gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bradykinin-mediated hypotension after infusion of plasma-protein fraction. (1982)

In patients who required volume expansion during extracorporeal circulation, the plasma bradykinin concentration was monitored simultaneously with the mean arterial pressure during infusion of either albumin solution or PPF. The PKA content of the PPF and the albumin solution was 29 and 3 U/L, respectively, measured spectrophotometrically. In six patients receiving 250 ml of PPF, the mean arterial pressure decreased 22% to 54% within 1.5 min after infusion, whereas the plasma bradykinin concentration, measured by radioimmunoassay, increased significantly (p less than 0.0005) during the first minute. In six patients receiving 250 ml of 4% albumin solution, no blood pressure changes were found, and the plasma bradykinin concentration rose only slightly. In vitro, linear correlation (r = 0.94, p less than 0.0005) was observed between the level of PKA of 26 different lots of PPF and the concentrations of bradykinin that were generated in Hageman factor-deficient plasma after incubation with PPF. It is concluded that the hypotensive reactions observed after PPF infusion during extracorporeal circulation are caused by the PKA-induced bradykinin generation.
A relational database machine for efficient processing of statistical queries (1983)

This paper presents the design of a data base machine for supporting statistical data bases. The primary objective of this research is to introduce an architecture which performs efficiently in executing relational operations on fully transposed files. This objective is met by utilization of two functionally specialized subsystems: category and summary subsystems. The category subsystem exploits the parallel, content addressed search capabilities of associative memories (AM) while the summary subsystem employs a set of functionally equivalent processors suitable for evaluating statistical functions. In order to support processing of category attributes, the design of an extended associative memory has been considered and its features are presented. The most important feature of this AM stems from its ability to sort selected tuples of a relation, with respect to several attributes simultaneously and at the same time to produce an inverted list for each attribute. Sorting is performed by enumeration. The sorted inverted lists are used for efficient execution of relational projection and join operations.
An algorithm for automatic beat-to-beat measurement of the QT-interval (2002)

An algorithm for automatic measurement of the QT-interval is described. The algorithm consists of two passes. In the first pass the differentiated signal is passed through an existing QRS-detector which is modified to detect the end of T-wave. The pointers found for Q-onset and T-end are used for creation of a filter, which estimates the low frequency part of the signal. Subsequently this estimate is subtracted from the original signal where after the same algorithm is applied for the second pass. Validation was done on recordings of 20 patients; 1861 triple beats were randomly selected and eyeball measurements of the QT duration were performed by two experienced cardiologists. The difference of the QT-interval between the cardiologists and the algorithm was 3.64 msec (n.s.). It is concluded that the algorithm reliably calculates the QT-interval, even if major baseline wander is present.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Theoretical Analysis Of Miscible Displacement In Fractured Porous Media By A One-Dimensional Model: Part I -- Theory (1995)

Abstract A one-dimensional model is formulated to describe miscible displacement in fractured porous media. Four parameters, R1 (normalized fracture capacity), B (productivity capacity ratio), M (viscosity ratio), and Ngr (gravity number) that characterize the process are identified. No-crossflow and crossflow equilibrium assumptions are made, and solution methods for both cases are provided. In the case of crossflow equilibrium, the flow is balanced by the viscous and gravity forces. Three branches of solution characteristics are discovered. These are:dominant viscous crossflow,moderate gravity crossflow, andstrong gravity crossflow. The criterion for each case is given in terms of viscosity ratio and gravity number. Depending on the magnitude of viscosity ratio and gravity number, crossflow direction changes along the length of matrix-fracture interface. Introduction One of the main characteristics of a fractured petroleum reservoiris high rate wells in the early life of the field. Depending on the drainage rate. the high rate can continue for a long time for some fractured reservoirs and for a very short period for others, Fractures increase the effective single phase permeability of the combined matrix-fracture porous media. The magnitude of the increase of effective single phase permeability depends on the (kA)r/(kA)m ratio (fractures are assumed perpendicular to the well). For most naturally fractured reservoirs, (kA)r/(kA)m is in the range of 10 to 100. Therefore, wells could produce at rates of 10 to 100 times more than a nonfractured matrix. The above picture of a fractured petroleum reservoir changes for the two phase gas-oil now process. The oil drained from the matrix to the fracture could partly or totally reinfiltrate to the blocks underneath due to capillary and gravity forces(1,2). The reinfiltration process, therefore, substantially reduces the rate of oil production in the two-phase gas-oil region. Another parameter which could lower the rate of drainage in fractured porous media is the fracture gasoil capillary pressure. Visual observations have revealed that the oil now in the fractures for the gas-oil immiscible system is mainly film now, and higher fracture aperture (i.e., fracture capillary pressure effect) reduces the liquid film flow across the matrix blocks(3). Both the reinfiltration process and the capillary pressure contrast between the matrix and fracture lower the rate of drainage. In other words, the rate of drainage from fractured porous media, when the oil is derived from the matrix. is less than in an unfractured medium with the same matrix permeability, provided oil compressibility effects and fracture storage are negligible. After an infinite lime period due to capillary continuity, the ultimate recovery will be the same for both fractured and unfractured porous media. The key to drainage rate enhancement for fractured porous media is:to increase gas-oil gravity drainage rate, andto reduce rein filtration rate.
Analysis of Self-Assembled Monolayers on Gold Surfaces Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Mass spectrometry was performed on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of dodecanethiol on gold using the new direct analysis in real time (DART) ionization technique. Observed peaks for the SAMs included monomers, dimers, and trimers of the SAM molecules, with the dimer and trimer relative peak heights enhanced as compared to the spectra for neat dodecanethiol. The possibility that the observed peaks were due to residual (noncovalently bonded) material on the surface was tested by attempting to observe residual dodecanol. No peaks corresponding to dodecanol were observed. These results indicate that DART is an excellent ionization method for the direct and unambiguous mass analysis of chemical species in self-assembled monolayers.
Short- and long-acting synthetic pentasaccharides as antithrombotic agents (2005)

Fondaparinux sodium (Arixtra; GlaxoSmithKline) is the first of a new class of antithrombotic agents. It is a chemically synthesised pentasaccharide mimicking the site of heparin that binds to antithrombin. It is purely a factor Xa inhibitor and an inhibitor of thrombin generation that requires binding to antithrombin. Fondaparinux sodium differs from heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin and heparinoids, and cannot be used interchangeably. It has been approved in the US and Europe for the prophylaxis of venous thrombosis after orthopaedic surgery by a fixed dose of 2.5 mg/day without monitoring. Using this pentasaccharide as a backbone, other structures have been synthesised. Idraparinux sodium (Sanofi-Aventis) differs structurally from fondaparinux sodium as it has additional methyl groups, a long half-life, and once-weekly administration. Both drugs are being developed as antithrombotics for venous and arterial thrombosis, acute coronary syndrome, stroke and as adjuncts to thrombolytic therapy.
3D Model Analysis of Ankle Flexion on Anatomic Reduction of a Syndesmotic Injury (2016)

Ankle position at the time of syndesmotic fixation did not affect overall ankle ROM when using a suture-button construct; however, overcompression was observed in all positions. The clinical impact of syndesmotic overcompression remains largely unknown.
Prognostic Value of Serum HIV-RNA Levels at Virologic Steady State After Seroconversion: Relation to CD4 Cell Count and Clinical Course of Primary Infection (1997)

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the prognostic value of a single serum HIV-RNA measurement 6-24 months after HIV seroconversion, and to investigate whether any differences in outcome related to the clinical course of primary infection could be explained by presumed steady-state HIV-RNA levels at 6-24 months after seroconversion. Disease progression was analyzed by life tables and Cox proportional hazard models. A total of 93 HIV seroconverters followed for a median of 76 months (range, 19-143 months) were included in the study. The main outcome measures were development of AIDS stratified by age, the year of seroconversion, serum HIV-RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, and duration of primary illness. The proportion of patients who developed AIDS was 36% (95% confidence interval, 22%-50%) at 8 years and 50% (26%-75%) at 10 years. In the unadjusted analyses, clinical progression was significantly associated with serum HIV-RNA levels, CD4 cell counts, and duration of primary illness. The adjusted analyses indicated that HIV-RNA was the strongest predictor. Patients with long-lasting symptoms associated with primary infection had significantly higher serum HIV-RNA levels than those with less severe presentations (median counts, 11,660 vs. 2880 copies/ml, p = 0.001). It is concluded that the serum HIV-RNA level in early HIV infection is a strong independent predictor of clinical progression. Patients with long-lasting primary illnesses reach a higher viral load in steady state after seroconversion, which is probably the main reason for the poorer prognosis observed in this group of patients.
Raising the Bar for the "Perfect Reaction" (2002)

Amines are usually produced from alcohols with a solid-acid catalyst. Billions of kilograms of amines are produced each year to go into products such as shampoos, carpets, and fabric conditioners, and pharmaceuticals. In his Perspective, [Hartwig][1] highlights the synthetic route described by [Seayad][2] et al . The method enables amine synthesis directly from isomeric mixtures of alkenes, without the need to make the alcohol first. As a result of this elimination of a key intermediate step, the method may lead to cleaner and more efficient production of amines.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/297/5587/1653
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/short/297/5587/1676
Structure of 8-Chloro-2-((3-furoyl)aminomethyl)- 1-methyl-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro- IH- 1,4-benzodiazepine Hydrochloride (1988)

C22H2tCIN30+.C1 -, Mr=430.33, triclinic, Pi, a = 9.302 (4), b = 10.840 (3), c = 11.460 (4)/~, a= 71.99 (3), fl= 78.50 (3), y= 72.08 (2) ° , V= 1038.7 (7)/~3, Z = 2, D m = 1.37, D x = 1.38 Mg m -a, graphite-monochromated Cu K~t radiation, 2 = 1.54178/~, /1= 3.044mm -~, F(000)=448, T= 293 K. Final R = 0.036 for 2234 unique observed reflections. The structure consists of molecules linked only by van der Waals forces. The seven-membered ring is in a boat conformation. The basic N of this ring and the amidic N form intramolecular hydrogen bonds to the chloride anion. Introduction. The crystal and molecular structure of the title compound has been determined as part of a study of molecules with a-opioid agonistic activity. Experimental. Yellow crystals (from methanol-amyl alcohol), 0.3 × 0.3 x 0.5 ram. Density measured by flotation in n-heptane/CCl 4. Siemens AED2 diffractom- eter, cell parameters by least-squares refinement of the setting angles of 24 reflections with 20 33(I), S = 0-106. Data reduction with the Stoe & Co. (1985) REDU4 program, Lp corrections, no absorption correction. Scattering factors from Cromer & Mann (1968) and (for H) Stewart, Davidson & Simpson (1965). The structure was solved with MULTAN80 (Main, Fiske, Hull, Lessinger, Germain, Declercq & Woolfson, 1980) and refined on F with XRAY76 programs (Stewart, Machin, Dickinson, Ammon, Heck & Flack, 1976) by full-matrix least squares, first with isotropic temperature factors and finally aniso- tropically. H atoms were located in a difference synthesis and included in the refinement with the isotropic temperature factors of their parent atoms. The refinement converged to R -- 0.036 (wR = 0.047). The weighting scheme was w = (A + F + BFZ) -1 with A
Sparse Greedy Gaussian Process Regression (2000)

We present a simple sparse greedy technique to approximate the maximum a posteriori estimate of Gaussian Processes with much improved scaling behaviour in the sample size m. In particular, computational requirements are O(n m), storage is O(nm), the cost for prediction is O(n) and the cost to compute confidence bounds is O(nm), where n m. We show how to compute a stopping criterion, give bounds on the approximation error, and show applications to large scale problems.
Small‐Molecule Probes to Target the Human Mediator Complex (2013)

The human Mediator complex is a central integrator for transcription and represents a primary interface that allows DNA-binding transcription factors to communicate their regulatory signals to the RNA polymerase II enzyme. Because Mediator is dynamic both in terms of subunit composition and structure, it presents challenges as a target for small molecule probes. Moreover, little high-resolution structural information exists for Mediator. Its global requirement for transcription, as well as its distinct, transcription factor specific interaction surfaces, however, suggest that development of probes that bind specific Mediator subunits might enable gene- and pathway-specific modulation of transcription. Here we provide a brief overview of the Mediator complex, highlighting biological and structural features that make it an attractive target for molecular probes. We then outline several chemical strategies that might be effective for targeting the complex.
Regulatory and coding potential of the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal redundancy (1981)

Molecular clones containing the 3' half of newly integrated mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) DNA with adjacent mouse cellular sequences were characterized. In addition, we cloned the long terminal redundancy joint from the unintegrated circular form of MMTV DNA. The entire nucleotide sequence of the integrated and part of the unintegrated terminal redundancy was determined; this allowed us to delineate the boundaries of the MMTV long terminal redundancy, which comprises 1,327 base pairs. The position of possible RNA polymerase II initiation and termination signals corresponded closely to the expected regions of viral RNA initiation and termination specified by current models. The MMTV long terminal redundancy also contained a large open reading frame with sufficient information for a protein of 198 amino acids. Initial comparison of flanking 3' cellular sequences from three independent integrated clones suggested there was no host sequence specificity in the MMTV integration event. However, specificity of integration with respect to viral sequences was precise.
Science and the Open-Doors Educational Movement (1975)

I visited China for 46 days in the months of July and August 1974, almost exactly two years after my first visit in 1972. The interval between my two visits coincided very closely with the growth of the campaign to criticize Lin Piao and Confucius, which reached an intense level at the time of my most recent visit. In my own view, the campaign was the second wave of the Cultural Revolution in succession to the first wave formed by the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution. In both, the educational movement or revolution has played and is playing a very prominent role and has in turn produced very visible effects on China's science and technology.
The vacuum-assisted closure (V.A.C®) system for surgical site infection with involved vascular grafts (2014)

We showed that the V.A.C.® system is valuable for managing specifically surgical site infection with involved vascular grafts. Using the V.A.C.® system, reoperation rates are reduced; 85% of patients avoided graft replacement.
Natural neighbor interpolation based grid DEM construction using a GPU (2010)

With modern LiDAR technology the amount of topographic data, in the form of massive point clouds, has increased dramatically. One of the most fundamental GIS tasks is to construct a grid digital elevation model (DEM) from these 3D point clouds. In this paper we present a simple yet very fast algorithm for constructing a grid DEM from massive point clouds using natural neighbor interpolation (NNI). We use a graphics processing unit (GPU) to significantly speed up the computation. To handle the large data sets and to deal with graphics hardware limitations clever blocking schemes are used to partition the point cloud. For example, using standard desktop computers and graphics hardware, we construct a high-resolution grid with 150 million cells from two billion points in less than thirty-seven minutes. This is about one-tenth of the time required for the same computer to perform a standard linear interpolation, which produces a much less smooth surface.
Gestational weight gain and foetal acidosis in vaginal and caesarean deliveries: The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (2020)

Inappropriate gestational weight gain (GWG), either above or below the recommended values, has been associated with an increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes. To evaluate the risks of GWG for foetal acidosis according to pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and mode of delivery, we analysed women with singleton pregnancies between 2011 and 2014 in the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Participants (n = 71,799) were categorised according to pre-pregnancy BMI. GWG was categorised into insufficient, appropriate, or excessive. Foetal acidosis was defined as umbilical artery pH (UmA-pH) < 7.20 or < 7.10. Multiple logistic regressions were performed for each BMI category to identify the risks of GWG for foetal acidosis, accounting for the mode of delivery. Excessive GWG was significantly associated with increased foetal acidosis in overweight women and in women whose pre-pregnancy BMI was 23.0-25.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup> especially in those with vaginal deliveries. Conversely, excessive GWG was not significantly associated with increased foetal acidosis in obese women and in women whose pre-pregnancy BMI was ≥ 25.0 kg/m<sup>2</sup>.
Inhibitory effects of Dunaliella salina on tyrosinease activity and melanin production in melanoma cells (2018)

Melanin is essential for protecting human skin against radiation, whereas, the accumulation of abnormal melanin induces pigmentation disorders. Melanogenesis is conducted in the melanocyte via activity of tyrosinase. However, high levels of free radicals and tyrosinase enzyme, leading to characteristic symptoms of skin pigmentation and tumor initiation. Melanoma is generated when melanocytes proliferate actively with enhanced accumulation of melanin pigmentation of the skin tumor formation. The inhibition of tyrosinase activity and prevention of tumor initiation can be accomplished by reducing agents (antioxidants). Several natural carotenoids have been identified in Dunaliella salina, among them 9-cis-β-carotene was found to be the major component. β-carotene is known as an anti-oxidant, however, its effects on preventing tyrosinase activity and melanin production in melanoma are unknown.
NRC/AMRMC Resident Research Associateship Program (2013)

Abstract : During this reporting period, the NRC promoted research opportunities at AMRMC institutes through a broad outreach plan. A total of 10 applications were received during the period and of these, 7 were reviewed by NRC panels. 4 awards were offered, 1 was declined by an associate and 3 were accepted. A total of 3 Associates ended their tenure during the reporting period and of these 1 submitted a final report. The productivity of these Associates is listed in the technical report.
Novel radiochemical isolation strategy for the production of radiopharmaceutical quality 86Y. (2018)

255 Objectives: Widespread utilization of 90Y as therapeutic isotope in targeted radionuclide therapy applications motivates the use of the positron emitter 86Y in theranostic paradigms. These paradigms are frequently limited by the radiochemical purity of produced 86Y. We report a novel radiochemical isolation strategy for 86Y from irradiated 86SrCO3 targets that improves the yield and molar reactivity of 86Y available for radiopharmaceutical studies and near quantitative recovery of 86SrCO3 between production runs. Methods: 86Y was produced using a 16 MeV GE PETtrace cyclotron via the transmutation reaction 86Sr(p,n)86Y from enriched 86SrCO3 targets of pressed powder. The separation of 86Y from the irradiated 86SrCO3 was carried out by single column extraction chromatography using an extraction resin functionalized with N,N,N’,N’-tetrakis-2-ethylhexyldiglycolamide (branched DGA, Eichrom). The recovery of the enriched target material was performed via a series of precipitation/decantation steps in saturated (NH4)2CO3 solutions. Nuclear reaction and radiochemical yields were verified by HPGe gamma spectrometry. The apparent molar reactivity was measured by complexation of the purified 86Y with titrated DOTA and DTPA chelators. Trace elemental analysis of the final eluate was performed by microwave-atomic emission spectroscopy (MP-AES). Results: A 86Y production yield of ~100 MBq/μAh was obtained after irradiating 100-150 mg/cm2 86SrCO3 thick-targets at proton flux intensities up to 5μA. The branched DGA resin was found to have a significantly different affinity for Sr2+ and Y3+ ions in varied hydrochloric acid concentrations, enabling selective loading of the Y3+ ions from high concentration HCl solutions used for strontium target dissolution. Column washing with a defined regimen of lower concentration HCl and HNO3 solutions eluted trace metal impurities of Fe, Zn, and Cu. The resin’s relatively lower affinity (Kd ~ 50) for 86Y in dilute HCl (0.1 M) was used to elute and concentrate 86Y in a small volume (≤ 600 µL) with a final recovery efficiency of ~ 95%. MP-AES measurements established 8.79 ± 4.27 pm (Sr), 2.15 ± 1.26 pm (Zn), 0.14 ± 0.02 ppm (Fe) and 0.05 ± 0.01 ppm (Cu) of the only detectable impurities in the final product. Apparent molar reactivity was 37 ± 7 GBq/μmol DOTA and 32 ± 5 Gbq/µmol DTPA. The isotopically-enriched target material was recycled with a run-to-run efficiency of >97%. Conclusions: To our knowledge, branched DGA resin and 86SrCO3 enable the highest radiochemical purity and apparent molar reactivity yet reported for 86Y productions using automatable column extraction chromatography. This result has led directly successful preparation of 86Y radiopharmaceuticals with total injected masses that are tolerable in envisioned theranost applications of 86Y with 90Y- and 177Lu-based cancer theranostic applications (see Hernandez et al. abstract at this meeting).