gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scatter/primary in mammography: Monte Carlo validation (2000)

The purpose of this investigation was to compare and validate the performance of the SIERRA Monte Carlo simulation routines for the analysis of the scatter to primary ratio (SPR) in the mammography setting. Two Monte Carlo simulation methods were addressed, the direct method was a straightforward and geometrically accurate simulation procedure, and the convolution method uses idealized geometry (monoenergetic, normally incident delta function input to the scattering medium) to produce scatter point spread functions (PSFs). The PSFs were weighted by the x-ray spectrum of interest and convolved with the field of view to estimate SPR values. The SPR results of both Monte Carlo procedures were extensively compared to five published sources, including Monte-Carlo-derived and physically measured SPR assessments. The direct method demonstrated an overall agreement with the literature of 3.7% accuracy (N=5), and the convolution method demonstrated an average of 7.1% accuracy (N=14). The comparisons were made over a range of parameters which included field of view, phantom thickness, x-ray energy, and phantom composition. Limitations of the beam stop method were also discussed. The results suggest that the SIERRA Monte Carlo routines produce accurate SPR calculations and may be useful for a more comprehensive study of scatter in mammography.
BIOLOGICAL THERAPY PENETRATION FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN LATIN AMERICA: CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE CHALLENGES (2019)

Penetration of anti-TNF agents in Latin America is comparable to the rest of the world in CD, but lower in UC. With the increase in the incidence and prevalence of IBD, specific strategies to increase access to anti-TNF agents in UC and new biological agents overall are warranted.
A logic for handling time in temporal databases (2003)

An approach to the handling of time in query languages of historical database management systems is outlined. The approach is based on extending Boolean and comparison operators by allowing their operands to be sets of time intervals. The proposed temporal logic is shown to satisfy the properties of the normal Boolean logic. A relational-calculus query language using the extended logic is proposed. A new syntax for retrieval statements is defined in order to separate the process of selecting entities (tuples) and the process of selecting required values of temporal attributes from the chosen entities. The extension presented in this paper offer a good degree of flexibility in expressing different temporal requirements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Farthest-Point Heuristic based Initialization Methods for K-Modes Clustering (2006)

The k-modes algorithm has become a popular technique in solving categorical data clustering problems in different application domains. However, the algorithm requires random selection of initial points for the clusters. Different initial points often lead to considerable distinct clustering results. In this paper we present an experimental study on applying a farthest-point heuristic based initialization method to k-modes clustering to improve its performance. Experiments show that new initialization method leads to better clustering accuracy than random selection initialization method for k-modes clustering.
Piezo-resistive vibration sensor using liquid (2018)

This paper reports on a piezo-resistive vibration sensor, which is liquid-beam-air multilayer structure. It is known that the similar structure sensor can detect acoustic emission, using surface tension wave, in the past research. In this paper, the behavior is clarified by performing two experiments. One is measuring the relationship between the liquid amount, which is liquid height, and the fractional resistance change per acceleration. The other is observing the actual vibration shape by use of laser Doppler measurement system. The result suggests that inertial force is dominant under about 20 kHz and the sensitivity is depended on liquid height. Above about 20 kHz, surface tension wave is dominant.
Neurotensin Phosphorylates GSK-3α/β through the Activation of PKC in Human Colon Cancer Cells (2006)

Neurotensin (NT), a gastrointestinal hormone, binds its receptor [neurotensin receptor (NTR)] to regulate the growth of normal and neoplastic intestinal cells; molecular mechanisms remain largely undefined. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) regulates diverse cellular processes, including cell growth and apoptosis. Here, we show that NT induces the phosphorylation of GSK-3alpha/beta in the human colon cancer cell line HT29, HCT116, or SW480, which possesses high-affinity NTR. The effect of NT was blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), but not by inhibitors of MEK1 or phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase, suggesting a predominant role for PKC in GSK-3beta phosphorylation by NT. Pretreatment with Gö6976 (which inhibits PKCalpha and PKCbeta1) or downregulation of endogenous PKCalpha or PKCbeta1 blocked NT-mediated GSK-3beta (but not GSK-3alpha) phosphorylation. Moreover, a selective PKCbeta inhibitor, LY379196, reduced NT-mediated GSK-3beta (but not GSK-3alpha) phosphorylation, suggesting a role for PKCbeta1 in the NT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3beta and an undefined kinase in the NT-mediated phosphorylation of GSK-3alpha. Treatment with NT or the GSK-3 inhibitor SB216763 increased the expression of cyclin D1, a downstream effector protein of GSK-3 and a critical protein for the proliferation of various cells. Our results indicate that NT uses PKC-dependent pathways to modulate GSK-3, which may play a role in the NT regulation of intestinal cell growth.
Specific Detection of Tuberculosis Infection (2004)

The tuberculin skin test for immunologic diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection has many limitations, including being confounded by bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination or exposure to nontuberculous mycobacteria. M. tuberculosis-specific antigens that are absent from BCG and most nontuberculous mycobacteria have been identified. We examined the use of two of these antigens, CFP-10 and ESAT-6, in a whole blood IFN-gamma assay as a diagnostic test for tuberculosis in BCG-vaccinated individuals. Because of the lack of an accurate standard with which to compare new tests for M. tuberculosis infection, specificity of the whole blood IFN-gamma assay was estimated on the basis of data from people with no identified risk for M. tuberculosis exposure (216 BCG-vaccinated Japanese adults) and sensitivity was estimated on the basis of data from 118 patients with culture-confirmed M. tuberculosis infection who had received less than 1 week of treatment. Using a combination of CFP-10 and ESAT-6 responses, the specificity of the test for the low-risk group was 98.1% and the sensitivity for patients with M. tuberculosis infection was 89.0%. The results demonstrate that the whole blood IFN-gamma assay using CFP-10 and ESAT-6 was highly specific and sensitive for M. tuberculosis infection and was unaffected by BCG vaccination status.
Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors: a major new class of oral antidiabetic drug (2007)

Exploiting the incretin effect to develop new glucose-lowering treatments has become the focus of intense research. One successful approach has been the development of oral inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). These drugs reversibly block DPP-IV-mediated inactivation of incretin hormones, for example, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and also other peptides that have alanine or proline as the penultimate N-terminal amino acid. DPP-IV inhibitors, therefore, increase circulating levels and prolong the biological activity of endogenous GLP-1, but whether this is sufficient to fully explain the substantial reduction in haemoglobin A(1c) (HbA(1c)) and associated metabolic profile remains open to further investigation. DPP-IV inhibitors such as vildagliptin and sitagliptin have been shown to be highly effective antihyperglycaemic agents that augment insulin secretion and reduce glucagon secretion via glucose-dependent mechanisms. This review summarizes the major clinical trials with DPP-IV inhibitors as monotherapy and as add-on therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes. The magnitude of HbA(1c) reduction with DPP-IV inhibitors depends upon the pretreatment HbA(1c) values, but there seems to be no change in body weight, and very low rates of hypoglycaemia and gastrointestinal disturbance with these agents. DPP-IV inhibitors represent a major new class of oral antidiabetic drug and their metabolic profile offers a number of unique clinical advantages for the management of type 2 diabetes.
A Very Low Loss 220–325 GHz Silicon Micromachined Waveguide Technology (2018)

This letter reports for the first time on a very low loss silicon micromachined waveguide technology, implemented for the frequency band of 220-325 GHz. The waveguide is realized by utilizing a double H-plane split in a three-wafer stack. This ensures very low surface roughness, in particular on the top and bottom surfaces of the waveguide, without the use of any surface roughness reduction processing steps. This is superior to previous micromachined waveguide concepts, including E-plane and single H-plane split waveguides. The measured average surface roughness is 2.14 nm for the top/bottom of the waveguide, and 163.13 nm for the waveguide sidewalls. The measured insertion loss per unit length is 0.02-0.07 dB/mm for 220-325 GHz, with a gold layer thickness of 1 μm on the top/bottom and 0.3 μm on the sidewalls. This represents, in this frequency band, the lowest loss for any silicon micromachined waveguide published to date and is of the same order as the best metal waveguides.
Hydrogen site occupancy and hydrogen diffusion inLaNi4BH1.5 (1984)

The ${\mathrm{CeCo}}_{4}$B-type ternary compound ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{4}$B reacts with hydrogen gas at room temperature to form the hydride ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{BH}}_{1.5}$ in the pressure range 1-100 atm. Rigid-lattice proton second moments indicate that hydrogen only occupies sites within the La-Ni basal planes in this hydride. The La-B planes, which do not accommodate hydrogen, appear to act as barriers to long-range hydrogen diffusion along the [001] direction. We have studied the diffusion behavior of hydrogen in ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{BH}}_{1.4}$ by NMR measurements of the proton relaxation times ${T}_{1}$ and ${T}_{1\ensuremath{\rho}}$ and find evidence for at least two activated-jump processes. The long-range diffusion process is characterized by lower mobilities and larger activation energies than observed in ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{5}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$; comparison of the results with those previously obtained for ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{4}$${\mathrm{AlH}}_{4.3}$ suggests that the activated step for diffusion in these hydrides is passage of hydrogen through the $12o$ sites, or through saddle points joining these sites to other sites occupied by hydrogen. Evidence for a low-activation-energy process is also observed; this process is interpreted as a localized hopping within clusters of $3f\ensuremath{-}12n$ sites that does not result in hydrogen transport. These observations are consistent with the five-site model [$\frac{P6}{\mathrm{mmm}} ({D}_{6h}^{1})$ space group] for hydrogen site occupancy in ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{5}$${\mathrm{H}}_{6}$, but they are less easily related to site occupancies for the $P31m ({C}_{3v}^{2})$ model. Additionally, the presence of several anomalies in the ${\mathrm{LaNi}}_{4}$B x-ray powder pattern prompted us to conduct single-crystal investigations which indicate that the ${\mathrm{CeCo}}_{4}$B structure represents only a subcell in a larger hexagonal antiphase domain structure extending along the directions of the basal-plane axes.
Switching binding states (2001)

Recently, we introduced two illusions: Feature inheritance and shine-through (Herzog &amp; Koch, 2001). In both cases, a vernier precedes a grating for a short time. In feature inheritance the grating comprises a small number of elements to which properties of the foregoing vernier are bound. The vernier itself remains invisible. In shine-through, a grating comprising a larger number of elements follows the foregoing vernier. Surprisingly, the vernier becomes visible as an entity in its own right and does not bequeath its features to the grating. Two "objects" are perceived each preserving its properties. Therefore, each of the two illusions represents a different state of feature binding. Our results suggest that feature binding is based on an antecedent segmentation process that might be viewed as a binding process itself
Impact of estradiol on biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates from cystic fibrosis patients (2020)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Women with Cystic Fibrosis (CF) have a significantly lower life expectancy compared to men, which is indicated by an earlier impairment of lung function due to chronic colonization of pathogenic bacteria like &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;Pseudomonas aeruginosa&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; (PA). Reasons for this &amp;amp;#8220;CF gender gap&amp;amp;#8221; until now have not yet been fully clarified and are assumed to be multifactorial.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This study aims to shed light on the contribution of sex hormones to the CF-Gender gap considering microbial endocrinology. Therefor the study investigates whether the sex hormone estradiol, whose blood serum concentrations are significantly fluctuating within the female cycle and during pregnancy, has a regulatory influence on the development of PA biofilms in the context of CF.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For that purpose, biofilms of PA isolates from CF-patients are treated &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;in vitro&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; with various estradiol concentrations and are examined in a comparative study quantitatively regarding the total biomass, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;e.g.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; via crystal violet staining, and qualitatively, &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;e.g.&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; via scanning electron microscopy, to characterize the ultrastructure of the biofilm.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;We observed that estradiol induces biofilm-forming capacity of CF-PA-isolates with respect to the total biomass and modulates the biofilm structure especially concerning the distribution and clustering of bacteria.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The observed &amp;lt;em&amp;gt;in vitro&amp;lt;/em&amp;gt; correlation between estradiol concentration and extent of biofilm growth provides a possible microbiological explanation for gender differences in CF disease progression.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;These insights and further research on possible underlying mechanisms might be relevant in the long-term for new approaches in personalized treatment for female CF patients.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Acknowledgement&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This work is supported by a financial grant from Mukoviszidose Institut gGmbH, Bonn, the research and development arm of the German Cystic Fibrosis Association Mukoviszidose e.V., the Christiane Herzog foundation. We further thank the Equal Opportunities Office of the University Siegen as well as the DAAD PPP Frankreich (Project-ID 55976814) for financial support.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Front Matter: Volume 10079 (2017)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10079 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Pseudomyxoma peritonei associated with primary mucinous borderline tumor of the renal pelvicalyceal system. (2009)

Primary mucinous cystic neoplasms are extraordinarily rare tumors of the kidney. Herein, we present a case of a 52-year-old man who presented with painless hematuria and mucusuria. The nephrectomy showed a markedly enlarged kidney replaced by a large cystic mass filled with mucin and with almost complete destruction of the renal parenchyma. Histologically, the mass was lined primarily by simple mucinous epithelium and showed foci of adenomatous (borderline) change with focal areas exhibiting intraepithelial carcinoma. No invasion was documented after extensive sampling of the tumor. A pathologic diagnosis of intraepithelial carcinoma arising in a mucinous neoplasm of borderline malignancy was rendered. One year later, the patient presented with pseudomyxoma peritonei. This case illustrates that, in a patient with pseudomyxoma peritonei, the absence of an appendiceal, gastrointestinal, or ovarian primary tumor raises the possibility of a primary neoplasm at an unusual site such as the kidney.
Vaccinia Virus Infection &amp; Temporal Analysis of Virus Gene Expression: Part 2 (2009)

The family Poxviridae consists of large double-stranded DNA containing viruses that replicate exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Members of the orthopox genus include variola, the causative agent of human small pox, monkeypox, and vaccinia (VAC), the prototypic member of the virus family. Within the relatively large (approximately 200 kb) vaccinia genome, three classes of genes are encoded: early, intermediate, and late. While all three classes are transcribed by virally-encoded RNA polymerases, each class serves a different function in the life cycle of the virus. Poxviruses utilize multiple strategies for modulation of the host cellular environment during infection. In order to understand regulation of both host and virus gene expression, we have utilized genome-wide approaches to analyze transcript abundance from both virus and host cells. Here, we demonstrate time course infections of HeLa cells with Vaccinia virus and sampling RNA at several time points post-infection. Both host and viral total RNA is isolated and amplified for hybridization to microarrays for analysis of gene expression.
Morphology, Optical and AC Electrical Properties of Copper Phthalocyanine Thin Films (2014)

AC electrical properties of sandwich devices composed of thermally evaporated thin lms of copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) with aluminum and gold electrodes (Al/CuPc/Au) are investigated over frequency (f ) range of 10 2 10 5 Hz and temperature range of 293453 K. Morphology of the samples was studied via eld emission scanning electron microscope images and X-ray diraction micrographs. The X-ray diraction micrograph indicates the conguration of -CuPc with the (510) plane as the preferred orientation. UVVis absorption spectrum was analyzed and the optical band-gap energy of CuPc thin lm was determined to be 2.81 0.01 eV. Capacitance increased with increasing temperature especially for f = 10 2 Hz. Loss factor decreased considerably with increasing frequency to a minimum value at about f = 10 4 Hz and increased afterwards. Capacitance is generally independent of frequency for T 413 K; however it decreases remarkably with increasing frequency for T > 413 K. The conductivity increases quite noticeably with increasing frequency particularly for T 413 K. The AC electrical characteristics are in good agreement with Goswami and Goswami model. According to our data, at high temperatures, the band theory is applicable in describing the conduction process, whereas hopping mechanism is dominant at low temperatures.
Prevention of Red Scale Formation during Hot Rolling of Steels. (1995)

Redscale defects usually observed in high Si hot rolled strip were reproduced in a laboratory 3 stand tandem mill. The effects of hot rolling and descaling conditions on the strip surface color and scale structure were examined. lrrespective of Si content in steel. the hot rolled strip surface becamered when the scale thickness before rolling was above 20,tm and the rolling temperature was below 900'C. It was found that surface part of the scale (mainly FeO) was broken to powderby hot rolling at the temperature below 900"C. The red scale of Fe.O, was formed by the oxidation of powderedscale during cooling. Thick scale formed during slab soaking was completely removed by hydraulic descaling before rolling in low Si steel, whereas that was not removed in high Si steel. This remained scale caused the red sca]e defects after rolling and cooling. The application of obtained results to the hot strip mill production of red scaleless strip was discussed.
A randomised, double-blind study of polyethylene glycol 4000 and lactulose in the treatment of constipation in children (2014)

US National Institute of Health Clinical Trials database; study NCT00255372 first registered 17th November 2005.
On Exploring Design Elements in Assistive Serious Games for Parkinson’s Disease Patients: The i-PROGNOSIS Exergames Paradigm (2018)

Serious Games (SGs) design couples learning design with game logic. Moreover, it can result in SGs with beneficial effects in sustaining and/or improving the (physical, cognitive) functionality in older adults. In this vein, the design elements in assistive SGs for Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients are explored here. The Game-Based Learning (GBL) design framework is adopted and its main game-design parameters are combined in a test case of Exergames design, drawn from the i-PROGNOSIS Personalized Game Suite (http://www.i-prognosis.eu). Data from a GBL-related Web-survey, completed by 104 participants, were subjected to linear regression analysis, so to identify an adapted GBL framework with the most significant game-design parameters, which efficiently predict the transferability of the Exergames beneficial effect to real-life, addressing functional PD symptoms. The findings of the proposed analysis can assist game designers to focus on the use of significant parameters during the designing process of Exergames for PD patients and maximize the positive effect of the SGs in their quality of daily life.
Penetrating Nanoelectrodes for Stimulation of Cells (2017)

This paper reports on the development of two penetratingnanoelectrode geometries, namely nanopillars and nanofins, tointerface with cells. Electrical stimuli can be delivered via thesepenetrating nanoelectrodes to stimulate of cells, including AdiposeDerived Stem Cells (ADSCs). This approach enables thedevelopment of a clinical translation friendly methodology todifferentiate ADSCs into neuronal lineage that is free ofconventional growth factors, genetic manipulators, cytokines orother chemical reagents. The paper also reports on the timedynamics of cell penetration process using nanoelectrodes.
The Cu I and Zn I-like spectra of Pr, Eu, Gd, Dy and Yb emitted by a tokamak plasma in the 50-200 A range (1988)

Spectra of rare earth elements, praseodymium, europium, gadolinium, dysprosium and ytterbium (Z=59 to Z=70) have been recorded from a high temperature (Te=1-1 .4 keV) - low density (ne =1013cm-3) tokamak plasma, in the 50-200 Å range. The absolute brightnesses of the lines originating in 4-4 transitions of Cu I and Zn I-like ions of the above mentioned elements have been measured by means of a photometrically calibrated grazing incidence spectrometer. Newly identified Cu I-like, 4s 2S1/2 -4p 2P1/2 transitions in Pr3 0+, Eu3 4+ , Gd3 5+ , Dy3 7+ and Yb4 1 , and intercombination transitions 4s2 1So-4s4p 3P1 in the Zn I-like ions of the mentioned elements are presented. The identifications are based on interpolation of previous experimental results, ab initio energy level computations using the RELAC code and are substantiated by the time histories of individual spectral lines. The experimental line intensities of the Cu Iand Zn I-like ions are compared with those predicted by a collisional-radiative model under the conditions of the tokamak plasma.