gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High doses of melatonin confer abiotic stress tolerance to phytopathogenic fungi grown in vitro (2020)

Melatonin is a secondary metabolite produced in all domains of life. Exogenous melatonin triggers defence mechanisms in plants that enhance abiotic stress tolerance. However, knowledge regarding the role of melatonin as a signal or an antioxidant in microbes is lacking. We investigated the in vitro growth responses of three phytopathogenic fungi, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. vasinfectum, to abiotic stress (2.5% ethanol with/without cold priming) under varying concentrations of melatonin. Melatonin at high concentrations (1000 – 2000 µM) partially restored fungal growth under stress, compared to controls, suggesting a role for melatonin in alleviating the impacts of stress exposure. Understanding how melatonin impacts fungal growth during stress conditions will be important for future applications using melatonin as a tool for crop protection.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Cephanolides B and C via a Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Cyclization and Late-Stage sp3 C–H Bond Oxidation (2018)

Herein, we report the first total syntheses of complex cephalotaxus diterpenoids cephanolide B and C from commercially available 5-bromo-2-methylanisole. Key to the success of this synthetic route is a palladium-catalyzed cascade cyclization reaction, which allowed us to efficiently forge the 6-5-6 cis-fused tricyclic ring systems found in the entire family of cephalotaxus diterpenoids. Additionally, site-selective late-stage sp<sup>3</sup> C-H bond oxidation served as a key strategic element in the chemical synthesis of cephanolide C.
Effective Parallelization of Stochastic Evolution (2007)

The paper discusses the parallelization of Stochastic Evolution metaheuristic, identifying effective parallel strategies for a distributed parallel environment. Multiobjective VLSI cell placement is used as the optimization problem. A comprehensive set of parallelization approaches are tested and an effective strategy is identified in terms of two underlying principles: effective workload division and the effect of parallelization on metaheuristic’s search intelligence. The strategies are compared with another similar evolutionary metaheuristic called Simulated Evolution and the interrelation between effective parallelization and algorithm’s intelligence is highlighted using effective parallelization of stochastic evolution, the parallelized version of which has not been presented before.
Interactive System for Similarity-Based Inspection and Assessment of the Well-Being of mHealth Users (2021)

Recent digitization technologies empower mHealth users to conveniently record their Ecological Momentary Assessments (EMA) through web applications, smartphones, and wearable devices. These recordings can help clinicians understand how the users' condition changes, but appropriate learning and visualization mechanisms are required for this purpose. We propose a web-based visual analytics tool, which processes clinical data as well as EMAs that were recorded through a mHealth application. The goals we pursue are (1) to predict the condition of the user in the near and the far future, while also identifying the clinical data that mostly contribute to EMA predictions, (2) to identify users with outlier EMA, and (3) to show to what extent the EMAs of a user are in line with or diverge from those users similar to him/her. We report our findings based on a pilot study on patient empowerment, involving tinnitus patients who recorded EMAs with the mHealth app TinnitusTips. To validate our method, we also derived synthetic data from the same pilot study. Based on this setting, results for different use cases are reported.
Eye Tear Activated Mg‐Air Battery Driven by Natural Eye Blinking for Smart Contact Lenses (2022)

Abstract A sliding electrolyte metal‐air microbattery driven by natural eye blinking motion is demonstrated as a source of electrical energy that can be integrated with smart contact lens platforms. The metal‐air battery (footprint 10 mm 2 ) consists of a Mg anode and a Pt cathode, patterned on an insulating substrate and the battery electrolyte is a film of eye‐tear fluid that is periodically dragged on top of the electrodes during the natural eye‐blinking cycle, which activates the battery. When tested with an eye emulator, the open‐circuit voltage across the eye‐tear activated metal‐air battery (ETMAB) is 2.2 V. Impedance matching analysis reveals a maximum battery‐specific capacity of 3561 mAh g –1 obtained at a discharge current density of 5 mA cm –2 . The blinking activated battery exhibits the maximum generated power density of 1.3 mW cm –2 at the load of 740 Ω. The blinking ETMAB delivers eight times higher energy output and more than three times longer lifetime than achievable with static ETMAB designs.
Defect characterization in graphene and carbon nanotubes using Raman spectroscopy (2010)

This review discusses advances that have been made in the study of defect-induced double-resonance processes in nanographite, graphene and carbon nanotubes, mostly coming from combining Raman spectroscopic experiments with microscopy studies and from the development of new theoretical models. The disorder-induced peak frequencies and intensities are discussed, with particular emphasis given to how the disorder-induced features evolve with increasing amounts of disorder. We address here two systems, ion-bombarded graphene and nanographite, where disorder is represented by point defects and boundaries, respectively. Raman spectroscopy is used to study the 'atomic structure' of the defect, making it possible, for example, to distinguish between zigzag and armchair edges, based on selection rules of phonon scattering. Finally, a different concept is discussed, involving the effect that defects have on the lineshape of Raman-allowed peaks, owing to local electron and phonon energy renormalization. Such effects can be observed by near-field optical measurements on the G' feature for doped single-walled carbon nanotubes.
Texture and Evolution of Recrystallization in Low Carbon Steel Wire (2006)

The effect of cold wire drawing on texture of industrial low carbon steel wire was investigated. On the other hand, the mechanism of recrystallization of drawn-wire was studied during different isothermal annealing below 723 °C. The structural evolution of wire was studied by optical microscopy, SEM, EBSD and X-Ray diffraction. From this study, a fiber texture was observed in deformed wire. However, a recrystallization reaction occurs after critical temperature during annealing.
A can of worms (1990)

The Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London held on 13 March 1990 consisted of three reports on different aspects of the biology of schistosomes, with particular emphasis on the interactions of schistosomes with their hosts and schistosomes with other schistosomes.
Current Distribution at the Rotating Ring-Disk Electrode (1972)

The digital simulation method is used to calculate the current densities at both the ring and disk surfaces of a ring‐disk electrode when the two surfaces are at the same potential. Simulated and experimental results show that the current density at the ring is nonuniform and measurably different from that at the disk electrode, even if the current density at the disk is assumed to be uniform. In addition, a technique is presented which allows the determination of the simulation representations of the electrode radii from experimental data.
Single-Image Super Resolution Using Convolutional Neural Network (2021)

Increasing threats to U.S. national security satellite constellations have resulted in an increased interest in constellation resilience and satellite redundancy. CubeSats have contributed to commercial, scientific and government applications in remote sensing, communications, navigation and research and have the potential to enhance satellite constellation resilience. However, the inherent size, weight and power limitations of CubeSats enforce constraints on imaging hardware; the small lenses and short focal lengths result in imagery with low spatial resolution. Low resolution limits the utility of CubeSat images for military planning purposes and national intelligence applications. This paper implements a super-resolution deep learning architecture and proposes potential applications to CubeSat imagery.
New Techniques for Noninteractive Zero-Knowledge (2012)

Noninteractive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proof systems are fundamental primitives used in many cryptographic constructions, including public-key encryption secure against chosen ciphertext attack, digital signatures, and various other cryptographic protocols. We introduce new techniques for constructing NIZK proofs based on groups with a bilinear map. Compared to previous constructions of NIZK proofs, our techniques yield dramatic reduction in the length of the common reference string (proportional to security parameter) and the size of the proofs (proportional to security parameter times the circuit size). Our novel techniques allow us to answer several long-standing open questions in the theory of noninteractive proofs. We construct the first perfect NIZK argument system for all NP. We construct the first universally composable NIZK argument for all NP in the presence of an adaptive adversary. We construct a non-interactive zap for all NP, which is the first that is based on a standard cryptographic security assumption.
ABCs of Perinatal Medicine (1978)

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the continuum of perinatal risks responsible for developmental handicaps in infancy. The first step is the Assessment of risks during pregnancy so that intervention can occur naturally in the process of preventive health care. A valid risk-assessment system has been developed which can facilitate identification of the high-risk pregnancy. New methods of perinatal care during the Birth process are now available which allow active intervention aimed at reducing the likelihood of a high-risk patient delivering an infant destined to become handicapped. During the neonatal period Critical care has been shown to reduce morbidity and mortality. However, the perinatal profile of the handicap is not yet complete enough to fully explain developmental delay. A new health care strategy based on prospective risk assessment and early intervention must now be seriously considered which will allow technological medicine to continue to improve well-being.
THE IMPACT OF COGNITIVE DISTRACTION ON DRIVER VISUAL BEHAVIOUR AND VEHICLE CONTROL (2002)

Driver distraction and inattention are important driving safety issues. As the use of in-vehicle technologies becomes more popular, there is concern about a concomitant increase in driver distraction arising from their use. The introduction of hands-free devices is intended to reduce distraction due to manual operation of these units. However, a major part of the distraction associated with their use may arise from the cognitive consequences of their use, and not from the manual manipulation of the devices. In the present study, the impact of cognitive distraction on drivers' behavior was investigated in an on-road experiment. Twenty-one drivers' drove an 8 km city route while carrying out tasks varying in cognitive complexity. Each driver drove the route under three task conditions: while performing difficult addition problems (e.g., 47+38), while performing easy addition problems (e.g. 6+9), and with no additional task. The addition questions and the participants' responses were communicated via a fully hands-free cell phone so that the participants did not have to look away from the road to manually operate the phone. Visual scanning patterns were recorded using eye tracking equipment, measures of vehicle control (braking/longitudinal deceleration) were obtained using the MicroDAS system, and drivers' subjective evaluations of workload (NASA TLX), safety and distraction were obtained through questionnaires. An examination of drivers' visual behavior revealed that, under conditions of increased cognitive load, they made fewer saccades, spent more time looking centrally and spent less time looking to the right periphery. Less time was spent checking instruments and the rear view mirror. Many drivers changed their inspection patterns of the forward view when performing the most demanding tasks. Marked individual differences were observed in these patterns of change. Performing the additional tasks while driving resulted in more incidents of hard braking while driving. The increase in cognitive load induced by the addition questions was reflected in drivers' increased ratings of workload and distraction as well as reduced ratings of driving safety. The results of this study indicate that even when in-vehicle devices are hands-free, significant changes in driver behavior may result due to the cognitive distraction associated with their use. The study recommends public education, as well as continuing research to determine the need for regulating original equipment.
Caracterização e desempenho de um filme de carbono amorfo hidrogenado tipo diamante (a-C:H) dopado com silício, aplicado em camisa de cilindro de motor à combustão interna (2012)

\n Nas últimas décadas, questões sobre o controle de emissões em motores à combustão interna e sobre a redução de consumo de combustível vêm sendo debatidas globalmente, com claros desdobramentos em especificações de controles mais restritos, a fim de permitir a comercialização de novos motores à combustão interna a consumidores mais exigentes, que presam pela qualidade de vida e meio ambiente. Mesmo com a introdução de novas tecnologias, os motores ainda apresentam uma grande perda da energia gerada por conta do atrito mecânico. Com base neste contexto, os projetos dos novos motores visam uma melhor eficiência térmica e mecânica, com auxílio de soluções de engenharia que possam beneficiar o desempenho dos motores, resultando em uma melhor queima do combustível e menor atrito. Um dos contribuintes mais relevantes para o atrito num motor é o sistema pistão-anel de pistão-camisa de cilindro que é o foco de muitos trabalhos em busca da redução das perdas por atrito. As propriedades dos filmes à base de carbono tipo diamante (Diamond-Like Carbon - DLC) são bem conhecidas por apresentam alta resistência ao desgaste e baixo coeficiente de atrito, tornando-se adequados para diferentes aplicações tribológicas. O presente trabalho discute a viabilidade técnica de se aplicar um filme DLC amorfo hidrogenado, com gradiente de composição química, sobre a superfície interna brunida de camisas de cilindro para redução do atrito. A metodologia aborda duas espessuras de filme: 2,5 e 12,5 &amp;mu;m, depositadas pelo processo de deposição química em fase vapor assistida por plasma (PACVD), como alternativa para redução do atrito do motor e, consequentemente, redução no consumo específico de combustível, e ainda na redução do desgaste dos anéis de pistão e da superfície de trabalho da camisa de cilindro. Comparando camisas de cilindro com mesma rugosidade na superfície interna, denominadas camisas de referência (sem revestimento interno) e camisas recobertas com filme DLC, testes de bancada com movimento recíproco de contato mostraram redução do coeficiente de atrito (COF) em até 19%. Testes de motor ciclo Otto e Diesel em banco de prova com dinamômetro conferiram, respectivamente, uma redução da pressão média efetiva de atrito (FMEP) do motor em até 12% e consumo específico de combustível (BSFC) em até 2,5% em rotações de 1000 a 1400 rpm.\n
Diffusion-based Reinforcement Learning for Edge-enabled AI-Generated Content Services (2023)

As Metaverse emerges as the next-generation Internet paradigm, the ability to efficiently generate content is paramount. AIGenerated Content (AIGC) emerges as a key solution, yet the resource intensive nature of large Generative AI (GAI) models presents challenges. To address this issue, we introduce an AIGC-as-a-Service (AaaS) architecture, which deploys AIGC models in wireless edge networks to ensure broad AIGC services accessibility for Metaverse users. Nonetheless, an important aspect of providing personalized user experiences requires carefully selecting AIGC Service Providers (ASPs) capable of effectively executing user tasks, which is complicated by environmental uncertainty and variability. Addressing this gap in current research, we introduce the AI-Generated Optimal Decision (AGOD) algorithm, a diffusion model-based approach for generating the optimal ASP selection decisions. Integrating AGOD with Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL), we develop the Deep Diffusion Soft Actor-Critic (D2SAC) algorithm, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of ASP selection. Our comprehensive experiments demonstrate that D2SAC outperforms seven leading DRL algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed AGOD algorithm has the potential for extension to various optimization problems in wireless networks, positioning it as a promising approach for future research on AIGC-driven services. The implementation of our proposed method is available at: https://github.com/Lizonghang/AGOD.
Megapixel adaptive optics (2018)

Adaptive optics has become a valuable tool for correcting minor optical aberrations in applications such as astronomy and microscopy. However, due to the limited resolution of both the wavefront sensing and the wavefront correction hardware, it has so far not been feasible to use adaptive optics for correcting large-scale waveform deformations that occur naturally in regular photography and other imaging applications. In this work, we demonstrate an adaptive optics system for regular cameras. We achieve a significant improvement in focus for large wavefront distortions by improving upon a recently developed high resolution coded wavefront sensor, and combining it with a spatial phase modulator to create a megapixel adaptive optics system with unprecedented capability to sense and correct large distortions.
Epitaxial Growth of LiNbO3 Films on Sapphire Substrates by Excimer Laser Ablation Method and Their Surface Acoustic Wave Properties (1993)

Epitaxial films of LiNbO 3 have been formed on (001), (110) and (012) sapphire substrates using an excimer-laser ablation technique. The orientation relationships are LiNbO 3 (001)//sapphire(001), LiNbO 3 (001)//sapphire(110) and LiNbO 3 (100)//sapphire(012). LiNbO 3 (110) is also obtained on (110) sapphire under the fast-deposition condition. We have fabricated surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters on the LiNbO 3 films and evaluated the properties.
Inhibitory role for GABA in autoimmune inflammation (2010)

GABA, the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, has a parallel inhibitory role in the immune system. We demonstrate that immune cells synthesize GABA and have the machinery for GABA catabolism. Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) express functional GABA receptors and respond electrophysiologically to GABA. Thus, the immune system harbors all of the necessary constituents for GABA signaling, and GABA itself may function as a paracrine or autocrine factor. These observations led us to ask further whether manipulation of the GABA pathway influences an animal model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Increasing GABAergic activity ameliorates ongoing paralysis in EAE via inhibition of inflammation. GABAergic agents act directly on APCs, decreasing MAPK signals and diminishing subsequent adaptive inflammatory responses to myelin proteins.
Augmented Statistical Models for Speech Recognition (2006)

Recently there has been significant interest in developing new acoustic models for speech recognition. One such model, that allows complex dependencies to be represented, is the augmented statistical model. This incorporates additional dependencies by constructing a local exponential expansion of a standard HMM. Unfortunately, the resulting model often has an intractable normalisation term, rendering training difficult for all but binary classification tasks. In this paper, conditional augmented (C-Aug) models are proposed as an attractive alternative. Instead of modelling utterance likelihoods and inferring decision boundaries, C-Aug models directly model the posterior probability of class labels, conditioned on the utterance. The resulting model is easy to normalise and can be trained using conditional maximum likelihood estimation. In addition, as a convex model, the optimisation converges to a global maximum
Induction of Quinone Reductase by Withanolides (2002)

Thirty-seven naturally occurring withanolides (1-37), previously isolated in our laboratories, were evaluated for their potential to induce quinone reductase with cultured murine hepatoma cells (Hepa 1c1c7). Spiranoid (29, 32) and 18-functionalized withanolides (2-5, 7-9, 24) were found to be potent inducers of the enzyme, while 5alpha-substituted derivatives exhibited weak activity. Preliminary studies were performed with compound 29 to evaluate enzyme-inducing capacity in multiple organ sites of BALB/c mice. Significant induction was observed in liver and colon, but not in lung, stomach, or mammary gland.
Improving the transcoding capability of speech coders (2003)

With the trend of merging various communication networks, a need arises to provide transcoding between different speech coding formats. Presently this means a cross tandem between the two coders in each case. This results in both quality loss and extra delay. A possible alternative is using a bitstream mapping approach that directly converts parameter values. For several standard coders having a similar coding structure, it should be possible to generate comparable or better quality without adding much delay or complexity. This paper proposes a bitstream mapping method between ITU-T Recommendation G.729 and TIA IS-641. Informal listening tests and the perceptual subjective quality measure (PSQM) scores show that the proposed method has better quality than the cross tandem method, while it has at least 5 ms less delay and six times less computation.
Comparison of sorbents and isotherm models for NH3‐gas separation by adsorption (2000)

Abstract Adsorption equilibrium isotherms of ammonia gas were measured at temperatures between 298 and 393 K on 13X zeolite, 4A zeolite, alumina, silica gel, and activated carbon. The applicability of these sorbents to ammonia gas separation was compared based on equilibrium data. In the pressure range of 1 to 100 kPa activated carbon has its highest working capacity (5.5 mmol·g −1 ) at 298 K, and the working capacity drops rapidly with temperature, reaching its lowest point at 393 K. The two zeolites provide almost the same working capacity, 3.0–3.5 mmol·g −1 , over the entire temperature range. Silica gel and alumina showed low working capacities. The experimental equilibrium data were fitted to 16 different isotherm models, with accuracy and reliability statistically evaluated. The Langmuir–Freundlich model with the van't Hoff equation for the equilibrium constant and with a thermal expansion equation for the saturation sorbate concentration provided the most accurate fit for the 13X and 4A zeolites. This model was also very accurate for the alumina and silica gel data, even though the Dubinin–Astakhov model gave slightly higher predictions. The Henry and vacancy solution models provided the best fit for activated carbon.