gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrocooling Vegetables: A Practical Guide to Predicting Final Temperatures and Cooling Times (1963)

Excerpts from the report: Hydrocooling, the removal of field heat from fruits and vegetables by cold water, was used for vegetables in Florida in about 1923, and was introduced into California in about 1933. Although hydrocooling has been used for many years, much of the technical information available about the rate of cooling applies primarily to cooling that can be expected under only one or two specific sets of conditions of initial commodity temperature, water temperature, and duration of cooling. Information is limited on the amount of cooling that can be expected for specific commodities hydrocooled under various conditions of initial commodity temperature, water temperature, and exposure time. The primary purpose of this paper is to provide information that will permit accurate predictions of final commodity temperatures when produce having various initial temperatures is hydrocooled in water of various temperatures for various lengths of time and under various exposures, and to present this information so that it will be easy to use. Data are presented for globe artichokes, asparagus, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cantaloups, carrots, cauliflower, celery, sweet corn, peas, potatoes, radishes, and tomatoes.
Androgens Accelerate Thymocyte Apoptosis (1998)

Mechanisms of androgen-induced thymic involution are largely undefined. We have found that significant decreases in thymic size occur 2–4 h after a dose of testosterone is administered to castrated male mice. This rapid rate of change suggests a role for androgen-induced apoptosis in modulating the size and composition of the thymus. Using thymic organ cultures to define these effects of androgens, we found that dihydrotestosterone treatment of thymus tissues from females or from castrated males results in enhancement of thymocyte apoptosis. Intact (androgen-replete) or testicular feminization, Tfm/Y (androgen-resistant) mice failed to show apoptotic change with androgen treatment, although the apoptotic response to glucocorticoids was present, suggesting a requirement for a functional androgen receptor. Acceleration of thymocyte apoptosis by androgens may mediate processes of thymocyte selection, with the potential to impart gender-specific characteristics on the peripheral T cell repertoire.
Other Institutions and Bodies of the Union (2021)

Abstract This chapter addresses the three other institutions of the European Union: the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), the European Central Bank (ECB), and the Court of Auditors. The CJEU consists of two independent courts: the Court of Justice and the General Court. It ensures that in the interpretation and application of the Treaties the law is observed (Article 19(1), first subpara., TEU). Meanwhile, the ECB conducts the monetary policy of the Union together with the national central banks of the Member States which adopted the euro as their currency; together they form the 'Eurosystem' (Article 282(1) TFEU). Finally, the European Court of Auditors examines the accounts of all revenue and expenditure of the Union. The institutional framework of the Union consists of a range of other bodies, offices, and agencies, some of which having legal personality. The political institutions are assisted by advisory committees, such as the Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions (Article 13(4) TFEU). Moreover, the European Investment Bank fulfils its tasks as an independent legal person. After discussing the European Ombudsman, who also acts independently (Article 288 TFEU), the chapter presents the other Union bodies, offices, and agencies.
Eine konvergente Strategie zur asymmetrischen Synthese enantiomerenreiner Bicyclen über eine siliciumgesteuerte Cycloaddition: Synthese von enantiomerenreinem Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-on (1999)

Eine asymmetrische Allylmetallierung und eine anschließende siliciumgesteuerte stereoselektive Cycloaddition liefern enantiomerenreine bicyclische Verbindungen. Die Synthese von enantiomerenreinem 1 (siehe Schema) in 65–74 % Ausbeute mit 93 % ee und >98 % de untermauert die Effizienz dieser Methode. Daß 1 gegenüber seinem Diastereomer im Cycloadditionsschritt deutlich bevorzugt gebildet wird (32:1), stimmt mit den Ergebnissen von RHF- und Dichtefunktionaltheorie-Untersuchungen überein.
Errata to: Geometric Optics of Thermal Blooming in Gases Part 1 (1972)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text P. V. Avizonis, C. B. Hogge, R. R. Butts, and J. R. Kenemuth, "Errata to: Geometric Optics of Thermal Blooming in Gases. Part 1," Appl. Opt. 11, 2105-2105 (1972) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Endothelins (1990)

The endothelins (ETs) are a family of newly discovered peptides with potent vasoconstrictor properties. They were first discovered in cultured endothelial cells but ET expression has since been found in many other tissues such as brain and kidney. They are peptides with 21 amino acids formed by hydrolytic cleavage of a larger peptide, big ET. Release of ETs from cultured endothelial cells is modulated by a variety of chemical and physical stimuli and as no storage sites have been identified it is suggested that endothelin release is regulated at the level of transcription or translation. Both big ET and ET-1 are found circulating in the blood. The levels are elevated in shock, myocardial infarction and kidney failure indicative of enhanced formation in these diseases. The literature now abounds with reports on actions of the ETs in vitro and in vivo. The vasoconstrictor properties are powerful and long-lasting. Several studies also show a mitogenic effect, indicating a possible trophic role. It is likely that in the next few years the development of inhibitors of endothelin synthesis and/or action will be of importance in unravelling the role of the ETs.
Efficient 2.5D Hand Pose Estimation via Auxiliary Multi-Task Training for Embedded Devices (2019)

2D Key-point estimation is an important precursor to 3D pose estimation problems for human body and hands. In this work, we discuss the data, architecture, and training procedure necessary to deploy extremely efficient 2.5D hand pose estimation on embedded devices with highly constrained memory and compute envelope, such as AR/VR wearables. Our 2.5D hand pose estimation consists of 2D key-point estimation of joint positions on an egocentric image, captured by a depth sensor, and lifted to 2.5D using the corresponding depth values. Our contributions are two fold: (a) We discuss data labeling and augmentation strategies, the modules in the network architecture that collectively lead to $3\%$ the flop count and $2\%$ the number of parameters when compared to the state of the art MobileNetV2 architecture. (b) We propose an auxiliary multi-task training strategy needed to compensate for the small capacity of the network while achieving comparable performance to MobileNetV2. Our 32-bit trained model has a memory footprint of less than 300 Kilobytes, operates at more than 50 Hz with less than 35 MFLOPs.
Possible Intrinsic adjuvanticity of the Amb a 1 (Ambrosia artemisiifolia :Ragweed) allergen (2012)

Amb a 1 is the major allergen found in ragweed. Our observations have suggested that Amb a 1 may bind lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which would likely contribute to the allergenicity of Amb a 1. In order to assess whether Amb a 1 can bind LPS, peptide sequences from Amb a 1 were assayed for their ability to bind to LPS using an ELISA based LPS binding assay. A 15 amino acid sequence in the β- chain of Amb a 1 demonstrated affinity for biotin labeled <em>E. coli </em>LPS. The sequence also bound to <em>P.</em> <em>aeruginosa</em> LPS, which is structurally disparate in the lipid A region, indicating that the sequence has flexibility in recognizing different lipid A moieties, or that the binding site may not include the lipid A portion of the LPS molecule. An IL-10 ELISA was also used to determine whether the LPS bound to the peptides induced an immunological response in leukocytes. Peptides containing the LPS-binding sequence were able to bind to LPS and induce IL-10 production, suggesting the interaction between Amb a 1 and LPS may have immunological consequences. We have identified a sequence within the major ragweed allergen Amb a 1 that has the potential to bind to LPS. This indicates that the allergen may provide its own adjuvant when encountered by the immune system, leading to an enhanced immunological response to an otherwise innocuous environmental protein.
Intra-operative conversion is a cause of masked mortality in off-pump coronary artery bypass: a meta-analysis (2011)

Coronary artery bypass surgery can offer excellent results when performed with cardiopulmonary bypass (on pump) or without cardiopulmonary bypass (off pump). The debate as to which technique is superior remains unanswered. Intra-operative conversion from off- to on-pump coronary surgery is a relatively unexplored phenomenon, which cannot be assessed within randomised controlled trial design. We aimed to assess the effect of off-pump conversion on patient mortality. Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Google Scholar databases were systematically reviewed for studies published between 1980 and 2010 that compared the incidence of mortality between converted and non-converted off-pump patients. Publication bias and heterogeneity were assessed and data were extracted independently by multiple observers. We undertook a meta-analysis of these studies using random effects modelling. A total of 17 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria, containing data for 18,870 off-pump coronary artery bypass operations spanning a decade (1998-2008), involving 920 cases of conversion. Overall, conversion increased mortality by an odds ratio of 6.18 (95% confidence interval 4.65-8.20), whereas emergency conversion further raised the odds ratio of mortality to 6.99 (95% confidence interval 5.18-9.45). The conversion from off- to on-pump cardiac surgery may significantly increase the chance of an adverse outcome, whereas emergency conversion confers a significant rise in mortality. The risk of conversion should be discussed when obtaining the patient's informed consent and its prevention warrants serious consideration by cardiac surgeons and cardiac surgical training programmes.
LBSlib als Open Source Modell für Jedermann (2015)

Mit LBS steht in Deutschland und Europa erstmals weltweit ein elektronisches Kommunikationssystem für die mobile Landtechnik zur Verfügung. Umsetzungen zeigen in der Praxis häufig Kompatibilitätsprobleme aufgrund unterschiedlicher Auslegung der Norm oder eigenständiger Interpretation und Erweiterung. Diese Schwierigkeiten könnten mit der geschaffenen LBS-Bibliothek LBSlib beseitigt werden, welche in einem Open Source Modell für jedermann kostenfrei nutzbar ist. Erste Anwendungen haben die einfache Nutzung und die zuverlässige Arbeit mit dem entwickelten System bestätigt.
A system for generating and injecting indistinguishable network decoys (2012)

We propose a novel trap-based architecture for detecting passive, “silent”, attackers who are eavesdropping on enterprise networks. Motivated by the increasing number of incidents where attackers sniff the local network for interesting information, such as credit card numbers, account credentials, and passwords, we introduce a methodology for building a trap-based network that is designed to maximize the realism of bait-laced traffic. Our proposal relies on a “record, modify, replay” paradigm that can be easily adapted to different networked environments. The primary contributions of our architecture are the ease of automatically injecting large amounts of believable bait, and the integration of different detection mechanisms in the back-end. We demonstrate our methodology in a prototype platform that uses our decoy injection API to dynamically create and dispense network traps on a subset of our campus wireless network. Our network traps consist of several types of monitored passwords, authentication cookies, credit cards and documents containing beacons to alarm when opened. The efficacy of our decoys against a model attack program is also discussed, along with results obtained from experiments in the field. In addition, we present a user study that demonstrates the believability of our decoy traffic, and finally, we provide experimental results to show that our solution causes only negligible interference to ordinary users.
Throughput-Optimized Opportunistic Scheduling for Rate-Guaranteed and Best-Effort Users in Wireless Networks (2009)

We study opportunistic scheduling algorithms in a wireless network with a central base station communicating with multiple users on a single shared channel using time division multiple access. We assume the coexistence of both rate guaranteed (RG) users and best effort (BE) users in the system. A RG user asks for a specific transmission rate and the system should provision the exact amount being asked. In this paper, we present an optimal opportunistic scheduler that maximizes the system throughput. An analytical model is constructed to evaluate its performance in a homogenous system. Closed form solutions for channel access delay, worst case delay and system throughput are derived. Extensive simulations in both homogeneous and heterogeneous systems are conducted to verify the effectiveness of our scheduler.
Single Shot Digital Holography Using Iterative Reconstruction with\n Alternating Updates of Amplitude and Phase (2016)

We present an image recovery approach to improve amplitude and phase\nreconstruction from single shot digital holograms, using iterative\nreconstruction with alternating updates. This approach allows the flexibility\nto apply different priors to amplitude and phase, improves phase reconstruction\nin image areas with low amplitudes, and does not require phase unwrapping for\nregularization. Phantom simulations and experimental measurements of a grating\nsample both demonstrate that the proposed method helps to reduce noise and\nresolve finer features. The improved image reconstruction from this technique\nwill benefit the many applications of digital holography.\n
Cytokines and Lipid Mediators of Inflammation in Lungs of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Mice (2022)

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is the clinical manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. A hallmark of COVID-19 is a lung inflammation characterized by an abundant leukocyte infiltrate, elevated levels of cytokines/chemokines, lipid mediators of inflammation (LMI) and microthrombotic events. Animal models are useful for understanding the pathophysiological events leading to COVID-19. One such animal model is the K18-ACE2 transgenic mice. Despite their importance in inflammation, the study of LMI in lung of SARS-CoV-2 infected K18-ACE2 mice has yet to be studied to our knowledge. Using tandem mass spectrometry, the lung lipidome at different time points of infection was analyzed. Significantly increased LMI included <i>N</i>-oleoyl-serine, <i>N</i>-linoleoyl-glycine, <i>N</i>-oleoyl-alanine, 1/2-linoleoyl-glycerol, 1/2-docosahexaenoyl-glycerol and 12-hydroxy-eicosapenatenoic acid. The levels of prostaglandin (PG) E<sub>1</sub>, PGF<sub>2α</sub>, stearoyl-ethanolamide and linoleoyl-ethanolamide were found to be significantly reduced relative to mock-infected mice. Other LMI were present at similar levels (or undetected) in both uninfected and infected mouse lungs. In parallel to LMI measures, transcriptomic and cytokine/chemokine profiling were performed. Viral replication was robust with maximal lung viral loads detected on days 2-3 post-infection. Lung histology revealed leukocyte infiltration starting on day 3 post-infection, which correlated with the presence of high concentrations of several chemokines/cytokines. At early times post-infection, the plasma of infected mice contained highly elevated concentration of D-dimers suggestive of blood clot formation/dissolution. In support, the presence of blood clots in the lung vasculature was observed during infection. RNA-Seq analysis of lung tissues indicate that SARS-CoV-2 infection results in the progressive modulation of several hundred genes, including several inflammatory mediators and genes related to the interferons. Analysis of the lung lipidome indicated modest, yet significant modulation of a minority of lipids. In summary, our study suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection in humans and mice share common features, such as elevated levels of chemokines in lungs, leukocyte infiltration and increased levels of circulating D-dimers. However, the K18-ACE2 mouse model highlight major differences in terms of LMI being produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. The potential reasons and impact of these differences on the pathology and therapeutic strategies to be employed to treat severe COVID-19 are discussed.
Bilateral Posterior Hip Dislocations with Femoral Head Fractures (1989)

An unusual case of bilateral posterior fracture-dislocation of the hip (Pipkin Type IV) occurred in a 63-year-old man with Paget's disease of the pelvis. Other injuries included a displaced humeral shaft fracture and patellar ligament disruption. Bilateral cemented total hip arthroplasty was performed to avoid the need for prolonged immobilization. Postoperative low-dose irradiation was used because of the risk of heterotopic ossification.
Adiponectin, Metabolic Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Events among Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (2002)

Adiponectin (ADPN), which is a secretory protein of adipose tissue, attenuates endothelial inflammatory responses in vitro. Among human subjects, plasma ADPN concentrations are reduced among patients with atherosclerotic complications but are substantially increased among patients with advanced renal failure. The clinical and biochemical correlates of plasma ADPN levels were investigated and the predictive power of ADPN levels with respect to survival rates and cardiovascular events was prospectively tested in a cohort of 227 hemodialysis patients, who were monitored for 31 +/- 13 mo. Plasma ADPN levels were 2.5 times higher (P < 0.0001) among dialysis patients (15.0 +/- 7.7 microg/ml) than among healthy subjects (6.3 +/- 2.0 microg/ml), were independent of age, and were higher (P = 0.03) among women (15.2 +/- 7.9 microg/ml) than among men (14.0 +/- 7.4 microg/ml). For both genders, plasma ADPN levels were inversely related to body mass index values, plasma leptin levels, insulin levels, serum triglyceride levels, and homeostatic model assessment index values. Furthermore, plasma ADPN levels were directly related to HDL cholesterol levels and inversely related to von Willebrand factor levels. Plasma ADPN levels were lower (P < 0.05) among patients who experienced new cardiovascular events (13.7 +/- 7.3 microg/ml) than among event-free patients (15.8 +/- 7.8 microg/ml). There was a 3% risk reduction for each 1 microg/ml increase in plasma ADPN levels, and the relative risk of adverse cardiovascular events was 1.56 times (95% confidence interval, 1.12 to 1.99 times) higher among patients in the first ADPN tertile, compared with those in the third tertile. Plasma ADPN levels are an inverse predictor of cardiovascular outcomes among patients with end-stage renal disease. Furthermore, ADPN is related to several metabolic risk factors in a manner consistent with the hypothesis that this protein acts as a protective factor for the cardiovascular system.
Survival of the biological control agentCandida sakeCPA-1 on grapes under the influence of abiotic factors (2014)

This research provides new information on the survival of C. sake under field conditions and its practical implications for recommending timing of spray with this antagonist. Our results could be useful for other yeast antagonists applied before harvest. This work, for the first time, defines population dynamics of a yeast BCA using simulated rainfall.
Neurofilament light level correlates with brain atrophy, and cognitive and motor performance (2023)

NfL was strongly related to global gray matter and hippocampal atrophy, but not to WMH severity. NfL was also associated with motor performance. Our results suggest that NfL is independently associated with brain atrophy and functional mobility, but is not a reliable marker for cerebral small vessel disease.
The iSLIP scheduling algorithm for input-queued switches (1999)

An increasing number of high performance internetworking protocol routers, LAN and asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches use a switched backplane based on a crossbar switch. Most often, these systems use input queues to hold packets waiting to traverse the switching fabric. It is well known that if simple first in first out (FIFO) input queues are used to hold packets then, even under benign conditions, head-of-line (HOL) blocking limits the achievable bandwidth to approximately 58.6% of the maximum. HOL blocking can be overcome by the use of virtual output queueing, which is described in this paper. A scheduling algorithm is used to configure the crossbar switch, deciding the order in which packets will be served. Previous results have shown that with a suitable scheduling algorithm, 100% throughput can be achieved. In this paper, we present a scheduling algorithm called iSLIP. An iterative, round-robin algorithm, iSLIP can achieve 100% throughput for uniform traffic, yet is simple to implement in hardware. Iterative and noniterative versions of the algorithms are presented, along with modified versions for prioritized traffic. Simulation results are presented to indicate the performance of iSLIP under benign and bursty traffic conditions. Prototype and commercial implementations of iSLIP exist in systems with aggregate bandwidths ranging from 50 to 500 Gb/s. When the traffic is nonuniform, iSLIP quickly adapts to a fair scheduling policy that is guaranteed never to starve an input queue. Finally, we describe the implementation complexity of iSLIP. Based on a two-dimensional (2-D) array of priority encoders, single-chip schedulers have been built supporting up to 32 ports, and making approximately 100 million scheduling decisions per second.