

Wir stellen drei Signalerzeugungsmodelle vor, die die spektrale Leitungsverteilung am Ausgang eines chromatisch-konfokalen Sensors beschreiben. Diese berücksichtigen ausgedehnte Quellen- und Detektorgeometrien sowie Aberrationen des optischen Systems. Die Modelle werden anhand eines Experiments verifiziert.
NIPT Technique Based on the Use of Long Chimeric DNA Reads (2020)

Non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) for aneuploidy on Chromosomes 21 (T21), 18 (T18) and 13 (T13) is actively used in clinical practice around the world. One of the limitations of the wider implementation of this test is the high cost of the analysis itself, as high-throughput sequencing is still relatively expensive. At the same time, there is an increasing trend in the length of reads yielded by sequencers. Since extracellular DNA is short, in the order of 140-160 bp, it is not possible to effectively use long reads. The authors used high-performance sequencing of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) libraries that went through additional stages of enzymatic fragmentation and random ligation of the resulting products to create long chimeric reads. The authors used a controlled set of samples to analyze a set of cfDNA samples from pregnant women with a high risk of fetus aneuploidy according to the results of the first trimester screening and confirmed by invasive karyotyping of the fetus using laboratory and analytical approaches developed by the authors. They evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, PPV (positive predictive value), and NPV (negative predictive value) of the results. The authors developed a technique for constructing long chimeric reads from short cfDNA fragments and validated the test using a control set of extracellular DNA samples obtained from pregnant women. The obtained sensitivity and specificity parameters of the NIPT developed by the authors corresponded to the approaches proposed earlier (99.93% and 99.14% for T21; 100% and 98.34% for T18; 100% and 99.17% for T13, respectively).
Fmoc/Acyl protecting groups in the synthesis of polyamide (peptide) nucleic acid monomers (2000)

The chemical synthesis of polyamide (peptide) nucleic acid (PNA) monomers 22–25 has been accomplished using Fmoc [N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine backbone], anisoyl (adenine), 4-tert-butylbenzoyl (cytosine) and isobutyryl/diphenylcarbamoyl (guanine) protecting-group combinations, thus allowing oligomer synthesis on both peptide and oligonucleotide synthesizers. An alternative method for the preparation of (N 6-anisoyladenin-9-yl)acetic acid 7 is described using partial hydrolysis of a dianisoylated derivative. Different methods were studied for guanine alkylation including (a) Mitsunobu reaction; (b) low-temperature, sodium hydride- and (c) N,N-diisopropylethylamine-mediated alkylation reactions to give preferentially N 9-substituted derivatives. Empirical rules are proposed for differentiating N 9/N 7-substituted guanines based on their 13C NMR chemical-shift differences.
Smart polymeric micelles as nanocarriers for oligonucleotides and siRNA delivery (2005)

The development of in vivo delivery systems for oligonucleotides and siRNA is strongly desired to achieve their clinical applications. Recently, polyplex micelles, which are formed through an electrostatic interaction between nucleic acid compounds (DNA and RNA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-polycation block copolymers, have received much attention due to their nanometric-scaled size and excellent biocompatibility. Here, three types of newly engineered block copolymers were developed to construct polyplex micelles useful for oligonucleotides and siRNA delivery: (1) PEG-polycation diblock copolymers possessing diamine side-chain with distinctive pKa for siRNA encapsulation into polyplex micelles with high endosomal escaping ability, (2) Lactosylated PEG-(oligonucleotide or siRNA) conjugate through acid-labile beta-thiopropionate linkage to construct pH-sensitive PIC micelles, and (3) PEG-poly(methacrylic acid) block copolymer for the construction of organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles encapsulating siRNA.
Placental β-Endorphin-Like Peptides (1980)

Acid extract of human placental tissue contain, by both radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay, beta-endrophin-like material. Half of this material will not go through a 5000-dalton filter and on Sephadex G-200 has a molecular size between 25,00 and 50,000 daltons. Of the material going through a 5000-dalton ultrafilter, 80 percent is excluded on Sephadex G-25 and held back, very slightly, on Bio-Rad P6, indicating a molecular size of approximately 4500 to 4800 daltons. Thus, placenta appears to have macromolecular precursors from which a beta-endorphin-like material is released, with a size approximately 12 amino acids longer than half of the pituitary hormone.
Molecular meccano. 1. [2]Rotaxanes and a [2]catenane made to order (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular meccano. 1. [2]Rotaxanes and a [2]catenane made to orderPier Lucio Anelli, Peter R. Ashton, Roberto Ballardini, Vincenzo Balzani, Milagros Delgado, Maria Teresa Gandolfi, Timothy T. Goodnow, Angel E. Kaifer, Douglas Philp, and Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 1, 193–218Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00027a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00027a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4535Altmetric-Citations708LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hip arthroscopy: An anatomic study of portal placement and relationship to the extra‐articular structures (1995)

The purpose of this study is to accurately describe the relationship of the major neurovascular structures to standard portals used in hip arthroscopy. Placement of three standard arthroscopic portals was simulated in eight fresh paired cadaveric hip specimens by placing Steinmann pins into the joint under fluoroscopic control. The specimens were then dissected and the relationship of the portals to the following structures was recorded: lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, femoral nerve, ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal nerve, and sciatic nerve. The lateral femoral cutaneous nerve had divided into three or more branches at the level of the anterior portal. The anterior portal averaged only 0.3 cm from one of these branches. The average minimum distance from the anterior portal to the femoral nerve was 3.2 cm. The ascending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery averaged 3.7 cm from the anterior portal. A terminal branch of this vessel was present in three specimens 0.3 cm from the portal. The superior gluteal nerve averaged 4.4 cm superior to the anterolateral and posterolateral portals. The sciatic nerve averaged 2.9 cm from the posterolateral portal. From this study, these portal placements appear to be safe. Proper positioning depends on careful attention to the topographical anatomy about the hip. Avoidance of the important structures depends on proper positioning and proper technique in portal placement.
Abstract 4591: Biotinylated derivatives of selective high affinity ligand (SHAL) therapeutics as companion diagnostics for prescreening non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients (2012)

Abstract Selective High Affinity Ligands (SHALs) are a new class of small molecule targeting agents that can be designed to bind selectively and with high affinity to unique sites located on almost any protein. A series of SHAL-based therapeutics have been developed to target the cell surface antigen HLA-DR10 that is over-expressed on many B-cell derived malignancies. SHALs are created by first identifying subsets of potential ligands, or “recognition elements,” that bind to two or three neighboring unique sites on the surface of the target protein. Bidentate or tridentate SHALs are produced by linking two or three of these recognition ligands together using carbodiimide chemistry and a miniPEG and lysine scaffold. SHAL synthesis is rapid, uses relatively inexpensive, commercially available components, and is very versatile. Multiple forms of the SHAL can be created by combining different recognition elements (ligands) or by attaching a variety of tags (biotin, chelating groups, dyes, inhibitors) to the end of the linker. Using this approach, SH7139 has been developed as a promising therapeutic for treating non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Previous studies have shown SH7139 to be effective in treating human B-cell lymphoma in a mouse xenograft model at extremely low doses (3.3μg/kg); 70% of the tumors disappeared within 30 days after treatment and did not reoccur during the remainder of the life of the animal. Here we report that a biotinylated derivative of SH7139 can be used as companion diagnostic to prescreen needle aspirates or biopsies from B-cell lymphomas and determine whether or not the tumor is likely to respond to SH7139 therapy. The staining protocol involves detecting the bound biotinylated SHAL using commercially available alkaline phosphatase reagents, and it works equally well with both fixed and unfixed biopsy sections. Biotinylated SH7139 has been used to identify potentially responsive B-cell lymphomas in both canine and human patients. The development of SHAL-based diagnostics in parallel with new SHAL-based therapeutics will help advance individualized therapies and minimize the systemic trauma and valuable time lost by patients given treatments that prove to be ineffective. Our results also suggest this diagnostic may also prove useful in determining whether malignancies over-expressing HLA-DR10 have metastasized and individual lymphoma cells have migrated out of the tumor into surrounding normal tissue. This research was supported, in part, by NIH/NCI SBIR grant 1R43CA159843-01 to Rod Balhorn. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4591. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4591
Micro-scale H2–CO2 Dynamics in a Hydrogenotrophic Methanogenic Membrane Reactor (2016)

Biogas production is a key factor in a sustainable energy supply. It is possible to get biogas with very high methane content if the biogas reactors are supplied with exogenous hydrogen, and one of the technologies for supplying hydrogen is through gas permeable membranes. In this study the activity and stratification of hydrogen consumption above such a membrane was investigated by use of microsensors for hydrogen and pH. A hydrogenotrophic methanogenic community that was able to consume the hydrogen flux within 0.5 mm of the membrane with specific rates of up to 30 m(3) H2 m(-3) day(-1) developed within 3 days in fresh manure and was already established at time zero when analyzing slurry from a biogas plant. The hydrogen consumption was dependent on a simultaneous carbon dioxide supply and was inhibited when carbon dioxide depletion elevated the pH to 9.2. The activity was only partially restored when the carbon dioxide supply was resumed. Bioreactors supplied with hydrogen gas should thus be carefully monitored and either have the hydrogen supply disrupted or be supplemented with carbon dioxide when the pH rises to values about 9.
ASEMD 2018—Introduction (2019)

Presents a brief introduction about the 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied Superconductivity and Electromagnetic Devices (ASEMD) that was held in Tianjin, China, April 15–18, 2018.
Accuracy vs. Complexity for mmWave Ray-Tracing: A Full Stack Perspective (2020)

The millimeter wave (mmWave) band will provide multi-gigabits-per-second connectivity in the radio access of future wireless systems. The high propagation loss in this portion of the spectrum calls for the deployment of large antenna arrays to compensate for the loss through high directional gain, thus introducing a spatial dimension in the channel model to accurately represent the performance of a mmWave network. In this perspective, ray-tracing can characterize the channel in terms of Multi Path Components (MPCs) to provide a highly accurate model, at the price of extreme computational complexity (e.g., for processing detailed environment information about the propagation), which limits the scalability of the simulations. In this paper, we present possible simplifications to improve the trade-off between accuracy and complexity in ray-tracing simulations at mmWaves by reducing the total number of MPCs. The effect of such simplifications is evaluated from a full-stack perspective through end-to-end simulations, testing different configuration parameters, propagation scenarios, and higher-layer protocol implementations. We then provide guidelines on the optimal degree of simplification, for which it is possible to reduce the complexity of simulations with a minimal reduction in accuracy for different deployment scenarios.
A Controlled Trial of Exercise Rehabilitation after Heart Transplantation (1999)

When initiated early after cardiac transplantation, exercise training increases the capacity for physical work.
Virtual stenting with simplex mesh and mechanical contact analysis for real-time planning of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (2018)

In aortic endovascular repair, the prediction of stented vessel remodeling informs treatment plans and risk evaluation; however, there are no highly accurate and efficient methods to quantitatively simulate stented vessels. This study developed a fast virtual stenting algorithm to simulate stent-induced aortic remodeling to assist in real-time thoracic endovascular aortic repair planning. <b>Methods:</b> The virtual stenting algorithm was established based on simplex deformable mesh and mechanical contact analysis. The key parameters of the mechanical contact analysis were derived from mechanical tests on aortic tissue (n=40) and commonly used stent-grafts (n=6). Genetic algorithm was applied to select weighting parameters. Testing and validation of the algorithm were performed using pre- and post-treatment computed tomography angiography datasets of type-B aortic dissection cases (n=66). <b>Results:</b> The algorithm was efficient in simulating stent-induced aortic deformation (mean computing time on a single processor: 13.78±2.80s) and accurate at the morphological (curvature difference: 1.57±0.57%; cross-sectional area difference: 4.11±0.85%) and hemodynamic (similarity of wall shear stress-derived parameters: 90.16-90.94%) levels. Stent-induced wall deformation was higher (p<0.05) in distal stent-induced new entry cases than in successfully treated cases, and this deformation did not differ significantly among the different stent groups. Additionally, the high stent-induced wall deformation regions and the new-entry sites overlapped, indicating the usefulness of wall deformation to evaluate the risks of device-induced complications. <b>Conclusion:</b> The novel algorithm provided fast real-time and accurate predictions of stent-graft deployment with luminal deformation tracking, thereby potentially informing individualized stenting planning and improving endovascular aortic repair outcomes. Large, multicenter studies are warranted to extend the algorithm validation and determine stress-induced wall deformation cutoff values for the risk stratification of particular complications.
Sodium/proton exchange in FRTL-5 thyroid cells: Role in the maintenance of intracellular pH and TSH-stimulated cell growth (1987)

In eukaryotes cytoplasmic pH is an important determinant of many intracellular processes and has been implicated as a regulatory signal in several cellular events (Nuccitelli & Deamer 1981). The regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) largely depends on an electroneutral, amiloride-sensitive, Na+/H+ exchange in the plasma membrane (Nuccitelli & Deamer 1981). It has recently been suggested that a stimulation of Na+/H+ exchange, producing a rapid and persistent alkalinization is associated with mitogen action in vertebrate cells (Moolenar 1986).
A novel small planar antenna utilizing cascaded right/left-handed transmission lines (2007)

In recent years, meta-material is very popular and widely applied to microwave circuits, including antennas. Antennas associated with left handed material are expected to provide superior characteristics, especially the miniaturized size. Amount of antennas employing CRLH structure were researched. Small planar antennas utilizing the ZOR mode were published in Sanada, A., et al (2004). The physical size of such antenna can be arbitrary regardless the operation frequency since it is specified by the value of the capacitances and inductances instead of the wavelength. Unlike employing CRLH or simply LH TL, a novel planar antenna utilizing cascaded right/left-handed transmission lines is proposed in this paper. A new concept of achieving resonance which is also regardless of the wavelength of the operation frequency is developed without using CRLH structure. The equivalent transmission line circuits are used to analysis and design the antenna.